Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria; Department of Crop/Soil Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Iwegbue, C.M.A., Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria; Williams, E.S., Department of Crop/Soil Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Isirimah, N.O., Department of Crop/Soil Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
The study presents the levels and enrichment factors of heavy metals in soils of southern Nigeria that have received significant impact of crude oil spillage. The results revealed that the concentrations of heavy metals in the examined soils fitted into levels found in agricultural soils except for cadmium. Heavily impacted sites showed elevated levels of heavy metals compared to less impacted sites and background levels. The mean enrichment factors for Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Mn, Ni, and Zn were 37.3, 2.8, 14.4, 14.0, 0.77, 5.4, and 1.27 for topsoil and 37.5, 1.30, 7.81, 1.59, 4.12, and 1.28 for subsoil, respectively. This clearly indicates that there is gradual build-up of heavy metals in these soils as a result of the oil spillage and related anthropogenic activities in this area. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Cadmium; Chromium; Crude petroleum; Lead; Manganese; Manganese compounds; Metals; Soils; Zinc; Agricultural soils; Anthropogenic activities; Background levels; Crude oil; Elevated levels; Enrichment factor; Heavy metals in soils; Metal distributions; Niger Delta; Nigeria; Oil spillage; Significant impacts; Soil contamination; Soil pollution
