Ibadin E.E., Ogbolu D.O., Alli O.A.T., Adebiyi O.E., Fasina N.A.
Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo state, Nigeria; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria; Department of Medical Micr
Ibadin, E.E., Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo state, Nigeria; Ogbolu, D.O., Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria; Alli, O.A.T., Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria; Adebiyi, O.E., Department of Medical Microbiology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; Fasina, N.A., Department of Medical Microbiology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
Failure to cure eye infections and reduced potency in ocular antibacterial agents had been observed in South Western Nigeria, this study sought to evaluate in vitro, the efficacy of antibacterial agents used in the treatment of eye infections. A total of 135 bacterial isolates were recovered from the diagnostic laboratory of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, from conjunctival swabs of patients having underlying eye diseases (Cataracts and glaucoma), and from patients presenting with other symptoms of eye infections (conjunctivitis, keratitis and dacryocystitis). The pathogens incriminated were Staphylococcus aureus (75.5%), Coagulase negative Staphylococci (11.1%), Klebsiella species (11.1%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.2). Disc diffusion tests (Kirby-Bauer method) were carried out using ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefuroxime and levofloxacin. Broth dilution technique was thereafter demonstrated using gentamicin, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin. The macrolide-erythromycin was 54.4% efficacious, amoxicillin-clavulanate and cefuroxime showed 69.9% and 72.8% efficacy. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of commonly used antibiotics however showed different levels of resistance. Resistance to the aminoglycosides was marked, yielding 51.6%, with MIC50 = 8, MIC90 > 256, resistance to chloramphenicol was also marked, yielding 76.9%, with MIC50 = 8, MIC90 = 64. The fluoroquinolones showed high efficacy; levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin showed 91.1% and 75.5% susceptibility respectively, with MIC50 < 0.5, though slightly demonstrable resistance was observed (MIC90 = 8). This study recommends discontinuation of empirical therapy by physicians in order to stem the tide of resistance; it justifies the inclusion of the fluoroquinolones in susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates and its first line of choice if cure is warranted. © 2010 RJPBCS.
aminoglycoside antibiotic agent; amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid; antiinfective agent; cefuroxime; chloramphenicol; ciprofloxacin; erythromycin; gentamicin; levofloxacin; macrolide; quinoline derived antiinfective agent; antibacterial activity; antibiotic resistance; article; bacterium isolate; coagulase negative Staphylococcus; conjunctivitis; controlled study; dacryocystitis; disk diffusion; drug effect; drug screening; eye infection; human; human tissue; in vitro study; keratitis; Klebsiella; minimum inhibitory concentration; Nigeria; nonhuman; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; tertiary health care; Bacteria (microorganisms); Klebsiella; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus aureus
