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Scopus	2-s2.0-84904304162	Sustainability of the South African livestock sector towards 2050 Part 1: Worth and impact of the sector	Meissner H.H., Scholtz M.M., Palmer A.R.	2013	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	43	3	None	1189 van Riebeeck Avenue, Lyttelton Manor, Centurion 0157, South Africa; ARC-Animal Production Institute, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa; University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; ARC-Animal Production Institute, PO Box 101, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	Meissner, H.H., 1189 van Riebeeck Avenue, Lyttelton Manor, Centurion 0157, South Africa; Scholtz, M.M., ARC-Animal Production Institute, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Palmer, A.R., ARC-Animal Production Institute, PO Box 101, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	Livestock production in South Africa contributes substantially to food security. It is also a topic of public debate because of lack of knowledge and wrong information. This article aims to provide information on the worth and impact of the livestock sect or information and statistics providing a baseline to guiding sustainability towards 2050. Seventy percent of agricultural land in South Africa can be utilized only by livestock and game and species are found in all provinces with high concentrations in the eastern higher rainfall regions. Statistics in 2010 indicate 13.6 million beef cattle, 1.4 million dairy cattle, 24.6 million sheep, 7.0 million goats, 3 million game species (farmed), 1.1 million pigs, 113 million broilers, 31.8 million layers and 1.6 million ostriches. The gross value of livestock products increased by 185% from 1995/2000 to 2006/2010. In relation to field crops and horticulture, livestock products increased their position from 42% to 47% of gross agricultural value. The main reason was a rise in the value and demand for livestock foods, particularly meat. Livestock foods contribute 27% of the consumer food basket on a weight basis. Consumption of livestock foods resembles that of developing countries with meat consumption being 50 - 90 g/capita/day, milk and dairy products 120 - 130 g /capita/day and eggs 15 - 20 g/capita/day. Since this is the average for the country with consumption by the rich and poor often differing tenfold, consumption of livestock foods by the poor is of concern, given the many health attributes of livestock foods. The livestock sector in South Africa is a major role player in the conservation of biodiversity through a variety of well-adapted indigenous and non-indigenous breeds and rare game species. It has also shown commitment to rangeland/ecosystem conservation through conservative stocking rates, with several studies and observations reporting improvement in the condition of the natural resource. The sector has always been a major employer, but employment rate has declined steadily since 2000 because of increased minimum wages, fewer commercial farmers and increased property size. Some 245 000 employees with 1.45 million dependants, in addition to dependants on communal land and emerging farms, are employed on 38 500 commercial farms and intensive units with wages amounting to R 6 100 million (South African rand). Livestock farming is the backbone of the socio-economy and provides the sustenance of most non-metropolitan towns and rural communities. © Copyright resides with the authors.	Biodiversity; Livestock foods; Livestock numbers; Production; Socio-economic impact	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-65949116588	Evaluating the impact of a Special Library and Information Service	Botha E., Erasmus R., Van Deventer M.	2009	Journal of Librarianship and Information Science	41	2	10.1177/0961000609102833	25 Annettehof Veld Street, Glen Marais 1619, South Africa	Botha, E., 25 Annettehof Veld Street, Glen Marais 1619, South Africa; Erasmus, R., 25 Annettehof Veld Street, Glen Marais 1619, South Africa; Van Deventer, M., 25 Annettehof Veld Street, Glen Marais 1619, South Africa	The mere fact that a library service is being used does not mean that the service makes a difference or has a positive impact on the user. This has significant implications for Special Library and Information Services (SL&IS) that have to constantly prove that they add value. Because of the difficulty of measuring impact effectively, the majority of libraries still appear to measure performance quantitatively (how many books do we have, how many are used etc.) instead of looking at the difference the service actually makes. This paper discusses specifically the impact an information service has on the ability of natural science researchers to perform their research effectively and efficiently. A focus group, short survey and 15 interviews were conducted with researchers that use SL&IS in their research at the South African Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) ĝ€" the largest research Council in Africa. The results showed that researchers felt that Library and Information Services have a positive impact on the research process. The two most important indicators of impact chosen by the researchers were firstly, time saved in information retrieval and delivery and secondly, higher success rate in research. In contrast with Poll's (2005) view, researchers felt that Library and Information Services do not necessarily impact on growing their skills and competencies or their attitude and behaviour as researchers. The relationship between the librarian and the researcher also came to light as very important in the research process. The study also identified further important indicators of impact which will serve as the foundation for a more in-depth research study.	Customer satisfaction; Evaluating impact; Impact on research output; Importance of librarian; Indicators of impact; Library and Information Services; Measurement of performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76349122758	Performance measurement: Does education impact productivity?	Larbi-Apau J.A., Sarpong D.B.	2010	Performance Improvement Quarterly	22	4	10.1002/piq.20069	384 College of Education, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States; Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, College of Agriculture and Consumer Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana	Larbi-Apau, J.A., 384 College of Education, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States; Sarpong, D.B., Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, College of Agriculture and Consumer Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana	This study investigated the impact of managers' educational levels on productivity in the commercial poultry industry in Ghana. The level of education of 33 production managers of the poultry farms were factored into a Cobb-Douglas production function with other explanatory variables. The computed percentage change in productivity due to higher education relative to secondary education was 10%. The interaction terms of basic education, experience, and extension visits were positive and not statistically significant. Targeting management education could increase productivity in the commercial poultry industry. Educated managers have a higher propensity to adopt technology and alternative production mix for effectiveness and efficiency. This study concludes that higher educational level had a positive impact on productivity in the commercial poultry industry and should be harnessed for improved performance in the domestic and global market. © 2010 International Society for Performance Improvement.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908233859	The impact of infrastructural change and regulation on entrepreneurial competitiveness in the South African telecommunications sector	Oberholzer S.M., Cullen M., Adendorff C.	2014	South African Journal of Business Management	45	3	None	5 Seaforth Road, Vincent, East London, South Africa; Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Business School, Port Elizabeth, South Africa	Oberholzer, S.M., 5 Seaforth Road, Vincent, East London, South Africa; Cullen, M., Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Business School, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Adendorff, C., Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Business School, Port Elizabeth, South Africa	The fast pace of technological advancements is regarded as one of the global drivers of change. In the telecommunications sector in South Africa, these technological advancements as well as sector transformation pose competitiveness challenges to entrepreneurs. This paper reports an empirical study performed to contribute to the promotion of entrepreneurial competitiveness within the telecommunications sector of the South African economy. From the empirical study, significant relationships proved to exist between the intervening- and independent variables and the dependent variable of this study, namely Perceived Entrepreneurial Competitiveness. The independent variable Infrastructural Change positively influenced both the intervening variable Entrepreneurial Orientation and dependent variable Perceived Entrepreneurial Competitiveness. In the same manner, the independent variables of Regulatory Alignment and Entrepreneurial Mindset did positively influenced Perceived Entrepreneurial Competitiveness within this study. The study found that entrepreneurs can position their businesses more competitively if the factors that impact directly or indirectly on Entrepreneurial Competitiveness in the South African Telecommunications sector are taken in consideration.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749017033	Milk yield and reproductive performances of lactating cows as affected by intakes of certain dietary macro minerals in Ethiopia	Tolla N., Vijchulata P.	2006	Livestock Research for Rural Development	18	9	None	Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand	Tolla, N., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Vijchulata, P., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand	This study was conducted to investigate the influences of dietary intakes of certain minerals on milk yield and reproductive performances of lactating cows fed on concentrate supplement with/without cottonseed cake and/or bole soil. Thirty-two pregnant Holstein Friesian cows with average body weight of 524±54 kg were blocked by their expected due date of calving as early (B1) and late (B2). Soon after calving animals were assigned in a randomized complete block design to one of the following four dietary treatments: concentrate alone (control) (C), 45% of the concentrate diet by weight substituted with cottonseed cake (C + CSC), concentrate plus 3% bole (lake soil) (C + Bole) and 45% of the concentrate substituted with cottonseed cake plus 3% bole (C + CSC + Bole) for 135 days of data collection. Statistically daily milk yield and FC milk yield were not ifferent among treatments. However, animals fed on the treatment diets of concentrate + CSC, concentrate + Bole and concentrate + CSC + Bole, produced 7.4, 16.3 and 18.2% respectively higher actual milk and 14.3, 24.2 and 25.7% respectively higher 4% fat corrected milk than the control group. Inclusion of bole soil alone as a mineral source or in combination with CSC supported higher daily actual and FC milk production than feeding concentrate diet with CSC alone. Days from calving to first estrus, days open and number of services per conception were not different among treatments. Nevertheless, Shorter intervals of days from calving to first estrus, days open and lowest number of services per conception were recorded for animals fed on concentrate diet with bole soil alone followed by those fed the control diet. Inclusion of 3% bole soil alone appeared to improve both milk yield and reproductive performances of dairy cattle.	Bole soil; Cottonseed cake; Cows; Ethiopia; Milk yield; Minerals; Reproduction	Animalia; Bos taurus; Friesia; Micropus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960494871	Measuring the influence of a journal using impact and diffusion factors	Sanni S.A., Zainab A.N.	2011	Malaysian Journal of Library and Information Science	16	2	None	54, Lekan Salami Complex, Ibadan, Nigeria; Digital Library Research Group, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia	Sanni, S.A., 54, Lekan Salami Complex, Ibadan, Nigeria; Zainab, A.N., Digital Library Research Group, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia	Presents the result of the calculated ISI equivalent Impact Factor, Relative Diffusion Factor (RDF), and Journal Diffusion Factor (JDF) for articles published in the Medical Journal of Malaysia (MJM) between the years 2004 and 2008 in both their synchronous and diachronous versions. The publication data are collected from MyAis (Malaysian Abstracting & Indexing system) while the citation data are collected from Google Scholar. The values of the synchronous JDF ranges from 0.057 - 0.14 while the diachronous JDF ranges from 0.46 - 1.98. The high diachronous JDF is explained by a relatively high number of different citing journals against the number of publications. This implies that the results of diachronous JDF is influenced by the numbers of publications and a good comparison may be one of which the subject of analysis have similar number of publications and citations period. The yearly values of the synchronous RDF vary in the range of 0.66 - 1.00 while diachronous RDF ranges from 0.62 - 0.88. The result shows that diachronous RDF is negatively correlated with the number of citations, resulting in a low RDF value for highly cited publication years. What this implies in practice is that the diffusion factors can be calculated for every additional year at any journal level of analysis. This study demonstrates that these indicators are valuable tools that help to show development of journals as it changes through time.	Bibliometrics; Journal diffusion factor; Journal evaluation measures; Journal impact factor; Quality and influence assessment of journals	None	None
WoS	WOS:000282735100003	Impact of ALSO training on the management of prolonged labor and neonatal care at Kagera Regional Hospital, Tanzania	Elsass, Peter,Massawe, Siriel,Nielsen, Birgitte Bruun,Nyakina, Juma,Rasch, Vibeke,Sorensen, Bjarke Lund	2010	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS	111	1	10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.04.031	Aarhus University, University of Copenhagen, Kagera Reg Hosp, Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Odense Univ Hosp	"Elsass, Peter: University of Copenhagen","Nielsen, Birgitte Bruun: Aarhus University","Sorensen, Bjarke Lund: University of Copenhagen",	Objective: To evaluate the management of prolonged labor and neonatal care before and after Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics (ALSO) training. Methods: Staff involved in childbirth at Kagera Regional Hospital, Tanzania, attended a 2-day ALSO provider course. In this prospective intervention study conducted between July and November 2008, the management and outcomes of 558 deliveries before and 550 after the training were observed. Results: There was no significant difference in the rate of cesarean deliveries owing to prolonged labor, and vacuum delivery was not practiced after the intervention. During prolonged labor, action was delayed for more than 3 hours in half of the cases. The stillbirth rate. Apgar scores, and frequency of neonatal resuscitation did not change significantly. After the intervention, there was a significant increase in newborns given to their mothers within 10 minutes, from 5.6% to 71.5% (RR 12.71; 95% CI, 9.04-17.88). There was a significant decrease from 6 to 0 neonatal deaths before discharge among those born with an Apgar score after 1 minute of 4 or more (P=0.03). Conclusion: ALSO training had no effect on the management of prolonged labor. Early contact between newborn and mother was more frequently practiced after ALSO training and the immediate neonatal mortality decreased. (C) 2010 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	"Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics (ALSO)","clinical skills training","emergency obstetric and neonatal care","MATERNAL MORTALITY","NEONATAL CARE","PROLONGED LABOR",Tanzania,MORTALITY	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891641090	Reproductive performance of Abergelle goats and growth rate of their crosses with Boer goats	Belay S., Gebru G., Godifey G., Brhane M., Zenebe M., Hagos H., Teame T.	2014	Livestock Research for Rural Development	26	1	None	Abergelle Agricultural Research Centre, PO Box 492, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Mekelle Agricultural Research Centre, Tigray, Ethiopia	Belay, S., Abergelle Agricultural Research Centre, PO Box 492, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Gebru, G., Abergelle Agricultural Research Centre, PO Box 492, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Godifey, G., Mekelle Agricultural Research Centre, Tigray, Ethiopia; Brhane, M., Abergelle Agricultural Research Centre, PO Box 492, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Zenebe, M., Abergelle Agricultural Research Centre, PO Box 492, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Hagos, H., Abergelle Agricultural Research Centre, PO Box 492, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Teame, T., Abergelle Agricultural Research Centre, PO Box 492, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia	This study was undertaken to evaluate the pre and post weaning growth of F1 crossbred Boer-Abergelle goat kids, and reproductive performance of pure Abergelle under a semi-intensive management system. The study was implemented in Abergelle Agricultural Research Centre goat farm in northern Ethiopia. Three independent variables: namely birth type, sex and parity number and seven dependent variables: body weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), six-month weight (SMW), yearling weight (YW) and weight gains to weaning, six months and one year were analyzed. A total of 166 F1 kids of which 90 were from the first parity, 53 from the second and 23 from the third parity were used to evaluate the growth rate of the crossbred kids. Yearling weights of the crossbred kids were higher for males than for females. The highest values for WWG, SMWG and YWG were observed in the first parity. Average kidding interval of the Abergelle goats was 11.3 months with a minimum and maximum of 9 and 17 months, respectively. Prolificacy rates were 1.06, 1.11 and 1.07 in 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively. Generally, Boer-Abergelle F1 kids had high growth rates (range 73 to 113 g/day) and had low mortality, especially pre-weaning. Purebred Abergelle goats had long kidding interval and most had single births.	Crossbreeding; Growth; Mortality; Reproductive performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-47049109656	Evaluation of dynabeads and cytospheres compared with flow cytometry to enumerate CD4+ T cells in HIV-infected ugandans on antiretroviral therapy	Lutwama F., Serwadda R., Mayanja-Kizza H., Shihab H.M., Ronald A., Kamya M.R., Thomas D., Johnson E., Quinn T.C., Moore R.D., Spacek L.A.	2008	Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes	48	3	10.1097/QAI.0b013e31817bbc3a	Academic Alliance for AIDS Care and Prevention, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda; Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States; University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1830 East Monument Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States	Lutwama, F., Academic Alliance for AIDS Care and Prevention, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda; Serwadda, R., Academic Alliance for AIDS Care and Prevention, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda; Mayanja-Kizza, H., Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Shihab, H.M., Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States; Ronald, A., Academic Alliance for AIDS Care and Prevention, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Kamya, M.R., Academic Alliance for AIDS Care and Prevention, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Thomas, D., Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States; Johnson, E., Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States; Quinn, T.C., Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Moore, R.D., Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States; Spacek, L.A., Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1830 East Monument Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States	BACKGROUND: Laboratory-based monitoring of antiretroviral therapy is essential but adds a significant cost to HIV care. The World Health Organization 2006 guidelines support the use of CD4 lymphocyte count (CD4) to define treatment failure in resource-limited settings. METHODS: We compared CD4 obtained on replicate samples from 497 HIV-positive Ugandans (before and during ART) followed for 18 months by 2 manual bead-based assays, Dynabeads (Dynal Biotech), and Cytospheres (Beckman Coulter) with those generated by flow cytometry at the Infectious Diseases Institute in Kampala, Uganda. RESULTS: We tested 1671 samples (123 before ART) with Dynabeads and 1444 samples (91 before ART) with Cytospheres. Mean CD4 was 231 cells/mm (SD, 139) and 239 cells/mm (SD, 140) by Dynabeads and flow cytometry, respectively. Mean CD4 was 186 cells/mm (SD, 101) and 242 cells/mm (SD, 136) by Cytospheres and flow cytometry, respectively. The mean difference in CD4 count by flow cytometry versus Dynabeads were 8.8 cells/mm (SD, 76.0) and versus Cytospheres were 56.8 cells/mm (SD, 85.8). The limits of agreement were -140.9 to 158.4 cells/mm for Dynabeads and -112.2 to 225.8 cells/mm for Cytospheres. Linear regression analysis showed higher correlation between flow cytometry and Dynabeads (r = 0.85, r = 0.73, slope = 0.85, intercept = 28) compared with the correlation between flow cytometry and Cytospheres (r = 0.78, r = 0.60, slope = 0.58, intercept = 45). Area under the receiver operating characteristics curve to predict CD4 <200 cells/mm was 0.928 for Dynabeads and 0.886 for Cytospheres. CONCLUSION: Although Dynabeads and Cytospheres both underestimated CD4 lymphocyte count compared with flow cytometry, in resource-limited settings with low daily throughput, manual bead-based assays may provide a less expensive alternative to flow cytometry. © 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Antiretroviral therapy; CD4 lymphocyte counts; HIV-1 viral load, monitoring and evaluation; Resource-limited setting; Uganda	antiretrovirus agent; virus RNA; antiviral therapy; article; blood sampling; CD4 lymphocyte count; CD4+ T lymphocyte; controlled study; female; flow cytometry; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; human tissue; intermethod comparison; laboratory test; male; priority journal; Uganda; virus load; adult; CD4+ T lymphocyte; comparative study; evaluation; flow cytometry; highly active antiretroviral therapy; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunology; immunomagnetic separation; methodology; monitoring; Adult; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Female; Flow Cytometry; HIV Infections; Humans; Immunomagnetic Separation; Male; Monitoring, Physiologic; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749415376	Comparative performances of Holstein-Friesian cows under smallholder and large scale farmers' management in Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia	Tolla N., Vijchulata P., Chairatanayuth P., Swsdiphanich S.	2006	Kasetsart Journal - Natural Science	40	1	None	Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Departement of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand	Tolla, N., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Vijchulata, P., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Chairatanayuth, P., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Swsdiphanich, S., Departement of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand	A study was conducted in Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia to assess comparative productive and reproductive performances of graded Holstein Friesian cows under small and large scale farmers' management. A total of 28 animals from both small (14) and large scales farms (14) in different parity classes were used for data collection for a period of 28 weeks. Significant differences were observed in daily intakes of dry matter, crude protein and P (p<0.001) as well as metabolizable energy and Na (p<0.01) between the two farming scales. Daily milk yield and fat corrected (FC) milk yields were also significantly (p<0.001) different. The differences in the composition of milk and postpartum reproductive parameters measured were not statistically significant (p>0.05) between the farm scales. However, the longer days open (171) was observed for small scale farms than the large scale farms (148). Days from calving to the first sign of estrus (115d) and numbers of services per conception (2.1) were higher on large scale farms than on the small scale farms (96 and 1.6 respectively). Milk yield, milk composition and reproductive efficiencies did not significantly (p>0.05) differ between parity classes. Generally, the productive and reproductive performances of graded Holstein Friesian cows in this study were under their expected genetic potential, as compared to other parts of the tropics. This might be attributed mainly to poor nutritional qualities of the available feed resources, in terms of protein, energy and mineral balance which needed further investigation.	Dairy cows; Ethiopia; Farm scales; Parity; Productivity	Animalia; Bos taurus; Friesia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881247342	An exploration of the impact of students' prior genre knowledge on their constructions of 'audience' in a Marketing course at postgraduate level	Bangeni B.	2013	English for Specific Purposes	32	4	10.1016/j.esp.2013.05.001	Academic Development Programme, University of Cape Town, Hoerikwaggo Building, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Bangeni, B., Academic Development Programme, University of Cape Town, Hoerikwaggo Building, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	This article explores the development of audience awareness for two English additional language (EAL) graduate students making the transition from undergraduate Social Science disciplines into the professional discipline of Marketing at a South African university. The article examines the ways in which their conceptualisations of 'audience' shape their negotiation of the generic move structure informing a dominant genre within the discipline: the written case analysis. I argue that the students' struggle with realising the communicative purposes of the genre in their analyses has implications for how they engage with disciplinary theory within crucial moves. Data yielded by semi-structured interviews, reflection papers, as well as selected case analyses written by the students in the initial months of their postgraduate year illustrate how this struggle can be traced to a mismatch between their embodied understandings of the concept of 'audience' which are transported from undergraduate learning contexts, and 'audience' as prescribed by the communicative purpose of the written case analysis within a professional discipline. In making this argument, the article examines the ways in which an antecedent genre, the Social Science argumentative essay, contributes to this mismatch. The article concludes by outlining the pedagogical implications of the findings from an ESP perspective. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Antecedent genre; Audience awareness; Disciplinarity; Prior genre knowledge; Transition; Written case analysis	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943611559	Impact of an educational intervention on breast cancer knowledge in western Kenya	Kisuya J., Wachira J., Busakhala N., Naanyu V., Chite A.F., Omenge O., Otieno G., Keter A., Mwangi A., Inui T.	2014	Health Education Research	30	5	10.1093/her/cyv043	Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) Oncology Institute, P.O Box 4606, Eldoret, Kenya; Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya; Department of Behavioral Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya; Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Health Sciences, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya; Department of Medicine, Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States	Kisuya, J., Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) Oncology Institute, P.O Box 4606, Eldoret, Kenya; Wachira, J., Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) Oncology Institute, P.O Box 4606, Eldoret, Kenya; Busakhala, N., Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) Oncology Institute, P.O Box 4606, Eldoret, Kenya, Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya; Naanyu, V., Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) Oncology Institute, P.O Box 4606, Eldoret, Kenya, Department of Behavioral Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya; Chite, A.F., Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) Oncology Institute, P.O Box 4606, Eldoret, Kenya, Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya; Omenge, O., Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) Oncology Institute, P.O Box 4606, Eldoret, Kenya, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Health Sciences, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya; Otieno, G., Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) Oncology Institute, P.O Box 4606, Eldoret, Kenya; Keter, A., Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) Oncology Institute, P.O Box 4606, Eldoret, Kenya; Mwangi, A., Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) Oncology Institute, P.O Box 4606, Eldoret, Kenya, Department of Behavioral Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya; Inui, T., Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) Oncology Institute, P.O Box 4606, Eldoret, Kenya, Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya, Department of Medicine, Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States	Our objective was to assess the effectiveness of educational sessions that accompanied breast cancer screening events in three communities in western Kenya between October and November 2013. Five hundred and thirty-two women were recruited to complete a test of breast cancer-relevant knowledge and randomly allocated to 'pre-test' or 'post-test' groups that immediately preceded or followed participation in the educational sessions. The education was organized as a presentation by health professionals and focused mainly on causes of breast cancer, early and late cancer presentation signs, high-risk groups, screening methods to find early-stage breast cancer, self-breast exam procedures and treatment options for this disease. Participants were invited to ask questions and practice finding nodules in silicone breast models. The median age was 35 years (interquartile range: 28-45), and 86% had not undergone breast cancer screening previously. Many individual items in our test of knowledge showed statistically significant shifts to better-informed responses. When all items in the assessment questionnaire were scored as a 'test', on average there was a 2.80 point (95% CI: 2.38, 3.22) significant improvement in knowledge about breast cancer after the educational session. Our study provides evidence for the effectiveness of an educational strategy carefully tailored for women in these communities in Kenya. © 2015 The Author. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.	None	adult; attitude to health; Breast Neoplasms; early diagnosis; female; health education; human; Kenya; middle aged; questionnaire; Adult; Breast Neoplasms; Early Detection of Cancer; Female; Health Education; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Kenya; Middle Aged; Surveys and Questionnaires	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70249108871	Performance evaluation of the INNOPAC library system in Southern Africa: Perspectives from systems librarians	Taole Dr. N.	2009	Information Development	25	3	10.1177/0266666909340830	Academy of Science of South Africa, PO Box 72135, Lynwood Ridge 0040, Pretoria, South Africa	Taole Dr., N., Academy of Science of South Africa, PO Box 72135, Lynwood Ridge 0040, Pretoria, South Africa	There is a growing interest in the INNOPAC library automation system, which has been implemented by several libraries in the Southern African region over the past 10 years. The majority of these libraries have installed this library system through consortia membership, and others have done it individually. This article evaluates the performance of the INNOPAC library system in five libraries in the Southern African region using the performance criteria of Functionality, Usability, Support and Training, and Vendor. The article identifies the strengths and weaknesses of the system, and makes recommendations for implementation in other similar libraries in the region. It also outlines a proposal for an INNOPAC-based consortium for the Southern African region. Copyright © 2009 SAGE Publications.	INNOPAC library system; Library automation systems; Performance evaluation; Southern Africa	None	None
None	None	Performance of the ALICE VZERO system	Abbas E., Abelev B., Adam J., Adamová D., Adare A.M., Aggarwal M.M., Aglieri Rinella G., Agnello M., Agocs A.G., Agostinelli A., Ahammed Z., Ahmad N., Ahmad Masoodi A., Ahmed I., Ahn S.A., Ahn S.U., Aimo I., Ajaz M., Akindinov A., Aleksandrov D., Alessand	2013	Journal of Instrumentation	8	10	10.1088/1748-0221/8/10/P10016	Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT), Cairo, Egypt; A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation, Yerevan, Armenia; Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico; Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kiev, Ukraine; Bose Institute, Department of Physics, Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India; Budker Institute for Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation; California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, United States; Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China; Centre de Calcul de lIN2P3, Villeurbanne, France; Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba; Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico; Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Rome, Italy; Chicago State University, Chicago, United States; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, IRFU, Saclay, France; COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad, Pakistan; Departamento de Fisica de Particulas, IGFAE, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India; Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza and Sezione INFN, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica E.R. Caianiello, Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Gruppo Collegato INFN, Alessandria, Italy; Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica M. Merlin, Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy; Division of Experimental High Energy Physics, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden; European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Fachhochschule Köln, Köln, Germany; Faculty of Engineering, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway; Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia; Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea; Gauhati University, Department of Physics, Guwahati, India; Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India; Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, (IITI), India; Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France; Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russian Federation; Institute for Nuclear Research, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation; Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Institute for Subatomic Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russian Federation; Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, KoŠice, Slovakia; Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, India; Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Space Sciences (ISS), Bucharest, Romania; Institut für Informatik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany; Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany; Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Instituto de Fisica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-IN2P3, Strasbourg, France; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russian Federation; Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, South Korea; KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey; Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier, Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble, Grenoble, France; Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Frascati, Italy; Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, INFN, Legnaro, Italy; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States; Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation; National Centre for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw, Poland; National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania; National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, India; Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Řež u Prahy, Czech Republic; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States; Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russian Federation; Physics Department, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States; Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India; Physics Department, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Physics Department, University of Cape Town, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa; Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India; Physics Department, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India; Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy; Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea; Research Division, ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany; Rudjer BoŠković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia; Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF), Sarov, Russian Federation; Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation; Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Sección Fisica, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perü, Lima, Peru; Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy; Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy; Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy; Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy; Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy; Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy; Sezione INFN, Rome, Italy; Nuclear Physics Group, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, United Kingdom; SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand; Technical University of Split FESB, Split, Croatia; Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland; University of Texas at Austin, Physics Department, Austin, TX, United States; Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico; Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, IPN-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States; University of Technology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States; University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India; Vestfold University College, Tonsberg, Norway; V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland; Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States; Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey; Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; Zentrum für Technologietransfer und Telekommunikation (ZTT), Fachhochschule Worms, Worms, Germany; M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, D.V.Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow, Russian Federation; University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physics, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia; Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland	Abbas, E., Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT), Cairo, Egypt; Abelev, B., Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States; Adam, J., Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Adamová, D., Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Řež u Prahy, Czech Republic; Adare, A.M., Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Aggarwal, M.M., Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India; Aglieri Rinella, G., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland, Fachhochschule Köln, Köln, Germany; Agnello, M., Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy, Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Agocs, A.G., Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Agostinelli, A., Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy; Ahammed, Z., Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India; Ahmad, N., Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India; Ahmad Masoodi, A., Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India; Ahmed, I., COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad, Pakistan; Ahn, S.A., Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, South Korea; Ahn, S.U., Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, South Korea; Aimo, I., Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy, Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Ajaz, M., COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad, Pakistan; Akindinov, A., Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russian Federation; Aleksandrov, D., Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation; Alessandro, B., Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Alexandre, D., School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Alfaro Molina, R., Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Alici, A., Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Rome, Italy, Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy; Alkin, A., Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kiev, Ukraine; Almaráz Aviña, E., Instituto de Fisica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Alme, J., Faculty of Engineering, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway; Alt, T., Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Altini, V., Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica M. Merlin, Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy; Altinpinar, S., Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Altsybeev, I., V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Andrei, C., National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania; Andronic, A., Research Division, ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany; Anguelov, V., Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Anielski, J., Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany; Anson, C., Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; Antičic, T., Rudjer BoŠković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia; Antinori, F., Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy; Antonioli, P., Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy; Aphecetche, L., SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Appelshauser, H., Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Arbor, N., Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier, Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble, Grenoble, France; Arcelli, S., Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy; Arend, A., Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Armesto, N., Departamento de Fisica de Particulas, IGFAE, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Arnaldi, R., Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Aronsson, T., Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Arsene, I.C., Research Division, ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany; Arslandok, M., Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Asryan, A., V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Augustinus, A., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Averbeck, R., Research Division, ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany; Awes, T.C., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States; Äystö, J., Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; Azmi, M.D., Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India, Physics Department, University of Cape Town, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa; Bach, M., Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Badalà, A., Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy; Baek, Y.W., Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea, Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Bailhache, R., Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Bala, R., Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India, Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Baldisseri, A., Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, IRFU, Saclay, France; Baltasar Dos Santos Pedrosa, F., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Bán, J., Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, KoŠice, Slovakia; Baral, R.C., Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, India; Barbera, R., Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy; Barile, F., Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica M. Merlin, Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy; Barnaföldi, G.G., Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Barnby, L.S., School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Barret, V., Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Bartke, J., Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland; Basile, M., Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy; Bastid, N., Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Basu, S., Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India; Bathen, B., Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany; Batigne, G., SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Batyunya, B., Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russian Federation; Batzing, P.C., Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Baumann, C., Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Bearden, I.G., Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Beck, H., Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Behera, N.K., Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India; Belikov, I., Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-IN2P3, Strasbourg, France; Bellini, F., Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy; Bellwied, R., University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Belmont-Moreno, E., Instituto de Fisica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Bencedi, G., Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Beole, S., Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Berceanu, I., National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania; Bercuci, A., National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania; Berdnikov, Y., Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russian Federation; Berenyi, D., Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Bergognon, A.A.E., SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Bertens, R.A., Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Institute for Subatomic Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Berzano, D., Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy, Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Betev, L., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Bhasin, A., Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India; Bhati, A.K., Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India; Bhom, J., University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Bianchi, L., Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Bianchi, N., Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Frascati, Italy; Bianchin, C., Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Institute for Subatomic Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Bielčík, J., Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Bielčíková, J., Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Řež u Prahy, Czech Republic; Bilandzic, A., Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Bjelogrlic, S., Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Institute for Subatomic Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Blanco, F., Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain; Blanco, F., University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Blau, D., Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation; Blume, C., Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Boccioli, M., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Böttger, S., Institut für Informatik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Bogdanov, A., Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation; Bøggild, H., Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Bogolyubsky, M., Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russian Federation; Boldizsár, L., Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Bombara, M., Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia; Book, J., Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Borel, H., Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, IRFU, Saclay, France; Borissov, A., Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States; Bossu, F., Physics Department, University of Cape Town, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa; Botje, M., Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Botta, E., Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Braidot, E., Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States; Braun-Munzinger, P., Research Division, ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany; Bregant, M., SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Breitner, T., Institut für Informatik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Broker, T.A., Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Browning, T.A., Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Broz, M., Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Brun, R., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Bruna, E., Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy, Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Bruno, G.E., Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica M. Merlin, Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy; Budnikov, D., Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF), Sarov, Russian Federation; Buesching, H., Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Bufalino, S., Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy, Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Buncic, P., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Busch, O., Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Buthelezi, Z., Physics Department, University of Cape Town, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa; Caffarri, D., Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy, Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy; Cai, X., Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China; Caines, H., Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Calvo Villar, E., Sección Fisica, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perü, Lima, Peru; Camerini, P., Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy; Canoa Roman, V., Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico; Cara Romeo, G., Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy; Carena, W., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Carena, F., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Carlin Filho, N., Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil; Carminati, F., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Casanova Díaz, A., Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Frascati, Italy; Castillo Castellanos, J., Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, IRFU, Saclay, France; Castillo Hernandez, J.F., Research Division, ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany; Casula, E.A.R., Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy; Catanescu, V., National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania; Cavicchioli, C., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Ceballos Sanchez, C., Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba; Cepila, J., Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Cerello, P., Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Chang, B., Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland, Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy; Chapeland, S., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Charvet, J.L., Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, IRFU, Saclay, France; Chattopadhyay, S., Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India; Chattopadhyay, S., Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India; Cherney, M., Physics Department, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States; Cheshkov, C., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, IPN-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; Cheynis, B., Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, IPN-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; Chibante Barroso, V., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Chinellato, D.D., University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Chochula, P., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Chojnacki, M., Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Choudhury, S., Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India; Christakoglou, P., Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Christensen, C.H., Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Christiansen, P., Division of Experimental High Energy Physics, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden; Chujo, T., University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Chung, S.U., Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea; Cicalo, C., Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy; Cifarelli, L., Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Rome, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy; Cindolo, F., Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy; Cleymans, J., Physics Department, University of Cape Town, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa; Colamaria, F., Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica M. Merlin, Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy; Colella, D., Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica M. Merlin, Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy; Collu, A., Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy; Conesa Balbastre, G., Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier, Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble, Grenoble, France; Conesa Del Valle, Z., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France; Connors, M.E., Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Contin, G., Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy; Contreras, J.G., Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico; Cormier, T.M., Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States; Corrales Morales, Y., Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Cortese, P., Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Gruppo Collegato INFN, Alessandria, Italy; Cortés Maldonado, I., Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico; Cosentino, M.R., Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States; Costa, F., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Cotallo, M.E., Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain; Crescio, E., Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico; Crochet, P., Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Cruz Alaniz, E., Instituto de Fisica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Cruz Albino, R., Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico; Cuautle, E., Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Cunqueiro, L., Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Frascati, Italy; Dainese, A., Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy, Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy; Dang, R., Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China; Danu, A., Institute of Space Sciences (ISS), Bucharest, Romania; Das, K., Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India; Das, I., Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France; Das, S., Bose Institute, Department of Physics, Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India; Das, D., Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India; Dash, S., Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India; Dash, A., Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil; De, S., Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India; De Barros, G.O.V., Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil; De Caro, A., Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Rome, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisica E.R. Caianiello, Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy; De Cataldo, G., Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy; De Cuveland, J., Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; De Falco, A., Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy; De Gruttola, D., Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Rome, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisica E.R. Caianiello, Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy; Delagrange, H., SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Deloff, A., National Centre for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw, Poland; De Marco, N., Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Dénes, E., Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; De Pasquale, S., Dipartimento di Fisica E.R. Caianiello, Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy; Deppman, A., Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil; D Erasmo, G., Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica M. Merlin, Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy; De Rooij, R., Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Institute for Subatomic Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Diaz Corchero, M.A., Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain; Di Bari, D., Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica M. Merlin, Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy; Dietel, T., Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany; Di Giglio, C., Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica M. Merlin, Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy; Di Liberto, S., Sezione INFN, Rome, Italy; Di Mauro, A., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Di Nezza, P., Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Frascati, Italy; Divià, R., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Djuvsland, Ø., Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Dobrin, A., Division of Experimental High Energy Physics, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden, Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Institute for Subatomic Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States; Dobrowolski, T., National Centre for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw, Poland; Dönigus, B., Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany, Research Division, ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany; Dordic, O., Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Dubey, A.K., Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India; Dubla, A., Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Institute for Subatomic Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Ducroux, L., Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, IPN-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; Dupieux, P., Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Dutta Majumdar, A.K., Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India; Elia, D., Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy; Emschermann, D., Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany; Engel, H., Institut für Informatik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Erazmus, B., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland, SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Erdal, H.A., Faculty of Engineering, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway; Eschweiler, D., Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Espagnon, B., Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France; Estienne, M., SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Esumi, S., University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Evans, D., School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Evdokimov, S., Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russian Federation; Eyyubova, G., Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Fabris, D., Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy, Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy; Faivre, J., Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier, Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble, Grenoble, France; Falchieri, D., Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy; Fantoni, A., Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Frascati, Italy; Fasel, M., Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Fehlker, D., Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Feldkamp, L., Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany; Felea, D., Institute of Space Sciences (ISS), Bucharest, Romania; Feliciello, A., Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Fenton-Olsen, B., Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States; Feofilov, G., V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Fernández Téllez, A., Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico; Ferretti, A., Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Festanti, A., Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy; Figiel, J., Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland; Figueredo, M.A.S., Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil; Filchagin, S., Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF), Sarov, Russian Federation; Finogeev, D., Institute for Nuclear Research, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation; Fionda, F.M., Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica M. Merlin, Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy; Fiore, E.M., Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica M. Merlin, Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy; Floratos, E., Physics Department, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Floris, M., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Foertsch, S., Physics Department, University of Cape Town, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa; Foka, P., Research Division, ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany; Fokin, S., Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation; Fragiacomo, E., Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy; Francescon, A., Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy, European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Frankenfeld, U., Research Division, ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany; Fuchs, U., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Furget, C., Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier, Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble, Grenoble, France; Fusco Girard, M., Dipartimento di Fisica E.R. Caianiello, Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy; Gaardhøje, J.J., Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Gagliardi, M., Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Gago, A., Sección Fisica, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perü, Lima, Peru; Gallio, M., Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Gangadharan, D.R., Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; Ganoti, P., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States; Garabatos, C., Research Division, ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany; Garcia-Solis, E., Chicago State University, Chicago, United States; Gargiulo, C., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Garishvili, I., Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States; Gerhard, J., Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Germain, M., SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Geuna, C., Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, IRFU, Saclay, France; Gheata, M., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland, Institute of Space Sciences (ISS), Bucharest, Romania; Gheata, A., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Ghidini, B., Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica M. Merlin, Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy; Ghosh, P., Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India; Gianotti, P., Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Frascati, Italy; Giubellino, P., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Gladysz-Dziadus, E., Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland; Glassel, P., Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Gomez, R., Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico; Ferreiro, E.G., Departamento de Fisica de Particulas, IGFAE, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; González-Trueba, L.H., Instituto de Fisica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; González-Zamora, P., Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain; Gorbunov, S., Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Goswami, A., Physics Department, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India; Gotovac, S., Technical University of Split FESB, Split, Croatia; Grabski, V., Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Graczykowski, L.K., Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland; Grajcarek, R., Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Grelli, A., Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Institute for Subatomic Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Grigoras, C., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Grigoras, A., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Grigoriev, V., Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation; Grigoryan, A., A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation, Yerevan, Armenia; Grigoryan, S., Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russian Federation; Grinyov, B., Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kiev, Ukraine; Grion, N., Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy; Gros, P., Division of Experimental High Energy Physics, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden; Grosse-Oetringhaus, J.F., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Grossiord, J.-Y., Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, IPN-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; Grosso, R., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Guber, F., Institute for Nuclear Research, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation; Guernane, R., Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier, Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble, Grenoble, France; Guerzoni, B., Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy; Guilbaud, M., Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, IPN-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; Gulbrandsen, K., Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Gulkanyan, H., A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation, Yerevan, Armenia; Gunji, T., University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Gupta, A., Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India; Gupta, R., Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India; Haake, R., Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany; Haaland, Ø., Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Hadjidakis, C., Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France; Haiduc, M., Institute of Space Sciences (ISS), Bucharest, Romania; Hamagaki, H., University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Hamar, G., Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Han, B.H., Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea; Hanratty, L.D., School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Hansen, A., Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Harmanová-Tothová, Z., Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik	None	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349634151	The challenge of integrating sustainability into talent and organization strategies: Investing in the knowledge, skills and attitudes to achieve high performance	Arnott J., Lacy P., Lowitt E.	2009	Corporate Governance	9	4	10.1108/14720700910985025	Accenture, Kelvin, South Africa; Accenture, London, United Kingdom; Accenture, Boston, MA, United States	Arnott, J., Accenture, Kelvin, South Africa; Lacy, P., Accenture, London, United Kingdom; Lowitt, E., Accenture, Boston, MA, United States	Purpose - This paper aims to address the importance of a framework for developing employees' sustainability knowledge, skills, and behaviors. Design/methodology/approach - The paper draws on in-depth interviews with executives from five Fortune 1000 companies that are viewed as market leaders in addressing sustainability. Findings - This paper provides a series of initiatives to equip their employees' talent - from top executives to employees throughout the organization - with the much needed, but often sorely lacking knowledge, skills and attitudes to spearhead efforts to attend to sustainability both today and tomorrow. Practical implications - The usefulness of demonstrating a company's suite of ongoing initiatives to address sustainability to potential employees during the recruiting process is highlighted by each company. Originality/value - The framework covered by this paper can help companies enhance their talent management skills. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Employees; Leadership development; Management development	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84944789912	Effect of educational outreach timing and duration on facility performance for infectious disease care in Uganda: A trial with pre-post and cluster randomized controlled components	Burnett S.M., Mbonye M.K., Naikoba S., Stella Z.-M., Kinoti S.N., Ronald A., Rubashembusya T., Willis K.S., Colebunders R., Manabe Y.C., Weaver M.R.	2015	PLoS ONE	10	9	10.1371/journal.pone.0136966	Accordia Global Health Foundation, Washington, DC, United States; Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Center for Human Services, University Research Co. LLC, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; International Training and Education Center for Health (I-TECH), Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; PATH, Seattle, WA, United States; Save the Children, Kampala, Uganda; International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Uganda Country Office, Wandegeya, Uganda; Fio Corporation, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Manchester, Institute for Development Policy and Management, Manchester, United Kingdom; U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, MD, United States	Burnett, S.M., Accordia Global Health Foundation, Washington, DC, United States, Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, PATH, Seattle, WA, United States; Mbonye, M.K., Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Naikoba, S., Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, Save the Children, Kampala, Uganda; Stella, Z.-M., Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Uganda Country Office, Wandegeya, Uganda; Kinoti, S.N., Center for Human Services, University Research Co. LLC, Bethesda, MD, United States, Fio Corporation, Toronto, ON, Canada; Ronald, A., Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Rubashembusya, T., Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, University of Manchester, Institute for Development Policy and Management, Manchester, United Kingdom; Willis, K.S., Accordia Global Health Foundation, Washington, DC, United States, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, MD, United States; Colebunders, R., Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Manabe, Y.C., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Weaver, M.R., International Training and Education Center for Health (I-TECH), Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States	Background: Classroom-based learning is often insufficient to ensure high quality care and application of health care guidelines. Educational outreach is garnering attention as a supplemental method to enhance health care worker capacity, yet there is little information about the timing and duration required to improve facility performance. We sought to evaluate the effects of an infectious disease training program followed by either immediate or delayed on-site support (OSS), an educational outreach approach, on nine facility performance indicators for emergency triage, assessment, and treatment; malaria; and pneumonia. We also compared the effects of nine monthly OSS visits to extended OSS, with three additional visits over six months. Methods: This study was conducted at 36 health facilities in Uganda, covering 1,275,960 outpatient visits over 23 months. From April 2010 to December 2010, 36 sites received infectious disease training; 18 randomly selected sites in arm A received nine monthly OSS visits (immediate OSS) and 18 sites in arm B did not. From March 2011 to September 2011, arm A sites received three additional visits every two months (extended OSS), while the arm B sites received eight monthly OSS visits (delayed OSS). We compared the combined effect of training and delayed OSS to training followed by immediate OSS to determine the effect of delaying OSS implementation by nine months. We also compared facility performance in arm A during the extended OSS to immediate OSS to examine the effect of additional, less frequent OSS. Results: Delayed OSS, when combined with training, was associated with significant pre/post improvements in four indicators: outpatients triaged (44% vs. 87%, aRR = 1.54, 99% CI = 1.11, 2.15); emergency and priority patients admitted, detained, or referred (16% vs. 31%, aRR = 1.74, 99% CI = 1.10, 2.75); patients with a negative malaria test result prescribed an antimalarial (53% vs. 34%, aRR = 0.67, 99% CI = 0.55, 0.82); and pneumonia suspects assessed for pneumonia (6% vs. 27%, aRR = 2.97, 99% CI = 1.44, 6.17). Differences between the delayed OSS and immediate OSS arms were not statistically significant for any of the nine indicators (all adjusted relative RR (aRRR) between 0.76-1.44, all p>0.06). Extended OSS was associated with significant improvement in two indicators (outpatients triaged: aRR = 1.09, 99% CI = 1.01; emergency and priority patients admitted, detained, or referred: aRR = 1.22, 99% CI = 1.01, 1.38) and decline in one (pneumonia suspects assessed for pneumonia: aRR: 0.93; 99% CI = 0.88, 0.98). Conclusions: Educational outreach held up to nine months after training had similar effects on facility performance as educational outreach started within one month post-training. Six months of bimonthly educational outreach maintained facility performance gains, but incremental improvements were heterogeneous. Copyright: © 2015 Burnett et al.	None	Article; case management; clinical assessment; controlled study; emergency health service; fever; health care facility; health care quality; human; infection control; malaria; medical education; outcome assessment; pneumonia; randomized controlled trial; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927554751	Associations between CAMCOG-R subscale performance and formal education attainment in South African older adults	James K.A., Grace L.K., Thomas K.G.F., Combrinck M.I.	2015	International Psychogeriatrics	27	2	10.1017/S1041610214002233	ACSENT Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Clinical Neurosciences Research Unit, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa	James, K.A., ACSENT Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Clinical Neurosciences Research Unit, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Grace, L.K., Clinical Neurosciences Research Unit, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Thomas, K.G.F., ACSENT Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Combrinck, M.I., Clinical Neurosciences Research Unit, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa	Background: The Cambridge Cognitive Examination-Revised (CAMCOG-R) is a sensitive screening tool for the early diagnosis of dementia in older adults. Overall performance on the CAMCOG-R is influenced by educational attainment. Few studies have, however, examined the association between educational attainment and performance on the individual CAMCOG subscales. We aimed to address this question in a sample from a low-and middle-income country (LAMIC), where resource constraints may have compromised access to, and quality of, education for many older adults. Methods: Participants, all over 60 years of age, were 51 cognitively healthy community-dwelling volunteers and 47 individuals diagnosed with mild-moderate stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). Most participants had some high school education. They were administered the CAMCOG-R under standardized conditions. Results: Within both the control and AD patient groups, there were significant associations between years of completed education and CAMCOG-R total score, MMSE score, and CAMCOG-R Language subscale score. In both groups, level of education was not associated with scores on these subscales: in controls, recent memory, R 2 =.21, p =.055, learning memory, R 2 =.16, p =.398, attention/calculation, R 2 =.19, p =.467, and perception, R 2 =.18, p =.984; in AD patients, recent memory, R 2 =.14, p =.340, learning memory, R 2 =.03, p =.680, perception, R 2 =.09, p =.723, and attention/calculation, R 2 =.19, p =.097. Conclusions: Some CAMCOG-R subscale scores were more strongly associated with educational attainment than others. Importantly, however, performance on the recent memory and learning memory subscales was not affected by education. These subscales are sensitive indicators of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early AD. These subscales may therefore remain valid for use as an AD screening tool in resource-poor healthcare settings. Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2014.	Alzheimer's disease; cognitive impairment; education; neuropsychological testing	aged; Alzheimer disease; Article; attention; Cambridge Cognitive Examination Revised; clinical article; cognitive defect; community sample; controlled study; educational status; female; human; learning; male; memory; psychologic test; South African; volunteer	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57449101699	On-farm performance of Arsi-Bale goats in Ethiopia receiving different concentrate supplements	Guru M., Abebe G., Goetsch A., Hundessa F., Ebro A., Shelima B.	2008	Livestock Research for Rural Development	20	12	None	Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia; Ethiopia Sheep and Goat Productivity Improvement Program, P. O. Box 15566, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, P. O. Box 730, Langston, OK 73050, United States	Guru, M., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia; Abebe, G., Ethiopia Sheep and Goat Productivity Improvement Program, P. O. Box 15566, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Goetsch, A., American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, P. O. Box 730, Langston, OK 73050, United States; Hundessa, F., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia; Ebro, A., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia; Shelima, B., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia	An experiment was conducted to compare effects of supplements based on different byproduct feedstuffs on on-farm performance of yearling Arsi-Bale goats in the Adami Tulu district of Ethiopia. The study was conducted during the main growing season (wet season) at the time when most grazing land is cultivated. A farmer research group (FRG) was formed in each of three villages. Each FRG consisted of nine farm households, with eight contributing three animals and one providing six. A barn with three pens was constructed at one farm in each village. One or two animals from each farm were allocated to three supplementation treatments. Animals received supplements and resided at night in the barn pens. Supplements, offered at 2.5% of body weight, consisted of 50% wheat bran, 1% salt, and 49% noug cake (N), formaldehyde-treated noug cake (F-N), or linseed meal (L). Initial body weight was 14.5 (SE = 0.18 kg). Average daily gain was greater for L than for N (P < 0.05) and F-N (P < 0.08) (100, 113, and 134 g/day for N, F-N, and L, respectively; SE = 6.6). The difference between the increase in estimated animal value due to supplementation and supplement cost was 51.87, 61.1, and 79.75 Ethiopian birr per animal for N, F-N, and L, respectively. In conclusion, based on average daily gain and the greater concentration of metabolizable energy in linseed meal vs. noug cake, energy appeared relatively more limiting to performance than protein. Supplementation of goats with available byproduct feedstuffs offers a means of achieving marketable body weight and profit with suboptimal grazing conditions.	Daily gain; Formaldehyde; Linseed meal; Noug cake; Wet season	Animalia; Capra hircus; Triticum aestivum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-48249098482	Non-genetic factors influencing post-weaning growth and reproductive performances of Arsi-Bale goats	Dadi H., Duguma G., Shelima B., Fayera T., Tadesse M., Woldu T., Tucho T.A.	2008	Livestock Research for Rural Development	20	7	None	Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box: 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Bako Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box: 3, Bako, Ethiopia	Dadi, H., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box: 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Duguma, G., Bako Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box: 3, Bako, Ethiopia; Shelima, B., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box: 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Fayera, T., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box: 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Tadesse, M., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box: 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Woldu, T., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box: 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Tucho, T.A., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box: 35, Ziway, Ethiopia	A study was conducted to investigate the effects of non-genetic factors on post weaning growth and reproductive performances of Arsi-Bale goats maintained at Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center in the mid Rift Valley of Ethiopia. The fixed effects of year, season, dam parity, sex of kids and litter sizes on post weaning growth traits were investigated while dam age in addition to the above factors, was used in investigating the reproductive performances of does. Year significantly affected (P <0.05 and P <0.001) all traits considered in the study, except for the 18-month live weights of kids. Season did affect only weaning weight (3MW) of kids while parity significantly affected 3MW, 6 months weight (6MW), 6- to 12-months daily weight gain of kids (ADG2) and litter sizes. Its effect increased with increasing parity with heaviest 3MW (8.7kg) and 6MW (10.6kg) and largest litter sizes of 2.1±0.10 being achieved in sixth parity. Sex of kids significantly influenced (P <0.001) all growth traits considered in the current study, except for the 3-to 6-months growth rate of kids (ADG1). Males were heavier and grew faster than females. However, the effect of litter size was only on 3MW, 6MW and yearling weight (12MW). Single born kids were heavier at 3-, 6- and 12-months of age and the litter size effect disappeared thereafter. Dam age significantly affected age at first kidding. The effects of non-genetic factors on both growth and reproductive traits considered were significant and hence will need to be considered in goat breed improvement program.	Age at first kidding; Arsi Bale goat; Ethiopia; Kidding interval; Litter size; Parity; Season; Sex; Year	Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-49249101708	Comparison of body weight gain performance and carcass characteristics of the two Ethiopian cattle breeds under natural pasture grazing management	Negash M., Lemma T., Dadi H., Feyera T., Woldu T., Alemu T., Shilima B.	2008	Livestock Research for Rural Development	20	8	None	Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia	Negash, M., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Lemma, T., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Dadi, H., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Feyera, T., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Woldu, T., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Alemu, T., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Shilima, B., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia	The study was conducted to see the effect of breed and age on the body weight gain and carcass traits of Borana and Kereyu breed kept under natural pasture grazing management at Adami Tulu Agricultural research center. A total of 32 Borana and 32 Kereyu breed bulls of four age categories from each breed were used for the experiment. The parameters showed an increasing trend across age groups for Borana breed. The highest average daily weight gain were registered at the older age (4, 6, 8 years) respectively and the lowest at younger age (2 years). Fat thickness and dressing percentage of Borana breed was high, however statistically it is not significant (p>0.05). Borana breed managed under similar condition deposited significantly higher (p<0.05) internal fat. Similarly hot carcass and rib eye area were also recorded significantly higher (p<0.05) in Borana breed. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) observed between the two breeds among different age groups of bulls with regard to average total body weight gain (ATG) and average daily body weight gain (ADG). Leg total and accumulation of muscle on it was significantly higher (p<0.05) in Borana than Kereyu breed, but leg bone and fat did not significantly (p>0.05) vary. Loin total and accumulation of muscle on it was significantly higher (p<0.05) in Borana breed, but Loin bone and fat did not significantly (p>0.05) vary. Rack total, bone and accumulation of muscle on it was significantly higher (p<0.05) in Borana breed, but fat did not significantly (p>0.05) vary. Breast and Shank total, bone and accumulation of fat on it was significantly higher (p<0.05) in Borana breed, but muscle did not significantly (p>0.05) vary. Shoulder and neck total, muscle and accumulation of fat on it was significantly higher (p<0.05) in Borana breed, but bone did not significantly (p>0.05) vary. Primal cut proportions, total fat and muscle did not significantly (p>0.05) vary between the two breeds but the total bone was different between the two breeds. Generally Borana breed was preferred for good carcass yield than Kereyu breed in natural grazing management.	Age; Borana; Carcass trait; Kereyu; Range performance; Type	Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247123989	Rangeland evaluation in the middle Awash valley of Ethiopia: I. Herbaceous vegetation cover	Abule E., Snyman H.A., Smit G.N.	2007	Journal of Arid Environments	70	2	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.12.008	Adami Tulu Research Center, P. O. Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia; Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Abule, E., Adami Tulu Research Center, P. O. Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia; Snyman, H.A., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Smit, G.N., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	The objective of this study was to determine the condition and grazing capacity of commonly grazed rangeland of pastoralists living in the Kereyu-Fantale and Awash-Fantale districts of Ethiopia. In each of the districts, data on grass species composition, basal cover, bare ground, soil erosion and dry matter (DM) yield were collected. The most dominant grass species in the study districts was Chrysopogon plumulosus, followed by different species of Sporobolus. The percentage bare ground varied from 0.3% to 10.8%, with a mean value of 5.3%. The basal cover in both districts was low, averaging 3.4%. The DM yield of the grass ranged between 168.5 and 832 kg ha-1. The grazing capacity varied from as low as 54.1 to as high as 7.1 ha LSU-1. The general conclusion that can be made is that the condition of the rangeland in the Middle Awash Valley of Ethiopia is poor, requiring careful and participatory management. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Basal cover; Grass DM yield; Grass species composition; Grazing capacity; Percentage bare ground; Rangeland condition	bare soil; community composition; dry matter; environmental assessment; environmental conditions; grass; grazing pressure; rangeland; soil erosion; valley; vegetation cover; Africa; Awash Valley; East Africa; Ethiopia; Fantale; Sub-Saharan Africa; Chrysopogon plumulosus; Sporobolus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34147118966	Rangeland evaluation in the Middle Awash valley of Ethiopia: III. Relationships among soil and vegetation variables	Abule E., Snyman H.A., Smit G.N.	2007	Journal of Arid Environments	70	2	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.01.006	Adami Tulu Research Center, P.O. Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia; Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Abule, E., Adami Tulu Research Center, P.O. Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia; Snyman, H.A., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Smit, G.N., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Two neighboring districts inhabited by pastoralists of different ethnic groups in the Middle Awash valley of Ethiopia were studied to make a preliminary investigation of the soil nutrient status and identifying the environmental factors most critical to grass production. Data were collected on soil nutrient status, grass yield (dry matter), percentage bare and covered ground, estimated soil erosion, evapotranspiration tree equivalent (ETTE), and altitude. Sites with saline soil showed high electrical conductance and high pH and low total nitrogen and organic carbon. The results of the correlation matrix and the stepwise multiple regression indicated that grass yield was affected by ETTE ha-1, percentage of bare and covered ground, C:N ratio, pH and available K. Future studies need to include stocking rate as one parameter to determine better relationships among the measured parameters more accurately. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Evapotranspiration tree equivalent; Grass biomass; Organic carbon; Salinity; Soil nutrient status; Total nitrogen	biomass; grass; organic carbon; pH; rangeland; salinity; soil nitrogen; soil nutrient; valley; vegetation dynamics; Africa; Awash Valley; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34147158367	Rangeland evaluation in the middle Awash valley of Ethiopia: II. Woody vegetation	Abule E., Snyman H.A., Smit G.N.	2007	Journal of Arid Environments	70	2	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.01.007	Adami Tulu Research Center, P.O. Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia; Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Abule, E., Adami Tulu Research Center, P.O. Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia; Snyman, H.A., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Smit, G.N., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Although a few studies have reported an increase of woody plants in the rangelands of Ethiopia during the last few decades, most studies related to the importance of tree canopies have been conducted in lightly grazed areas that have suffered little disturbance. The woody vegetation composition, density, evapotranspiration tree equivalent (ETTE), browse production, browsing capacity and bush encroachment were therefore studied in a part of the Middle Awash Valley of Ethiopia with the objective of determining the condition and contribution of woody vegetation as a source of feed to animals. Accordingly, 7 and 8 rangeland sites in Kereyu-Fantale and Awash-Fantale districts, respectively, were identified. The data collected was analyzed using the Biomass Estimates from Canopy Volume model. The dominant sources of browse and the encroacher woody plants in the study districts were species of Acacia (A. senegal and A. nubica). In both districts, the browse production ranged from as low as 194-3 311 kg ha-1, with most of the leaf dry mass found above the height of 1.5 m. Some of the possible factors contributing to bush encroachment in the study area are heavy grazing pressure, expansion of cultivation and reduced mobility of animals due to many factors. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Browse production; Bush encroachment; Density; Evapotranspiration tree equivalent; Woody species composition	browsing; community composition; population density; rangeland; shrub; valley; woody plant; Africa; Awash Valley; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa; Acacia; Acacia nubica; Acacia senegal; Animalia	None
WoS	WOS:000272445000006	The Developmental Impact of Asian Drivers on Ethiopia with Emphasis on Small-scale Footwear Producers	Gebre-Egziabher, Tegegne	2009	WORLD ECONOMY	32	11	10.1111/j.1467-9701.2009.01252.x	Addis Ababa University	None	(1252) Tegegne Gebre-Egziabher This paper examines the developmental impact of China and India on Ethiopia by examining macro-level trade, investment and aid relation, and micro-level impacts on local micro and small-scale footwear producers. Both secondary and primary data were used. At macro level there are clear evidences of an increase in trade between Ethiopia on the one hand and China and India on the other, though the trade balance disfavours Ethiopia. China has displaced other countries as export destinations for Ethiopia. Similarly, the presence of China and India is also felt in the areas of investment and aid. At local level, Chinese imports of footwear have forced local enterprises to downsize their activity and lose assets and money. At the same time, however, firms have followed both the high road of competition (design and quality improvement, investment in machinery, product specialisation) and the low road of competition (lowering price and profit, reducing raw materials and inputs, and joining the informal sector) to withstand the impact of Chinese imports. The long-term effect of Chinese imports is to crowd out local efforts of using the sector as the basis for industrialisation. Government, non-government organisations and local producers should work together in order to withstand the negative impacts of footwear imports by raising the competitiveness of the local producers.	None	None	None
WoS	WOS:000292102000011	How has Government policy post-Global Strategy for Plant Conservation impacted on science? The Ethiopian perspective	Demissew, Sebsebe	2011	BOTANICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY	166	3	10.1111/j.1095-8339.2011.01154.x	Addis Ababa University	None	In this paper, existing relevant Ethiopian government biodiversity-related policies and strategies, and mandates of various institutions prior to GSPC targets, are reviewed. Response to whether or not institutions responded to GSPC targets as the result of new policies or rebranded their work to fit within the context of existing policies and adjust their outcomes to fit into the GSPC targets is provided. The Ethiopian national report of 2009 submitted to the Convention of Biological Diversity Secretariat is reviewed and gaps analysed. The policies of the Federal government (and implementing institutions) post-GSPC so far have had only a limited impact on science, but research institutions have aligned their outputs to fit with the GSPC targets. Suggestions, conclusions and recommendations are made in order to work effectively towards the realization of the GSPC targets beyond 2010 in Ethiopia. (C) 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 166, 310-325.	ETHIOPIA,"government biodiversity policies","GSPC targets"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84912023130	Performance improvement by scheduling techniques: A case of leather industry development institute	Habib A., Jilcha K., Berhan E.	2015	Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing	334	None	10.1007/978-3-319-13572-4_21	Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Habib, A., Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Jilcha, K., Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Berhan, E., Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The model leather products manufacturing factory of leather industry development institute (LIDI) suffers from poor performances due to various problems. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to improve the performance of the case company using scheduling techniques. Proper scheduling technique can result in dramatic improvements in layout, utilization, idle time, make span and tardiness reduction. The existing company performance and various another scenarios were analyzed by using different sequencing rules plus Johnson’s and Campbell’s algorithms. The analysis and discussion showed that the feasible scheduling was of flow shop and while product layout was seen most preferable that result in reduction of machine idle time &amp; make span by 3.00 &amp; 4.33 hours respectively. Total flow time was reduced by 82.9% and machine utilization was improved by 16.15% when compared with existing layout. Through production lines 1 or 2 of scenario-2 with the sequence of J1, J2, J3, J4 and J5, the company should make possible arrangements for such improvements. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.	Leather industry; Make-span; Manufacturing; Performance; Scheduling	Leather; Manufacture; Company performance; Leather industries; Machine utilization; Make-span; Manufacturing factories; Performance; Poor performance; Scheduling techniques; Scheduling	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951882580	Impacts of land certification on tenure security, investment, and land market participation: Evidence from Ethiopia	Deininger K., Ali D.A., Alemu T.	2011	Land Economics	87	2	None	Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Deininger, K., Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ali, D.A., Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Alemu, T., Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	While early attempts at land titling in Africa were often unsuccessful, factors such as new legislation, low-cost methods, and increasing demand for land have generated renewed interest. A four-period panel allows use of a pipeline and difference-indifferences approach to assess impacts of land registration in Ethiopia. We find that the program increased tenure security, land-related investment, and rental market participation and yielded benefits significantly above the cost of implementation. © 2011 by the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System.	None	certification; implementation process; land market; land registration; land tenure; rental sector; tenure system; Ethiopia	None
WoS	WOS:000301996000017	Impact of perinatal somatic and common mental disorder symptoms on functioning in Ethiopian women: The P-MaMiE population-based cohort study	Alem, Atalay,Araya, Mesfin,Dewey, Michael,Hanlon, Charlotte,Medhin, Girmay,Prince, Martin,Senturk, Vesile,Stewart, Robert	2012	JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS	136	3	10.1016/j.jad.2011.11.028	Addis Ababa University, Ankara University, Kings College London, University of London	"Alem, Atalay: Addis Ababa University","Araya, Mesfin: Addis Ababa University","Dewey, Michael: Kings College London","Dewey, Michael: University of London","Medhin, Girmay: Addis Ababa University","Prince, Martin: Kings College London","Prince, Martin: University of London","Stewart, Robert: Kings College London","Stewart, Robert: University of London",	Background: Little is known of the relationship between perinatal somatic and common mental disorder (CMD) symptoms and impaired functioning in women from settings where the burden of undernutrition and infectious disease morbidity is high. Methods: A population-based sample of 1065 women from Butajira, Ethiopia, was recruited in pregnancy (86.4% of those eligible) and reassessed two months postnatal (954 with singleton, live infants). At both time-points, women were administered a modified version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (locally-validated) to assess somatic and CMD symptoms, respectively. Negative binomial regression was used to investigate associations of CMD and somatic symptoms with functional impairment (World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Scale, version-II), after adjusting for maternal anthropometric measures, physical ill-health and sociodemographic factors. Results: In pregnancy, somatic and CMD symptoms were independently associated with worse maternal functional impairment after adjustment for confounders (WHODAS-II score multiplied by 1.09 (95%CI 1.06, 1.13) and 1.11 (95%CI 1.08, 1.14) respectively for each additional symptom). In the postnatal period, the size of association between somatic symptoms and functional impairment was diminished, but the association with CMD symptoms was virtually unchanged (multiplier value 1.04 (95%CI 1.00, 1.09) and 1.11 (95%CI 1.07, 1.16) respectively). Limitations: Use of largely self-report measures. Conclusions: Somatic and CMD symptoms were independently associated with functional impairment in both pregnancy and the postnatal period, with CMD symptoms showing a stronger and more consistent association. This emphasises the public health relevance of both CMD and somatic symptoms in the perinatal period. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	DEPRESSION,DISABILITY,POSTNATAL,PREGNANCY,"SOMATIC SYMPTOMS","SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA",CHILDBIRTH,COMPLAINTS,"GENERAL HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRE",GOA,INDIA,"MATERNAL DEPRESSION",POSTNATAL-DEPRESSION-SCALE,POSTPARTUM,RISK-FACTORS,VALIDATION	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891818187	Major causes of organ condemnation for cattle and its financial impact at Wolaita Soddo municipality abattoir, southern Ethiopia	Abunna F., Hordofa D.	2013	Global Veterinaria	11	6	10.5829/idosi.gv.2013.11.6.8142	Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Departement of Clinical Studies, P.O. Box, 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia; Hawassa University, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box, 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia	Abunna, F., Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Departement of Clinical Studies, P.O. Box, 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia; Hordofa, D., Hawassa University, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box, 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia	Abattoirs provide information on the epidemiology of the diseases in livestock, in order to know the extent of the exposure of the public to certain zoonotic diseases and to estimate the financial losses incurred through condemnation of affected organs. Tracing the records of the slaughter houses from November 2010 to February 2011 was done at Wolaita Soddo Municipal abattoir to determine the causes of organ condemnation and associated financial loss. Out of 953 cattle examined 378 (39.68%) livers, 244 (25.61%) lungs, 39 (4.09%) hearts, 30 (3.15%) kidneys and 14 (1.47%) spleens were condemned. The major causes of condemnation were fasciolosis (61.1%) and hydatidosis (12.17%) for liver; hydatid diseases (62.3%) and emphysema (8.61%) for lungs; unknown causes (33.33%), pericarditis (23.08%) and hydatid cyst (23.08%) for heart; unknown causes (26.67%) and calcification (23.33%) for kidneys and hydatidosis (64.29%) for spleen. Rate of condemnations due to parasitic causes was higher in the liver (29.07%) than in the lungs (15.95%). Parasitic diseases particularly fasciolosis and hydatidosis were the major causes of economic loss through condemnation of affected organs. The total annual economic loss incurred due to organs condemnation at the study area was estimated to be 24,340 ETB (24323.49 USD). The current result suggests that a thorough investigation that leads to disease control strategy is required to reduce the economic and public health consequences. © IDOSI Publications, 2013.	Abattoir; Cattle; Ethiopia; Organ condemnation; Wolaita soddo	None	None
WoS	WOS:000269490000010	The Impact of Agricultural Extension and Roads on Poverty and Consumption Growth in Fifteen Ethiopian Villages	Dercon, Stefan,Gilligan, Daniel O.,Hoddinott, John,Woldehanna, Tassew	2009	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS	91	4	10.1111/j.1467-8276.2009.01325.x	Addis Ababa University, International Food Policy Research Institute, University of Oxford	"Dercon, Stefan: University of Oxford","Hoddinott, John: International Food Policy Research Institute","Woldehanna, Tassew: Addis Ababa University"	This article investigates whether public investments that led to improvements in road quality and increased access to agricultural extension services led to faster consumption growth and lower rates of poverty in rural Ethiopia. Estimating an Instrumental Variables model using Generalized Methods of Moments and controlling for household fixed effects, we find evidence of positive impacts with meaningful magnitudes. Receiving at least one extension visit reduces headcount poverty by 9.8 percentage points and increases consumption growth by 7.1 percentage points. Access to all-weather roads reduces poverty by 6.9 percentage points and increases consumption growth by 16.3 percentage points. These results are robust to changes in model specification and estimation methods.	ETHIOPIA,EXTENSION,GROWTH,POVERTY,ROADS,PROGRAMS,"RURAL ETHIOPIA",SHOCKS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887043992	Reproductive performance of dairy cows under artificial insemination in south and northwest part of Ethiopia	Ali T., Lemma A., Yilma T.	2013	Livestock Research for Rural Development	25	11	None	Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, P.O.Box 34, Debrezeit, Ethiopia	Ali, T., Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, P.O.Box 34, Debrezeit, Ethiopia; Lemma, A., Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, P.O.Box 34, Debrezeit, Ethiopia; Yilma, T., Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, P.O.Box 34, Debrezeit, Ethiopia	A cross sectional study and retrospective data analysis were conducted to examine and characterize the reproductive practices and outcomes by location (district) and to identify cow factors that influence reproductive efficiency of dairy cows under artificial insemination (AI). Data were collected on reproductive events from 428 dairy farms in four districts from two regional states of Ethiopia. The overall mean age at first calving (AFC) was 34.8 (n=386) months, where it was significantly different across locations (districts). Mean days for calving to first service interval (CFSI) and calving to conception interval (CCI) were 222 (n=320) and 257(n=234), respectively. Even if breed and location differences had no effect on CFSI; CCI was significantly affected by location. Number of service per conception (NSC) for pregnant cows were 1.55 (n=234) and there was statistically significant difference (P<0.05) in the NSC between districts and between breeds. First service conception rate (FSCR) was 40.9% with significant difference (P<0.05) between location (districts) and breeds. Days after last calving (DALC) were 260.8 (n=331) and had significant difference between breeds. All the traits studied did not differ significantly (P>0.05) between parities. In Ethiopia, location and breed differences are still the major determinants of reproductive performance of dairy cows.	Breed; Calving to conception interval; Number of service per conception; Parity; Region	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928138418	Land suitability evaluation to optimize land management of small-scale farms in the Gerado catchment, North-Eastern Ethiopia	Bahir A.L., Ahmed M.A., Antille D.L.	2015	Tropical Agriculture	92	1	None	Addis Ababa University, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; University of Southern Queensland, National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia	Bahir, A.L., Addis Ababa University, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ahmed, M.A., Addis Ababa University, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Antille, D.L., University of Southern Queensland, National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia	Biophysical and socio-economic constraints and sub-optimal utilization of soil and water resources have resulted in progressive reduction of land productivity in Ethiopia. This study investigated the suitability of land mapping units of the Gerado catchment for subsistence rainfed cultivation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), maize (Zea mays L.) and teff (Eragrostis tef Zucc.). A land resource survey was conducted and it identified nine different land mapping units (LMU). The FAO maximum limitation method was used to assess LMU and determine land suitability subclasses. The study indicated that soil erosion, soil wetness, soil fertility status, and soil workability were the main limiting factors affecting land quality within the catchment. We suggest that drainage using traditional ditches may be a cost-effective method to reduce the incidence of waterlogging conditions. Long-term fertility management requires the implementation of suitable fertilization programs that consider the use of organic materials such as manure and compost. Such programs need to account for nutrient budgets over the entire crop rotation to maximize use efficiency and minimize environmental losses. Soil erosion may be mitigated through stone terracing, soil bunding and by adopting a more conservative approach to agriculture, that is, by matching land use with land capability based on the correct assessment of land suitability. Implementation of the proposed approach to optimizing land management in the Gerado catchment will deliver a range of socio-economic and agri-environmental benefits to the local communities. © 2015 Trop. Agric.	Environmental quality; Land capability; Land-use optimization; Small-scale farming; Sustainable soil management; Tropical rainfed subsistence-agriculture	Eragrostis tef; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70049096250	Study on reproductive activity and evaluation of breeding soundness of jacks (Equus asinus) in and around Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	Lemma A., Deressa B.	2009	Livestock Research for Rural Development	21	8	None	Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Studies, P. O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	Lemma, A., Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Studies, P. O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Deressa, B., Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Studies, P. O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	An evaluation of the reproductive performance and breeding soundness of jacks was carried out through a study on phenotypic traits (n=107), castrated jacks (n=22) and semen evaluation (n=3). Measurements including age, body condition score (BCS), body weight and testicular parameters were taken. Semen was collected using artificial vagina and was subjected to both gross and microscopic evaluation. The overall mean (±SD) BCS, age, and body weight for the jacks in the phenotypic study were 3.32±0.8, 11.1±4.7years, and 126 ±14.6kg, respectively. There was a significant difference (p&lt;0.05) in the mean scrotal circumference between the different BCS categories. A highly significant (p&lt;0.001) difference was observed in scrotal circumference among the different age groups with adult animals having the largest scrotal circumference. The mean (±SD) testis weight of the castrates was 276±33g while the ratio of testis weight to body weight was 1:2.1. A significant correlation was found between testis weight and scrotal circumference (r=0.43, p&lt;0.05), testis weight and BCS (r=0.47, p&lt; 0.05), and testis weight and body weight (r=0.81, p&lt;0.001). The mean (±SD) semen volume was 39.9±14.5ml. The mean (±SD) jell-free volume, motility and sperm concentration were 28.8±10.7ml, 85.4±8.6%, and 533 ± 33.1 x 106/ml, respectively. BCS, scrotal circumference and testis weight were significantly correlated to sperm concentration (p&lt;0.05; r=0.69; r=0.85 and 0.80, respectively). The mean time to erection was 3.3 minutes while length to semen collection was 5.4 minutes. The present study shows critical evaluation of the phenotypic traits to be important for stud selection and breeding soundness evaluation of jacks such as in artificial insemination.	Ethiopia; Jacks; Reproductive performance; Semen analysis; Testicular parameters	Animalia; Carangidae; Equus asinus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-22444447492	Breeding efficiency, lifetime lactation and calving performance of Friesian-Boran crossbred cows at Cheffa farm, Ethiopia	Goshu G.	2005	Livestock Research for Rural Development	17	7	None	Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	Goshu, G., Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	Records of 602 cows maintained at Cheffa farm from 1976 to 1997 were used to analyze the variables breeding efficiency, herd life, and effective productive herd life, number of parity completed, number of calves produced and lifetime milk yield. The fixed factors considered were four levels of Friesian inheritance, three levels of season of birth or calving, nine levels of parity and 21 levels of year. General Linear Model was used to estimate the effect of independent factors. The overall mean for breeding efficiency was 66.3±0.49 and affected significantly (P&lt;0.001) by all factors. The overall mean for herd life and effective productive herd life were 2858±57.3 and 1301±47.6 days, respectively. Level of Friesian inheritance and year of birth effected significantly (P&lt;0.001) both traits. The overall mean for initiated parity and number of calves produced were 4.23±0.12 and 3.58±0.13, respectively and affected (P&lt;0.001) by level of inheritance and birth year of the cow but not by season of birth. Lifetime milk yield was 12749±483kg and significantly affected (P&lt;0.001) by level of inheritance and year of birth. Season of birth did not affect the trait significantly. The study showed that the F1 and 3/4Friesian inheritance cows had performed better than 15/16 groups. Breeding efficiency and lifetime productivity can be improved by placing efficient reproduction, feeding and health management at the farm.	Breeding efficiency; Cattle; Crossbreeds; Herd life; Season	Bos taurus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34447278543	Effect of parity, season and year on reproductive performance and herd life of Friesian cows at Stella private dairy farm, Ethiopia	Gebeyehu G., Belihu K., Berihun A.	2007	Livestock Research for Rural Development	19	7	None	Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 34, Debre Ziet, Ethiopia	Gebeyehu, G., Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 34, Debre Ziet, Ethiopia; Belihu, K., Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 34, Debre Ziet, Ethiopia; Berihun, A., Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 34, Debre Ziet, Ethiopia	A retrospective study was carried out at Stella Dairy Farm, Ethiopia, using 13 years data (1993 to 2006) to estimate number of services per conception (NSC), days open (DO), calving interval (CI), herd life (HL), number of lactations (NL) and productive age (PA). Fixed factors considered were parity (8+), season (3) and year (13). Data were analysed using the General Linear Model of SAS. Cumulative frequency (%) was used to study the distributions of DO and CI. The overall mean for NSC, DO and CI were 1.720±0.056 (n=619), 177±5.4 (n=448) days and 456±5.4 (n= 423) days, respectively. Parity had significant effect on NSC (P<0.05) DO and CI (P<0.001). Seasons of conception had no effect on the parameters studied. The overall means (n=105) for HL, NL, and PA were 3048±107days, 3.88±0.23 and 1753±106 days, respectively. Birth year significantly affected the variables. About a third of the heats inseminated required two or more services. About 47% of the DO and 58% of the CI had a length of 130 and 450 days or more, respectively. To improve the efficiency of reproductive performances and herd life, it is recommended to give attention in heat detection, timely insemination, adequate feeding, proper management of postpartum reproductive problems and early growth management of heifers.	Ethiopia; Fixed factors; Friesian; Herd life; Reproductive performance; Stella farm	Friesia	None
WoS	WOS:000263496700006	Impact of antenatal common mental disorders upon perinatal outcomes in Ethiopia: the P-MaMiE population-based cohort study	Abdulahi, Abdulreshid,Alem, Atalay,Araya, Mesfin,Dewey, Michael,Hanlon, Charlotte,Hughes, Marcus,Lakew, Zufan,Medhin, Girmay,Patel, Vikram,Prince, Martin,Tesfaye, Fikru,Tomlinson, Mark,Worku, Bogale	2009	TROPICAL MEDICINE &amp; INTERNATIONAL HEALTH	14	2	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02198.x	Addis Ababa University, Kings College London, University of London, MRC, UK & Sangath Ctr	"Abdulahi, Abdulreshid: Addis Ababa University","Alem, Atalay: Addis Ababa University","Araya, Mesfin: Addis Ababa University","Dewey, Michael: Kings College London","Dewey, Michael: University of London","Hughes, Marcus: Kings College London","Hughes, Marcus: University of London","Lakew, Zufan: Addis Ababa University","Medhin, Girmay: Kings College London","Medhin, Girmay: University of London","Prince, Martin: Kings College London","Prince, Martin: University of London","Tesfaye, Fikru: Addis Ababa University","Worku, Bogale: Addis Ababa University",	To examine the impact of antenatal psychosocial stressors, including maternal common mental disorders (CMD), upon low birth weight, stillbirth and neonatal mortality, and other perinatal outcomes in rural Ethiopia. A population-based sample of 1065 pregnant women was assessed for symptoms of antenatal CMD (Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20: SRQ-20), stressful life events during pregnancy (List of Threatening Experiences: LTE) and worry about the forthcoming delivery. In a sub-sample of 654 women from six rural sub-districts, neonatal birth weight was measured on 521 (79.7%) singleton babies within 48 h of delivery. Information about other perinatal outcomes was obtained shortly after birth from the mother's verbal report and via the Demographic Surveillance System. After adjusting for potential confounders, none of the psychosocial stressors were associated with lower mean birth weight, stillbirth or neonatal mortality. Increasing levels of antenatal CMD symptoms were associated both with prolonged labour (&gt; 24 h) (SRQ 1-5: RR 1.4; 95% CI 1.0-1.9, SRQ &gt;= 6: RR 1.6; 95% CI 1.0-2.6) and delaying initiation of breast-feeding more than eight hours (SRQ 1-5: RR 1.4; 95% CI 0.8 to 2.4, SRQ &gt;= 6: RR 2.8; 95% CI 1.3-6.1). Worry about delivery was also associated with labour longer than 24 h (RR 1.5; 95% CI 1.0-2.1). This study provides preliminary evidence of important public health consequences of poor maternal mental health in low-income countries but does not replicate the strong association with low birth weight found in South Asia.	"birth weight","BREAST FEEDING","MENTAL DISORDER","obstetric labour complications",PREGNANCY,"SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA",ANXIETY,ASSOCIATION,INDIA,"INFANT GROWTH",INITIATION,LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT,"MATERNAL DEPRESSION",MORBIDITY,NUTRITIONAL-STATUS,PREGNANCY	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-28944434103	Reproductive performances of Fogera cattle and their Friesian crosses in Andassa ranch, Northwestern Ethiopia	Gebeyehu G., Asmare A., Asseged B.	2005	Livestock Research for Rural Development	17	12	None	Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Mekelle University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia	Gebeyehu, G., Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Asmare, A., Mekelle University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Asseged, B., Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	A study was conducted in Andassa Cattle Breeding and Improvement Ranch (ACBIR), northwestern Ethiopia, with the aims of assessing the reproductive performance of Fogera cattle and their Friesian crosses. The study involved the use of data compiled on record books and individual animal cards, and monitoring. General Linear Model (GLM) was used to analyze the data. The overall mean age at first service (AFS), number of services per-conception (NSC) and days open (DO) were 40.6±8 months, 1.62±0.1 and 305±10 days respectively. AFS was significantly affected by breed group; NSC and DO were significantly affected by parity of the cows; whereas season of birth/calving does not seem to have a significant effect on any of the traits measured. Although wide variations were recorded among study subjects, the performance of the breed (and the crosses) was low indicating that poor management prevails in the center. The wide ranges of values recorded, however, create an avenue to improve the performance of the breed or its crosses through rigorous selection procedures.	Crossbred; Fogera; Friesian; Parity; Season	Animalia; Bos taurus	None
WoS	WOS:000273194900009	Health professionals' attitudes and misconceptions regarding podoconiosis: potential impact on integration of care in southern Ethiopia	Davey, Gail,Deribe, Kebede,Yakob, Bereket	2010	TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE	104	1	10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.07.021	Addis Ababa University, Fayyaa Integrated Dev Assoc	"Davey, Gail: Addis Ababa University","Yakob, Bereket: Addis Ababa University",	Offering long-term community care for patients with podoconiosis (endemic non-filarial elephantiasis) is challenging, and requires co-operation between patients and their families, the community and health care professionals. Health professionals who harbour misconceptions about podoconiosis or stigmatize patients are likely to deliver substandard services and propagate such attitudes within the community. In January 2007, we used a structured self-administered questionnaire to assess knowledge of and attitudes towards podoconiosis among 275 health professionals in public and private health institutions in southern Ethiopia. Nearly all (97.8%) health professionals held at least one significant misconception about the cause of podoconiosis, and 97.1% responded incorrectly to one or more questions about signs and symptoms of podoconiosis. Around half (53.9%) incorrectly considered podoconiosis to be an infectious disease and were afraid of acquiring podoconiosis while providing care. All (100%) held one or more stigmatizing attitudes towards people with podoconiosis. These high levels of misconceptions and stigmatizing attitudes suggest negative effects of health professionals, seriously undermining integration between themselves, patients and community partners. We recommend pre- and in-service training of health professionals to overcome these misconceptions, to diminish stigma and to improve integration among those offering community care of patients with podoconiosis. (c) 2009 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	ATTITUDE,"chronic care model",elephantiasis,ETHIOPIA,PODOCONIOSIS,STIGMA,ASSOCIATION,DISEASE,"ENDEMIC ELEPHANTIASIS","NON-FILARIAL ELEPHANTIASIS"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000332072800013	School-based intervention: evaluating the role of water, latrines and hygiene education on trachoma and intestinal parasitic infections in Ethiopia	Aboset, Nigusu,Berhane, Yemane,Gelaye, Bizu,Kumie, Abera,Williams, Michelle A.	2014	JOURNAL OF WATER SANITATION AND HYGIENE FOR DEVELOPMENT	4	1	10.2166/washdev.2013.060	Addis Ababa University, Harvard University, University of Washington, University of Washington Seattle, Addis Continental Inst Publ Hlth, Family Hlth Int	"Williams, Michelle A.: Harvard University",	We sought to evaluate the impact of a hygiene and sanitation intervention program among school-children to control active trachoma and intestinal parasitic infections. This longitudinal epidemiologic study was conducted among 630 students in rural Ethiopia. Baseline and follow-up surveys were conducted to evaluate the impact of a three-pronged intervention program: (i) construction of ventilated improved pit latrines; (ii) provision of clean drinking water; and (iii) hygiene education. Socio-demographic information was collected using a structured questionnaire. Presence of trachoma and intestinal parasitic infections were evaluated using standard procedures. At baseline, 15% of students had active trachoma, while 6.7% of them were found to have active trachoma post-intervention (p &lt; 0.001). Similar improvements were noted for parasitic infections. At baseline, 7% of students were reported to have helminthic infections and 30.2% protozoa infections. However, only 4% of students had any helminthic infection and 13.4% (p &lt; 0.001) of them were found to have any protozoa infection during follow-up surveys. Improvements were also noted in students' knowledge and attitudes towards hygiene and sanitation. In summary, the results of our study demonstrated that provision of a comprehensive and targeted sanitation intervention program was successful in reducing the burden of trachoma and intestinal parasitic infection among schoolchildren.	ETHIOPIA,INTERVENTION,"PARASITIC INFECTION",SANITATION,SCHOOL,TRACHOMA,"ACTIVE TRACHOMA",ALBENDAZOLE,CHILDREN,DISTRICT,EFFICACY,PREVALENCE,PROMOTION,RISK-FACTORS,"SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS",TANZANIA	None	None
WoS	WOS:000282333200023	Interim report: Review of evidence of the health impact of famine in Ethiopia	Mariam, D. Haile,Murray, V.,Taye, A.	2010	PERSPECTIVES IN PUBLIC HEALTH	130	5	10.1177/1757913910379197	Addis Ababa University, Hlth Protect Agcy	"Mariam, D. Haile: Addis Ababa University",	Historical accounts of famines in Ethiopia go as far back as the 9th century, however, evidence on its impact on health only started to emerge from the 15th century onwards. Unfortunately, famine has been endemic in Ethiopia in the last few decades. The 1973 famine is reported to have claimed over 300,000 lives. In 1985 approximately 10 million people were reported to be starving, with approximately 300,000 already dead and about 1,000 dying daily. In the following years, droughts leading to food shortage have had local and national adverse health effects, in particular in 1999/2000. This paper describes the initial findings of a literature review of evidence on the health impact of droughts leading to famine in Ethiopia and highlights gaps in knowledge. The key finding, thus far, is the marked paucity of health impact data. This review also highlights the fact that adverse health impacts of famines are probably complex and long lasting. Interpretation of any health impact data is difficult as there are few baseline data to compare. Health effects also impact livelihoods. Livelihood disruption following famine does not just affect one generation but also subsequent generations. Surveillance systems are needed so that records of the health impacts of a drought that leads to famine can inform action. With climate change bringing increased likelihood of drought and famine in some parts of the world, the findings of this review could be beneficial not just for Ethiopia but also elsewhere.	DROUGHT,ETHIOPIA,FAMINE,"health impacts",SURVEILLANCE,CRISIS,DROUGHT,MORTALITY,NUTRITION,PROVINCE,SUDAN	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548414867	Cape Town and the two oceans marathon: The impact of sport tourism	Kotze N.	2006	Urban Forum	17	3	10.1007/s12132-006-0013-8	Department of Geography, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Kotze, N., Department of Geography, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	None	None
WoS	WOS:000295110800006	Long-Term Impact of Residual Symptoms in Treatment-Resistant Depression	Cleare, Anthony J.,Fekadu, Abebaw,Markopoulou, Kalypso,Poon, Lucia,Rane, Lena J.,Wooderson, Sarah C.	2011	CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE	56	9	None	Addis Ababa University, Kings College London, University of London, S London & Maudsley Natl Hlth Serv Trust, South London & Maudsley NHS Trust	None	Objective: Although commonly encountered, little work has defined the longitudinal course of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and the influence of residual posttreatment symptoms on longer-term outcome. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of posttreatment clinical states on longer-term outcome. Method: Patients (n = 118) with TRD received specialist inpatient treatment and were followed-up for a median of 3 years. Longitudinal outcome dichotomized into good and poor outcome was used as the primary outcome and functional measures were used as secondary outcomes. Results: Among 118 treated patients, 40 (34%) entered clinical remission, 36 (31%) entered partial remission, and 42 (37%) remained in episode at discharge. At follow-up, 35% had longitudinally defined poor outcome. Posttreatment clinical status was the main predictor of both poor and good outcome. Nearly 50% of patients achieved postdischarge recovery, and subsequently had longer-term outcome, comparable with patients discharged in remission. Patients who remained in episode posttreatment were more symptomatically and functionally impaired. Conclusion: Posttreatment clinical states are a useful guide to clinicians for projecting the longer-term outcome of patients with TRD. The persistence of residual or syndromal symptoms predicts a poorer longer-term outcome, whereas treatment to remission is associated with better outcomes.	COURSE,"FOLLOW-UP STUDY",OUTCOME,"treatment-refractory depression","treatment-resistant depression",FOLLOW-UP,IMIPRAMINE,ISSUES,"MAJOR DEPRESSION",OUTCOMES,"PARTIAL REMISSION",RATING-SCALE,RECURRENCE,RELAPSE,STAR-ASTERISK-D	None	None
WoS	WOS:000258977600014	The economic impact of HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality on households in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Araya, T.,Davey, G.,Mariam, D. Haile,Reniers, G.,Tekola, F.	2008	AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV	20	8	10.1080/09540120701777256	Addis Ababa University, University of Colorado Boulder, University of Colorado System, University of Witwatersrand	"Araya, T.: Addis Ababa University","Davey, G.: Addis Ababa University","Mariam, D. Haile: Addis Ababa University","Tekola, F.: Addis Ababa University",	The present study investigates whether the household-level economic impact of an adult AIDS death is different from that of death from another cause. The data come from cross-sectional post-mortem interviews (verbal autopsies) with relatives or primary caregivers of deceased adults randomly selected from deaths recorded in an ongoing burial surveillance in Addis Ababa. Our analyses consist of three parts. First, we assess the sociodemographic risk factors for AIDS mortality. Subsequently, we reverse the causal order of this relationship and carry out an analysis of the effect of AIDS mortality on the subjective experience of change in the household's financial situation following the death of a household member. Finally, we quantify the direct and indirect costs of illness and death on the household. Results indicate that households experiencing an HIV/AIDS death are poorer than those experiencing a non-HIV/AIDS death. In addition, poorer households experience a greater decline in socioeconomic status following death of a household member. AIDS mortality has more detrimental effects on the household economic status than deaths due to other causes. While the difference between AIDS and non-AIDS mortality in terms of direct costs is minimal, the indirect cost of an AIDS death per household exceeds that of non-AIDS death by 58%. In conclusion, poor households are more likely to experience an AIDS death and in turn are more vulnerable to the socioeconomic impact of death. Therefore, it is justifiable to target HIV-impact mitigation programs on poorer households.	"Addis Ababa",ETHIOPIA,HIV/AIDS,MORBIDITY,MORTALITY,"socioeconomic impact",AFRICA,AIDS,EXPENDITURE,HIV-INFECTION,RISK,SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS	None	None
WoS	WOS:000345469000029	The impact of introducing new vaccines on the health system: Case studies from six low- and middle-income countries	Burchett, Helen E. D.,Chavez, Enrique,Edengue, Jean-Marie,Gelmon, Lawrence,Griffiths, Ulla K.,Kitaw, Yayehirad,Konate, Mamadou,Lagarde, Mylene,Mills, Anne,Molla, Mitike,Mounier-Jack, Sandra,Ongolo-Zogo, Pierre,Onyango-Ouma, Washington,Rulisa, Stephen,Torr	2014	VACCINE	33	49	10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.09.032	Addis Ababa University, University of London, University of Manitoba, University of Nairobi, University of Rwanda, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Minist Hlth, Yaounde Cent Hosp	"Burchett, Helen E. D.: University of London","Griffiths, Ulla K.: University of London","Lagarde, Mylene: University of London","Mills, Anne: University of London","Molla, Mitike: Addis Ababa University","Mounier-Jack, Sandra: University of London","Onyango-Ouma, Washington: University of Nairobi","Rulisa, Stephen: University of Rwanda","Torres-Rueda, Sergio: University of London",	Objective: We aimed to explore the impacts of new vaccine introductions on immunization programmes and health systems in low- and middle-income countries. Methods: We conducted case studies of seven vaccine introductions in six countries (Cameroon, PCV; Ethiopia, PCV; Guatemala, rotavirus; Kenya, PCV; Mali, Meningitis A; Mali, PCV; Rwanda, HPV). Interviews were conducted with 261 national, regional and district key informants and questionnaires were completed with staff from 196 health facilities. Routine data from districts and health facilities were gathered on vaccination and antenatal service use. Data collection and analysis were structured around the World Health Organisation health system building blocks. Findings: The new vaccines were viewed positively and seemed to integrate well into existing health systems. The introductions were found to have had no impact on many elements within the building blocks framework. Despite many key informants and facility respondents perceiving that the new vaccine introductions had increased coverage of other vaccines, the routine data showed no change. Positive effects perceived included enhanced credibility of the immunisation programme and strengthened health workers' skills through training. Negative effects reported included an increase in workload and stock outs of the new vaccine, which created a perception in the community that all vaccines were out of stock in a facility. Most effects were found within the vaccination programmes; very few were reported on the broader health systems. Effects were primarily reported to be temporary, around the time of introduction only. Conclusion: Although the new vaccine introductions were viewed as intrinsically positive, on the whole there was no evidence that they had any major impact, positive or negative, on the broader health systems. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).	"HEALTH SYSTEMS","immunisation programmes",INTRODUCTIONS,"new vaccines",AFRICA,"ELIMINATION ACTIVITIES",IMMUNIZATION,MEASLES,"POLIO ERADICATION",PROGRAM	None	None
WoS	WOS:000343734600001	Learning from developing countries in strengthening health systems: an evaluation of personal and professional impact among global health volunteers at Addis Ababa University's Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (Ethiopia)	Aboneh, Ephrem A.,Busse, Heidi,Tefera, Girma	2014	GLOBALIZATION AND HEALTH	10	None	10.1186/s12992-014-0064-x	Addis Ababa University, University of Wisconsin Madison, University of Wisconsin System	"Aboneh, Ephrem A.: Addis Ababa University","Busse, Heidi: University of Wisconsin Madison","Busse, Heidi: University of Wisconsin System","Tefera, Girma: University of Wisconsin Madison","Tefera, Girma: University of Wisconsin System"	Background: The positive impact of global health activities by volunteers from the United States in low-and middle-income countries has been recognized. Most existing global health partnerships evaluate what knowledge, ideas, and activities the US institution transferred to the low-or middle-income country. However, what this fails to capture are what kinds of change happen to US-based partners due to engagement in global health partnerships, both at the individual and institutional levels. "Reverse innovation" is the term that is used in global health literature to describe this type of impact. The objectives of this study were to identify what kinds of impact global partnerships have on health volunteers from developed countries, advance this emerging body of knowledge, and improve understanding of methods and indicators for assessing reverse innovation. Methods: The study population consisted of 80 US, Canada, and South Africa-based health care professionals who volunteered at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital in Ethiopia. Surveys were web-based and included multiple choice and open-ended questions to assess global health competencies. The data were analyzed using IBRM SPSS (R) version 21 for quantitative analysis; the open-ended responses were coded using constant comparative analysis to identify themes. Results: Of the 80 volunteers, 63 responded (79 percent response rate). Fifty-two percent of the respondents were male, and over 60 percent were 40 years of age and older. Eighty-three percent reported they accomplished their trip objectives, 95 percent would participate in future activities and 96 percent would recommend participation to other colleagues. Eighty-nine percent reported personal impact and 73 percent reported change on their professional development. Previous global health experience, multiple prior trips, and the desire for career advancement were associated with positive impact on professional development. Conclusion: Professionally and personally meaningful learning happens often during global health outreach. Understanding this impact has important policy, economic, and programmatic implications. With the aid of improved monitoring and evaluation frameworks, the simple act of attempting to measure "reverse innovation" may represent a shift in how global health partnerships are perceived, drawing attention to the two-way learning and benefits that occur and improving effectiveness in global health partnership spending.	Africa,COLLABORATION,"global health","Health systems partnership","reverse innovation","Twinning partnership",PARTNERSHIPS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879830246	Evaluation of the prevalence, progression and severity of common adverse reactions (Lipodystrophy, CNS, peripheral neuropathy, and hypersensitivity reactions) associated with Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) and anti-tuberculosis treatment in outpatients in	Nemaura T., Dhoro M., Nhachi C., Kadzirange G., Chonzi P., Masimirembwa C.	2013	Journal of AIDS and Clinical Research	4	4	10.4172/2155-6113.1000203	African Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, P.O. Box 2294, Harare, Zimbabwe; College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe; Department of Health, Harare City Council, Zimbabwe	Nemaura, T., African Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, P.O. Box 2294, Harare, Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe; Dhoro, M., African Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, P.O. Box 2294, Harare, Zimbabwe; Nhachi, C., College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe; Kadzirange, G., College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe; Chonzi, P., Department of Health, Harare City Council, Zimbabwe; Masimirembwa, C., African Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, P.O. Box 2294, Harare, Zimbabwe	Introduction: The use of many anti-retroviral drugs has been associated with a myriad of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) which could limit successful treatment outcome with respect to patient compliance and quality of life. An additional consideration is the high incidence of HIV infection with tuberculosis (TB) in Southern Africa, including Zimbabwe, and the use of co-treatment regimens. Methods: The study is a cross sectional, case-control study of 433 out-patients conducted at two hospitals in Zimbabwe. The patients were profiled for adverse reactions namely central nervous system side-effects (CNS), lipodystrophy (LD), skin hypersensitivity (SH), and peripheral neuropathy (PN). Assignment of the case and the control status of a patient was done based on occurrence of these adverse drug reactions in each of the HIV/AIDS only, TB only and HIV/TB co-infection patient groups. Results: Among the HIV/AIDS only treatment group (n= 240), the incidences of major ADRs were PN (63%), LD (38%), CNS (29%) and SH (21%). In the TB only treatment group (n=92), the major ADRs were PN (49%), CNS (29%), and SH (14%). In the HIV-TB co-treatment group (n=98), the major ADRs were PN (64%), CNS (39%), LD (6%) and SH (18%). A significant number of females were on alternate first line treatment that has no stavudine as compared to males (OR=1.98, CI (1.1, 3.59); p=0.03). Occurrence of CNS adverse drug reactions were more associated with patients on efavirenz than other HIV-drug combinations (43% vs. 17%, p<0.00001). Conclusion: The use of anti-retroviral drugs and anti-TB drugs is associated with very high incidences of adverse drug reactions. There is therefore need to understand the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic mechanisms of these ADRs so as to identify patients at risk and to provide guidelines for the choice of drug and dosage to ensure safe and efficacious treatment outcomes. © 2013 Nemaura T, et al.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864538166	School types, facilities and academic performance of students in senior secondary schools in Ondo State, Nigeria	Alimi O.S., Ehinola G.B., Alabi F.O.	2012	International Education Studies	5	3	10.5539/ies.v5n3p44	Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria	Alimi, O.S., Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria; Ehinola, G.B., Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria; Alabi, F.O., Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria	The study investigated the influence of school types and facilities on students' academic performance in Ondo State. It was designed to find out whether facilities and students' academic performance are related in private and public secondary schools respectively. Descriptive survey design was used. Proportionate random sampling technique was used to select 50 schools in Ondo state. Two set of research instruments named School Facility Descriptive and Students Academic Performance Questionnaire (SFDAPQ) for principals; and School Facility Descriptive Questionnaire (SFDQ) for the teachers were used for the study. T- test was used to analyze the data. All hypotheses were tested at a significant level of 0.05. The study revealed a significant difference in facilities available in public and private schools in Ondo State. It however revealed no significant difference in academic performance of students in the two types of secondary schools. Suggestions for the procurement of more facilities in public secondary schools were made in order to enhance students' academic performance.	Measure of effectiveness; Physical facilities; School types; Social wastage; Students performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892548336	External debt management techniques: An evaluation of the debt conversion programme on Nigeria economy	Henry O.A.	2013	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	4	10	10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n10p216	Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Department of Economics, School of Arts and Social Sciences, Nigeria	Henry, O.A., Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Department of Economics, School of Arts and Social Sciences, Nigeria	The study evaluated the various debt conversion programme used by the Federal Government of Nigeria to manage the nation's external debt. It examines the problems and prospects of management techniques with a view to improving on them or possibly suggests new techniques which might be helpful in solving the external debt problem. Therefore, the research is focused on the external debt management techniques in Nigeria, with emphasis on the efforts of the central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the federal ministry of finance (FMF). Generally, the indebtedness of the country becomes a problem when the burden of servicing the debt becomes so heavy and unbearable that it imposes intolerable constraints on the economy and on the development efforts of the authorities. Managing the debt stock without stultifying growth has always has always been the headache of economic planners in Nigeria and other developing countries The pupation of this study constitutes the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the Federal Ministry of Finance (FMF) records and personnel, the sample used is the representative sample. This is because the sample reflects the conditions existing in the population. A total of 20 top management personnel of both the CBN and FMF including 5 top management personnel of the Debt Conversion Committee (DCC) were sampled. In this study, two types of data were collected that is, the secondary data and the primary data. In designing the instrument, care has been taken to ensure its effectiveness, the validity of the research questions were established found reliable at r = 0.82. The result showed that the management of Nigeria's external debt via debt conversion programme is effective(χ2cal 6.545 &gt; χ2tab value of 1.635;df=4; =0.05).Also, the Nigeria's debt conversion programme is realistic. (χ2cal 4.655 &gt; χ2tab 1.635;df=4; =0.05). However, the study revealed that the debt conversion programme is not the final solution to Nigeria's external debt problems. (χ2cal 4.655 &gt; χ2tab 1.635; df=4; =0.05). On the basis of the findings, it is therefore recommended that the debt management should be part of the macroeconomic policies of the month. The nation need not wait until there is a debt crisis before embarking on debt management. Also, accurate information on external debts should be sourced as this aids its efficient management on a day-to-day basis and external borrowing strategies in the planning framework.	Closed system; Commercial debt; Debt conversion; Debt management; Jumbo loan	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78651456579	Psychological Constructs and Academic Performance at the National Open University of Nigeria: Counseling and Planning Implications	Nelson Adewole I., Olajide Olawole A., Maruff Akinwale O., Akinola Gbadebo A.	2010	European Journal of Social Sciences	18	1	None	Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Lagos, Nigeria; Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo, Nigeria	Nelson Adewole, I., Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Lagos, Nigeria; Olajide Olawole, A., Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo, Nigeria; Maruff Akinwale, O., Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Lagos, Nigeria; Akinola Gbadebo, A., Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Lagos, Nigeria	The recognition of the importance of distance education in providing students with the best and most up-to-date educational resources available in addition to the traditional teaching methods that they receive has led to rapid transformation of several traditional Universities from single mode to dual mode ones. With the growth and acceptance of distance education, it is important to ensure the success of students in the programme. This study therefore aimed at providing a causal explanation of distance learners' academic performance through the analysis of some students' psychological variables.The descriptive research design of the 'ex-post facto' type was adopted for the study. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 1500 participants while purposive sampling technique was adopted to select the National Open University of Nigeria. Data were collected through three validated and reliable questionnaires. Two research questions were raised and answered with the aid of multiple regression analysis. The three psychological variables had joint contribution of 15.6% to academic performance. The order of importance of these variables to the prediction of academic performance is self-regulation, self-efficacy and self-concept respectively. Only self-regulations made significant contribution to academic performance. Students should endeavour to inculcate good selfregulations skills.	Academic performance; Distance learning; Psychological variables	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-23744470700	Bread making quality evaluation of Ethiopian wheat cultivars using direct and indirect measures of quality traits	Dessalegn T., Labuschagne M.T., Van Deventer C.S.	2005	Cereal Research Communications	33	42403	None	Adet Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 08, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O.Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Dessalegn, T., Adet Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 08, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Labuschagne, M.T., Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O.Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Van Deventer, C.S., Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O.Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	The bread making quality of Ethiopian cultivars was studied using 18 quality traits at low and high protein environments. Significant variation was observed between genotypes with a broad range of milling, rheological and baking traits. Three different quality prediction models were constructed explaining 48% to 73% of the variation of mixing time and loaf volume, respectively. SDS-sedimentation alone accounted for 56% of the variation in loaf volume at the high protein environment. The variation of mixing time due to protein content alone was 37% at the low protein environment. SDS-sedimentation and mixograph mixing time were common in the three models. SDS-sedimentation, protein content and mixing time can be used as selection criteria in breeding programs where resources are limited. Hectoliter weight and grain weight also contributed to the variation of loaf volume and mixing time.	Loaf volume; Quality; Wheat	Triticum aestivum; Triticum aethiopicum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871357624	Ground-based in situ measurements of near-surface aerosol mass concentration over Anantapur: Heterogeneity in source impacts	Reddy B.S.K., Kumar K.R., Balakrishnaiah G., Gopal K.R., Reddy R.R., Sivakumar V., Arafath S.M., Lingaswamy A.P., Pavankumari S., Umadevi K., Ahammed Y.N.	2013	Advances in Atmospheric Sciences	30	1	10.1007/s00376-012-1234-5	Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India; Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkoido University, Sapporo, 0600819, Japan; School of Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Department of Physics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516003, India	Reddy, B.S.K., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India, Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkoido University, Sapporo, 0600819, Japan; Kumar, K.R., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India, School of Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Balakrishnaiah, G., Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Gopal, K.R., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India; Reddy, R.R., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India; Sivakumar, V., School of Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Arafath, S.M., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India; Lingaswamy, A.P., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India; Pavankumari, S., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India; Umadevi, K., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India; Ahammed, Y.N., Department of Physics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516003, India	Surface measurements of aerosol physical properties were made at Anantapur (14.62°N, 77.65°E, 331 m a. s. l), a semiarid rural site in India, during August 2008-July 2009. Measurements included the segregated sizes of aerosolsas as well as total mass concentration and size distributions of aerosols measured at low relative humidity (RH&lt;75%) using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) in the 25-0.05 μm aerodynamic diameter range. The hourly average total surface aerosol mass concentration in a day varied from 15 to 70 μg m-3, with a mean value of 34.02±9.05 μg m-3 for the entire study period. A clear diurnal pattern appeared in coarse, accumulation and nucleation-mode particle concentrations, with two local maxima occurring in early morning and late evening hours. The concentration of coarse-mode particles was high during the summer season, with a maximum concentration of 11.81±0.98 μg m-3 in the month of April, whereas accumulationmode concentration was observed to be high in the winter period contributed &gt;68% to the total aerosol mass concentration. Accumulation aerosol mass fraction, Af (= Ma/Mt) was highest during winter (mean value of Af ~ 0.80) and lowest (Af ~ 0.64) during the monsoon season. The regression analysis shows that both Reff and Rm are dependent on coarse-mode aerosols. The relationship between the simultaneous measurements of daily mean aerosol optical depth at 500 nm (AOD500) and PM2.5 mass concentration ([PM2.5]) shows that surface-level aerosol mass concentration increases with the increase in columnar aerosol optical depth over the observation period. © 2012 Chinese National Committee for International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	aerosols mass concentration; backward trajectories; effective radius; size distribution	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58149459606	Biotribological evaluation of artificial disc arthroplasty devices: Influence of loading and kinematic patterns during in vitro wear simulation	Grupp T.M., Yue J.J., Garcia Jr. R., Basson J., Schwiesau J., Fritz B., Blömer W.	2009	European Spine Journal	18	1	10.1007/s00586-008-0840-5	Aesculap AG Research and Development, Tuttlingen, Germany; Ludwig Maximilian University, Clinic for Orthopaedic Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Munich, Germany; Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Orthopedic Care Center, Aventura, FL, United States; 6o of Freedom, Cape Town, South Africa; Biomechanical Research Laboratory, Aesculap AG Research and Development, Am Aesculap-Platz, 78532 Tuttlingen, Germany	Grupp, T.M., Aesculap AG Research and Development, Tuttlingen, Germany, Ludwig Maximilian University, Clinic for Orthopaedic Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Munich, Germany, Biomechanical Research Laboratory, Aesculap AG Research and Development, Am Aesculap-Platz, 78532 Tuttlingen, Germany; Yue, J.J., Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Garcia Jr., R., Orthopedic Care Center, Aventura, FL, United States; Basson, J., 6o of Freedom, Cape Town, South Africa; Schwiesau, J., Aesculap AG Research and Development, Tuttlingen, Germany; Fritz, B., Aesculap AG Research and Development, Tuttlingen, Germany; Blömer, W., Aesculap AG Research and Development, Tuttlingen, Germany	Wear simulation is an essential pre-clinical method to predict the mid- and long-term clinical wear behavior of newly introduced devices for total disc arthroplasty. The main requirement of a suitable method for spinal wear simulation has to be the ability to distinguish between design concepts and allow for a direct comparison of predicate devices. The objective of our study was to investigate the influence of loading and kinematic patterns based on two different protocols for spinal wear simulation (ISO/FDIS 18192-1 (2006) and ASTM F2423-05). In vitro wear simulation was performed with six activ ® L lumbar artificial disc devices (Aesculap Tuttlingen, Germany). The applied kinematic pattern of movement was multidirectional for ISO (elliptic track) and unidirectional with a curvilinear shape for ASTM. Testing was done for 10 million cycles in the ISO loading mode and afterwards with the same specimens for 5 million cycles according to the ASTM protocol with a customized six-station servohydraulic spinal wear simulator (EndoLab Thansau, Germany). Gravimetrical and geometrical wear assessment, a slide track analysis correlated to an optical surface characterization, and an estimation of particle size and morphology were performed. The gravimetric wear rate for the first 10 million cycles was ISOinitial = 2.7 ± 0.3 mg/million cycles. During the ASTM test period (10-15 million cycles) a gravimetric wear rate of 0.14 ± 0.06 mg/million cycles was estimated. The wear rates between the ISO and ASTM driven simulations differ substantially (approximately 20-fold) and statistical analysis demonstrates a significant difference (p &lt; 0.001) between the test groups. The main explanation of divergency between ISO and ASTM driven wear simulations is the multidirectional pattern of movement described in the ISO document resulting in a cross-shear stress on the polyethylene material. Due to previous retrieval observations, it seems to be very unlikely that a lumbar artificial disc is loaded with a linear wear path.Testing according to ASTM F2423-05 with pure unidirectional motion does not reflect the kinematics of TDA patients' daily activities. Based on our findings it seems to be more reliable to predict the clinical wear behavior of an artificial disc replacement using the ISO/FDIS 18192-1 method. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.	Lumbar total disc arthroplasty; Particle analysis; Pattern of movement; Wear simulation	polyethylene; arthroplasty; article; daily life activity; device; geometry; gravimetry; kinematics; lumbar spine; mechanical stress; methodology; morphology; particle size; priority journal; shear stress; simulation; Arthroplasty, Replacement; Biomechanics; Compressive Strength; Intervertebral Disk; Joint Prosthesis; Materials Testing; Polyethylene; Stress, Mechanical; Weight-Bearing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880115352	Effect of feeding Prosopis juliflora pods and leaves on performance and carcass characteristics of Afar sheep	Ali A.S., Tudsri S., Rungmekarat S., Kaewtrakulpong K.	2012	Kasetsart Journal - Natural Science	46	6	None	Afar Pastoral and Agro-pastoral Research Institute, Afar Region, Samara 16, Ethiopia; Department of Agronomy, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Department of Farm Mechanics, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand	Ali, A.S., Afar Pastoral and Agro-pastoral Research Institute, Afar Region, Samara 16, Ethiopia; Tudsri, S., Department of Agronomy, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Rungmekarat, S., Department of Agronomy, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Kaewtrakulpong, K., Department of Farm Mechanics, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand	Twenty Afar male sheep with initial mean body weight ± SD of 17.87 ± 1.19 kg were used to evaluate the effect of replacing commercial feed with Prosopis juliflora pods and leaves on growth performance, carcass and meat quality characteristics. Animals were equally divided into four dietary treatment groups for 120 d (Rhode grass hay (RGH), RGH + 300 g ground P. juliflora pods (PJP), RGH + 150 g each ground P. juliflora pods and leaves mix (PJPLM) and RGH + 300 g commercial concentrate mix (CCM) per head per day). Total dry matter and crude protein intakes increased (P < 0.05) in treatments supplemented with ground PJP and CCM. The average weight gain and meat quality parameters obtained by supplementing with 300 g ground PJP were significantly higher than the RGH and PJPLM treatment groups, but were comparable with that of CCM. The present study demonstrated the potential of using PJP for Afar lambs without adverse effects on growth and carcass characteristics. However, the intake of PJP reduced when mixed with leaves and this indicates the leaves are unpalatable.	Afar sheep; Carcass characteristics; Feed intake; Growth; Prosopis juliflora	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-19144362045	The impact of adult mortality on the living arrangements of older people in rural South Africa	Hosegood V., Timæus I.M.	2005	Ageing and Society	25	3	10.1017/S0144686X0500365X	Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, Mtubatuba, South Africa; Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom	Hosegood, V., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, Mtubatuba, South Africa, Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Timæus, I.M., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, Mtubatuba, South Africa, Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom	This paper examines changes in households with older people in a northern rural area of KwaZulu Natal province, South Africa, between January 2000 and January 2002. The focus is the impact of adult deaths, especially those from AIDS, on the living arrangements of older people. The longitudinal data are from the Africa Centre Demographic Information System. In 2000, 3,657 older people (women aged 60 years or older, men 65 years or older) were resident in the area, and 3,124 households had at least one older member. The majority (87%) of older people lived in three-generation households. Households with older people were significantly poorer, more likely to be headed by a woman, and in homesteads with poorer quality infrastructure than households without older members. By January 2002, 316 (8%) of the older people in the sample had died. Of all the households with an older person, 12 per cent experienced at least one adult death from AIDS. The paper shows that older people, particularly those living alone or with children in the absence of other adults, were living in the poorest households. They were also coping with an increasing burden of young adult deaths, the majority of which were attributable to AIDS. © 2005 Cambridge University Press.	Adult children; AIDS; Children; HIV; Household composition; Mortality; Older people; South Africa	elderly population; household structure; mortality; rural area; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; KwaZulu-Natal; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; World	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957238662	Gender differentials in the impact of parental death: Adolescent's sexual behaviour and risk of HIV infection in rural South Africa	Nyirenda M., McGrath N., Newell M.-L.	2010	Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies	5	3	10.1080/17450128.2010.507804	Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu Natal, PO Box 198, Mtubatuba 3935, South Africa; Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom	Nyirenda, M., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu Natal, PO Box 198, Mtubatuba 3935, South Africa; McGrath, N., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu Natal, PO Box 198, Mtubatuba 3935, South Africa, Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom; Newell, M.-L., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu Natal, PO Box 198, Mtubatuba 3935, South Africa, Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom	Using data from a longitudinal surveillance study from rural South Africa, we investigated the odds of sexual debut, pregnancy and HIV infection of 15- to 19-year-old adolescents by parental survival. Using descriptive statistics and logistic regressions, we examine the relative risk of orphans compared with non-orphans to have ever had sex, being pregnant and being HIV infected, adjusting for age, sex, socio-economic status, education, being employed and residency. Of 8274 adolescents, 42% were orphaned (one or both parents died). Over 80% of adolescents remained in school, but orphans were significantly more likely to lag behind in grade for age. Female adolescent maternal (aOR 1.32, 95% CI 1.07-1.62), paternal (aOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.06-1.49) and dual (aOR 1.37, 95% CI 1.05-1.78) orphans were significantly more likely than non-orphaned females to have ever had sex; among males it was only paternal (aOR 1.27, 95% CI 1.05 1.53) orphans. Maternal (aOR 1.49, 95% CI 1.03-2.15) and dual (aOR 1.74, 95% CI 1.11-2.73) female orphans relative to non-orphaned females were significantly more likely to be HIV infected; male paternal (aOR 3.41, 95% CI 1.37-8.46) and dual (aOR 3.54, 95% CI 1.06-11.86) orphans had over three-fold the odds of being infected. There was strong evidence that death of mother for girls was associated with increased vulnerability to earlier sexual debut and HIV infection, while fathers appeared to play a significant role in both their son's and daughter's lives. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.	Adolescent; HIV/AIDS; Maternal; Orphanhood; Paternal; Sexual behaviour; Vulnerability	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856060931	Making music, making money: Informal musical production and performance in venda, South Africa	McNeill F.G.	2012	Africa	82	1	10.1017/S000197201100074X	Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Pretoria, South Africa	McNeill, F.G., Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Pretoria, South Africa	This article presents an ethnographic analysis of the popular economy of informal musical production in the Venda region of South Africa. It focuses on the activities surrounding the Burnin' Shak Studio, a recording house that specializes in reggae music. Reliant on second-hand computers, pirated software, borrowed instruments, networks of trust and cycles of debt, musicians and producers in the Burnin' Shak occupy a distinctly peripheral position in South Africa's music industry. Unlike artists in the formal sphere of musical production, who sign deals with specific record labels, musicians in the informal sector seek out sponsors usually young local businessmen to fund their recordings with local producers. Marketing and distribution is the sole responsibility of the artist and the sponsor, who often develop a patronclient relationship. And yet whilst the artists' entrepreneurial activity often earns them significant airplay on local radio stations, and associated cultural capital, the financial benefits are slim. In order to convert their cultural capital into cash, musicians in the informal sector must compete in the market for performances at government-sponsored shows. These shows are well funded by lucrative tenders, but they present musicians with a double-edged sword. To secure a contract with tender holders or to entertain hopes of regular paid performances musicians must ensure that these performances do not express critical political sentiment. As purveyors of a genre renowned for its critical social commentary, reggae musicians are particularly affected by this expectation of self-censorship. Informal musical production in the post-apartheid era thus affords musicians little artistic freedom. Rather, whilst the products of this culture industry may appear to be part of a secondary economy, removed from the spheres of formalized production and control, they are in fact regulated and standardized through the process of tender allocation. © International African Institute 2012.	None	informal sector; music; Limpopo; South Africa; Venda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856401418	Quality control and performance of HIV rapid tests in a microbicide clinical trial in rural KwaZulu-Natal	von Knorring N., Gafos M., Ramokonupi M., Jentsch U.	2012	PLoS ONE	7	1	10.1371/journal.pone.0030728	Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Mtubatuba, South Africa; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa; Contract Laboratory Services, University of the Witwatersrand Health Consortium, Johannesburg, South Africa	von Knorring, N., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Mtubatuba, South Africa, Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa; Gafos, M., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Mtubatuba, South Africa; Ramokonupi, M., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Mtubatuba, South Africa; Jentsch, U., Contract Laboratory Services, University of the Witwatersrand Health Consortium, Johannesburg, South Africa	Background: Quality control (QC) and evaluation of HIV rapid test procedures are an important aspect of HIV prevention trials. We describe QC and performance of two rapid tests, Determine™ and Uni-Gold™ used in a microbicide clinical trial in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Methods/Results: Internal QC of both HIV rapid tests was conducted at the trial site using a Uni-Gold control kit (Uni-Gold™Recombigen® HIV). Both assays produced the expected results for a total of 4637 QC tests. Study participants were tested for HIV at screening and, if enrolled, at regular time points throughout the study. Positive or discordant results were confirmed by a double HIV immunoassay testing strategy at a local laboratory. Overall, 15292 HIV rapid test were performed. Sensitivity and specificity of Determine was 98.95% (95% CI: 97.72-99.61) and 99.83% (95% CI: 99.70-99.91) respectively [positive predictive value (PPV) 97.91% (95% CI: 96.38-98.92)], for Uni-Gold it was 99.30% (95% CI: 98.21-99.81) and 99.96% (95% CI: 99.88-99.99) respectively [PPV 99.47% (95% CI: 98.46-99.89)]. Conclusions: The results suggest that a Uni-Gold control kit can be used for internal QC of both Uni-Gold and the HIV-1 component of the Determine rapid tests. Both rapid tests performed proficiently in the trial population. © 2012 von Knorring et al.	None	microbicide; anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; antiinfective agent; adult; article; controlled study; female; HIV test; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunoassay; major clinical study; male; predictive value; quality control; rural area; sensitivity and specificity; South Africa; analytical equipment; clinical trial (topic); diagnostic procedure; drug effect; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; isolation and purification; methodology; microbiological examination; quality control; rural population; standard; virology; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Immunoassay; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Quality Control; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Rural Population; South Africa; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77649260008	Decline in early life mortality in a high HIV prevalence rural area of South Africa: Evidence of HIV prevention or treatment impact?	Ndirangu J., Newell M.-L., Tanser F., Herbst A.J., Bland R.	2010	AIDS	24	4	10.1097/QAD.0b013e328335cff5	Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PO Box 198, Mtubatuba, KwaZulu-Natal 3935, South Africa; Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University College London, Institute of Child Health, United States; Division of Developmental Medicine, University of Glasgow Medical Faculty, United Kingdom	Ndirangu, J., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PO Box 198, Mtubatuba, KwaZulu-Natal 3935, South Africa; Newell, M.-L., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PO Box 198, Mtubatuba, KwaZulu-Natal 3935, South Africa, Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University College London, Institute of Child Health, United States; Tanser, F., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PO Box 198, Mtubatuba, KwaZulu-Natal 3935, South Africa; Herbst, A.J., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PO Box 198, Mtubatuba, KwaZulu-Natal 3935, South Africa; Bland, R., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PO Box 198, Mtubatuba, KwaZulu-Natal 3935, South Africa, Division of Developmental Medicine, University of Glasgow Medical Faculty, United Kingdom	OBJECTIVE: We present early life mortality rates in a largely rural population with high antenatal HIV prevalence, and investigate temporal and spatial associations with a prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programme, an HIV treatment programme, and maternal HIV. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort analysis. METHODS: All births from January 2000 to January 2007 to women in the Africa Centre demographic surveillance were included. Under-two child mortality rates (U2MR) computed as deaths per 1000 live-births per year; factors associated with mortality risk assessed with Weibull regression. Availability of PMTCT (single-dose nevirapine; sdNVP) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a programme included in multivariable analysis. Results: Eight hundred and forty-eight (6.2%) of 13 583 children under 2 years died. Deaths in under twos declined by 49% between 2001 and 2006, from 86.3 to 44.1 deaths per thousand live-births. Mortality was independently associated with birth season (adjusted hazard ratio 1.16, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.33), maternal education (1.21, 1.02-1.43), maternal HIV (4.34, 3.11-6.04) and ART availability (0.46, 0.33-0.65). Children born at home (unlikely to have received sdNVP) had a 35% higher risk of dying than children born in a facility where sdNVP was available (1.35, 1.04-1.74). For 2005 births the availability of PMTCT and ART in public health programmes would have explained 8 and 31% of the decline in U2MR since 2000. Conclusion: These findings confirm the importance of maternal survival, and highlight the importance of the PMTCT and especially maternal HIV treatment with direct benefits of improved survival of their young children. © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Africa; ART; HIV; Mortality; PMTCT; Rural	anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; nevirapine; adult; article; child; childhood mortality; controlled study; female; health program; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; infant feeding; major clinical study; male; newborn period; priority journal; risk assessment; risk factor; rural area; single drug dose; South Africa; vertical transmission; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Male; Nevirapine; Post-Exposure Prophylaxis; Pregnancy; Prenatal Care; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Rural Health; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350025082	Levels of childhood vaccination coverage and the impact of maternal HIV status on child vaccination status in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Ndirangu J., Bärnighausen T., Tanser F., Tint K., Newell M.-L.	2009	Tropical Medicine and International Health	14	11	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02382.x	Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PO Box 198, Mtubatuba, KwaZulu-Natal, 3935, South Africa; Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Witwatersrand, South Africa; Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University College London, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom	Ndirangu, J., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PO Box 198, Mtubatuba, KwaZulu-Natal, 3935, South Africa, Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Bärnighausen, T., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Tanser, F., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Tint, K., School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Witwatersrand, South Africa; Newell, M.-L., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University College London, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom	Objectives To analyse coverage of childhood vaccinations in a rural South African population and investigate whether maternal HIV status is associated with children's vaccination status. Methods 2 431 children with complete information, 12-23 months of age at some point during the period January 2005 through December 2006 and resident in the Africa Centre Demographic Surveillance Area at the time of their birth were investigated. We examined the relationship between maternal HIV status and child vaccination status for five vaccinations [Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP3), poliomyelitis (polio3), hepatitis B (HepB3), and measles] in multiple logistic regressions, controlling for household wealth, maternal age, maternal education and distances to roads, fixed and mobile clinics. Results Coverage of the five vaccinations ranged from 89.3% (95% CI 81.7-93.9) for BCG to 77.3% (67.1-83.6) for measles. Multivariably, maternal HIV-positive status was significantly associated with lower adjusted odds ratios (AOR) of child vaccination for all vaccines [(AOR) 0.60-0.74, all P ≤ 0.036] except measles (0.75, P = 0.073), distance to mobile clinic was negatively associated with vaccination status (all P ≤ 0.029), household wealth was positively (all P ≤ 0.013) and distance to nearest road negatively (all P ≤ 0.004) associated with vaccination status. Conclusion Positive maternal HIV status independently reduces children's probability to receive child vaccinations, which likely contributes to the morbidity and mortality differential between children of HIV-positive and HIV-negative mothers. As a means of increasing vaccination coverage, policy makers should consider increasing the number of mobile clinics in this and similar communities in rural Africa. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Maternal HIV status; Rural Africa; Vaccination coverage	BCG vaccine; diphtheria pertussis tetanus vaccine; hepatitis B vaccine; measles vaccine; poliomyelitis vaccine; child; child mortality; demographic survey; disease treatment; health education; health services; health status; hepatitis; human immunodeficiency virus; logistics; maternal health; measles; morbidity; policy making; poliomyelitis; rural population; spatial analysis; temporal analysis; vaccination; adolescent; adult; article; child; child health; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; major clinical study; male; maternal welfare; preschool child; questionnaire; school child; South Africa; vaccination; Adolescent; Adult; BCG Vaccine; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine; Female; Health Care Surveys; Hepatitis B Vaccines; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Immunization Programs; Infant; Logistic Models; Male; Measles Vaccine; Middle Aged; Mothers; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; Rural Population; South Africa; Vaccination; Young Adult; Africa; KwaZulu-Natal; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Mycobacterium bovis BCG	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876694087	Large herbivores favour species diversity but have mixed impacts on phylogenetic community structure in an African savanna ecosystem	Yessoufou K., Davies T.J., Maurin O., Kuzmina M., Schaefer H., van der Bank M., Savolainen V.	2013	Journal of Ecology	101	3	10.1111/1365-2745.12059	African Centre for DNA Barcoding, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, APK Campus 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Avenue Docteur Penfield, Montreal, QC, Canada; Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada; Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Biodiversitaet der Pflanzen, Maximus-von-Imhof Forum 2, Freising, 85354, Germany; Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, TW9 3DS, United Kingdom	Yessoufou, K., African Centre for DNA Barcoding, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, APK Campus 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa; Davies, T.J., Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Avenue Docteur Penfield, Montreal, QC, Canada; Maurin, O., African Centre for DNA Barcoding, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, APK Campus 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa; Kuzmina, M., Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada; Schaefer, H., Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Biodiversitaet der Pflanzen, Maximus-von-Imhof Forum 2, Freising, 85354, Germany; van der Bank, M., African Centre for DNA Barcoding, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, APK Campus 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa; Savolainen, V., Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, TW9 3DS, United Kingdom	There has been much debate on the impact of large herbivores on biodiversity, especially given that large mammals are becoming locally extinct in many places. The use of evolutionary information on community structure has typically been limited to evaluating assembly processes, for example, competition or habitat filtering, whereas a lack of long-term experiments has precluded the test of predictions considering more complex biotic interactions. Reconstructing the complete phylogeny of the trees and shrubs of the Kruger National Park from DNA data, we tested for phylogenetic signal in antiherbivory traits and compared the phylogenetic structure of communities under various degrees of herbivore pressure using experimental plots spanning several decades. We show that all antiherbivory traits examined demonstrated weak but significant phylogenetic signal, and that exclusion of large herbivores results in impoverished species diversity in restructured communities. Surprisingly, we also show that reduction in species diversity coupled with community reorganization does not necessarily result in a decrease in phylogenetic diversity, and that community responses to herbivore exclusion depend on initial structure. Synthesis. Extinction of large mammal herbivores will have cascading effects on plant diversity; however, impacts on plant community structure are contingent on initial conditions. This research has implications for best practice when managing large herbivores and natural habitats. Extinction of large mammal herbivores will have cascading effects on plant diversity; however, impacts on plant community structure are contingent on initial conditions. This research has implications for best practice when managing large herbivores and natural habitats. © 2013 The Authors. Journal of Ecology © 2013 British Ecological Society.	Determinants of plant community diversity and structure; Extinction; Functional diversity; Kruger National Park; Phylogenetics	biodiversity; community structure; evolutionary biology; extinction; herbivory; interspecific competition; mammal; phylogenetics; phylogeny; plant community; plant-herbivore interaction; savanna; shrub; species diversity; Kruger National Park; South Africa; Mammalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33748902038	Managing the impact of gold panning activities within the context of integrated water resources management planning in the Lower Manyame Sub-Catchment, Zambezi Basin, Zimbabwe	Zwane N., Love D., Hoko Z., Shoko D.	2006	Physics and Chemistry of the Earth	31	None	10.1016/j.pce.2006.08.024	Africa Management and Development Institute, P.O. Box 6146, Mbabane, Swaziland; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mt . Pleasant Harare,, Zimbabwe; Department of Geology, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mt . Pleasant Harare,, Zimbabwe; WaterNet, P.O. Box MP600, Mt . Pleasant Harare,, Zimbabwe; United Nations Industrial Development Organization, P.O. Box 4775, Harare, Zimbabwe	Zwane, N., Africa Management and Development Institute, P.O. Box 6146, Mbabane, Swaziland, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mt . Pleasant Harare,, Zimbabwe; Love, D., Department of Geology, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mt . Pleasant Harare,, Zimbabwe, WaterNet, P.O. Box MP600, Mt . Pleasant Harare,, Zimbabwe; Hoko, Z., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mt . Pleasant Harare,, Zimbabwe; Shoko, D., Department of Geology, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mt . Pleasant Harare,, Zimbabwe, United Nations Industrial Development Organization, P.O. Box 4775, Harare, Zimbabwe	Riverbed alluvial gold panning activities are a cause for degradation of river channels and banks as well as water resources, particularly through accelerated erosion and siltation, in many areas of Zimbabwe. The lower Manyame sub-catchment located in the Northern part of the country is one such area. This study analysed the implications of cross-sectoral coordination of the management of panning and its impacts. This is within the context of conflicts of interests and responsibilities. A situational analysis of different stakeholders from sectors that included mining, environment, water, local government and water users who were located next to identified panning sites, as well as panners was carried out. Selected sites along the Dande River were observed to assess the environmental effects. The study determined that all stakeholder groups perceived siltation and river bank degradation as the most severe effect of panning on water resources, yet there were divergent views with regards to coordination of panning management. The Water Act of 1998 does not give enough power to management institutions including the Lower Manyame Sub-catchment Council to protect water resources from the impacts of panning, despite the fact that the activities affect the water resource base. The Mines and Minerals Act of 1996 remains the most powerful legislation, while mining sector activities adversely affect environmental resources. Furthermore, complexities were caused by differences in the definition of water resources management boundaries as compared to the overall environmental resources management boundaries according to the Environmental Management Act (EMA) of 2000, and by separate yet parallel water and environmental planning processes. Environmental sector institutions according to the EMA are well linked to local government functions and resource management is administrative, enhancing efficient coordination. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Conflict resolution; Consensus building; Environment; Gold panning; Integrated water resources management; Small-scale mining	Degradation; Environmental impact; Erosion; Management; Rivers; Concensus building; Conflict resolution; Gold panning; Integrated water resources management; Small-scale mining; Water resources; catchment; environmental effect; gold mine; river channel; water management; water resource; Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Zambezi Belt; Zimbabwe	None
None	None	Weed management in upland rice in sub-Saharan Africa: Impact on labor and crop productivity	Ogwuike P., Rodenburg J., Diagne A., Agboh-Noameshie A.R., Amovin-Assagba E.	2014	Food Security	6	3	10.1007/s12571-014-0351-7	Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), 01 BP 2031 Cotonou, Benin; Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice)-East and Southern Africa, P.O. Box 33581, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Ogwuike, P., Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), 01 BP 2031 Cotonou, Benin; Rodenburg, J., Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice)-East and Southern Africa, P.O. Box 33581, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Diagne, A., Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), 01 BP 2031 Cotonou, Benin; Agboh-Noameshie, A.R., Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), 01 BP 2031 Cotonou, Benin; Amovin-Assagba, E., Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), 01 BP 2031 Cotonou, Benin	Rice is one of the most important crops for food security in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). There exists, however, a widening gap between its regional demand and supply. Competition from weeds is typically one of the major biophysical constraints in upland rice, frequently leading to significant yield losses and sometimes to complete crop failure, thereby threatening the food security of subsistence farmers. However, weed management practices that are currently employed to avoid such losses are associated with high weeding labor demands. This study examined the relationships between weeding times per farm, average time per hectare per weeding and rice yields of upland rice farmers in SSA, with the objective of estimating the impact of weeds on rural households' economies in SSA reliant on upland rice production systems. To this end, we analyzed survey data collected from 992 farmers in four countries (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Togo and Uganda). The counterfactual outcomes framework of modern evaluation theory was used to estimate the Average Treatment Effect (ATE) of the number of times a farm is weeded on weeding labor efficiency, as measured by the average number of hours spent per hectare at each weeding, and on crop productivity expressed as rice grain yield per hectare. A single weeding required 173 h per hectare, while weeding twice required 130 h per hectare per weeding (259 h per hectare in total) and weeding three times required 125 h per hectare per weeding (376 h per hectare in total). Correspondingly, a single weeding was associated with an average rice yield of 1.2 t ha-1, weeding twice yielded 1.7 t ha-1 and weeding three times yielded 2.2 t ha-1. Compared to the situation where the farm is weeded only once and controlling for other factors, the model estimated yield gains of a second weeding to be 0.33 t ha-1 and a third weeding to result in a gain of 0.51 t ha-1. The estimated labor gains were respectively 64.2 and 68.1 h per hectare per weeding for a second and a third weeding. We conclude that weeding an upland rice crop more than once in SSA increases weeding labor efficiency by about 37 % and rice productivity by more than 27 %. Rather than motivating farmers to increase their labor inputs for manual weeding, however, we propose that more research and development funds should be devoted to developing, testing and promoting locally adapted strategies of labor-saving weed management in rice in sub-Saharan Africa. This will result in a significant contribution to regional food security and poverty alleviation. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht and International Society for Plant Pathology.	Average treatment effect; Hand weeding; Impact assessment; Rain fed rice; Structural economic method; Subsistence farming	crop production; food security; labor; poverty alleviation; research and development; rice; subsistence; weed; weed control; yield; Cameroon; Democratic Republic Congo; Sub-Saharan Africa; Togo; Uganda	None
WoS	WOS:000305234200008	The impact of NERICA adoption on productivity and poverty of the small-scale rice farmers in the Gambia	Diagne, Aliou,Dibba, Lamin,Fialor, Simon C.,Nimoh, Fred	2012	FOOD SECURITY	4	2	10.1007/s12571-012-0180-5	Africa Rice Ctr AfricaRice, KNUST, Kwame Nkrumah University Science & Technology, NARI	None	The study assessed the causal effects of NERICA adoption on rice yields and income, using country-wide data of 600 rice farmers in The Gambia. To control for differences in socio-demographic and environmental characteristics of adopters and non-adopters and enable a causal interpretation of NERICA adoption on the variables of interest, the study used the counterfactual outcome framework to control for such differences. The results, based on observed sample estimates, showed significant differences in rice yields and income between the NERICA adopters and non-adopters. Further, the results of the framework, based on the Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) estimates, which allowed a causal interpretation, showed that NERICA adoption significantly increased average rice yields and annual income of small-scale rice farmers by 157 kg per hectare and $148, respectively.	"causal effects",HETEROGENEITY,IMPACT,NERICA,"potential outcomes","THE GAMBIA","AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY",MODELS,PROPENSITY-SCORE,WEST-AFRICA	None	None
WoS	WOS:000344612400016	An Evaluation of Community Perspectives and Contributing Factors to Missed Children During an Oral Polio Vaccination Campaign - Katsina State, Nigeria	Achari, Panchanan,Ashenafi, Samra,Biya, Oladayo,Bwaka, Ado,Corkum, Melissa,Mackay, Susan,Mahoney, Frank,Michael, Charles A.,Newberry, David,Nguku, Patrick,Ogbuanu, Ikechukwu U.,Ohuabunwo, Chima,OPV Campaign Missed Children Study,Storms, Aaron D.,Sule, Ada	2014	JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES	210	None	10.1093/infdis/jiu288	African Field Epidemiol Network AFENET, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, United Nations Children Fund UNICEF, US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO	None	Background. Unvaccinated children contribute to accumulation of susceptible persons and the continued transmission of wild poliovirus in Nigeria. In September 2012, the Expert Review Committee (ERC) on Polio Eradication and Routine Immunization in Nigeria recommended that social research be conducted to better understand why children are missed during supplementary immunization activities (SIAs), also known as "immunization plus days (IPDs)" in Nigeria. Methods.aEuro integral Immediately following the SIA in October 2012, polio eradication partners and the government of Nigeria conducted a study to assess why children are missed. We used semistructured questionnaires and focus group discussions in 1 rural and 1 urban local government area (LGA) of Katsina State. Results.aEuro integral Participants reported that 61% of the children were not vaccinated because of poor vaccination team performance: either the teams did not visit the homes (25%) or the children were reported absent and not revisited (36%). This lack of access to vaccine was more frequently reported by respondents from scattered/nomadic communities (85%). In 1 out of 4 respondents (25%), refusal was the main reason their child was not vaccinated. The majority of respondents reported they would have consented to their children being vaccinated if the vaccine had been offered. Conclusions.aEuro integral Poor vaccination team performance is a major contributor to missed children during IPD campaigns. Addressing such operational deficiencies will help close the polio immunity gap and eradicate polio from Nigeria.	"missed children",non-compliance,OPV,"ORAL POLIO VACCINE","vaccine coverage"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940329574	Prevalence, determinants and impact of unawareness about the health consequences of tobacco use among 17 929 school personnel in 29 African countries	Agaku I.T., Filippidis F.T.	2014	BMJ Open	4	8	10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005837	Africa Tobacco Control Regional Initiative, Ogba-Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom	Agaku, I.T., Africa Tobacco Control Regional Initiative, Ogba-Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Filippidis, F.T., School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom	Objectives: To assess prevalence, determinants and impact of unawareness about the health consequences of tobacco use among school personnel in Africa. Design: Cross-sectional surveys. Setting: Twenty-nine African countries. Participants: Representative samples of school personnel from 29 African countries (n=17 929), using data from the 2006-2011 Global School Personnel Surveys. Outcome: We assessed if school personnel were aware of the following five facts about tobacco use: (1) tobacco use is addictive; (2) secondhand smoke exposure is harmful; (3) smoking causes lung cancer; (4) smoking causes heart disease and (5) smoking does not cause malaria. Using multivariate logistic regression, we measured the impact of unawareness of the health consequences of tobacco use on behaviour and attitudes towards tobacco control. Results: A median of 62.6% of school personnel were unaware of at least one health consequence of tobacco use. School personnel in countries with mandatory cigarette health warning labels had lower odds of being unaware of any health consequence of tobacco use than countries where health warning labels were not mandatory (adjusted OR [aOR]=0.51; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.71). A significant dose-response relationship was seen between being ignorant of 1; 2; or ≥3 tobacco use health consequences respectively (compared with not being ignorant of any), and the odds of the following outcomes: non-support of bans on tobacco industry sponsorship of school or extracurricular activities (aOR=1.47; 1.91; and 2.98); non-support of bans on all tobacco advertisements (aOR=1.24; 1.78; and 2.68) and non-support of policies prohibiting tobacco use by school personnel on campus (aOR=1.79; 4.45; and 4.56). Conclusions: Unawareness of the health consequences of tobacco use was associated with poor support for tobacco control policies. Intensified efforts are needed in African countries to warn about the dangers of tobacco use.	None	administrative personnel; adult; advertizing; article; attitude to health; awareness; Burkina Faso; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Congo; controlled study; cross-sectional study; Djibouti; Eritrea; female; Ghana; Guinea-Bissau; health care policy; health care survey; health impact assessment; heart disease; human; human experiment; Lesotho; Libyan Arab Jamahiriya; lung cancer; malaria; Malawi; male; Mauritania; Mauritius; Morocco; Namibia; Niger; normal human; passive smoking; Rwanda; school; school personnel; Senegal; Seychelles; Sierra Leone; smoking; Somalia; South Africa; Sudan; Swaziland; tobacco; tobacco industry; tobacco use; Togo; Tunisia; Uganda; Zimbabwe; adolescent; adverse effects; Africa; awareness; health; middle aged; prevalence; school; Tobacco Use Disorder; university; passive smoking; Adolescent; Adult; Africa; Awareness; Cross-Sectional Studies; Faculty; Female; Health; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Schools; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Tobacco Use Disorder	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883821631	Evaluation of open pollinated varieties of maize for resistance to the maize weevil in a controlled temperature and humidity laboratory in Zimbabwe	Masasa R.T., Setimela P.S., Chiteka Z.A.	2013	Euphytica	193	3	10.1007/s10681-013-0900-8	Africa University, P.O. Box 1320, Mutare, Zimbabwe; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mt. Pleasant, P. O. Box MP. 163, Harare, Zimbabwe	Masasa, R.T., Africa University, P.O. Box 1320, Mutare, Zimbabwe; Setimela, P.S., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mt. Pleasant, P. O. Box MP. 163, Harare, Zimbabwe; Chiteka, Z.A., Africa University, P.O. Box 1320, Mutare, Zimbabwe	Maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) is one of the major maize storage pests among smallholder farmers in eastern and southern Africa (ESA), thereby, reducing total on-farm maize harvests. Experiments were conducted in a controlled temperature and humidity (CTH) laboratory at CIMMYT-Zimbabwe to compare the resistance of new maize open pollinated varieties (OPVs) from regional trials undertaken in ESA to maize weevils. Twenty maize OPVs were shelled and cleaned before being placed in a deep freezer at -20 °C to kill any pests and eggs in the grain from the field. Fifty grams of grain from each OPV was measured after 3 weeks and placed in the CTH lab for conditioning. The samples were placed in 250-mL jars with brass-screened lids and then infested with 32 maize weevils aged between 10 and 14 days. Data were collected for kernel hardness prior to weevil infestation, as kernel hardness to confer resistance to weevils. The components of maize weevil resistance considered were: median development period, Dobie index of susceptibility, weevil emergence, weevil mortality, weevil fecundity, grain weight loss, kernel damage and germination. There were highly significant differences in maize kernel characteristics and median development period (P &lt; 0.001) among the maize OPVs. There were significant differences in the number of damaged kernels, grain weight loss (P &lt; 0.01), weevil mortality and germination (P &lt; 0.05) among the maize OPVs. There were no significant differences found for weevil progeny emergence (F1), Dobie index of susceptibility and weevil fecundity, the last of which was positively and significantly correlated with kernel damage (P &lt; 0.001). The DIS was positively and significantly correlated with weight loss and F1 (P &lt; 0.001). The maize OPVs 07WEEVIL, Chitedze6, Strigoff126, Strigoff128 and ZM625 were found to be resistant; on the other hand, Strigoff140, Strigoff125, Strigoff133, VP05199 and VP074 varieties were highly susceptible. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Controlled temperature and humidity laboratory; Kernel hardness; Open pollinated varieties; Sitophilus zeamais; Zea mays (L.)	Curculionidae; Sitophilus zeamais; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873552609	Evaluation of sorghum genotypes compatibility with Fusarium oxysporum under Striga infestation	Rebeka G., Shimelis H., Laing M.D., Tongoona P., Mandefro N.	2013	Crop Science	53	2	10.2135/cropsci2012.02.0101	African Centre for Crop Improvement, Univ. of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Debrebirhan Agricultural Research Centre, Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 112, Debrebirhan, Ethiopia; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, P.O. Box 62158, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Rebeka, G., African Centre for Crop Improvement, Univ. of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, Debrebirhan Agricultural Research Centre, Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 112, Debrebirhan, Ethiopia; Shimelis, H., African Centre for Crop Improvement, Univ. of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Laing, M.D., African Centre for Crop Improvement, Univ. of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Tongoona, P., African Centre for Crop Improvement, Univ. of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Mandefro, N., Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, P.O. Box 62158, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Combined use of host resistance and Fusarium oxysporum as a biocontrol agent may provide enhanced management of Striga hermonthica (Delile) Benth. in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. The objective of this study was to identify sorghum genotypes compatible with F. oxysporum and to determine the potential of this biocontrol agent for controlling Striga. Fifty sorghum genotypes were evaluated in the greenhouse in Striga-infested soils with and without inoculation by F. oxysporum. A supplementary laboratory study was conducted to investigate the growth and proliferation of F. oxysporum in the soil and sorghum roots. Data were recorded on crop growth parameters, Striga incidence and colonization, and the persistence of F. oxysporum in the soil and on plant roots, using samples taken at 45 and 60 d after planting. Inoculation with F. oxysporum significantly shortened days to maturity compared to noninoculated plants. plant height, biomass, panicle length, and seed yield per plant were higher in F. oxysporum treated pots. Striga emergence was delayed and vigor and overall incidence of the parasite was significantly reduced in Fusarium-treated pots. The number of Fusarium colony forming units obtained from soil and plant samples were significantly different between genotypes. Three principal components (pCs) contributed to 67.31% of the total variation among the genotypes. principal component 1, pC2, and pC3 contributed 27, 23, and 18%, respectively, to the total variance. Days to Striga emergence and Striga count and height correlated with pC1 while sorghum panicle length and plant height with pC2 and days to sorghum flowering and maturity with pC3. Thus, 12 promising sorghum lines were identified with farmer-preferred agronomic traits and with F. oxysporum compatibility. This result is valuable in the development of Striga control in sorghum through integration of host resistance and F. oxysporum inoculation. © Crop Science Society of America.	None	Fusarium; Fusarium oxysporum; Sorghum bicolor; Striga; Striga hermonthica	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904332448	Combining Ability Analysis of Storage Root Yield and Related Traits in Cassava at the Seedling Evaluation Stage of Breeding	Tumuhimbise R., Shanahan P., Melis R., Kawuki R.	2014	Journal of Crop Improvement	28	4	10.1080/15427528.2014.923798	African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; National Crops Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Organization, Kampala, Uganda	Tumuhimbise, R., African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, National Crops Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Organization, Kampala, Uganda; Shanahan, P., African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Melis, R., African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Kawuki, R., National Crops Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Organization, Kampala, Uganda	Selection of genotypes at the seedling evaluation stage of cassava breeding for advancement is largely based on high heritability traits. Moreover, combining ability and family data at this stage are rarely analyzed, leading to a loss of potential genetic information. This study was conducted to estimate the general combining ability (GCA) of nine cassava parents and specific combining ability (SCA) of their crosses for storage root yield (SRY) and related traits, as well as to determine the gene action controlling these traits. Thirty-six full-sib cassava families were developed from a 9 x 9 half-diallel mating design and evaluated in a 6 x 6 triple lattice design. The family mean squares (MS) were significantly different for all traits assessed, suggesting significant differences among families for all traits. The GCA MS were significant for all traits, whereas SCA MS were significant for only storage root number (SRN). Percentage sum of squares attributable to GCA accounted for >50.0% of variability expressed by families in five of the seven traits studied, indicating predominance of additive gene effects in controlling expression of most traits. Parent CT4 was the best general combiner for SRY, SRN, and resistance to cassava brown streak and mosaic diseases, while crosses NASE3 x CT2, CT5 x CT3, and NASE3 x CT4 had desirable SCA effects for SRY. Correlation analysis indicated a possibility of selecting for SRY and quality traits simultaneously. Simultaneous selection of these traits at the seedling generational stage of cassava breeding could reduce the cassava breeding cycle. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	additive gene effects; crosses; Manihot esculenta Crantz; non-additive gene effects; parents	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901443859	Social Impact Assessment: The lesser sibling in the South African EIA process?	Hildebrandt L., Sandham L.A.	2014	Environmental Impact Assessment Review	48	None	10.1016/j.eiar.2014.04.003	African Centre for Disaster Studies, Research Focus Area: Social Transformation, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa; Environmental Assessment Research Group, School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa	Hildebrandt, L., African Centre for Disaster Studies, Research Focus Area: Social Transformation, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa; Sandham, L.A., Environmental Assessment Research Group, School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa	Social Impact Assessment has developed as an integral but neglected component of EIA in South Africa since it became mandatory in 1997, and has therefore been referred to as the "orphan" or "lesser sibling" of EIA, as has SIA in the UK and the US. The aim of this paper is to test this claim by reviewing the quality of a sample of SIA reports, and also to establish whether there has been any improvement in quality following the introduction of revised EIA regulations in 2006. The results confirm that SIA can be called "the lesser sibling" due to the weak grades achieved in the quality review, but also reveal that there has been a slight and consistent improvement in quality, most likely driven by best practice considerations in the absence of prescriptive regulations for SIA. Suggestions and recommendations for addressing observed weakness in SIA performance are advanced. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.	Effectiveness; EIA; Lesser sibling; Report quality review; Social impact assessment; South africa	Environmental impact assessments; Planning; Effectiveness; EIA; Lesser sibling; Quality reviews; Social impact assessments; South Africa; Economic and social effects; best management practice; environmental impact assessment; literature review; performance assessment; social change; South Africa; United Kingdom; United States	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903559734	The lover and another: A consideration of the efficacy of utilizing a performance poetry competition as vehicle for HIV/AIDS education among young adults	Wilson D., Suter K.	2013	Matatu	43	1	None	University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Wilson, D., University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Suter, K., University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84869393996	Measuring government performance in realising child rights and child wellbeing: The approach and indicators	Mekonen Y.	2010	Child Indicators Research	3	2	10.1007/s12187-009-9047-5	African Child Policy Forum, PO Box 1179, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Mekonen, Y., African Child Policy Forum, PO Box 1179, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Most governments have an impressive record in their formal accession to the relevant international child rights treaties. But the extent of their commitment to children varies widely and the gap between promises and reality remains wide. In response, we, at The African Child Policy Forum, developed an approach to measure government performance in realising children's rights and ensuring their wellbeing. The approach quantitatively measures how well governments are doing in meeting their national and international obligations to children through the Child-friendliness Index. This composite index is used to assess and rank the performance of all 52 African governments using a common set of indicators. It provides an indication of how prioritised children's issues are in African governments' policy agendas, and the extent to which those agendas are child-friendly. According to the Child-friendliness Index ranking, Mauritius and Namibia emerged as the first and second most child-friendly governments, respectvely, in Africa. In addition to these two, the "most child-friendly governments" group consists of both countries with high economic performance as well as those with a low status. The analysis also showed that national wealth and a high level of development are not guarantees of child wellbeing. The results further indicated that change and progress towards ensuring child wellbeing are possible and feasible even at very low levels of development and calls for: (a) adoption and implementation of effective laws and policies; and (b) a policy of child budgeting that prioritises the needs of children. © Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2009.	Child wellbeing; Child-friendliness; Governance; Government; Index; Performance; Policy	None	None
WoS	WOS:000208106500007	The cost and impact of male circumcision on HIV/AIDS in Botswana	Bollinger, Lori A.,Busang, Lesego,Fidzani, Boga,Moeti, Themba,Musuka, Godfrey,Stover, John	2009	JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY	12	None	10.1186/1758-2652-12-7	African Comprehens HIV AIDS Partnership, Futures Inst, Natl AIDS Coordinating Agcy	None	The HIV/AIDS epidemic continues to be a major issue facing Botswana, with overall adult HIV prevalence estimated to be 25.7 percent in 2007. This paper estimates the cost and impact of the draft Ministry of Health male circumcision strategy using the UNAIDS/WHO Decision-Makers' Programme Planning Tool (DMPPT). Demographic data and HIV prevalence estimates from the recent National AIDS Coordinating Agency estimations are used as input to the DMPPT to estimate the impact of scaling-up male circumcision on the HIV/AIDS epidemic. These data are supplemented by programmatic information from the draft Botswana National Strategy for Safe Male Circumcision, including information on unit cost and program goals. Alternative scenarios were developed in consultation with stakeholders. Results suggest that scaling-up adult and neonatal circumcision to reach 80% coverage by 2012 would result in averting almost 70,000 new HIV infections through 2025, at a total net cost of US$47 million across that same period. This results in an average cost per HIV infection averted of US$689. Changing the target year to 2015 and the scale-up pattern to a linear pattern results in a more evenly-distributed number of MCs required, and averts approximately 60,000 new HIV infections through 2025. Other scenarios explored include the effect of risk compensation and the impact of increasing coverage of general prevention interventions. Scaling-up safe male circumcision has the potential to reduce the impact of HIV/AIDS in Botswana significantly; program design elements such as feasible patterns of scale-up and inclusion of counselling are important in evaluating the overall success of the program.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-59049093597	The impact of abandoned pastoral settlements on plant and nutrient succession in an African savanna ecosystem	Muchiru A.N., Western D., Reid R.S.	2009	Journal of Arid Environments	73	3	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.09.018	African Conservation Centre, P.O. Box 62844, Nairobi, Kenya; International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya; Center for Collaborative Conservation, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States	Muchiru, A.N., African Conservation Centre, P.O. Box 62844, Nairobi, Kenya, International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya; Western, D., African Conservation Centre, P.O. Box 62844, Nairobi, Kenya; Reid, R.S., International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya, Center for Collaborative Conservation, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States	We detail the impact of abandoned traditional settlements (or bomas) on plant and nutrient succession in the Amboseli ecosystem, southern Kenya, over the course of a century. Plant and soil data were sampled on and around abandoned settlements. The term, 'onsite', refers to the area within the perimeter fence, 'offsite' to the area up to 200 m beyond the fence. Herbaceous standing biomass onsite increased in the course of succession to peak at twice offsite levels within two decades. Biomass remained elevated for six decades then dropped to the background levels at the limit of sampling distance. Plant species richness onsite increased rapidly in the course of succession, then stabilized on older bomas. Species composition changed throughout succession, with pioneer herbs and grasses giving way to boma-edge species and woody vegetation later in succession. Soil nutrients, including carbon, nitrogen, magnesium and phosphorus, were highly elevated on abandoned settlements. The various nutrients declined at different rates during the course of plant succession. Potassium, phosphorus and magnesium levels remained at twice offsite levels for over a century, creating islands of high fertility and high plant biomass in the savanna landscape. We conclude that the perturbation caused by shifting nomadic settlements creates localized nutrient and plant diversity hotspots in savanna ecosystems that remain distinct from the surrounding savanna for decades, possibly centuries. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Biomass; Nutrient hotspots; Pastoralism; Patch dynamics; Species richness; Wildlife	abandoned land; biomass; pastoralism; patch dynamics; plant; savanna; soil nutrient; species richness; succession; Africa; East Africa; Kenya; Sub-Saharan Africa; Poaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-53549093601	The linkages between FDI and domestic investment: Unravelling the developmental impact of foreign investment in sub-Saharan Africa	Ndikumana L., Verick S.	2008	Development Policy Review	26	6	10.1111/j.1467-7679.2008.00430.x	African Development Bank, Tunis, Tunisia; UN Economic Commission for Africa and IZA, P.O. Box 3005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Ndikumana, L., African Development Bank, Tunis, Tunisia; Verick, S., UN Economic Commission for Africa and IZA, P.O. Box 3005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	While the recent increase in foreign direct investment (FDI) to African countries is a welcome development, the impact of these resource inflows on economic development remains in doubt. This article argues that a key channel is its effects on domestic factor markets, especially domestic investment, and analyses the two-way linkages between FDI and domestic investment in sub-Saharan Africa. The results suggest, first, that FDI crowds in domestic investment and, secondly, that private investment is a driver of FDI, implying that African countries will gain much from improving the domestic climate. Moreover, there are alternatives to resource endowments as a means of attracting foreign investment to non-resource-rich countries. © 2008 Overseas Development Institute.	FDI; Privatein vestment; Public investment; Sub-Saharan Africa	capital flow; economic development; economic impact; foreign direct investment; private sector; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-60949700706	The impact of translation activities on the development of African languages in a multilingual society: Duramazwi reMimhanzi as a case-study	Mheta G.	2005	Lexikos	15	None	None	African Languages Research Institute, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe	Mheta, G., African Languages Research Institute, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe	The article examines the impact of translation activities on the development of African languages in the multilingual Zimbabwean society. It analyses Shona musical terms created through translation processes and strategies such as borrowing, coining, compounding and derivation. Focus is on the way this ongoing term-creation is contributing to improving or hindering the development of Shona. The importance of such processes and strategies are discussed in the broader context of empowering African languages. The article also offers recommendations on how best to produce systematized terminology in music and other specialized fields.	Borrowing; Coining; Compounding; Derivation; Development of African languages; Multilingual societies; Terminography; Terminology; Translation	None	None
WoS	WOS:000207805600007	How Insecurity Impacts on School Attendance and School Dropout among Urban Slum Children in Nairobi	Izugbara, Chimaraoke,Mudege, Netsayi N.,Zulu, Eliya M.	2008	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONFLICT AND VIOLENCE	2	1	None	African Populat & Hlth Res Ctr	None	This paper discusses how perceptions of personal security can impact on school enrolment and attendance. It mainly focuses on threats of physical harm, crime, and community and domestic violence. These security fears can include insecurity that children suffer from as they go to school, maybe through the use of unsafe routes; insecurity that children feel at school; and the insecurity they suffer from in their homes. Although poverty can be a source and/or an indicator of insecurity, this paper does not focus solely on poverty as it is well covered elsewhere in the literature. The paper relies on qualitative data collected in Korogocho and Viwandani slum areas in Nairobi, Kenya between October and November 2004. The paper analyses data from individual interviews and focus group interviews and focuses on the narrative of slum dwellers on how insecurity impacts on educational attainment. The conclusion in this paper is that insecure neighbourhoods may have a negative impact on schooling. As a result policies that address insecurity in slum neighbourhoods can also improve school attendance and performance.	None	None	None
WoS	WOS:000263321100001	The impact of female employment on fertility in Dakar (Senegal) and Lome (Togo)	Beguy, Donatien	2009	DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH	20	None	10.4054/DemRes.2009.20.7	African Populat & Hlth Res Ctr	None	This paper investigates the impact of female employment on fertility in two urban contexts in sub-Saharan Africa: Dakar ( Senegal) and Lome ( Togo). The hypothesis that wage employment and maternal obligations are incompatible seems to be corroborated in Lome, where women are likely to consider work as a legitimate alternative to their role as a mother or spouse. Being involved in economic activity is a real option and can therefore impact upon their reproductive life. By contrast, in Dakar working does not seem to hinder family formation. Greater involvement of women in the labour force is not the main reason for fertility decline in Dakar. These findings illustrate how important it is to consider social gender-specific roles in order to accurately determine the influence of female employment on reproductive life.	,MODELS,"WOMENS EMPLOYMENT",WORK	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745454177	The impact of cultural practices on the spread of HIV/AIDS: An anthropological study of selected countries in sub-Sarahan Africa	Nkwi P.N.	2005	Discovery and Innovation	17	SPEC. ISS.	None	African Population Advisory Council, Nairobi, Kenya	Nkwi, P.N., African Population Advisory Council, Nairobi, Kenya	Africa is a continent plagued by population problems. These problems have no common solution because they occur in such culturally diverse populations. What works under some cultural conditions simply may not work under others. Deeply entrenched cultural practices have serious implications for the spread of HIV/AIDS, as well as other communicable diseases. In Africa, HIV is spread largely through high-risk, heterosexual behaviours. People know the consequences of these behaviours, but changing them requires knowing their causes, both cultural and material. Community-based research by African Population Advisory Council (APAC) finds that cultural practices such as widow inheritance (the levirate), early marriage, polygamy, bodily scarifications, funeral sexual rites, concubinage, sexual initiation of girls, forced remarriage of widows, and various forms of genital cutting have enhanced, and continue to enhance, the spread of HIV/AIDS. Dealing with these practices must be part of an integrated policy on confronting the HIV/AIDS pandemic.	None	Human immunodeficiency virus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919644294	Examining the impact of age on literacy achievement among grade 6 primary school pupils in Kenya	Hungi N., Ngware M., Abuya B.	2014	International Journal of Educational Development	39	None	10.1016/j.ijedudev.2014.06.003	African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), Kenya	Hungi, N., African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), Kenya; Ngware, M., African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), Kenya; Abuya, B., African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), Kenya	The main objective of this paper is to investigate the optimal age category at which primary school pupils from low income families perform their best in literacy at grade 6 level. Age is a potential learning barrier because of its link to cognitive development as well as its influence on interactions between pupils within classrooms. The sample consisted of 7041 grade 6 pupils, spread in 226 schools across six major urban slums in Kenya. Using descriptive statistics, we examine the distribution of grade 6 pupils' age. We then examine incidences of over-age pupils and incidences of grade repetition across various subgroups of pupils disaggregated by factors such as sex, wealth background, grade repetition, school type and geographical location. Finally, using multilevel techniques, we estimate the pupil age category that has greatest positive impact on literacy achievement at grade 6 after controlling selected pupil and school factors.Irrespective of pupil sex, grade repetition, wealth background, school type or geographical location the results indicate that grade 6 pupils perform their best in literacy when they are in the age category ranging from 10 years 6 months to 11 years 5 months. The results also indicate that, in general, younger pupils were likely to achieve better than older pupil in literacy regardless of the background under consideration. Implications of the findings for policy and practice as well as further research are outlined. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Grade repetition; Kenya education; Literacy achievement; Over-age pupils; Pupil age; Underage pupils	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937637591	Randomized impact evaluation of education interventions: experiences and lessons from a reading to learn intervention in East Africa	Ngware M.W., Abuya B., Oketch M., Admassu K., Mutisya M., Musyoka P.	2015	International Journal of Research and Method in Education	38	4	10.1080/1743727X.2014.965252	African Population and Health Research Center, APHRC Campus, 2nd Floor, Manga Close Off Kirawa Road, PO Box 10787-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Ngware, M.W., African Population and Health Research Center, APHRC Campus, 2nd Floor, Manga Close Off Kirawa Road, PO Box 10787-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Abuya, B., African Population and Health Research Center, APHRC Campus, 2nd Floor, Manga Close Off Kirawa Road, PO Box 10787-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Oketch, M., African Population and Health Research Center, APHRC Campus, 2nd Floor, Manga Close Off Kirawa Road, PO Box 10787-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Admassu, K., African Population and Health Research Center, APHRC Campus, 2nd Floor, Manga Close Off Kirawa Road, PO Box 10787-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Mutisya, M., African Population and Health Research Center, APHRC Campus, 2nd Floor, Manga Close Off Kirawa Road, PO Box 10787-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Musyoka, P., African Population and Health Research Center, APHRC Campus, 2nd Floor, Manga Close Off Kirawa Road, PO Box 10787-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	This paper presents the experiences and lessons learnt during the design and implementation of the randomized impact evaluation (IE) of a reading to learn (RtL) intervention in early primary grades. The study was to assess the impact of RtL on literacy and numeracy among pupils in low-performing districts in East Africa. The intervention was designed in a way that in each country one district implemented an intervention package that included teacher training, and teaching and learning materials; while the other district implemented this same package with an additional parental involvement component. Baseline data were collected in mid-2009 in Grades 1 and 2, and in 2010 for the incoming Grade 1. The endline data were collected in mid-2011. A total of 119 treatments and 110 control schools participated in the study. The randomized design provided an opportunity to attribute causality and also qualitatively establish pathways through which the intervention impacted on learning. The paper provides lessons learnt and demonstrates how the challenges faced during the evaluation were addressed. Additionally, the paper shows how IE was utilized to provide robust evidence of what works thus enabling policy-makers to make decisions on sustainability and scale-up of education interventions. © 2014 Taylor & Francis.	early grades; impact evaluation; Kenya; learning; literacy; numeracy; reading; Uganda	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927591622	Temperature Variation and heat wave and cold spell impacts on years of life lost among the urban poor population of Nairobi, Kenya	Egondi T., Kyobutungi C., Rocklöv J.	2015	International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health	12	3	10.3390/ijerph120302735	African Population and Health Research Center, P.O. Box 10787-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden	Egondi, T., African Population and Health Research Center, P.O. Box 10787-00100, Nairobi, Kenya, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Kyobutungi, C., African Population and Health Research Center, P.O. Box 10787-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Rocklöv, J., Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden	Weather extremes are associated with adverse health outcomes, including mortality. Studies have investigated the mortality risk of temperature in terms of excess mortality, however, this risk estimate may not be appealing to policy makers assessing the benefits expected for any interventions to be adopted. To provide further evidence of the burden of extreme temperatures, we analyzed the effect of temperature on years of life lost (YLL) due to all-cause mortality among the population in two urban informal settlements. YLL was generated based on the life expectancy of the population during the study period by applying a survival analysis approach. Association between daily maximum temperature and YLL was assessed using a distributed lag nonlinear model. In addition, cold spell and heat wave effects, as defined according to different percentiles, were investigated. The exposure-response curve between temperature and YLL was J-shaped, with the minimum mortality temperature (MMT) of 26 °C. An average temperature of 21 °C compared to the MMT was associated with an increase of 27.4 YLL per day (95% CI, 2.7–52.0 years). However, there was no additional effect for extended periods of cold spells, nor did we find significant associations between YLL to heat or heat waves. Overall, increased YLL from all-causes were associated with cold spells indicating the need for initiating measure for reducing health burdens. © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.	Cold spell; Cold-related mortality; Heat wave; Heat-related mortality; Temperature	climate effect; environmental factor; health geography; health impact; informal settlement; mortality; survival; temperature gradient; urban population; Article; cause of death; cold injury; cold spell; controlled study; environmental impact; environmental monitoring; environmental temperature; heat wave; human; Kenya; life expectancy; mortality; outcome assessment; physical phenomena; social status; survival; temperature sensitivity; temperature variation; thermal analysis; urban area; weather; Kenya; Nairobi [Kenya]; Nairobi [Nairobi (CNT)]	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-65949110577	The impact of female employment on fertility in Dakar (Senegal) and Lomé (Togó)	Beguy D.	2009	Demographic Research	20	None	10.4054/DemRes.2009.20.7	African Population and Health Research Center, Shelter Afrique Center, Longonot Road, Upper Hill, 00100 - GPO Nairobi, Kenya	Beguy, D., African Population and Health Research Center, Shelter Afrique Center, Longonot Road, Upper Hill, 00100 - GPO Nairobi, Kenya	This paper investigates the impact of female employment on fertility in two urban contexts in sub-Saharan Africa: Dakar (Senegal) and Lomé (Togo). The hypothesis that wage employment and maternal obligations are incompatible seems to be corroborated in Lomé, where women are likely to consider work as a legitimate alternative to their role as a mother or spouse. Being involved in economic activity is a real option and can therefore impact upon their reproductive life. By contrast, in Dakar working does not seem to hinder family formation. Greater involvement of women in the labour force is not the main reason for fertility decline in Dakar. These findings illustrate how important it is to consider social gender-specific roles in order to accurately determine the influence of female employment on reproductive life.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856564960	Impact of long-term treatment of onchocerciasis with ivermectin in Kaduna State, Nigeria: First evidence of the potential for elimination in the operational area of the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control	Tekle A.H., Elhassan E., Isiyaku S., Amazigo U.V., Bush S., Noma M., Cousens S., Abiose A., Remme J.H.	2012	Parasites and Vectors	5	1	10.1186/1756-3305-5-2822313631	African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control, WHO/APOC, P. O. Box: 01 B.P. 549, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso; SightSavers Regional Office for Africa, Dakar, Senegal; Sightsavers Nigeria Country Office, 1 Golf Course Road, Kaduna, Nigeria; No. 8 Somto Anugwom Close. Ekulu West, G.R.A. Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria; Sightsavers, PO Box 181909, Airport, Accra, Ghana; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Sightcare International, Secretariat Main Office, P.O. Box 29771, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; APOC, 120 Rue des Campanules, 01210 Ornex, France	Tekle, A.H., African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control, WHO/APOC, P. O. Box: 01 B.P. 549, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso; Elhassan, E., SightSavers Regional Office for Africa, Dakar, Senegal; Isiyaku, S., Sightsavers Nigeria Country Office, 1 Golf Course Road, Kaduna, Nigeria; Amazigo, U.V., No. 8 Somto Anugwom Close. Ekulu West, G.R.A. Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria; Bush, S., Sightsavers, PO Box 181909, Airport, Accra, Ghana; Noma, M., African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control, WHO/APOC, P. O. Box: 01 B.P. 549, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso; Cousens, S., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Abiose, A., Sightcare International, Secretariat Main Office, P.O. Box 29771, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Remme, J.H., APOC, 120 Rue des Campanules, 01210 Ornex, France	Background. Onchocerciasis can be effectively controlled as a public health problem by annual mass drug administration of ivermectin, but it was not known if ivermectin treatment in the long term would be able to achieve elimination of onchocerciasis infection and interruption of transmission in endemic areas in Africa. A recent study in Mali and Senegal has provided the first evidence of elimination after 15-17 years of treatment. Following this finding, the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) has started a systematic evaluation of the long-term impact of ivermectin treatment projects and the feasibility of elimination in APOC supported countries. This paper reports the first results for two onchocerciasis foci in Kaduna, Nigeria. Methods. In 2008, an epidemiological evaluation using skin snip parasitological diagnostic method was carried out in two onchocerciasis foci, in Birnin Gwari Local Government Area (LGA), and in the Kauru and Lere LGAs of Kaduna State, Nigeria. The survey was undertaken in 26 villages and examined 3,703 people above the age of one year. The result was compared with the baseline survey undertaken in 1987. Results. The communities had received 15 to 17 years of ivermectin treatment with more than 75% reported coverage. For each surveyed community, comparable baseline data were available. Before treatment, the community prevalence of O. volvulus microfilaria in the skin ranged from 23.1% to 84.9%, with a median prevalence of 52.0%. After 15 to 17 years of treatment, the prevalence had fallen to 0% in all communities and all 3,703 examined individuals were skin snip negative. Conclusions. The results of the surveys confirm the finding in Senegal and Mali that ivermectin treatment alone can eliminate onchocerciasis infection and probably disease transmission in endemic foci in Africa. It is the first of such evidence for the APOC operational area. © 2012 Tekle et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	APOC; elimination; epidemiological evaluation; Kaduna Nigeria; Onchocerciasis	ivermectin; adolescent; adult; article; child; eradication therapy; feasibility study; female; human; infant; infection control; major clinical study; male; Microfilaria; Nigeria; nonhuman; Onchocerca volvulus; onchocerciasis; preschool child; prevalence; school child; Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Antiparasitic Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Disease Eradication; Female; Humans; Infant; Ivermectin; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Onchocerca volvulus; Onchocerciasis; Prevalence; Public Health; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84944315308	Impact of climate change on brackish water aquaculture development in the coastal areas of Niger Delta	Akinrotimi O.A., Edun O.M.	2015	International Journal of Agricultural Research	10	2	10.3923/ijar.2015.44.53	African Regional Aquaculture Center, Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, P.M.B. 5122, Buguma, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria	Akinrotimi, O.A., African Regional Aquaculture Center, Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, P.M.B. 5122, Buguma, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Edun, O.M., African Regional Aquaculture Center, Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, P.M.B. 5122, Buguma, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria	The issue of climate change has generated a lot of concern among the general public in Niger Delta region in recent time. It has been described in different ways by many people based on their views, perception and understanding. However, little considerations have been given to the impact of climate change on brackish water aquaculture in the coastal areas of Niger Delta. This study therefore, review critically, based on existing literature and field experience, the causes of climate change, impact of climate change on aquaculture production such as: increase in temperature, flooding of ponds, increase in water turbidity, heavy siltation of pond bottom, introduction of new species, collapse of farms infrastructure and fluctuations in salinity levels. Also, various adaptation and mitigation strategies that will ameliorate the impact of climate change in aquaculture operations, namely: reduction in human activities that are inimical to stable climate, selection of good site suitable for fish farming, provision of shading materials for fish cultured in tanks, raising of pond dykes, good management practices and improvement of monitoring and early warning systems are explicitly elucidated. As these strategies will go a long way in minimizing the impact of this menace, in the brackish water zone of the region. Moreover, efforts should be made by relevant institutions and agencies to come up with coordinated plans and policies that will reduce the effects of climate change on brackish water aquaculture in the coastal areas of Niger Delta. © 2015 Academic Journals Inc.	Climate; Coastal environment; Fish; Fish farming; Niger Delta	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949806808	The turn of the south? Social and economic impacts of mega-events in India, Brazil and South Africa	Maharaj B.	2015	Local Economy	30	8	10.1177/0269094215604318	University of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa	Maharaj, B., University of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa	In the neoliberal era, competing to host global sporting events has become a prominent urban promotion strategy, and with a few exceptions, the scholarly focus has been on the western experience. In contrast, this paper focuses on the south experience with specific reference to the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi, the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa and the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil. A common argument is that such sporting events provide global marketing opportunities that can attract foreign investment, which may serve as catalysts for development. A key goal is to promote the status and power of the post-colonial nation-state (although ironically ceding sovereignty to entities like FIFA for the duration of events). While there are some benefits, especially in terms of infrastructure development, the Indian, Brazilian and South African experience suggests that the privileged tend to benefit at the expense of the poor, and socio-economic inequalities were exacerbated. These points are illustrated in this paper with reference to evictions, loss of livelihoods and violations of human rights. Disturbingly, the cost of constructing new sports’ facilities and associated infrastructure escalated phenomenally from the original bid-document estimates, without any public oversight, and some are destined to be white elephants. The mega-events were largely organised and funded by the governments in consultation with the private sector, with little or no accountability to citizens, although such decisions had major implications in terms of the diversion of public spending priorities from more urgent social needs such as housing, healthcare and education. © 2015, © The Author(s) 2015.	evictions; legacy; livelihoods; mega-events; South cities	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-8744262025	Impact assessment of a community-based animal health project in Dollo Ado and Dollo Bay districts, southern Ethiopia	Admassu B., Nega S., Haile T., Abera B., Hussein A., Catley A.	2005	Tropical Animal Health and Production	37	1	10.1023/B:TROP.0000047932.70025.44	African Union/Interafrican Bur. A., PO Box 30786, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya, Kenya; Veterinary Services Team, Ministry of Agriculture, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Ethiopia; Natl. Animal Health Research Centre, Sebeta, Ethiopia, Ethiopia; Action Contre la Faim, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Ethiopia; Regional Bureau of Agriculture, Somali National Regional State, Ethiopia, Ethiopia	Admassu, B., African Union/Interafrican Bur. A., PO Box 30786, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya, Kenya; Nega, S., Veterinary Services Team, Ministry of Agriculture, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Ethiopia; Haile, T., Natl. Animal Health Research Centre, Sebeta, Ethiopia, Ethiopia; Abera, B., Action Contre la Faim, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Ethiopia; Hussein, A., Regional Bureau of Agriculture, Somali National Regional State, Ethiopia, Ethiopia; Catley, A., African Union/Interafrican Bur. A., PO Box 30786, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya, Kenya	Participatory methods were used to assess the impact of a community-based animal health worker (CAHW) project in two remote pastoralist districts of Ethiopia. The CAHW project had been operating for 3 years at the time of the assessment. Participatory methods were standardized and repeated with 10 groups of informants in the project area. The assessment showed significant reductions in disease impact for diseases handled by CAHWs compared with diseases not handled by CAHWs. In camels, there was significant reduction (p<0.001) in the impact of mange, trypanosomosis, helminthosis, anthrax and non-specific respiratory disease. In cattle there was a signficant reduction (p<0.001) in the impact of blackleg, anthrax and helminthosis. In sheep and goats there was a sign reduction (p<0.001) in the impact of mange, helminthosis, contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, orf and non-specific diarrhoea. In order of importance, these reductions in disease impact were attributed to (1) increased use of modern veterinary services provided by CAHWs, (2) vaccination campaigns involving CAHWs, (3) good rainfall and availability of grazing and (4) decreased herd mobility. Decreased herd mobility was also associated with negative impact of tick infestation. Community-based animal health workers were considered to be highly accessible, available, affordable and trustworthy relative to other service providers. They were also perceived to be suppliers of a good quality service. Specific types of positive impact attributed to CAHW activities were increases in milk, meat, income and draught power.	community-based animal health worker; Ethiopia; impact assessment; participatory methods	rain; animal; animal disease; animal husbandry; animal welfare; article; community care; developing country; domestic animal; Ethiopia; health care quality; human; methodology; organization and management; paramedical personnel; standard; vaccination; veterinary medicine; Animal Husbandry; Animal Technicians; Animal Welfare; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Community Networks; Developing Countries; Ethiopia; Humans; Quality of Health Care; Rain; Vaccination; Veterinary Medicine; Acari; Animalia; Anthrax; Bos taurus; Camelidae; Capra; Capra hircus; Mycoplasma; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-66049163407	Impact assessment of the use of insecticide-treated bed nets on parasitaemia and anaemia for malaria control in children, Ogun State, Nigeria	Adah P.O., Mafiana C.F., Sam-Wobo S.O.	2009	Public Health	123	5	10.1016/j.puhe.2008.10.017	Africare Nigeria, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Parasitology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta 110001, Nigeria	Adah, P.O., Africare Nigeria, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Mafiana, C.F., Parasitology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta 110001, Nigeria; Sam-Wobo, S.O., Parasitology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta 110001, Nigeria	[No abstract available]	None	insecticide; anemia; child; disease control; malaria; parasite prevalence; social impact assessment; anemia; article; bed net; child; controlled study; female; human; infant; major clinical study; malaria; malaria control; male; Nigeria; parasite prevalence; parasitemia; Plasmodium falciparum; preschool child; sex difference; urban rural difference; Anemia; Animals; Bedding and Linens; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Insecticides; Malaria; Male; Mosquito Control; Nigeria; Parasitemia; Plasmodium falciparum; Seasons; Africa; Nigeria; Ogun; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
WoS	WOS:000303784900011	Impacts of e-health on the outcomes of care in low- and middle-income countries: where do we go from here?	Fraser, Hamish S. F.,Khoja, Shariq R.,Lun, K. C.,Mechael, Patricia N.,Moura, Lincoln A., Jr.,Piette, John D.,Powell, John	2012	BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION	90	5	10.2471/BLT.11.099069	Aga Khan University, Columbia University, Harvard University, National University of Singapore, University of Warwick, Assis Mouse eHlth, Vet Affairs Ann Arbor Ctr Clin Management Res & D	"Fraser, Hamish S. F.: Harvard University","Khoja, Shariq R.: Aga Khan University","Lun, K. C.: National University of Singapore","Mechael, Patricia N.: Columbia University","Powell, John: University of Warwick",	E-health encompasses a diverse set of informatics tools that have been designed to improve public health and health care. Little information is available on the impacts of e-health programmes, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. We therefore conducted a scoping review of the published and non-published literature to identify data on the effects of e-health on health outcomes and costs. The emphasis was on the identification of unanswered questions for future research, particularly on topics relevant to low- and middle-income countries. Although e-health tools supporting clinical practice have growing penetration globally, there is more evidence of benefits for tools that support clinical decisions and laboratory information systems than for those that support picture archiving and communication systems. Community information systems for disease surveillance have been implemented successfully in several low- and middle-income countries. Although information on outcomes is generally lacking, a large project in Brazil has documented notable impacts on health-system efficiency. Meta-analyses and rigorous trials have documented the benefits of text messaging for improving outcomes such as patients' self-care. Automated telephone monitoring and self-care support calls have been shown to improve some outcomes of chronic disease management, such as glycaemia and blood pressure control, in low- and middle-income countries. Although large programmes for e-health implementation and research are being conducted in many low- and middle-income countries, more information on the impacts of e-health on outcomes and costs in these settings is still needed.	,BEHAVIOR-CHANGE,"DISEASE PREVENTION",FOLLOW-UP,IMPLEMENTATION,"LABORATORY INFORMATION-SYSTEM",RANDOMIZED-TRIAL,SELF-CARE,"SHORT-MESSAGE SERVICE",SOUTH-AFRICA,SUPPORT	None	None
WoS	WOS:000313561800010	Conceptual Framework for Development of Comprehensive e-Health Evaluation Tool	Durrani, Hammad,Khoja, Shariq,Piryani, Usha,Sajwani, Afroz,Scott, Richard E.	2013	TELEMEDICINE AND E-HEALTH	19	1	10.1089/tmj.2012.0073	Aga Khan University, University of Calgary	"Piryani, Usha: Aga Khan University","Sajwani, Afroz: Aga Khan University",	Objective: The main objective of this study was to develop an e-health evaluation tool based on a conceptual framework including relevant theories for evaluating use of technology in health programs. This article presents the development of an evaluation framework for e-health programs. Materials and Methods: The study was divided into three stages: Stage 1 involved a detailed literature search of different theories and concepts on evaluation of e-health, Stage 2 plotted e-health theories to identify relevant themes, and Stage 3 developed a matrix of evaluation themes and stages of e-health programs. Results: The framework identifies and defines different stages of e-health programs and then applies evaluation theories to each of these stages for development of the evaluation tool. This framework builds on existing theories of health and technology evaluation and presents a conceptual framework for developing an e-health evaluation tool to examine and measure different factors that play a definite role in the success of e-health programs. The framework on the horizontal axis divides e-health into different stages of program implementation, while the vertical axis identifies different themes and areas of consideration for e-health evaluation. Conclusions: The framework helps understand various aspects of e-health programs and their impact that require evaluation at different stages of the life cycle. The study led to the development of a new and comprehensive e-health evaluation tool, named the Khoja-Durrani-Scott Framework for e-Health Evaluation.	e-health,evaluation,FRAMEWORK,OUTCOMES,THEORIES,INFORMATION-SYSTEMS,NEED,SERVICES	None	None
WoS	WOS:000287817800001	Parental control and monitoring of young people's sexual behaviour in rural North-Western Tanzania: Implications for sexual and reproductive health interventions	Fenwick, Angela,Stones, William,Urassa, Mark,Wamoyi, Joyce,Zaba, Basia	2011	BMC PUBLIC HEALTH	11	None	10.1186/1471-2458-11-106	Aga Khan University, University of London, University of Southampton, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine	"Fenwick, Angela: University of Southampton",	Background: Parenting through control and monitoring has been found to have an effect on young people's sexual behaviour. There is a dearth of literature from sub-Saharan Africa on this subject. This paper examines parental control and monitoring and the implications of this on young people's sexual decision making in a rural setting in North-Western Tanzania. Methods: This study employed an ethnographic research design. Data collection involved 17 focus group discussions and 46 in-depth interviews conducted with young people aged 14-24 years and parents/carers of young people within this age-group. Thematic analysis was conducted with the aid of NVIVO 7 software. Results: Parents were motivated to control and monitor their children's behaviour for reasons such as social respectability and protecting them from undesirable sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes. Parental control and monitoring varied by family structure, gender, schooling status, a young person's contribution to the economic running of the family and previous experience of a SRH outcome such as unplanned pregnancy. Children from single parent families reported that they received less control compared to those from both parent families. While a father's presence in the family seemed important in controlling the activities of young people, a mother's did not have a similar effect. Girls especially those still schooling received more supervision compared to boys. Young women who had already had unplanned pregnancy were not supervised as closely as those who hadn't. Parents employed various techniques to control and monitor their children's sexual activities. Conclusions: Despite parents making efforts to control and monitor their young people's sexual behaviour, they are faced with several challenges (e. g. little time spent with their children) which make it difficult for them to effectively monitor them. There is a need for interventions such as parenting skills building that might enable parents to improve their relationships with children. This would equip parents with the appropriate skills for positive guidance and monitoring of their children and avoid inappropriate parenting behaviour. As much as parents focus their attention on their school going daughters, there is a need to also remember the out-of-school young people as they are also vulnerable to adverse SRH outcomes.	,ADOLESCENCE,AFRICAN-AMERICAN,DESIGN,FAMILY,HIV,MOTHERS,"RISK BEHAVIORS"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84945410130	Diabetes: knowledge, psychosocial impact, and attitude of patients	Achigbu E.O., Oputa R.N., Achigbu K.I., Ahuche I.U.	2015	International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries	35	None	10.1007/s13410-015-0368-2	Department of Ophthalmology, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Department of Paediatrics, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	Achigbu, E.O., Department of Ophthalmology, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Oputa, R.N., Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Achigbu, K.I., Department of Paediatrics, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Ahuche, I.U., Department of Ophthalmology, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	The scourge of diabetes has been increasing worldwide with a tendency to double, from 176 to 370 million people by 2030 according to WHO prediction. In Nigeria, only 20 % of the 3.2 million estimated to have diabetes are aware of it. Among those already diagnosed, about 50 % have poor glycaemic control attributable to poor diabetes self-management despite effective medication. Diabetes self-management in addition to medical therapy, lifestyle modification and education are key to the management of diabetes. This study aims to determine the knowledge, psychosocial impact and attitude of people with diabetes to diabetes with a view to make recommendations for a more encompassing patient-based management of diabetes. A cross-sectional study using a structured questionnaire in the endocrinology clinic of the Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, interviewed 104 consecutive newly diagnosed patients with diabetes who willingly consented to the study. One hundred and four patients with an equal male to female ratio were interviewed. The 41–60-year (78.8 %) age group and traders (66.3 %) constituted the greatest number. Majority (58.7 %) heard of diabetes prior to their diagnosis, but many (41.3 %) did not. This knowledge was significantly associated with occupation (0.022). Many (84.6 %) were willing to disclose diagnosis to family and friends as well as join a support group (61.5 %). But, the major reason for this inclination was wrong. Many never heard of diabetes prior to their diagnosis. In spite of being aware, a diagnosis of diabetes is associated with different emotional responses and attitudes including willingness to disclose their diagnosis and get support. Appropriate treatment based on current medical knowledge, self-management education and development of diabetic support groups is recommended. © 2015, Research Society for Study of Diabetes in India.	Attitude; Diabetes; Knowledge; Psychology	None	None
WoS	WOS:000265567000026	The univariate and bivariate impact of HIV/AIDS on the quality of life: A cross sectional study in the Hubei Province-Central China	Bapumiia, Mustaafa,Jackson, Felicia Williams,Kobelo, Theresia M.,Liu, LI,Mkangara, Ommari Baaliy,Mweri, Saumu Tobbi,Nie, Shaofa,Wang, Chongjian,Xiang, Hao,Xu, Yihua	2009	JOURNAL OF HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MEDICAL SCIENCES	29	2	10.1007/s11596-009-0226-x	Agakhan Hosp, Hondros Coll, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol	None	This study is aimed to evaluate the quality of life (QOL) for individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Hubei province-central China by using WHOQOL-BREF instrument (Chinese version). One hundred and thirty six respondents (HIV/AIDS individuals) attending out-patient department of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese CDC) were administered a structured questionnaire developed by investigators. QOL was evaluated by using WHOQOL-BREF instrument (Chinese version). The results showed that the mean score of overall QOL on a scale of 0-100 was 25.8. The mean scores in 4 domains of QOL on a scale of 0-100 were 82.9 (social domain), 27.5 (psychological domain), 17.7 (physical domain) and 11.65 (environmental domain). The significant difference of QOL was noted in the score of physical domain between asymptomatic (14.6) and early symptomatic individuals (12) (P=0.014), and between patients with early symptoms (12) and those with AIDS (10.43) (P &lt; 0.001). QOL in psychological domain was significantly lower in early symptomatic (12.1) (P &lt; 0.05) and AIDS patients (12.4) (P &lt; 0.006) than in asymptomatic individuals (14.2). The difference in QOL scores in the psychological domain was significant with respect to the income of patients (P &lt; 0.048) and educational status (P &lt; 0.037). Significantly better QOL scores in the physical domain (P &lt; 0.040) and environmental domain (P &lt; 0.017) were noted with respect to the occupation of the patients. Patients with family support had better QOL scores in environmental domain. In our research, QOL for HIV/AIDS individuals was associated with education, occupation, income, family support and clinical categories of the patients. It was concluded that WHOQOL-BREF Chinese version was successfully used in the evaluation of QOL of HIV/AIDS individuals in Chinese population and proved to be a reliable and useful tool.	AIDS,BIVARIATE,"CENTRAL CHINA",HIV,IMPACT,univariate,"WHOQOL-Bref Chinese version",DISEASE,"SOCIAL SUPPORT"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904244528	Development and performance evaluation of a motorized fish smoking kiln	Ashaolu Michael O.	2014	Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development	5	3	10.4172/2155-9546.1000225	Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering Department, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu Lagos, Nigeria	Ashaolu Michael, O., Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering Department, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu Lagos, Nigeria	Fish smoking is a major activity in the fish industry. In most riverside areas in Nigeria, where fish business is very prominent smoking operations are mostly carried out manually and under unhygienic conditions. The concept of the smoking kiln development is to ease the drudgery associated with traditional methods (drum smoking) in the riverside communities. In this study, a motorized fish smoking kiln was designed, fabricated with locally available materials. The smoking process is based on natural convection of heated air with temperature ranging between 60°C and 110°C. The fish smoking kiln has an overall dimension of1600×1220×70 mm and uses charcoal as the main source of energy. The average capacity of the smoking chamber is 120 kg. The performance test was conducted to ascertain its performance. The result showed that moisture content was reduced from 80% to 30% with an average smoking time of 60 mins. The study concluded that fishes smoked by the kiln have a longer shelf life during storage when compared with traditional (drum) method, due to hot smoking temperature which reduces moisture faster. The overall average percentage weight loss obtained for three species tested are as follows: Etholmosa Fimbriata (sawa)-36%, Scombridae mackerel (37%) and Clarias gariepinus (cat fish) -45%. © 2014 Ashaolu Michael O.	Charcoal; Fish; Motorized; Shelf-life; Smoking kiln; Temperature	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926201819	Feed formulation and feeding impact on the performance of dairy cows in Central Highland of Ethiopia	Assaminew S., Ashenafi M.	2015	Livestock Research for Rural Development	27	4	None	Agricultural College, ATVET, Holetta, Ethiopia; College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia	Assaminew, S., Agricultural College, ATVET, Holetta, Ethiopia; Ashenafi, M., College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia	The study was conducted on private urban and periurban dairy production systems around Holetta, Central Highland of Ethiopia, with the objective to assess the existing feed formulation and feeding of crossbred dairy cows in terms of nutrient supply in relation to the performances. Structured questionnaire and laboratory analysis for home-mixed concentrate were employed to generate data from a total of 60 dairy farms. The average of home-mixed concentrates chemical composition for urban and periurban farm, respectively, were 209 and 224 g/kg dry matter (DM) of crude protein (CP), 3.85 and 5.28 g/kg DM calcium (Ca) and 10.6 and 9.74 g/kg DM of phosphorus (P). The nutrients supplied per kg of milk through home-mixed concentrates for urban and periurban crossbred dairy cows, respectively, were 92.6 and 93.5 g CP, 1.70 and 2.21 g Ca and 4.69 and 4.04 g P. The average daily milk yield (ADMY)/cow/day, calving interval(CI) and days open(DO) for urban and periurban farms, respectively, were 11.1 and 9.28 kg, 14.3 and 15.4 months, and 152 and 176 days. Significant variations in terms of nutrient supply through home-mixed concentrate between the production subsystems of the study site existed. Thus, big variations in nutrient supply and imbalances resulted in an apparently low performance of dairy animals in terms of ADMY, CI and DO as compared to what was expected. © 2015, Fundacion CIPAV. All rights reserved.	Calving interval; Days open; Home-mixed concentrates; Milk yield; Periurban; Urban	Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36448939790	Reproductive performance of crossbred dairy cows in Eastern Lowlands of Ethiopia	Mureda E., Zeleke Z.M.	2007	Livestock Research for Rural Development	19	11	None	Agricultural College, ATVET, Holleta, Ethiopia; Bair Dar University, P.O.Box 1866, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia	Mureda, E., Agricultural College, ATVET, Holleta, Ethiopia; Zeleke, Z.M., Bair Dar University, P.O.Box 1866, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia	A study was conducted to assess reproductive performances of 304 crossbred (Holstein Friesian x Zebu) dairy cows kept in small (SSDP), medium (MSDP) and large scale dairy production (LSDP) systems in Eastern lowland of Ethiopia. The overall mean age at first service (AFS) and at first calving (AFC) across all production systems were 25.6 (n=283) and 36.2 (n=210) months, respectively. The AFS and AFC were significantly longer (P≤0.05) in the MSDP than in the SSDP and LSDP systems. The overall mean intervals from calving to first service (CFSI) and from calving to conception (CCI) were 162.5 (n=149) and 218.5 (n=108) days, respectively. The crossbred cows under SSDP management system had shorter (P≤0.05) CFSI and CCI than those managed under MSDP and LSDP. The CFSI and CCI were the longest (P≤0.05) for the first and beyond 6th parities as compared to 2nd, 3rd and 4th parities. The mean calving interval (CI) across all production systems was 17.8 (n=155) months. Cows managed under SSDP system had significantly shorter (P≤0.05) CI as compared to cows managed under MSDP and LSDP. The overall pregnancy, calving and conception to first service rates were 72.8%, 63.4% and 45.9%, respectively with no significant difference (P≥ 0.05) among production systems. In conclusion, crossbred cows under the SSDP management systems had better reproductive performance followed by cows in LSDP. Developing feed resource, effective reproductive health management and reliable AI service could be management options to mitigate some of the prevailing problems.	Crossbred cows; Production system; Reproduction	Bos; Bos indicus; Friesia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956693880	Impact of variable-rate application of nitrogen on yield and profit: A case study from South Africa	Maine N., Lowenberg-DeBoer J., Nell W.T., Alemu Z.G.	2010	Precision Agriculture	11	5	10.1007/s11119-009-9139-8	Agricultural Development Programmes, P.O. Box 440, Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; International Programs in Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Development Bank of Southern Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa	Maine, N., Agricultural Development Programmes, P.O. Box 440, Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Lowenberg-DeBoer, J., International Programs in Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Nell, W.T., Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Alemu, Z.G., Development Bank of Southern Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa	The response of maize (Zea mays) to banded variable-rate nitrogen (N) application over a period of 3 years (2002/3-2004/5) is analyzed. The experimental design alternated variable-rate (VR) and single-rate (SR) applications of N. The yield monitor data were spatially autocorrelated and therefore were analyzed with spatial regression methods. The baseline spatial regression model defined in this study showed that the VR treatment, treatment by year and treatment by management zone were statistically significant. Sensitivity tests were applied; the first showed that VR treatment had a yield advantage when soil depth was greater than the field average of 174 cm. The second test showed that the VR N rates applied were close to those that would maximize profit. Partial budgeting indicates that benefits from VR vary from year to year, but in this test VR was slightly more profitable than uniform rate application. Economic sensitivity testing indicates that farm size and the price of maize are the key factors in the profitability of VR N. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Precision agriculture; South Africa; Spatial regression models; Variable-rate application	agricultural economics; crop yield; experimental design; farm size; fertilizer application; maize; nitrogen; precision agriculture; profitability; regression analysis; soil depth; spatial analysis; yield response; South Africa; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57049185124	Evaluation of some physico-chemical properties of Shea-butter (Butyrospermum paradoxum) related to its value for food and industrial utilisation	Chukwu O., Adgidzi P.P.	2008	International Journal of Postharvest Technology and Innovation	1	3	10.1504/IJPTI.2008.021466	Agricultural Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	Chukwu, O., Agricultural Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Adgidzi, P.P., Agricultural Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	The physical and chemical properties of edible oils influence their suitability for use in food and other process industries. The aim of this study was to determine the physico-chemical properties and proximate composition of Shea-butter oil. Results obtained showed that Shea-butter has the following chemical properties: acid value (3.825), iodine number (43.27), peroxide value (12.85), saponification value (196.90) and unsaponifiable matter (6.23%). Other physico-chemical properties quantified were moisture content (1.37%), ash content (1.26%), total fat (75.03%), carbohydrate content (22.34%), refractive index (1.452), relative density (0.906) and melting point (27°C). These results showed that the physico-chemical properties and proximate composition of Shea-butter are comparable with the properties of groundnut oil which is widely used for cooking and industrial food processes. Copyright © 2008 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	Chemical properties; Edible oil; Physico-chemical properties; Sheabutter	Arachis; Butyrospermum; Vitellaria paradoxa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-53749102149	Effects of environmental variables on poultry performance and pond water quality in an integrated poultry/fishery farming	Falayi F.R., Ogunlowo A.S., Alatise M.O.	2008	European Journal of Scientific Research	20	4	None	Agricultural Engineering Department, The Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Falayi, F.R., Agricultural Engineering Department, The Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Ogunlowo, A.S., Agricultural Engineering Department, The Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Alatise, M.O., Agricultural Engineering Department, The Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	The need to find alternative but productive means of managing animal waste in the modern day agriculture waste cannot be over emphasised. One important means of managing these wastes is through conversion to important use either as animal feeds or as manures. Fish farming can be combined with poultry, animal husbandry and irrigation practices, which can lead to higher production and net profits. This practice is called integrated fish farming or integrated aquaculture. The integration of animal husbandry, especially poultry, with fish farming in a small scale results in the production of organic manure for the fertilization of the fish pond to increase the production of the natural food organism (planktonic algae) to be eaten by the fish. In some cases, the poultry wastes are used as direct food by some fish without supplementary feedings, such species include Nile Tilapia and catfish. An integrated poultry/fishery housing unit was designed and constructed such that poultry droppings were made to drop into the ponds directly and used as feed for clarias gariepinus. The set-up was made of four concrete ponds on which three wooden battery cages were mounted except the fourth pond which served as the control. The ponds were stocked with twenty (20) juvenile clarias garipinus each. There were four treatments and 3 replicates, fish in pond 1, two and three were fed with droppings from one broiler, two broilers and three broilers respectively. While fish in ponds 4 were fed with the fish concentrate. A total of 6 birds (4 weeks old) and 80 juvenile clarias gariepinus were used. This experiment lasted for 6 months. During this period, the environmental parameters were monitored and the effect of poultry waste on the development of the fish was analysed. There were remarkable differences in the microclimate inside and outside the building. The birds were well protected from harsh environmental conditions and a uniform development was recorded. Pollution resulting from the use of poultry droppings adversely affected the development of the fish. Increase in the volume of droppings led to increase in the Bio-Chemical oxygen demand and Chemical Oxygen demand of the pond water which consequently led to a decrease in the dissolved oxygen. Water turbidity also increased with increased droppings. Other water parameters like conductivity, chloride and pH values were within acceptable values suggested in literatures. The system has shown the possibility of effective poultry waste management technique which ensured that nothing is wasted and waste handling problem is grossly reduced. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2008.	Droppings; Fishery; Integrated; Pond; Poultry	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919790050	Comparative evaluation of economic benefits of earthen fish ponds and concrete tanks in aquaculture enterprises in Oyo state, Nigeria [Usporedba procjene ekonomske koristi zemljanih bazena ribnjaka i betonskih spremnika u akvakulturnom poduzetništvu držav	Olaoye O.J., Adegbite D.A., Oluwalana E.O., Vaughan I.O., Odebiyi C.O., Adediji A.P.	2014	Ribarstvo, Croatian Journal of Fisheries	72	3	None	Agricultural Media Resources and Extension Centre, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Institute of Food Security, Environmental Resources and Agricultural Research, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B.	Olaoye, O.J., Agricultural Media Resources and Extension Centre, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Adegbite, D.A., Agricultural Media Resources and Extension Centre, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Oluwalana, E.O., Agricultural Media Resources and Extension Centre, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Vaughan, I.O., Institute of Food Security, Environmental Resources and Agricultural Research, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State,, Nigeria; Odebiyi, C.O., Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Adediji, A.P., Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	The study focused on the comparative evaluation of economic benefits of earthen fish ponds and concrete tanks in aquaculture enterprises in Ibadan, Oyo state. Primary data were collected with the aid of structured interview schedule, administered through personal interviews and obser- vations to elicit information from 100 fish farmers using purposive and convenience sampling procedure. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive, budgetary and inferential statistics. The study revealed that the mean age, male, married, household size, educated and fish farm- ing experience were 41 years, 83.0%, 87.0%, 5 persons, 96.0% and 8 years, respectively. Earthen fish ponds users earned mean revenue of ₦3,322,189.85 with gross margin of ₦2,188,397.89 while concrete tank users earned ₦2,412,271.08 with gross margin of ₦1,413,299.46. The results showed profitability indices (0.61 and 0.47), Variable Cost ratio (0.35 and 0.30), Benefit Cost Ratio (2.55 and 1.89), Gross ratio (0.40 and 0.54) and Expenses structure ratio (0.13 and 0.23) for both the earthen ponds and concrete fish tanks, respectively. There were significant differences (t = 42.53, p≤0.05) between the profit level of earthen fish ponds and con- crete tanks. Major constraints affecting economic status of the respond- ents were high cost of quality feed, insufficient funds, poaching and poor marketing channel. In conclusion, aquaculture is a more profitable and vi- able business regardless of the culture system. Government should assist the fish farmers by subsidizing feeds cost, granting and monitoring of loan. © The Author(s) 2014. Published by University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture. All rights reserved.	Comparative evaluation; Concrete tanks; Earthen fish ponds; Economic benefits; Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903935462	Impact of microfinance bank loan on aquaculture development in Ogun State, Nigeria	Jacob O.O., Christianah O.O.	2013	Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities	21	3	None	Agricultural Media Resources and Extension Centre, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Jacob, O.O., Agricultural Media Resources and Extension Centre, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Christianah, O.O., Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	This study was conducted to assess the impacts of microfinance bank loan on beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries aquaculturists in Ogun state, Nigeria. A total of eighty aquaculturists (40 beneficiaries and 40 non-beneficiaries) were randomly selected from four agricultural extension zones, as classified by Ogun State Agricultural Development Programme (OGADEP). Data collected were scored and the percentages of the parameters were calculated appropriately. The types of loan disbursed to beneficiaries revealed that 27.5% was in kind, 7.5% in cash, and the remaining 65% was both in cash and kind. The credit package ranged between N50,000 and N250,000, with 40% of them ranging between N 100,001 and N150,000 were approved, and 70% of the loans were released timely. The results obtained from the membership of cooperative showed that 87.5% of the beneficiaries and 37.5% of the non-beneficiaries were cooperators. Meanwhile, 65% of the beneficiaries earned a higher income (N62,500), while only 42.5% of the non-beneficiaries earned this amount per respondent. Major constraints hindering aquaculture development in the study area include high cost of feeding, poor marketing channel, lack of adequate capital and high cost of investment. Lastly, recommendations are made for the financial institutions, government and other lending institutions on how to improve the livelihood of the aquaculturists, i.e. by increasing the loans that are usually granted. © Universiti Putra Malaysia Press.	Aquaculture; Constraints; Loan and microfinance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930884256	Multienvironment performance of new orange-fleshed sweetpotato cultivars in South Africa	Laurie S.M., Booyse M., Labuschagne M.T., Greyling M.M.	2015	Crop Science	55	4	10.2135/cropsci2014.09.0664	Agricultural Research Council (ARC)–Roodeplaat Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute, Pretoria, South Africa; ARC–Biometry Unit, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Dep. of Plant Sciences, Univ. Of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Laurie, S.M., Agricultural Research Council (ARC)–Roodeplaat Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute, Pretoria, South Africa; Booyse, M., ARC–Biometry Unit, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Labuschagne, M.T., Dep. of Plant Sciences, Univ. Of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Greyling, M.M., Agricultural Research Council (ARC)–Roodeplaat Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute, Pretoria, South Africa	Vitamin A deficiency is a serious health problem in South Africa, as in several parts of the world. One strategy to combat micronutrient deficiency is through biofortification, particularly through orange-fleshed sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam]. Previously, a shortage existed in South Africa of orange-fleshed genotypes with a combination of high dry mass, good yield, and good taste. Local cream-fleshed parents and orange-fleshed US introductions were used in the local polycross program. This study aimed at testing the agronomic performance, stability, and genetic diversity of newly developed orange-fleshed genotypes. Twelve entries, nine with orange flesh color, were evaluated at four sites for two seasons in multienvironment trials and the data was subjected to ANOVA and genotype plus genotype-by-environment interaction (GGE) biplot analysis. Simple-sequence repeat (SSR) analysis of the 12 entries was done followed by hierarchical clustering. Two of the orange-fleshed cultivars were recommended for production and plant breeders’ rights were registered for these. Cultivar Impilo produced stable, high root yield similar to the commercial control cultivar Beauregard; while the elite breeding line Purple Sunset (2001_5_2) had high yield and specific adaptability. Both displayed average dry mass and acceptable taste. The genetic analysis indicated relatedness of most new genotypes with the cream-fleshed parents used in the polycross program. The improved cultivars offer considerable yield advantage above US introductions previously recommended for combating vitamin A deficiency. © Crop Science Society of America.	None	Ipomoea batatas	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-39849103457	Farmers' agronomic and social evaluation of productivity, yield and N 2-fixation in different cowpea varieties and their subsequent residual N effects on a succeeding maize crop	Adjei-Nsiah S., Kuyper T.W., Leeuwis C., Abekoe M.K., Cobbinah J., Sakyi-Dawson O., Giller K.E.	2008	Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems	80	3	10.1007/s10705-007-9133-3	Agricultural Research Centre-Kade, Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen 6708 PB, Netherlands; P.O. Box 47, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands; Communication and Innovation Studies Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Sector, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Accra, Ghana; Department of Agricultural Extension, School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands	Adjei-Nsiah, S., Agricultural Research Centre-Kade, Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Kuyper, T.W., Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen 6708 PB, Netherlands, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands; Leeuwis, C., Communication and Innovation Studies Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Abekoe, M.K., Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Cobbinah, J., Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Sector, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Accra, Ghana; Sakyi-Dawson, O., Department of Agricultural Extension, School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Giller, K.E., Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands	Cowpea-maize rotations form an important component of the farming systems of smallholder farmers in the forest/savannah transitional agro-ecological zone of Ghana. We evaluated five cowpea varieties for grain yield, N 2-fixation, biomass production, and contribution to productivity of subsequent maize grown in rotation. We further analyzed the interrelationship between these technical dimensions and the social acceptability of these cowpea varieties for farmers. Cowpea grain yield ranged between 1.1 and 1.4 t ha -1 with no significant yield differences among the different varieties. Using the 15N natural abundance technique, the average proportion of N2 fixed ranged between 61% for Ayiyi and 77% for Legon prolific. This resulted in average amounts of N2 fixed in above-ground biomass ranging between 32 and 67 kg N ha-1, respectively. Variation in estimates due to differences in δ15N among reference plants were larger than differences between cowpea varieties. The amount of soil-derived N ranged from 15 to 20 kg N ha-1. The above-ground net N contribution of the cowpea varieties to the soil (after adjusting for N export in grains) was highest for Legon Prolific (31 kg N ha-1) due to high N2-fixation and high leaf biomass production. Maize grain yield after cowpea without application of mineral N fertilizer ranged between 0.4 t ha-1 with maize after maize to 1.5 t ha-1 with Legon Prolific. The N fertilizer equivalence values for the cowpea varieties ranged between 18 and 60 kg N ha-1. IT810D-1010 was ranked by the farmers as the most preferred cowpea variety due to its white seed type, short-duration, ease of harvesting and good market value. Despite the high leaf biomass production and high amount of N2 fixed by Legon Prolific, it was generally the least preferred variety due to lower market price, late maturity, least potential cash income (due to the red mottled seed type) and difficulty in harvesting. Although farmers recognized the contribution of cowpea to soil fertility and yields of subsequent maize, they did not consider this as an important criterion for varietal selection. Soil fertility improvement must be considered as an additional benefit rather than a direct selection criterion when designing more sustainable smallholder farming systems. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	15N natural abundance; Crop rotations; Forage cowpea; Marketability	aboveground biomass; agricultural management; agroecology; crop production; crop rotation; crop yield; farmers knowledge; farming system; legume; maize; nitrogen fixation; Africa; Ghana; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84890794785	The impact of Pseudotheraptus wayi Brown (Hemiptera: Coreidae) on premature fruit drop and yield of Litchi chinensis in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa	Schoeman P.S., Mohlala R.	2013	International Journal of Pest Management	59	4	10.1080/09670874.2013.859332	Agricultural Research Council - Institute for Tropical and Subtropical Crops, Private Bag X 11208, Nelspruit 1200, South Africa	Schoeman, P.S., Agricultural Research Council - Institute for Tropical and Subtropical Crops, Private Bag X 11208, Nelspruit 1200, South Africa; Mohlala, R., Agricultural Research Council - Institute for Tropical and Subtropical Crops, Private Bag X 11208, Nelspruit 1200, South Africa	This is the first record of the coconut bug Pseudotheraptus wayi on litchis in South Africa. Although damage on immature fruit was often in excess of 50%, chemical control of P. wayi did not necessarily increase yields. Litchi trees flower profusely and are probably able to compensate for damage which occurs early in the production season. Because litchis have a strong tendency towards biennial bearing, it was speculated that P. wayi could have a detrimental effect in orchards producing below-average yields. Since P. wayi damaged approximately 50% of the immature fruit in the Nelspruit region, it is safe to assume that litchi is a good alternative host for this insect. Producers of other subtropical fruit should take cognizance of this observation and adapt control programmes for hemipterans in adjoining orchards if necessary. © 2013 Agricultural Research Council, South Africa.	host plants; Litchi chinensis; Pseudotheraptus wayi; stink bugs; subtropical fruit	chemical control; crop damage; fruit production; host plant; insect; new record; orchard; yield response; Mpumalanga; South Africa; Coreidae; Hemiptera; Hexapoda; Litchi chinensis; Pentatomidae; Pseudotheraptus wayi	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927513994	Impact of mass rearing and gamma irradiation on thermal tolerance of Eldana saccharina	Mudavanhu P., Addison P., Conlong D.E.	2014	Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata	153	1	10.1111/eea.12228	Agricultural Research Council - Plant Protection Research Institute (ARC-PPRI), Private Bag X5017, Vredenburg Campus, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; South African Sugarcane Research Institute, 170 Flanders Drive, Mt Edgecombe, Durban, South Africa	Mudavanhu, P., Agricultural Research Council - Plant Protection Research Institute (ARC-PPRI), Private Bag X5017, Vredenburg Campus, Stellenbosch, South Africa, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Addison, P., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Conlong, D.E., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa, South African Sugarcane Research Institute, 170 Flanders Drive, Mt Edgecombe, Durban, South Africa	Mating ability, survival, and fitness of mass-produced sterile insects when released into the wild, are critical to the success of the sterile insect technique (SIT) as a pest management strategy, but their field performance remains one of the greatest challenges. Thermal stress tolerance by irradiated insects is a determinant of sterile insect quality, hence knowledge of their physiological competitiveness is essential for developing the SIT. Here, we report the results of experiments investigating effects of laboratory rearing and increasing radiation dosage on thermal limits to activity of the adult stage of Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The critical thermal maximum (CTmax) and critical thermal minimum (CTmin) were assayed using a dynamic method on both sexes of E. saccharina moths in laboratory vs. wild populations (to determine effect of rearing history). Furthermore, the laboratory population was exposed to 150, 200, and 250 Gy, to determine the effect of radiation dose. Laboratory-reared E. saccharina were more heat tolerant compared to wild moths for both sexes (CTmax = 44.5 vs. 44.3 °C), whereas in the case of CTmin (3.7 vs. 4.4 °C), wild moths were more cold tolerant than their laboratory-reared counterparts. Irradiation had a negative effect on both CTmax and CTmin. Moths treated at the lowest radiation dose were more cold and heat tolerant than those treated at the highest dosages (CTmin = 4.5 vs. 6.2 °C; CTmax = 43.9 vs. 43.5 °C), thereby reinforcing the importance of lower dosages rather than those that induce full sterility against E. saccharina. In general, sex had no influence on critical thermal limits in all moth treatments except for those irradiated at 150 Gy. The data presented in this article provide evidence that increasing radiation dose impacts on fitness of laboratory-produced moths relative to their wild counterparts, which in turn could affect the effectiveness of the SIT programme. © 2014 The Netherlands Entomological Society.	Critical thermal limits; Laboratory domestication; Lepidoptera; Physiological fitness; Pyralidae; Radiation treatment; SIT; Sterile insect technique; Sugarcane	Eldana saccharina; Hexapoda; Lepidoptera; Pyralidae; Saccharina	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34250872220	The impact of cold temperatures during grain maturation on selected quality parameters of wheat	Craven M., Barnard A., Labuschagne M.T.	2007	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	87	9	10.1002/jsfa.2927	Agricultural Research Council - Small Grain Institute, Private Bag X21, Bethlehem 9700, South Africa; Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Agricultural Research Council - Grain Crops Institute (ARC-GCI), Private Bag X1251, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa	Craven, M., Agricultural Research Council - Small Grain Institute, Private Bag X21, Bethlehem 9700, South Africa, Agricultural Research Council - Grain Crops Institute (ARC-GCI), Private Bag X1251, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa; Barnard, A., Agricultural Research Council - Small Grain Institute, Private Bag X21, Bethlehem 9700, South Africa; Labuschagne, M.T., Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	The influence of sudden cold spells during grain filling of wheat on the quality traits of three South African hard red wheat cultivars (Gariep, Elands and Tugela-DN) was studied, with the emphasis on Hagberg falling number (HFN). Four treatments were used (-1°C at soft dough stage, -1°C at late milk stage, -4°C at soft dough stage and -4°C at late milk stage) and were administered for one night only. From the results it was concluded that, although limited in duration, such frost conditions did have an effect on the quality of the wheat cultivars. Cultivars differed in their response to the various treatments but also as to what quality traits were affected the most. The -4°C at late milk stage resulted in significantly reduced HFN being measured for both Elands and Tugela-DN. A similar effect was observed for Gariep, but was not statistically significant. Although the response was limited to the main tillers only, the conclusion was made that it is probable that the reduced HFN would be visible in the pooled sample of head and side tillers. A screening protocol was suggested that would allow classification of cultivars for frost tolerance. © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry.	Frost; Hagberg falling number; Quality parameters; Wheat	Tragelaphus oryx; Triticum aestivum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-51349138067	Integrated community-based growth monitoring and vegetable gardens focusing on crops rich in β-carotene: Project evaluation in a rural community in the Eastern Cape, South Africa	Laurie S.M., Faber M.	2008	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	88	12	10.1002/jsfa.3319	Agricultural Research Council - Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute (ARC-VOPI), Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Nutritional Intervention Research Unit, Medical Research Council (MRC), P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa	Laurie, S.M., Agricultural Research Council - Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute (ARC-VOPI), Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Faber, M., Nutritional Intervention Research Unit, Medical Research Council (MRC), P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa	BACKGROUND: Cultivation in β-carotene vegetables was promoted in a crop-based intervention in Lusikisiki, Eastern Cape, South Africa. The project also included nutrition education and community-based growth monitoring, and focused on technology transfer and mobilisation of local organisations. Three years after initiation of the project, participating (n = 219) and non-participating (n = 223) households were compared in terms of child morbidity, nutritional knowledge, dietary intake and gardening practices. RESULTS: Compared to control households, more caregivers from project households thought that yellow fruit and vegetables were good for their children (73% vs. 45%; P < 0.001), were familiar with the term 'vitamin A' (89% vs. 63%; P < 0.001), knew that vitamin A is a nutrient in food (83% vs. 53%; P < 0.001), and could name three food sources rich in vitamin A (56% vs. 27%; P < 0.001). Fewer 1-5-year-old children in the project households reportedly experienced vomiting (6% vs. 13%; P = 0.012), fever (30% vs. 42%; P = 0.008), sores on the skin (6% vs. 19%; P < 0.001), continuous runny nose (20% vs. 33%; P = 0.002), diarrhoea (2% vs. 7%; P = 0.026) and poor appetite (7% vs. 14%; P = 0.016). Children from project households consumed carrot (P = 0.008), butternut (P = 0.002), spinach (P = 0.004) and orange-fleshed sweetpotato (P = 0.028) more frequently than children from control households. CONCLUSION: The agricultural intervention, combined with nutrition education and community-based growth monitoring, showed a favourable effect on child morbidity, nutritional knowledge and dietary intake of β-carotene-rich vegetables. Agricultural interventions can therefore contribute significantly towards nutritional outcomes. © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry.	Crop-based approach; Ipomoea batatas; Provitamin A-rich vegetables	Daucus carota; Ipomoea batatas; Juglans cinerea; Spinacia oleracea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953759638	The effect of increasing levels of dried leaves of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) on dry matter intake and body weight gain performance of broiler finisher chickens	Tsega W., Tamir B.	2009	Livestock Research for Rural Development	21	12	None	Andassa Livestock Research Center, P.O. Box, 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Addis Ababa University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ethiopia	Tsega, W., Andassa Livestock Research Center, P.O. Box, 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Tamir, B., Addis Ababa University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ethiopia	This study was conducted with the objective of determining the effects of increasing levels of air dried leaves of sweet potato on dry matter intake and body weight gain of Ross broiler finisher chickens. Three hundred chicks with similar body weight of 540 ± 5.28 g and aging 29 days were randomly distributed using completely randomized design in to 15 pens each with 20 chicks and five treatment rations were allocated each with three replications. The five dietary treatments consisted of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% air dried leaves of sweet potato. The experimental feed ingredients as well as the formulated rations were analyzed for dry matter and nutrient contents. The experiment lasted for 28 days during which dry matter intake and body weight change was measured. The laboratory chemical analysis results showed that dried leaves of sweet potato contained 25% crude protein and 2672.44 kcal ME /kg dry matter, indicating its potential to be used as sources of both protein and energy. The dry matter intake and body weight gain of birds fed on diets containing dried leaves of sweet potato up to 10% inclusion was similar with the control group. But, beyond 10% air dried leaves of sweet potato inclusion, the dry matter intake and body weight gain were reduced from the control group. The results of this study suggested that inclusion of air dried leaves of sweet potato up to the level of 10% of the diet dry matter in the finisher ration might be considered as the optimum level of inclusion when birds are sold on live weight basis.	Byproducts; Poultry	Aves; Gallus gallus; Ipomoea batatas	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952879263	Growth performances of Washera sheep under smallholder management systems in Yilmanadensa and Quarit districts, Ethiopia	Taye M., Abebe G., Gizaw S., Lemma S., Mekoya A., Tibbo M.	2010	Tropical Animal Health and Production	42	4	10.1007/s11250-009-9473-x	Andassa Livestock Research Centre, P.O. Box 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Awassa, Ethiopia; Debre Berhan Agricultural Research Centre, P.O. Box 112, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia; International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, P.O. Box 5466, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic	Taye, M., Andassa Livestock Research Centre, P.O. Box 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Awassa, Ethiopia; Abebe, G., Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Awassa, Ethiopia; Gizaw, S., Debre Berhan Agricultural Research Centre, P.O. Box 112, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia; Lemma, S., Debre Berhan Agricultural Research Centre, P.O. Box 112, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia; Mekoya, A., Debre Berhan Agricultural Research Centre, P.O. Box 112, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia; Tibbo, M., International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, P.O. Box 5466, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic	A study was conducted to evaluate growth performances of Washera sheep under smallholder production systems in the Yilmanadensa and Quarit districts of the Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. Data were collected and analysed on the growth of 690 lambs owned by 110 households from October 2004 to September 2007. Weight (kilograms) of Washera lambs at birth, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age was 2.69 ± 0.02, 7.10 ± 0.16, 12.42 ± 0.11, 16.12 ± 0.91, 20.05 ± 0.55 and 23.47 ± 0.68, respectively. Birth weight was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by district, year of birth, parity of the dam, birth type and sex of lamb and by the interaction effect of parity by birth type and parity by sex of lamb. Weaning weight was also affected by year of birth, type of birth and sex of lamb. Yearling weight was affected by only year of birth and sex of birth. The average daily weight gain (ADG; grams) from birth to 30 days, birth to 90 days, 90 to 180 days and birth to 1 year of age was 143.37 ± 13.46, 107.09 ± 2.67, 39.78 ± 9.73 and 60.13 ± 1. 89, respectively. Growth rates from birth to 30 and 90 days of age were significantly (P < 0. 05) affected by birth year, birth type and sex. ADG from birth to 1 year of age was affected by lamb sex and district. The indigenous Washera sheep had faster growth rate than those sheep breeds of Ethiopia extensively studied thus far. Integrated efforts combining improved nutrition, health and participatory community-based breeding would help the smallholder farmers to utilise and conserve this immense sheep genetic resource of Ethiopia. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Ethiopia; Growth traits; Sheep; Smallholder management system; Washera breed	animal; animal husbandry; article; birth weight; Ethiopia; female; growth, development and aging; male; methodology; multivariate analysis; physiology; pregnancy; rural population; season; sheep; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Birth Weight; Ethiopia; Female; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Pregnancy; Rural Population; Seasons; Sheep; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956305713	Milk yield and calf growth performance of cattle under partial suckling system at Andassa Livestock Research Centre, North West Ethiopia	Bitew A., Taye M., Kebede A., Mekuriaw G., Tassew A., Mulugeta T., Goshu G.	2010	Livestock Research for Rural Development	22	8	None	Andassa Livestock Research Centre, P.O.Box 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Bahir Dar University, P.O.Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; ANRS, Food Security Coordination and Disaster Prevention Office, P.O.Box 497, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O.Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	Bitew, A., Andassa Livestock Research Centre, P.O.Box 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Taye, M., Andassa Livestock Research Centre, P.O.Box 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Kebede, A., Andassa Livestock Research Centre, P.O.Box 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Mekuriaw, G., Bahir Dar University, P.O.Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Tassew, A., Bahir Dar University, P.O.Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Mulugeta, T., ANRS, Food Security Coordination and Disaster Prevention Office, P.O.Box 497, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Goshu, G., Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O.Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	Milk yield and calf growth performance of cattle under partial suckling system were studied at Andassa Livestock Research Centre from 2002-2008. The results of the study showed that mean partial lactation and daily milk yield of Fogera cows was 291 and 0.99 kg, respectively. Parity of cow and year of calving significantly affected both partial lactation and daily milk yield, while season of calving had no significant effect on both parameters. The mean lactation length was 292 days. Season of calving, parity of cow and year of calving significantly affected lactation length. Linear relationship between partial lactation milk yield and lactation length was observed. The overall mean birth weight obtained in the current study was 22.7 kg. Birth weight was significantly affected by breed of calf and birth year. The overall mean weights (kg) of calf at one month, three months, six months, nine months and at one year of age were 40.7, 56.5, 80.4, 121 and 120 kg, respectively. Weight at one month was significantly affected by all the fixed effects considered. The weights at three and six months of age were significantly affected by breed of calf and year of birth only. The overall mean daily body weight gain (g) from birth to one month, three months, six months, nine months and one year of age were 591, 374, 321, 359 and 272, respectively. Calf growth showed a significant correlation with the length of suckling period only until six months. Results of the present study showed that milk yield data generated through partial hand milking (two teats) revealed the existence of variability within the herd and improvements in productivity could be achieved through long term genetic selection. Weaning of calves could be practiced at six months of age to prevent the negative effect of longer suckling time on reproduction performance of the dam so as to increase calf crop productivity. Milk yield and calf growth performance of Fogera cattle and their crossbred under improved nutrition needs to be studied.	Calf crop; Fogera cattle; Hand milking; Partial lactation yield	Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880673961	Nutritional evaluation of different sources of nitrogen on digestible nutrient intake, nitrogen balance and production of rumen metabolites in growing Yankasa sheep	Abubakar M., Adegbola T.A., Abubakar M.M., Shehu Y., Ngele M.B., Kalla D.J.U.	2010	Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture	22	4	None	Animal Production Program, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Department of Biological Sciences, School of The Environment and Society, Singleton Park SA2 8PP, Swansea University, United Kingdom	Abubakar, M., Animal Production Program, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria, Department of Biological Sciences, School of The Environment and Society, Singleton Park SA2 8PP, Swansea University, United Kingdom; Adegbola, T.A., Animal Production Program, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Abubakar, M.M., Animal Production Program, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Shehu, Y., Animal Production Program, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Ngele, M.B., Animal Production Program, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Kalla, D.J.U., Animal Production Program, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria	A study was conducted to evaluate digestible nutrient intake, nitrogen balance and rumen metabolites in twenty growing Yankasa rams fed urea and /or sundried broiler litter (SDBL) as a partial or complete replacement for cotton seed cake (CSC) in diets for 90 days. The diets were: 1(CSC; control), 2(urea), 3(urea/SDBL), 4(CSC/urea) and 5(CSC/SDBL). The results indicated difference (P<0.05) in DM intake across diets, with animals fed CSC, urea and CSC/urea having the highest values (543.1, 523.4 and 483.6 g/day respectively), while those fed urea/SDBL and CSC/SDBL ((459.5 and 424.3g/day respectively) had the lowest feed intake. Mean digestible CP intake differed (P<0.001)across the diets and the values were higher for rams fed CSC and urea (75.7 and 72.7g/day) and lowest for those on CSC/SDBL (49.0g/day). However, mean digestible ADF intake was similar among the diets. A positive nitrogen balance was observed for all animals across the treatments, with significant (P<0.05) differences between treatments ranging from 4.3g/day for rams fed CSC/SDBL to 7.5g/day for those on urea. pH decreased with time after feeding. At 3 hrs post feeding, pH was highest (P<0.01) for rams fed CSC/SDBL and CSC/urea (6.9) and lowest for those on urea alone (6.1) and CSC (6.2). There was a gradual increase in the concentrations of both rumen ammonia-N (RAN) and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) after feeding. Rams fed urea and urea/SDBL (37.5 and 34.2mg/100ml respectively) had the highest (P<0.001) RAN concentration 3 hrs after feeding, while those on the other diets recorded the lowest. On the other hand, rams fed CSC/SDBL (13.1mmol/100ml) had the highest (P<0.001) VFA concentrations while those on urea the lowest (10.5mmol/100ml). It was concluded from this study that diets containing urea and CSC/urea fed to Yankasa sheep gave results comparable to those fed cotton seed cake (control), which are better than for those fed sundried broiler litterbased diets in terms of digestible nutrients intake, positive nitrogen balance and production of adequate rumen ammonia-N. However, rams fed CSC/SDBL had a better concentration of total volatile fatty acids of rumen fluid after feeding.	Nitrogen balance; Nitrogen sources; Nutrient intake; Rumen metabolites; Yankasa sheep	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79961175993	Available feedstuffs such as palm performance of broilers fed varying levels of palm kernel cake	Bello K.M., Oyawoye E.O., Bogoro S.E., Dass U.S.	2011	International Journal of Poultry Science	10	4	10.3923/ijps.2011.290.294	Animal Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria	Bello, K.M., Animal Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria; Oyawoye, E.O., Animal Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria; Bogoro, S.E., Animal Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria; Dass, U.S., Animal Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria	The high cost of conventional feed ingredients has necessitated the investigation into unconventional readily Kernel Meal (PKM). The study was conducted to determine the effect of using different levels of PKM in broilers chicks diet on performance, cost effectiveness, blood chemistry and carcass characteristics. Two hundred (200) day old Anak 2000 broiler chicks were in a completely randomized design allocated to five dietary treatments (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% PKM) in four replicates. The birds were fed isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets containing 21% crude protein and 2700 kcal/kgME at the starter phase and 23% CP and 3000 kcal/kgME for the Finisher phase. The result showed that the feed intake and daily weight gain increases significantly (p<0.05) with increase in PKM inclusion up to 30% while the FCR were similar to the control. Performance in terms of daily weight gain and FCR indicated that birds on PKM diet perform equally well as those on the control diets. Similarly, the feed cost/kg weight gains were slightly better on the PKM based diet than the control. The result of the blood biochemical analysis showed there was no significant treatment effect on all the haematological parameters measured, which indicates that PKM does not contain any anti nutritional factor. Similarly, the carcass analysis showed non-significance effect of level of PKM on most of the organs except the heart, gall bladder and back weight. The gall bladder and back weight showed significant (p<0.05) increase with increase in PKM inclusion level while the heart weight was not following any particular pattern. These findings show that PKM can be included at 30% level in the diet of broilers without a negative effect on performance, carcass yield and blood constituents. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2011.	Blood biochemistry; Broilers; Carcass characteristics; Palm kernel cake; Performance	Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77649198073	Performance of circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) urine-dipsticks for rapid detection of intestinal schistosomiasis in schoolchildren from shoreline communities of Lake Victoria	Standley C.J., Lwambo N.J.S., Lange C.N., Kariuki H.C., Adriko M., Stothard J.R.	2010	Parasites and Vectors	3	1	10.1186/1756-3305-3-7	Biomedical Parasitology Division, Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom; Institute of Genetics, School of Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom; National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania; Invertebrate Zoology Section, Nairobi National Museum, P.O. Box 40658, Nairobi, Kenya; Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya; Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda	Standley, C.J., Biomedical Parasitology Division, Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom, Institute of Genetics, School of Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom; Lwambo, N.J.S., National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania; Lange, C.N., Invertebrate Zoology Section, Nairobi National Museum, P.O. Box 40658, Nairobi, Kenya; Kariuki, H.C., Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya; Adriko, M., Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda; Stothard, J.R., Biomedical Parasitology Division, Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom	For disease surveillance and mapping within large-scale control programmes, RDTs are becoming popular. For intestinal schistosomiasis, a commercially available urine-dipstick which detects schistosome circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) in host urine is being increasingly applied, however, further validation is needed. In this study, we compared the CCA urine-dipstick test against double thick Kato-Katz faecal smears from 171 schoolchildren examined along the Tanzanian and Kenyan shorelines of Lake Victoria. Diagnostic methods were in broad agreement; the mean prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis inferred by Kato-Katz examination was 68.6% (95% confidence intervals (CIs) = 60.7-75.7%) and 71.3% (95% CIs = 63.9-78.8%) by CCA urine-dipsticks. There were, however, difficulties in precisely 'calling' the CCA test result, particularly in discrimination of 'trace' reactions as either putative infection positive or putative infection negative, which has important bearing upon estimation of mean infection prevalence; considering 'trace' as infection positive mean prevalence was 94.2% (95% CIs = 89.5-97.2%). A positive association between increasing intensity of the CCA urine-dipstick test band and faecal egg count was observed. Assigning trace reactions as putative infection negative, overall diagnostic sensitivity (SS) of the CCA urine-dipstick was 87.7% (95% CIs = 80.6-93.0%), specificity (SP) was 68.1% (95% CIs = 54.3-80.0%), positive predictive value (PPV) was 86.1% (95% CIs = 78.8-91.7%) and negative predictive value (NPV) was 71.1% (95% CIs = 57.2-82.8%). To assist in objective defining of the CCA urine-dipstick result, we propose the use of a simple colour chart and conclude that the CCA urine-dipstick is a satisfactory alternative, or supplement, to Kato-Katz examination for rapid detection of intestinal schistosomiasis. © 2010 Standley et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	parasite antigen; schistosome circulating cathodic antigen; unclassified drug; article; child; controlled study; feces analysis; human; intermethod comparison; Kenya; lake; prevalence; schistosomiasis; school child; sensitivity and specificity; Tanzania; urinalysis; Schistosoma	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857162854	Evaluation of "Cyscope", a novel fluorescence-based microscopy technique for the detection of malaria	Gwanzura L., Mayini J., Mabhanga K., Chipinduro J., Mashamba K., Mutenherwa M., Mutambu S.L., Mutsvangwa J., Mason P.R.	2012	Journal of Infection in Developing Countries	6	2	None	Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe; University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe; National Institute of Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe; Partec GmbH, Munster, Germany	Gwanzura, L., Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mayini, J., Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mabhanga, K., National Institute of Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe; Chipinduro, J., National Institute of Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mashamba, K., National Institute of Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mutenherwa, M., Partec GmbH, Munster, Germany; Mutambu, S.L., National Institute of Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mutsvangwa, J., Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mason, P.R., Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe	Introduction: This study was designed to compare the detection of malaria parasites in peripheral blood smears using the Cyscope malaria rapid fluorescent microscopic technique and light microscopy of Giemsa-stained smears. Methodology: A total of 295 blood smears were collected from patients of all age groups presenting with clinical signs and symptoms of malaria to 10 City Health Clinics in Harare. For each patient two blood films were prepared. Microscopic examination was done independently in two laboratories, with one performing the Giemsa stain and the other the Cyscope method. After the tests were completed, the results were then matched and recorded without any alterations. Results: An equal number of men and women were malaria positive and their ages ranged from five to 66 years. Concordance in the detection of parasites (positive or negative) was 98.6% (291/295). In all four cases of discordance, malaria parasites were detected using the Cyscope but not with conventional microscopy. The Cyscope gave a 100% sensitivity and a specificity of 98.6%. Conclusion: The Cyscope may be a valuable addition to diagnostics of malaria in resource-limited settings such as Zimbabwe. © 2012 Gwanzura et al.	Diagnosis; Fluorescence-based microscopy technique; Malaria; Resource-limited settings	adult; article; blood sampling; blood smear; cyscope test; female; fluorescence microscopy; Giemsa stain; human; major clinical study; malaria; male; sensitivity and specificity; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Female; Humans; Malaria; Male; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Middle Aged; Parasitemia; Sensitivity and Specificity; Young Adult; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878992794	Evaluation of the undergraduate physics programme at indira gandhi national open university: A case study	Mishra A., Vijayshri, Garg S.	2009	International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning	10	6	None	BJB College, Bhubaneswar, India; Indira Gandhi National Open University, India; National University of Lesotho, South Africa	Mishra, A., BJB College, Bhubaneswar, India; Vijayshri, Indira Gandhi National Open University, India; Garg, S., National University of Lesotho, South Africa	The undergraduate science programme was launched at the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) in 1991-92 with an enrolment of 1,210 students. The programme was well received, and enrolments increased over the years. However,the success rates have not kept pace with enrolment. In this paper, the authors report the results of an evaluation of the undergraduate physics programme at IGNOU. The evaluation, the first of its type for this programme, adapted the major tenets of the CIPP model. The findings are based on the responses from a randomly chosen sample of 509 learners across India. The methods employed for the study include records, document, and database analysis, surveys, and case studies. Although the University has enhanced access to higher science education, the attrition rate is high (73%), and the success rate is low. The authors recommend that the University review and reorient its strategies for providing good quality, learner-centred higher education in science subjects. The programme should address the concerns of the learners about the effectiveness of the student support systems, the difficulty level, and the learner-friendliness of study materials with the goal of achieving long-term sustainability while maintaining parity with the conventional system. The need for improving the presentation of the courses and simplifying the mathematical details is emphasised.	Open learning; Physics; Science education	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-72849151026	Impact of discharged wastewater final effluent on the physicochemical qualities of a receiving watershed in a suburban community of the eastern Cape Province	Osode A.N., Okoh A.I.	2009	Clean - Soil, Air, Water	37	12	10.1002/clen.200900098	Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa	Osode, A.N., Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa; Okoh, A.I., Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa	Failures of sewage treatment systems, both within and outside South Africa, are most commonly ascribed to inadequate facilities and other factors resulting in the production of poor quality effluents with attendant negative consequences on the receiving watershed. The impact of the final effluent of a wastewater treatment facility in a suburban community of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa on the physicochemical qualities of the receiving watershed was assessed between August 2007 and July 2008. Water quality parameters were analyzed according to the South African Department of Water Affairs and Forestry standards. The effluent quality was acceptable with respect to the pH (6.9-7.8), temperature (13.8-22.0°C), dissolved oxygen (DO) (4.9-7.8 mg/L), salinity (0.12-0.17 psu), total dissolved solids (TDS) (119-162 mg/L) and nitrite concentration (0.1-0.4 mg/L). The other physicochemical parameters that did not comply with regulated standards include the following: phosphate (0.1-4.0 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (5-211 mg/L), electrical conductivity (EC) (237-325 μS/cm), and turbidity (7.7-62.7 NTU). The results suggest that eutrophication is intensified in the vicinity of the effluent discharge points, where phosphate and nitrate were found in high concentrations. The discharged final effluents had detrimental effects on the receiving body of water, thus suggesting the need for regular and consistent intervention by appropriate monitoring and compliance agencies to ensure adherence to acceptable standards for discharged effluents. © 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	References	discharge; dissolved oxygen; effluent; nitrite; pH; physicochemical property; salinity; sewage treatment; suburban area; waste treatment; wastewater; water quality; water treatment; watershed; Eastern Cape; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-35348871884	Evaluation of weigh-in-motion accuracy by simulation	Slavik M.	2007	Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering	49	3	None	BKS, South Africa; BKS (Pty) Ltd., PO Box 3173, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	Slavik, M., BKS, South Africa, BKS (Pty) Ltd., PO Box 3173, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	A method for the evaluation of accuracy of weigh-in-motion (WIM) scales based on Monte Carlo simulation Is proposed. The objective of the method is to assist with decision on acceptance of the tested WIM scale as sufficiently accurate, or its rejection. Conceptually, the method considers a 'nebula' of possible populations that could supply the observed sample of n weighing errors. Excessive WIM weighing error is defined as an error falling outside a specified acceptance region. The percentage of excessive errors, Q, is then determined in each of the above populations. The distribution of Q Is constructed and the probability of Q exceeding a tolerable limit Qcrit is determined from this distribution. Verdict on acceptance or rejection is formulated in terms of the above probability and displayed graphically. Also graphically displayed are risks of wrong acceptance and wrong rejection. This allows the user to make decisions with a full view of consequences. The method is simple to use and its applications Indicate that, when using conventional WIM-accuracy testing procedures, one may under-estimate the risk of wrong decision. The objective of the paper is to Introduce and explain the principle of a method for correct evaluation of accuracy of weigh-in-motion scales. The purpose of the method is to assist with decisions on acceptance of the tested scale as sufficiently accurate, or its rejection.	Risk of wrong acceptance or rejection; Simulation; Weighing error; WIM accuracy	Weighing error; WIM accuracy; Computer simulation; Decision making; Monte Carlo methods; Probability; Risk analysis; Building codes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-23344435343	Performance of the CardioChek™ PA and Cholestech LDX® point-of-care analysers compared to clinical diagnostic laboratory methods for the measurement of lipids	Panz V.R., Raal F.J., Paiker J., Immelman R., Miles H.	2005	Cardiovascular Journal of South Africa	16	2	None	Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Services, Department of Chemical Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Panz, V.R., Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Raal, F.J., Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Paiker, J., National Health Laboratory Services, Department of Chemical Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Immelman, R., National Health Laboratory Services, Department of Chemical Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Miles, H., National Health Laboratory Services, Department of Chemical Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Point-of-care (POC) blood testing is intended to provide results more rapidly than can be obtained from a central laboratory. Precision and accuracy of the CardioChek PA and Cholestech LDX analysers were compared to clinical diagnostic laboratory methods. In 100 patients, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were measured by both analysers and compared to those analysed by the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) laboratory. Data were evaluated for conformance with National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) guidelines. Results were grouped into low, middle and high ranges and were similar to those obtained by the NHLS, except in the high range where TC and LDL-C levels were under-read by both analysers. All analytes measured by both analysers correlated significantly with NHLS (p < 0.0001). With the exception of LDL-C, both analysers showed reasonable compliance with NCEP goals for coefficients of variation and bias measurements. Both analysers met NCEP guidelines for all analytes at two clinical cut-off points. We concluded that, compared to NHLS methods, performance of the CardioChek PA and Cholestech LDX analysers is acceptable and that they offer healthcare professionals a rapid, POC method for the measurement of lipids.	None	high density lipoprotein cholesterol; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; triacylglycerol; biological marker; lipid; analytic method; article; blood testis barrier; cholesterol blood level; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; hospital information system; human; laboratory test; lipid analysis; major clinical study; triacylglycerol blood level; blood; blood examination; comparative study; diagnosis, measurement and analysis; evaluation; hyperlipoproteinemia type 2; methodology; sensitivity and specificity; Biological Markers; Hematologic Tests; Humans; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II; Laboratory Techniques and Procedures; Lipids; Point-of-Care Systems; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44449119917	Improving daily production capacity and energy efficiency in sugar refineries and sugar mills with CarboUA high performance process aids	Bushong J.H., Bogari A., González C.A.D., Odipo W., Marroquin J.M.P., Massucato A.L., Sarir E.M.	2008	International Sugar Journal	110	1313	None	CarboUA, Philadelphia, United States; United Sugar Company, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; CarboUA, CaIi, Colombia; CarboUA, Nairobi, Kenya; CarboUA, Guatemala City, Guatemala; CarboUA, São Paulo, Brazil; CarboUA, Beverly Hills, United States	Bushong, J.H., CarboUA, Philadelphia, United States; Bogari, A., United Sugar Company, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; González, C.A.D., CarboUA, CaIi, Colombia; Odipo, W., CarboUA, Nairobi, Kenya; Marroquin, J.M.P., CarboUA, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Massucato, A.L., CarboUA, São Paulo, Brazil; Sarir, E.M., CarboUA, Beverly Hills, United States	With reference to case studies, this paper describes and discusses the use of CarboUA high performance process aids for increasing sugar refinery and sugar mill process efficiency via improvements in daily sugar process throughput (from increased operating Brix and/or higher average process flow rates), an increase in conversion rate of feed sugar to raw sugar (mill) or refined sugar (refinery), an associated reduction in energy, and improvements in final product quality.	Efficiency; Energy; Mill; Production; Refinery; Sugar	Conversion rates; Daily production; Energy; Mill; Process efficiency; Process throughput; Refined sugars; Refinery; Efficiency; Production; Refining; Sugar factories; Sugars; Energy efficiency; Polygala incarnata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33751172520	Impact of chronic β-adrenoceptor activation on neurotensin-induced myocardial effects in rats	Osadchii O., Norton G., Deftereos D., Muller D., Woodiwiss A.	2006	European Journal of Pharmacology	553	42372	10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.09.037	Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa	Osadchii, O., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Norton, G., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Deftereos, D., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Muller, D., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Woodiwiss, A., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa	In heart failure chronic sympathetic activation results in contractile dysfunction in part through down-regulation of the β-adrenoceptor-cAMP system. However, the impact of chronic adrenergic activation on cardiac sympathetic neuromodulator systems is unclear. In this study, we sought to determine whether chronic adrenergic activation modifies myocardial norepinephrine release and contractile responses elicited by neurotensin, a neuropeptide found in cardiovascular system. Chronic administration of isoproterenol, a β-adrenoceptor agonist, to rats (0.05 mg/kg daily for 1 month, i.p.), produced cardiac hypertrophy with preserved baseline ventricular systolic function, but reduced contractile responses to exogenous norepinephrine as shown in isolated, isovolumically-contracting heart preparations. Neurotensin produced a marked increase in coronary effluent norepinephrine release, an effect abolished by SR 48692, a specific neurotensin receptor antagonist. In isoproterenol-treated rats, neurotensin has no significant impact on myocardial norepinephrine release. Consistently, concentration-dependent positive inotropic responses elicited by neurotensin in control rat hearts were blunted over a wide range of neurotensin concentrations (10- 10-10- 5.5 M) in isoproterenol-treated rats. In conclusion, these data indicate that following chronic β-adrenoceptor activation, neurotensin-induced effects on norepinephrine release and subsequent contractile changes are markedly down-regulated. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Cardiac hypertrophy; Myocardial norepinephrine; Neurotensin; Ventricular contractility	2 [[1 (7 chloro 4 quinolinyl) 5 (2,6 dimethoxyphenyl) 3 pyrazolyl]carbonylamino] 2 adamantanecarboxylic acid; beta adrenergic receptor; beta adrenergic receptor stimulating agent; isoprenaline; neurotensin; propranolol; adrenergic activity; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; article; controlled study; drug effect; heart muscle; heart muscle contractility; heart ventricle contraction; heart ventricle hypertrophy; isolated heart; male; nonhuman; noradrenalin release; priority journal; rat; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Animals; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Coronary Circulation; Heart; Isoproterenol; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Neurotensin; Norepinephrine; Organ Size; Pyrazoles; Quinolines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Neurotensin; Ventricular Function, Left	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-25444448818	Impact and mechanisms of action of neurotensin on cardiac contractility in the rat left ventricle	Osadchii O., Norton G., Deftereos D., Badenhorst D., Woodiwiss A.	2005	European Journal of Pharmacology	520	42372	10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.07.014	Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa	Osadchii, O., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Norton, G., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Deftereos, D., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Badenhorst, D., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Woodiwiss, A., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa	Using immunoassay measurements, neurotensin was identified in rat ventricular tissue and in coronary effluent samples. Exogenous neurotensin evoked contractile responses in isolated ventricular preparations, which were equivalent in magnitude to those of norepinephrine and histamine, but greater than those for serotonin and angiotensin II. EC50 values revealed neurotensin to be as potent as serotonin, but more potent than norepinephrine, histamine and angiotensin II. Structure-activity studies indicated that the contractile effects are attributed to the C-terminal portion of neurotensin. Neurotensin-induced responses were decreased by SR 48692, a specific neurotensin receptor antagonist. Neurotensin elicited an increase in coronary effluent norepinephrine concentrations, and a strong relationship between the magnitude of neurotensin-induced contractile effects and increments in myocardial norepinephrine release were noted. Neurotensin-induced contractile responses were abolished by β-adrenoceptor antagonists, but not by histamine, serotonin or angiotensin II receptor antagonists. In conclusion, neurotensin increases ventricular contractility through stimulation of myocardial norepinephrine release. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Inotropic effect; Neurotensin; Ventricular contractility	2 [[1 (7 chloro 4 quinolinyl) 5 (2,6 dimethoxyphenyl) 3 pyrazolyl]carbonylamino] 2 adamantanecarboxylic acid; angiotensin; angiotensin II antagonist; antihistaminic agent; beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent; histamine; inotropic agent; neurotensin; neurotensin receptor antagonist; noradrenalin; serotonin; serotonin antagonist; animal tissue; article; beta adrenergic receptor blocking; carboxy terminal sequence; comparative study; concentration response; controlled study; drug activity; drug effect; drug inhibition; drug mechanism; drug potency; evoked muscle response; heart left ventricle contractility; heart muscle contractility; heart stimulation; immunoassay; inotropism; isolated heart; male; nonhuman; noradrenalin release; pathophysiology; priority journal; rat; structure activity relation; Animals; Cardiotonic Agents; Coronary Circulation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Extracellular Fluid; Heart Ventricles; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Neurotensin; Norepinephrine; Perfusion; Pyrazoles; Quinolines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Neurotensin; Ventricular Function, Left	None
WoS	WOS:000208237600006	An Evaluative Study of a Distance Teacher Education Program in a University in Ghana	Sampong, Kwasi Addo	2009	INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING	10	4	None	Cent Univ Coll	None	The study used an adaptation of Provus' discrepancy evaluation model to evaluate a distance teacher education program in the University of Cape Coast, the premier teacher education institution in Ghana. The study involved comparing performance data of the program as perceived by students and faculty/administrators to standards prepared from the program's design. Performance data was obtained by administering two survey instruments to a random sample of students and faculty/administrators. Discrepancies between performance and standards were reported. The study concluded that although there were some discrepancies between program standards and performance the program is fulfilling its purpose of upgrading the professional and academic performance of a large number of teachers in the public K-8 schools in Ghana.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925878225	Evaluation of adherence measures of antiretroviral prophylaxis in HIV exposed infants in the first 6 weeks of life	Desmond A.C., Moodley D., Conolly C.A., Castel S.A., Coovadia H.M.	2015	BMC Pediatrics	15	1	10.1186/s12887-015-0340-9	Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa-CAPRISA, Women's Health and HIV Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Maternal Adolescent and Child Health (MatCH), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Desmond, A.C., Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa-CAPRISA, Women's Health and HIV Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Moodley, D., Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa-CAPRISA, Women's Health and HIV Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Conolly, C.A., Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa; Castel, S.A., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Coovadia, H.M., Maternal Adolescent and Child Health (MatCH), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Background: Adherence to an antiretroviral regimen is imperative for treatment success in both HIV infected adults and children. Likewise, adherence to antiretroviral prophylaxis is critical in HIV prevention. Studies on pediatric adherence are limited, particularly the prophylactic use of antiretroviral drugs and treatment adherence in very young infants. The HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 046 study (Clinical Trial Registration NCT00074412) determined the safety and efficacy of an extended regimen of nevirapine suspension in infants born to HIV-1 infected women for the prevention of vertical HIV transmission during breastfeeding. As per protocol, adherence to nevirapine prophylaxis was measured by maternal verbal reports. In addition, the pharmacy assessed the unused returned suspension. The aim of this sub-study was to determine the reliability of maternal verbal reports in measuring adherence to antiretroviral prophylaxis in infants in the first 6 weeks of life and evaluating the unused returned nevirapine as an alternative method of measuring adherence. Methods: Maternal verbal reports and pharmacy returns indicative of "missed&lt;2 doses" were evaluated against a plasma nevirapine concentration of &gt;100 ng/ml in a subgroup of infants at 2, 5 and 6 weeks of age. Plasma nevirapine concentration of &gt;100 ng/ml was used as a marker of adherence (10 times the in vitro IC50 against HIV). Results: Adherence was 87.7% (maternal verbal report) and 71.3% (unused returned medication), as compared to 85.6% by plasma nevirapine concentration. Evaluated against plasma nevirapine concentration &lt;100 ng/ml, the sensitivity and specificity of maternal verbal reports to detect a missed dose in the last 3 days were 75% and 78% (p=0.03) respectively. Overall, among infants who were classified as adherent based on missed doses by maternal verbal reports and unused returned medication, 88.4% and 87.4% of infants attained a nevirapine concentration above 100 ng/ml respectively. Conclusion: Maternal verbal reports are a reliable measure of adherence to infant antiretroviral prophylaxis in the first 6 weeks of life and could be useful in assessing adherence to antiretroviral treatment in infants younger than 6 weeks. In the absence of resources or expertise to determine plasma drug concentration, we would recommend random assessments of unused returned medication. © Desmond et al.; licensee BioMed Central.	Adherence measures; Antiretroviral prophylaxis; Infants; Maternal verbal report; Pharmacy returns	nevirapine; adult; antibiotic prophylaxis; Article; breast feeding; diagnostic test accuracy study; drug blood level; drug efficacy; drug safety; female; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; IC50; infant; maternal verbal report; measurement; medication compliance; patient compliance; sensitivity and specificity; verbal communication; vertical transmission	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79954439764	Evaluation of genetic manipulation strategies on d-lactate production by Escherichia coli	Zhou L., Zuo Z.-R., Chen X.-Z., Niu D.-D., Tian K.-M., Prior B.A., Shen W., Shi G.-Y., Singh S., Wang Z.-X.	2011	Current Microbiology	62	3	10.1007/s00284-010-9817-9	Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4001, South Africa	Zhou, L., Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Zuo, Z.-R., Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Chen, X.-Z., Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Niu, D.-D., Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Tian, K.-M., Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Prior, B.A., Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Shen, W., Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Shi, G.-Y., Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Singh, S., Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4001, South Africa; Wang, Z.-X., Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China	In order to rationally manipulate the cellular metabolism of Escherichia coli for d-lactate production, single-gene and multiple-gene deletions with mutations in acetate kinase (ackA), phosphotransacetylase (pta), phosphoenolpyruvate synthase (pps), pyruvate formate lyase (pflB), FAD-binding d-lactate dehydrogenase (dld), pyruvate oxidase (poxB), alcohol dehydrogenase (adhE), and fumarate reductase (frdA) were tested for their effects in two-phase fermentations (aerobic growth and oxygen-limited production). Lactate yield and productivity could be improved by single-gene deletions of ackA, pta, pflB, dld, poxB, and frdA in the wild type E. coli strain but were unfavorably affected by deletions of pps and adhE. However, fermentation experiments with multiple-gene mutant strains showed that deletion of pps in addition to ackA-pta deletions had no effect on lactate production, whereas the additional deletion of adhE in E. coli B0013-050 (ackA-pta pps pflB dld poxB) increased lactate yield. Deletion of all eight genes in E. coli B0013 to produce B0013-070 (ackA-pta pps pflB dld poxB adhE frdA) increased lactate yield and productivity by twofold and reduced yields of acetate, succinate, formate, and ethanol by 95, 89, 100, and 93%, respectively. When tested in a bioreactor, E. coli B0013-070 produced 125 g/l d-lactate with an increased oxygen-limited lactate productivity of 0.61 g/g h (2.1-fold greater than E. coli B0013). These kinetic properties of d-lactate production are among the highest reported and the results have revealed which genetic manipulations improved d-lactate production by E. coli. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	None	acetate kinase; acetic acid; alcohol; alcohol dehydrogenase; formic acid; fumarate reductase; lactate dehydrogenase; lactic acid; phosphate acetyltransferase; pyruvate oxidase; pyruvate water dikinase; succinic acid; synthetase; unclassified drug; ackA gene; adhE gene; aerobic fermentation; article; bacterial gene; bacterial growth; bacterial metabolism; bacterial strain; controlled study; dld gene; Escherichia coli; frda gene; gene deletion; gene mutation; genetic manipulation; nonhuman; pflB gene; poxb gene; pps gene; priority journal; pta gene; wild type; Aerobiosis; Anaerobiosis; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Fermentation; Gene Deletion; Genetic Engineering; Lactic Acid; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Mutation; Organisms, Genetically Modified; Escherichia coli	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77949655143	Environmental, irrigation and fertilization impacts on the seed quality of guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray)	Bekaardt C.R., Coffelt T.A., Fenwick J.R., Wiesner L.E.	2010	Industrial Crops and Products	31	3	10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.12.008	Agricultural Research Council, P/Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; U.S. Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Maricopa, AZ 85138, United States; Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, United States; National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, USDA-ARS, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, United States	Bekaardt, C.R., Agricultural Research Council, P/Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; Coffelt, T.A., U.S. Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Maricopa, AZ 85138, United States; Fenwick, J.R., Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, United States; Wiesner, L.E., National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, USDA-ARS, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, United States	Guayule is a perennial shrub that originates from the Chihuahua desert. Currently stand establishment is by transplanting seedlings. In order for guayule commercialization to be more profitable, direct seeding methods need to be developed. For direct seeding to be practical factors affecting seed quality need to be identified. Guayule seed quality is highly variable. The objective of this study was to determine the seed quality of guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) grown under various field conditions in Arizona, USA, and to determine the influence of irrigation frequency and fertilization management practices on seed quality. In experiment I guayule lines AZ-2, AZ-4, AZ-R2 and 11591 were compared at four locations in Arizona (Marana, Maricopa, Yuma Mesa and Yuma Valley). In experiment II guayule lines AZ-2 and 11591 were compared under three irrigation frequencies (40%, 60% and 80%) field capacity and fertilization at low and high levels of nitrogen, at Maricopa. Germination, embryo viability, empty achene production and achene moisture content were determined for harvested achenes. In experiment I a line × location interaction occurred for normal germination, empty achenes and achene fresh weight. Line AZ-4 had the highest germination of 59% at the Yuma Valley location. Empty achenes were the highest in Marana for line 11591 at 56%. In experiment II normal germination was affected by the line, irrigation and fertilization factors. The highest germination of 66% with line 11591, 55% at 60% irrigation and 56% at high fertilization was recorded. Empty achenes were the highest with line AZ-2 at 27%. Correlations of normal germination vs. maximum temperature, empty achenes vs. total rainfall and empty achenes vs. average wind speed were positive. Negative correlations occurred for empty achene vs. maximum temperature, normal germination vs. total rainfall and normal germination vs. average wind speed. The quality of guayule seed under both experimental conditions is severely decreased by empty achene production, which seems due to genetic variability and environmental conditions during flower bloom.	Achene; Fertilization; Guayule; Irrigation; Parthenium argentatum	Arizona; Arizona , USA; Direct-seeding; Environmental conditions; Experimental conditions; Fertilization; Field capacity; Field conditions; Flower bloom; Fresh weight; Genetic variability; Irrigation frequency; Management practices; Maximum temperature; Moisture contents; Negative correlation; Parthenium argentatum; Perennial shrubs; Seed quality; Stand establishment; Total rainfall; Wind speed; Experiments; Landforms; Location; Profitability; Seed; Wind effects; Irrigation; commercialization; fertilizer application; genetic variation; germination; irrigation system; nitrogen; seedling; shrub; transplantation; wind velocity; Chihuahuan Desert; Parthenium argentatum; Yuma; crop production; environmental management; genetic modification; harvesting; moisture content; production management; profitability; seed	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70249105104	Evaluation of biochemical parameters and genetic markers for association with meat tenderness in South African feedlot cattle	Frylinck L., van Wyk G.L., Smith T.P.L., Strydom P.E., van Marle-Köster E., Webb E.C., Koohmaraie M., Smith M.F.	2009	Meat Science	83	4	10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.07.016	Agricultural Research Council of South Africa, Private Bag X2, Irene, 0062, South Africa; Department of Animal and Wildlife Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa; US Meat Animal Research Centre, ARS, USDA, P.O. Box 166, Spur 18-D, NE 68933-0166, United States; IEH Laboratories, Consulting Group, 15300 Bothell Way NE, Lake Forest Pk., WA 98155, United States	Frylinck, L., Agricultural Research Council of South Africa, Private Bag X2, Irene, 0062, South Africa; van Wyk, G.L., Agricultural Research Council of South Africa, Private Bag X2, Irene, 0062, South Africa; Smith, T.P.L., US Meat Animal Research Centre, ARS, USDA, P.O. Box 166, Spur 18-D, NE 68933-0166, United States; Strydom, P.E., Agricultural Research Council of South Africa, Private Bag X2, Irene, 0062, South Africa; van Marle-Köster, E., Department of Animal and Wildlife Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Webb, E.C., Department of Animal and Wildlife Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Koohmaraie, M., IEH Laboratories, Consulting Group, 15300 Bothell Way NE, Lake Forest Pk., WA 98155, United States; Smith, M.F., Agricultural Research Council of South Africa, Private Bag X2, Irene, 0062, South Africa	A large proportion of South African feedlot cattle are crossbreds of Brahman (BrX, Bos indicus), and Simmental (SiX, Bos taurus). A sample of 20 grain fed bulls from each of these crossbreeds was used to compare meat quality with that of the small frame indigenous Nguni (NgX, Sanga) by evaluating a variety of biochemical and genetic parameters previously shown to be associated with meat tenderness. Shear force values were generally high (5.6 kg average at 14 days post mortem), with SiX animals higher than BrX or NgX (P = 0.051) despite higher calpastatin:calpain ratio in BrX (P < 0.05). Calpain activity and cold shortening were both correlated with tenderness for all classes. The sample size was too small to accurately estimate genotypic effects of previously published markers in the CAST and CAPN1 genes, but the allele frequencies suggest that only modest progress would be possible in these South African crossbreds using these markers. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd.	Beef crossbreds; Calpain proteolytic system; Cold shortening/toughening; Genetic markers; Tenderness	Animalia; Bos; Bos indicus; Bos taurus; Sanga	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-40549146585	Impact of Redbilled Quelea control operations on wetlands in South Africa	Lötter L.	2008	International Pest Control	50	1	None	Agricultural Research Council, ARC, Plant Protection Research Institute, PPRI, Private bag X 134, Queenswood, Pretoria 0121, South Africa	Lötter, L., Agricultural Research Council, ARC, Plant Protection Research Institute, PPRI, Private bag X 134, Queenswood, Pretoria 0121, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	bird; crop damage; migratory species; pest control; wetland; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Quelea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958027963	Field evaluation of maize inbred lines for resistance to Exserohilum turcicum	Craven M., Fourie A.P.	2011	South African Journal of Plant and Soil	28	1	None	Agricultural Research Council, Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag 1251, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa	Craven, M., Agricultural Research Council, Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag 1251, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa; Fourie, A.P., Agricultural Research Council, Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag 1251, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa	Nine maize inbred lines with excellent grey leaf spot resistance and good combining ability were evaluated for their reaction to infection by Exserohilum turcicum. The lines were compared to a differential set consisting of Oh43 and B73 (susceptible controls) and OMZHt1B, Oh43Ht2, Oh43Ht3, B37HtN (containing resistant genes) in both growth chamber and field trials. All nine lines possessed seedling resistance to northern corn leaf blight (NCLB). Two field trials were planted over two growing seasons (2007/08 and 2008/09) as randomized complete block designs with three replicates. Trials were inoculated twice (at the 4-5 and 8-12 leaf stages) with NCLB and disease assessments made at growth stages R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5. Disease progress curves were created and total severity (yt), diseased plant severity (ydp) and AUDPC were determined for each replicate. Linearised forms of the exponential, logistic and Gompertz models were fitted to the disease-progress data and the best model selected for each trial. Rate of disease increase (r) and level of disease at the onset of the epidemic (y0; time=0) were obtained from which y0* (back-transformed from y0) were determined. Canonical variate analysis (CVA) indicated that yt, ydp, sAUDPC and y0* were responsible for 73.68% of the variation observed between the lines, with r explaining 15.44% of the variation. Ranking of lines were based on their yt, y dp, sAU-DPC and y0* performance. GLS resistant lines 185-2, 182-2, 72-2A and 182-1 demonstrated higher levels of resistance to NCLB than that of lines Oh43Ht1B, Oh43Ht2, Oh43Ht3 and B37HtN while 122-2, 578 and 72-3 showed higher levels of resistance than that of Oh43Ht2 and B37HtN.	Canonical variate analysis; Cercospora maydis; Northern corn leaf blight; Sources of resistance; Zeamays	canonical analysis; disease resistance; disease severity; fungal disease; growing season; logistics; maize; Cercospora; Setosphaeria turcica; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868483815	Evaluation of NASA satellite and modelled temperature data for simulating maize water requirement satisfaction index in the Free State Province of South Africa	Moeletsi M.E., Walker S.	2012	Physics and Chemistry of the Earth	None	None	10.1016/j.pce.2012.08.012	Agricultural Research Council, Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, Private Bag X79, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Moeletsi, M.E., Agricultural Research Council, Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, Private Bag X79, Pretoria 0001, South Africa, Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Walker, S., Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Low density of weather stations and high percentages of missing values of the archived climate data in most places around the world makes it difficult for decision-makers to make meaningful conclusions in natural resource management. In this study, the use of NASA modelled and satellite-derived data was compared with measured minimum and maximum temperatures at selected climate stations in the Free State Province of South Africa. The NASA temperature data-fed Hargreaves evapotranspiration estimate was compared with the Penman-Monteith estimate to obtain regional coefficients for the Free State. The maize water requirement satisfaction index (WRSI) obtained using the NASA temperature data and calibrated Hargreaves equation was evaluated against the WRSI obtained using Penman-Monteith estimate. The data used is mostly from 1999 to 2008. The results of the comparison between measured minimum temperatures and NASA minimum temperatures show overestimation of the NASA values by between a monthly mean of 1.4°C and 4.1°C. NASA maximum temperatures seem to underestimate measured temperatures by monthly values ranging from 2.2 to 3.8°C. NASA-fed Hargreaves equation in its original form underestimates Penman-Monteith evapotranspiration by between 20% and 40% and hence its coefficient was calibrated accordingly. The comparison of the maize WRSI simulated with NASA temperatures showed a good correlation and small deviations from WRSI calculated from measured data. Thus, the use of NASA satellite and modelled data is recommended in the Free State Province in places where there are no meteorological readings, with special consideration of the biasness of the data. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	Evapotranspiration; Hargreaves; Maize; Minimum and maximum temperatures; WRSI	Climate data; Climate stations; Decision makers; Free state; Good correlations; Hargreaves; Hargreaves equations; Low density; Maize; Maximum temperature; Missing values; NASA satellite; Natural resource management; Penman-Monteith; South Africa; Temperature data; Water requirements; Weather stations; WRSI; Estimation; Evapotranspiration; NASA; Natural resources management; Satellites; Water supply; Information management; computer simulation; evapotranspiration; maize; resource management; satellite data; temperature effect; Free State; South Africa; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856973712	The impacts of herbivory on vegetation in Moremi Game Reserve, Botswana: 1967-2001	Hamandawana H.	2012	Regional Environmental Change	12	1	10.1007/s10113-011-0230-0	Agricultural Research Council, Institute for Soil, Water and Climate, PB X79, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Hamandawana, H., Agricultural Research Council, Institute for Soil, Water and Climate, PB X79, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Browsing and grazing pressure on vegetation in the Moremi Game Reserve in Botswana was analyzed using remotely sensed imagery comprising CORONA photographs of 1967 and Landsat TM and Landsat ETM imagery of 1989 and 1994 and 2001, respectively. Comparison of temporal variations in the spatial distributions of different vegetation types and changes in the abundance of selected wildlife species demonstrate a persistent decrease in capacity of the environment to support wild animals, due to increasing abundance of poorly preferred browse species and increasing scarcity of favored varieties. Given the long-term direction of change showing continued deterioration of habitat conditions and the limited prospects for reversal of this trend, it is apparent that there is immediate need to realign wildlife management strategies in ways that can enhance the sustainability of wildlife and the supporting environment. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.	Preferred browse; Vegetation response; Wildlife management	Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548216169	Evaluation of selected herbicides for the control of European gorse (Ulex europaeus L) by cut-stump and foliar treatment	Viljoen B.D., Stoltsz C.W.	2007	South African Journal of Plant and Soil	24	2	None	Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, P.O. Box 318, Uitenhage 6230, South Africa	Viljoen, B.D., Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, P.O. Box 318, Uitenhage 6230, South Africa; Stoltsz, C.W., Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, P.O. Box 318, Uitenhage 6230, South Africa	European gorse (Ulex europaeus L) is a persistent, declared weed (Category 1) of South Africa. Current distribution is limited to the moist, high altitude regions of the Drakensberg (KwaZulu Natal Province) and Amatola (Eastern Cape Province) mountains. Gorse poses a threat to the plant diversity of forests, where it could establish itself quickly and occupies the site indefinitely. Once established, gorse can be difficult to eradicate, as it resprouts if cut or burnt and no herbicide was registered in South Africa at the time of this research on its control. The objective of this investigation was therefore to evaluate selected herbicides at various concentrations using different application techniques. Picloram and triclopyr ester proved the most effective and consistent across all application methods, while imazapyr is also recommended for cut-stump treatment. As a result of this research, both picloram and triclopyr were registered under Act 36 (1947) for the control of European gorse by means of cut stump and foliar treatment.	Chemical control; Declared weed; European gorse; Herbicides; Ulex europaeus	agroforestry; herbicide; species diversity; weed control; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Ulex europaeus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957201164	Preliminary evaluation of residual herbicides for the control of camelthorn bush (Alhagi maurorum Medik.)	Viljoen B.D., Stoltsz C.W., Van Der Rijst M.	2010	South African Journal of Plant and Soil	27	2	None	Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, P.O. Box 318, Uitenhage, 6230, South Africa; Agricultural Research Council, Biometry Unit, Private Bag X5013, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa	Viljoen, B.D., Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, P.O. Box 318, Uitenhage, 6230, South Africa; Stoltsz, C.W., Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, P.O. Box 318, Uitenhage, 6230, South Africa; Van Der Rijst, M., Agricultural Research Council, Biometry Unit, Private Bag X5013, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa	Camelthorn bush (Alhagi maurorum Medik.) invasion in South Africa is a serious, but still relatively localized problem, with the potential to spread into many other parts of the country. Previous research revealed the difficulty in killing the deep extensive root system when using foliarapplied herbicides. The small leaf area available for herbicide absorption relative to the large root system and the apparent inability of foliar-applied herbicides to translocate in sufficient quantity beyond the root crown are probably some of the main reasons for the poor levels of control normally achieved. It stands to reason that residual herbicides that are root absorbed may be a better option to enhance control. Tebuthiuron 200 g kg1 (Molopo 200 GG) is an example of such a herbicide and is presently the only product registered for control of camelthorn bush in South Africa. However, since the plant is often a problem in cultivated areas and since tebuthiuron has a long-term soil sterilizing effect, this product has limited practical application value for control of camelthorn bush. The objective of this study was to investigate other residual herbicides that would have a lower residual impact on the soil. Results showed that both imazapyr 250 g ℓ-1 SL (8 ℓ ha-1) and metsulfuron-methyl 600 g kg-1 WP (13.33 kg ha-1) outper-formed all other treatments and sustained good levels of population control for at least 2 years after application. It is recommended that the registration holders of these products conduct further trials for the purpose of registration to control camelthorn bush.	Chemical control; Herbicides; Invasive vegetation; Noxious weed	biological invasion; herbicide; leaf area; legume; pesticide application; pesticide residue; root architecture; root system; translocation; weed control; South Africa; Alhagi maurorum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053892761	Preliminary evaluation of soil-residual herbicides for the control of silver-leaf bitter apple (Solarium elaeagnifolium Cav.)	Viljoen B.D., Stoltsz C.W., Van Der Rijst M.	2011	South African Journal of Plant and Soil	28	2	None	Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, P.O. Box 318, Uitenhage, 6230, South Africa; Agricultural Research Council, Biometry Unit, Private Bag X5013, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; Hofmeyer Street, Despatch, 6220, South Africa	Viljoen, B.D., Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, P.O. Box 318, Uitenhage, 6230, South Africa, Hofmeyer Street, Despatch, 6220, South Africa; Stoltsz, C.W., Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, P.O. Box 318, Uitenhage, 6230, South Africa; Van Der Rijst, M., Agricultural Research Council, Biometry Unit, Private Bag X5013, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa	Solatium elaeagnifolium Cav., commonly known as silver-leaf bitter apple, silverleaf nightshade or "satansbos",has become one of the most important emerging weeds in South Africa, with the potential to spread throughoutsome of the major crop growing areas of the country. Consequently, it has been declared a weed of nationalimportance. Previous research revealed the difficulty in killing the extensive root system when using foliarapplied herbicides. The small leaf area for herbicide absorption relative to the large root system and apparentinability to translocate sufficient herbicide beyond the root crown are believed to be some of the main reasonsfor the poor levels of control achieved. Since herbicides capable of being absorbed by the roots may be moreeffective, a study was undertaken to evaluate a range of soil-residual herbicides in the hope of improving control.While imazapyr 250 g V SL applied at 81 ha"1initially caused the most significant reduction in weed populationlevels, it was ultimately tebuthiuron 500 g !"1 SC and a bromacil/tebuthiuron mixture 250/250 g ("1 SC applied at32 J ha"1 that sustained the best long-term control. However, the high cost and long soil residual nature of theseproducts would seriously limit their application value in cropping areas and sensitive habitats. Nonetheless, theymay be useful for controlling isolated dense patches on fallow land and along roadsides, away from desirablevegetation, steep slopes or watercourses. The registration holders of these products are encouraged to conductfurther evaluations using lower rates, as well as combining these products with foliar applied herbicides, toreduce costs and potential environmental impacts if used in sensitive habitats.	Chemical control; Noxious weed; Satansbos; Silverleaf nightshade	dicotyledon; environmental impact; herbicide; pesticide residue; root system; tolerance; translocation; weed control; South Africa; Citrullus colocynthis; Solanum elaeagnifolium; Solarium	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80455131226	The effect of dosing Megasphaera elsdenii NCIMB 41125 (Me) on lactation performance of multiparous Holstein cows	Henning P.H., Erasmus L.J., Meissner H.H., Horn C.H.	2011	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	41	2	None	Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag x2, Irene 0062, South Africa; Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa; Megastarter Biotech Pty Ltd T/A MS Biotech, PO Box 10520, Centurion 0046, South Africa	Henning, P.H., Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag x2, Irene 0062, South Africa, Megastarter Biotech Pty Ltd T/A MS Biotech, PO Box 10520, Centurion 0046, South Africa; Erasmus, L.J., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa; Meissner, H.H., Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag x2, Irene 0062, South Africa; Horn, C.H., Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag x2, Irene 0062, South Africa	The objective of the study was to determine whether early post-partum dosing of Megasphaera elsdenii NCIMB 41125 (Me) will be beneficial to performance of high producing TMR-fed cows. Sixty multiparous Holstein cows were randomly allocated to four treatments (60% or 70% concentrate diet and placebo or Me [single oral dose of 1011 cfu in 250 mL suspension on day of calving and Days 10 and 20 post-partum, respectively]). Observations were recorded between calving and 80 days post-partum. Performance data were analysed for all 60 cows combined and for the 40 highest producing cows only, since they were considered more susceptible to ruminal acidosis. For all 60 cows, body weight, condition score and milk yield tended to increase with Me, but data for the 40 highest producing cows suggested that this response could be ascribed primarily to higher producing cows on the higher concentrate diet. Dry matter intake and milk protein were not affected by Me, whereas milk fat percentage increased with Me but only in cows on the 60% concentrate diet. Results support the hypothesis that dosing with Megasphaera elsdenii is most likely to benefit higher producing cows with greater risk of acidosis.	Body weight; Concentrate; Dairy cow; Feed intake; Milk yield; Sara	Bos; Megasphaera elsdenii	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875868358	Evaluation of the bovineSNP50 genotyping array in four south african cattle populations	Qwabe S.O., vanMarle-Köster E., Maiwashe A., Muchadeyi F.C.	2013	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	43	1	10.4314/sajas.v43i.7	Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa; Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa; Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X5, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa	Qwabe, S.O., Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa, Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa; vanMarle-Köster, E., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa; Maiwashe, A., Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa; Muchadeyi, F.C., Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X5, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa	The BovineSNP50 genotyping array is a product with a wide range of applications in cattle such as genome-wide association studies, identification of copy number variation and investigation of genetic relationships among cattle breeds. It also holds potential for genomic selection, especially for traits that are expensive and difficult to measure. The successfulness of this chip for any of these applications depends on the degree of polymorphisms in the cattle breeds. The SNP50 array has not been validated in any South African cattle population and this could lead to overestimating the number of polymorphic SNPs available for application in it. This study is a first attemptto evaluate the Bovine64SNP50 genotyping array in the South African cattle population. Ninety six bovine samples, consisting of 45 Holstein, 29 Nguni, 12 Angus and 10 Nguni x Angus crossbred animals, were genotyped with the BovineSNP50 infinium assay. The results of this study demonstrated that 40 555 SNPs were polymorphic (MAF >0.05) in these breeds and indicate potential for application in South African cattle populations. Genomic information generated from the BovineSNP50 can now beapplied in genetic prediction, genetic characterization and genome-wide association studies.	Call rate; Minor allele frequency	Animalia; Bos; Bovinae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954164867	Effect of Megasphaera elsdenii NCIMB 41125 drenching on health and performance of steers fed high and low roughage diets in the feedlot	Leeuw K.-J., Siebrits F.K., Henning P.H., Meissner H.H.	2009	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	39	4	None	Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa; Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Megastarter Biotech Pty LTD t/a MS Biotech, P.O. Box 10520, Centurion 0046, South Africa; 189 Van Riebeeck Avenue, Centurion 0157, South Africa	Leeuw, K.-J., Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Siebrits, F.K., Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Henning, P.H., Megastarter Biotech Pty LTD t/a MS Biotech, P.O. Box 10520, Centurion 0046, South Africa; Meissner, H.H., Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa, 189 Van Riebeeck Avenue, Centurion 0157, South Africa	Lactate utilising bacteria (LUB) assist in reducing the risk of ruminal lactate acidosis when high concentrate diets are fed to feedlot cattle. Ruminal lactate acidosis can lead to lower animal performance and morbidity. Preliminary studies suggested that the strain, Megasphaera elsdenii (M.e.) NCIMB 41125, is a particularly potent LUB. The potential of M.e.NCIMB 41125 to improve the health and performance of feedlot cattle was investigated. Four hundred and forty eight Bonsmara steers (ca. 240 kg) were used in a 100-day feeding trial. Half the steers received at processing 200 mL M.e.NCIMB 41125 per os (LY) and the other half no LUB (LN). The diets in each of these treatments were divided into a low roughage (2%) (RL) and high roughage (8%) (RH) diet. The effects of LY vs. LN, RL vs. RH as main effects and their respective interactions (LYRL, LYRH, LNRL & LNRH) were compared in terms of morbidity, feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. The steers were weighed at two week intervals, feed was offered daily and the orts were removed weekly from each pen. The faecal consistency score and incidence of morbidity were recorded. At slaughter, carcass data were collected and the health status of the liver and rumen epithelium was assessed. Steers dosed with M.e.NCIMB 41125 had a 5.6% better average daily gain (ADG) during weeks 3 - 5 (2.09 kg/day vs. 1.98 kg/day for LY and LN, respectively). Feed conversion ratio (FCR, Weeks 1 - 13) was better for the steers fed the RL than the RH treatment (4.72 kg/kg vs. 4.99 kg/kg for RL and RH, respectively). Steers on the LNRH treatment during weeks 3 - 5 used more feed per kg gain than steers on the other treatments (5.39 kg/kg for LNRH vs. 4.74 kg/kg and 4.72 kg/kg for LYRL and LNRL, respectively). More steers (21) on the LNRL treatment were treated for morbidity than on the other treatments (8, 7 and 5 for LYRL, LYRH and LNRH, respectively). In general, animal performance was not improved by dosing with M.e.NCIMB 41125, but since ADG was improved in the immediate postadaptation phase (weeks 3 - 5) and morbidity levels were lower on the low roughage diet, dosing of steers on low roughage, lactate acidosis-prone, diets with M.e.NCIMB 41125 should prove useful. © South African Society for Animal Science.	Acidosis; Beef cattle; Lactic acid utilising bacteria; Morbidity	Animalia; Bacteria (microorganisms); Bos; Megasphaera elsdenii	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871394974	Characterization and evaluation of South African sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) LAM) land races	Laurie S.M., Calitz F.J., Adebola P.O., Lezar A.	2013	South African Journal of Botany	85	None	10.1016/j.sajb.2012.11.004	Agricultural Research Council, Roodeplaat Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Inst., Private Bag X293, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Agricultural Research Council, Biometry Unit, PO Box 8783, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	Laurie, S.M., Agricultural Research Council, Roodeplaat Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Inst., Private Bag X293, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Calitz, F.J., Agricultural Research Council, Biometry Unit, PO Box 8783, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Adebola, P.O., Agricultural Research Council, Roodeplaat Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Inst., Private Bag X293, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Lezar, A., Agricultural Research Council, Roodeplaat Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Inst., Private Bag X293, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	A total of 57 sweet potato accessions, consisting of 51 South African land races and six local cultivars, were subjected to characterization in a glass house and in follow-up field experiments. The accessions were morphologically characterized using the Bioversity International descriptors and, in addition, screened for drought and heat tolerance. Significant differences were observed for the following drought-heat screening parameters: number of days to severe wilting and number of severely wilted plants. A number of land races showed tolerance to both drought and heat, namely A3026, A3027, A2316 and A46. The multivariate cluster analysis and principal component analysis divided the 57 accessions into three groups consisting of 17, 21 and 19 accessions, respectively. The commercial varieties were all allocated to group 3, except the old cultivar Mafutha, which was in group 1. The most important characters for distinction of the accessions were leaf outline, leaf lobe type, leaf lobe number, and shape of the central leaf lobe. The study provided comprehensive information concerning locally available sweet potato germplasm and is of vital importance for advancement in the sweet potato improvement program in South Africa. The information will also be useful to SASHA (a regional network for sweet potato breeding), ensuring wider utilization of these germplasms within Sub-Saharan Africa. © 2012.	Drought screening; Morphological traits; Multivariate cluster analysis; Sweet potato	cluster analysis; cultivar; germplasm; morphology; principal component analysis; root vegetable; tolerance; South Africa; Ipomoea batatas	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053905827	Comparative performance of tomato cultivars cultivated in two hydroponic production systems	Maboko M.M., Du Plooy C.P., Bertling I.	2011	South African Journal of Plant and Soil	28	2	None	Agricultural Research Council, Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute, Private Bag X 293, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Horticultural Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg, 3201, South Africa	Maboko, M.M., Agricultural Research Council, Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute, Private Bag X 293, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa, Horticultural Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg, 3201, South Africa; Du Plooy, C.P., Agricultural Research Council, Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute, Private Bag X 293, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Bertling, I., Horticultural Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg, 3201, South Africa	Cultivar selection for different hydroponic production systems is an important management decision, potentially impacting the tomato grower's profitability. Knowledge on the performance of tomato cultivars, in specific hydroponic systems (open-bag and closed system) under South African conditions, is still very limited. The performance of four cultivars was evaluated in an open and a closed hydroponic (gravel-film technique) system. The commonly grown cultivars evaluated in each of the two hydroponic systems were 'FA593', 'Malory', 'Miramar' and 'FiveOFive'. For each experiment a randomized complete block design was used with four replicates. Total, marketable and unmarketable yields, as well as internal fruit quality characteristics (total soluble solids (̊Brix) and pH) were determined. Although no significant differences in total yield could be established - neither in the open nor in the closed hydroponic system - differences in marketable yield were observed. 'Miramar' and 'FiveOFive' produced the highest marketable yield in the closed system; the high unmarketable yield of 'FA593' and 'Malory' in the closed hydroponic system could be attributed to the high number of cracked fruit due to their inherent larger fruit size. There were no significant differences in ̊Brix between cultivars in the closed system. Cultivar 'FiveOFive', 'FA593' and 'Miramar' produced higher marketable yields than cultivar 'Malory' when grown in the open-bag system. 'Malory' and 'FA593' produced the highest number of fruit exhibiting fruit cracking in the open bag system. In the open system, only cultivar 'Malory' had a higher ̊Brix than 'Miramar' and 'FiveOFive'. The most promising cultivars for local hydroponic tomato production, with regard to yield and quality, were identified as 'Miramar' and 'FiveOFive', with 'FA593' performing equally in the open system only. Further studies need to be undertaken on economical comparison of the two production systems.	Closed hydroponic system; Fruit cracking; Marketable yield; Open hydroponic system	agricultural market; agricultural research; comparative study; crop production; crop yield; cultivar; cultivation; decision making; experimental design; fruit; fruit production; hydroponics; nutritive value; performance assessment; profitability; South Africa; Lycopersicon esculentum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84946190421	Growth performance, blood metabolic responses, and carcass characteristics of grower and finisher south african windsnyer-type indigenous and large white × landrace crossbred pigs fed diets containing ensiled corncobs	Kanengoni A.T., Chimonyo M., Erlwanger K.H., Ndimba B.K., Dzama K.	2014	Journal of Animal Science	92	12	10.2527/jas2014-8067	Agricultural Research Council-Animal Production Institute, Private Bag X2, Irene, South Africa; Discipline of Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X 3, Wits, South Africa; Agricultural Research Council, Proteomics Research and Services Unit, Infruitech-Nietvoorbij Institute, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa	Kanengoni, A.T., Agricultural Research Council-Animal Production Institute, Private Bag X2, Irene, South Africa, Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Chimonyo, M., Discipline of Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Erlwanger, K.H., School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X 3, Wits, South Africa; Ndimba, B.K., Agricultural Research Council, Proteomics Research and Services Unit, Infruitech-Nietvoorbij Institute, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa; Dzama, K., Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa	A study was taken to evaluate growth performance, carcass characteristics, and blood metabolite concentrations when ensiled corncobs were included in indigenous and commercial pig diets. Fifty Large White × Landrace (LW×LR) crossbred pigs and 30 South African Windsnyer-type indigenous pigs (SAWIP) were evaluated. They were fed a control (CON), a low inclusion of ensiled corncob (LMC), and a high inclusion of ensiled corncob (HMC) diet in a completely randomized block design. The LW×LR crosses had greater (P < 0.05) final weight, ADFI, DMI, ADG, and G:F ratios than the SAWIP at both the grower and finisher stages. The SAWIP consumed more feed per metabolic BW (BW0.75) than LW×LR crosses at the grower stage while LW×LR crosses consumed more than SAWIP at the finisher stage (P < 0.05). The finishers’ G:F ratio was greater (P < 0.05) in the CON than in the HMC diet. The LW×LR growers and finishers had greater (P < 0.05) warm carcass weight (WCW), cold carcass weight (CCW), carcass length, drip loss, pH at 24 h, eye muscle area, and lean percent than those of SAWIP growers and finishers. The LW×LR finishers on the CON diet had greater (P < 0.05) WCW and CCW than those on the HMC and LMC diets. There were diet × breed interactions for dorsal fat thickness at first rib (DFT1), dorsal fat thickness at last lumbar vertebra (DFT3), backfat thickness (BFT), and hindquarter weight proportion (HQWP) in the growers. The LW×LR growers and finishers had greater values (P < 0.05) of hindquarter length, hindquarter circumference, HQWP, and shoulder weight proportion than the SAWIP growers and finishers, respectively. The SAWIP growers and finishers had greater values (P < 0.05) of DFT1, dorsal fat thickness at last rib, DFT3, and BFT than the LW×LR growers and finishers, respectively. There were breed × diet interactions (P < 0.05) for alanine aminotransferase and amylase (AMYL). The LW×LR crosses had greater (P < 0.05) values of creatinine, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, and AMYL than the SAWIP. The breed of pig influenced most of the growth performance and carcass parameters more than the diet did. There was no clear link between the blood metabolite levels and the diets. Since the inclusion of ensiled corncobs in diets did not affect negatively the selected important commercial pork cuts in South Africa, this could imply that they have a greater role as a pig feed resource. © 2014 American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved.	Blood metabolites; Fermentation; Fiber; Pig genotypes; Serum enzymes	Pieris brassicae; Suidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79961045624	Evaluation of nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum and Pseudomonas fluorescens for Panama disease control	Belgrove A., Steinberg C., Viljoen A.	2011	Plant Disease	95	8	10.1094/PDIS-06-10-0409	Agricultural Research Council-Grain Crops Institute, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; INRA-Université de Bourgogne, Microbiology of Soil and Environment, Dijon, France; Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Belgrove, A., Agricultural Research Council-Grain Crops Institute, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa, Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Steinberg, C., INRA-Université de Bourgogne, Microbiology of Soil and Environment, Dijon, France; Viljoen, A., Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum endophytes from healthy banana roots were evaluated for their ability to reduce Fusarium wilt of banana (Panama disease). Isolates were identified morphologically and by using species-specific primers. Pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculating banana plantlets in the greenhouse. Nonpathogenic F. oxysporum isolates were grouped into 14 haplotype groups by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the intergenic spacer region, and representative isolates evaluated for biocontrol of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense. In the greenhouse, 10 nonpathogenic F. oxysporum isolates were able to significantly reduce Fusarium wilt of banana. The isolate that protected banana plantlets best in the greenhouse, a nonpathogenic F. oxysporum from the root rhizosphere, and Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS 417 were then field tested. When the putative biological control organisms were tested in the field, neither the nonpathogenic F. oxysporum, P. fluorescens, nor combinations thereof reduced Fusarium wilt development significantly. A number of factors could contribute to the lack of field protection, including soil microbial and chemical composition and reduced survival of biocontrol organisms in banana roots. A lack of knowledge regarding the etiology of Fusarium wilt of 'Cavendish' banana in the subtropics and the effect of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense race and banana cultivar in protection of banana by biocontrol organisms should be further investigated. © 2011 The American Phytopathological Society.	None	Fusarium; Fusarium oxysporum; Fusarium sp.; Musa acuminata; Pseudomonas fluorescens	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898598774	Evaluation of soil conservation measures on a highly erodible soil in the Free State province, South Africa	Paterson D.G., Smith H.J., Van Greunen A.	2013	South African Journal of Plant and Soil	30	4	10.1080/02571862.2013.861029	Agricultural Research Council-Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, Private Bag X79, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Free State Provincial Department of Agriculture, PO Box 13, Ladybrand 9745, South Africa	Paterson, D.G., Agricultural Research Council-Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, Private Bag X79, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Smith, H.J., Agricultural Research Council-Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, Private Bag X79, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Van Greunen, A., Free State Provincial Department of Agriculture, PO Box 13, Ladybrand 9745, South Africa	Soil erosion is a problem in South Africa, and is exacerbated by poor land use practices and erodible soils. Several methods are available to address the problem and a runoff trial was conducted over four rainfall seasons on an erodible, duplex soil. Various geotextiles and physical measures were evaluated. The treatments comprised jute matting, a synthetic geotextile, woven palm mats, micro-basins, surface stone rows and bare soil as the control. Runoff was recorded by a datalogger, with sediment load manually sampled after each rainfall event. All the treatments performed better than the bare soil, but there were several variations. Runoff was on average 38-63% less than that produced by the bare soil, whereas sediment load was on average 16-72% less. Re-establishment of vegetation cover was up to twice that of the bare plot. Approximation of soil loss showed reduction from an annual rate of over 50 t ha-1 to between 1 and 7 t ha-1 for most treatments. While many land users or communities may not be able to obtain or afford relatively expensive geotextiles, more basic treatments, requiring a lower level of inputs, are available as a cost-effective means of addressing the problem of excessive soil loss. Copyright © 2013 Combined Congress Continuing Committee.	Runoff plots; Soil conservation; Soil loss; Vegetation cover; Water erosion	data acquisition; erodibility; geotextile; land use; revegetation; runoff; soil conservation; soil erosion; water erosion; Free State; South Africa; Corchorus capsularis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903273884	Preliminary evaluation of guava selections for guava wilt disease resistance in South Africa	Schoeman M.H., Labuschagne N.	2014	South African Journal of Plant and Soil	31	2	10.1080/02571862.2014.917385	Agricultural Research Council-Institute for Tropical and Subtropical Crops, Nelspruit, South Africa; Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Schoeman, M.H., Agricultural Research Council-Institute for Tropical and Subtropical Crops, Nelspruit, South Africa; Labuschagne, N., Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Guava wilt disease (GWD), caused by Nalanthamala psidii, is a serious disease occurring in the guava-producing areas of the Mpumalanga and Limpopo provinces of South Africa. Two resistant guava rootstocks, TS-G1 and TS-G2, were developed by the ARC-ITSC in 1995. In 2009, a renewed outbreak of GWD was reported, which also affected the resistant TS-G2 cultivar, placing the guava industry under threat again. The aim of this study was to seek resistant guava selections by means of in vitro screening of guava seedlings and subsequently testing the most promising selections in inoculation studies with N. psidii. A culture filtrate of N. psidii was used to screen guava seedlings in vitro. Promising selections were multiplied in tissue culture, hardened-off and planted in bags before inoculation with the GWD fungus in a shadehouse trial. The number of plants surviving nine months after inoculation was recorded. Although none of the selections showed complete resistance, selection MS44 showed some tolerance against the G2 isolate of the pathogen obtained from diseased TS-G2 trees, whilst selection MS70 showed some tolerance against the G1 isolate obtained from diseased TS-G1 trees. These selections were also resistant to the original Fan Retief isolate of the pathogen. © 2014 © Southern African Plant and Soil Sciences Committee.	guava wilt; in vitro screening; Nalanthamala psidii; resistance	cultivar; disease resistance; fruit; inoculation; pathogen; seedling; wilt; Limpopo; Mpumalanga; South Africa; Fungi; Nalanthamala psidii; Psidium	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958254797	Evaluation of strategies for the control of canola and lupin seedling diseases caused by Rhizoctonia anastomosis groups	Lamprecht S.C., Tewoldemedhin Y.T., Calitz F.J., Mazzola M.	2011	European Journal of Plant Pathology	130	3	10.1007/s10658-011-9764-8	Agricultural Research Council-Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X5017, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Agricultural Research Council-Biometry Unit, PO Box 8783, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, Wenatchee, WA 98801, United States	Lamprecht, S.C., Agricultural Research Council-Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X5017, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Tewoldemedhin, Y.T., Agricultural Research Council-Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X5017, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Calitz, F.J., Agricultural Research Council-Biometry Unit, PO Box 8783, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Mazzola, M., United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, Wenatchee, WA 98801, United States	Several methods with potential for the management of Rhizoctonia diseases of canola and lupin including plant resistance, fungicide seed treatment and biological control using binucleate Rhizoctonia anastomosis groups (AGs) were evaluated under glasshouse conditions. Screening included the examination of resistance of eight canola and eight lupin cultivars/selections to damping-off and hypocotyl/root rot caused by the multinucleate Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-1, 2-2, 4 and 11. All canola cultivars were highly susceptible to AG-2-1, but Rocket, Spectrum and 44C11 were more resistant than the other cultivars. Spectrum and 44C73 were also more resistant to AG-4 than the other canola cultivars. On lupin, R. solani AG-2-2 and 4 were most virulent, and the cultivar Cedara 6150 and selection E16 were most resistant to AG-2-2; Cedara 6150, E16, Mandelup and Quilinock were more resistant to AG-4 than the other cultivars/selections. The Lupinus luteus selections, E80.1.1.2 and E82. 1. 1 were most susceptible to AG-2-2, 4 and 11. Seed treatment with the fungicides Cruiser OSR (a.i. difenconazole, fludioxonil, metalaxyl-M, thiamethoxam) and SA-combination (a. i. iprodione, metalaxyl, thiram) significantly increased survival of canola and lupin seedlings, decreased hypocotyl/root rot and improved the percentage of healthy seedlings, with the SA-combination being significantly more effective than Cruiser OSR. Application of the binucleate Rhizoctonia AGs (A, Bo, K and I) significantly increased the survival of lupin seedlings inoculated with R. solani AG-2-2 and 4, and AG-I and K significantly improved survival of canola in the presence of AG-4. This is the first report of the potential of binucleate AGs to protect canola and lupin seedlings against infection by multinucleate AGs. © 2011 KNPV.	Binucleate; Multinucleate; Protective effect; Resistance; Seed treatment	biological control; canola; cultivar; disease control; disease resistance; fungal disease; fungicide; infectious disease; legume; pesticide application; survival; Brassica napus; Brassica napus var. napus; Hyphomycetes; Lupinus luteus; Rhizoctonia; Thanatephorus cucumeris	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922261523	Evaluation of butterhead lettuce cultivars for winter production under a shadenet structure	Maboko M.M., Ncayiyana M., Du Plooy C.P.	2015	Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B: Soil and Plant Science	65	2	10.1080/09064710.2014.985250	Agricultural Research Council-Roodeplaat, Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute, Private Bag X293, Pretoria, South Africa	Maboko, M.M., Agricultural Research Council-Roodeplaat, Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute, Private Bag X293, Pretoria, South Africa; Ncayiyana, M., Agricultural Research Council-Roodeplaat, Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute, Private Bag X293, Pretoria, South Africa; Du Plooy, C.P., Agricultural Research Council-Roodeplaat, Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute, Private Bag X293, Pretoria, South Africa	Incorrect selection of cultivar leads to profit loss due to variability in yield and in quality characteristics of butterhead lettuce. Nine butterhead lettuce cultivars were evaluated in soil cultivation under a 40% white shadenet structure during the winter season on an experimental farm of the Agricultural Research Council – Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute (ARC-VOPI). The experiment was laid out as a randomised complete block design with five replicates. During harvest, 10 plants from each cultivar per replicate were assessed for yield, and five uniform heads were cut longitudinally for internal quality assessment. Quality assessment included compactness, uniformity, tipburn, disease tolerance and bolting tolerance. Results showed that head mass, height, diameter, uniformity, compactness, tipburn, disease tolerance and internal quality were significantly affected by cultivar choice. Recommended cultivars which outperformed the control (Ofelia) based on uniformity, tipburn and percentage marketable harvest were Analena, Fabieto RZ, Lobela and Rousso RZ. Results thus indicate that improved yield and quality of butterhead lettuce cultivars can be obtained by selecting the correct cultivar for winter production. © 2014, © 2014 Taylor & Francis.	compactness; internal quality; tipburn; uniformity; yield	Lactuca	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897446615	Diversity in Puccinia triticina detected on wheat from 2008 to 2010 and the impact of new races on South African wheat germplasm	Terefe T.G., Visser B., Herselman L., Prins R., Negussie T., Kolmer J.A., Pretorius Z.A.	2014	European Journal of Plant Pathology	139	1	10.1007/s10658-013-0368-3	Agricultural Research Council-Small Grain Institute, Private Bag X29, Bethlehem, 9700, South Africa; Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; CenGen, 78 Fairbairn St., Worcester, 6850, South Africa; USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, United States	Terefe, T.G., Agricultural Research Council-Small Grain Institute, Private Bag X29, Bethlehem, 9700, South Africa; Visser, B., Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Herselman, L., Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Prins, R., Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa, CenGen, 78 Fairbairn St., Worcester, 6850, South Africa; Negussie, T., Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Kolmer, J.A., USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, United States; Pretorius, Z.A., Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Samples of wheat and triticale infected with leaf rust were collected from 2008 to 2010 in South Africa to identify Puccinia triticina races. Races were identified based on their virulence profile on standard differential lines. Eight races were identified from 362 isolates. The dominant races were 3SA133 (syn. PDRS) in 2008 (78 %) and 2009 (34 %), and 3SA145 (47 %) in 2010. Race 3SA145 (CCPS) identified in 2009 was a new race in South Africa with virulence for the adult plant resistance gene Lr37. Another new race, 3SA146 (MCDS), was identified in 2010. Race 3SA146 is also virulent for Lr37 but unlike 3SA145, it is virulent for Lr1 and Lr23 and avirulent for Lr3ka and Lr30. Microsatellite analysis showed that 3SA145 and 3SA146 shared 70 % genetic similarity with each other, but only 30 % similarity with other races in South Africa, suggesting that both represent foreign introductions. In seedling tests of 98 South African winter and spring cultivars and advanced breeding lines, 27 % were susceptible to 3SA145 and 3SA146 but resistant to 3SA133. In greenhouse studies of 59 spring wheat adult plants, 19 % of breeding lines and 46 % of cultivars were susceptible to 3SA145, whereas 29 % of the lines and 53 % of cultivars were susceptible to 3SA146. The cssfr6 gene-specific DNA marker confirmed the presence of Lr34 gene for leaf rust resistance in a homozygous condition in 28 wheat entries. Five entries were heterogeneous for Lr34. Several entries which were susceptible as seedlings to the new races carried Lr34. These lines are expected to show lower levels of leaf rust as adult plants. Results of these studies indicate a continued vulnerability of South African wheat cultivars to new races and emphasise the importance of regular rust monitoring and the need to incorporate genes for durable resistance. © 2014 KNPV.	Leaf rust; Lr34; Microsatellites; Puccinia triticina; Race	cultivar; disease resistance; fungal disease; gene expression; genetic marker; germplasm; seedling; species diversity; vulnerability; wheat; South Africa; Puccinia triticina; Triticosecale; Triticum aestivum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861986901	Evaluation of aqueous extracts of five plants in the control of flea beetles on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)	Onunkun O.	2012	Journal of Biopesticides	5	SUPPL.	None	Agricultural Science Department, Adeyemi College of Educatio, P.M.B. 520, Ondo, Nigeria	Onunkun, O., Agricultural Science Department, Adeyemi College of Educatio, P.M.B. 520, Ondo, Nigeria	The emergence of biodegradable pesticides as safe option has reduced the problems that result from the use of synthetic insecticides, thus creating a renewed interest in their development and use in integrated pest management of crops. The objective of this study was to investigate the insecticidal properties of the water extracts of Jatropha curcas, Vernonia amygdalina, Ageratum conyzoides, Chromolaena odorata (L) and Annona squamosa on two species of flea beetles (Podagrica uniforma and P. sjostedti (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) infesting okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench), variety NHAE 47-4). The leaves and seeds of the plants used in the experiment were collected from the locality, washed and shade dried. A synthetic insecticide, lambda-cyhalothrin (karate) was included in the treatments as a standard check alongside the untreated (control). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with seven treatments and four replicates. The efficacy of the treatments was based on reduction in flea beetles and percentage reduction in population of the pests. The results showed that only three of the plant extracts (Jatropha curcas, Vernonia amygdalina and Annona squamosa) significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the population of the two flea beetles at 64%, 55% and 49%, respectively. Though the other two botanicals were not significant in reducing the population of the pests, they were better than the control. All the plant extracts tested were not as effective as the synthetic insecticide in reducing flea beetles population. Among the tested plants, J. curcas, was found to be more effective, hence its use by resource poor farmers is recommended in the protection of okra against the infestation of P. uniforma and P. sjostedti.© JBiopest.	Biodegradable; Botanicals; P. sjostedti; Plant extracts; Podagrica uniforma	Abelmoschus; Abelmoschus esculentus; Ageratum conyzoides; Alticini; Annona squamosa; Chromolaena; Chromolaena odorata; Chrysomelidae; Coleoptera; Gymnanthemum amygdalinum; Jatropha curcas; Podagrica; Siphonaptera (fleas); Vernonia amygdalina	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79551714785	Study on reproductive performance of Holstein-Friesian dairy cows at Alage Dairy Farm, Rift Valley of Ethiopia	Fekadu A., Kassa T., Belehu K.	2011	Tropical Animal Health and Production	43	3	10.1007/s11250-010-9734-8	Alage Agricultural Technical Vocational and Educational Training College, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Zeway 78, Ethiopia; Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; School of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	Fekadu, A., Alage Agricultural Technical Vocational and Educational Training College, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Zeway 78, Ethiopia; Kassa, T., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Belehu, K., School of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	A retrospective study was carried out to evaluate the reproductive performance of Holstein-Friesian cattle in Alage Dairy Farm in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia using data recorded from July 1983 to June 2005. Data of cows with complete information were considered, and a total of 1,104 records for calving to conception (Cal-Con), calving interval (CI), and number of services per conception (NSC), and 721 records for age at first service (AFS) and at first calving (AFC) were analyzed. The overall means (±S. E.) of AFS, AFC, Cal-Con and CI, and NSC were 991.4 ± 24.3, 1,265 ± 24.3, 285.8 ± 18.9, 561.3 ± 18.9 days and 1.69 ± 0.1, respectively. Parity significantly influenced NSC, Cal-Con, and CI. Season and year showed a significant effect on all the parameters, indicating the role of the environment and more specifically the influence of nutritional conditions at least for the long AFS and AFC, management practices, and climate on reproductive performance of the study herd. A more focused study to discern the elements of the reproductive constraints have been recommended. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Holstein-Friesian; Reproductive performance; Rift Valley	animal; animal husbandry; article; cattle; Ethiopia; female; methodology; physiology; pregnancy; regression analysis; reproduction; retrospective study; season; tropic climate; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Cattle; Ethiopia; Female; Least-Squares Analysis; Pregnancy; Reproduction; Retrospective Studies; Seasons; Tropical Climate; Bos; Friesia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920913660	Isolation of α-linolenic acid biohydrogenation products by combined silver ion solid phase extraction and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography	Turner T.D., Meadus W.J., Mapiye C., Vahmani P., López-Campos Ó., Duff P., Rolland D.C., Church J.S., Dugan M.E.R.	2015	Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences	980	None	10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.11.038	Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada; Thompson Rivers University, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC, Canada; Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, P. Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Livestock Gentec, 1400 College Plaza 8215 112 Street, Edmonton, AB, Canada	Turner, T.D., Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada, Thompson Rivers University, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC, Canada; Meadus, W.J., Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada; Mapiye, C., Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, P. Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Vahmani, P., Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada; López-Campos, Ó., Livestock Gentec, 1400 College Plaza 8215 112 Street, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Duff, P., Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada; Rolland, D.C., Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada; Church, J.S., Thompson Rivers University, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC, Canada; Dugan, M.E.R., Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada	Polyunsaturated fatty acids typically found in cattle feed include linoleic (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA). In the rumen, microbes metabolize these resulting in the formation of biohydrogenation products (BHP), which can be incorporated into meat and milk. Bioactivities of LA-BHP, including conjugated linoleic acid (cis (c) 9,trans (t) 11-18:2 and t10,c12-18:2) and trans fatty acid isomers (t9-, t10- and t11-18:1) have been investigated, but effects of several BHP unique to ALA have not been extensively studied, and most ALA-BHP are not commercially available. The objective of the present research was to develop methods to purify and collect ALA-BHP using silver ion (Ag+) chromatography in sufficient quantities to allow for convenient bioactivity testing in cell culture. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were prepared from perirenal adipose tissue from a cow enriched with ALA-BHP by feeding flaxseed. These were applied to Ag+-solid phase extraction, and eluted with hexane with increasing quantities of acetone (1, 2, 10, 20%) or acetonitrile (2%) to pre-fractionate FAME based on degree of unsaturation and double bond configuration. Fractions were collected, concentrated and applied to semi-preparative Ag+-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the isolation and collection of purified isomers, which was accomplished using isocratic elutions with hexane containing differing amounts of acetonitrile (from 0.015 to 0.075%). Purified trans-18:1 isomers collected ranged in purity from 88 to 99%. Purity of the ALA-BHP dienes collected, including c9,t13-18:2, t11,c15-18:2 and t10,c15-18:2, exceeded 90%, while purification of other dienes may require the use of other complementary procedures (e.g. reverse phase HPLC). © 2014.	Ag+-HPLC; Ag+-SPE; Biohydrogenation; α-Linolenic acid	Acetone; Acetonitrile; Bioactivity; Cell culture; Chromatography; Extraction; Hexane; High performance liquid chromatography; Isomers; Linoleic acid; Liquid chromatography; Liquids; Metal ions; Olefins; Phase separation; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Purification; Alpha linolenic acids; Biohydrogenation; Conjugated linoleic acid; Degree of unsaturations; Fatty acid methyl ester; Linolenic acids; Semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatographies; Solid-phase extraction; Fatty acids; acetone; acetonitrile; conjugated linoleic acid; fatty acid ester; hexane; linolenic acid; silver; trans fatty acid; linolenic acid; adipose tissue; animal cell; animal tissue; Article; biological activity; concentration (parameters); controlled study; cow; fractionation; high performance liquid chromatography; hydrogenation; isomer; linseed; nonhuman; priority journal; solid phase extraction; high performance liquid chromatography; isolation and purification; procedures; solid phase extraction; Bos; alpha-Linolenic Acid; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; Solid Phase Extraction	None
None	None	Use of hybrid cultivars in Kagera region, Tanzania, and their impact	Edmeades S., Nkuba J.M., Smale M.	2007	Research Report of the International Food Policy Research Institute	None	155	None	Agriculture and the Rural Development, World Bank, Washington, DC, United States; Maruku Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Bukoba, Tanzania; IFPRI, IPGRI	Edmeades, S., Agriculture and the Rural Development, World Bank, Washington, DC, United States; Nkuba, J.M., Maruku Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Bukoba, Tanzania; Smale, M., IFPRI, IPGRI	Banana hybrid use in Kagera Region, Tanzania have been beneficial in that the reduce vulnerability to production losses from biotic pressures. In order to assess, a treatment model is used as well as for the identification of the determinants of adoption and the effects of adoption on expected yield losses from pests and diseases. Meanwhile, the hybrids are high yielding and resistant to pests and diseases that ravaged banana production in the lakes region. It was shown that the intended impact of reducing yield losses to pests and diseases has been achieved, supporting research efforts aimed at developing resistant planting material and the formal diffusion program. Findings from the research showed that there is a need to disseminate new cultivars to sustain the benefits. Using the disease and pest resistant cultivars help farmers reduce dependence on pesticides and fungicides which are costly and bear health risks for farming communities, not to mention degrade the environment.	None	biotic factor; cultivar; health risk; hybrid; pest resistance; pesticide resistance; yield; Africa; East Africa; Kagera; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania	None
WoS	WOS:000242694600004	Development of a participatory monitoring and evaluation strategy	Forde, Sarah,Holte-McKenzie, Merydth,Theobald, Sally	2006	EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING	29	4	10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2006.08.007	Agriteam Canada Consulting Ltd, Moving Goalposts Kilifi, Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med	None	This paper describes the process of developing a participatory monitoring and evaluation strategy for a Kenyan youth-based NGO. The iterative nature of the study including the process of narrowing down indicators to measure and methods to monitor/evaluate these is well documented. A discussion on the extent to which the process achieved participation and was empowering for the participants reflects on existing power relationships and cultural context of Kenya and points to the need to create opportunities for youth where they engage with the broader community. Lessons that emerge out of the study focus on the importance of prioritizing monitoring and evaluation, the potential of youth to carry out effective monitoring and evaluation, and the need for researchers to engage respectfully with communities and participants. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd.	"capacity building",EMPOWERMENT,evaluation,MONITORING,participatory,YOUTH,HEALTH-CARE,"WOMENS EMPOWERMENT"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-49549106447	Impact of milling techniques on the particle size distribution pattern of turmeric powder	Mangaraj S., Singh R., Adewumi B.A.	2008	Journal of Food Science and Technology	45	5	None	Agro Processing Division, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal-462 038, India; Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Mangaraj, S., Agro Processing Division, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal-462 038, India; Singh, R., Agro Processing Division, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal-462 038, India; Adewumi, B.A., Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Turmeric (Curcuma longa Roxb) powder (TP) was prepared by milling turmeric rhizomes using pulverizer mill, burr mill and home grinder. The TP obtained from each machine was analyzed for particle size distribution using a particle size analyzer with laser distraction to study the effect of each milling technique on the particle size of TP. Standard percentile diameter D (v, 0.5), D (v, 0.1) and D (v, 0.9) for samples obtained from the pulverizer mill, burr mill and home grinder were 270.41μm, 109.48 μm and 511.67 μm; 310.23 UMn, 121.74 μm; and 607.42 μm; 391.56 μm, 132.12 μm, and 682.78 μm, respectively. Volume mean diameter [D 4, 3] was more (312.77 μm) for home grinder milled TP sample compared to 216.42 μm; for burr milled and 199.71 μm; for pulverizer milled TP. Surface area mean diameter [D 3, 2] was also higher (197.43 μm) for home grinder milled TP samples compared to other milled samples. The specific surface area (Aw) for pulverizer milled TP sample was highest (0.0367 m 2/g), followed by burr milled (0.0311 m 2/g and home grinder (0.0298 m 2/g) TP sample. Pulverizer milled TP was finer compared to burr milled and home grinder as indicated by standard deviation value of pulverized mill (0,155), home grinder (0.054) and burr mill (0.086). There was significant difference (p≤0.05) in particle size distribution of TP prepared employing various milling techniques.	Milling technique; Particle size distribution; Specific surface area; Surface area moment mean; Turmeric powder; Volume moment mean	Grain size and shape; Grinding (machining); Grinding machines; Milling (machining); Particle size; Particle size analysis; Powders; Size distribution; Standards; Curcuma longa; Mean diameter; Milling technique; Particle size analyzer; Particle size distribution; Specific surface area; Specific surface areas; Surface area; Surface area moment mean; Turmeric powder; Volume mean diameter; Volume moment mean; Grinding mills; Curcuma longa	None
None	None	Projected impacts of climate change on marine fish and fisheries	Hollowed A.B., Barange M., Beamish R.J., Brander K., Cochrane K., Drinkwater K., Foreman M.G.G., Hare J.A., Holt J., Ito S.-I., Kim S., King J.R., Loeng H., Mackenzie B.R., Mueter F.J., Okey T.A., Peck M.A., Radchenko V.I., Rice J.C., Schirripa M.J., Yats	2013	ICES Journal of Marine Science	70	5	10.1093/icesjms/fst081	Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, United States; Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth PL1 3DH, United Kingdom; Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, BC, V9T 6N7, Canada; Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, DTU Aqua-National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Jaegersborg Allé 1, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark; Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6150, South Africa; Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 1870, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway; Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences, 9860 W. Saanich Rd, Sidney, BC, V8L 4B2, Canada; NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Narragansett Laboratory, Narragansett, RI, United States; National Oceanography Centre, Joseph Proudman Building, 6 Brownlow Street, Liverpool L3 5DA, United Kingdom; Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, FRA, 3-27-5, Shinhama-cho, Shiogama, Miyagi 985-001, Japan; Department of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, 599-1 Daeyeon-3dong, Nam-gu, Busan R 608-737, South Korea; Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate and Center for Ocean Life, Technical University of Denmark, KavalergûËrden 6, DK 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark; School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Juneau Center, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, 17101 Pt. Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801, United States; School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, PO Box 3060 STN CSC, Victoria BC V8W 3R4, Canada; Institute for Hydrobiology and Fisheries Science, Olbersweg 24, 22767 Hamburg, Germany; Pacific Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (TINRO-Center), 4 Shevchenko Alley, Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray 690950, Russian Federation; Science Sector, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, 200 Kent Street Station 12S015, Ottawa, ON, K1A0E6, Canada; Southeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149, United States; Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research Agency, 1551-8 Taira-machi, Nagasaki 851-2213, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental Science, Division of Environmental Resources, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan	Hollowed, A.B., Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, United States; Barange, M., Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth PL1 3DH, United Kingdom; Beamish, R.J., Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, BC, V9T 6N7, Canada; Brander, K., Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, DTU Aqua-National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Jaegersborg Allé 1, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark; Cochrane, K., Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6150, South Africa; Drinkwater, K., Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 1870, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway; Foreman, M.G.G., Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences, 9860 W. Saanich Rd, Sidney, BC, V8L 4B2, Canada; Hare, J.A., NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Narragansett Laboratory, Narragansett, RI, United States; Holt, J., National Oceanography Centre, Joseph Proudman Building, 6 Brownlow Street, Liverpool L3 5DA, United Kingdom; Ito, S.-I., Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, FRA, 3-27-5, Shinhama-cho, Shiogama, Miyagi 985-001, Japan; Kim, S., Department of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, 599-1 Daeyeon-3dong, Nam-gu, Busan R 608-737, South Korea; King, J.R., Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, BC, V9T 6N7, Canada; Loeng, H., Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 1870, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway; Mackenzie, B.R., Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate and Center for Ocean Life, Technical University of Denmark, KavalergûËrden 6, DK 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark; Mueter, F.J., School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Juneau Center, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, 17101 Pt. Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801, United States; Okey, T.A., School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, PO Box 3060 STN CSC, Victoria BC V8W 3R4, Canada; Peck, M.A., Institute for Hydrobiology and Fisheries Science, Olbersweg 24, 22767 Hamburg, Germany; Radchenko, V.I., Pacific Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (TINRO-Center), 4 Shevchenko Alley, Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray 690950, Russian Federation; Rice, J.C., Science Sector, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, 200 Kent Street Station 12S015, Ottawa, ON, K1A0E6, Canada; Schirripa, M.J., Southeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149, United States; Yatsu, A., Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research Agency, 1551-8 Taira-machi, Nagasaki 851-2213, Japan; Yamanaka, Y., Graduate School of Environmental Science, Division of Environmental Resources, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan	Hollowed, A. B., Barange, M., Beamish, R., Brander, K., Cochrane, K., Drinkwater, K., Foreman, M., Hare, J., Holt, J., Ito, S-I., Kim, S., King, J., Loeng, H., MacKenzie, B., Mueter, F., Okey, T., Peck, M. A., Radchenko, V., Rice, J., Schirripa, M., Yatsu, A., and Yamanaka, Y. 2013. Projected impacts of climate change on marine fish and fisheries. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 1023-1037.This paper reviews current literature on the projected effects of climate change on marine fish and shellfish, their fisheries, and fishery-dependent communities throughout the northern hemisphere. The review addresses the following issues: (i) expected impacts on ecosystem productivity and habitat quantity and quality; (ii) impacts of changes in production and habitat on marine fish and shellfish species including effects on the community species composition, spatial distributions, interactions, and vital rates of fish and shellfish; (iii) impacts on fisheries and their associated communities; (iv) implications for food security and associated changes; and (v) uncertainty and modelling skill assessment. Climate change will impact fish and shellfish, their fisheries, and fishery-dependent communities through a complex suite of linked processes. Integrated interdisciplinary research teams are forming in many regions to project these complex responses. National and international marine research organizations serve a key role in the coordination and integration of research to accelerate the production of projections of the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems and to move towards a future where relative impacts by region could be compared on a hemispheric or global level. Eight research foci were identified that will improve the projections of climate impacts on fish, fisheries, and fishery-dependent communities. © 2013 Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea 2013. This work is written by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the US.	climate change; fish; fisheries; fisheries-dependent communities; uncertainty; vulnerability assessment	climate change; ecosystem; fish; fishery; fishery management; food security; habitat; Northern Hemisphere; shellfish; uncertainty analysis; vulnerability	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960421455	Comparative evaluation of different organic fertilizers on the soil fertility, leaf minerals composition and growth performance of dikanut seedlings (Irvingia gabonnesis L.)	Moyin-Jesu E.I.	2008	Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture	20	2	None	Agronomy Department, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Moyin-Jesu, E.I., Agronomy Department, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	An experiment was carried out at Akure in the rainforest zone of Nigeria to determine the effectiveness, of ten organic fertilizers on plant growth, soil fertility, and leaf nutrients composition of dikanut seedlings in the nursery. The organic fertilizer treatments were applied at 8t/ha (40g/10kg soil) to each polybag, a reference treatment NPK 15-15-15 compound fertilizer applied at 2g NPK/10kg soil (400kg/ha) and a control treatment (no chemical fertilizer nor manure), arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated four times. The results showed that the organic fertilizers increased the seedlings' growth significantly (P<0.05), leaf and soil N, P, K, Ca, Mg, soil pH and O.M of dikanut compared to the control treatment. The oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure increased the plant height, leaf area, stem girth, leaf numbers and root length of dikanut seedlings by 22%, 50%, 33%, 21% and 49% respectively, when compared to the NPK chemical fertilizer treatment. It also increased the leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg of dikanut seedlings by 35%, 37%, 39%, 36% and 65.3% respectively compared to the sole application of poultry manure. Oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment increased the soil pH, O.M, N. P, K, Ca, Mg by 6%, 13%, 19%, 28%, 32%, 33% and 21% respectively compared to the cocoa husk + spent grain treatment. Therefore the, oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure applied at 8t/ha was the most effective treatment in increasing growth, soil and leaf parameters of dikanut seedlings.	Dikanut seedlings; Growth performance; Leaf mineral composition; Organic fertilizers; Soil fertility	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76749099272	Evaluation of sole and amended organic fertilizers on soil fertility and growth of kola seedlings (Cola acuminate)	Moyin-Jesu E.I.	2009	Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science	32	1	None	Agronomy Department, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Moyin-Jesu, E.I., Agronomy Department, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	A healthy kola seedling in the nursery is very important for sustainable establishment and high yield of kolanuts in the fields. An investigation was carried out in Akure, in the rainforest zone of Nigeria, to determine the effectiveness of amended forms of wood ash and cocoa husk, turkey, goat and duck manures (sole) as sources of fertilizers, on the growth of kola (Cola acuminate) seedlings in the nursery. For this purpose, nine organic fertilizer treatments [duck manure, goat manure, turkey manure (sole), wood ash/duck manure mix, cocoa husk/duck manure mix, goat manure/wood ash mix, goat manure/cocoa husk mix, turkey manure/cocoa husk mix and turkey manure and wood ash mix] were applied at 8t/ha (40g per 10kg soil filled pots), replicated three times with NPK fertilizer and a control (no fertilizer), and arranged in a completely randomized design. The soil, plant and the organic residues were chemically analysed. The findings revealed that the use of organic residues significantly increased plant height, leaf area, stem girth, root length as well as leaf number of kolanut seedlings, soil and leaf N, P, K, Ca, Mg concentrations, soil pH and O.M contents (p&lt;0.05), relative to the control treatments. The amended wood ash + duck increased the shoot weight, plant height, root length, leaf area, leaf number and stem girth of kolanut by 6%, 27%, 20%, 35%, 27% and 37% respectively, as compared to using the NPK fertilizer. In addition, it was also found to increase the same parameters by 84%, 80%, 72%, 78%, 56% and 82% respectively, as compared to the control treatment. As for the soil chemical composition, duck manure + wood ash were shown to increase the soil N, P, K, Ca, Mg, pH and O.M by 42%, 26%, 38%, 46%, 59%, 6% and 52% respectively, compared to the duck manure (sole). At the same time, it also increased soil K, Ca, Mg, pH and O.M by 51%, 97%, 93%, 29% and 90% respectively, as compared to using the NPK fertilizer. In particular, the treatment using duck manure + cocoa husk increased the leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg of kolanut seedlings by 12%, 74%, 56%, 69% and 75%, respectively as compared to merely using duck manure (sole). It also increased the same leaf parameters by 42%, 54%, 92% and 84% respectively, as compared to the control treatment. In this study, the NPK fertilizer was found to decrease soil O.M but it increased soil N and P more than the organic residues. The amended duck manure + wood ash and duck manure + cocoa husk, applied at 8tha-1 (40g/10kg), were found to be the most effective in improving the performance of kolanut seedlings. ©Universiti Putra Malaysia Press.	Cola acuminate; Kolanut seedlings; Organic fertilizers	Capra hircus; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865618859	Comparative evaluation of modified neem leaf, wood ash and neem leaf extracts for seed treatment and pest control in maize (Zea mays L.)	Moyin-Jesu E.I.	2010	Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture	22	1	None	Agronomy Department, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Moyin-Jesu, E.I., Agronomy Department, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	An experiment was conducted at Akure, rainforest zone of Nigeria to evaluate the effectiveness of neem leaf, wood ash extracts, modified neem leaf extract, Apron star 42WS and Karate 720EC as seed treatment and pest control in maize. The organic treatment extracts namely neem leaf extract, wood ash extract applied at 1200ml per hectare and modified neem leaf extract (1:1 ratio 600ml wood ash + 600ml neem leaf extract) were compared with Apron star 42WS (seed treatment), Karate 720EC and control treatment (no neem leaf, wood ash extracts nor Karate),replicated four times and arranged in randomized complete block design. The results showed that there were significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in the germination counts, insect population, number of damaged leaves, growth and yield parameters of maize under different treatments compared to the control treatment. The modified neem leaf extract performed better in germination counts, reduction of damaged leaves, insect population and yield of maize than the sole application of neem leaf and wood ash. For percentage germination counts, Apron star 42WS had 65% followed by modified neem leaf extract (57%), wood ash extract (51%), neem leaf extract (47%) respectively. Modified neem leaf extract increased the leaf area, plant height and stem girth of maize by 8%, 5% and 7% respectively compared to the neem leaf (sole) extract. Generally, modified neem leaf extract had the best values of maize growth parameters followed by Karate, neem leaf and wood ash extracts respectively. Modified neem leaf extract decreased significantly the insect population, number of damaged leaves and number of holes per plant in maize by 33%, 70% and 30% respectively compared to the neem leaf extract (sole). When compared to modified neem extract, Karate decreased the number of damaged leaves per sample plot by 33%. However, there was no significant difference between karate and modified neem extract for insect population. For yield parameters, modified neem leaf extract significantly increased the maize yield gains by 15%, 14% and 2% compared to neem leaf, wood ash extracts and karate treatments respectively. However, wood ash and neem leaf extracts did not affect significantly the maize yield. Therefore, the modified neem leaf extract applied at 1200L/ha (3L/25m2) was most effective for pest control and seed treatment in maize crop.	Modified neem leaf; Neem leaf; Pest control and maize; Wood ash extract	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878793878	Comparative evaluation of different organic fertilizers on the soil fertility, leaf mineral composition and growth of bitter kola seedlings	Moyin-Jesu E.I., Adeofun C.O.	2008	Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture	20	1	None	Agronomy Department, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; College of Environmental Studies, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Moyin-Jesu, E.I., Agronomy Department, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Adeofun, C.O., College of Environmental Studies, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	The effect of oil palm bunch ash, spent grain, poultry and turkey manures applied solely and their supplemented forms, as sources of fertilizer on soil fertility, leaf mineral composition and growth of bitter kola (Garnicia colae) seedlings was investigated at Akure in the rainforest zone of Nigeria. The eight organic fertilizer treatments: spent grain, oil palm bunch ash, poultry manure, turkey manure, spent grain + poultry manure, spent grain + turkey manure, oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure and oil palm bunch ash + turkey manure were applied at 40g per 10kg soil filled polybag (8t/ha dry weight) with a reference treatment 400kg/ha NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer (2g per bag) and arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated three times. The supplemented or amended treatments were applied at a 50:50% by weight (20g each). The results showed that these organic fertilizers increased the growth parameters, soil and leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg, soil pH and organic matter significantly (P<0.05) compared to the control treatment. The supplements of oil palm bunch ash and wood ash with poultry and turkey manures increased consistently the growth, soil and leaf mineral compared to their sole forms. Oil pal bunch ash + poultry manure increased the leaf N (52%), P (27%), K (44%), Ca (39%) and Mg (51%) compared to the sole application of poultry manure. When compared with NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer, the oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment increased the plant height (40%) leaf area (50%), stem girth (45%) number of leaves (53%), and fresh shoot weight (29%). For soil chemical composition, the oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment increased the soil pH (28%), O.M. (92%), P (26.3%), Ca (99%), Mg (98%) and Na (93%) compared to the NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer. However, the NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer increased the soil K by 11% compared to the former. The high soil K/Ca, K/Mg and P/Mg ratios in the NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer treatment led to an imbalance in the supply of P, K, Ca and Mg nutrient to bitter kola seedlings. In these experiments, oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure applied at 8t/ha was most effective treatment in improving bitter kola growth parameters, soil and leaf mineral composition.	Bitter kola seedlings.; Growth parameters; Leaf mineral composition; Organic fertilizer; Soil fertility	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875021820	Comparative evaluation of different organic fertilizer on the soil fertility, leaf mineral composition, and growth performance of mango seedlings (Magnifera indica L.)	Moyin-Jesu E.I., Adeofun C.O.	2008	Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture	20	1	None	Agronomy Department, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, Ondo-State, Nigeria; College of Environmental Studies, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Moyin-Jesu, E.I., Agronomy Department, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, Ondo-State, Nigeria; Adeofun, C.O., College of Environmental Studies, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	An investigation was carried out at Akure in the rainforest of Nigeria to determine the effectiveness of sole and amended oil palm bunch ash and spent grain with poultry and turkey manures as sources of fertilizers on the growth of mango seedlings (Magnifera indica L) in the nursery. Eight organic fertilizer treatments, spent grain, oil palm bunch ash, poultry manure, turkey manures (sole forms), oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure, oil palm bunch ash + turkey manure, spent grain + poultry manure, spent grain + turkey manure, were applied at 8t/ha (40g per 10kg soil filled poly bag) with an NPK fertilizer 400kg/ha (2g per bag) treatment as a reference and a control (no fertilizer; no manure), replicated three times and arranged in a completely randomized design. The results showed that the organic fertilizers increased significantly (P<0.05) plant height, leaf area, stem girth, number of leaves of mango seedlings and root length, soil and leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg, soil pH and organic matter contents relative to the control treatment. Oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment increased the plant height, stem girth, leaf area, leaf number and root length of mango seedlings by 22%, 24%, 1%, 27% and 10% respectively, compared to NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer treatment. Amended oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment also increased the soil pH (H2O), O.M., N, P, Ca and Mg by 27%, 79%, 30%, 26%, 99% and 99.2% respectively compared to NPK fertilizer treatment. In addition, it also increased the leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg by 37%, 45%, 18%, 35%, and 15% respectively compared to the oil palm bunch ash (sole) treatment. However, NPK 15- 15-15 fertilizers increased only soil K by 10% compared to the oil palm bunch ash (sole) treatment. The highest soil K/Ca, K/Mg and P/Mg ratios in NPK fertilizer treatment led to imbalance in the supply of P, K, Ca and Mg nutrients to mango. Oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment applied at 8t/ha was the most effective treatment in improving mango growth parameters, leaf mineral composition, and soil fertility.	Growth performance and mango seedlings.; Leaf mineral composition; Organic fertilizers; Soil fertility	None	None
WoS	WOS:000327073900019	The impact of HIV status, HIV disease progression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms on the health-related quality of life of Rwandan women genocide survivors	Adedimeji, Adebola A.,Anastos, Kathryn,Cohen, Mardge H.,Gard, Tracy L.,Hoover, Donald R.,Mutimura, Eugene,Shi, Qiuhu	2013	QUALITY OF LIFE RESEARCH	22	8	10.1007/s11136-012-0328-y	Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York Medical College, Rush University, Rutgers State University, Yeshiva University, Kigali Hlth Inst	"Cohen, Mardge H.: Rush University","Hoover, Donald R.: Rutgers State University","Shi, Qiuhu: New York Medical College",	We examined whether established associations between HIV disease and HIV disease progression on worse health-related quality of life (HQOL) were applicable to women with severe trauma histories, in this case Rwandan women genocide survivors, the majority of whom were HIV-infected. Additionally, this study attempted to clarify whether post-traumatic stress symptoms were uniquely associated with HQOL or confounded with depression. The Rwandan Women's Interassociation Study and Assessment was a longitudinal prospective study of HIV-infected and uninfected women. At study entry, 922 women (705 HIV+ and 217 HIV-) completed measures of symptoms of post-traumatic stress and HQOL as well as other demographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics. Even after controlling for potential confounders and mediators, HIV+ women, in particular those with the lowest CD4 counts, scored significantly worse on HQOL and overall quality of life (QOL) than did HIV- women. Even after controlling for depression and HIV disease progression, women with more post-traumatic stress symptoms scored worse on HQOL and overall QOL than women with fewer post-traumatic stress symptoms. This study demonstrated that post-traumatic stress symptoms were independently associated with HQOL and overall QOL, independent of depression and other confounders or potential mediators. Future research should examine whether the long-term impact of treatment on physical and psychological symptoms of HIV and post-traumatic stress symptoms would generate improvement in HQOL.	HIV,"post-traumatic stress disorder","QUALITY OF LIFE",RWANDA,WOMEN,"ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",DEPRESSION,DISORDER,INFECTION,PEOPLE,PREDICTORS,RAPE,SOUTH,TRAUMA,WORLD	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884948338	Evaluation of cast Al-Si-Fe alloy/coconut shell ash particulate composites	Aku S.Y., Yawas D.S., Apasi A.	2013	Gazi University Journal of Science	26	3	None	Ahmadu Bello University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria	Aku, S.Y., Ahmadu Bello University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria; Yawas, D.S., Ahmadu Bello University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria; Apasi, A., Ahmadu Bello University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria	Al-7wt%Si-2wt%Fe alloy/Coconut shell ash(CSAp) composites having 3-15wt%coconut shell ash were fabricated by double stir-casting method. The microstructure, hardness values and density of the composites were evaluated. The density of the composites decreased as the percentage of coconut shell ash increases in the aluminum alloy. This means that composites of lower weight component can be produced by adding CSAp. Microstructural analysis showed fairy distribution of coconut shell ash particles in the aluminum alloy. The presence of the coconut shell ash particles in the matrix alloy resulted in a much smaller grain size in the cast composites compared to the matrix alloy as confirmed from X-ray diffractometer analysis. Significant improvement in hardness values is noticeable as the wt% of the coconut shell ash increased in the alloy. Hence, this work has established that incorporation of coconut shell particles in aluminum matrix can lead to the production of low cost aluminum composites with improved hardness values.	Aluminum alloy; Coconut shell ash; Density; Microstructure and hardness values	Aluminum composites; Aluminum matrix; Cast composites; Coconut shells; Hardness values; Microstructural analysis; Particulate composites; X ray diffractometers; Aluminum; Density (specific gravity); Hardness; Microstructure; Shells (structures); Silicon; Aluminum alloys	None
WoS	WOS:000313314600007	Impact of a customized peer-facilitators training program related to sexual health intervention	AbdulRahman, Hejar,AbuSamah, Bahaman,Awaisu, Ahmed,Ibrahim, Auwal,Rampal, Lekhraj,Saad, Abdulmumin,Sabitu, Kabiru	2012	INTERNATIONAL HEALTH	4	4	10.1016/j.inhe.2012.09.002	Ahmadu Bello University, Johns Hopkins University, Universiti Putra Malaysia, University of Qatar	"AbdulRahman, Hejar: Universiti Putra Malaysia","AbuSamah, Bahaman: Universiti Putra Malaysia","Awaisu, Ahmed: University of Qatar","Rampal, Lekhraj: Universiti Putra Malaysia","Saad, Abdulmumin: Johns Hopkins University","Sabitu, Kabiru: Ahmadu Bello University",	This study aimed to develop and implement a customized training program related to the delivery of an integrated human immunodeficiency virus - sexually transmitted infections (HIV-STI) risk reduction intervention for peer-facilitators and to evaluate its immediate outcome including changes in trainee knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported competence and confidence. We developed and delivered a structured training program and materials about HIV and STI prevention in a university setting. The training was offered to candidate facilitators who were planned to be involved in a larger project, known as Integrated HIV-STI Risk Reduction Program. Ten candidate facilitators participated in the training program and completed both the pretest and posttest survey questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0 software package and Wilcoxon signed rank test was applied to assess the impact of the training program. Overall, the trainees' performance in HIV-related and STI knowledge, attitude and stigma scores had significantly increased compared to the baseline.. The median scores for HIV and STI knowledge after the training significantly increased from 22.0 to 30.5 (p=0.007) and 8.0 to 9.5 (p=0.005), respectively, whereas the median score on the positive attitude towards HIV and STI prevention rose from 39.0 to 57.0 (p=0.011). Upon completion of the program, 80-100% of the trainees believed that they were competent and confident in performing most of the designed sexual health intervention activities. This preliminary study suggests that a customized on-site training program on sexual health intervention could significantly improve their knowledge, attitude and practice related to HIV-STI prevention. (C) 2012 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	HIV/AIDS,NIGERIA,Peer-facilitators,STI,TRAINING,YOUTH,ADOLESCENTS,"AIDS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE",ATTITUDES,BEHAVIOR,EDUCATION,HIV/AIDS,"HIV PREVENTION",SCHOOL,SOUTH-AFRICA,TRANSMITTED-DISEASES	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-27844443523	The impact of reduced drug prices on the cost-effectiveness of HAART in South Africa	Nattrass N., Geffen N.	2005	African Journal of AIDS Research	4	1	None	AIDS and Society Research Unit, Centre for Social Science Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Treatment Action Campaign, 34 Main Road, Muizenberg, Cape Town, South Africa	Nattrass, N., AIDS and Society Research Unit, Centre for Social Science Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Geffen, N., Treatment Action Campaign, 34 Main Road, Muizenberg, Cape Town, South Africa	South Africa has started 'rolling out' highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) through the public health sector, but implementation has been slow. Studies have shown that in Africa AIDS prevention may be more cost-effective than providing HAART; such published results provide some support for the South African government's apparent reluctance to implement a large-scale rapid HAART roll-out. However, previous studies have not linked treatment and prevention plans, and do not, for the most part, consider the potential savings to the public health sector (e.g., fewer hospital admissions) that may arise from the introduction of HAART. The South African costing exercise summarised here avoids both these limitations. It provides an update of earlier work and takes into account the recent decline in antiretroviral drug prices. It shows that once HIV-related hospital costs are included in the calculation, the cost per HIV infection averted is lower in a treatment-plus-prevention intervention scenario than it is in a prevention-only scenario. This suggests that it is economically advantageous to fund a large-scale comprehensive intervention plan and that the constraints for doing so are political. Once human-rights considerations are included, the case for providing HAART is even more compelling. Copyright © NISC Pty Ltd.	Antiretroviral therapy; HIV/AIDS; Prevention; Public health; Treatment	antiretrovirus agent; article; cost control; cost effectiveness analysis; cost of illness; drug cost; drug utilization; government; health care planning; health program; health promotion; highly active antiretroviral therapy; hospital cost; hospitalization; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; human rights; nonhuman; patient counseling; preventive health service; public health service; South Africa; vertical transmission; virus transmission	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-81855175823	Evaluation of the thermochemical properties for tropospheric ozone reactions	Igbafe A.I., Omhenke S.A.	2010	International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa	1	None	10.4028/www.scientific.net/JERA.1.39	Air Pollution Climatology and Energy Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Igbafe, A.I., Air Pollution Climatology and Energy Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Omhenke, S.A., Air Pollution Climatology and Energy Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	The thermochemical properties of varieties of species involved in the formation and consumption or destruction of tropospheric ozone during chemical reactions have been established. Ozone in the troposphere is produced during the day-time; hence it is a photochemically induced transformation process. This compound acts as precursor specie in many atmospheric transformations and constitutes a baseline component worth investigating. This study utilized electronic structure methods of computational model chemistries to evaluate for Gibbs free energies and enthalpies of formation and reactions of the various species. Ten prominent gas-phase and aqueous-phase reactions were analysed using five computational approaches consisting of four ab initio methods and one density functional theory (DFT) method. The computed energy values in comparison to those obtained through experimental approaches yielded an error of mean absolute deviation of 0.81%. The most relevant species that tend to enhance the production of ozone in the troposphere were O* and H2O2 for the gas-phase and aqueous-phase reactions respectively. Chemical equilibrium analysis indicated that the ozone formation and consumption reactions are more favourable in colder regions and at winter. © (2010) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.	Chemical reaction equilibrium; Thermochemical properties; Tropospheric ozone	Ab initio method; Atmospheric transformation; Chemical equilibriums; Chemical reaction equilibrium; Computational approach; Computational model; Density functional theory methods; Energy value; Enthalpies of formation; Experimental approaches; Gasphase; Mean absolute deviations; Ozone formation; Thermochemical properties; Transformation process; Tropospheric ozone; Chemical reactions; Computational methods; Density functional theory; Electronic structure; Troposphere; Ozone	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84869988258	Thermochemical evaluation of hydroxyl and peroxyl radical precursors in the formation of tropospheric ozone reactions	Igbafe A.I., Umukoro S.E.	2010	International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa	3	None	10.4028/www.scientific.net/JERA.3.74	Air Pollution Climatology and Energy Research Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Igbafe, A.I., Air Pollution Climatology and Energy Research Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Umukoro, S.E., Air Pollution Climatology and Energy Research Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	The thermochemical properties of varieties of species needed to assess the most prominent pathways of tropospheric ozone transformation have been established. In the troposphere, ozone which is a secondary pollution produced by photochemical induced transformation, acts as an oxidizing agent to numerous atmospheric reactions leading to the formation of particulate matter. Based on the climate related problems resulting from the precursor of particulate matter, it is adequate to establish the feasible routes of ozone formation. In this study, the electronic structure methods which approximate the Schrödinger equation to compute Gibbs free energies and enthalpies of formation of the various chemical species participating in the reactions were used. These thermodynamic properties were determined using four computational model chemistry methods integrated in the Gaussian 03 (G03) chemistry package. Five known reaction pathways for the formation of NO2 (the O3 precursor specie), as well as the dominant ozone formation route from NO 2 were examined and their energies determined. Of all the computational methods, the complete basis set (CBS-4M) method produced energies for all species of the five reaction routes. Out of the five routes, only the reactions involving radical species were favoured to completion over a temperature range of -100 and +100°C. The most relevant reaction route for the formation of NO2 and subsequently O3 is that involving the peroxyl acetyl nitrate (PAN) and hydroxyl radicals. Chemical equilibrium analyses of the reaction routes also indicated that reduction in temperature encourages NO2 formation while increase in temperature favours O 3 production. © (2010) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.	Chemical equilibrium; Nitrogen dioxide; Peroxyl acetyl nitrate; Thermochemical properties; Tropospheric ozone	Atmospheric reactions; Chemical equilibriums; Chemical species; Complete basis sets; Computational model; Dinger equation; Enthalpies of formation; Gaussians; Hydroxyl radicals; Nitrogen dioxides; Oxidizing agents; Ozone formation; Particulate Matter; Peroxyl radical; Radical species; Reaction pathways; Reaction routes; Relevant reactions; Secondary pollution; Temperature range; Thermochemical properties; Tropospheric ozone; Computational methods; Electronic structure; Nitrogen oxides; Ozone; Photochemical reactions; Troposphere; Air pollution	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876960079	Effects of soil parent material and climate on the performance of Vitis vinifera L. cvs. Sauvignon blanc and cabernet Sauvignon - Part I. Soil analysis, soil water status, root system characteristics, leaf water potential, cane mass and yield	Shange L.P., Conradie W.J.	2012	South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture	33	2	None	ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, 7599, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Shange, L.P., ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, 7599, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Conradie, W.J., ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, 7599, Stellenbosch, South Africa	In the Helderberg area of the Western Cape, South Africa, soil parent material may vary between granite and shale over relatively short distances. However, little information is available concerning the possible effects of different soil parent materials on grapevine performance. A five-year investigation (2004/05 to 2008/09) was therefore carried out. Two Sauvignon blanc and two Cabernet Sauvignon vineyard blocks were selected at four localities. Soils derived mainly from granite and shale were identified in each vineyard block. Climate and soil parameters, root distribution, grapevine water status, cane mass and yield were evaluated at all localities. Shale-derived soils contained significantly greater amounts of fine sand, but less coarse sand, than granite-derived soils. These differences resulted in water-holding capacities that were generally higher in the shale-derived soils. Shale-derived soils contained higher concentrations of total potassium (K), but the levels of water-soluble K were generally greater in the granitic soils. Root system development could not be related directly to soil parent material. However, in most cases fine root density in the granite-derived soils tended to be higher, while the cane mass and yield of grapevines in the same soils also tended to be higher, at least at two of the four localities. The effect of soil parent material on grapevine water constraints seemed more prominent during the drier seasons, namely 2004/05 and 2005/06, compared to the wet and coolest seasons, 2007/08 and 2008/09.	Fine root density; Granite; Grapevine performance; Shale; Soil water status	Vitaceae; Vitis; Vitis vinifera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880263775	Evaluation of urine-circulating cathodic antigen (Urine-CCA) cassette test for the detection of Schistosoma mansoni infection in areas of moderate prevalence in Ethiopia	Erko B., Medhin G., Teklehaymanot T., Degarege A., Legesse M.	2013	Tropical Medicine and International Health	18	8	10.1111/tmi.12117	Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Erko, B., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Medhin, G., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Teklehaymanot, T., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Degarege, A., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Legesse, M., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of antigen detecting urine-CCA cassette test for the detection of Schistosoma mansoni infection in areas of moderate prevalence in Ethiopia. Methods: Stool specimens were collected from 620 schoolchildren on three consecutive days. The samples were microscopically examined using double Kato slides; midstream urine specimens were also collected for three consecutive days and tested for S. mansoni. The sensitivity of the urine-CCA cassette test was determined using combined results of six Kato-Katz thick smears and three urine-CCA cassette tests as gold standard. The specificity of the urine-CCA cassette test was evaluated in an area where schistosomiasis is not endemic. Results: Prevalence of S. mansoni infection as determined by single urine-CCA cassette test was 65.9%, by single Kato-Katz smear 37.3% and by six Kato-Katz thick smears 53.1% (P < 0.001). A single urine-CCA cassette test was significantly (P < 0.001) more sensitive (89.1%), had a lower negative predictive value (78.2%), was more accurate (92.6%) and agreed better with the gold standard (k = 0.83) than one or six Kato-Katz thick smears. However, both the Kato-Katz and urine-CCA cassette test showed 100% specificity in endemic settings. Conclusions: In moderate and high prevalence areas, urine-CCA cassette test is more sensitive than the Kato-Katz method and can be used for screening and mapping of S. mansoni infection. © 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Ethiopia; Rapid diagnosis; Schistosomiasis mansoni; Urine-circulating cathodic antigen cassette	albendazole; praziquantel; antigen; disease prevalence; flatworm; infectious disease; infectivity; schistosomiasis; urine; article; child; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test; diagnostic test accuracy study; diagnostic value; endemic disease; Ethiopia; feces analysis; female; gold standard; helminthiasis; human; Kato Katz method; major clinical study; male; parasite identification; point of care testing; predictive value; preschool child; prevalence; schistosomiasis mansoni; school child; sensitivity and specificity; single drug dose; urinalysis; urine circulating cathodic antigen cassette test; Ethiopia; rapid diagnosis; Schistosomiasis mansoni; urine-circulating cathodic antigen cassette; Animals; Anthelmintics; Antigens, Helminth; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethiopia; Feces; Female; Glycoproteins; Helminth Proteins; Humans; Male; Parasite Egg Count; Point-of-Care Systems; Praziquantel; Prevalence; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis mansoni; Sensitivity and Specificity; Ethiopia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34248169658	Field-based evaluation of a reagent strip test for diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni by detecting circulating cathodic antigen in urine before and after chemotherapy	Legesse M., Erko B.	2007	Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene	101	7	10.1016/j.trstmh.2006.11.009	Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Legesse, M., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Erko, B., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The sensitivity of a reagent strip test for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis by detecting circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) in urine was evaluated under field conditions using 251 stool and urine samples collected from a Schistosoma mansoni-endemic area of Ethiopia. The specificity of the test was evaluated in an area where schistosomiasis is not endemic. Stool samples were examined microscopically using duplicate Kato slides and formol-ether concentration methods. The effectiveness of the test in monitoring efficacy was also evaluated following chemotherapy. The results revealed that detection of CCA in urine using the one-step reagent strip test was superior to the stool examination methods (P < 0.05) in indicating the prevalence of the disease. Assuming the combination of parasitological test results as the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of the test were 82.1% and 75.9%, respectively. The results of egg counts suggested the potential use of urine CCA in indicating the intensity of infection as an alternative to parasitological methods. The sensitivity and specificity of the test were 75% and 73.7%, respectively, following chemotherapy. Diagnosis of S. mansoni infection in urine using reagent strips would provide information on the prevalence of the disease, although further study is needed to improve its sensitivity and specificity. © 2007 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.	Circulating cathodic antigen; Ethiopia; Reagent strip; Schistosoma mansoni; Urine CCA	antigen; circulating cathodic antigen; praziquantel; unclassified drug; adolescent; adult; aged; antigen detection; article; child; controlled study; diagnostic test; drug efficacy; drug monitoring; endemic disease; Ethiopia; feces analysis; female; human; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; male; microscopy; nonhuman; prediction; prevalence; Schistosoma mansoni; schistosomiasis; sensitivity and specificity; test strip; urinalysis; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anthelmintics; Antigens, Helminth; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethiopia; Feces; Female; Glycoproteins; Helminth Proteins; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Praziquantel; Reagent Strips; Schistosomiasis mansoni; Sensitivity and Specificity; Schistosoma mansoni	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-46049089443	Field-based evaluation of a reagent strip test for diagnosis of schistosomiasis mansoni by detecting circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) in urine in low endemic area in Ethiopia	Legesse M., Erko B.	2008	Parasite	15	2	None	Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Legesse, M., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Erko, B., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of a reagent strip test for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis mansoni by detecting circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) in urine were evaluated using 184 stool and urine samples collected from schoolchildren living in relatively low endemic area of schistosomiasis mansoni in Ethiopia. A combined result of stool samples processed by Kato and formol-ether concentration methods was used as gold standard. The results showed that detection of CCA in urine using reagent strip test was slightly higher than the combined results of the stool techniques (65.2 % vs 42.4 %, p > 0.05) in suggesting the prevalence of the disease. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the reagent strip test were 76.9 %, 43.4 %, 50 % and 71.9 %, respectively. The result of egg counts using Kato method suggested that detection of urine CCA could be used to indicate the intensity of infection. Nevertheless, like that of stool examination, the reagent strip test was found to be less sensitive in case of light to moderate infections. About 23.1 % of the study children who were excreting the eggs of the parasite were found negative by the reagent strip test. The relative insensitivity of a reagent strip test in low intensity of infection necessitates for the development of more sensitive assay that can truly discriminate schistosome-infected from non-infected individuals.	CCA; Ethiopia; Reagent strip test; S. mansoni; Urine	CCA protein, Schistosoma mansoni; glycoprotein; helminth protein; parasite antigen; adolescent; adult; animal; article; child; cross-sectional study; Ethiopia; feces; female; human; immunology; male; parasite identification; parasitology; preschool child; prevalence; reproducibility; Schistosoma mansoni; sensitivity and specificity; test strip; urine; Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Antigens, Helminth; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethiopia; Feces; Female; Glycoproteins; Helminth Proteins; Humans; Male; Parasite Egg Count; Prevalence; Reagent Strips; Reproducibility of Results; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis mansoni; Sensitivity and Specificity; Schistosoma; Schistosoma mansoni	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873716775	Performance of CareStart™ malaria Pf/Pv combo test for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax infections in the Afar Region, North East Ethiopia	Chanie M., Erko B., Animut A., Legesse M.	2012	Ethiopian Journal of Health Development	25	3	None	Aklilu Lemma Institute of Patho-biology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Chanie, M., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Patho-biology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Erko, B., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Patho-biology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Animut, A., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Patho-biology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Legesse, M., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Patho-biology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Background: CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test has shown encouraging results for the diagnosis of P. falciparum and P. vivax infections in Ethiopia. Nevertheless, the performance of the test could be affected by different factors like gene polymorphisms, excess heat and humidity. Hence, evaluation of the performance of the test in different settings in Ethiopia is vital for the routine diagnosis of malaria. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test for the diagnosis of P. falciparum and P. vivax infections in the Afar Region, Northeast Ethiopia. Methods: Finger prick blood samples were collected from a total of 1092 patients who had malaria symptoms and visited three different health facilities in the Afar Region. Giemsa-stained thin and thick blood smears were prepared and microscopically examined under 100 × magnifications for Plasmodium species identification and determination of parasitaemia. CareStart Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test was also performed as per the manufacturer's instructions. The sensitivity and the specificity of the test was determined using microscopy as gold standard. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of the test were 98.5% and 98.0% respectively, with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 91.7% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 99.7% for the diagnosis of P. falciparum infection. The corresponding sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of P. vivax infection were 100% and 99.6% respectively, with PPV and NPV of 86.2% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed high sensitivity and specificity of CareStartTM Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test for the diagnosis of both P. falciparum and P. vivax infections in the study area, though additional study may be needed in the most peripheral hottest areas of the region.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67650573158	Evaluation of the performance of CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo and Paracheck Pf® tests for the diagnosis of malaria in Wondo Genet, southern Ethiopia	Bekele Sharew, Mengistu Legesse, Abebe Animut, Daddi Jima, Girmay Medhin, Berhanu Erko	2009	Acta Tropica	111	3	10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.05.014	Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Bekele Sharew, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Mengistu Legesse, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Abebe Animut, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Daddi Jima, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Girmay Medhin, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Berhanu Erko, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test relative to microscopy for the diagnosis of falciparum and vivax malaria in Ethiopia. Methods: 668 febrile patients visiting two health centers in Wondo Genet, southern Ethiopia, involved in this study in 2008. Giemsa-stained thin and thick blood smears were prepared and microscopically examined under a 100× oil immersion microscope objective for Plasmodium species identification and determination of parasitaemia, respectively. CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test and Paracheck Pf® test were performed as per the manufacturers' instruction. Findings: The diagnostic validity of CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum were very good with sensitivity of 99.4%, specificity of 98%, positive predictive value of 94.4% and negative predictive value of 99.8%. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the test for the diagnosis of P. vivax were 99.4%, 98.2%, 94.5% and 99.8%, respectively. The diagnostic performance of CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test is comparable to that of Paracheck Pf® test for the diagnosis of P. falciparum (sensitivity 99.4%, specificity 98.2%). Conclusion: Although CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test and Paracheck Pf® test have comparable diagnostic performance for the diagnosis of P. falciparum, CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test has the added advantage of diagnosing P. vivax. Hence, it is preferable to use CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test for the diagnosis of malaria in areas where microscopy is not accessible and where malaria due to P. falciparum and P. vivax are co-endemic as in Ethiopia. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	CareStart™ Malaria RDT; Diagnosis; Ethiopia; Malaria; Plasmodium species	disease treatment; malaria; medicine; microscopy; sensitivity analysis; adolescent; adult; aged; article; blood smear; child; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test; diagnostic value; Ethiopia; female; human; infant; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; malaria; malaria falciparum; male; parasite identification; Plasmodium vivax malaria; sensitivity and specificity; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Child; Child, Preschool; Ethiopia; Female; Humans; Infant; Malaria, Falciparum; Malaria, Vivax; Male; Middle Aged; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax; Predictive Value of Tests; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Sensitivity and Specificity; Young Adult; Africa; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa; Wondo Genet; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957875582	Field evaluation of the efficacy of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin against bovine tuberculosis in neonatal calves in Ethiopia	Ameni G., Vordermeier M., Aseffa A., Young D.B., Hewinson R.G.	2010	Clinical and Vaccine Immunology	17	10	10.1128/CVI.00222-10	Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; TB Research Group, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom; Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Division of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom	Ameni, G., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Vordermeier, M., TB Research Group, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom; Aseffa, A., Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Young, D.B., Division of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Hewinson, R.G., TB Research Group, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom	In developing countries, the conventional test and slaughter strategy for the control of bovine tuberculosis is prohibitively expensive, and alternative control methods such as vaccination are urgently required. In this study, the efficacy of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) for protection against bovine tuberculosis (bTB) was evaluated in Holstein calves under field conditions in Ethiopia. Thirteen neonatally vaccinated and 14 control calves were exposed for 10 to 23 months to skin test reactor cows. Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) testing, comparative intradermal tuberculin testing, postmortem examination, and bacteriological culture were used for the evaluation of BCG efficacy. The overall mean pathology score was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in control calves than in vaccinated calves. Culture positivity for Mycobacterium bovis was higher in the control calves than in the vaccinated calves, and significantly more BCG-vaccinated animals would have passed a standard meat inspection (P = 0.021). Overall, the protective efficacy of BCG was between 56% and 68%, depending on the parameters selected. Moreover, by measuring gamma interferon responses to the antigens ESAT-6 and CFP-10, which are present in M. bovis but absent from BCG, throughout the experiment, we were able to distinguish between vaccinated animals that were protected against bTB and those animals that were not protected. In conclusion, the present trial demonstrated an encouraging protective effect of BCG against bTB in a natural transmission setting in Ethiopia. Copyright © 2010, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.	None	BCG vaccine; culture filtrate protein 10; early secretory antigenic target 6; gamma interferon; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; bacterium culture; BCG vaccination; bovine tuberculosis; controlled study; disease severity; drug efficacy; Ethiopia; Mycobacterium bovis; newborn; nonhuman; priority journal; tuberculin test; Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Cattle; Ethiopia; Interferon-gamma; Lymphocytes; Mycobacterium bovis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Severity of Illness Index; Tuberculin Test; Tuberculosis Vaccines; Tuberculosis, Bovine	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862843375	Effects of level of concentrate supplementation on growth performance of Arsi-Bale and Boer × Arsi-Bale male goats consuming low-quality grass hay	Mohammed S., Urge M., Animut G., Awigechew K., Abebe G., Goetsch A.L.	2012	Tropical Animal Health and Production	44	6	10.1007/s11250-011-0056-2	Alage Agricultural Technical and Vocational Education Training College, Alage, Ethiopia; School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, Alemaya, Ethiopia; Ethiopia Sheep and Goat Productivity Improvement Program, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, P. O. Box 730, Langston, OK, United States	Mohammed, S., Alage Agricultural Technical and Vocational Education Training College, Alage, Ethiopia; Urge, M., School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, Alemaya, Ethiopia; Animut, G., School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, Alemaya, Ethiopia; Awigechew, K., Ethiopia Sheep and Goat Productivity Improvement Program, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Abebe, G., Ethiopia Sheep and Goat Productivity Improvement Program, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Goetsch, A.L., American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, P. O. Box 730, Langston, OK, United States	Eighteen Arsi-Bale (local) and 18 Boer × Arsi-Bale (crossbred) male goats, initially approximately 10 months of age, were used in a 12-week experiment to investigate potential interactions between genotype and nutritional plane in growth performance, carcass and skin characteristics, and mass of non-carcass components. Grass hay (6.7% crude protein and 71.9% neutral detergent fiber) was consumed ad libitum supplemented with 150, 300, or 450 g/day (dry matter; low, moderate, and high, respectively) of a concentrate mixture (50% wheat bran, 49% noug seed cake, and 1% salt). Initial body weight was 20.7 and 14.0 kg for crossbred and local goats, respectively (SE = 0.36). Hay dry matter intake was greater (P < 0.05) for crossbred vs. local goats (461 and 429 g/day) and similar among concentrate levels (438, 444, and 451 g/day for high, moderate, and low, respectively; SE = 4.7). Average daily gain was greater (P < 0.05) for crossbred than for local goats (36.6 and 20.8 g) and differed (P < 0.05) among each level of concentrate (43.7, 29.6, and 12.8 g for high, moderate, and low, respectively). Dressing percentage was similar between genotypes (41.1% and 41.1% live body weight for crossbred and local goats, respectively; SE = 0.59) and greater (P < 0.05) for high vs. low (43.5% vs. 38.7% live body weight). Carcass weight differed (P < 0.05) between genotypes (9.23 and 6.23 kg for crossbred and local goats, respectively) and high and low (8.80 and 6.66 kg, respectively). Carcass concentrations of physically dissectible lean and fat were similar between genotypes and high and low concentrate levels. There were few differences between genotypes or concentrate levels in other carcass characteristics such as color and skin properties. Relative to empty body weight, the mass of most non-carcass tissues and organs did not differ between genotypes. However, the low concentrate-level mass of omental-mesenteric fat was greater (P < 0.05) for local vs. crossbred goats (1.06% vs. 0.54% empty body weight, respectively). In conclusion, growth performance and carcass weight advantages from crossing Boer and Arsi-Bale goats were similar with a low-quality basal grass hay diet regardless of level of supplemental concentrate. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Breed; Carcass; Goat; Growth; Supplementation	adipose tissue; animal; animal disease; animal food; article; body weight; clinical trial; comparative study; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; cross breeding; diet supplementation; dietary fiber; Ethiopia; genetics; genotype; goat; growth, development and aging; male; morphometrics; physiology; plant seed; randomized controlled trial; statistical model; Adipose Tissue; Animal Feed; Animals; Body Weight; Body Weights and Measures; Crosses, Genetic; Dietary Fiber; Dietary Supplements; Ethiopia; Genotype; Goats; Linear Models; Male; Seeds; Capra hircus; Triticum aestivum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84916594942	Health behaviour and self-reported academic performance among university students: An international study	Peltzer K., Pengpid S.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	27	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n27p998	ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Madidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhonpathom, Thailand; University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, Sovenga, South Africa; HIV/AIDS/STIs/and TB (HAST), Human Sciences Research Council, Private Bag X41, Pretoria, South Africa	Peltzer, K., ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Madidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhonpathom, Thailand, University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, Sovenga, South Africa, HIV/AIDS/STIs/and TB (HAST), Human Sciences Research Council, Private Bag X41, Pretoria, South Africa; Pengpid, S., ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Madidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhonpathom, Thailand, University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, Sovenga, South Africa	The aim of this study was to investigate health correlates of academic performance among university students from 26 low and middle income and emerging economy countries. Using anonymous questionnaires, data were collected from 20222 university students, 41.5% men and 58.5% women, with a mean age of 20.8 years (SD=2.8), from 26 countries across Africa, Asia and Americas. Overall, 28.4% reported excellent or very good, 65.5% good or satisfactory and 6.2% not satisfactory academic performance. Multivariate linear regression found that that sociodemographic factors (younger age, coming from a wealthier family background, lack of social support and high intrinsic religiosity), health behaviours (trying to eat fibre, avoiding fat and cholesterol, high levels of physical activity, no illicit drug use, not drinking and driving), and better mental health (no severe sleep problem and no moderate or severe depression) were associated self-reported academic performance. Several clustering health behaviours were identified which can be utilized in public health interventions. © 2014, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved.	Academic performance; Correlates; Multi-country; University students	None	None
None	None	Evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of the RTS,S/AS01E malaria candidate vaccine when integrated in the expanded program of immunization	Agnandji S.T., Asante K.P., Lyimo J., Vekemans J., Soulanoudjingar S.S., Owusu R., Shomari M., Leach A., Fernandes J., Dosoo D., Chikawe M., Issifou S., Osei-Kwakye K., Lievens M., Paricek M., Apanga S., Mwangoka G., Okissi B., Kwara E., Minja R., Lange J	2010	Journal of Infectious Diseases	202	7	10.1086/656190	Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Medical Research Unit Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon; Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo District Hospital, Bagamoyo, Tanzania; GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium; Program for Appropriate Technology in Health Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Bethesda, MD, United States; Swiss Tropical Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland	Agnandji, S.T., Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Medical Research Unit Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Asante, K.P., Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Lyimo, J., Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo District Hospital, Bagamoyo, Tanzania; Vekemans, J., GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium; Soulanoudjingar, S.S., Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Medical Research Unit Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Owusu, R., Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana; Shomari, M., Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo District Hospital, Bagamoyo, Tanzania; Leach, A., GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium; Fernandes, J., Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Medical Research Unit Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Dosoo, D., Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana; Chikawe, M., Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo District Hospital, Bagamoyo, Tanzania; Issifou, S., Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Medical Research Unit Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Osei-Kwakye, K., Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana; Lievens, M., GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium; Paricek, M., Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Medical Research Unit Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Apanga, S., Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana; Mwangoka, G., Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo District Hospital, Bagamoyo, Tanzania; Okissi, B., Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Medical Research Unit Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Kwara, E., Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana; Minja, R., Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo District Hospital, Bagamoyo, Tanzania; Lange, J., Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Medical Research Unit Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Boahen, O., Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana; Kayan, K., Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana; Adjei, G., Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana; Chandramohan, D., Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Jongert, E., GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium; Demoitié, M.-A., GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium; Dubois, M.-C., GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium; Carter, T., Program for Appropriate Technology in Health Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Bethesda, MD, United States; Vansadia, P., Program for Appropriate Technology in Health Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Bethesda, MD, United States; Villafana, T., Program for Appropriate Technology in Health Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Bethesda, MD, United States; Sillman, M., Program for Appropriate Technology in Health Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Bethesda, MD, United States; Savarese, B., Program for Appropriate Technology in Health Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Bethesda, MD, United States; Lapierre, D., GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium; Ballou, W.R., GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium; Greenwood, B., Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Tanner, M., Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo District Hospital, Bagamoyo, Tanzania, Swiss Tropical Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Cohen, J., GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium; Kremsner, P.G., Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Medical Research Unit Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Lell, B., Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Medical Research Unit Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Owusu-Agyei, S., Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Abdulla, S., Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo District Hospital, Bagamoyo, Tanzania	Background. The RTS,S/AS01E malaria candidate vaccine is being developed for immunization of African infants through the Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI). Methods. This phase 2, randomized, open, controlled trial conducted in Ghana, Tanzania, and Gabon evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of RTS,S/AS01E when coadministered with EPI vaccines. Five hundred eleven infants were randomized to receive RTS,S/AS01E at 0, 1, and 2 months (in 3 doses with diphtheria, tetanus, and whole-cell pertussis conjugate [DTPw]; hepatitis B [HepB]; Haemophilus influenzae type b [Hib]; and oral polio vaccine [OPV]), RTS,S/AS01E at 0, 1, and 7 months (2 doses with DTPwHepB/Hib+OPV and 1 dose with measles and yellow fever), or EPI vaccines only. Results. The occurrences of serious adverse events were balanced across groups; none were vaccine-related. One child from the control group died. Mild to moderate fever and diaper dermatitis occurred more frequently in the RTS,S/AS01E coadministration groups. RTS,S/AS01E generated high anti-circumsporozoite protein and anti-hepatitis B surface antigen antibody levels. Regarding EPI vaccine responses upon coadministration when considering both immunization schedules, despite a tendency toward lower geometric mean titers to some EPI antigens, predefined noninferiority criteria were met for all EPI antigens except for polio 3 when EPI vaccines were given with RTS,S/AS01E at 0, 1, and 2 months. However, when antibody levels at screening were taken into account, the rates of response to polio 3 antigens were comparable between groups. Conclusion. RTS,S/AS01E integrated in the EPI showed a favorable safety and immunogenicity evaluation. Trial registration. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00436007. GlaxoSmithKline study ID number: 106369 (Malaria-050). © 2010 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.	None	circumsporozoite protein; diphtheria antibody; diphtheria pertussis tetanus vaccine; Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine; hepatitis B surface antibody; hepatitis B vaccine; hepb; immunoglobulin G antibody; immunological adjuvant; malaria vaccine; measles vaccine; oral poliomyelitis vaccine; protein antibody; protozoal protein; rts s as 01 e vaccine; stamaril; tetanus antibody; unclassified drug; yellow fever vaccine; diphtheria pertussis tetanus vaccine; Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccine; Haemophilus vaccine; hepatitis B vaccine; malaria vaccine; oral poliomyelitis vaccine; RTS,S AS01E vaccine; RTS,S-AS01E vaccine; alanine aminotransferase blood level; anemia; anorexia; antibody blood level; antibody response; article; bronchitis; clinical trial; conjunctivitis; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; coughing; diaper dermatitis; diarrhea; diphtheria; drowsiness; drug safety; drug screening; enteritis; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; febrile convulsion; female; fever; Gabon; gastroenteritis; Ghana; Haemophilus infection; hepatitis B; human; immunization; immunogenicity; impetigo; infant; injection site induration; injection site pain; injection site swelling; irritability; major clinical study; malaria falciparum; male; measles; multicenter study; nonhuman; open study; otitis media; pertussis; phase 2 clinical trial; Plasmodium falciparum; pneumonia; priority journal; randomized controlled trial; rhinitis; rhinopharyngitis; rhinorrhea; seizure; sepsis; side effect; skin infection; staphylococcal skin infection; Tanzania; tetanus; upper respiratory tract infection; yellow fever; bacterial membrane; immunology; methodology; Bacterial Capsules; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine; Female; Gabon; Ghana; Haemophilus Vaccines; Hepatitis B Vaccines; Humans; Immunization; Immunization, Secondary; Infant; Malaria Vaccines; Male; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893204534	Identifying perceived barriers to monitoring service quality among substance abuse treatment providers in South Africa	Myers B., Petersen Z., Kader R., Koch J.R., Manderscheid R., Govender R., Parry C.D.H.	2014	BMC Psychiatry	14	1	10.1186/1471-244X-14-31	Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; National Association of County Behavioral Health and Developmental Disability Directors, Washington DC, United States; Department of Sociology, Centre for Social Science Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa	Myers, B., Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Petersen, Z., Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Kader, R., Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Koch, J.R., Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Manderscheid, R., National Association of County Behavioral Health and Developmental Disability Directors, Washington DC, United States; Govender, R., Department of Sociology, Centre for Social Science Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Parry, C.D.H., Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa	Background: A performance measurement system is planned for South African substance abuse treatment services. Provider-level barriers to implementing these systems have been identified in the United States, but little is known about the nature of these barriers in South Africa. This study explored the willingness of South African substance abuse treatment providers' to adopt a performance measurement system and perceived barriers to monitoring service quality that would need to be addressed during system development.Methods: Three focus group discussions were held with treatment providers from two of the nine provinces in South Africa. These providers represented the diverse spread of substance abuse treatment services available in the country. The final sample comprised 21 representatives from 12 treatment facilities: eight treatment centres in the Western Cape and four in KwaZulu-Natal. Content analysis was used to extract core themes from these discussions.Results: Participants identified barriers to the monitoring of service quality that included outdated modes of collecting data, personnel who were already burdened by paperwork, lack of time to collect data, and limited skills to analyse and interpret data. Participants recommended that developers engage with service providers in a participatory manner to ensure that service providers are invested in the proposed performance measurement system.Conclusion: Findings show that substance abuse treatment providers are willing to adopt a performance measurement system and highlight several barriers that need to be addressed during system development in order to enhance the likelihood that this system will be successfully implemented. © 2014 Myers et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Performance measurement; Service monitoring; Service quality; South Africa; Substance abuse treatment	adult; article; female; health care facility; health care personnel; health care quality; health service; human; information processing; job stress; male; middle aged; patient monitoring; performance measurement system; physician; psychologist; social participation; social worker; South Africa; substance abuse; health care personnel; perception; psychology; Substance-Related Disorders; task performance; Adult; Female; Focus Groups; Health Personnel; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Perception; South Africa; Substance-Related Disorders; Task Performance and Analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-21444456142	Cross-national performance of the RAPS4/RAPS4-QF for tolerance and heavy drinking: Data from 13 countries	Cherpitel C.J., Ye Y., Bond J., Borges G., Cremonte M., Marais S., Poznyak V., Sovinova H., Moskalewicz J., Swiatkiewicz G.	2005	Journal of Studies on Alcohol	66	3	None	Alcohol Research Group, 2000 Hearst Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94709, United States; National Institute of Psychiatry, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico; National University, Mar del Plata, Argentina; Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland	Cherpitel, C.J., Alcohol Research Group, 2000 Hearst Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94709, United States; Ye, Y., Alcohol Research Group, 2000 Hearst Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94709, United States; Bond, J., Alcohol Research Group, 2000 Hearst Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94709, United States; Borges, G., Alcohol Research Group, 2000 Hearst Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94709, United States, National Institute of Psychiatry, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico; Cremonte, M., Alcohol Research Group, 2000 Hearst Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94709, United States, National University, Mar del Plata, Argentina; Marais, S., Alcohol Research Group, 2000 Hearst Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94709, United States, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Poznyak, V., Alcohol Research Group, 2000 Hearst Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94709, United States, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Sovinova, H., Alcohol Research Group, 2000 Hearst Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94709, United States, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic; Moskalewicz, J., Alcohol Research Group, 2000 Hearst Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94709, United States, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Swiatkiewicz, G., Alcohol Research Group, 2000 Hearst Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94709, United States, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland	Objective: There are little data available on the performance of brief screening instruments for alcohol-use disorders cross-nationally; therefore, we analyzed the performance of one such instrument in a number of countries. Method: Performance of the RAPS4 for tolerance and the RAPS4-QF for heavy drinking are analyzed from emergency room data across 13 countries included in the combined Emergency Room Collaborative Alcohol Analysis Project (ERCAAP) and the World Health Organization Collaborative Study on Alcohol and Injuries, Results: The RAPS4 showed good sensitivity and specificity for tolerance across most of the countries, but was higher in countries that were higher on societal-level detrimental drinking patterns. Prevalence of tolerance was also higher in those countries with high detrimental drinking pattern scores. Sensitivity of the RAPS4-QF for heavy drinking was uniformly high across countries, while maintaining good specificity, and did not vary by detrimental drinking patterns. Conclusions: Findings suggest the RAPS4 and RAPS4-QF may hold promise cross-nationally. Future research should more fully address the performance of brief screening instruments for alcohol-use disorders (using standard diagnostic criteria) cross-nationally, with consideration of the impact of societal drinking patterns.	None	alcohol; adult; alcohol consumption; alcoholism; article; diagnostic accuracy; drinking behavior; emergency ward; human; screening test; Alcoholism; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; International Cooperation; Mass Screening; Questionnaires; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
WoS	WOS:000320019700006	Exploring impacts of multi-year, community-based care programs for orphans and vulnerable children: A case study from Kenya	Brooks, Mohamad,Bryant, Malcolm,Larson, Bruce A.,Masila, Juliana,Rohr, Julia,Wambua, Nancy,Wangai, Susan	2013	AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV	25	None	10.1080/09540121.2012.729807	Boston University, Benevolent Inst Dev Initiat, Christian Aid	"Brooks, Mohamad: Boston University","Bryant, Malcolm: Boston University","Rohr, Julia: Boston University",	The Community-Based Care for Orphans and Vulnerable Children (CBCO) program operated in Kenya during 2006-2010. In Eastern Province, the program provided support to approximately 3000 orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) living in 1500 households. A primary focus of the program was to support savings and loan associations composed of OVC caregivers (typically elderly women) to improve household and OVC welfare. Cross-sectional data were collected in 2011 from 1500 randomly selected households from 3 populations: program participants (CBCO group, n=500), households in the same villages as program participants but not in the program (the local-community-group = Group L, n=300), and households living in nearby villages where the program did not operate (the adjacent-community-group, Group A, n=700). Primary welfare outcomes evaluated are household food security, as measured by the Household Food Insecurity Access instrument, and OVC educational attainment. We compared outcomes between the CBCO and the subset of Group L not meeting program eligibility criteria (L-N) to investigate disparities within local communities. We compared outcomes between the CBCO group and the subset of Group A meeting eligibility criteria (A-E) to consider program impact. We compared outcomes between households not eligible for the program in the local and adjacent community groups (L-N and A-N) to consider if the adjacent communities are similar to the local communities. In May-June 2011, at the end of the OVC program, the majority of CBCO households continued to be severely food insecure, with rates similar to other households living in nearby communities. Participation rates in primary school are high, reflecting free primary education. Among the 18-22 year olds who were children during the program years, relatively few children completed secondary school across all study groups. Although the CBCO program likely provided useful services and benefits to program participants, disparities continued to exist in food security and educational outcomes between program participants and their non-OVC peers in the local community. Outcomes for CBCO households were similar to those observed for OVC households in adjacent communities.	"educational attainment","FOOD SECURITY","orphans and vulnerable children","village savings and loan associations"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920437223	Towards collective circum-antarctic passive acoustic monitoring: The southern ocean hydrophone network (SOHN)	Van Opzeeland I., Samaran F., Stafford K.M., Findlay K., Gedamke J., Harris D., Miller B.S.	2014	Polarforschung	83	2	None	Alfred-Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany; PELAGIS Observatory CNRS-UMS 3462, University of la Rochelle, France; Applied Physics Lab University of Washington SeattleWA, United States; Mammal Research Institute Whale Unit, University of Pretoria, South Africa; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Ocean Acoustics Program, Office of Science and Technology, United States; Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews, United Kingdom; Australian Marine Mammal Centre, Australian Antarctic Division, Hobart, Australia	Van Opzeeland, I., Alfred-Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany; Samaran, F., PELAGIS Observatory CNRS-UMS 3462, University of la Rochelle, France; Stafford, K.M., Applied Physics Lab University of Washington SeattleWA, United States; Findlay, K., Mammal Research Institute Whale Unit, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Gedamke, J., National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Ocean Acoustics Program, Office of Science and Technology, United States; Harris, D., Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews, United Kingdom; Miller, B.S., Australian Marine Mammal Centre, Australian Antarctic Division, Hobart, Australia	The Southern Ocean Research Partnership (SORP) is an international research program initiated within the International Whaling Commission (IWC) in 2009 to promote collaborative cetacean research, develop nov el research techniques, and conduct non-lethal research on whales in the Southern Ocean (CHILDERHOUSE 2009). One of the original research projects of the SORP is the Blue and Fin Whale Acoustic Trends Project, which aims to implement a long term passive acoustic research program to examine trends in Antarctic blue (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia) and fin whale (B. physalus) abundance, distribution, and seasonal presence in the Southern Ocean through the use of a network of passive acoustic recorders: the Southern Ocean Hydrophone Network (SOHN). Networks of widely spaced passive acoustic recorders can provide insights in spatio-temporal patterns of the presence and properties of whale calls as well as the potential to monitor trends in Antarctic blue and fin whale abundance. The SOHN will consist of a network of autonomous underwater acoustic re cording stations surrounding the Antarctic continent with each site remaining active throughout the 10-year duration of the project. In addition to circum polar coverage, high priority will be given towards achieving simultaneous temporal coverage, especially in the early years of the project. While logis tical constraints may prevent uniform distribution of SOHN recording sites around the continent, the Acoustic Trends Working group (ATW) aims to have at least one recording site in each of the six IWC management areas (i.e., one per 60° longitudinal wedge). International collaboration and coordination are imperative to achieve the project goals due to the high cost of Antarctic research as well as the broad spatial and temporal scales over which the SOHN will span. Furthermore, standardization of data is paramount for accurate and efficient analysis and interpretation of SOHN data. To facilitate international participation in the SOHN, this document provides practical recommendations to guide and support passive acoustic data of project as well as technical and logistic information and recommendations regarding standardization of recording locations is provided here for a diverse collection in Antarctic waters. This whitepaper addresses a wide audience, ranging from scientists from different disciplines with access to instrumenttation and/or infrastructure to collect passive acoustic data in the Southern Ocean, to ship operators or other parties that can provide logistic support to make the SOHN a reality. Background information and an outline of the sci entific aims of project as well as technical and logistic information and re commendations regarding standardization of recording locations is provided here for a diverse audience coming from different backgrounds with widely differing levels of experience with the applications and use of passive acoustic instrumentation. By providing the information relevant for SOHN from the ground up, we aim that this document contributes to increase aware ness and participation by a broad range of partner nations and organizations in the SOHN and Acoustic Trends Projects.	None	abundance; autonomous underwater vehicle; bioacoustics; biomonitoring; cetacean; hydrophone; population distribution; spatiotemporal analysis; standardization; Southern Ocean; Balaenoptera musculus intermedia; Balaenoptera physalus; Cetacea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650167700	Evaluation of PCR assays for the detection of Campylobacter fetus in bovine preputial scrapings and the identification of subspecies in South African field isolates	Schmidt T., Venter E.H., Picard J.A.	2010	Journal of the South African Veterinary Association	81	2	None	Allerton Provincial Veterinary Laboratory, Private Bag X2, Cascades, 3202, South Africa; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa	Schmidt, T., Allerton Provincial Veterinary Laboratory, Private Bag X2, Cascades, 3202, South Africa; Venter, E.H., Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Picard, J.A., Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa	As a result of the high lability and slow growth of Campylobacter fetus subspecies, the laboratory diagnosis of bovine genital campylobacteriosis has always been difficult. This is especially true under South African conditions, where farms are far apart, laboratories are only present in major centres and there are high ambient temperatures. In order to overcome the short-comings associated with traditional diagnostic methods, the implementation of a molecular assay was sought. This work describes how a previously published PCR assay (MG3F/MG4R primers) was adapted, optimised and applied in the diagnostic laboratory to test preputial samples directly for the presence of Campylobacter fetus. Field evaluation of the assay revealed an analytical sensitivity and specificity of 85.7 % and 99 %, respectively. Subsequent genotyping and phenotyping of a diverse collection of South African field isolates revealed that South Africa has an unexpected and previously unreported high incidence of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis biovar intermedius strains. These strains were not identified correctly by the subspecies-specific primer set evaluated. Until such time that cost- effective genotyping methods are available to diagnostic laboratories in South Africa, and other countries with these atypical Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis strains, the need for bacterial culture will persist. Identification to subspecies level of isolates at present remains dependent upon a single phenotypic criterion, namely tolerance to 1 % glycine.	Bovine genital campylobacteriosis; Campylobacter fetus fetus; Campylobacter fetus venerealis biovar intermedius; Culture; Polymerase chain reaction	article; bacterial strain; bacterium culture; Campylobacter fetus; controlled study; cost effectiveness analysis; cow; genotype; laboratory diagnosis; nonhuman; phenotype; polymerase chain reaction; prepuce; sensitivity and specificity; South Africa; Animals; Campylobacter fetus; Campylobacter Infections; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Male; Polymerase Chain Reaction; South Africa; Bacteria (microorganisms); Bovinae; Campylobacter fetus; Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus; Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893516821	Late presentation to HIV/AIDS testing, treatment or continued care: Clarifying the use of CD4 evaluation in the consensus definition	Maccarthy S., Bangsberg D., Fink G., Reich M., Gruskin S.	2014	HIV Medicine	15	3	10.1111/hiv.12088	Alpert Medical School of Brown University and The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, United States; Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Global Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Mbarara District, Uganda; Department of Global Health and Population, Boston, MA, United States; Institute of Global Health, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States	Maccarthy, S., Alpert Medical School of Brown University and The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, United States; Bangsberg, D., Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Global Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Mbarara District, Uganda; Fink, G., Department of Global Health and Population, Boston, MA, United States; Reich, M., Department of Global Health and Population, Boston, MA, United States; Gruskin, S., Department of Global Health and Population, Boston, MA, United States, Institute of Global Health, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States	Objectives: Late presentation to HIV/AIDS services compromises treatment outcomes and misses opportunities for biomedical and behavioural prevention. There has been significant heterogeneity in how the term 'late presentation' (LP) has been used in the literature. In 2011, a consensus definition was reached using CD4 counts to define and measure late presenters and, while it is useful for clinical care, the consensus definition has several important limitations that we discuss in this article. Methods: Using the spectrum of engagement in HIV care presented by Gardner and colleagues, this article highlights issues and opportunities associated with use of the consensus definition. Results: The consensus definition is limited by three principal factors: (1) the CD4 count threshold of 350cells/μL is being increasingly questioned as the biomedical justification grows for earlier initiation of treatment; (2) CD4 evaluations are conducted at multiple services providing HIV care; thus it remains unclear to which service the patient is presenting late; and (3) the limited availability of CD4 evaluation restricts its use in determining the prevalence of LP in many settings. Conclusions: The consensus definition is useful because it describes the level of disease progression and allows for consistent evaluation of the prevalence and determinants of LP. Suggestions are provided for improving the application of the consensus definition in future research. © 2013 British HIV Association.	CD4 evaluations; HIV/AIDS; Late presentation; Testing; Treatment	antiretrovirus agent; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; disease course; evaluation study; health care; health care utilization; HIV test; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; late presentation; prevalence; priority journal; treatment outcome; virus replication; virus transmission; CD4 evaluations; HIV/AIDS; late presentation; testing; treatment; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Delayed Diagnosis; Disease Progression; HIV Infections; Humans; Time Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-20144361977	Valuing the impacts of climate change on protected areas in Africa	Velarde S.J., Malhi Y., Moran D., Wright J., Hussain S.	2005	Ecological Economics	53	1	10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.07.024	Alternatives to Slash-and-Burn Programme, World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi, Kenya; School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Land Economy, Scottish Agricultural College, Kings Buildings, West Main Rd., Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom; Department of Geography, University of Southampton, United Kingdom	Velarde, S.J., Alternatives to Slash-and-Burn Programme, World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi, Kenya; Malhi, Y., School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, United Kingdom, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Moran, D., Land Economy, Scottish Agricultural College, Kings Buildings, West Main Rd., Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom; Wright, J., Department of Geography, University of Southampton, United Kingdom; Hussain, S., Land Economy, Scottish Agricultural College, Kings Buildings, West Main Rd., Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom	This study quantifies the economic costs of climate change impacts on protected areas in Africa. Downscaled results from four Global Circulation Models (GCMs) are used to classify different ecosystems in accordance with the Holdridge Life Zone (HLZ) system. A benefits transfer approach is then used to place an economic value on the predicted ecosystem shifts resulting from climate change in protected areas. The results provide approximations for the impacts on biodiversity in Africa under the "business-as-usual" scenario established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for the middle and end of the 21st century. The geographical analysis shows that there are twenty HLZs in Africa and all of them are represented in the protected area network. Three of these HLZs do not change in extent as a result of climate change. Assuming initially that the willingness to pay (WTP) values and the preferences for different ecosystem services remain constant, three of the GCM models show an (undiscounted) negative economic impact of climate change for protected areas in Africa for the year 2100. The worst-case damage scenario totals USD 74.5 million by 2100. However, the model for the year 2065 shows a higher undiscounted value than the present. The finding of positive net impacts from warming is consistent with the predictions of other macro models that show potential gains from warming scenarios. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	African protected areas; Benefits transfer; Climate change; Ecosystem shifts; Holdridge life zones	climate change; economic impact; environmental impact; protected area; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; World	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885576797	Evaluation of indigenous fungal pathogens from horse purslane (trianthema portulacastrum) for their relative virulence and host range assessments to select a potential mycoherbicidal agent	Ray P., Vijayachandran L.S.	2013	Weed Science	61	4	10.1614/WS-D-12-00076.1	Amrita Center for Nanomedicine and Molecular Medicine, AIMS, Ponekkara, Kochi, 41, Kerala, India; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	Ray, P., Amrita Center for Nanomedicine and Molecular Medicine, AIMS, Ponekkara, Kochi, 41, Kerala, India, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Vijayachandran, L.S., Amrita Center for Nanomedicine and Molecular Medicine, AIMS, Ponekkara, Kochi, 41, Kerala, India, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	Periodic surveys were conducted to seek potential indigenous fungal agents for development as mycoherbicides against horse purslane, a major weed of agricultural fields in India. Pathogenic fungal species were isolated and identified from naturally infected horse purslane. The biocontrol potential of these pathogens for horse purslane was evaluated by studying their host range and virulence under growth chamber and greenhouse conditions. Three candidates, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum, and Phoma herbarum, were identified as potential candidates for biological control of horse purslane. Preliminary host-range tests and pathogenicity studies, conducted using 45 crop and weed plants belonging to 18 families, demonstrated that P. herbarum provided effective weed control and was safe to most of the plant species tested. Further mycoherbicidal application of P. herbarum as plant spray under field condition caused mortality of horse purslane 60 d after application of the inoculums. Phoma herbarum is a good mycoherbicide candidate against horse purslane. Nomenclature: Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl., Phoma herbarum Westendorp, horse purslane, Trianthema portulacastrum L. TRTPO.	indigenous fungal pathogen	biological control; dicotyledon; field; fungal disease; fungus; greenhouse ecosystem; host range; infectivity; inoculation; mortality; pathogen; pathogenicity; potential biocontrol agent; virulence; weed control; India	None
None	None	Evaluation of the long-lasting insecticidal net Interceptor LN: Laboratory and experimental hut studies against anopheline and culicine mosquitoes in northeastern Tanzania	Malima R., Tungu P.K., Mwingira V., Maxwell C., Magesa S.M., Kaur H., Kirby M.J., Rowland M.	2013	Parasites and Vectors	6	1	10.1186/1756-3305-6-296	Amani Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 81, Muheza, Tanzania; Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, WC1E 7HT London, United Kingdom	Malima, R., Amani Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 81, Muheza, Tanzania; Tungu, P.K., Amani Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 81, Muheza, Tanzania; Mwingira, V., Amani Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 81, Muheza, Tanzania; Maxwell, C., Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, WC1E 7HT London, United Kingdom; Magesa, S.M., Amani Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 81, Muheza, Tanzania; Kaur, H., Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, WC1E 7HT London, United Kingdom; Kirby, M.J., Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, WC1E 7HT London, United Kingdom; Rowland, M., Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, WC1E 7HT London, United Kingdom	Background: Long lasting insecticidal nets (LN) are a primary method of malaria prevention. Before new types of LN are approved they need to meet quality and efficacy standards set by the WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme. The process of evaluation has three phases. In Phase I the candidate LN must meet threshold bioassay criteria after 20 standardized washes. In Phase II washed and unwashed LNs are evaluated in experimental huts against wild, free flying anopheline mosquitoes. In Phase III the LN are distributed to households in malaria endemic areas, sampled over three years of use and tested for continuing insecticidal efficacy. Interceptor® LN (BASF Corporation, Germany) is made of polyester netting coated with a wash resistant formulation of alpha-cypermethrin. Methods. Interceptor LN was subjected to bioassay evaluation and then to experimental hut trial against pyrethroid-susceptible Anopheles gambiae and An. funestus and resistant Culex quinquefasciatus. Mosquito mortality, blood feeding inhibition and personal protection were compared between untreated nets, conventional alpha-cypermethrin treated nets (CTN) washed 20 times and LNs washed 0, 20 and 30 times. Results: In Phase I Interceptor LN demonstrated superior wash resistance and efficacy to the CTN. In the Phase II hut trial the LN killed 92% of female An. gambiae when unwashed and 76% when washed 20 times; the CTN washed 20 times killed 44%. The LN out-performed the CTN in personal protection and blood-feeding inhibition. The trend for An. funestus was similar to An. gambiae for all outcomes. Few pyrethroid-resistant Cx. quinquefasciatus were killed and yet the level of personal protection (75-90%) against Culex was similar to that of susceptible An. gambiae (76-80%) even after 20 washes. This protection is relevant because Cx. quinquefasciatus is a vector of lymphatic filariasis in East Africa. After 20 washes and 60 nights' use the LN retained 27% of its initial insecticide dose. Conclusions: Interceptor LN meets the approval criteria set by WHO and is recommended for use in disease control against East African vectors of malaria and filariasis. Some constraints associated with the phase II evaluation criteria, in particular the washing procedure, are critically reviewed. © 2013 Malima et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Anopheles funestus; Anopheles gambiae; Culex quinquefasciatus; Experimental hut; Interceptor LN; LN; Long-lasting insecticidal net	cipermethrin; Anopheles funestus; Anopheles gambiae; article; bed net; bioassay; chemical industry; clinical evaluation; controlled study; Culex quinquefasciatus; human; insecticide resistance; lymphatic filariasis; malaria; malaria control; Tanzania; Anopheles funestus; Anopheles gambiae; Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus; Animals; Anopheles; Biological Assay; Culex; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Insecticide-Treated Bednets; Insecticides; Malaria; Mosquito Control; Survival Analysis; Tanzania	None
None	None	Evaluation of permanet 3.0 a deltamethrin-PBO combination net against Anopheles gambiae and pyrethroid resistant Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes: An experimental hut trial in Tanzania	Tungu P., Magesa S., Maxwell C., Malima R., Masue D., Sudi W., Myamba J., Pigeon O., Rowland M.	2010	Malaria Journal	9	1	10.1186/1475-2875-9-21	Amani Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, PO Box 81, Muheza, Tanzania; Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium, Tanzania; Pesticides Research Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, 11 Rue du Bordia, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium; Department of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom	Tungu, P., Amani Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, PO Box 81, Muheza, Tanzania, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium, Tanzania; Magesa, S., Amani Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, PO Box 81, Muheza, Tanzania, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium, Tanzania; Maxwell, C., Amani Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, PO Box 81, Muheza, Tanzania, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium, Tanzania, Department of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Malima, R., Amani Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, PO Box 81, Muheza, Tanzania, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium, Tanzania; Masue, D., Amani Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, PO Box 81, Muheza, Tanzania, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium, Tanzania; Sudi, W., Amani Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, PO Box 81, Muheza, Tanzania, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium, Tanzania; Myamba, J., Amani Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, PO Box 81, Muheza, Tanzania, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium, Tanzania; Pigeon, O., Pesticides Research Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, 11 Rue du Bordia, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium; Rowland, M., Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium, Tanzania, Department of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom	Background. Combination mosquito nets incorporating two unrelated insecticides or insecticide plus synergist are designed to control insecticide resistant mosquitoes. PermaNet 3.0 is a long-lasting combination net incorporating deltamethrin on the side panels and a mixture of deltamethrin and synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) on the top panel. PBO is an inhibitor of mixed function oxidases implicated in pyrethroid resistance. Method. An experimental hut trial comparing PermaNet 3.0, PermaNet 2.0 and a conventional deltamethrin-treated net was conducted in NE Tanzania using standard WHOPES procedures. The PermaNet arms included unwashed nets and nets washed 20 times. PermaNet 2.0 is a long-lasting insecticidal net incorporating deltamethrin as a single active. Results. Against pyrethroid susceptible Anopheles gambiae the unwashed PermaNet 3.0 showed no difference to unwashed PermaNet 2.0 in terms of mortality (95% killed), but showed differences in blood-feeding rate (3% blood-fed with PermaNet 3.0 versus 10% with PermaNet 2.0). After 20 washes the two products showed no difference in feeding rate (10% with 3.0 and 9% with 2.0) but showed small differences in mortality (95% with 3.0 and 87% with 2.0). Against pyrethroid resistant Culex quinquefasciatus, mediated by elevated oxidase and kdr mechanisms, the unwashed PermaNet 3.0 killed 48% and PermaNet 2.0 killed 32% but after 20 washes there was no significant difference in mortality between the two products (32% killed by 3.0 and 30% by 2.0). For protecting against Culex PermaNet 3.0 showed no difference to PermaNet 2.0 when either unwashed or after 20 washes; both products were highly protective against biting. Laboratory tunnel bioassays confirmed the loss of biological activity of the PBO/deltamethrin-treated panel after washing. Conclusion. Both PermaNet products were highly effective against susceptible Anopheles gambiae. As a long-lasting net to control or protect against pyrethroid resistant mosquitoes PermaNet 3.0 showed limited improvement over PermaNet 2.0 against Culex quinquefasciatus. © 2010 Tungu et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	deltamethrin; oxidoreductase; piperonyl butoxide; vasculotropin receptor 2; deltamethrin; insecticide; nitrile; piperonyl butoxide; pyrethroid; Anopheles gambiae; article; bed net; Culex quinquefasciatus; feeding behavior; insect bite; mortality; nonhuman; Tanzania; world health organization; animal; Culex; drug effect; drug resistance; human; methodology; mosquito; survival; Animals; Anopheles gambiae; Culex; Drug Resistance; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Insecticide-Treated Bednets; Insecticides; Mosquito Control; Nitriles; Piperonyl Butoxide; Pyrethrins; Survival Analysis; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58049090543	Ecological thresholds in the Savanna landscape: Developing a protocol for monitoring the change in composition and utilisation of large trees	Druce D.J., Shannon G., Page B.R., Grant R., Slotow R.	2008	PLoS ONE	3	12	10.1371/journal.pone.0003979	Amarula Elephant Research Programme, Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Scientific Services, Kruger National Park, Skukuza, South Africa	Druce, D.J., Amarula Elephant Research Programme, Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Shannon, G., Amarula Elephant Research Programme, Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Page, B.R., Amarula Elephant Research Programme, Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Grant, R., Scientific Services, Kruger National Park, Skukuza, South Africa; Slotow, R., Amarula Elephant Research Programme, Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa	Background: Acquiring greater understanding of the factors causing changes in vegetation structure - particularly with the potential to cause regime shifts - is important in adaptively managed conservation areas. Large trees (≥5 m in height) play an important ecosystem function, and are associated with a stable ecological state in the African savanna. There is concern that large tree densities are declining in a number of protected areas, including the Kruger National Park, South Africa. In this paper the results of a field study designed to monitor change in a savanna system are presented and discussed. Methodology/Principal Findings: Developing the first phase of a monitoring protocol to measure the change in tree species composition, density and size distribution, whilst also identifying factors driving change. A central issue is the discrete spatial distribution of large trees in the landscape, making point sampling approaches relatively ineffective. Accordingly, fourteen 10 m wide transects were aligned perpendicular to large rivers (3.0-6.6 km in length) and eight transects were located at fixed-point photographic locations (1.0-1.6 km in length). Using accumulation curves, we established that the majority of tree species were sampled within 3 km. Furthermore, the key ecological drivers (e.g. fire, herbivory, drought and disease) which influence large tree use and impact were also recorded within 3 km. Conclusions/Significance: The technique presented provides an effective method for monitoring changes in large tree abundance, size distribution and use by the main ecological drivers across the savanna landscape. However, the monitoring of rare tree species would require individual marking approaches due to their low densities and specific habitat requirements. Repeat sampling intervals would vary depending on the factor of concern and proposed management mitigation. Once a monitoring protocol has been identified and evaluated, the next stage is to integrate that protocol into a decision-making system, which highlights potential leading indicators of change. Frequent monitoring would be required to establish the rate and direction of change. This approach may be useful in generating monitoring protocols for other dynamic systems. © 2008 Druce et al.	None	article; conservation biology; controlled study; ecosystem restoration; environmental planning; environmental protection; landscape ecology; nonhuman; plant density; plant ecology; population size; savanna; species distribution; tree; animal; biodiversity; chemistry; ecosystem; elephant; environmental monitoring; environmental protection; evaluation; geography; health care quality; methodology; physiology; population density; South Africa; tree; Animals; Biodiversity; Conservation of Natural Resources; Ecosystem; Elephants; Environmental Monitoring; Geography; Population Density; Program Evaluation; South Africa; Trees	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-81555205837	Relative Impacts of Elephant and Fire on Large Trees in a Savanna Ecosystem	Shannon G., Thaker M., Vanak A.T., Page B.R., Grant R., Slotow R.	2011	Ecosystems	14	8	10.1007/s10021-011-9485-z	Amarula Elephant Research Programme, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Pvt. Bag 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Scientific Services, Kruger National Park, Box 106, Skukuza 1350, South Africa	Shannon, G., Amarula Elephant Research Programme, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Pvt. Bag 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Thaker, M., Amarula Elephant Research Programme, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Pvt. Bag 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Vanak, A.T., Amarula Elephant Research Programme, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Pvt. Bag 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Page, B.R., Amarula Elephant Research Programme, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Pvt. Bag 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Grant, R., Scientific Services, Kruger National Park, Box 106, Skukuza 1350, South Africa; Slotow, R., Amarula Elephant Research Programme, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Pvt. Bag 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	Elephant and fire are considered to be among the most important agents that can modify the African savanna ecosystem. Although the synergistic relationship between these two key ecological drivers is well documented, it has proved much more difficult to establish the relative effects they have on savanna vegetation structure at a fine-scale over time. In this study, we explore the comparative impacts of fire and elephant on 2,522 individually identified large trees (≥5 m in height) in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Data were collected from 21 transects first surveyed in April 2006 and resurveyed in November 2008, to determine the relative importance of past damage by these agents on subsequent impacts and mortality. The occurrence of fire or elephant damage in 2006 affected the amount of tree volume subsequently removed by both these agents; elephant removed more tree volume from previously burned trees and the impact of subsequent fire was higher on previously burned or elephant-utilized trees than on undamaged trees. Mortality was also affected by an interaction between previous and recent damage, as the probability of mortality was highest for trees that suffered from fire or elephant utilization after being pushed over. Subsequent fire damage, but not elephant utilization, on debarked trees also increased the probability of mortality. Mortality was twice (4. 6% per annum) that of trees progressing into the ≥5 m height class, suggesting an overall decline in large tree density during the 30-month study period. The responses of large trees were species and landscape-specific in terms of sensitivity to elephant and fire impacts, as well as for levels of mortality and progression into the ≥5 m height class. These results emphasize the need for fine-scale site-specific knowledge for effective landscape level understanding of savanna dynamics. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	ecological drivers; elephant; fire; herbivory; savanna management; tree survival; vegetation dynamics; woody species	biological invasion; elephant; forest fire; habitat management; herbivory; mortality; population decline; probability; savanna; sensitivity analysis; spatiotemporal analysis; survival; synergism; transect; volume; woody plant; Kruger National Park; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84912042628	The Dube TradePort-King Shaka International Airport mega-project: Exploring impacts in the context of multi-scalar governance processes	Robbins G.	2015	Habitat International	45	P3	10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.05.006	Amsterdam Institutes for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands; School of Built Environment and Development Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Robbins, G., Amsterdam Institutes for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands, School of Built Environment and Development Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Mega-projects aimed at enhancing urban economic infrastructure have been widely recognised as a feature of cities in which influential actors are eager to encourage economic growth. They have also been described as being central in influencing physical patterns of city growth through their direct and indirect impacts on land-uses. Whilst such initiatives are not necessarily new, it has been noted in more recent urban development experiences that these projects tend to involve crafting highly complex, mixed-use environments through a variety of forms of public-private collaboration. Furthermore, they are promoted not only in instrumental terms as facilities or infrastructure to serve a need of a particular economic process, but are also often packaged and motivated as comprehensive urban developments that can reposition the image of cities in a highly competitive global investment environment. Such processes are both influenced by and, in turn, influence multi-scalar governance processes and practices, both in the planning and motivating projects, as well as in their operations. The new King Shaka International Airport (KSIA) and Dube TradePort (DTP), located some 35km north from the City of Durban in South Africa, were projects developed with the intention of replacing an apparently obsolete facility so as to enable the region to attract more international aviation links that could, in turn, support tourism and exports. Based on analysis of documents and a range of stakeholder interviews, the paper shows how the development of the facilities and the associated impacts, from the shaping of space to meeting of operational targets, have been influenced by and also influenced the character of governance arrangements. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Cities; Mega-project impacts; Mega-projects; Multi-scalar governance; Private sector; Public sector	airport; governance approach; private sector; public sector; urban development; urban economy; urban planning; Durban; KwaZulu-Natal; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903217902	Effects of different organic materials and npk fertilizer on the performance of maize [Utjecaj različitih organskih tvari i npk gnojiva na performance kukuruza]	Remison S.U., Eifediyi E.K.	2014	Poljoprivreda	20	1	None	Ambrose Alli University, Department of Crop Science, Ekpoma, Nigeria; University of Ilorin, Department of Agriculture, Ilorin, Nigeria	Remison, S.U., Ambrose Alli University, Department of Crop Science, Ekpoma, Nigeria; Eifediyi, E.K., University of Ilorin, Department of Agriculture, Ilorin, Nigeria	The interest in organic materials as soil fertility restorer is increasing due to the high cost and unavailability at the right time of inorganic fertilizer and the problem associated with residue disposal by burning which can further aggravate global warming. The effects of different organic materials and NPK fertilizer on the performance of maize were examined in field experiments carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma in a forest savanna transition zone of Edo State, Nigeria. The investigations were carried out during the 2008 and 2009 cropping seasons and involved the use of organic materials (wood shavings, rice hulls, kola husks and their combinations) and NPK fertilizer. The layout of the experiment was a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The results indicated that most of the organic materials, especially kola husk and mixtures with kola husk and NPK increased yield and its components. The treatments significantly increased the concentrations of N, P, K and Na in ear leaves and grains.	Maize yield; Rice hull and kola husk; Wood shavings	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960446073	Impact of water harvesting ponds on household incomes and rural livelihoods in Minjar Shenkora district of Ethiopia	Teshome A., Adgo E., Mati B.	2010	Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology	10	42404	10.2478/v10104-011-0016-5	Amhara Agricultural Reseach Institute, P.O. Box 527, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 1289, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Management of Agricultural Water in Eastern and Southern Africa (IMAWESA), P.O. Box 39063-00623, Nairobi, Kenya	Teshome, A., Amhara Agricultural Reseach Institute, P.O. Box 527, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Adgo, E., Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 1289, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Mati, B., Management of Agricultural Water in Eastern and Southern Africa (IMAWESA), P.O. Box 39063-00623, Nairobi, Kenya	This paper presents the fndings of the socio-economic impact of household-level water harvesting technology. Before water harvesting was introduced, onions were not grown in the area due to lack of seedlings. Thus onion seedlings were grown on 100 m 2 plots using water from the ponds in the dry season, then sold or planted under rainfed conditions during the rainy season. The results obtained show that the average net income from onion seedlings was 155 US$ per 100 m 2 plot, while those from bulb onions grown rainfed in the feld was 1848 US$ per ha, making the contribution to farmer incomes by onions alone about 2003 US$ per year which is higher than from rainfed teff and wheat combined.	Net incomes; Onions seedlings; Rainfed agriculture; Socio-economic assesment; Water harvesting	crop production; household income; irrigation; pond; rainfed agriculture; rural economy; rural society; socioeconomic impact; water resource; water technology; Ethiopia; Minjar Shenkora; Allium cepa; Eragrostis tef; Triticum aestivum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880098112	Evaluation of specific gravity of potato varieties in Ethiopia as a criterion for determining processing quality	Abebe T., Wongchaochant S., Taychasinpitak T.	2013	Kasetsart Journal - Natural Science	47	1	None	Amhara Agricultural Research Institute, Adet Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 08, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Department of Horticulture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand	Abebe, T., Amhara Agricultural Research Institute, Adet Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 08, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Wongchaochant, S., Department of Horticulture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Taychasinpitak, T., Department of Horticulture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand	Specific gravity (SG) is the measure of choice for estimating dry matter (DMC) and starch content (SC) and ultimately for determining the processing quality of potato varieties. Evaluation of the SG of 25 potato varieties was carried out at three distinct locations in the Amhara region of Ethiopia with the main objectives of determining their culinary quality and most suitable areas of production. The varieties were planted in a 5 × 5 balanced lattice design of six replications during the 2011 rainy season. The results of the data analysis showed highly significant (P < 0.01) genotypic and location differences and significant (P < 0.05) genotype × environment interactions. The pooled SG values ranged from 1.058 to 1.102. The SG of tubers of the improved variety Belete was the highest while that of Menagesha was the lowest. Furthermore, the SG values for varieties grown at Debretabor were higher than those for the corresponding varieties grown at Adet and Merawi. The DMC and SC were computed based on the SG and showed significant (P < 0.01) genotypic variability. The highest DMC and SC were also obtained at Debretabor; thus, it is an ideal location to grow potatoes for high DMC and starch accumulation. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis identified CIP-392640.524, Zengena, Jalenie and Belete as stable genotypes with SG values above average.	Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis; Potato varieties; Processing quality; Specific-gravity; Variability	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77749264428	Evaluation of the FAO CROPWAT model for deficit-irrigation scheduling for onion crop in a semiarid region of Ethiopia	Diro S.B., Tilahun K.	2009	Journal of Applied Horticulture	11	2	None	Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute, Sekota, Ethiopia; School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia	Diro, S.B., Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute, Sekota, Ethiopia; Tilahun, K., Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute, Sekota, Ethiopia, School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia	Deficit irrigation conserves water and minimizes adverse effects of excess irrigation. In this study, the applicability of the CROPWAT model in management of deficit irrigation was evaluated at Sekota Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia. Water was applied using low head drippers. There were eight treatments with three replications: stress at 1st, 2nd, 3 rd, and 4th growth stages and partial stresses of 50% ETc, 75% ETc with two controls of 25% ETc and 100% ETc of the water requirement throughout the growing season. The input data for CROPWAT program were climatic, rainfall, crop and soil data. Yield reductions simulated by CROPWAT program were comparable with yield reduction measured under field condition. Model efficiency and correlation coefficients of 98% were obtained. Based on the above comparative analysis, CROPWAT program could adequately simulate yield reduction resulting from water stress.	Cropwat model; Deficit irrigation; Ethiopia; Growth stages; Onion	Allium cepa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-31744447128	The first 5 years of the family clinic for HIV at Tygerberg hospital: Family demographics, survival of children and early impact of antiretroviral therapy	van Kooten Niekerk N.K.M., Knies M.M., Howard J., Rabie H., Zeier M., van Rensburg A., Frans N., Schaaf H.S., Fatti G., Little F., Cotton M.F.	2006	Journal of Tropical Pediatrics	52	1	10.1093/tropej/fmi047	Amsterdam Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Social Work, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Tygerberg, South Africa; Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	van Kooten Niekerk, N.K.M., Amsterdam Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Knies, M.M., Amsterdam Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Howard, J., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Rabie, H., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Zeier, M., Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; van Rensburg, A., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Frans, N., Department of Social Work, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Tygerberg, South Africa; Schaaf, H.S., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Fatti, G., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Little, F., Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Cotton, M.F., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa	Background: Family clinics address the problems of HIV-infected children and their families. The aims were to document demographics of the children and caregivers attending the Family Clinic for HIV at Tygerberg Academic Hospital (TAH) and to investigate factors affecting disease progression in children. Methods: A retrospective folder review of children and parents attending the Family Clinic at TAH between January 1997 and December 2001, a period noted for its lack of antiretroviral treatment. Results: Of 432 children seen for testing, 274 children, median age 16.9 months, were HIV-infected. During follow-up, 46 children died (median age 23 months) and 113 were lost to follow-up. The majority of children were malnourished. Those <2 years of age had lower weight for age Z-scores (WAZ) than older children (p<0.001). At presentation, 47 per cent were in clinical stage B and two-thirds had moderate or severe CD4+ T cell depletion. Seventeen children had received highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), 12 dual and 31 monotherapy. HAART was associated with improved survival compared to dual or monotherapy. Risk of death was reduced from eleven-fold for a WAZ <-4 to four-fold between -2 and -3. There was no association with immunological and clinical classification at entry and risk of mortality. Only 18 per cent of parents were evaluated in the clinic. Non-parental care was documented for 25 per cent of families. Conclusions: A low WAZ is associated with poor survival in children. Nutritional status should receive more attention in HIV disease classification in children. Parent utilization of the clinic was inadequate. Even in the absence of HAART, extended survival in children is possible. © The Author [2005]. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.	None	anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; antiretrovirus agent; tuberculostatic agent; adolescent; article; body weight; caregiver; CD4+ T lymphocyte; child; child care; child death; clinical feature; correlation analysis; cost of illness; demography; disease classification; disease course; disease severity; family counseling; female; follow up; general practice; health care utilization; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunology; lymphocyte depletion; major clinical study; male; malnutrition; medical documentation; monotherapy; nutritional status; risk assessment; scoring system; screening test; South Africa; survival; Age Factors; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Analysis of Variance; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Child Mortality; Child, Preschool; Developing Countries; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; HIV Infections; Hospitals, Teaching; Humans; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Nutritional Status; Patient Compliance; Proportional Hazards Models; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Severity of Illness Index; Socioeconomic Factors; South Africa; Survival Analysis; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862826827	Comparative evaluation of environmental contamination and DNA damage induced by electronic-waste in Nigeria and China	Alabi O.A., Bakare A.A., Xu X., Li B., Zhang Y., Huo X.	2012	Science of the Total Environment	423	None	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.01.056	Analytic Cytology Laboratory, The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; Biosciences and Biotechnology Department, Babcock University, Ilisan-remo, Ogun State, Nigeria; Cell Biology and Ge	Alabi, O.A., Analytic Cytology Laboratory, The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China, Biosciences and Biotechnology Department, Babcock University, Ilisan-remo, Ogun State, Nigeria, Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Bakare, A.A., Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Xu, X., Analytic Cytology Laboratory, The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; Li, B., Analytic Cytology Laboratory, The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; Zhang, Y., Analytic Cytology Laboratory, The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; Huo, X., Analytic Cytology Laboratory, The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China	In the last decade, China and Nigeria have been prime destinations for the world's e-waste disposal leading to serious environmental contamination. We carried out a comparative study of the level of contamination using soils and plants from e-waste dumping and processing sites in both countries. Levels of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were analyzed using gas chromatography/spectrophotometry and heavy metals using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. DNA damage was assayed in human peripheral blood lymphocytes using an alkaline comet assay. Soils and plants were highly contaminated with toxic PAHs, PCBs, PBDEs, and heavy metals in both countries. Soil samples from China and plant samples from Nigeria were more contaminated. There was a positive correlation between the concentrations of organics and heavy metals in plant samples and the surrounding soils. In human lymphocytes, all tested samples induced significant (p < 0.05) concentration-dependent increases in DNA damage compared with the negative control. These findings suggest that e-waste components/constituents can accumulate, in soil and surrounding vegetation, to toxic and genotoxic levels that could induce adverse health effects in exposed individuals. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Comet assay; DNA damage; Electronic waste; Heavy metals; Organic contaminants	Adverse health effects; Alkaline comet assay; Atomic absorption spectrophotometry; Comet assays; Comparative evaluations; Comparative studies; Concentration-dependent; DNA damage; DNA damages; e-Waste; Electronic waste; Environmental contamination; Genotoxic; Human lymphocytes; Human peripheral blood; Negative control; Nigeria; Organic contaminant; Organics; Plant samples; Polyaromatic hydrocarbons; Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDEs); Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs); Positive correlations; Soil sample; Surrounding soils; Contamination; DNA; Electronic equipment; Heavy metals; Hydrocarbons; Organic pollutants; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Soils; Waste disposal; Wastes; Soil pollution; chromium; copper; DNA; heavy metal; iron; lead; manganese; nickel; polybrominated diphenyl ether; polychlorinated biphenyl; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; soil organic matter; bioaccumulation; comparative study; DNA; genotoxicity; health impact; heavy metal; organic pollutant; PAH; PBDE; PCB; plant; pollution exposure; soil pollution; waste disposal; article; atomic absorption spectrometry; bioaccumulation; China; comet assay; comparative study; concentration (parameters); controlled study; correlation analysis; DNA damage; dumping; electronic waste; environmental exposure; gas chromatography; genotoxicity; human; human cell; Nigeria; nonhuman; peripheral lymphocyte; phytotoxicity; priority journal; soil analysis; soil pollution; vegetation; waste disposal; China; Comet Assay; DNA Damage; Electronics; Environmental Pollutants; Environmental Pollution; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; Humans; Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; Metals, Heavy; Nigeria; Plants; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Recycling; Soil; Waste Management; China; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77249163163	Mobility and speciation of heavy metals in soils impacted by hazardous waste	Ogundiran M.B., Osibanjo O.	2009	Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability	21	2	10.3184/095422909X449481	Analytical/Environmental Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Ogundiran, M.B., Analytical/Environmental Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Osibanjo, O., Analytical/Environmental Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	This study describes the mobility and chemical fractionation of heavy metals (HMs) from a site impacted by auto battery slag that was generated from secondary lead smelting operations. Samples were collected from the waste pile and from the immediate surrounding soil at four depths to assess the migration and potential bioavailability of Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni and Zn. Total levels of the HMs and their fractionation were determined. The results indicate that highest levels of HMs are present in the uppermost layer with significant migration down the depth, thereby posing a threat to groundwater quality. In the fractions, the concentrations of the metals follow this sequence: Pb>Zn>Cd>Cr>Ni. The chemical fractions of Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni and Zn in the samples, expressed as mean concentrations of the sum of the individual chemical fractions, demonstrate that the HMs exist mainly in the non-residual fractions. For instance, the percentage of non-residual fractions of lead in the waste pile and the surrounding soil ranged from 48.9 to 95.6% and 69.4 to 98.3% respectively. The mobility factors of the heavy metals are significantly high indicating high potential mobility and bioavailable forms of these HMs. The high concentrations of the HMs particularly Pb in the non-residual fractions, as observed in this study, shows the impact of anthropogenic activities on enrichment of natural soil with bioavailable HMs. Consequently, there is a need to be cautious in the way waste that is generated from heavy metals projects is added to natural soil.	Bioavailability; Contamination; Fractionation; Heavy metals; Mobility factor	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955022557	Assessment of village chicken production system and evaluation of the productive and reproductive performance of local chicken ecotype in bure district, North West Ethiopia	Moges F., Mellesse A., Dessie T.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	13	None	Andassa Livestock Research Center, P. O. Box 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P. O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Hawassa University, P. O. Box 5, Awassa, Ethiopia	Moges, F., Andassa Livestock Research Center, P. O. Box 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Mellesse, A., Hawassa University, P. O. Box 5, Awassa, Ethiopia; Dessie, T., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P. O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	A survey was conducted in Bure district, North West Ethiopia, from 2007 to 2008 to assess the existing village chicken production system. A participatory rural appraisal and a formal survey were used to collect all the relevant data, using a multi-stage sampling technique. Seven farmer administrative kebeles (two from high land, three from mid altitude and two from low land agro-ecologies) and a total of 280 village chicken owner households were considered for the study. The result revealed that the dominant (83%) chicken production system was an extensive/traditional type of production, using a majority (97%) of local chicken ecotypes, managed mainly on scavenging with seasonal supplementation of home grown grains and household food leftovers. The purposes of chicken production were sale for income (51.4%), egg hatching for replacement (45%), consumption (44.3%), use of birds for cultural and/or religious ceremonies (36.4%) and egg production (40.7%). The average flock size per household was 13 (ranged 1 - 57), with a hen to cock ratio of 3.7:1. Only 22.1% of chicken owners prepared a separate overnight house for birds and the rest (77.9%) kept birds in various night sheltering places. The result revealed that 97.5% of interviewed chicken owners experienced chicken disease problems, mainly Newcastle disease (98.2%). The result indicated that 95% of village chicken owners used only traditional means to treat sick birds. The average age of cockerels at first mating and pullets at first egg were 24.6 weeks and 27.5 weeks, respectively. The average number of eggs laid/clutch was 16 (ranged 8 - 28) and the number of total clutch periods/hen/year was 4 (ranged 2 - 6). The annual egg production performance of local hens, under farmer's management condition, was 60 eggs/hen (ranged 24 -112). The average number of eggs incubated/hen was 13 and 11 chicks, on average, were hatched from them. The average hatchability performance of local hens was 81.7%. However, survivability of young chicks was only 60.5% (ranged 0 -100%). High hatchability performance of local hens (81.7%) and high mortality of young chicks (39.5%) were the two contradictory features for the existing village chicken production system of the district. Seasonal diseases outbreaks (84.3%) and predation (11.4%) were the major causes of chicken loss in the district. Women were the major responsible members of the household involved in various chicken husbandry activities like cleaning bird's house (38.6%), feeding birds (81.7%), selling birds (83%) and selling eggs (54.6%). Only 37.5% of interviewed chicken owners got appropriate extension services related to modern chicken management practices. The result of the study revealed that there is a great interest to boost up the existing village chicken production and productivity. This should be considered as an opportunity and potential to design and implement interventions, aimed at improving production and productivity of village chicken in the district. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Ethiopia; Local chicken ecotypes; Village chicken production system	Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878474369	Effects of dietary supplementation with urea molasses multi-nutrient block on performance of mid lactating local Ethiopian and crossbred dairy cows	Tekeba E., Wurzinger M., Baldinger L., Zollitsch W.J.	2013	Livestock Research for Rural Development	25	6	None	Andassa Livestock Research Centre, P.O.box 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 33, A-1180, Vienna, Austria	Tekeba, E., Andassa Livestock Research Centre, P.O.box 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Wurzinger, M., BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 33, A-1180, Vienna, Austria; Baldinger, L., BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 33, A-1180, Vienna, Austria; Zollitsch, W.J., BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 33, A-1180, Vienna, Austria	An experiment was conducted on station, using a nested design in order to evaluate the effects of a Urea Molasses Multi-Nutrient Block (UMMB) supplementation of typical dry season, roughage based diets on the performance of mid lactating local Fogera and their F1 Holstein Friesian crosses in Ethiopia. Eight cows each from both breeds were assigned to a forage-based control diet and an experimental diet with UMMB supplementation. Highly significant differences were observed between treatments for most production traits. However, Fogera and crossbred dairy cows showed a different response pattern for some traits. Crossbred dairy cows were superior over Fogera for milk production, reproductive performance and benefit-cost ratio regardless of UMMB supplementation. Conversely, Fogera cows had higher milk solid contents and supplementing them with UMMB had a greater effect on milk fat than in crossbred cows. It is concluded that supplementing dairy cows with UMMB during the dry season is basically a helpful measure to maintain production. Depending on the availability of UMMB, priority in supplementation however, should be given to cows with a high genetic potential for milk production.	Fogera; Mid-lactating; On-station; Roughage-based; Supplement	Bos; Friesia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919436435	Determination of bulk density, methods and impacts, with a case study from Los Bronces Mine, Chile	Makhuvha M., Arellano R.M., Harney D.M.W.	2014	Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Applied Earth Science	123	3	10.1179/1743275814Y.0000000058	Anglo American Kumba Iron Ore, Thabazimbi Mine, 11 Jourdan Street, Thabazimbi, South Africa; Anglo American Copper, Los Bronces, Pedro de Valdivia 29, Santiago, Chile; FAusIMM, Anglo American, 45 Main Street, Johannesburg, South Africa	Makhuvha, M., Anglo American Kumba Iron Ore, Thabazimbi Mine, 11 Jourdan Street, Thabazimbi, South Africa; Arellano, R.M., Anglo American Copper, Los Bronces, Pedro de Valdivia 29, Santiago, Chile; Harney, D.M.W., FAusIMM, Anglo American, 45 Main Street, Johannesburg, South Africa	Mineral resource and ore reserve estimates are founded on two sources of data: tonnage and grade. The tonnage is a product of volume and density; both of which are estimates. Density impacts numerous operational factors, which include, but are not limited to, mine design, mine planning, equipment selection and operational performance. Hence, density is a significant parameter and its determination requires similar care as the measurement of grade. This paper provides an overview of methods used to determine density within the Anglo American Group. It is not the purpose of this paper to identify a preferred method, but to highlight the importance of choosing the best suited practice for a project or mine site. In addition, a case study comparing two different density determination methods applied to the same rock samples from the Los Bronces Copper mine in Chile was undertaken and the results of that study are presented here. Selecting the most appropriate method to determine density and comparing results from two or more techniques against each other, together with other suitable quality control procedures, is considered to be essential for mining operations and exploration projects in order to reduce risk and to improve operational performance, which in turn increases profit margin. © 2014 Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining and The AusIMM.	Bulk density; Core pycnometer; Density determination; Los Bronces; Mineral resources	Copper mines; Economic geology; Ores; Bulk density; Core pycnometer; Determination methods; Different densities; Exploration projects; Los Bronces; Operational factors; Operational performance; Mineral resources; bulk density; copper; mineral exploration; mineral resource; mining; Chile	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78651515238	Optimizing the performance of wet drum magnetic separators	Dworzanowski M.	2010	Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy	110	11	None	Anglo American Technical Division, South Africa	Dworzanowski, M., Anglo American Technical Division, South Africa	The difference in the magnetic properties of minerals is the basis for magnetic separation. All minerals can be generally classified as ferromagnetic (strongly magnetic), paramagnetic (weakly magnetic) or diamagnetic (non-magnetic). Magnetic separation can be conducted dry or wet. The majority of the applications of wet magnetic separation in the mining industry are based on the wet drum magnetic separator. The wet drum magnetic separator has been in use for over 50 years and its design is based on a rotating drum installed inside a tank. Inside the drum are stationary, permanent magnets arranged in an arc to provide the magnetic field. These magnets can be of the ceramic ferrite type providing a low intensity magnetic field or of the rare earth type providing a high intensity magnetic field. Wet drum magnetic separators are generally applied in three different ways, namely to recover and recycle the medium used in dense medium separation (DMS), to remove magnetic contaminants from ores and concentrates, and to recover valuable magnetic products. Wet drum magnetic separators are applied in the following commodity areas: coal, diamonds, iron ore, chrome, platinum, heavy mineral sands, industrial minerals, and base metals. Whereas the design and operation of wet drum magnetic separators is relatively straightforward, it is very often found that the performance of wet drum magnetic separators is far from optimum. The reason for this is generally a lack of understanding of how the different design and operating variables interact and how they affect performance. This paper examines these variables, describing their importance and impact for all applications of wet drum magnetic separators. It also provides clear guidelines on how to adjust and control these variables so that optimum performance is achieved. © The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2010.	Demagnetization; Ferrite and rare earth magnets; Magnetic flocculation; Magnetic separation; Magnetite and ferrosilicon recovery	Base metals; Dense medium separation; Design and operations; Heavy minerals; High intensity; Industrial mineral; Low-intensity; Magnetic flocculation; Mining industry; Nonmagnetics; Operating variables; Optimum performance; Rotating drums; Wet-drum magnetic separator; Demagnetization; Design; Diamonds; Ferrite; Ferrites; Flocculation; Industrial diamonds; Magnetic fields; Magnetic properties; Magnetic separation; Magnetite; Magnets; Mineral exploration; Minerals; Ores; Paramagnetism; Platinum; Rare earths; Recovery; Silicon steel; Magnetic separators	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856588612	Testing stemming performance, possible or not?	Boshoff D., Webber-Youngman R.C.W.	2011	Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy	111	12	None	Anglo American, Johannesburg, South Africa; University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Boshoff, D., Anglo American, Johannesburg, South Africa; Webber-Youngman, R.C.W., University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	The ability of an explosive to break rock is influenced considerably by the extent of confinement in the blasthole. It is believed that confinement is improved by the use of adequate stemming. The aim of this paper is to present the results of the first and second stages of developing a stemming performance testing rig for small diameter boreholes. The rig was used to compare and contrast the performance of different designs of products. The results showed that different stemming products have differences in terms of their functionality, which can have a major impact on the efficiency of rock breaking. Two test procedures were used, one through the exclusive use of compressed air and the second using a purposebuilt high pressure test rig with small quantities of explosives. Both tests were used to identify and evaluate the ability of various stemming products to resist the escape of explosive gas through the collar of a blasthole. An investigation was done to determine the types of stemming products most commonly used in South African underground hard rock mines, and these products were used during the tests. The first stage of tests using compressed air only did not prove adequate to predict with certainty the pressure behaviour in the borehole of a particular product under high pressure conditions. The purpose-built high pressure test rig also did not prove to be a very effective tool to test stemming products under high pressure conditions. The test rig incorporated only the effect of gas pressure on the stemming product, and excluded the effect of the shock wave. This study therefore proved that to take into account only the gas pressure generated in the blasthole is not sufficient to effectively test stemming product performance. © The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2011.	Blasthole; Break rock; Confinement; Explosive; Stemming performance testing.	Blasthole; Effective tool; Gas pressures; Hard rock mines; High-pressure condition; High-pressure test-rig; Performance testing; Product performance; Rock breaking; Test procedures; Test rigs; Ability testing; Boreholes; Compressed air; Drilling rigs; Explosives; Plasma confinement; Pressure vessels; Rock products	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-22544475944	Effect of constant photoperiods on the laying performance of broiler breeders allowed conventional or accelerated growth	Lewis P.D., Backhouse D., Gous R.M.	2005	Journal of Agricultural Science	143	1	10.1017/S0021859605005010	Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Northcot, Cowdown Lane, Andover, Hants SP11 7HG, United Kingdom	Lewis, P.D., Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa, Northcot, Cowdown Lane, Andover, Hants SP11 7HG, United Kingdom; Backhouse, D., Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Gous, R.M., Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	An experiment was conducted at the University of KwaZulu-Natal to assess the effect of constant photoperiods on sexual maturity and egg-laying performance in broiler breeders given two levels of control-feeding during the rearing phase. Cobb broiler breeder females were grown to reach 2.1 kg body weight at 17 or 21 weeks, and maintained on 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 or 16-h photoperiods from 2 days to 68 weeks of age. There were no significant interactions between photoperiod and growth rate for any production parameter. The time required reaching 2.1 kg increased proportionally with photoperiod but, because of delayed sexual development, birds on longer photoperiods consumed more feed to, and were heavier at, sexual maturity than shorter daylengths. The longer-photoperiod birds also had inferior rates of lay in the first half of the cycle, but superior in the second, which, together with the photoperiodic effects on maturity, resulted in birds on 11, 13 or 14 h producing most eggs to 68 weeks, and those on 16 h fewest. It is possible that the pattern of egg production was due to some of the birds on ≥ 13-h photoperiods becoming photorefractory, having a mid-cycle pause, and then spontaneously resuming egg production in the latter half of the cycle. However, a hinge-analysis of current and other data to the more usual depletion age of 60 weeks showed that the combined effects of photoperiod on sexual maturity and egg production resulted in constant 10-h birds producing the highest number of eggs, with numbers decreasing by 3.6 eggs/h of photoperiod above the hinge and 7.8 eggs/h of photoperiod below it. Mean egg weight increased by 0.4 g/h of photoperiod, but the proportion of abnormally large and floor eggs and the incidence of mortality were unaffected by daylength. For each photoperiod, accelerated growth resulted in body weights being heavier than controls at sexual maturity, despite the mean age at maturity being 10 days earlier for the faster-growing birds. Body weights for the two growth groups were not significantly different at 68 weeks. Faster-growth birds consumed 1 kg less feed to 2.1 kg body weight, but 1.3 kg more feed to sexual maturity and 2.7 kg more to 68 weeks, and produced 6 more eggs than, but had similar patterns of egg production to, the conventionally managed controls. Mean egg weight, the proportion of floor eggs and the incidence of mortality were similar for both groups. Notwithstanding that the overall production of abnormally large eggs was low (1.1 eggs per bird); the faster-growing birds produced significantly more than the controls. Egg weight was positively influenced by age at sexual maturity, body weight at sexual maturity and photoperiod, but was unaffected by rate of growth to 2.1 kg per se. These findings show that there are differences between broiler breeders and egg-type pullets in their response to constant photoperiods. It is likely that the factors responsible for these differences, particularly in terms of sexual development, are the exhibition of photorefractoriness by, and the retardational effects of controlled feeding on, broiler breeders. © 2005 Cambridge University Press.	None	photoperiod; poultry; Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-54249117675	Male broiler performance and nocturnal feeding under constant 8-h or 16-h photoperiods, and various increasing lighting regimens	Lewis P.D., Danisman R., Gous R.M.	2008	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	38	3	None	Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Lewis, P.D., Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Danisman, R., Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Gous, R.M., Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	This paper describes the responses of two genotypes of male broilers to constant 8- and 16-h photoperiods, and to an abrupt transfer from 8 to 16 h at 10, 15 or 20 d. Body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion efficiency were not significantly different at any stage during the 35 d study. Mortality and the incidence of Sudden Death Syndrome were similar for all lighting groups at 35 d. When these data were pooled with previously reported data for female broilers, growth and feed conversion efficiency post 21 d and through to depletion for constant 8-h and birds transferred from 8 to 16 h at 20 d were significantly superior to constant 16-h birds. Constant 8-h birds ate about half their feed during the dark period, whilst 16-h birds consumed no more than 10%. Birds which had been started on 8 h and transferred to 16 h at 10, 15 or 20 d reduced their rate of nocturnal feeding when changed to the longer photoperiod, however, they still consumed more feed in the 8-h dark period than birds that had always been given 16 h illumination. Cobb and Ross genotypes responded similarly to all lighting treatments. © South African Society for Animal Science.	Broiler growth; Nocturnal feeding; Photoperiod	Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80455174106	Nutritional evaluation of dehulled faba bean (Vicia faba cv. Fiord) in feeds for weaner pigs	Emiola I.A., Gous R.M.	2011	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	41	2	None	Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/B X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Department of Animal Production and Health, PMB 4000, 038, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	Emiola, I.A., Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Department of Animal Production and Health, PMB 4000, 038, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Gous, R.M., Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/B X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	The objective of this experiment was to determine whether faba bean could successfully be used in feeds for weaner pigs in the period 10 to 25 kg liveweight. An experiment was conducted using 48 weaner pigs (average weight 10 ± 0.42 kg) to determine the nutritive value of dehulled faba bean meal (Vicia faba cv. Fiord) in comparison with full-fat soy. Two basal feeds were formulated, the first containing no faba bean but with full-fat soy (FFS) as the protein source, while the second contained 300 g faba bean/kg feed (FB). These feeds were blended to produce a series of five feeds (T1 to T5) containing a range of faba bean contents. In addition, a choice feeding treatment was included in the experiment to determine whether pigs showed preferences for or against faba bean. The experimental feeds were: 1) 1.0 FFS; 2) 0.75 FFS + 0.25 FB; 3) 0.5 FFS + 0.5 FB; 4) 0.25 FFS + 0.75FB; 5) 1.0 FB and 6) choice between FFS and FB. Feeds were formulated to meet or exceed NRC (1998) nutrient requirements of weaner pigs. Diluting full-fat soya with dehulled faba bean meal had no effect on growth rate (ADG), feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion efficiency (FCE) or time taken to attain final weight. Male pigs had a numerically higher ADFI (1150 vs. 992 g/d) and ADG (553 vs. 539 g/d) than females, and reached the final liveweight on average 3 d before the females. When given a choice between the two basal feeds, no preference was shown for either feed. It may be concluded that a feed for weaner pigs may contain as much as 300 g dehulled faba bean/kg without causing any deleterious effects on performance as long as the quality of the faba beans is the same as that used in this trial.	Anti-nutritional factors; Growth response; Protein sources	Glycine max; Suidae; Vicia faba	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955024861	Broiler performance and bone strength minimally affected by either a simulated dusk or night-interruption photoperiod	Lewis P.D., Gous R.M., Tumova E.	2010	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	40	1	None	Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 21 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic, Czech Republic	Lewis, P.D., Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Gous, R.M., Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Tumova, E., Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 21 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic, Czech Republic	Two genotypes of male broilers were given 12 h of daily illumination; as a conventional photoperiod, with the final hour at reduced illuminance to simulate dusk, or with 1 h of the light given during the middle of the night. The lighting modifications had no significant effect on any performance variable or on tibial breaking strength. Feed intake was unaffected by the lighting treatments during either the 1-h dusk period or the night, but was inexplicably stimulated in the both experimental groups during the main photoperiod. © South African Society for Animal Science.	Bone strength; Broiler growth; Dusk; Photoperiod	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947998995	Growth performance and nutrition-related serum metabolites in growing pigs fed on Acacia Tortilis leaf meal	Ndou S.P., Khanyile M., Chimonyo M.	2015	Livestock Science	182	None	10.1016/j.livsci.2015.10.003	Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada	Ndou, S.P., Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Khanyile, M., Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Chimonyo, M., Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	The objective of the study was to determine the response in metabolites and growth performance in growing pigs fed on Acacia tortilis leaf meal-based diets using a dose-response trial. Forty-eight male hybrid pigs (28.5±2.18. kg BW) were individually penned and assigned in a complete randomized design to six experimental diets containing 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150. g/kg DM of A. tortilis leaf meal. Pigs were bled once after three weeks for biochemical analyses. An increase in A. tortilis resulted in quadratic reductions in ADFI (P<0.0001) and ADG (P<0.05), and linear decreases in G:F (P<0.001). Serum iron, cholesterol and total protein initially increased, and then started decreasing with incremental levels of A. tortilis. There was a quadratic increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P<0.001) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P<0.01) and a linear increase (P<0.001) in alkaline phosphatases (ALP) observed as A. tortilis inclusion increased. Using the broken-stick model, the optimum levels of leaf meals marking break points at which threshold values of ADG, serum iron, serum cholesterol and total protein occurred when A. tortilis was included at 64.8, 60.0, 87.1 and 63.2. g/kg DM, respectively. In conclusion, growth performance, serum iron and total proteins are reliable indicators of optimum inclusion levels of leaf meals in pigs. © 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.	Acacia tortilis; Blood metabolites; Growing pigs; Optimum inclusion levels; Tannins	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84906943697	Influence of Acacia tortilis leaf meal-based diets on growth performance of pigs	Khanyile M., Ndou S.P., Chimonyo M.	2014	Livestock Science	167	1	10.1016/j.livsci.2014.04.016	Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01 Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Khanyile, M., Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01 Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Ndou, S.P., Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01 Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Chimonyo, M., Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01 Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	The objectives of the study were to assess nutritive value of Acacia leaf meals and to determine the optimum inclusion level of Acacia tortilis leaf meal in finishing pigs. Five dominant leguminous leaf meals namely, Acacia tortilis, Acacia robusta, Acacia nilotica, Acacia nigrescens and Acacia xanthophloea, were individually hand-harvested and analyzed for their chemical and physical properties. Although the crude protein content of A. xanthophloea and A. tortilis were similar, the latter was incorporated into the experimental diets as it had the lowest water holding capacity, swelling capacity and moderate levels of condensed tannins. A. tortilis was also the most abundant in the locality. Thirty finishing male F1 hybrid (Landrace×Large White) pigs with an initial weight of 60.6 (s.d.=0.94)kg were randomly allotted to six diets containing 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250g/kg DM inclusion levels of A. tortilis leaf meal. Each diet was offered ad libitum to five pigs in individual pens for 21 days. Average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and gain:feed (G:F) ratio was measured every week. There was an increase in both ADFI and ADG (P&lt;0.001) as A. tortilis leaf meal increased, before they started to decrease. An increase in A. tortilis leaf meal levels in the diets caused a quadratic decrease (P&lt;0.01) in the G:F ratio. The change of ADFI, ADG and G:F ratio during each week of successive feeding decreased (P&lt;0.05) with incremental levels of A. tortilis in the diets. Using piecewise regression (broken-stick analyses), it was observed that A. tortilis leaf meal can be included up to 129g/kg DM in finishing pig feeds, without negatively affecting G:F ratio. The ability with which pigs utilize leaf meal-based diets improves with duration of exposure to such diets. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Acacia tortilis; Condensed tannins; Feed intake; Pig performance	Acacia; Acacia nigrescens; Acacia nilotica; Acacia robusta; Acacia tortilis; Acacia xanthophloea; Suidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880042718	Effects of within-litter birth weight variation of piglets on performance at 3 weeks of age and at weaning in a Large White×Landrace sow herd	Zindove T.J., Dzomba E.F., Kanengoni A.T., Chimonyo M.	2013	Livestock Science	155	42403	10.1016/j.livsci.2013.04.013	Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Genetics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Animal Production Institute, ARC, P. Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa	Zindove, T.J., Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Dzomba, E.F., Genetics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Kanengoni, A.T., Animal Production Institute, ARC, P. Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa; Chimonyo, M., Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	The effect of piglet birth weight variation on subsequent weight variations and litter performance in Large White×Landrace sows is not well understood. The objective of the current study was to determine the relationship between within-litter birth weight coefficient of variation (CVB) and performance of piglets at 3 weeks and at weaning. A total of 1836 litter records, collected between January 1998 and September 2010 at the Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Irene, were used. The CVB had a linear relationship with survival at 3 weeks (SURV3) (b=-0.20; P<0.05) and within-litter weight coefficient of variation at 3 weeks (CV3) (b=0.50; P<0.05). Litters with high CVB had more deaths at 3 weeks (P<0.05). Increase of CV3 with CVB varied with parity (P<0.05). The rate of increase of CV3 with CVB was highest in Parity 1 (b=0.41) followed by Parity 2 (b=0.36) then middle aged (Parity 3-5) sows (b=0.32). There was no significant relationship between CVB and litter weight at 3 weeks (LWt3) or mean litter weight at 3 weeks (MWt3) (P>0.05). Weight variation at weaning was positively skewed (skewness value of 0.81). The survival to 3 weeks (SURV3) ranged from 13.3% to 100% with a mean of 87.6%. The CVB had a linear relationship with both within-litter weaning weight coefficient of variation (CVW) (b=0.50; P<0.05) and percent survival to weaning (SURVW) (b=-0.04; P<0.05). There was an unfavorable positive relationship between CVB with both CVW and SURVW. It can be concluded that litter performance at weaning is related to CVB. © 2013.	Coefficient of variation; Parity; Piglets; Survivability	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80455158232	Evaluation of dehulled faba bean (Vicia faba cv. Fiord) as a protein source for laying hens	Magoda S.F., Gous R.M.	2011	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	41	2	None	Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/B X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Magoda, S.F., Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/B X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Gous, R.M., Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/B X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Dehulled faba beans were evaluated as an alternative to soybeans as a protein source for laying hens using 240 individually caged birds, 50 weeks of age. Two basal feeds were formulated to the same nutrient specifications but with one containing no faba beans and the other containing 200 g dehulled faba bean meal/kg. The experiment was divided into two parts: a dilution series, and a choice feeding treatment. The dilution series consisted of increasing concentrations of faba beans, the five levels in the series being 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g/kg of food. The sixth treatment was a choice between the two basal feeds. Although food intake increased linearly with faba bean inclusion, reflecting a need by the hens to consume more in an attempt to obtain sufficient of some unidentified limiting nutrient, laying performance was the same on all feeds in the dilution series. Hens consumed the same amount of each basal feed when given a choice between the two, suggesting that no anti-nutritional factors were present in the faba beans used in this trial. It can be concluded, from a nutritional point of view, that dehulled faba bean meal may be used successfully as an alternative to soybeans as a source of amino acids for laying hens as long as the levels of antinutritional factors present are very low, as was the case in this trial, and as long as accurate estimates of the AME and the digestible amino acid contents of the ingredient are used when formulating feeds containing faba beans. If faba beans can be grown and then used locally in areas unsuitable for soybean production, the reduced transport cost could make this an attractive alternative to soybeans.	Anti-nutritional factors; Choice feeding; Protein sources	Aves; Glycine max; Vicia faba	None
WoS	WOS:000268766900003	Do the socioeconomic impacts of antiretroviral therapy vary by gender? A longitudinal study of Kenyan agricultural worker employment outcomes	Bii, Margret,Fox, Mathew P.,Larson, Bruce A.,McCoy, Kelly,Rosen, Sydney,Sawe, Fredrick,Shaffer, Douglas,Sigei, Carolyne,Simon, Jonathan L.,Wasunna, Monique	2009	BMC PUBLIC HEALTH	9	None	10.1186/1471-2458-9-240	Boston University, Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Walter Reed Project	None	Background: As access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) has grown in Africa, attention has turned to evaluating the socio-economic impacts of ART. One key issue is the extent to which improvements in health resulting from ART allows individuals to return to work and earn income. Improvements in health from ART may also be associated with reduced impaired presenteeism, which is the loss of productivity when an ill or disabled individual attends work but accomplishes less at his or her usual tasks or shifts to other, possibly less valuable, tasks. Methods: Longitudinal data for this analysis come from company payroll records for 97 HIV-infected tea estate workers (the index group, 56 women, 41 men) and a comparison group of all workers assigned to the same work teams (n = 2485, 1691 men, 794 women) for a 37-month period covering two years before and one year after initiating ART. We used nearest neighbour matching methods to estimate the impacts of HIV/AIDS and ART on three monthly employment outcomes for tea estate workers in Kenya - days plucking tea, days assigned to non-plucking assignments, and kilograms harvested when plucking. Results: The female index group worked 30% fewer days plucking tea monthly than the matched female comparison group during the final 9 months pre-ART. They also worked 87% more days on non-plucking assignments. While the monthly gap between the two groups narrowed after beginning ART, the female index group worked 30% fewer days plucking tea and about 100% more days on non-plucking tasks than the comparison group after one year on ART. The male index group was able to maintain a similar pattern of work as their comparison group except during the initial five months on therapy. Conclusion: Significant impaired presenteeism continued to exist among the female index group after one year on ART. Future research needs to explore further the socio-economic implications of HIV-infected female workers on ART being less productive than the general female workforce over sustained periods of time.	,ADULTS,HIV/AIDS,HIV-INFECTION,ILLNESS,PERFORMANCE,PRESENTEEISM,PREVALENCE,SECTOR,SICK,SOUTH-AFRICA	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80455125989	Evaluation of faba bean (Vicia faba cv. Fiord) as a protein source for broilers	Gous R.M.	2011	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	41	2	None	Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Gous, R.M., Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	An experiment was conducted, using 960 sexed broiler chicks between 7 and 21 d of age, to measure their response to increasing contents of faba bean in the feed. The experimental design consisted of two sexes, six levels of faba bean (0 to 250 g/kg feed), two feed forms (mash and pellets) and two levels of methionine supplementation (0 and 1.5 g DL methionine/kg feed). Each treatment was replicated twice, using 96 pens and 10 chicks per pen. The responses were the same between sexes and between methionine levels. Where feeds were offered in a mash form, growth rate and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) declined linearly, and food intake increased linearly, with increasing faba bean content, but when the feeds were pelleted, performance was the same on all levels of faba bean, suggesting that heat generated during the pelleting process may have destroyed some heat labile anti-nutritional factor present in the faba bean. As most broiler feeds are pelleted, it would appear that faba beans could be used successfully as an alternative protein source in feeds for broilers, up to an inclusion level of 250 g/kg, when geographic, agronomic and economic conditions favour the use of these beans.	Anti-nutritional factors; Dilution trial; Feed form	Vicia faba	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875870637	Effect of dietary protein on performance of four broiler strains and on the allometric relationships between carcass portions and body protein	Danisman R., Gous R.M.	2013	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	43	1	10.4314/sajas.v43i1.3	Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Danisman, R., Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Gous, R.M., Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	This is the second paper in a series that reports the allometric relationships between some of the physical parts and body protein weight of commercial broiler strains reared, sexes separate, on different dietary protein levels. In this trial, four commercial broiler strains were sampled at day old and then weekly from each of three dietary protein treatments to determine the weights of the physical parts and the chemical composition of each of 936 birds. Allometric regressions were compared between strains, sexes and dietary protein levels using linear regression with groups. Whereas these regressions were similar over strains and sexes, some interactions were evident between factors, the largest differences occurring when broilers were fed differing dietary protein levels. These differences may be explained on the basis that lipid is deposited to different extents in each of the parts in response to dietary protein. Day-old breast meat and wing weights fell below the regression that best fitted the remaining observations and so were omitted from allometric analyses. The allometric regressions presented are an attempt to provide information that would enable the prediction of the weights of breast meat, thigh, drum and wing at different stages of growth of broilers whose genotype and feed composition are adequately described.	Breast meat; Carcass yield; Drum; Thigh; Wing	Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860695112	The performance of broilers on a feed depends on the feed protein content given previously	Gous R.M., Emmans G.C., Fisher C.	2012	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	42	1	10.4314/sajas.v42i1.8	Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Scottish Agricultural College, Bush Estate, Midlothian, EH26 0QE, Scotland, United Kingdom	Gous, R.M., Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Emmans, G.C., Scottish Agricultural College, Bush Estate, Midlothian, EH26 0QE, Scotland, United Kingdom; Fisher, C., Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	It has been proposed that all animals have an inherent relationship between body protein and lipid that can be described allometrically, and the hypothesis tested in the research reported here is that the animal will at all times attempt to retain this relationship. The test was accomplished by feeding broilers, of three genotypes and in two experiments, in such a way as to produce lean and fat birds that were then subjected to a range of dietary protein levels in a second feeding period, during which their performance was measured. Birds were initially offered one of two feeds with widely different protein to energy ratios until they reached a pre-defined liveweight, after which they were given one of two feed protein contents in Experiment 1 and four in Experiment 2. Their performance was monitored until a second pre-defined liveweight was reached, at which time they were killed for carcass analysis. The genotype selected to be lean, in Experiment 1, showed no response to protein level in the second period, whether they were fat or lean at the start. Conversely, the genetically fat birds showed some additional growth in males and additional efficiency in the females. Averaged across genotypes and sexes, birds initially in the fat state gained only 6.9 g lipid/d versus 13.5 g lipid/d for the nutritionally lean broilers. In Experiment 2, growth rate and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) were related directly to dietary protein content and were higher for those birds made nutritionally fat. Carcass lipid gain was lower for the initially fat birds on the three highest dietary protein treatments. All birds made fat at 880 g and 1000 g, by giving them a low protein feed, had a much reduced fat content in their subsequent gain, provided that the protein content of the feed used was sufficiently high, indicating that they were making use of the excessive lipid reserves as an energy source. The hypothesis tested cannot be rejected by the evidence presented.	Body lipid: Protein ratio; Broiler nutrition; Dietary protein content; Fatness	Animalia; Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901061068	Koch's postulate in reproduction of broiler coccidiosis by co-infection with eight most common Eimeria spp.: A model for future evaluation of new biologics	Barbour E.K., Ayyash D.B., Shaib H., Bragg R.R., Azhar E., Iyer A., Harakeh S., Kambris Z., Kumosani T.	2014	International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine	12	1	None	Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon; Biochemistry Department, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Special Infectious Agents Unit - Biosafety Level 3, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Biochemistry Department, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Biology Dept, American University of Beirut, Lebanon	Barbour, E.K., Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon, Biochemistry Department, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Ayyash, D.B., Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon; Shaib, H., Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon; Bragg, R.R., Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Azhar, E., Special Infectious Agents Unit - Biosafety Level 3, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Iyer, A., Biochemistry Department, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Harakeh, S., Special Infectious Agents Unit - Biosafety Level 3, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Kambris, Z., Biology Dept, American University of Beirut, Lebanon; Kumosani, T., Biochemistry Department, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia	The purpose of this research is to establish a model of Koch's postulate for reproducing coccidiosis in broilers by co-infection with eight most common Eimeria spp. involved in this economic disease, in an attempt to use this model in future evaluation of new controlling biologics. Four groups of broilers each challenged at a different age (14, 21, 28, and 35 d) with an equivalent number of sporulated oocysts of eight Eimeria spp. had a reduction in their mean weight gain of 10.2% compared to the four parallel control groups of birds that were deprived of the challenge. The mean feed to live body weight conversion ratio increased significantly from 1.5 in the four unchallengedcontrol groups to 3.1 in the four challenged groups (P<0.05). The mean frequency of mortality increased up to 15% in the challenged groups in comparison to 5% in the controls. This higher mortality was associated in most challenged groups with significant increase in the mean lesion scores and mean oocyst count in the intestine compared to those observed in the controls. The benefit of this established model of Koch's postulate for reproducing coccidiosis in broilers, in future search of new controlling biologics, will be presented.	Chicken; Eimeria spp.; Koch's postulate; Lesions; Oocyst count; Performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052234722	Evaluation of potato hash silage from two bacterial inoculants and their effects on the growth performance of grower pigs	Thomas R., Nkosi B.D., Umesiobi D.O., Meeske R., Kanengoni A.T., Langa T.	2010	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	40	5SUPPL.1	None	ARC: Animal Production Institute, P/Bag X2, Irene, 0062, South Africa; Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State Private Bag X 20539, Bloemfontein, 9300, Free State, South Africa; Outeniqua Research Farm, P.O. Box 249, George, 6530, South Africa	Thomas, R., Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State Private Bag X 20539, Bloemfontein, 9300, Free State, South Africa; Nkosi, B.D., ARC: Animal Production Institute, P/Bag X2, Irene, 0062, South Africa; Umesiobi, D.O., Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State Private Bag X 20539, Bloemfontein, 9300, Free State, South Africa; Meeske, R., Outeniqua Research Farm, P.O. Box 249, George, 6530, South Africa; Kanengoni, A.T., ARC: Animal Production Institute, P/Bag X2, Irene, 0062, South Africa; Langa, T., ARC: Animal Production Institute, P/Bag X2, Irene, 0062, South Africa	Potato hash was mixed with wheat bran at 7:3 ratio, treated with homofermentative LAB inoculant (BMF, bonsilage forte), heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (LFLB, Lalsil Fresh LB) and without LAB inoculant and ensiled in 210 L drums for 90 days. After 90 days of ensiling, concentrates that contained 40% potato hash silage (PHS) were formulated and the treatment groups were control (no silage), untreated PHS, BMF treated PHS and LFLB treated PHS. The diets were fed to 64 growing pigs (60 days old and 30.4 ± 2.3 kg body mass). The pigs were allocated in a complete randomized block design with four treatments, and each treatment consisted of eight boars and eight sows. Pigs were fed ad libitum, feed intake was measured daily while body masses were recorded at the start and weekly throughout the experimental period. The dry matter intake (DMI) was higher in the control diet (1062 g/kg) than in the untreated PHS diets (933 g/kg), BMF treated PHS (873 g/kg) and LFLB treated PHS (919 g/kg) diets, respectively. Pigs in the control group had higher final body weight (60.77 kg), average daily gain (ADG) (551 g/d) and better feed conversion rate (FCR) (4.92 g/g) at the end of the trial compared to those in other treatment groups. It can be concluded that potato hash silage produced with or without LAB inoculants had the same effect on the growth performance of growing pigs. However, further work is needed to evaluate the effects of higher dietary inclusion levels (>40 %) of ensiled potato hash on pig growth and reproductive performance. © South African Society for Animal Science.	Grower pigs; Growth performance; LAB inoculation; Potato hash	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-83455206593	Productive performance of three commercial broiler genotypes reared in the derived savannah zone of Nigeria	Olawumi S.O., Fagbuaro S.S.	2011	International Journal of Agricultural Research	6	11	10.3923/rjar.2011.798.804	Animal Breeding and Genetics Unit, Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, Ekiti State University, PMB 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Olawumi, S.O., Animal Breeding and Genetics Unit, Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, Ekiti State University, PMB 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Fagbuaro, S.S., Animal Breeding and Genetics Unit, Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, Ekiti State University, PMB 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Carcass characteristics of three broiler strains reared on deep litter and under similar management practices and feeding regime to 8 weeks of age were compared. The broiler strains are Marshall, Arbor Acre and Hubbard. The obtained result showed that breed has significant (p<0.05) effect on live weight at 8 weeks. Marshall Genotype has higher (p<0.05) mean values and was superior to Arbor Acre and Hubbard in live body weight. In terms of other carcass traits, the former also recorded higher (p<0.05) mean values than the latter in carcass weight, dressing weight, eviscerated weight, carcass percentage, breast muscle weight, back muscle weight, thigh muscle weight, drumstick and heart weight. However, the three breeds recorded similar mean values in dressing percentage, abdominal fat weight, liver and gizzard weight. As regards sex effect, males were superior (p<0.05) to females in live body weight at 8 weeks, eviscerated weight, back muscle weight, thigh muscle weight and drumstick weight. However, the two sexes had similar mean values in dressing weight, dressing percentage, carcass weight, carcass percentage, breast weight, abdominal fat weight and edible giblets. There was significant (p<0.05) strain x sex interaction effects on all the traits considered. Regardless of the sex therefore, Marshall was more productive, feed efficient and gave more carcass yield than Arbor Acre and Hubbard when slaughtered at the same age under uniform management practices and environmental conditions. Males also yielded more meat than the females. For increased broiler meat production and maximum profit in the industry, Marshall breed is recommended to poultry farmers. © 2011 Academic Journals Inc.	Carcass; Dressing; Muscle; Strain; Trait	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953656769	Impact of climate and predation on autumn migration of the Curlew Sandpiper	Barshep Y., Hedenström A., Underhill L.G.	2011	Waterbirds	34	1	10.1675/063.034.0101	Animal Demography Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Theoretical Ecology, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; A. P. Leventis Ornithological Research Institute, Laminga, PMB 13404, Jos, Nigeria	Barshep, Y., Animal Demography Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, A. P. Leventis Ornithological Research Institute, Laminga, PMB 13404, Jos, Nigeria; Hedenström, A., Theoretical Ecology, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; Underhill, L.G., Animal Demography Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Using constant-effort catch data, causes of annual variation in the timing of migration of Curlew Sandpipers (Calidris ferruginea) migrating through Ottenby, Sweden, as well as the trend in timing of migration from 1946-2005, was investigated. Variation in the timing of autumn migration of adult and juvenile Curlew Sandpipers was influenced by breeding success connected to predation pressure on the Arctic breeding grounds. Median migration date of adult birds was significantly later in good breeding years compared with poor breeding years while the migration of juveniles was earlier in good breeding years compared with poor breeding years. Also, adults migrated earlier when the average temperature in June was warmer. Median migration dates of adults have advanced by 23 days from 1946-2005, but the migration dates of juveniles have remained unchanged. Unchanged migration dates of juveniles indicate that earlier departure of the adult Curlew Sandpipers from the breeding grounds was not due to earlier breeding. Evidence suggests that declining breeding productivity as a result of increasing predation on broods of shorebirds might, over the years, be the reason for the observed pattern of early departure of adults from the breeding grounds. One possible consequence of earlier migration is a mismatch between timing of migration and periods of food abundance on migration routes and at the wintering grounds, leading to a decline in adult and juvenile survival and population size.	Arctic; breeding success; Calidris ferruginea; Curlew Sandpiper; June temperature; migration; Ottenby; phenology; predation	adult; annual variation; autumn; breeding site; climate change; climate effect; food availability; juvenile; migration; phenology; population decline; population size; predation; reproductive success; wader; Kalmar [Sweden]; Oland; Ottenby; Sweden; Aves; Calidris ferruginea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957874200	Interpretation of a cross-cultural usability evaluation: A case study based on a hypermedia system for rare species management in Namibia	Paterson B., Winschiers-Theophilus H., Dunne T.T., Schinzel B., Underhill L.G.	2011	Interacting with Computers	23	3	10.1016/j.intcom.2011.03.002	Animal Demography Unit, Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; School of IT, Polytechnic of Namibia, Private Bag 13388, Windhoek, Namibia; Department of Statistical Science, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Abteilung Modellbildung und Soziale Folgen, Institut für Informatik und Gesellschaft, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Friedrichstr. 50, 79098 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Marine Research (Ma-Re) Institute and Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3 Rondebosch, 7701 Cape Town, South Africa	Paterson, B., Animal Demography Unit, Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, Marine Research (Ma-Re) Institute and Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3 Rondebosch, 7701 Cape Town, South Africa; Winschiers-Theophilus, H., School of IT, Polytechnic of Namibia, Private Bag 13388, Windhoek, Namibia; Dunne, T.T., Department of Statistical Science, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Schinzel, B., Abteilung Modellbildung und Soziale Folgen, Institut für Informatik und Gesellschaft, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Friedrichstr. 50, 79098 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Underhill, L.G., Animal Demography Unit, Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	We present the results of a usability evaluation of a locally developed hypermedia information system aiming at conservation biologists and wildlife managers in Namibia. Developer and end user come from different ethnic backgrounds, as is common to software development in Namibia and many developing countries. To overcome both the cultural and the authoritarian gap between usability evaluator and user, the evaluation was held as a workshop with usability evaluators who shared the target users' ethnic and social backgrounds. Different data collection methods were used and results as well as specific incidences recorded. Results suggest that it is difficult for Namibian computer users to evaluate functionality independently from content. Users displayed evidence of a passive search strategy and an expectation that structure is provided rather than self generated. The comparison of data collection methods suggests that questionnaires are inappropriate in Namibia because they do not elicit a truthful response from participants who tend to provide answers they think are "expected". The paper concludes that usability goals and methods have to be determined and defined within the target users' cultural context. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Cross-cultural usability evaluation; Dialogical usability methods; International usability evaluation; Participation; Usability methods	Dialogical usability methods; International usability evaluation; Participation; Usability evaluation; Usability methods; Conservation; Data acquisition; Developing countries; Hypermedia systems; Information management; Software design; Surveys; Usability engineering	None
None	None	Evaluation of buparvaquone (BUTA-Kel™ KELA, Belgium) as a treatment of East Coast fever in cattle, in the peri-urban of Dar Es Salaam city, Tanzania	Mbwambo H.A., Magwisha H.B., Mfinanga J.M.	2006	Veterinary Parasitology	139	42372	10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.02.024	Animal Disease Research Institute, P.O. Box 9254, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania	Mbwambo, H.A., Animal Disease Research Institute, P.O. Box 9254, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; Magwisha, H.B., Animal Disease Research Institute, P.O. Box 9254, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; Mfinanga, J.M., Animal Disease Research Institute, P.O. Box 9254, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania	Evaluation trials of the efficacy of buparvaquone (BUTA-kel™ KELA Laboratoria, N.V. Belgium), as a treatment of field cases of Theileria parva infection (East Coast fever - ECF) were carried out on 63 cattle in the peri-urban of Dar Es Salaam city, Tanzania, during the period November 2004 to August 2005. Thirty-two cattle (56%) received single-dose treatment (2.5 mg buparvaquone per kg body weight), while two and three-dose treatment with interval(s) of 48 h was given to 33% and 11% of total treated cattle, respectively; 38 cattle (60.3%) were treated at an early stage of the disease, while 25 cattle (39.7%) were treated at an advanced stage of the disease. The rectal body temperature of 90.5% of buparvaquone-treated cattle dropped to normal values (37.5-39.5 °C) by day 7 of treatment, and by day 15 of treatment 96.8% of treated cattle showed normal values. Pulmonary signs were observed in 8/68 (11.8%) of total ECF diagnosed cattle and were successfully treated, albeit with parvaquone plus frusemide (Fruvexon); were not included in final evaluation of the efficacy of BUTA-kel. The present evaluation trials record a recovery rate of 95.2%. Buparvaquone (BUTA-kel™ KELA Laboratoria, N.V. Belgium), therefore, records another efficacious and valuable alternative treatment against East Coast fever in Tanzania. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Cattle-East Coast fever; Cost-effective-treatment; Early-disease detection; Early-stage treatment; Pulmonary signs; Theileria parva schizonts; Theilericidal drug-buparvaquone	buparvaquone; buta kel; furosemide; parvaquone; animal parasitosis; article; cattle disease; controlled study; convalescence; drug efficacy; female; fever; lung disease; lymph node; male; nonhuman; rectum temperature; Tanzania; Theileria parva; urban area; Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Female; Male; Naphthoquinones; Tanzania; Theileria parva; Theileriasis; Treatment Outcome; Bos taurus; Theileria parva	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-43149115382	Physiological response of rabbit bucks to dietary fumonisin: Performance, haematology and serum biochemistry	Ewuola E.O., Gbore F.A., Ogunlade J.T., Bandyopadhyay R., Niezen J., Egbunike G.N.	2008	Mycopathologia	165	2	10.1007/s11046-007-9083-y	Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Pathology Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Ibadan, Nigeria	Ewuola, E.O., Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Gbore, F.A., Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ogunlade, J.T., Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Bandyopadhyay, R., Pathology Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria; Niezen, J., Pathology Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Ibadan, Nigeria; Egbunike, G.N., Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Maize grains contaminated with fumonisin, a metabolite of Fusarium verticillioides was incorporated into matured male rabbits' diet to evaluate its effects on performance, haematology and serum biochemistry in rabbits. Thirty individually caged crossbred adult rabbit bucks averaging 1.36 ± 0.01 kg (about 22-24-week-old) were randomly allotted to three treatment diets comprising a control diet (containing 0.35 ± 0.02 mg fumonisin/kg) and two test diets containing 12.30 ± 0.16 and 24.56 ± 0.14 mg fumonisin/kg, constituting treatments 1 (low infection), 2 (medium infection) and 3 (high infection), respectively, in a five-week feeding trial. Results showed that the dry matter intake (DMI) (g/rabbit) at the end of the feeding trial was significantly (P < 0.05) influenced. The DMI declined with increasing dietary fumonisin by a significant 80% and 95% (P < 0.05) for high and medium levels of dietary fumonisin, respectively, relative to the mean weekly DMI of 609.93 ± 45.08 g by rabbits fed diet with low level of fumonisin. The weekly weight gain tended to decrease with increased dietary fumonisin levels, while the haematological and serum biochemical components examined, were not statistically influenced among the diets when fed to male rabbits for a period of 5 weeks. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Bucks; Fumonisin; Haematology; Physiological response; Serum biochemistry	fumonisin; plasma protein; animal; article; blood examination; body weight; dose response; drug effect; eating; male; metabolism; rabbit; randomization; weight gain; Animals; Blood Proteins; Body Weight; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Eating; Fumonisins; Hematologic Tests; Male; Rabbits; Random Allocation; Weight Gain; Fusarium; Gibberella moniliformis; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Zea mays	None
None	None	Evaluation of the hygienic quality and associated public health hazards of raw milk marketed by smallholder dairy producers in the Dar es Salaam region, Tanzania	Kivaria F.M., Noordhuizen J.P.T.M., Kapaga A.M.	2006	Tropical Animal Health and Production	38	3	10.1007/s11250-006-4339-y	Animal Diseases Research Institute, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands	Kivaria, F.M., Animal Diseases Research Institute, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; Noordhuizen, J.P.T.M., Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Kapaga, A.M., Animal Diseases Research Institute, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania	A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine three parameters of the quality of the raw milk marketed by milk selling points (MSPs) in Dar es Salaam region. Total bacterial count (TBC) was used as an indicator of the microbial quality of the milk; antimicrobial residues were determined; and the California mastitis test (CMT) was used to screen for milk somatic cells as an indication of the mastitis level in the cows that provided the milk. Moreover, a water sample at each MSP was taken for bacteriological culturing. Finally, a questionnaire survey was conducted with the milk sellers at the MSPs to identify risk factors for poor milk hygiene. A total of 128 milk samples and corresponding water samples were collected from randomly selected milk selling points in Dar es Salaam region. The mean TBC was (8.2± 1.9) × 106 cfu/ml, and major bacterial isolates from the milk samples were Escherichia coli (6.3%), Bacillus cereus (6.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (6.3%) and Streptococcus agalactiae (6.3%), Enterobacter aerogenes (5.6%) and Enterococcus faecalis (4.7%). In most cases, the organisms identified in milk corresponded to those isolated from the corresponding water samples. Of milk samples, 79.0% were positive to the CMT and 7.0% were positive for antimicrobial residues. TBC was normalized by log-transformation, and the possible predictors of TBC were identified by fitting two linear regression models. In a random effect model, water microbial quality, frequency of cleaning the milk containers, frequency of milk supply, milk storage time and the type of containers, and mixing of fresh and previous milk were significantly (p &lt; 0.05) associated with the mean log TBC. In a fixed effect model, in addition to these indicators, water shortage, water source and the refrigerator condition were significantly (p ≤ 0.01) associated with log TBC. It was concluded that the milk sold in Dar es Salaam region is of poor quality and is of public health significance. © Springer 2006.	Antimicrobial residues; CMT; Dar es Salaam; Microbiological quality; Public health hazards; TBC	drug residue; animal; animal disease; article; bacterial count; bacterium; cattle; cattle disease; cell count; chemistry; cross-sectional study; cytology; female; human; hygiene; isolation and purification; microbiology; milk; public health; questionnaire; risk factor; safety; standard; statistical model; Tanzania; Animals; Bacteria; Cattle; Cell Count; Colony Count, Microbial; Consumer Product Safety; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drug Residues; Female; Humans; Hygiene; Linear Models; Mastitis, Bovine; Milk; Public Health; Questionnaires; Risk Factors; Tanzania; Water Microbiology; Bacillus cereus; Bacteria (microorganisms); Enterobacter aerogenes; Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus agalactiae	None
None	None	Epidemiological aspects and economic impact of bovine theileriosis (East Coast fever) and its control: A preliminary assessment with special reference to Kibaha district, Tanzania	Kivaria F.M., Ruheta M.R., Mkonyi P.A., Malamsha P.C.	2007	Veterinary Journal	173	2	10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.08.013	Animal Diseases Research Institute, P.O. Box 9254, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Kivaria, F.M., Animal Diseases Research Institute, P.O. Box 9254, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Ruheta, M.R., Animal Diseases Research Institute, P.O. Box 9254, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mkonyi, P.A., Animal Diseases Research Institute, P.O. Box 9254, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Malamsha, P.C., Animal Diseases Research Institute, P.O. Box 9254, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	A cross-sectional study based on clinical examination, inspection of herd health records and a questionnaire was designed to determine the epidemiology, economics and potential impact of immunisation against theileriosis in Tanzania. The results showed annual theileriosis costs to be US$ 205.40 per head, whereas the introduction of immunisation reduced this by 40-68% depending on the post immunisation dipping strategy adopted. Morbidity risk due to theileriosis was 0.048 in immunised and 0.235 in non-immunised cattle, and the difference was significant (χ2 = 66.7; P = 0.000). The questionnaire results indicated that immunised cattle had a significantly (χ2 = 6; P = 0.015) higher risk of anaplasmosis compared with non-immunised cattle, whereas the risk of bovine babesiosis did not differ significantly (χ2 = 0.06; P = 0.807) between the two groups. Mortality risk due to anaplasmosis was 0.046 in immunised and 0.018 in non-immunised cattle and this difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 4.48; P = 0.043). The theileriosis mortality risk was 0.203 in the non-immunised cattle, while the risk was 0.009 in the immunised cattle and these differences were also significant (χ2 = 103; P = 0.000). It was concluded that farmers who have immunised their cattle may cautiously cut down acaricide application by 50% for extensively grazed herds and by 75% for zero grazed animals depending on the level of tick challenge at the herd level. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Anaplasmosis; Babesiosis; Cost benefit ratio; Infection and treatment method; Net present value; Tanzania; Theileriosis; Tick-borne disease	acaricide; agricultural worker; anaplasmosis; animal experiment; animal model; animal parasitosis; article; babesiosis; cattle disease; clinical examination; controlled study; cost benefit analysis; economic evaluation; epidemiological data; grazing; herd; immunization; medical record; morbidity; mortality; nonhuman; prevalence; questionnaire; statistical significance; Tanzania; Animals; Cattle; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data Collection; Insecticides; Protozoan Vaccines; Tanzania; Theileriasis; Tick Control; Vaccination; Animalia; Bos; Bovinae; Ixodida	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-40149111538	Milk production and reproductive performance of Sahiwal cattle in semi-arid Kenya	Ilatsia E.D., Muasya T.K., Muhuyi W.B., Kahi A.K.	2007	Tropical Science	47	3	10.1002/ts.205	Animal Genetic Resources Group, National Animal Husbandry Research Centre, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Naivasha, Kenya; National Beef Research Centre, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Nakuru, Kenya; Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Egerton University, PO Box 536, Egerton 20115, Kenya	Ilatsia, E.D., Animal Genetic Resources Group, National Animal Husbandry Research Centre, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Naivasha, Kenya; Muasya, T.K., Animal Genetic Resources Group, National Animal Husbandry Research Centre, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Naivasha, Kenya; Muhuyi, W.B., National Beef Research Centre, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Nakuru, Kenya; Kahi, A.K., Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Egerton University, PO Box 536, Egerton 20115, Kenya	The aim of this study was to evaluate milk production and reproductive performance of Sahiwal cattle in semi-arid Kenya. Milk production traits considered were lactation milk yield, lactation length and test-day milk yield, while reproductive traits included age at first calving, calving interval and number of services per conception. Various fixed effects affected performance of milk production and reproductive traits to varying significance levels. The mean estimates for milk production traits were 1368 kg, 282 days and 4.9 kg for lactation milk yield, lactation length and test-day milk yield, respectively. For reproductive traits, mean estimates were 468 days, 2.2 and 1345 days for calving interval, number of services per conception and age at first calving, respectively. There was a decline in lactation milk yield and lactation length, and an increase in calving interval and age at first calving over the years. Satisfactory management and appropriate genetic improvement strategies would result in improved performance. Implications of the results for genetic improvement of the breed in Kenya are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Kenya; Milk production; Reproduction; Sahiwal cattle	Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78149404628	Comparative in vivo evaluation of the trypanocidal activities of aqueous leaf, stem-bark and root extracts of Khaya senegalensis on Trypanosoma evansi	Adeiza A.A., Mohammed A., Mamman M.	2010	Journal of Medicinal Plants Research	4	17	None	Animal Health and Husbandry Department, College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, P. M. B. 2134, Mando Road, Kaduna, Nigeria; Animal Production Technology Department, College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello Univer	Adeiza, A.A., Animal Health and Husbandry Department, College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, P. M. B. 2134, Mando Road, Kaduna, Nigeria; Mohammed, A., Animal Production Technology Department, College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, P. M. B. 2134, Mando Road, Kaduna, Nigeria; Mamman, M., National Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, Surame Road, Kaduna, Nigeria	The effects of three different parts of Khaya senegalensis, commonly used in the traditional treatment of diseases in Northern Nigeria was examined in Trypanosoma evansi infected rats. At a dose of 120 mg/ml body weight for 3 consecutive days, the aqueous stem bark extract completely suppressed parasite establishment. The dose cured the experimentally infected rats in 9 days. The aqueous leaf extract showed a weak trypanocidal activity while the stem bark extract showed the most activity that is dose dependent. The results suggested that traditional use of K. senegalensis extracts has a pharmacological basis. © 2010 Academic Journals.	In vivo; Khaya senegalensis; Parasitaemia; Trypanocidal activity; Trypanosoma evansi	alkaloid; antiprotozoal agent; carbohydrate; cardiac glycoside; diminazene aceturate; flavanoid; Khaya senegalensis extract; plant extract; samorenil; saponin; sugar; tannin derivative; terpene; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; antiprotozoal activity; article; bark; chemical composition; comparative study; controlled study; drug dose comparison; drug efficacy; drug screening; female; Khaya senegalensis; male; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant; plant leaf; plant root; plant stem; rat; surra; treatment duration; treatment response; Trypanosoma evansi; Khaya senegalensis; Rattus; Trypanosoma evansi	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349509134	Consequences of infection pressure and protein nutrition on periparturient resistance to Teladorsagia circumcincta and performance in ewes	Kidane A., Houdijk J.G.M., Tolkamp B.J., Athanasiadou S., Kyriazakis I.	2009	Veterinary Parasitology	165	42371	10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.06.039	Animal Health, SAC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG Scotland, United Kingdom; Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, PO Box 05, Awassa, Ethiopia; Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, PO Box 199, 43100 Karditsa, Greece	Kidane, A., Animal Health, SAC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG Scotland, United Kingdom, Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, PO Box 05, Awassa, Ethiopia; Houdijk, J.G.M., Animal Health, SAC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG Scotland, United Kingdom; Tolkamp, B.J., Animal Health, SAC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG Scotland, United Kingdom; Athanasiadou, S., Animal Health, SAC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG Scotland, United Kingdom; Kyriazakis, I., Animal Health, SAC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG Scotland, United Kingdom, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, PO Box 199, 43100 Karditsa, Greece	The consequences of protein nutrition on the degree of periparturient relaxation of immunity to nematode parasites in sheep may be more pronounced at higher levels of infection pressure. Here, we investigated interactive effects of metabolizable protein (MP) nutrition and infection pressure on resistance and lactational performance of ewes. Twin-rearing ewes were trickle infected with either 1000, 5000 or 10,000 infective Teladorsagia circumcincta larvae and fed either at 0.8 (low protein, LP) or 1.3 (high protein, HP) times their estimated MP requirement. Expected interactions between feeding treatment and infection pressure were not observed. Periparturient relaxation of immunity, as indicated by variation in faecal egg counts, was higher in LP ewes than in HP ewes and FEC showed an inverse relationship with infection pressure indicating possible density dependency effects on worm fecundity. Plasma pepsinogen concentration linearly increased with infection pressure. Daily total nematode egg excretion, assessed at week three of lactation, was not significantly affected by infection pressure but was reduced by 65% in HP ewes compared to LP ewes. MP supplementation improved lamb performance but had little effect on ewe body weight and plasma protein concentrations, whilst lactational performance, as judged from lamb performance, tended to be reduced with increased infection pressure. The results suggest periparturient MP supplementation to ewes reduces nematode egg excretion independent of infection pressure and improves lactational performance of parasitized ewes even in the presence of moderate MP scarcity. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Faecal egg count; Infection pressure; Metabolizable protein; Teladorsagia circumcincta	ivermectin; levacide; levamisole; pepsinogen; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; article; controlled study; ewe; feces analysis; feeding; female; fertility; infection; infection resistance; lactation; larva; nematodiasis; nonhuman; protein blood level; protein intake; rearing; sheep disease; Animals; Body Weight; Diet; Dietary Proteins; Eating; Feces; Female; Immunity, Innate; Lactation; Nematoda; Nematode Infections; Parasite Egg Count; Parturition; Pepsinogen A; Pregnancy; Random Allocation; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Ovis aries; Teladorsagia circumcincta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77949734629	Effects of maternal protein nutrition and subsequent grazing on chicory (Cichorium intybus) on parasitism and performance of lambs	Kidane A., Houdijk J.G.M., Athanasiadou S., Tolkamp B.J., Kyriazakis I.	2010	Journal of Animal Science	88	4	10.2527/jas.2009-2530	Animal Health, Scottish Agricultural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, Scotland, United Kingdom; Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, PO Box 05, Awassa, Ethiopia; Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, PO Box 199, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom	Kidane, A., Animal Health, Scottish Agricultural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, Scotland, United Kingdom, Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, PO Box 05, Awassa, Ethiopia; Houdijk, J.G.M., Animal Health, Scottish Agricultural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, Scotland, United Kingdom; Athanasiadou, S., Animal Health, Scottish Agricultural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, Scotland, United Kingdom; Tolkamp, B.J., Animal Health, Scottish Agricultural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, Scotland, United Kingdom; Kyriazakis, I., Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, PO Box 199, 43100 Karditsa, Greece, School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom	Forty-eight 4- to 5-yr-old Blackface × Bluefaced Leicester (Mule) ewes and their 24-d-old twin lambs were used to assess the effects of maternal protein nutrition and subsequent grazing on chicory (Cichorium intybus) on performance and parasitism. The experiment consisted of 2 grazing periods: safe pasture period and experimental pasture period. During an adaptation period of 66 d, ewes were infected through oral dosing with Teladorsagia circumcincta infective larvae (3 d per wk) and were supplemented with protein (HP) or not (LP) for the last 45 d of this period. At the end of this period, ewes and their lambs were turned out onto a parasitologically safe pasture; all ewes continued to be dosed with parasite (once a week), and HP ewes received protein supplementation for the first 35 d. Ewes and lambs grazed the safe pasture for an additional 43 d after termination of protein supplementation and of oral dosing with parasites. Ewes and their lambs were then moved onto newly established experimental pastures sown with chicory or grass/clover (Lolium perenne/Trifolium repens). During the safe pasture period, HP ewes had decreased fecal egg counts (FEC) compared with LP ewes, whereas HP lambs had temporarily less (P < 0.05) FEC, decreased (P < 0.001) plasma pepsinogen concentrations, and grew faster (P = 0.028) than LP lambs. Lambs grazing chicory had consistently less (P < 0.001) FEC and grew faster (P = 0.013) than lambs grazing grass/clover but had greater (P < 0.001) concentrations of pepsinogen. Pasture larvae counts were decreased (P = 0.07) for the chicory compared with the grass/clover plots. There were no interactions (P > 0.10) between maternal nutrition and grazed forage type on performance or parasitological measurements. Our results suggest that increased maternal protein nutrition and subsequent grazing of chicory independently improve lamb performance and reduce lamb parasitism. © 2010 American Society of Animal Science.	Chicory; Fecal egg count; Lamb performance; Metabolizable protein; Teladorsagia circumcincta	pepsinogen; serum albumin; animal; animal food; animal husbandry; article; blood; chicory; diet supplementation; female; growth, development and aging; male; Medicago; parasite identification; parasitology; pathophysiology; physiology; protein intake; sheep; sheep disease; Animal Husbandry; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Chicory; Dietary Proteins; Dietary Supplements; Female; Male; Medicago; Parasite Egg Count; Pepsinogen A; Serum Albumin; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Cichorium intybus; Lolium; Ovis aries; Teladorsagia circumcincta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57049169698	The comparison of three β-agonists for growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of feedlot cattle	Strydom P.E., Frylinck L., Montgomery J.L., Smith M.F.	2009	Meat Science	81	3	10.1016/j.meatsci.2008.10.011	Animal Nutrition and Animal Products Institute (ANPI), Agricultural Research Council of South Africa, Private Bag X2, Irene, 0062, South Africa; Intervet a Part of Schering-Plough Corporation, 29160 Intervet Lane, Millsboro, DE 19966, United States; Biometry Unit, Agricultural Research Council of South Africa, Private Bag X519, Silverton 0127, South Africa	Strydom, P.E., Animal Nutrition and Animal Products Institute (ANPI), Agricultural Research Council of South Africa, Private Bag X2, Irene, 0062, South Africa; Frylinck, L., Animal Nutrition and Animal Products Institute (ANPI), Agricultural Research Council of South Africa, Private Bag X2, Irene, 0062, South Africa; Montgomery, J.L., Intervet a Part of Schering-Plough Corporation, 29160 Intervet Lane, Millsboro, DE 19966, United States; Smith, M.F., Biometry Unit, Agricultural Research Council of South Africa, Private Bag X519, Silverton 0127, South Africa	Forty-eight Bonsmara steers were assigned to three treatment groups and one control group consisting of 12 animals each. The control (C) received no β-agonist, while the three treatment groups received zilpaterol (6 ppm) (Z), ractopamine (30 ppm) (R) or clenbuterol (2 ppm) (Cl) for the last thirty days on feed. Growth performance (final 30 days), USDA quality and yield grades and meat quality (shear force, chemical, histological and biochemical) were compared for the three β-agonist and control groups. Animals responded negatively to Cl treatment during initial stages of supplementation, which was evident in lower feed consumption and initial growth rates. For carcass growth and yield, Cl had greater and more efficient growth rates, higher dressed out yields (proportional), lower USDA yield grades, and reduced marbling compared with C (P < 0.05). For meat quality measurements, the M. longissimus (LL) and M. semitendinosus (ST) were sampled. Cl had the greatest effect (P < 0.05) on WBSF, especially on the LL, followed by Z. Variation in tenderness and ageing effects corresponded with variation in calpastatin activity and myofibrillar fragmentation between treatment groups. While zilpaterol and ractopamine are currently the only products registered for cattle in different countries, it seems that zilpaterol has an advantage in carcass growth efficiency and yield without showing any adaptation problems for animals such as experienced by the more aggressive β-agonist clenbuterol. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	β-Agonist; Beef; Calpain; Drip loss; Myofibril fragment length; Tenderness	Animalia; Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860997847	Performance and carcass characteristics of broilers fed five different commercial vitamin-mineral premixes in Ibadan, Nigeria	Ogunwole O.A., Kolade E.O., Taiwo B.A.	2012	International Journal of Poultry Science	11	2	None	Animal Nutrition Unit, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Ogunwole, O.A., Animal Nutrition Unit, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Kolade, E.O., Animal Nutrition Unit, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Taiwo, B.A., Animal Nutrition Unit, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The relative efficacy of five proprietary vitamin-mineral premixes on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens was undertaken in a trial lasting six weeks at the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. A total of two hundred and eighty eight 1-day broiler chicks of Abor acre strain were randomly allotted to six dietary treatments of forty eight chicks per treatment. Each treatment was a triplicate of sixteen chicks per replicate. Six isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were formulated. Diet 1 (T1) was the control without any premix. Other diets were supplemented appropriately with 0.25% Daramvita (T2), Biorganics (T3), Hinutrients (T4), Optimix (T5) and DSM Nutripoults (T6). The experimental diets were offered to the respective birds with water given ad libitum. The design of the experiment was a completely randomized design. The feed conversion ratio of birds on T3, T4, T5 and T6 were 2.64, 2.58, 2.61 and 2.57 respectively and were significantly different (p<0.05) from those on T1 (3.62) and T2 (3.35). The obtained live, bled and defeathered weights and dressing percentage values of broilers varied significantly (p<0.05) with the type of vitamin-mineral premix used while values of other primal cuts were statistically similar (p>0.05). Performance and carcass indices indicated variable potency and efficacy of the evaluated proprietary vitamin-mineral premixes in Ibadan, Nigeria. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2012.	Broiler production; Dressing percentage; Premix efficacy and potency; Primal cuts; Proprietary vitamin-mineral premixes	Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749016456	Growth and reproductive performance of West African Dwarf sheep fed endophyte-infected maize stover supplemented with soybean meal	Gbore F.A., Ewuola E.O., Ogunlade J.T.	2006	Livestock Research for Rural Development	18	9	None	Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba, Akoko, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production and Health, Universi	Gbore, F.A., Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba, Akoko, Nigeria; Ewuola, E.O., Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ogunlade, J.T., Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding endophyte-infected maize stover on growth and reproductive parameters of West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep. In a six weeks feeding trial, twenty-one individually caged growing WAD sheep were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments in a Randomized Complete Block Design. Treatment 1 (NF = control) consisted of diet with healthy maize stover without Fusarium inoculation while treatments 2 and 3 consisted of diets with slight (SF) and high (HF) Fusarium-infected maize stover respectively. The mean daily dry matter intake was significantly (P<0.05) higher in animals fed the control diet when compared with animals fed the test diets. The mean daily weight gain of the animals fed diet HF was significantly (P<0.05) lower. The feed conversion ratio revealed that it will take 3.76 kg of the highly-infected stover (HF) to produce the same unit weight of meat that was produced by 2.12 kg of healthy maize stover (NF). The mean relative kidney weight tended to decline with an increase in the level of Fusarium infection. The reproductive parameters examined were not significantly different among the treatments. The results suggest that ingestion of Fusarium-infected maize stover by sheep for a short time will depress dry matter intake and weight gain without adverse effect on the organ traits and reproductive potential.	Endophyte-infected maize stover; Growth; Reproductive performance; Sheep	Animalia; Fusarium; Glycine max; Ovis aries; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892578494	Competitive forces influencing business performance of bicycle Taxis in Kisumu City, Kenya	Kokwaro P.L., Ajowi J.O., Kokwaro E.A.	2013	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	4	2	10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n2p719	Box 30-40100, Kisumu, Kenya; School of Education, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga, University of Science and Technology, Kenya; Jaramogi Oginga Odinga, University of Science and Technology, Box 210 - 40601, Bondo, Kenya	Kokwaro, P.L., Box 30-40100, Kisumu, Kenya; Ajowi, J.O., School of Education, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga, University of Science and Technology, Kenya; Kokwaro, E.A., Jaramogi Oginga Odinga, University of Science and Technology, Box 210 - 40601, Bondo, Kenya	Whether domestically or globally, transport is the movement of people, goods and services from one place to another. It enables trade between people and organizations. Globally, transport is the key necessity for specialization. Domestically, not only is Kenya connected by various categories of transport infrastructure but even by different modes, each competing with the other to get the better of the market. In Kisumu City, for example, there is fierce business competition among minivans, locally known as matatus, rick - shaws, referred to in Kenya as tuk-tuks, motor cycles and bicycle taxis. Started in 1960s in Busia County along the Kenya/Uganda border, the bicycle taxis are significantly affected by the current business competition. Before this study commenced, a preliminary survey in April, 2011 indicated that the number of bicycle taxis in Kisumu City had dropped by 61%. Whereas the decline had been variously attributed to the threat of substitutes, new entrants, consumer bargaining power, supplier bargaining power and rivalry among the current competitors, it was not clear which factors influenced the decline and to what extent. Neither had there been any study done to establish the cause of the decline. This study intended to determine competitive forces influencing the business performance of bicycle taxis in Kisumu City. The study used Porter's Five Forces Framework, which analyses industry competition. Also, this study used cross sectional survey design to analyze and discover occurrences, since the researcher's intention was to describe events without manipulating variables. The study population was 632 bicycle taxi riders, 28 of whom came from the lake Market cluster, 90 in the stage market, 26 in Varsity plaza area and 77 in the Oile/Coca Cola square cluster. There were 99 in A-Z Anvi Emporium Cluster, 188 from Kibuye market cluster and 124 from Kondele cluster. A sample of 90 was obtained for analyzing bicycle taxi-riders in Kisumu City. Primary data was obtained through the administration of structured and semi structured questionnaires of the sample of 90 taxi-riders. Secondary data was obtained from journals, publications and from records of the Municipal Council of Kisumu. Quantitative data was analyzed using Chi square and Percentage techniques. The key findings of this study was that 60.97% of bicycle taxi riders in Kisumu City considered substitutes as the main competitive threat. The next most important competitive forces influencing business performance were new entrants at 57.31%, customer bargaining power at 52.43% and rivalry among current competitors at 42.68% respectively. The significance of this study is that it adds towards knowledge about the relevance of Porter's Five Forces Framework to small-scale business industries in developing countries like Kenya. Stakeholders in public transport, like the Government and researchers with an interest to improve public transport would also find this study useful. This study concludes that substitute public transport services are the major competitive threat to bicycle taxis in Kisumu City.	Business performance; Kisumu City; Public transport	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34047170305	Effects of replacing maize with sun-dried cassava waste meal on growth performance and carcass characteristics of meat type rabbit	Olorunsanya B., Ayoola M.A., Fayeye T.R., Olagunju T.A., Olorunsanya E.O.	2007	Livestock Research for Rural Development	19	4	None	Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Olorunsanya, B., Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Ayoola, M.A., Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Fayeye, T.R., Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Olagunju, T.A., Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Olorunsanya, E.O., Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Thirty rabbits of mixed sexes with an average initial weight of 600g were used to evaluate the effect of replacing maize with sun dried cassava waste meal on growth performance and carcass characteristics of rabbits. Five experimental isonitrogenous (18%cp) diets were formulated such that sun dried cassava waste replace maize at 0%, 25%, 75% and 100%. The rabbits were randomly allocated to these 5 isonitrogenous diets. Each dietary treatment consists of 2 replicates with 3 rabbits in each replicate. Water and feed were provided ad-libitum throughout the experimental period of 91 days. The result shows that dietary treatment did not have effect on feed in take, average daily weight gain, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics. The cost of producing a unit weight of rabbit was greatly reduced by replacing maize with cassava waste meal. Cassava waste meal may therefore be used instead of maize in rabbit diets to reduce cost of feed and the heavy dependence on maize in animal feeding.	Carcass characteristics; Cassava waste; Growth performance; Rabbit	Animalia; Manihot esculenta; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905223536	Evaluation of three vacuum packaging methods for retail beef loin cuts	Strydom P.E., Hope-Jones M.	2014	Meat Science	98	4	10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.05.030	Animal Production Institute, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa	Strydom, P.E., Animal Production Institute, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa; Hope-Jones, M., Animal Production Institute, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa	Meat from beef T-bone cuts was packaged as follows: (1) Sub-primal cuts vacuum packaged (VP) in shrink bags, aged for 14 days, portioned, VP again and aged for a further 7 days (VPR), (2) individual T-bone steaks VP in shrink bags aged for 21 days (VPP), and (3) individual T-bone steaks aged in vacuum-skin packaging (VSP) for 21 days. VSP recorded less purge and showed higher oxymyoglobin values after 2 days and higher chroma after 3 days of aerobic display (P < 0.001) than VPR and VPP. Similar differences in colour stability were recorded for VPP compared to VPR. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Colour; Purge; Tenderness; Vacuum packaging; Vacuum-skin packaging	Bone; Color; Purging; Purging; Colour stability; Tenderness; Vacuum packaging; Beef; Color; analysis; animal; bovine; color; food packaging; food quality; meat; pigmentation; procedures; skeletal muscle; vacuum; Animals; Cattle; Color; Food Packaging; Food Quality; Meat; Muscle, Skeletal; Pigmentation; Vacuum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872167285	Lactation performance of multiparous holstein cows fed a restricted total mixed ration plus legume and grass hay mixture	Muya M.C., Nherera R.V., Khekana T., Ramapuptla T.	2011	Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances	10	14	10.3923/javaa.2011.1779.1784	Animal Production Institute, Agricultural Research Council, South Africa; Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Pretoria, South Africa	Muya, M.C., Animal Production Institute, Agricultural Research Council, South Africa; Nherera, R.V., Animal Production Institute, Agricultural Research Council, South Africa; Khekana, T., Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Pretoria, South Africa; Ramapuptla, T., Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Pretoria, South Africa	This study was done to evaluate the effects of restricting Total Mixed Ration (TMR)and supplying Eragrostis curvula and Medicago sativa hay mixture adlib on lactation performance of mid-lactation multiparous Holstein cows. Twenty Holstein cows, averaging 598±73 kg body weight and 100 days in milk were assigned to either a 100% TJ\1R diet (control) or a 75% TMR-restricted diet. Cows on the 75% TMR-restricted diet had adlib access to E. curvula and M. sativa hay mixture (1: 1). The experiment included 2 weeks adaptation period and 4 weeks samphng period. Cows were milked twice daily. Total Dry Matter Intake (DMI), DMI as BW%, daily CP intake and intake of net energy for lactation were higher (p&lt;O.05) for cows on the 100% TMR than for cows on the 75% TMR. Cows in 75% TMR consumed 12.5% less total DM and 14.2% less kg DM as of BW% than cows ni 100% TMR Intake of NDF was not affected (p&gt;0.05) by treatment. Milk yield, milk fat% and yield (kg day-1) did not differ between treatments and averaged 29.2 kg day-1,3.70% and 1.08 kg, respectively. Feed efficiency ranged from 1.22-1.37 and tended to be higher (p&lt;0.10) with 75% TMR diet. Efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorous utilisation was not affected (p&gt;0.05) by treatments. Results suggest that TMR restriction to 75% during mid-lactation does not negatively impact milk production. © Medwell Journals, 2011.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646674295	Effects of dietary replacement of maize with malted or unmalted sorghum on the performance of weaner rabbits	Abubakar M., Doma U.D., Kalla D.J.U., Ngele M.B., Augustine C.L.D.	2006	Livestock Research for Rural Development	18	5	None	Animal Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; VeterinaryHospital, Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria	Abubakar, M., Animal Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Doma, U.D., Animal Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Kalla, D.J.U., Animal Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Ngele, M.B., Animal Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Augustine, C.L.D., VeterinaryHospital, Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria	A feeding trial was conducted using twenty-one, 8 to 9 weeks old weaner rabbits allotted to three groups of seven animals each in a completely randomized design. The study which lasted for six weeks was undertaken to investigate the effects of dietary replacement of maize as a source of energy with malted or un-malted sorghum on the performance of the animals. The rabbits fed malted sorghum based diet had a similar dry matter intake to those on the maize based diet, but significantly higher than those on the unmalted sorghum based diet. All the animals gained weight, at rates similar across the treatments, indicating that the intake of energy and proteins were well above maintenance requirements. The best feed efficiency was recorded for rabbits fed on the malted sorghum based diet. The financial analysis revealed that feed cost per kg body weight gain was lowest for animals on the malted and unmalted sorghum based diets. It is concluded that malted or unmalted sorghum could effectively replace maize as a source of energy in diets for weaner rabbits without any adverse effects on performance and with reduced cost of feed per kg body weight gain.	Maize; Performance; Rabbits; Sorghum	Animalia; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36448936420	Evaluation of some factors affecting milk composition of indigenous goats in Nigeria	Zahraddeen D., Butswat I.S.R., Mbap S.T.	2007	Livestock Research for Rural Development	19	11	None	Animal Production Programme, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P.M.B.0248, Bauchi, Nigeria	Zahraddeen, D., Animal Production Programme, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P.M.B.0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Butswat, I.S.R., Animal Production Programme, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P.M.B.0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Mbap, S.T., Animal Production Programme, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P.M.B.0248, Bauchi, Nigeria	This study was carried out at the Research Farm of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria (October 2003 - May 2006) to evaluate some factors (breed, season, stage of lactation and parity) affecting goat milk composition. The results showed that per cent crude protein, fat, lactose and total solid contents were significantly (P<0.05) affected by breed; with pH and ash contents differed non-significantly in the three breeds. The percentages of crude protein, fat and lactose contents were significantly (P<0.001) different in the four stages of lactation (colostrum, early, mid and late), while the differences in the total solid, pH and ash contents were not affected by the lactation stages. There were seasonal (P<0.001) variations in the per cent fat and lactose contents; with crude protein, total solid, pH and ash contents being not influenced by the two seasons (dry and wet). Similarly, fat and lactose contents showed significant (P<0.001) parity effects; with the crude protein, total solid, pH and ash values differed non-significantly in the three parities (first, second and third). It is therefore concluded that the goat milk composition studied is comparable to the levels obtained in improved goats reported elsewhere. It is therefore suggested that improvement in the goat milk composition of the local breeds can be made through improved management and cross-breeding with higher-yielding local or exotic goats.	Breed; Lactation stage; Parity; Season	Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952601356	Chemical evaluation of the nutritive quality of pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]	Akande K.E., Abubakar M.M., Adegbola T.A., Bogoro S.E., Doma U.D.	2010	International Journal of Poultry Science	9	1	None	Animal Production Programme, School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, P.M.B0248, Bauchi State, Nigeria	Akande, K.E., Animal Production Programme, School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, P.M.B0248, Bauchi State, Nigeria; Abubakar, M.M., Animal Production Programme, School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, P.M.B0248, Bauchi State, Nigeria; Adegbola, T.A., Animal Production Programme, School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, P.M.B0248, Bauchi State, Nigeria; Bogoro, S.E., Animal Production Programme, School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, P.M.B0248, Bauchi State, Nigeria; Doma, U.D., Animal Production Programme, School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, P.M.B0248, Bauchi State, Nigeria	This study was carried out to evaluate the proximate and amino acid compositions of samples of raw and roasted pigeon pea seeds. The following range of values were obtained for dry matter (95.89-96.34%), crude protein (21.03-21.07%), crude fat (4.43-5.96%), crude fibre (7.16-7.52%) and ash (3.76-4.02%) respectively for the raw and roasted seeds of pigeon pea. While values for nitrogen free extract ranged from 57.77-59.51% for the roasted and raw pigeon pea seeds respectively. Results from the amino acid analysis revealed that some amino acids like arginine, aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, leucine and tyrosine had their concentration in the seeds increased with heat processing, while other amino acids were not. On the whole, the concentration of glutamic acid was found to be the highest in the pigeon pea, with a value of 14.21 g/16 gN for the roasted seeds. Lysine showed the highest concentration among the indispensable amino acids (7.79 g/16 gN for the raw seeds and 7.55 g/16 gN for the roasted seeds). Pigeon pea seed was found to be deficient in the sulphur-containing amino acids (cystine and methionine). © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Amino acid; Composition; Evaluation; Pigeon pea; Proximate	Cajanus cajan	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958009248	Sesbania sesban as a fodder tree in Ethiopian livestock farming systems. Feeding practices and farmers' perception of feeding effects on sheep performance	Oosting S.J., Mekoya A., Fernandez-Rivera S., van der Zijpp A.J.	2011	Livestock Science	139	42371	10.1016/j.livsci.2011.03.009	Animal Production Systems Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands; International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Oosting, S.J., Animal Production Systems Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands; Mekoya, A., Animal Production Systems Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands; Fernandez-Rivera, S., International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; van der Zijpp, A.J., Animal Production Systems Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands	Sesbania sesban is one of the exotic multipurpose fodder trees introduced in the Ethiopian highlands for livestock feed and soil conservation. Several on-station studies showed that supplementation with Sesbania improved intake and digestibility of basal diet and growth rate of animals. However, information about farmers' feeding practices of Sesbania and farmers' perception of the effect of Sesbania feeding on animal performance is limited. The present study was conducted to assess farmers' feeding practices and their perception about effects of Sesbania supplementation on sheep performance in annual (one wheat-based (WheatCL) and one teff-based (TeffCL)) and perennial (coffee-based (CoffeeCL)) crop-based livestock systems in the Ethiopian Highlands. Data were collected from 98 households by interviews using a structured questionnaire. Farmers had on average 6.9. years of experience using Sesbania as a cut and carry supplementary feed. Farmers in the WheatCL and TeffCL fed Sesbania throughout the dry season while farmers in the CoffeeCL had no specific season for feeding Sesbania. Farmers in WheatCL and TeffCL offered significantly (P < 0.05) more frequently and a higher quantity per feeding of Sesbania than farmers in CoffeeCL. Most farmers perceived increased lamb birth weight and increased body weight gain, earlier onset of puberty, and improved pregnancy rate of ewes and rams' libido. Perceived improvement was significantly more (P < 0.05) in WheatCL and TeffCL than in CoffeeCL. We concluded that Sesbania was appreciated across farming systems for its feeding value. The marginal advantage of Sesbania was lowest in the CoffeeCL with relatively good availability of good quality feeds compared to the WheatCL and TeffCL, which explains the less positive perception of production and reproductive performance of Sesbania feeding in CoffeeCL. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Ethiopia; Farmers' practices; Sesbania sesban; Sheep; Supplementation	Animalia; Eragrostis tef; Ovis aries; Sesbania; Sesbania sesban; Triticum aestivum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70450170551	Performance of Djallonke lambs raised under various management systems in Ghana	Baiden R.Y., Duncan J.L.	2009	Livestock Research for Rural Development	21	11	None	Animal Research Institute, Box AH20, Achimota, Accra, Ghana	Baiden, R.Y., Animal Research Institute, Box AH20, Achimota, Accra, Ghana; Duncan, J.L., Animal Research Institute, Box AH20, Achimota, Accra, Ghana	One of the major production traits of interest to sheep farmers in Ghana is lamb growth rate, as it determines how quickly they can make return on their investment. However, the rate of growth and milk production of ruminants grazing natural pastures in Ghana are generally low. This could be enhanced through proper feeding management systems. The current study therefore looked at the growth performance of Djallonke lambs under four feeding management systems, NS (No supplement), S-L (Supplement to lambs) S-D (Supplement to dam) and S-LD (Supplement to both dam and lamb). It also compared the cost of production under the various systems. Daily live weight gain of lambs increased by 62.73% when both dam and lamb were supplemented (S-LD) compared to the control group (NS). The cost of concentrate per unit marginal live weight gain was similar for S-LD and S-D. The findings of this study suggested that to enhance live weight gain of Djallonke lambs during the pre-weaning period farmers must attend to the feeding needs of both the dam and lamb.	Feed; Live weight; Marginal cost; Sheep; Supplement	Bovidae; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904323956	Growth performance of feedlot weaners cattle fed diet containing different levels of cold press soya bean oilcake	Chipa M.J., Siebrits F.K., Ratsaka M.M., Leeuw K.-J., Nkosi B.D.	2010	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	40	5SUPPL.1	None	ARC-Animal Production Institute, Private Bag X 2, Irene 0062, South Africa; Department of Animal Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X 680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Chipa, M.J., ARC-Animal Production Institute, Private Bag X 2, Irene 0062, South Africa; Siebrits, F.K., Department of Animal Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X 680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Ratsaka, M.M.; Leeuw, K.-J.; Nkosi, B.D.	The value of cold press soya bean oil cake (CPSBOC) as the source of protein in beef cattle was evaluated. CPSBOC was included in the diets of beef weaners at different levels i.e. 0%, 6%, 13% and 20%. The control diet contained cotton seed oil cake (CSOC) as a protein source. The diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous. A total of 40 weaners (20 heifers and 20 steers) at an average weight of 192.3 ± 20 kg were used. The experiment was a randomized block design with ten replicates per treatment and was conducted over 98 days. The group mass of the steers (700 ± 7.80 kg) was significantly heavier when compared with the heifers (6480 ± 7.80 kg). The average daily gain (ADG) (1.5 ± 2.72) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (5.5 ± 0.051) of the steers was significantly better than the heifers (1.35 ± 2.72 and 5.7 ± 0.051, respectively) while the steers consume more feed (8.2 ± 14.4 kg) per day as compared to the 7.4 ± 14.4 kg consumed by heifers. The weaners that were fed the diet containing 6% and 13% inclusion of CPSBOC grew significantly better than the other treatments. According to this study, an inclusion level of CPSBOC of between 6 and 13% will yield suitable growth in feedlot cattle. More research is needed to determine the optimum inclusion level of CPSBOC. © South African Society for Animal Science.	Feed conversion ratio; Feed intake; Growth; Heifers; Steers	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33847689867	Performance of West African Dwarf sheep and goats fed varying levels of cassava pulp as a replacement for cassava peels	Baiden R.Y., Rhule S.W.A., Otsyina H.R., Sottie E.T., Ameleke G.	2007	Livestock Research for Rural Development	19	3	None	Animal Research Institute, Box AH20, Achimota, Ghana	Baiden, R.Y., Animal Research Institute, Box AH20, Achimota, Ghana; Rhule, S.W.A., Animal Research Institute, Box AH20, Achimota, Ghana; Otsyina, H.R., Animal Research Institute, Box AH20, Achimota, Ghana; Sottie, E.T., Animal Research Institute, Box AH20, Achimota, Ghana; Ameleke, G., Animal Research Institute, Box AH20, Achimota, Ghana	Cassava pulp, a by product from the starch industry, was evaluated as a substitute for cassava peels in diets for sheep and goats. Inclusion levels of 15% and 30% pulp in the diet had no significant effect (P>0.05) on feed intake, digestibility, growth rate, feed conversion ratio and carcass weight. Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) values were significantly higher (P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively) for sheep on the 15% (PCV 34.3%; Hb 11.8g/100ml) and 30% (PCV 34.5%; Hb 11.4g/100ml) pulp diets compared to those on the 0% (PCV 28.5%; Hb 9.00g/100ml) pulp diet.	Carcass characteristics; Cassava pulp; Digestibility; Feed intake; Growth rate; Haematological values; West Africa Dwarf goats; West African Dwarf sheep	Capra hircus; Manihot esculenta; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45849108294	Performance of indigenous beef cattle under two management systems at Pokuase, Ghana	Baiden R.Y., Duncan L.	2008	Livestock Research for Rural Development	20	6	None	Animal Research Institute, PO Box AH20, Achimota, Ghana	Baiden, R.Y., Animal Research Institute, PO Box AH20, Achimota, Ghana; Duncan, L., Animal Research Institute, PO Box AH20, Achimota, Ghana	A study was conducted to investigate the performance of a mixture of N'dama x West African Shorthorn (WASH) cattle (6 to 15 weeks old) raised under a traditional management system and an improved system (cut and carry plus supplementation with agro-industrial byproducts) at the Pokuase Research Station of the Animal Research Institute, Ghana, from March 2006 to February 2007. The performance parameters studied were live weight change, feed intake and the economics of production. Calves on the improved system outperformed (P = 0.001) those on the traditional system in terms of live weight gain. Calves in both treatment groups performed at par in terms of live weight change till the first week in September after which those in the traditional system slowed down comparatively. Those on the improved system exhibited a relatively steady gain in live weight. Revenue measured in terms of the product of live weight gain and the prevailing market price per kilogram live weight was higher for the improved system resulting in an overall higher gross margin for the improved system. Nevertheless, considering the return on investment farmers may be tempted to continue using the traditional system. N'dama x WASH calves could be raised indoors under improved nutrition and management practices to enhance live weight gain. This work thus provides a window for landless livestock farmers in creating wealth; as animals could be raised in confinement with some return on investment.	Benefit cost ratio; Live weight change	Animalia; Bos; Dama	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750807946	Evaluation of poultry litter as feedstuff for growing rabbits	Onimisi P.A., Omage J.J.	2006	Livestock Research for Rural Development	18	11	None	Animal Science Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru Zaria, Nigeria	Onimisi, P.A., Animal Science Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru Zaria, Nigeria; Omage, J.J., Animal Science Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru Zaria, Nigeria	Twenty five eight weeks old growing rabbits of mixed breeds and sexes were used to evaluate the nutritive value of poultry litter (PL) by a graded level substitution of maize and soyabeans in the diet. There were five dietary treatments with five rabbits per treatment housed individually in cages in complete randomization. The treatment diets contained 0, 8, 16, 24, and 32% level of PL respectively. The rabbits were fed the treatment diets for the 8 weeks period of the experiment. Average daily weight gain and feed to gain ratio were not statistically different among the dietary treatments. It may be concluded from the results of this experiment that poultry litter could replace up to 32% of maize - soyabeans in rabbit diets without detrimental effects on growth performance.	Growing rabbits; Growth performance; Poultry litter	Oryctolagus cuniculus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55849126193	Effect of decorticated fermented prosopis seed meal (Prosopis africana) on growth performance of broiler chicken	Yusuf N.D., Ogah D.M., Hassan D.I., Musa M.M., Doma U.D.	2008	International Journal of Poultry Science	7	11	10.3923/ijps.2008.1054.1057	Animal Science Department, College of Agriculture, P.M.B. 033, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Animal Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P.M.B. 0248, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria	Yusuf, N.D., Animal Science Department, College of Agriculture, P.M.B. 033, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Ogah, D.M., Animal Science Department, College of Agriculture, P.M.B. 033, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Hassan, D.I., Animal Science Department, College of Agriculture, P.M.B. 033, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Musa, M.M., Animal Science Department, College of Agriculture, P.M.B. 033, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Doma, U.D., Animal Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P.M.B. 0248, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria	Two hundred and forty 7 days old Anak 2000 broiler chicks were used to determine the growth rate and economic of broiler fed decorticated fermented Prosopis africana seed meal (DFPSM). Five experimental diets containing 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% DFPSM replacement levels for full fat soybean meal were fed to broiler for 8 weeks. The experiments were in a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments, each replicated four times with 48 birds per treatment and 12 birds per replicate. The average live weight of broiler ranged from 2500-2850g in each dietary group and were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by dietary treatment, similarly the growth rate and feed conversion ratio were also significantly affected by the dietary treatment (P < 0.05). The study indicate that 20% inclusion of DFPSM with soybean meal could be used in a broiler diet. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008.	Animal protein; Broiler diet; Developing countries; Fermented Prosopis africana seed meal	Animalia; Aves; Glycine max; Prosopis; Prosopis africana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959582694	Effects of fractionation and combinatorial evaluation of Tamarindus indica fractions for antibacterial activity	Nwodo U.U., Iroegbu C.U., Ngene A.A., Chigor V.N., Okoh A.I.	2011	Molecules	16	6	10.3390/molecules16064818	Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Departme	Nwodo, U.U., Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Iroegbu, C.U., Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ngene, A.A., Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Chigor, V.N., Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Okoh, A.I., Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	Six fractions, named TiA - TiF, were obtained by fractionating the crude ethanol extract of the stem bark of Tamarindus indica using column chromatographic techniques. On TLC, fraction TiB showed five bands, TiC three bands, while TiD and TiE showed two bands each. TiC, TiD and TiE were re-eluted with different solvent systems to yield two fractions each, while TiB yielded four. These subfractions were designated B1-B4; C1-C2; D1-D2 and E1-E2, respectively. Tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids, among other components, were detected, albeit in different proportions with respect to fractions and subfractions and were compartmentalized with respect to the solvent systems used. The in vitro antibacterial activity of fractions and subfractions was tested separately and in combinations using the agar well diffusion technique. The susceptibly of test strains (expressed as %) were: 83.3% (TiA and TiB), 75.0% (crude extract and TiC), 66.7% (TiD), 50.0% (TiE) and 16.7% (TiF) when used singly, whereas in combination, the corresponding susceptibilities were 100% (CE), 83.3% (DE), 66.7% (AB, AF, BC, BD, DE and EF), 50% (AC and CD), 33.3% (BE and BF) and 16.7% (AD) against Gram negative bacteria strains and 100% (EF), 80% (DE), 60% (AB, BC and CE), 40% (AC, BD, BF, CF and DF) and 20% (AE, AF, BE and CD) against Gram positive strains. Percentage susceptibility with combinatorial use of re-fractions ranged from 85.7-57.1% and 60-40% against Gram negative and positive strains (TiB subfractions), respectively, 100-85.7% and 40-0% against Gram negative and positive strains (TiC, TiD and TiE sub-fractions). © 2011 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.	Antibacterial activity; Combinatorial assay; Phytochemistry; Solvent system; Subfraction; Thin layer chromatography	antiinfective agent; plant extract; article; chemistry; drug effect; fractionation; Gram negative bacterium; Gram positive bacterium; plant stem; tamarind; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chemical Fractionation; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Plant Extracts; Plant Stems; Tamarindus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57149097075	Research note: Inclusion of lablab in maize and sorghum silages improves sheep performance	Ngongoni N.T., Mwale M., Mapiye C., Moyo M.T., Hamudikuwanda H., Titterton M.	2008	Tropical Grasslands	42	3	None	Animal Science Department, University of Zimbabwe, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa; Department of Livestock and Wildlife Management, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe; Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	Ngongoni, N.T., Animal Science Department, University of Zimbabwe, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mwale, M., Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa, Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Mapiye, C., Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa; Moyo, M.T., Department of Livestock and Wildlife Management, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe; Hamudikuwanda, H., Animal Science Department, University of Zimbabwe, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Titterton, M., Animal Science Department, University of Zimbabwe, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	An experiment was conducted to determine intake and liveweight gain of sheep fed maize, sorghum, lablab-maize and lablab-sorghum silages (20 and 40% lablab) in a completely randomised design with 6 treatments. The maize and sorghum were mixed with lablab before ensiling and the silages were fed to sheep for 21 days. Silage intake increased with increase in legume inclusion level (P<0.05). Intake of maize-based silages was higher than that of sorghum-based silages. While sheep fed the straight cereal diets lost weight, liveweight change improved as the level of lablab inclusion increased (P<0.05). The findings confirm that legume inclusion with maize and sorghum forages when ensiling improves silage intake and enhances ruminant animal performance. Long-term feeding experiments using a combination of cereals and legumes with different ruminant species are required to validate these preliminary findings.	None	Animalia; Bovidae; Lablab; Ovis aries; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548694553	Evaluation of cereal-legume intercropped forages for smallholder dairy production in Zimbabwe	Ngongoni N.T., Mwale M., Mapiye C., Moyo M.T., Hamudikuwanda H., Titterton M.	2007	Livestock Research for Rural Development	19	9	None	Animal Science Department, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Department of Livestock and Wildlife Management, Midlands State University, P. Bag 9055, Gweru, Zimbabwe	Ngongoni, N.T., Animal Science Department, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mwale, M., Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Mapiye, C., Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Moyo, M.T., Department of Livestock and Wildlife Management, Midlands State University, P. Bag 9055, Gweru, Zimbabwe; Hamudikuwanda, H., Animal Science Department, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Titterton, M., Animal Science Department, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	A study was conducted at Henderson Research Station in Mazoe, Zimbabwe to assess the establishment, persistence, yield and nutritive quality of cereal and ley legumes sole crops and cereal-legume intercrops on sandy and clay soils. Four cereals, maize and three sorghum varieties; Jumbo, Pan 888 and Sugargraze, and five legume varieties Vigna unguiculata, (Cow pea) Lablab pupureus (Lablab), Crotolaria juncea (Sunnhemp), Glycine max (Soyabean) and Lupinus albus (Lupin) were used. A 2 x 4 x 5 factorial experiment in a split-split plot design with soil type as the main plot factor, cereal as the sub-plot factor and legume as sub-sub-plot factor was used. Total herbage yields were significantly higher on the clay than sandy soil, with yield ranging from 8.0 to 11.0 t/ha Dry matter (DM) and 1.0 to 5.6 t/ha DM, respectively. On intercrops legumes contributed 14-69% of the total herbage yield for sandy soils (P < 0.05). On clay soil, legume contribution was low ranging from 3-30%. The dry matter yield for cereals grown on the sandy soil was 22-34% of clay soil yields. Cowpea, lablab and sunnhemp sandy soil yields ranged from 44-60% of the clay soil yield. Soybean performed poorly on the sandy soil whilst lupin did so in both sites. Sandy soil forage tended to have significantly higher DM, Water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and fibre contents and low Crude protein (CP) contents than those grown on clay soil. Maize and Jumbo had higher yields than Pan 888 and Sugargraze (P < 0.05). Cowpea, lablab and sunnhemp had higher yields than lupin and soybean (P < 0.05). Intercropping of cereals and legumes is commendable for the increase of nutrient quality particularly the crude protein content of cereals on clay soils. However, the matching has to be thoroughly done to avoid mixing forages that may hinder each other from the access of nutrients, chiefly sunlight. Therefore, farmers are recommended to use cereal-legume intercrops especially maize or sorghum and cowpea and or lablab to enhance dry season feed availability.	Cereal; Intercrop; Legume; Nutritive quality; Persistence; Yield; Zimbabwe	Crotalaria juncea; Glycine max; Lablab; Lupinus albus; Pisum sativum; Vigna unguiculata; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80455174369	Non-genetic factors affecting growth performance and carcass characteristics of two South African pig breeds	Dube B., Mulugeta S.D., van der Westhuizen R.R., Dzama K.	2011	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	41	2	None	Animal Science Programme, North West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; ARC Livestock Business Division, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa; Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Dube, B., Animal Science Programme, North West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Mulugeta, S.D., Animal Science Programme, North West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; van der Westhuizen, R.R., ARC Livestock Business Division, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa; Dzama, K., Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	A study was conducted to establish non-genetic factors affecting growth and carcass traits in Large White and Landrace pigs. This study was based on 20 079 and 12 169 growth and 5 406 and 2 533 carcass data collected on performance tested pigs between 1990 and 2008 from Large White and Landrace breeds respectively. The traits analyzed were backfat thickness (BFAT), test period gain (TPG), lifetime gain (LTG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), age at slaughter (AGES), lean percentage (LEAN), drip-free lean percentage (DLEAN), drip loss (DRIP), dressing percentage (DRESS), carcass length (CRLTH) and eye muscle area (AREA). Significant effects were determined using PROC GLM of SAS. Herd of origin, year of testing and their interaction significantly affected all traits. Most traits were not affected by season of testing in both breeds, while all traits in both breeds were significantly affected by sex. Testing environment (station, farm) affected all growth traits except for LTG. Backfat thickness and AGES increased with increasing total feed intake, while other traits decreased as total feed intake increased. Improved test centre management did not compensate for pre-test underperformance. Castrates produced higher carcass yields of lower quality than females, while performance testing showed the best results when done at testing centres. This study showed the importance of adjusting for fixed effects when performing genetic evaluations in the two pig populations.	Carcass traits; Environmental effects; Growth traits; Landrace; Large white; Swine	Pieris brassicae; Suidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80755142798	Physical impact of sheep grazing on arid Karoo subshrub/grass rangeland, South Africa	Du Toit G.V.N., Snyman H.A., Malan P.J.	2011	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	41	3	10.4314/sajas.v41i3.11	Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; P.O. Box 94, Hanover 7005, South Africa	Du Toit, G.V.N., Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa, P.O. Box 94, Hanover 7005, South Africa; Snyman, H.A., Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Malan, P.J., Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Grazing levels and rotational schemes need to be tailored to each individual farm or pasture, and more studies are needed on the resilience of rangelands and on separating the effects of grazing and climate. The direct short-term impact of three rates of stocking (4, 8 and 16 Small Stock Units-SSU/ha) was quantified in terms of composition and cover of arid Nama Karoo vegetation (subshrub/grass). Mature Merino wethers grazed in one hectare plots during May in 1995 and 1996 (the plots were not subjected to grazing at any other time). The basal cover of the Karoo bushes (shrubs) showed a decrease at the highest stocking rate only, with the species Phymaspermum parvifolium the most sensitive to intensive grazing. An increase in stocking rate caused a significant decrease in both canopy cover and canopy-spread cover. The canopy cover of palatable Karoo bushes such as Felicia muricata, Salsola calluna and Walafrida geniculata decreased most. Light stocking (4 SSU/ha) was apparently the least detrimental to the vegetation composition and cover. Regardless of stocking rate, an 11-month resting period was possibly sufficient for all the vegetation parameters concerned to be fully restored after grazing took place. The rangeland rapidly reacted to rainfall as the ephemeral cover increased temporarily. The higher the stocking rate was, the greater the increase in ephemerals occurring. The ecological sustainability of the Nama Karoo ecosystem, utilised by high stocking densities, is questioned.	Basal cover; Canopy cover; Canopy-spread cover; Ephemerals; Karoo bushes; Stocking rate	Calluna; Felicia muricata; Ovis aries; Phymaspermum; Salsola; Walafrida	None
None	None	Influences of castration on the performance of landmine-detection rats (Cricetomys gambianus)	Edwards T.L., Cox C., Weetjens B., Poling A.	2015	Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research	10	4	10.1016/j.jveb.2015.04.002	Anti-Persoonsmijnen Ontmijnende Product Ontwikkeling, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Psychology, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States	Edwards, T.L., Anti-Persoonsmijnen Ontmijnende Product Ontwikkeling, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Cox, C., Anti-Persoonsmijnen Ontmijnende Product Ontwikkeling, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Weetjens, B., Anti-Persoonsmijnen Ontmijnende Product Ontwikkeling, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Poling, A., Anti-Persoonsmijnen Ontmijnende Product Ontwikkeling, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania, Department of Psychology, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States	Anti-Persoonsmijnen Ontmijnende Product Ontwikkeling has employed pouched rats as mine-detection animals for approximately 10years in sub-Saharan Africa, where the species is indigenous, and now plans to deploy the rats in areas where they are not indigenous. To prevent the possible introduction of an invasive species in those regions, all rats must be castrated before deployment. The research described in the present article was conducted to determine whether castration affects the performance of pouched rats as mine-detection animals. Five sex-, age-, and performance-matched pairs of pouched rats, 3 male pairs and 2 female pairs, were randomly divided into 2 groups: the experimental group undergoing castration procedures and the control group remaining out of training for the same duration as the experimental group. No statistically significant differences were found between the performance of experimental and control groups after the intervention despite high statistical power to detect such a difference, and equivalence tests suggest that any possible effects are of no practical significance. © 2015 Elsevier Inc.	Castration; Landmines; Mine-detection animals; Neutering; Pouched rats (Cricetomys gambianus); Scent detection	Animalia; Cricetomys gambianus; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868672935	Impact of sustained RNAi-mediated suppression of cellular cofactor Tat-SF1 on HIV-1 replication in CD4+ T cells	Green V.A., Arbuthnot P., Weinberg M.S.	2012	Virology Journal	9	None	10.1186/1743-422X-9-272	Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Health Sciences Faculty, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA, United States	Green, V.A., Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Health Sciences Faculty, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Arbuthnot, P., Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Health Sciences Faculty, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Weinberg, M.S., Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Health Sciences Faculty, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA, United States	Background: Conventional anti-HIV drug regimens targeting viral enzymes are plagued by the emergence of drug resistance. There is interest in targeting HIV-dependency factors (HDFs), host proteins that the virus requires for replication, as drugs targeting their function may prove protective. Reporter cell lines provide a rapid and convenient method of identifying putative HDFs, but this approach may lead to misleading results and a failure to detect subtle detrimental effects on cells that result from HDF suppression. Thus, alternative methods for HDF validation are required. Cellular Tat-SF1 has long been ascribed a cofactor role in Tat-dependent transactivation of viral transcription elongation. Here we employ sustained RNAi-mediated suppression of Tat-SF1 to validate its requirement for HIV-1 replication in a CD4+ T cell-derived line and its potential as a therapeutic target. Results: shRNA-mediated suppression of Tat-SF1 reduced HIV-1 replication and infectious particle production from TZM-bl reporter cells. This effect was not a result of increased apoptosis, loss of cell viability or an immune response. To validate its requirement for HIV-1 replication in a more relevant cell line, CD4+ SupT1 cell populations were generated that stably expressed shRNAs. HIV-1 replication was significantly reduced for two weeks (∼65%) in cells with depleted Tat-SF1, although the inhibition of viral replication was moderate when compared to SupT1 cells expressing a shRNA targeting the integration cofactor LEDGF/p75. Tat-SF1 suppression was attenuated over time, resulting from decreased shRNA guide strand expression, suggesting that there is a selective pressure to restore Tat-SF1 levels. Conclusions: This study validates Tat-SF1 as an HDF in CD4+ T cell-derived SupT1 cells. However, our findings also suggest that Tat-SF1 is not a critical cofactor required for virus replication and its suppression may affect cell growth. Therefore, this study demonstrates the importance of examining HIV-1 replication kinetics and cytotoxicity in cells with sustained HDF suppression to validate their therapeutic potential as targets. © 2012 Green et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	lens epithelium derived growth factor; protein; protein p75; SF1 protein; short hairpin RNA; transactivator protein; unclassified drug; article; CD4+ T lymphocyte; cell growth; cell line; human; human cell; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; nucleotide sequence; protein depletion; protein expression; protein function; RNA interference; T lymphocyte subpopulation; virus inhibition; virus replication; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cell Line; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Regulation; HIV-1; Humans; RNA Interference; RNA, Small Interfering; Trans-Activators; Virus Replication; Human immunodeficiency virus 1	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957682673	Physicochemical quality of an urban municipal wastewater effluent and its impact on the receiving environment	Odjadjare E.E.O., Okoh A.I.	2010	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	170	42373	10.1007/s10661-009-1240-y	Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	Odjadjare, E.E.O., Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Okoh, A.I., Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	The physicochemical qualities of the final effluents of an urban wastewater treatment plant in South Africa were assessed between August 2007 and July 2008 as well as their impact on the receiving watershed. The pH values across all sampling points ranged between 6.8 and 8.3, while the temperature varied from 18°C to 25°C. Electrical conductivity (EC) of the samples was in the range of 29-1,015 μS/cm, and turbidity varied between 2.7 and 35 NTU. Salinity and total dissolved solids (TDS) varied from 0.36 to 35 psu and 16 to 470 mg/L, respectively. The concentrations of the other physicochemical parameters are as follows: chemical oxygen demand (COD, 48-1,180 mg/L); dissolved oxygen (DO, 3.9-6.6 mg/L); nitrate (0.32-6.5 mg NO-{3}^{-} as N/L); nitrite (0.06-2.4 mg NO -{2}^{-} as N/L); and phosphate (0.29-0.54 mg PO -{4}^{3-} as P/L). pH, temperature, EC, turbidity, TDS, DO, and nitrate varied significantly with season and sampling point (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively), while salinity varied significantly with sampling point (P<0.01) and COD and nitrite varied significantly with season (P<0.05). Although the treated effluent fell within the recommended water quality standard for pH temperature, TDS, nitrate and nitrite, it fell short of stipulated standards for other parameters. The result generally showed a negative impact of the discharged effluent on the receiving watershed and calls for a regular and consistent monitoring program by the relevant authorities to ensure best practices with regard to treatment and discharge of wastewater into the receiving aquatic milieu in South Africa. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Physicochemical qualities; Receiving watershed; Wastewater effluent	Best-practices; Discharged effluents; Electrical conductivity; Final effluents; Monitoring programs; Municipal wastewaters; Negative impacts; pH value; Physico-chemical quality; Physicochemical parameters; Receiving watershed; Sampling points; South Africa; Total dissolved solids; Treated effluent; Urban wastewater treatment plants; Wastewater effluent; Water quality standard; Chemical oxygen demand; Dissolved oxygen; Effluent treatment; Electric conductivity of solids; Landforms; Salinity measurement; Turbidity; Wastewater; Wastewater treatment; Water pollution; Water quality; Water treatment plants; Watersheds; Effluents; dissolved oxygen; nitrate; nitrite; phosphate; effluent; environmental impact; physicochemical property; urban area; waste treatment; wastewater; water treatment; watershed; aquatic environment; article; chemical oxygen demand; controlled study; electric conductivity; environmental impact; environmental monitoring; pH; physical chemistry; salinity; seasonal variation; sewage effluent; South Africa; standard; total dissolved solids; turbidity; urban area; waste water treatment plant; water quality; water sampling; water temperature; watershed; Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; Environment; Fresh Water; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Nitrates; Nitrites; Seasons; Temperature; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Pollution, Chemical; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-59349089045	The Roodekraal Complex as a constraint on the size of the Vredefort impact crater, South Africa	de Waal S.	2008	South African Journal of Geology	111	42403	10.2113/gssajg.111.2-3.305	Centre for Research on Magmatic Ore Deposits, Department of Geology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; PO Box 21167, Windhoek, Namibia	de Waal, S., Centre for Research on Magmatic Ore Deposits, Department of Geology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, PO Box 21167, Windhoek, Namibia	The volcanic Roodekraal Complex, situated about 40 km from the proposed center of the ∼2.02 Ga Vredefort cratering event, overlies the rocks of the Pretoria Group with an angular unconformity. The unsheared basal contact of the Roodekraal Complex, a succession of alkaline basic lava intruded by diorite sills, defines an ∼2.05 Ga palaeosurface and as such constrains the size of the transient Vredefort crater to a maximum of ca. 80 km in diameter. A group of concentric thrust and normal faults with listric characteristics, the Ensel Thrust System, probably represents the expected normal faults that caused collapse of the transient crater rim during the modification stage of the cratering event. A series of semi-concentric thrust faults of the order of 200 km diameter and centered on the point of impact may define the total size of the Vredefort astrobleme (taken to be the entire area of impact-induced deformation). The indicated diameters of the transient and final craters agree well with those suggested by recent numerical models. © 2008 September Geological Society of South Africa.	None	astrobleme; crater; cratering; normal fault; numerical model; paleosurface; thrust fault; unconformity; Africa; Free State; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Vredefort Dome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866115019	Haematological evaluations of the antimalarial activity of Bridelia ferruginea benth bark	Kolawole O.M., Adebayo J.O., Oguntoye S.O., Okoh A.I., Mazomba N.	2012	Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology	6	2	None	Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Facu	Kolawole, O.M., Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, South Africa; Adebayo, J.O., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Oguntoye, S.O., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Okoh, A.I., Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, South Africa; Mazomba, N., Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, South Africa	We investigated the antimalarial activity of the methanolic extract of Bridelia ferruginea benth bark at 400 mg/kg body weights in mice (Mus musculus) infected with chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei using the rane test. There was decreased in packed cell volume, RBC and Hb in infected groups from day zero to 14 with a corresponding increase in RBC of the uninfected -extract treated group (p<0.05). The infected - untreated showed continual decreased from day zero to 14 (p<0.05) compared to the infected - treated groups and the uninfected - untreated (control) group. However, decreased in MCHC was recorded by day 14 for the infected - untreated animals. WBC and lymphocytes indices revealed that there was no significant difference in all the groups by day zero, however by day 14, there was significant increased in the WBC and lymphocytes for infected - treated groups compared to all other groups (p<0.05). In the platelets count, by day 14 there was significant decreased in the infected - untreated group compared to others (p<0.05). Also, there was no significant difference in the neutrophils for the infected - extract treated, infected - chloroquine treated, control, and uninfected - extract treated groups (p<0.05). The haematological indices further substantiates the promising antimalarial activity of the bark extract.	Antimalarial; Bridelia ferruginea; Haematological indices; Methanolic extract	Bridelia ferruginea extract; chloroquine; hemoglobin; methanol; animal experiment; animal model; antimalarial activity; article; bark; bridelia ferruginea; controlled study; drug effect; erythrocyte count; hematocrit; leukocyte count; lymphocyte count; medicinal plant; mouse; neutrophil count; nonhuman; Plasmodium berghei infection; Animalia; Bridelia ferruginea; Mus; Mus musculus; Plasmodium berghei	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900306877	Sexual dimorphism in bite performance drives morphological variation in chameleons	Da Silva J.M., Herrel A., Measey G.J., Tolley K.A.	2014	PLoS ONE	9	1	10.1371/journal.pone.0086846	Applied Biodiversity Research Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, Western Cape Province, South Africa; Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape Province, South Africa; Département d'Ecologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Île-de-France, France; Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates Research Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium; Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa; Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape Province, South Africa	Da Silva, J.M., Applied Biodiversity Research Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, Western Cape Province, South Africa, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape Province, South Africa; Herrel, A., Département d'Ecologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Île-de-France, France, Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates Research Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium; Measey, G.J., Applied Biodiversity Research Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, Western Cape Province, South Africa, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa; Tolley, K.A., Applied Biodiversity Research Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, Western Cape Province, South Africa, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape Province, South Africa	Phenotypic performance in different environments is central to understanding the evolutionary and ecological processes that drive adaptive divergence and, ultimately, speciation. Because habitat structure can affect an animal's foraging behaviour, anti-predator defences, and communication behaviour, it can influence both natural and sexual selection pressures. These selective pressures, in turn, act upon morphological traits to maximize an animal's performance. For performance traits involved in both social and ecological activities, such as bite force, natural and sexual selection often interact in complex ways, providing an opportunity to understand the adaptive significance of morphological variation with respect to habitat. Dwarf chameleons within the Bradypodion melanocephalum-Bradypodion thamnobates species complex have multiple phenotypic forms, each with a specific head morphology that could reflect its use of either open- or closed-canopy habitats. To determine whether these morphological differences represent adaptations to their habitats, we tested for differences in both absolute and relative bite performance. Only absolute differences were found between forms, with the closed-canopy forms biting harder than their open-canopy counterparts. In contrast, sexual dimorphism was found for both absolute and relative bite force, but the relative differences were limited to the closed-canopy forms. These results indicate that both natural and sexual selection are acting within both habitat types, but to varying degrees. Sexual selection seems to be the predominant force within the closed-canopy habitats, which are more protected from aerial predators, enabling chameleons to invest more in ornamentation for communication. In contrast, natural selection is likely to be the predominant force in the open-canopy habitats, inhibiting the development of conspicuous secondary sexual characteristics and, ultimately, enforcing their overall diminutive body size and constraining performance. © 2014 da Silva et al.	None	animal tissue; article; bite; body size; Bradypodion melanocephalum; Bradypodion thamnobates; canopy; chameleon; controlled study; ecological specialization; evolutionary adaptation; female; intraspecific variation; lizard; male; morphological trait; natural selection; nonhuman; organismal interaction; organisms by outer appearance; phenotypic variation; sex difference; species difference; species habitat; Adaptation, Biological; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Biological Evolution; Bite Force; Body Weights and Measures; Ecosystem; Female; Lizards; Male; Selection, Genetic; Sex Characteristics; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80855144231	Diet, morphology and performance in two chameleon morphs: Do harder bites equate with harder prey?	Measey G.J., Rebelo A.D., Herrel A., Vanhooydonck B., Tolley K.A.	2011	Journal of Zoology	285	4	10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00861.x	Applied Biodiversity Research Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Claremont, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa; Département d'Ecologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité, UMR 7179 C.N.R.S/M.N.H.N., Paris, France; Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium; Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa	Measey, G.J., Applied Biodiversity Research Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Claremont, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa; Rebelo, A.D., Applied Biodiversity Research Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Claremont, Cape Town, South Africa; Herrel, A., Département d'Ecologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité, UMR 7179 C.N.R.S/M.N.H.N., Paris, France; Vanhooydonck, B., Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium; Tolley, K.A., Applied Biodiversity Research Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Claremont, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa	Ecologically induced morphological variation has been identified as a mainstay in evolutionary theory. Species that inhabit different habitats are likely to display morphological and functional differences related to the exploitation of different dietary resources available in each habitat within limits imposed by trade-offs. Here, we examine two populations of the Cape Dwarf Chameleon, Bradypodion pumilum, from fynbos (heathland) and woodland to investigate whether head morphology and bite performance are related to diet within and between populations. Stomach contents are compared with prey availability to test whether chameleons are selective with respect to prey size, hardness and evasiveness. Our data show that for adult chameleons from the fynbos (Kogelberg; n = 44), mean and maximum prey size are tightly correlated with head morphology and performance. In woodland habitat (Stellenbosch; n = 52), only maximum prey size is correlated with head morphology and performance. Fynbos chameleons showed no preference with respect to prey hardness, while those from woodland ate less hard and/or sedentary prey than available, thus preferring items that were soft and/or evasive. Finally, fynbos chameleons have a diet of sedentary and/or evasive prey similar in proportions to that available. Our results suggest that diet is not directly related to selection on the head morphology and biting performance of B. pumilum in woodland habitat, but that it may be important for selection in fynbos due to a reduction in overall prey availability. © 2011 The Authors. Journal of Zoology © 2011 The Zoological Society of London.	Adaptation; Ecomorphs; Foraging mode; Lizards; Performance	adaptation; diet; ecomorphology; evolutionary theory; fynbos; heathland; lizard; performance assessment; prey availability; prey selection; prey size; stomach content; trade-off; woodland; Bradypodion pumilum; Chamaeleonidae; Squamata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-63549102860	Morphology, ornaments and performance in two chameleon ecomorphs: is the casque bigger than the bite?	Measey G.J., Hopkins K., Tolley K.A.	2009	Zoology	112	3	10.1016/j.zool.2008.09.005	Applied Biodiversity Research, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont Cape Town, 7735, South Africa; Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa	Measey, G.J., Applied Biodiversity Research, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont Cape Town, 7735, South Africa, Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Hopkins, K., Applied Biodiversity Research, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont Cape Town, 7735, South Africa; Tolley, K.A., Applied Biodiversity Research, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont Cape Town, 7735, South Africa	The evolution of ecomorphs within a species may represent either unique evolutionary events or multiple convergent events in similar environments. Functional studies of differing morphological traits of ecomorphs have been important to elucidate their role in adaptive radiations. The Cape dwarf chameleon, Bradypodion pumilum, has two ecomorphs: a large, brightly colored, ornate form found in closed habitats, and a small, dull form with reduced ornamentation found in open vegetation. The typical form is known to use casque size to communicate fighting ability, but it is unknown whether this is an honest signal and whether casque size is related to bite force. We show through a population genetic analysis that these ecomorphs are not separate genetic lineages but the result of multiple transitions between closed and open habitats. From measurements of ornamental and non-ornamental morphological characters and bite force in 105 chameleons, we find that bite force is significantly related to head size and is best predicted by head width. Bite force was reasonably predicted by casque height in ecomorphs from closed habitats, but not in those from open habitats. For size-adjusted data, open habitat males had wider heads, biting harder than closed habitat males. Our data suggest honesty in signaling for closed habitat ecomorphs, but for open habitat ecomorphs communication is different, a finding commensurate with the common framework for species radiations. © 2009 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.	Adaptive radiation; Bite force; Bradypodion pumilum; Combat; Conspecific signaling	aggression; animal; animal behavior; article; bites and stings; body size; classification; female; histology; lizard; male; physiology; skull; Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Bites and Stings; Body Size; Female; Lizards; Male; Skull; Bradypodion pumilum; Chamaeleonidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-64149131946	The potential for predicted climate shifts to impact genetic landscapes of lizards in the South African Cape Floristic Region	Tolley K.A., Makokha J.S., Houniet D.T., Swart B.L., Matthee C.A.	2009	Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution	51	1	10.1016/j.ympev.2008.11.017	Applied Biodiversity Research, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Claremont, 7735 Cape Town, South Africa; Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Tolley, K.A., Applied Biodiversity Research, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Claremont, 7735 Cape Town, South Africa; Makokha, J.S., Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Houniet, D.T., Applied Biodiversity Research, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Claremont, 7735 Cape Town, South Africa; Swart, B.L., Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Matthee, C.A., Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	The Cape Floristic Region (CFR) is well-known for its floral diversity, yet also contains a rich herpetofauna with >180 species, 28% of which are endemic. Recent studies conducted on CFR lizards indicated that phylogeographic patterns show some congruency, and that the western CFR shows higher overall diversity in the form of population and/or clade turnover. Here, we combine mitochondrial sequence data from two published (Bradypodion spp. and Agama atra) and one new dataset (Pedioplanis burchelli) to investigate whether geographic patterns of genetic diversity could be influenced by predicted climatic changes. We utilised Bayesian methodology and spatial genetic landscapes to establish broad-scale patterns and show that the western CFR is a contact zone for several clades in all three taxa, supporting the hypothesis of phylogeographic congruence. Current levels of gene flow are virtually zero between the western and eastern CFR. In the east, gene flow between populations is negligible at present but was probably stronger in the past given the present lack of strong genetic structure. Bioclimatic modelling predicted that climatically suitable areas within the CFR will decline for Bradypodion spp. and P. burchelli, with areas high in clade turnover loosing more climatically suitable areas than areas with low clade turnover. The models also predict that loss of climatic suitability may result in highly fragmented and patchy distributions, resulting in a greater loss of connectivity. In contrast, A. atra does not show significant climatic suitability losses overall, although it may experience localised losses (and gains). This species is not predicted to loose suitability in areas of high clade turnover. Thus, the incorporation of genetic data into climatic models has extended our knowledge on the vulnerability of these species given the predicted threat of landscape change. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Burchell's sand lizard; Climate change; Dwarf chameleon; Phylogeography; Southern rock agama	mitochondrial DNA; Africa; animal; article; biological model; classification; climate; DNA sequence; gene flow; genetic variability; genetics; geography; lizard; molecular evolution; phylogeny; population genetics; Africa, Southern; Animals; Climate; DNA, Mitochondrial; Evolution, Molecular; Gene Flow; Genetic Variation; Genetics, Population; Geography; Lizards; Models, Genetic; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Agama; Agama atra; Bradypodion; Pedioplanis burchelli; Squamata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896382538	Seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton in two tropical rivers of varying size and human impact in southeast Nigeria [Dinamica de temporada del fitoplankton en dos rios tropicales de tamaño e impacto humano variado en el sureste de Nigeria]	Idumah Okogwu O., Ugwumba A.O.	2013	Revista de Biologia Tropical	61	4	None	Applied Biology Department, Ebonyi State University, PMB 53, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Idumah Okogwu, O., Applied Biology Department, Ebonyi State University, PMB 53, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Ugwumba, A.O., Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Phytoplankton occurrence and dynamics in rivers are mainly shaped by hydrophysical conditions and nutrient availability. Phytoplankton main structuring factors have been poorly studied in West African rivers, and this study was undertaken to identify these conditions in two tropical rivers that vary in size and human impact. For this, environmental variables and phytoplankton monthly samples were collected from the middle reaches of Asu and Cross rivers during an 18 months survey from March 2005-July 2006. Phytoplankton biomass (F=11.87, p=0.003), Shannon-Weiner diversity and species richness (F=5.93, p=0.003) showed significant seasonality in Asu but not in Cross River. Data was analyzed with Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and showed environmental differences between the two rivers, nitrate in Asu River (5.1-15.5mg/L) was significantly higher than Cross River (0.03-1.7mg/L), while PO4 (0.2-0.9mg/L) was significantly lower in Asu River compared to Cross River (0.03-2.6mg/L) (p&lt;0.05). Eutrophic factors (NO3) determined primarily phytoplankton dynamics in Asu River, especially during the dry season, whereas hydrophysical factors (depth, transparency and temperature) shaped phytoplankton in Cross River. Taxa indicative of an eutrophic condition, such as Euglena, Chlorella, Chlorococcus, Ceratium, Peridinium, Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Closterium, Scenedesmus and Pediastrum spp., were frequently encountered in the shallow impounded Asu River, while riverine species, such as Frustulia rhomboids, Gyrosigma sp., Opephora martyr and Surirella splendida dominated Cross River. A succession pattern was observed in the functional groups identified: Na/MP→TB→P (rainy→dry season) was observed in Asu River, whereas MP/D predominated in Cross River for both seasons. We concluded that, if nutrients predominate hydrophysical factors in shaping phytoplankton during dry season (half of the year) then, they are as important as hydrophysical factors structuring phytoplankton during rainy season (the other half).	Asu River; Cross River; Eutrophication; Functional group; Phytoplankton; West Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930590466	The impact of cassava effluent on the microbial and physicochemical characteristics on soil dynamics and structure	Igbinosa E.O., Igiehon O.N.	2015	Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences	8	2	None	Applied Microbial Processes and Environmental Health Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Private Mail Bag 1154, Benin City, Nigeria	Igbinosa, E.O., Applied Microbial Processes and Environmental Health Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Private Mail Bag 1154, Benin City, Nigeria; Igiehon, O.N., Applied Microbial Processes and Environmental Health Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Private Mail Bag 1154, Benin City, Nigeria	The effects of cassava effluent on soil microbial and physicochemical properties were studied using culture-dependent and standard analytical methods. Soil samples were collected from sites polluted with cassava effluent and from adjacent sites that were not impacted with the effluent pollution. The isolation and enumeration of microbial population was carried out using standard culture-based methods. Standard analytical methods were used to assay for physicochemical properties. The highest bacterial count of 3.61×108 ± 0.12 CFU/g was recorded for polluted soil sampled from Ehor, while the lowest count of 1.3×108 ± 0.03 CFU/g was recorded in Isihor. Isihor had the highest fungal count of 2.2 ×108 ± 0.01 CFU/g from soil contaminated with cassava effluent. The fungal counts of the polluted soil were significantly lower than the bacterial counts generally (p < 0.05). The heavy metal contents of the contaminated soils were relatively higher than the uncontaminated soil (control). Unlike in the control soils, pH of the polluted soils ranged from 4.0 - 4.78. The bacteria isolated were Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus macerans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella aoxytoca and Escherichia coli. Eleven species of fungi belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Rhizopus were also isolated. The present study shows that the cassava effluent can have an increasing or limiting effect on the microbial diversity of the polluted soil which could also be attributed to the simultaneous impact on the physicochemical parameters of the soil. © 2015 Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences.	Biodiversity; Heavy metal; Microbial density; Pollution; Toxicants	Aspergillus; Bacillus subtilis; Bacteria (microorganisms); Escherichia coli; Fungi; Klebsiella; Manihot esculenta; Paenibacillus macerans; Penicillium; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Rhizopus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79251480044	Microbial evaluation and public health implications of urine as alternative therapy in clinical pediatric cases: Health implication of urine therapy	Ogunshe A.A.O., Fawole A.O., Ajayi V.A.	2010	Pan African Medical Journal	5	None	None	Applied Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Biology, The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Biology and Microbiology Unit, Department of Sc	Ogunshe, A.A.O., Applied Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Fawole, A.O., Department of Biology, The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Ajayi, V.A., Biology and Microbiology Unit, Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Background: Cultural means of pediatric treatment during ill health is a mainstay in Africa, and though urine has been known to contain enteric pathogens, urine therapy is still culturally applicable in some health conditions and also advocated as alternative therapy. The study therefore, is to evaluate the microbial contents and safety of urine. Methods: Urinary bacteria from cows and healthy children aged 5-11 years were identified by conventional phenotypic methods and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using modified agar disc and well-diffusion methods. Results: A total of 116 bacterial isolates (n = 77 children; n = 39 cows) were identified as Bacillus (10.4%; 5.1%)), Staphylococcus (2.6%; 2.6%), Citrobacter (3.9%; 12.8%), Escherichia coli (36.4%; 23.1%), Klebsiella (7.8%; 12.8%), Proteus (18.2%; 23.1%), Pseudomonas (9.1%; 2.6%), Salmonella (3.9%; 5.1%) and Shigella (7.8%; 12.8%) spp. Antibiotic resistance rates of the Gram-positive bacteria were high (50.0-100%), except in Bacillus strains against chloramphenicol, gentamicin and tetracycline (14.3%), while higher resistance rates were recorded among the Gram-negative bacteria except in Citrobacter (0.0%) and Proteus (8.5%) spp. against gentamicin and tetracycline respectively. The Gram-negative bacteria from ito malu (cow urine) were more resistant bacteria except in Citrobacter (20.0%) and Shigella spp. (0.0%) against tetracycline and Proteus spp. (11.1%), (22.2%) against amoxicillin and tetracycline respectively. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) rates recorded in children urinal bacterial species were 37.5-100% (Gram-positive) and 12.5-100% (Gram-negative), while MAR among the cow urinal bacteria was 12.5-75.0% (Gram-positive) and 25.0-100% (Gram-negative). Similar higher resistance rates were also recorded among the Gram-negative bacterial species from urine specimens against the pediatric antibiotic suspensions. Conclusion: The study reported presence of multiple antibiotic-resistant indicator bacteria in human urine and ito malu used as alternative remedy in pediatric health conditions like febrile convulsion. © Adenike Adedayo O. Ogunshe et al.	Alternative medicine; Antibiotic resistance; Convulsion; Cultural behaviour; Infant mortality; Nigeria; Pediatic; Urine therapy	agar; amaxin; amoxicillin; amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid; ampicillin; ampicillin plus cloxacillin; antibiotic agent; azithromycin; cefaclor; cefadroxil; cefalerin; cefamor; cefuroxime axetil; chloramphenicol; clindamycin; clofencol; cloxacillin; cotrimoxazole; emicillin; emzoclox; erythrokid; erythromycin; erythromycin stearate; flucloxacillin; fusidic acid; gentamicin; jawaclox; loxagyl; loxaprim; metronidazole; odoxil ds; penicillin G; rancotrim; sulfamethoxazole; tetracycline; throtal; trimethoprim; unclassified drug; antiinfective agent; alternative medicine; antibiotic resistance; antibiotic sensitivity; article; Bacillus; bacterium identification; bacterium isolation; child; childhood disease; Citrobacter; controlled study; cow; Escherichia coli; febrile convulsion; female; Gram negative bacterium; Gram positive bacterium; human; Klebsiella; male; microbiological examination; nonhuman; phenotype; preschool child; Proteus; Pseudomonas; public health service; Salmonella; school child; Shigella; species difference; Staphylococcus; urine therapy; African medicine; animal; antibiotic resistance; cattle; drug effect; evaluation; febrile convulsion; Gram negative bacterium; Gram positive bacterium; isolation and purification; microbiological examination; microbiology; pediatrics; public health; urine; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; Male; Medicine, African Traditional; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pediatrics; Public Health; Seizures, Febrile; Urine	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938827709	Evaluation of bacteriostatic potency of expired oral paediatric antibiotics and implications on infant health	Ogunshe A., Adinmonyema P.	2014	Pan African Medical Journal	19	None	10.11604/pamj.2014.19.378.2156	Applied Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Ogunshe, A., Applied Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adinmonyema, P., Applied Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Introduction: in spite of significant risks, as well as non-clinical importance due to loss of potency, stiff penalties against administration of expired medications are still not appropriately enforced by health policy makers in many developing countries, possibly because of little evidence to support that expired medications are hazardous. The purpose of this study therefore, was to investigate the effect of expiration dates on in vitro bacteriostatic potentials of oral paediatric antibiotics. Methods: comparative bacteriostatic potentials of 31 expired and seven corresponding unexpired oral paediatric antibiotics were determined on infantile diarrhoeagenic bacteria, using a modification of agar well-diffusion method. Results: verall total percentage in vitro resistance rates against expired and unexpired paediatric antibiotics respectively were - E. coli (≤100% vs. ≤15.9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (≤100% vs. ≤31.3%), Proteus mirabilis (≤91.7% vs. ≤41.7%) and Staphylococcus aureus (≤100% vs. ≤18.2%). Resistance rates of 45.5-55.8% (sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim 5), 39.5-63.6% (amoxycillin 6), 46.5-54.5% (cotrimoxazole 7), 37.5-63.6% (ampicillin + cloxacillin 18), and higher resistance rates of ≥75.0-100% were exhibited towards remaining expired antibiotics. Higher total resistance and multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) rates were also recorded against expired antibiotics (45.2-93.5%) compared to unexpired antibiotics (28.6-57.2%), except for few strains of E. coli and Proteus mirabilis. Furthermore, unexpired paediatric antibiotics exhibited wider zones of inhibition towards the test diarrhoeagenic bacteria (≥25.0 mm diameter). Conclusion: this study provided preliminary microbiological results on the appreciable reduction in in vitro bacteriostatic potentials, as well as higher resistance and multiple antibiotic resistance rates among expired oral paediatric antibiotics on infantile diarrhoeagenic bacteria. Apart from less-efficacy, administration of expired antibiotics can lead to increased antibiotic resistance and clinical treatment failure, as well as adverse drug reactions. © Adenike Ogunshe et al.	Antibiotic resistance; Drug allergy; Drug degradation; Drug toxicity; Expired antibiotics; Infant mortality; Paediatric antibiotics; Paediatric health	amoxicillin; ampicillin plus cloxacillin; antibiotic agent; cotrimoxazole; antiinfective agent; agar diffusion; antibiotic resistance; Article; bacteriostasis; child; child health; controlled study; Escherichia coli; expiration date; human; in vitro study; infant; Klebsiella pneumoniae; nonhuman; Proteus mirabilis; Staphylococcus aureus; drug effects; drug stability; drug storage; growth, development and aging; infant welfare; microbial sensitivity test; oral drug administration; preschool child; statistics and numerical data; Administration, Oral; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child, Preschool; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Stability; Drug Storage; Escherichia coli; Humans; Infant; Infant Welfare; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884538372	The impact of flooding on water quality, zooplankton composition, density and biomass in Lake Iyieke, Cross River-Floodplain, Southeastern Nigeria	Nwonumara N.G., Okogwu O.I.	2013	Zoology and Ecology	23	2	10.1080/21658005.2013.805015	Department of Applied Biology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	Nwonumara, N.G., Department of Applied Biology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Okogwu, O.I., Department of Applied Biology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	The physico-chemical parameters, zooplankton composition, density and biomass of Lake Iyieke (Cross River- Floodplain, Nigeria) were studied monthly from February to December 2011 during pre-flood (February-May), flood (June-August) and post-flood (September-December) periods. The study was aimed at evaluating the response of zooplankton to seasonal flooding. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that temperature (28-35 C), PO4-P (0.10- 0.16 g/L), pH (6.50-6.80), transparency (0.17-0.98 m), conductivity (18.0-56.00 S/cm) and total dissolved solids (8.50-28.00 mg/L) were the main environmental variables that influenced zooplankton dynamics. Rotifers of the families Collothecidae, Collurellidae and the cladoceran Scapholeberi kingi were recorded in the lake for the first time. Rotifers were dominant in the pre-flood period, while microcrustaceans were dominant in the flood and post-flood periods. Contrary to our expectations, species richness (56 species) and density (527 ind/L) peaked during the pre-flood and flood periods, respectively. Based on our results and previous studies on the lake, we recommend undertaking a comprehensive study on this and other lakes within the Cross River basin in order to gain a clear understanding of the impact anthropogenic activities (dams and dredging) and climatic factors (that could alter the intensity and duration of flood) could have on zooplankton. © 2013 Nature Research Centre.	Biomass; Density; Flood; Lake Iyieke; Water quality; Zooplankton	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868459367	Electrical resistivity survey for groundwater investigations and shallow subsurface evaluation of the basaltic-greenstone formation of the urban Bulawayo aquifer	Muchingami I., Hlatywayo D.J., Nel J.M., Chuma C.	2012	Physics and Chemistry of the Earth	None	None	10.1016/j.pce.2012.08.014	Applied Physics Department, National University of Science and Technology, Box AC939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Department of Earth Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Box X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa	Muchingami, I., Applied Physics Department, National University of Science and Technology, Box AC939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, Department of Earth Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Box X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Hlatywayo, D.J., Applied Physics Department, National University of Science and Technology, Box AC939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Nel, J.M., Department of Earth Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Box X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Chuma, C., Applied Physics Department, National University of Science and Technology, Box AC939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe	Electrical resistivity surveying methods have been widely used to determine the thickness and resistivity of layered media for the purpose of assessing groundwater potential and siting boreholes in fractured unconfined aquifers. Traditionally, this has been done using one-dimensional (1D) vertical electrical sounding (VES) surveys. However, 1D VES surveys only model layered structures of the subsurface and do not provide comprehensive information for interpreting the structure and extent of subsurface hydro-geological features. As such the incorporation of two-dimensional (2D) geophysical techniques for groundwater prospecting has often been used to provide a more detailed interpretation of the subsurface hydro-geological features from which potential sites for successful borehole location are identified. In this study, 2D electrical resistivity tomography was combined with 1D VES to produce a subsurface resistivity model for assessing the availability of groundwater in the basaltic-greenstone formation of the Matsheumhlope well field in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Low resistivity readings (<50. Ωm) towards the central region of the study area suggest a high groundwater potential, while high resistivities (>500. Ωm) around the western margin of the study area suggests a low groundwater potential. 2D electrical resistivity surveys provide a more detailed subsurface structure and may assist in identifying the configuration of possible fractures which could conduct groundwater into the shallow subsurface of study area. It is concluded that 2D electrical resistivity methods is an effective tool for assessing the availability of groundwater in the highly weathered and fractured basaltic greenstone rocks. The methods provided a more precise hydro-geophysical model for the study area compared to the traditional VES. Results from this study are useful for technical groundwater management as they clearly identified suitable borehole locations for long term groundwater prospecting. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	2D (two-dimensional); Electrical resistivity; Groundwater; Resistivity models; Unconfined aquifer	Comprehensive information; Effective tool; Electrical resistivity; Electrical resistivity tomography; Geophysical techniques; Groundwater management; High resistivity; Layered media; Layered Structures; Low resistivity; Potential sites; Resistivity models; Shallow subsurface; Study areas; Subsurface structures; Unconfined aquifers; Vertical electrical sounding; Zimbabwe; Aquifers; Basalt; Boreholes; Electric conductivity; Electric prospecting; Geophysics; Groundwater; Hydrogeology; Structural geology; Surveys; Two dimensional; Water management; Groundwater resources; basalt; borehole; electrical resistivity; greenstone; groundwater; tomography; two-dimensional modeling; unconfined aquifer; urban area; vertical electrical sounding; water management; Bulawayo [Bulawayo (PRV)]; Bulawayo [Zimbabwe]; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859116370	Evaluation of the antioxidant potentials of ten leafy vegetables extracts commonly consumed by the Ghanaian population	Achel D.G., Mills R., Otchere J., Seyram E., Achoribo E., Adu-Bobi N.A.-K., Donkor S., Boatin R., Adom T., Adaboro R.M., Gomda Y.	2012	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	11	2	None	Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana	Achel, D.G., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Mills, R., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Otchere, J., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Seyram, E., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Achoribo, E., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Adu-Bobi, N.A.-K., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Donkor, S., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Boatin, R., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Adom, T., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Adaboro, R.M., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Gomda, Y., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana	Ten traditional leafy vegetables commonly consumed by Ghanaians have been evaluated for their antioxidant potential based on their polyphenolic and flavonoid contents. Among the plants studied the methanol extracts of Ocimum basilicum (akokobesa), and Amaranthus incurvatus (aleefo) exhibited the highest phenolic content of 16.4 mg GAE/g dw and 11.3mg dw GAE/g respectively. The highest phenolic content for water extracts were seen in Manihot esculenta (cassava; 9.29mg GAE/g dw) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (shuuré; 7.28mg GAE/g dw) and C esculanta (7.11 mg GAE/g dw). The methanol extracts of H. sabdariffa (Shuuré), Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaves), Manihot esculenta (cassava leaves) and Ocimum basilicum (akokobesa) recorded the highest flavonoid content (FC) of 99.14 μg QE/g dw, 70.20μg QE/g dw, 70.08μg QE/g dw and 63.37μg QE/g dw respectively. For the FC of the aqueous extracts the order was; A. incurvatus &gt; H. sabdariffa &gt; Talinum triangulare&gt; Colocasia esculenta &gt; M. esculenta &gt; V. amygdalina&gt; O. basilicum &gt; Solanum macrocarpon &gt; Launaea taraxacifolia &gt; Corchorus olitorius. A good positive correlation r 2= 0.663 was observed between polyphenolic content and antioxidant values for the aqueous extracts, however, no correlation was found between flavonoids, polyphenolics and total antioxidants. The study indicates that the leafy vegetables consumed by Ghanaians are potentially rich sources of dietary polyphenolic compounds and antioxidants, and might contribute important health and nutraceutical benefits to consumers.	Antioxidants; Free-radicals; Health benefits; Leafy vegetables; Phytochemicals	Amaranthus; Amaranthus hybridus; Colocasia esculenta; Corchorus olitorius; Gymnanthemum amygdalinum; Hibiscus sabdariffa; Launaea; Manihot esculenta; Ocimum; Ocimum basilicum; Solanum; Solanum macrocarpon; Talinum triangulare; Vernonia amygdalina	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84882598747	Influence of reference temperature on exergy and exergoeconomic performance of a natural gas fired thermal power plant	Anozie A.N., Odejobi O.J.	2013	International Journal of Exergy	13	1	10.1504/IJEX.2013.055780	Applied Thermodynamics and Process Design Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Nigeria	Anozie, A.N., Applied Thermodynamics and Process Design Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Nigeria; Odejobi, O.J., Applied Thermodynamics and Process Design Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Nigeria	The influence of reference temperature on exergy and exergoeconomic performance parameters of a thermal plant was investigated. The plant was simulated using HYSYS (2003) process simulator software and the exergy and exergoeconomic analyses were done using Microsoft EXCEL spreadsheet. As reference temperature increased from 15°C to 35°C, exergy efficiency decreased from 11.7% to 11.5% and irreversibility increased from 1790 MW to 1812 MW. Also, overall exergy cost decreased from 6650.78 MW to 6055.40 MW and monetary cost from $75,343.84/h to $68,430.19/h. The optimum (base case) reference temperature, where the exergy and the monetary exergy loss costs were at minimum, was found to be 30°C. At this temperature both the condenser and boiler units made significant contributions to the process exergy and monetary exergy loss costs. The study concluded that the performance of the thermal plant depends on reference temperature, efficiencies of condenser and boiler units. Copyright © 2013 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	Exergetic efficiency; Exergoeconomic improvement potential.; Exergoeconomic loss cost; Exergy improvement potential; Exergy loss costs; Irreversibility; Reference temperature	Exergetic efficiency; Exergoeconomic; Exergy improvement potentials; Exergy loss; Irreversibility; Loss costs; Reference temperature; Boilers; Computer software; Costs; Heat engines; Thermoelectric power plants; Exergy	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958792768	Cover Crop Management in a Sauvignon blanc/Ramsey vineyard in the semi-arid Olifants River Valley, South Africa. 2. Effect of different cover crops and cover crop management practices on grapevine performance	Fourie J.C., Louw P.J.E., Agenbag G.A.	2007	South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture	28	2	None	ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Department of Agronomy, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; Sapex Exports, 11 Victoria Street, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa	Fourie, J.C., ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Louw, P.J.E., ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa, Sapex Exports, 11 Victoria Street, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Agenbag, G.A., Department of Agronomy, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa	The trial was conducted over a period of ten years (1993/94 to 2002/03) on a sandy soil in a Sauvignon blanc/Ramsey vineyard near Lutzville (31°35'S, 18°52'E), situated in the semi-arid Olifants River Valley of the Western Cape. Fourteen treatments, consisting of three grain species and four legumes, managed according to two cover crop management practices, were included. One management practice consisted of cover crops which were sown annually and full surface, post-emergence chemical control which was applied before bud break and when the berries reached pea size (BB). The second management practice consisted of cover crops which were sown biennially. Post-emergence chemical control was applied to the vine row before bud break and full surface when the berries reached pea size (AB). From 1999/2000 to 2002/03 the cover crops were sown annually, while the full surface post-emergence control applied at the end of November was advanced to mid-October. Two treatments in which Avena sativa L. v. Saia ('Saia' oats) and Vicia dasycarpa Ten. (grazing vetch) were sown annually, controlled mechanically in the work row and chemically in the vine row from bud break to harvest (MC), were also applied. These treatments were compared to a control, in which no cover crop was sown and MC was applied. A treatment in which no cover crop was sown and BB was applied (weedchem), was also included. During the third growing season of the vines (1994/95), the grapevine shoot mass of the BB treatments of grazing vetch and Medicago truncatula Gaertn. v. Paraggio ('Paraggio' medic) was significantly more than that of the AB and MC treatments, with the exception of Secale cereale L. v. Henog (AB) and grazing vetch (MC). The first harvest (1994/95) from the grapevines in the BB treatments was significantly higher than that of weedchem and the MC treatments. The grape yield of the BB treatments, grazing vetch (AB) and Ornithopus sativus L. v. Emena (pink Seradella) (AB) was significantly more than that of weedchem and the control during the 1997/98 season. The NO 3-N concentration in the leaf petioles in all the cover crop treatments was, with the exception of the AB treatments of rye, M. truncatula Gaertn. v. Parabinga ('Parabinga' medic) and grazing vetch, significantly higher than that in weedchem and the control, as measured during the 1994/95 season. The NO 3-N concentration in the leaf petioles of the BB and AB treatment of a species differed significantly. The N concentration in the juice of the cover crop treatments during the 1995/96 season was, with the exception of 'Saia' oats (MC) and 'Parabinga' medic (AB), significantly higher than that of weedchem and the control. During the 1998/99 season, the N concentration of the juice in the BB and AB treatments of grazing vetch and pink Seradella was significantly higher than that of the MC treatments, two rye treatments, weedchem and the AB treatments of the other cover crops. The concentration of Ca in the juice of the cover crop treatments was, with the exception of the pink Seradella treatments, significantly higher than that of weedchem and the control. Wine quality did not differ between treatments.	Cover crops; Grape juice; Grape yield; Grapevines; Shoot growth; Soil management	Avena; Avena sativa; Medicago truncatula; Ornithopus sativus; Pisum sativum; Secale cereale; Vicia; Vicia villosa varia; Vitaceae; Vitis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84882946114	Impact of intestinal microorganisms and protozoan parasites on drinking water quality in Harare, Zimbabwe	Dalu T., Barson M., Nhiwatiwa T.	2011	Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development	1	3	10.2166/washdev.2011.049	Aquatic Ecology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Dalu, T., Aquatic Ecology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Barson, M., Aquatic Ecology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Nhiwatiwa, T., Aquatic Ecology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	The presence of microorganisms and their potential impacts on drinking water from boreholes, bowsers, lakes, rivers, springs, taps and wells was investigated in peri-urban settlements around Harare. Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Vibrio cholerae and faecal streptococci were present in all water sources except for the boreholes and bowsers. Rivers, lake and wells showed the greatest diversity of 10, 5 and 6 species and relative density (rd) of 90.9, 83.4 and 61.67% respectively for the protozoan parasites. Cryptosporidium was identified in groundwater sources; wells (rd = 8.3%) and springs (rd = 41.7%) and identified in tap water (rd = 6.23%) and the Mukuvisi River downstream (rd = 8.3%). Entamoeba histolytica, Cyclospora, Isospora belli, Trichuris trichiura and Giardia lamblia were found in all water sources. Eggs/larvae of intestinal parasites; Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides, Rhabditis, Taenia sp. and Schistosoma mansoni were identified in different water sources. Faecal coliform levels had a significant effect on the water sources' water quality with p = 0.018 in all sites except for the borehole whilst faecal streptococci had no significant impact with p = 0.513. The presence of at least one microbial pathogenic organism and parasites in most of the water sources poses a threat to the water quality and is a human health risk in the study areas. © IWA Publishing 2011.	Coliforms; Drinking water; Harare; Microorganisms; Parasites; Protozoa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749640288	Evaluation of toxic action mechanisms of binary mixtures of spent lubricant oil and detergent against littoral estuarine macro-invertebrates	Chukwu L.O.	2006	Pollution Research	25	2	None	Aquatic Toxicology and Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria	Chukwu, L.O., Aquatic Toxicology and Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria	The toxicities of spent engine oil and a Nigerian brand of detergent (Omo), and their binary mixture in ratio of 9:1 were evaluated against hermit crab, Clibanarius africanus and periwinkle, Tympanotfonus fuscatus in laboratory bioassays. The interactions between binary mixture showed significant variations from the action of the individual constituent toxicants when acting singly. On the basis of synergistic ratio (SRs) and concentration-addition models, the relationship between binary mixture. (9:1) of spent engine oil and detergent against C africanus and T fuscatus were in conformity with the models of synergism (S.R=4.12; RTU=3.95 and S.R=1.21; RTU=10 respectively) indicating that the toxicity of the constituent toxicants in the mixtures were enhanced. The importance of the results obtained from the joint action toxicity evaluations in setting effective and environmentally safe limits for control and management of petroleum pollutants is discussed. Copyright © Enviromedia.	None	bioassay; crab; detergent; laboratory method; oil; pollution monitoring; snail; synergism; toxicity test; Catharanthus roseus; Clibanarius; Decapoda (Crustacea); Invertebrata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750508938	Evaluation of a commercial rubella IgM assay for use on oral fluid samples for diagnosis and surveillance of congenital rubella syndrome and postnatal rubella	Vijaylakshmi P., Muthukkaruppan V.R., Rajasundari A., Korukluoglu G., Nigatu W., L.A.Warrener, Samuel D., Brown D.W.G.	2006	Journal of Clinical Virology	37	4	10.1016/j.jcv.2006.09.005	Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, India; Aravind Medical Research Foundation, India; Refik Saydam National Hygiene Center, National Measles Laboratory, Cemal Gursel Cad.No: 18, 06100 Yenisehir, Ankara, Turkey; Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute (EHNRI), PO Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Virus Reference Department, Health Protection Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, NW9 5EQ, United Kingdom; Microimmune Limited, 104A High Street, Brentford, Middlesex TW8 8AT, United Kingdom	Vijaylakshmi, P., Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, India; Muthukkaruppan, V.R., Aravind Medical Research Foundation, India; Rajasundari, A., Aravind Medical Research Foundation, India; Korukluoglu, G., Refik Saydam National Hygiene Center, National Measles Laboratory, Cemal Gursel Cad.No: 18, 06100 Yenisehir, Ankara, Turkey; Nigatu, W., Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute (EHNRI), PO Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; L.A.Warrener, Virus Reference Department, Health Protection Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, NW9 5EQ, United Kingdom; Samuel, D., Virus Reference Department, Health Protection Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, NW9 5EQ, United Kingdom, Microimmune Limited, 104A High Street, Brentford, Middlesex TW8 8AT, United Kingdom; Brown, D.W.G., Virus Reference Department, Health Protection Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, NW9 5EQ, United Kingdom	Background: Clinical diagnosis (surveillance) of rubella is unreliable and laboratory confirmation is essential. Detection of virus specific IgM in serum is the most commonly used method. However, the use of serum necessitates the drawing of blood, either through venipuncture or finger/heel prick, which can be difficult in young babies. Oral fluid samples have proved useful as an alternative, less invasive sample for virus specific IgM detection however until recently no commercial rubella IgM tests were available, restricting the usefulness of this approach. Objectives: To evaluate the performance of the Microimmune Rubella IgM capture EIA using oral fluid samples from outbreaks as well as in cases of suspected congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Study design: Paired serum and oral fluids were collected from cases during a rubella outbreak in three provinces in Turkey. Matched serum and oral fluid samples were collected from children with suspected CRS in an active surveillance programme at the Aravind Eye Hospital in South India. Serum samples were collected as part of the measles surveillance programme in Ethiopia. Results: On serum samples the sensitivity and specificity of the Microimmune Rubella IgM capture EIA compared to Behring Enzygnost rubella IgM test was 96.9% (62/64; 95% CI 94.2-100%) and 100% (53/53; 95% CI 93.2-100%). On oral fluids compared to matched Behring results on serum the sensitivity was 95.5% (42/44; 95% CI 84.5-99.4%). The sensitivity and specificity of Microimmune Rubella IgM capture EIA on oral fluids from suspected CRS cases compared to serum results using Behring Enzygnost IgM assay was 100% (95% CI 84.5-100%) and 100% (95% CI 95.8-100.0%) respectively. Conclusion: Microimmune Rubella IgM capture EIA has adequate performance for diagnosis and surveillance of rubella in outbreak using either serum or oral fluid specimens.	IgM; Oral fluid; Rubella	immunoglobulin M; antigen detection; article; child; congenital rubella syndrome; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; enzyme immunoassay; Ethiopia; human; immune deficiency; India; infant; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; male; measles; priority journal; rubella; Turkey (republic); Antibodies, Viral; Biological Assay; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin M; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Rubella; Saliva; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876959735	Effects of soil parent material and climate on the performance of vitis vinifrra L. cvs. Sauvignon blanc and Cabernet Sauvignon - Part II. Climate, leaf analysis, juice analysis and wine quality	Shange L.P., Conradie W.J.	2012	South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture	33	2	None	ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, 7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa	Shange, L.P., ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, 7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa; Conradie, W.J., ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, 7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa	A five-year investigation (2004/05 to 2008/09) was carried out in two Sauvignon blanc and two Cabernet Sauvignon vineyards in the Helderberg area, Western Cape, South Africa. Soils, derived mainly from granite and shale, were identified in each vineyard. Climatic parameters were measured, while leaves and juice were analysed. Experimental wines were prepared and evaluated annually. The nutritional status of the leaf blades and petioles was not affected by soil parent materials in a consistent pattern. Juice N of grapevines on the shale-derived soil was usually higher than that of vines on the granite-derived soil. The effect of soil parent material on Sauvignon blanc wine style appeared to have been more distinct at the locality where wine quality was highest. At this locality, wine from the grapevines on shale-derived soil (higher water-holding capacity) was best in 2004/05 (dry season), while the reverse was true in the 2007/08 season (wet). The style and/or quality of Cabernet Sauvignon wines were affected to a greater extent by differences in soil parent materials, relative to Sauvignon blanc. Differences were especially noticeable during the cooler and wetter seasons. Better drainage in the case of the granite-derived soils, due to the higher coarse sand fraction, may have played a positive role during these seasons.	Granite; Juice nitrogen; Shale; Wine style	Vitis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956526884	Effects of rootstock on grapevine performance, petiole and must composition, and overall wine score of Vitis vinifera cv. Chardonnay and pinot noir	Wooldridge J., Louw P.J.E., Conradie W.J.	2010	South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture	31	1	None	ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Sapex Exports (Pty) Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa	Wooldridge, J., ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Louw, P.J.E., Sapex Exports (Pty) Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Conradie, W.J., ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa	Characteristics of Chardonnay and Pinot noir vines on Richter 99 (99R), Richter 110 (110R), Ruggeri 140 (140Ru) and SO4 rootstocks were assessed over six consecutive seasons in a factorial field trial on an Avalon soil in Stellenbosch that had been limed to pH 5.75 (1M KCl). Ruggeri 140 promoted the highest cane mass (vigour), highest petiole and must nitrogen (N), lowest ratio of yield to cane mass, and lowest overall wine quality. The lowest cane mass and highest wine quality were produced by vines on 110R. Petiole N, phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), and must N and Ca, were also lower for vines on 110R than for those on 140Ru.	Cane mass; Chardonnay; Must; Petiole; Pinot noir; Yield	Vitaceae; Vitis; Vitis vinifera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956514102	Soil management in the Breede River valley wine grape region, South Africa. 1. Cover crop performance and weed control	Fourie J.C.	2010	South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture	31	1	None	ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa	Fourie, J.C., ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa	Eight cover crop treatments were applied for 12 consecutive years on a medium-textured soil in a vineyard near Robertson (33°50'S, 19°54'E). A treatment with full surface straw mulch and full surface post-emergence chemical control applied from just before grapevine bud break to harvest (BB), and one with no cover crop combined with BB, were also applied. The control consisted of mechanical control in the work row and post-emergence chemical control in the vine row applied from bud break to harvest. Rotating Triticale v. Usgen 18 (triticale) and Vicia dasycarpa Ten. (vetch) did not improve the dry matter production (DMP) of either species. Average DMP decreased as follows: triticale > Secale cereale L. v. Henog (rye)/Vicia faba L. v. Fiord (faba bean) mixture > triticale/vetch biennial rotation > triticale/vetch annual rotation > vetch. Triticale (BB) resulted in total winter weed suppression from 1995 to 1996 and from 2001 to 2004. Total weed control from bud break to the pea size berry stage of the grapevines was achieved with straw mulch (BB), triticale (BB), rye/faba bean mixture (BB) and triticale/vetch rotated biennially (BB) from 2001 to 2003. For triticale combined with full surface post-emergence chemical control applied from grapevine berry set (AB), and for triticale/vetch rotated annually (BB), this was restricted to 2001 and 2003. From the pea size berry stage to harvest, straw mulch (BB), triticale (BB), vetch (BB), rye/faba bean mixture (BB) and triticale (AB) reduced the weed stand significantly in comparison to the control.	Cover crops; Grapevines; Management practices; Mulches; Weed control	Pisum sativum; Secale cereale; Triticosecale; Vicia; Vicia faba; Vicia villosa varia; Vitaceae; Vitis; Vitis vinifera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958786775	Soil management in the breede river valley wine grape region, South Africa. 3. Grapevine performance	Fourie J.C.	2011	South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture	32	1	None	ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa	Fourie, J.C., ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa	Eight cover crop treatments were applied for 12 consecutive years on a medium textured soil in a vineyard near Robertson (33°50'S, 19°54'E). A treatment with full surface straw mulch combined with full surface post-emergence chemical control applied from just before grapevine bud break to harvest (BB) and another with no cover crop combined with BB was also applied. The control consisted of mechanical control in the work row and post-emergence chemical control in the vine row applied from bud break to harvest. In the BB treatments, grapevine shoot growth was signifcantly higher than in the treatment where a perennial cover crop was established in the work row during both the second (1993/94) and third (1994/95) season after the grapevines were established. The grape yield in all the BB treatments, except the one in which a mixture of Secale cereale L. v. Henog and Vicia faba L. v. Fiord was sown, was signifcantly higher than that of the control and the treatment in which a perennial cover crop was sown in the work row during the 1995/96 season. During the 2001/02 season, the grape yield of the BB treatment with a full surface straw mulch was signifcantly higher than that of all the other treatments. The different soil management practices had a signifcant effect on the N status of the juice, but did not affect wine quality.	Cover crops; Grape juice; Grape yield; Grapevines; Shoot growth; Soil management	Secale cereale; Vicia faba; Vitaceae; Vitis; Vitis vinifera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-19944389566	Rapid measurement and evaluation of the effect of drying conditions on harpagoside content in Harpagophytum procumbens (devil's claw) root	Joubert E., Manley M., Gray B.R., Schulz H.	2005	Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry	53	9	10.1021/jf047930c	ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch), 7602, South Africa; Institute for Plant Analysis, Federal Centre for Breeding Research on Cultivated Plants (BAZ), Neuer Weg 22-23, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany	Joubert, E., ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; Manley, M., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch), 7602, South Africa; Gray, B.R., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch), 7602, South Africa; Schulz, H., Institute for Plant Analysis, Federal Centre for Breeding Research on Cultivated Plants (BAZ), Neuer Weg 22-23, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany	The effect of drying conditions on harpagoside (HS) retention, as well as the use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for rapid quantification of the iridoids, HS, and 8-ρ-coumaroyl harpagide (8ρCHG) and moisture, in dried Harpagophytum procumbens (devil's claw) root was investigated. HS retention was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in sun-dried samples as compared to tunnel-dried (60 °C, 30% relative humidity) and freeze-dried samples. The best retention of HS was obtained at 50 °C when evaluating tunnel drying at dry bulb temperatures of 40, 50, and 60 °C and 30% relative humidity. NIRS can effectively predict moisture content with a standard error of prediction (SEP) and correlation coefficient (r) of 0.24% and 0.99, respectively. The HS and 8ρCHG NIRS calibration models established for both iridoid glucosides can be used for screening purposes to get a semiquantitative classification of devil's claw roots (for HS: SEP = 0.236%, r = 0.64; for 8ρCHG: SEP = 0.048%, r = 0.73). © 2005 American Chemical Society.	8-ρ-coumaroyl harpagide; Controlled drying; Devil's claw; Harpagophytum procumbens; Harpagoside; HPLC; Moisture content; NIRS	glycoside; harpagoside; pyran derivative; article; chemistry; comparative study; desiccation; freeze drying; Harpagophytum; methodology; pharmaceutics; plant root; sunlight; temperature; Desiccation; Freeze Drying; Glycosides; Harpagophytum; Plant Roots; Pyrans; Sunlight; Technology, Pharmaceutical; Temperature; Harpagophytum; Harpagophytum procumbens	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955614278	Ssperformance of poverty alleviation projects in South Africa: The case of Vhembe Districtin Limpopo Province	Tshitangoni M., Okorie A., Francis J.	2011	Scientific Research and Essays	6	5	None	Centre for Rural Development and Poverty Alleviation, School of Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa	Tshitangoni, M., Centre for Rural Development and Poverty Alleviation, School of Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; Okorie, A., Centre for Rural Development and Poverty Alleviation, School of Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; Francis, J., Centre for Rural Development and Poverty Alleviation, School of Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa	This paper presents the findings of a review of performance of poverty alleviation projects in Vhembe District of Limpopo Province in South Africa. Data were collected from 30 stratified randomly sampled poverty alleviation projects across the district. Five project strata, namely community gardens (n = 12), poultry (n = 8), piggery (n = 2), bakery (n = 2) and other projects, including juice making, brick making, stone crushing and coffin making (n = 6) constituted the sample. One hundred and eight (108) respondents representing the sampled projects were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Data were coded, processed and analyzed using the Microsoft Excel program and matrix of projects performance. Performance of projects differed by type. All the bakery projects were successful, followed by poultry (62%), community garden and other projects with 33% each. In contrast, all the piggery projects were performing poorly. Overall, the projects performed well (above the 50% threshold), based on the following indicators: availability of project funding, level of commitment by project members and skills as well as knowledge gained. Level of production, generation of income and profit, self-reliance and relevance of projects to addressing project members needs indicated that the projects did not perform well. The results of this study reflected areas of serious concern, in particular the low levels of production; irrelevance of projects to addressing project members needs; inability of projects to generate income and profit; and lack of self-reliance. Given the results of this study, it is desirable to evaluate the performance of all PAPs in the province. ©2011 Academic Journals.	Alleviation; Indicator; Performance; Poverty; Project	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41149107338	Evaluation of spectrophotometric methods for screening of green rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) and green honeybush (Cyclopia genistoides) extracts for high levels of bio-active compounds	Joubert E., Manley M., Botha M.	2008	Phytochemical Analysis	19	2	10.1002/pca.1033	ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag XI, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	Joubert, E., ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa, Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag XI, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Manley, M., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag XI, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Botha, M., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag XI, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	The potential of UV spectrophotometry and an aluminium chloride (AlCl3) colorimetric method to determine the dihydrochalcone (DHC) and mangiferin contents of green rooibos and honeybush (C. genistoides) extracts, respectively, was investigated. The DHC content of rooibos water extracts, determined using UV spectroscopy, correlated with the sum of the aspalathin and nothofagin contents as quantified using HPLC (r = 0.98). A correlation coefficient of 0.91 was obtained when correlating the mangiferin content of C. genistodies methanol extracts, determined by the AlCl3 colorimetric method, with the results obtained by HPLC. Using the linear equations from the correlations it was possible to predict the DHC and mangiferin contents of extracts from the respective spectrophotometric measurements to a reasonable accuracy as an alternative to HPLC. The total polyphenol (TP) content of rooibos water extracts can also be determined using UV spectrophotometry and aspalathin as a standard (r = 0.99) as an alternative to the Folin-Ciocalteau method. The TP content of rooibos extracts correlated (r = 0.99) with its total antioxidant activity (TAA) as determined with the ABTS radical cation scavenging assay, but the TP content of C. genistoides water extracts is not a good indication of their TAA (r = 0.27). The aspalathin content of rooibos extracts correlated with their TAA (r = 0.96), but the mangiferin content of honeybush water extracts only gave a moderate correlation with their TAA (r = 0.75). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.	Aspalathin; Aspalathus linearis; Cyclopia genistoides; Dihydrochalcone; Honeybush; Mangiferin; Rooibos; Screening methods	aluminum chloride; antioxidant; aspalathin; Aspalathus linearis extract; chalcone derivative; Cyclopia genistoides extract; dihydrochalcone; mangiferin; methanol; natural product; nothofagin; plant extract; polyphenol; unclassified drug; accuracy; antioxidant activity; article; Aspalathus; Aspalathus linearis; colorimetry; correlation analysis; correlation coefficient; Cyclopia genistoides; drug screening; drug structure; high performance liquid chromatography; linear system; prediction; quantitative analysis; scavenging system; ultraviolet spectrophotometry; Aluminum Compounds; Aspalathus; Chalcones; Chlorides; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Colorimetry; Cyclopia Plant; Molecular Structure; Plant Extracts; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Water; Xanthones; Aspalathus linearis; Cyclopia genistoides	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924851019	Evaluation of indigenous fynbos and renosterveld species for cover crop management in the vineyards of the Coastal Wine Grape Region, South Africa	Fourie J.C.	2014	South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture	35	1	None	ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Fourie, J.C., ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Four treatments in which fynbos and renosterveld species were employed as cover crops, and two treatments in which exotic species were used as cover crops, were applied. A treatment in which indigenous annuals and an exotic annual was sown as a mixture, and a control in which no cover crop was established, were also included in the trial. These eight treatments were applied for four consecutive years on a sandy soil (33°52 1 S, 18°58' E) and a sandy loam soil (33 °551 S, 18°52 'E) in vineyards near Stellenbosch, South Africa. Effective suppression of the winter growing weeds was achieved with Avena saliva L. cv. Pallinup on a sandy soil from the third season onwards. This was also achieved with a mixture of Ornithopus sativus L. cv. Emena (50%) and three indigenous broadleaf annuals (50%), namely Felicia helerophylla (Cass) Grau, Dimorphothecapluvialis (L.) Moench and Scenecio elegans L. None of the renosterveld and lowland fynbos mixtures or monocultures had the abifity to become established effectively on both the sandy and sandy loam soil, or could compete effectively with the winter-growing weeds commonly found in the vineyards of the Coastal wine grape region of the Western Cape. These species therefore should not be considered for cover crop management in this region.	Biodiversity; Cover crops; Grapevines; Indigenous species; Soil cultivation	Avena sativa; Felicia; Ornithopus sativus; Vitis vinifera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84951964216	Effect of irrigation with diluted winery wastewater on the performance of two grass cover crops in vineyards	Fourie J.C., Theron H., Ochse C.H.	2015	South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture	36	2	None	ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Private Bag X8, Wellington, South Africa	Fourie, J.C., ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Theron, H., Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Private Bag X8, Wellington, South Africa; Ochse, C.H., ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Pennisetum glaucum L. cv. Babala (pearl millet) established as a summer catch crop followed by Avena sativa L. cv Palinup (oats) established as a winter catch crop were irrigated with winery wastewater diluted to eight chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels ranging between 100 mg/L and 3 000 mg!L. The diluted wastewater treatments were compared to irrigation with river water. The dry matter production (DMP) of oats, if not preceded by pearl millet, tended to improve when irrigated with winery wastewater. Growth of pearl millet peaked during the period when 91% of the diluted winery wastewater was applied. Winery wastewater improved the DMP of pearl millet. No trends were observed in the nutrient levels of the above-ground growth of the two interception crops. However, Na levels increased over time. Using both species, too high levels of macro-nutrients were intercepted, but insignificant amounts of Na were removed. Irrigation with winery wastewater with COD levels between 1 500 mg/L and 2 500 mg/L may be sustainable if only pearl millet is employed as an interception crop. Fertiliser needed to maintain the nutrient balance in the soil resulted in an additional cost of approximately R2 800/ha/yr. However, the fodder may provide an income in excess of R15 000/ha/yr.	Catch crops; Cellar effluent; Chemical oxygen demand; Cover crops; Grapevine; Interception crops; Soil cultivation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-68949105688	Effects of season and regulated photoperiod on the reproductive performance of sows	Chokoe T.C., Siebrits F.K.	2009	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	39	1	None	ARC, Department of Reproduction Genetic Resources, Irene Animal Improvement Institute, Private Bag X02, Irene 0062, South Africa; Tshwane University of Technology, Department of Animal Sciences, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Chokoe, T.C., ARC, Department of Reproduction Genetic Resources, Irene Animal Improvement Institute, Private Bag X02, Irene 0062, South Africa, Tshwane University of Technology, Department of Animal Sciences, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Siebrits, F.K., Tshwane University of Technology, Department of Animal Sciences, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Reproductive performance of experimental commercial Dalland sows (n = 87) maintained under a constant photoperiod (10 h light and 14 h darkness) and control sows (n = 187) maintained under natural daylight length (10.4 h light in winter and 13.4 h light in summer) were compared. In early summer 4.1% of experimental sows returned to oestrus compared to 20.8% of the control sows. In late summer 9.1% of experimental sows returned to oestrus compared to 21.9% of the control sows. Reduced photoperiod improved the farrowing rate of experimental sows in the early summer breeding compared to the control group (95.4% and 81.3%, respectively). With winter breeding there was a small proportion of sows that returned to service in both groups (7.9% and 8.9%) while the farrowing rate was high in both groups (93.9% and 91.0% in the experimental and control groups, respectively). Litter sizes derived from early summer services were 11.4 and 11.6 for the experimental and control groups, respectively, while winter services led to litter sizes of 11.6 and 12.4 whereas in late summer services, regulated photoperiod had improved the litter size of the experimental group (12.3) compared to the control group (11.2). © South African Society for Animal Science.	Farrowing rate; Litter size; Regulated photoperiod; Return to oestrus; Season	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951538989	Production and breeding performance of South African dairy herds	Theron H.E., Mostert B.E.	2009	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	39	SUPPL. 1	None	ARC-Animal Production Institute, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa	Theron, H.E., ARC-Animal Production Institute, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa; Mostert, B.E., ARC-Animal Production Institute, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa	Comparisons between production and breeding potential of different feeding systems (Concentrates, Mixed and Pastures) in South Africa were made. Data of active cows participating in performance testing as at November 2007 were used. Holstein cows numbered 68280 in 254 herds and Jersey cows 51275 in 248 herds. Average milk production and lactation number were 8147 ± 2260 and 2.9 ± 1.8 for Holstein and 5347 ± 1156 and 3.1 ± 2.0 for Jersey, respectively. Most Holstein and Jersey herds (53%) were on Mixed rations, followed by Concentrates (28%) and Pastures (19%). Milk production was 9967 ± 2022; 6996 ± 1623 and 7143 ± 1549 kg for Holstein and 6385 ± 1233; 5155 ± 955 and 4753 ± 1022 kg for Jersey cows, respectively, for Concentrates, Mixed and Pasture systems. Most sires used were local (49% of Holstein sires and 68% of Jersey sires). Imported Holstein sires were mostly from USA (30%) and The Netherlands (17%), and foreign Jersey sires (26%) were mostly from the USA. Farmers seemed to select the same sires on the different feeding regimes. Differences between feeding regimes were significant. © South African Society for Animal Science.	Concentrates; Pasture systems; Sire selection	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875846348	Estimates of variance components for postweaning feed intake and growth in bonsmara bulls andevaluation of alternative measures of feed efficiency	MacNeil M.D., Scholtz M.M., Maiwashe A.	2013	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	43	1	10.4314/sajas.v43i1.2	ARC-Animal Production Institute, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa; Delta G, 145 Ice Cave Road, Miles City, MT 59301, United States; University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa	MacNeil, M.D., ARC-Animal Production Institute, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa, Delta G, 145 Ice Cave Road, Miles City, MT 59301, United States, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa; Scholtz, M.M., ARC-Animal Production Institute, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa; Maiwashe, A., ARC-Animal Production Institute, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa	Feed efficiency is of major economic importance in beef production. The objective of this work was to evaluate alternative measures of feed efficiency for use in genetic evaluation. To meet this objective, genetic parameters were estimated for the components of efficiency. These parameters were then used in multiple-trait animal model genetic evaluations and alternative genetic predictors of feed efficiency were derived from the results. Corresponding single-trait evaluations for residual feed intake (RFI), residual daily gain (RDG), and residual intake and gain (RIG) were also conducted. The data contained 3 331 animals with records and an additional 6 322 animals in their pedigree. The alternative measures of feed efficiency were compared using Spearman rank correlations. Heritability estimates for metabolic body weight (MBW), average daily gain (ADG) and averagedaily feed intake (DFI) were 0.38 ± 0.05, 0.25 ± 0.05 and 0.37 ± 0.05, respectively. Estimates of the genetic correlations among these traits were 0.79 ± 0.07, 0.54 ± 0.08 and 0.66 ± 0.08 for MBW with ADG, MBW with DFI, and ADG with DFI, respectively. The various measures of feed efficiency were highly correlated. However, RFI and RDG did provide different rankings of candidates for selection. The combination of RFI and RDG to form RIG appears to provide an effective harmonization of the former two biological measures of efficiency. It is recommended that genetic evaluation systemsinclude analyses of ADG and DFI, and breeders are advised to base selection decisions on the basisof multiple-trait selection indexes that incorporate feed intake and performance.	Genetic evaluation; Residual feed intake; Residual gain	Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951687163	Germplasm evaluation and enhancement for the development of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp dual-purpose F2 genotypes	Moalafi A.I., Asiwe J.A.N., Funnah S.M.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	7	None	ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X 1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Department of Plant Production, University of North West, Mafikeng 2120, South Africa	Moalafi, A.I., ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X 1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Asiwe, J.A.N., ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X 1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Funnah, S.M., Department of Plant Production, University of North West, Mafikeng 2120, South Africa	Cowpea is an important grain legume as well as fodder crop, especially in the dry regions of South Africa. The production of this crop has been below average because of low genetic variation and cultivation of poor-yielding varieties which have not been improved. The potentials of cowpea F2 generation arising from crosses made from 55 exotic parental lines, introduced into South Africa were determined. F1 lines derived from the crosses were advanced to F2 lines in the glass-house, and the segregating F2 families were further evaluated in the field with their parental lines. The following data were collected from the progeny: number of pods per plant, 100 seed-weights, fodder yield, grain yield and harvest index. Results showed that F2 lines exhibited significant differences on all the parameters studied thus indicating the presence of genetic variability among the segregating progeny. Number of pods per plant, 100 seed-weight and harvest index showed higher significant differences. The F2 lines obtained a significant increase in number of pods per plant as compared to their parents, thus indicating the potentials of progeny for higher pod production. Harvest index for F2 lines varied between 0.16 and 0.60 (dual-purpose type), and are mostly medium cowpea types with dual purpose characteristics for producing grain for human consumption and fodder for livestock. These parameters should therefore receive highest priority in developing high yielding dual-purpose varieties. There are several promising F2 progenies which performed exceedingly well over the parents, so further screening is essential until their full potential is attained. © 2010 Academic Journals.	100 seed-weights; Dual-purpose; Germplasm; Harvest index; Segregating population; Vigna unguiculata	Animalia; Vigna unguiculata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646560011	Evaluation and standardisation of small-scale canning methods for small white beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) canned in tomato sauce	Van Der Merwe D., Osthoff G., Pretorius A.J.	2006	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	86	7	10.1002/jsfa.2476	ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Consumer Science, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X 6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Van Der Merwe, D., ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa, Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Consumer Science, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X 6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Osthoff, G., Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Pretorius, A.J., ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Canning and evaluation procedures should be standardised to ensure that beans selected, based on canning quality, meet the requirements set by the market and processors. For the purpose of evaluating the canning qualities of small white beans in tomato sauce, three small-scale canning techniques were evaluated, one of which was found to deliver a product with quality parameters similar to those of international standards. Using South African small white bean cultivars and the selected method, Teebus, the cultivar used by industry as the standard to indicate acceptable canning quality, displayed better visual appearance and less split beans than with the other two methods. The percentage washed drained weight and texture values of Teebus were also in agreement with international standards. The evaluation procedure for the small white beans after canning was also optimised, by comparing two procedures, which identified texture, visual appearance (scale 1 to 10), splits (scale 1 to 10), hydration coefficient, clumping, size and colour as the statistically most suitable quality parameters. With the aid of the developed method, it was possible to define standard values for South African 'choice' and 'standard' grade beans, which previously was based only on 'visual inspection' by a trained inspection panel. © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry.	Canning procedures; Canning quality; Dry beans; Evaluation procedures; Small white beans; Small-scale canning methods	Lycopersicon esculentum; Phaseolus (angiosperm); Phaseolus vulgaris	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872701657	Breeding investigations into the gene action and agronomic performance of sunflower traits based on f1 top-cross hybrids	Makanda I., Matamela T., Mashingaidze K., Chigeza G., Musanya J., Muungani D.	2012	Helia	35	56	10.2298/HEL1256031M	ARC-Grains Crops Institute, P/Bag X1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; ICFR, P.O. Box 100281, Scottsville, 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; ZARI, Private Bag 7, Chilanga, Zambia; Agricultural Seeds and Services (Pvt) Ltd., Eastlea, Harare, Zimbabwe	Makanda, I., ARC-Grains Crops Institute, P/Bag X1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Matamela, T., ARC-Grains Crops Institute, P/Bag X1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Mashingaidze, K., ARC-Grains Crops Institute, P/Bag X1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Chigeza, G., ICFR, P.O. Box 100281, Scottsville, 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Musanya, J., ZARI, Private Bag 7, Chilanga, Zambia; Muungani, D., Agricultural Seeds and Services (Pvt) Ltd., Eastlea, Harare, Zimbabwe	Information on the performance and gene action of sunflower traits is still scarce in southern Africa despite the crop's increasing importance and the growing demand for adapted cultivars. To generate this information, 30 malesterile lines were cross-bred to a restorer line generating 30 experimental hybrids. The hybrids and three check varieties were evaluated in South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Data was analysed using REML procedure in Gen- Stat®. Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed for grain yield traits, oil content and days to 50% flowering. Grain yield ranged between 1700 kg ha-1 and 4278 kg ha-1, 1000-seeds weight between 59.4 g and 89.3 g, oil content between 36.6% and 44.6%, and days to 50% flowering between 55.5 and 68.0 for the hybrids but going up to 70 for the control varieties. Five hybrids were ranked above the highest performing check variety for grain yield. Two hybrids, HV9120 and HV9132, significantly outperformed the highest check variety by up to 19.6% and the lowest check variety by up to 91.6%. Oil content showed similar trends with eight hybrids having up to 6.8% yield advantage over the highest check variety and 19.3% over the lowest check variety. The high yields were attributed to heterosis and indicated the high potential for grain yield and oil content from the current germplasm set. The presence of high yielding hybrids with shorter days to 50% flowering, such as HV9132, HV9127, HV9128 and HV9135, showed that it was possible to breed for the short growing season, characteristics of most southern African areas, without compromising grain yield. General combining ability (GCA) effects were significant for all the traits indicating the importance of additive gene action for the traits. Parental lines KP1235, KP1304 and KP1290 that showed desirable GCA effects for at least three of the important traits, were selected for inclusion in the breeding programme for cultivars adapted to the region.	None	Helianthus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247357793	Subjective visual evaluation vs. traditional and geometric morphometrics in species delimitation: A comparison of moth genitalia	Mutanen M., Pretorius E.	2007	Systematic Entomology	32	2	10.1111/j.1365-3113.2006.00372.x	Department of Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Biology, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, FIN-90014 University of Oulu, Finland	Mutanen, M., Department of Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Biology, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, FIN-90014 University of Oulu, Finland; Pretorius, E., Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Species-level taxonomic studies usually include detailed morphological descriptions of taxa. Traditionally, species descriptions have been based on nonmetric, subjective, visual comparisons of morphological traits regardless of whether diagnostic characters between species are quantitative or qualitative in nature. In difficult cases, traditional morphometrics (morphometrics based on linear measurements or ratios) and appropriate multivariate statistics have been applied to validate species delimitations. Modern geometric morphometrics, a new powerful method to quantify shapes, is increasingly being used in taxonomy and systematics. We compared the results from the three morphology-based methods (subjective visual differentiation and differentiation by traditional morphometrics and geometric morphometrics) using male genital morphology for this purpose. Five species complexes of Lepidoptera Tortricidae and Geometridae were analysed, each having two to four species, and each species being readily identifiable by their wing patterns. The between-species differences were visualized with thin-plate spline deformation grids using average landmark configurations of each species. The results from exploratory and confirmatory statistics of geometric data in a taxonomic context were compared. Morphometrics provided more accurate identification than subjective visual differentiation and the best result was achieved by combined size and shape data. Furthermore, species delimitation using exploratory statistics of landmark data is often problematic because of overlap in scatters. We conclude that geometric morphometrics provides a powerful way to search for differences between taxa and serves as an objective, useful and novel way to visualize morphological variation in shape in insect taxonomy. We recommend more extensive use of geometric morphometric tools in taxonomy. © 2007 The Royal Entomological Society.	None	morphology; morphometry; moth; taxonomy; visual analysis; Geometridae; Hexapoda; Lepidoptera; Tortricidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908155352	Evaluation of physico-chemical properties of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivar 'Wonderful' on three locations of South Africa	Mashavhathakha K.L., Soundy P., Ngezimana W., Mudau F.N.	2014	Tropical Agriculture	91	3	None	ARC-INFRUTTEC-NIETVOORBIJ Horticulture Division, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6FL, South Africa	Mashavhathakha, K.L., ARC-INFRUTTEC-NIETVOORBIJ Horticulture Division, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Soundy, P., Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Ngezimana, W., Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6FL, South Africa; Mudau, F.N., Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6FL, South Africa	The pomegranate fruit is one of the high valued crops, but there is insufficient information regarding the fruit properties in South Africa. The aim of the study was to evaluate the physico-chemical properties of cultivar 'Wonderful' on three locations of the Western Cape. This study was conducted on mature pomegranate fruits harvested in the 2012 and 2013 seasons. Fruit weight (g), length (mm), and width (mm), peel colour and total arils weights (g) were measured. Fruits were also analyzed for total soluble solids (TSS, oBrix %), titratable acidity (TA) and juice pH. Results of the study showed that there were significant differences in all measured factors with the exception of % aril yield between the three locations. Though varied per season, fruits produced at Bonnievalle had better physical and chemical properties than at the other localities. Total soluble solids content varied from 16.0-17.3 (oBrix), pH values from 2.7-3.0, titratable acid content varied from 1.3-1.7 and maturity index from 9.7-13.4. The results clearly reveal the significance of season and location when growing 'Wonderful' in order to obtain higher yield percentage. © 2014 Trop. Agric. (Trinidad).	Chemical properties; Cultivar; Physical properties; Pomegranate	Lythraceae; Punica granatum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650195928	Effects of whey and molasses as silage additives on potato hash silage quality and growth performance of lambs	Nkosi B.D., Meeske R.	2010	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	40	3	None	ARC-LBD: Animal Production Institute, P/Bag x 2, Irene 0062, South Africa; Western Cape Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 249, George 6530, South Africa	Nkosi, B.D., ARC-LBD: Animal Production Institute, P/Bag x 2, Irene 0062, South Africa; Meeske, R., Western Cape Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 249, George 6530, South Africa	The aim of the study was to determine the effect of whey or molasses on the fermentation quality when added to potato hash silage. In addition, lamb performance, digestibility and feed intake of diets containing potato hash silage were compared with a diet containing maize silage (MSd). Potato hash silage (treated with no additive, or whey, or molasses) and MS were produced in 210 L drums for 90 days and the fermentation quality of the silages was determined thereafter. Diets were formulated and fed ad libitum to 32 South African Dorper lambs (23.5 ± 0.873 kg live weight) for 63 days. A digestibility study was conducted during the last week of the study. The untreated potato hash silage (UPHS) was poorly fermented as indicated by higher concentrations of butyric acid, ammonia-N and pH compared to the other silages. Higher dry matter intake (DMI) and daily weight gains (218 and 250 g/d) were obtained with MSd and molasses treated potato hash silage diet (MPHSd) compared to the other diets. Nutrient digestibility was lower in the UPHS diet compared to the other dietary treatments. It was concluded that the fermentation quality of potato hash was improved with the addition of whey and molasses. Furthermore, growth performance was higher with the MSd and MPHSd than of the other treatments, suggesting that MPHSd can safely replace MSd in a lamb diet at a dietary inclusion level of 20% without any adverse effect on animal performance. © South African Society for Animal Science.	Digestibility; Dry matter; Fermentation; Intake; Maize silage	Animalia; Ovis aries; Solanum tuberosum; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955032736	Effects of dietary replacement of maize grain with popcorn waste products on nutrient digestibility and performance by lambs	Nkosi B.D., Meeske R., van der Merwe H.J., Acheampong-Boateng O., Langa T.	2010	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	40	2	None	ARC-LBD: Animal Production Institute, P/Bag x2, Irene 0062, South Africa; Western Cape Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 249, George 6530, South Africa; Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Science, University of the Free State, South Africa; Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, University of Venda, South Africa	Nkosi, B.D., ARC-LBD: Animal Production Institute, P/Bag x2, Irene 0062, South Africa; Meeske, R., Western Cape Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 249, George 6530, South Africa; van der Merwe, H.J., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Science, University of the Free State, South Africa; Acheampong-Boateng, O., Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, University of Venda, South Africa; Langa, T., ARC-LBD: Animal Production Institute, P/Bag x2, Irene 0062, South Africa	A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary replacement of maize with popcorn waste (PW) on the intake, nutrient digestibility and growth performance of lambs. Diets replacing 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% maize with PW were formulated and fed ad libitum to 40 South African Mutton Merino lambs (25.0 ± 0.45 kg live-weight). The diets had similar intake and nutrient digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF). Lambs fed the 25 and 50% PW diets had higher intakes of crude protein (CP), metabolizable energy and ether extract compared to the other diets. Growth rate was highest (226 g/d) on the 25% diet and lowest (109 g/d) on the 75% PW diet. Best feed conversion ratio (FCR), of 5.1 (kg feed/kg live weight) was obtained with the 0% PW diet. Improved digestibility of CP and EE occurred in the 25 and 75% PW diets. Higher intake of nitrogen (N) and N retention were obtained in the 25 and 50% PW diets. Dietary replacement of >75% of maize resulted in poor animal performance (ADG < 150 g/d and FCR >7.00). It was concluded that PW can replace up to 50% of the maize in diets for growing lambs. © South African Society for Animal Science.	Average daily gain; By-Products; Lambs; Maize; Popcorn	Animalia; Ovis aries; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34347353294	The impact of heavy grazing on an ephemeral river system in the succulent karoo, South Africa	Allsopp N., Gaika L., Knight R., Monakisi C., Hoffman M.T.	2007	Journal of Arid Environments	71	1	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.03.001	ARC-LBD: Range and Forage Unit, Private Bag X17 Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Lesley Hill Institute of Plant Conservation, Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa	Allsopp, N., ARC-LBD: Range and Forage Unit, Private Bag X17 Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Gaika, L., Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Knight, R., Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Monakisi, C., Lesley Hill Institute of Plant Conservation, Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa; Hoffman, M.T., Lesley Hill Institute of Plant Conservation, Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa	The impact of long-term high grazing pressure on geomorphological features, plant community composition and cover and soil characteristics of an ephemeral river system in Namaqualand, South Africa, was compared to that of lighter grazing pressure across fencelines which crossed the river system. Under heavy grazing the river system was less braided and a higher proportion of the river width was unvegetated runoff channels. The river system was generally dominated by very sandy soil. However, more silt and organic matter, and less sand were found in soil under plants growing in the river bed. Since vegetation cover was much higher under light grazing, river soil was more fertile when grazing was light. A plant species compositional shift when grazing pressure was high resulted in riparian vegetation which more closely resembled the surrounding rangelands. Graminoid growth forms were encountered more frequently in the lightly grazed river. A rest from grazing of 33 months resulted in increased plant cover in another section of the river system. Heavy grazing alters the physical and soil features of this river system by reducing plant cover. Riparian vegetation, by slowing flow rates and catching light soil particles increases landscape heterogeneity and creates productive sites in the landscape. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Animal-plant interactions; Landscape patches; Livestock impacts; Namaqualand; Resource control; Riparian vegetation	community composition; ephemeral pool; grazing pressure; Karoo Supergroup; landscape; livestock; plant community; plant-herbivore interaction; riparian vegetation; river system; sedge; vegetation cover; Africa; Namaqualand; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952467373	Evaluation of activated charcoal as treatment for Yellow tulp (Moraea pallida) poisoning in cattle	Snyman L.D., Schultz R.A., Botha C.J., Labuschagne L., Joubert J.P.J.	2009	Journal of the South African Veterinary Association	80	4	None	ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; 16 Hickman street, Parys, 9585, South Africa	Snyman, L.D., ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Schultz, R.A., ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Botha, C.J., Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Labuschagne, L., ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Joubert, J.P.J., ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa, 16 Hickman street, Parys, 9585, South Africa	The efficacy of activated charcoal as a treatment for cattle (n = 57) poisoned by Yellow tulp (Moraea pallida) was investigated. Treatment with activated charcoal resulted in full recovery, irrespective of the degree of posterior paresis, provided that this clinical sign did not develop within the first 12 hours after initial exposure to Yellow tulp-infested grazing. For instance, despite treatment, 1 of 7 cattle succumbed after manifesting mild posterior paresis 6 to 8 h after initial exposure and 3 of 3 treated cattle died after developing severe posterior paresis within 6 to 12 h.	Activated charcoal; Moraea pallida; Treatment; Yellow tulp poisoning	activated carbon; carbopal-gn-h; unclassified drug; cardiac glycoside; charcoal; plant toxin; animal experiment; article; cattle disease; disease severity; drug efficacy; drug treatment failure; exposure; intoxication; lethality; nonhuman; paresis; plant; yellow tulp; animal; animal disease; cattle; female; Iridaceae; male; South Africa; treatment outcome; Bos; Moraea; Animals; Cardiac Glycosides; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Charcoal; Female; Iridaceae; Male; Plant Poisoning; South Africa; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956265695	In vitro and in vivo evaluation of five low molecular weight proteins of Ehrlichia ruminantium as potential vaccine components	Sebatjane S.I., Pretorius A., Liebenberg J., Steyn H., Van Kleef M.	2010	Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology	137	42433	10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.05.011	ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa	Sebatjane, S.I., ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Pretorius, A., ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Liebenberg, J., ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Steyn, H., ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Van Kleef, M., ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa	Low molecular weight (LMW) proteins of E. ruminantium can induce proliferation of immune peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) by CD4+-enriched T-cells. In this study, a reverse vaccinology approach was applied to identify additional vaccine candidates focusing on genes that encode LMW proteins smaller than 20. kDa. Five open reading frames (ORFs) were selected from the E. ruminantium genome and their corresponding recombinant (r) proteins were produced in a bacterial expression system. Their ability to induce proliferative responses and IFN-γ production was evaluated in vitro using lymphocyte proliferation and ELISPOT assays. All five recombinant proteins induced proliferation of immune PBMCs and IFN-γ production by these cells. The corresponding five genes were each individually incorporated into pCMViUBs, a mammalian expression vector and tested as a potential vaccine in sheep using a DNA prime-protein boost immunisation regimen. A cocktail of these DNA constructs protected one out of five sheep against a virulent E. ruminantium (Welgevonden) needle challenge. Three of the five vaccinated sheep showed an increase in their proliferative responses and production of IFN-γ before challenge. This response decreased after challenge in the sheep that succumbed to the challenge and increased in the sheep that survived. This finding indicates that sustained IFN-γ production is likely to be involved in conferring protective immunity against heartwater. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.	DNA vaccine; E. ruminantium; ELISPOT; Recombinant proteins	gamma interferon; plasmid DNA; recombinant protein; animal model; article; bacterial genome; bacterial infection; cell proliferation; controlled study; cytokine production; Ehrlichia ruminantium; enzyme linked immunospot assay; in vitro study; in vivo study; lymphocyte proliferation; molecular weight; nonhuman; open reading frame; peripheral blood mononuclear cell; sheep; vaccination; Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Vaccines; Ehrlichia ruminantium; Immunization, Secondary; Interferon-gamma; Lymphocyte Activation; Molecular Weight; Open Reading Frames; Sheep; Vaccines, DNA; Bacteria (microorganisms); Ehrlichia ruminantium; Mammalia; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880293862	Resistance evaluation of wheat germplasm containing Dn4 or Dny against Russian wheat aphid biotype RWASA3	Tolmay V.L., Jankielsohn A., Sydenham S.L.	2013	Journal of Applied Entomology	137	6	10.1111/jen.12008	ARC-Small Grain Institute, Bethlehem, South Africa	Tolmay, V.L., ARC-Small Grain Institute, Bethlehem, South Africa; Jankielsohn, A., ARC-Small Grain Institute, Bethlehem, South Africa; Sydenham, S.L., ARC-Small Grain Institute, Bethlehem, South Africa	Host plant resistance can effectively manage Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) Kurdjumov (Homoptera: Aphididae) in areas where it is an economically important pest of wheat. However, biotypes of D. noxia virulent on wheat containing resistance gene Dn4 have been reported in both the United States and South Africa. Thirty wheat genotypes, including susceptible Yuma, resistant CItr2401, as well as 25 genotypes containing Dn4 and three genotypes containing Dny were planted under greenhouse conditions in Bethlehem, South Africa, and screened with D. noxia biotype RWASA3. RWASA3 caused susceptible damage symptoms in MTRWA92-145, Ankor, Halt, Bond CL, 18FAWWON-SA 262, Prowers99, 18FAWWON-SA 264, Hatcher, Yumar, Corwa and Thunder CL all reported to contain the Dn4 resistance gene. Genotypes PI586956, Stanton and 18FAWWON-SA 257, containing the Dny-resistance gene were susceptible to RWASA3. Similarly, coinciding development of virulence to resistance genes Dn4 and Dny was reported in the United States. However, in this study, 13 Dn4-containing genotypes showed moderate resistance when screened with RWASA3 alluding to a more complex biotype-gene-interaction. These findings could indicate that Dn4 and Dny may be related and possibly share a similar or common resistance factor. Further studies will be aimed at explaining these results investigating the possibility of an allelic cluster or series for Dn4, possibly including Dny. © 2012 Blackwell Verlag, GmbH.	Diuraphis noxia; Host plant resistance; Triticum aestivum	aphid; biotype; genetic analysis; genotype; germplasm; host plant; pest resistance; symptom; virulence; wheat; Arizona; Russian Federation; South Africa; United States; Yuma; Aphididae; Diuraphis noxia; Hemiptera; Triticum aestivum; Yuma	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349648781	The influence of second language teaching on undergraduate mathematics performance	Gerber A., Harding A.F., Engelbrecht J., Rogan J.	2005	Mathematics Education Research Journal	17	3	10.1007/BF03217419	Arcus GIBB, PO Box 35007, Menlo Park, 0102, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa; Science Education Research Group, University of KwaZuluNatal, Pietermartizburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3202, South Africa	Gerber, A., Arcus GIBB, PO Box 35007, Menlo Park, 0102, Pretoria, South Africa; Harding, A.F., Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa; Engelbrecht, J., Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa; Rogan, J., Science Education Research Group, University of KwaZuluNatal, Pietermartizburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3202, South Africa	Understanding abstract concepts and ideas in mathematics, if instruction takes place in the first language of the student, is difficult. Yet worldwide students often have to master mathematics via a second or third language. The majority of students in South Africa - a country with eleven official languages - has to face this difficulty. In a quantitative study of first year calculus students, we investigated two groups of students. For one group tuition took place in their home language; for the second group, tuition was in English, a second or even a third language. Performance data on their secondary mathematics and first year tertiary calculus were analysed. The study showed that there was no significant difference between the adjusted means of the entire group of first language learners and the entire group of second language learners. Neither was there any statistically significant difference between the performances of the two groups of second language learners (based on the adjusted means). Yet, there did seem to be a significant difference between the achievement of Afrikaans students attending Afrikaans lectures and Afrikaans students attending English lectures.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943809362	Evaluation of the safety, gastroprotective activity and mechanism of action of standardised leaves infusion extract of Copaifera malmei Harms	Adzu B., Balogun S.O., Pavan E., Ascêncio S.D., Soares I.M., Aguiar R.W.S., Ribeiro R.V., Beserra Â.M.S.E.S., De Oliveira R.G., Da Silva L.I., Damazo A.S., Martins D.T.D.O.	2015	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	175	None	10.1016/j.jep.2015.09.027	Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil; Área de Histologia, Departamento de Ciências Básica	Adzu, B., Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Abuja, Nigeria; Balogun, S.O., Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil; Pavan, E., Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil; Ascêncio, S.D., Laboratório de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Curso de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins (UFT), Palmas, Brazil; Soares, I.M., Laboratório de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Curso de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins (UFT), Palmas, Brazil; Aguiar, R.W.S., Departamento da Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi, Brazil; Ribeiro, R.V., Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil; Beserra, Â.M.S.E.S., Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil; De Oliveira, R.G., Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil; Da Silva, L.I., Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil; Damazo, A.S., Área de Histologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil; Martins, D.T.D.O., Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil	Ethnopharmacological relevance Copaifera malmei Harms (Fabaceae) is a plant that occurs in the central region of Brazil, where the plant's leaves infusion is popularly used to treat gastric ulcer and inflammatory diseases. This study was aimed to investigate the gastroprotective activity and mode of action of the plants' leaves infusion in order to establish the scientific basis for such usage, and to assess its potential as a source of an anti-ulcer agent. Materials and methods Leaves infusion extract of the plant (SIECm) was prepared, freeze dried and lyophilised. Its qualitative and quantitative phytochemical constituents were investigated using TLC and HPLC techniques. The safety profile was evaluated on CHO-k1 epithelial cells viability using the Alamar blue assay, and by acute toxicity test in mice. The gastroprotection and anti-ulcer efficacy of the SIECm (25, 100 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) were tested using acute (acidified ethanol, piroxicam and water restrain stress), and chronic (acetic acid) experimental ulcer models. The plausible mode of action of the SIECm was assessed using gastric secretion, gastric barrier mucus, nitric oxide, and its antioxidant (myeloperoxidase and catalase) effects in mice and rats. The histopathological analyses of the ulcerated tissues as well as the extract's activity on Helicobacter pylori were also investigated. Results Phytochemical tests indicated the presence of mainly phytosterols, phenolics and flavonoids. The SIECm exhibited no cytotoxic effects on the CHO-k1 cells, and no oral acute toxicity in mice. It prevented against the acute induced ulcerations by enhancing gastroprotection through gastric mucus production, NO modulation, antioxidant, reduced gastric secretion and enhanced chronic ulcers healing process, as shown by reduction/prevention of epithelial and vascular damage, in addition to reduction in leucocyte infiltration. The SIECm however did not exhibit activity against H. pylori. Conclusion The SIECm is safe, contain useful phytochemicals and exhibited significant gastroprotective/anti-ulcer effects. The results justify its folkloric usage, and provided scientific evidence of its potential as a source of new phytodrug to treat gastric ulcers. © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Acute toxicity; Copaifera malmei; Gastroprotection; Leaves infusion; Phytochemicals	acetic acid; alcohol; antiulcer agent; carbenoxolone; catalase; catechin; copaifera malmei extract; ellagic acid; flavonoid; gallic acid; myeloperoxidase; nitric oxide; phenol derivative; phytosterol; piroxicam; plant extract; quercetin; rutoside; unclassified drug; water; acute toxicity; adult; analytic method; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antioxidant activity; antiulcer activity; Article; blood vessel injury; cell viability; CHO cell line; clinical assessment; controlled study; Copaifera malmei; drug efficacy; drug mechanism; drug safety; drug screening; epithelium cell; experimental mouse; experimental rat; Fabaceae; freeze drying; Helicobacter pylori; high performance liquid chromatography; histopathology; immobilization stress; infusion; lymphocytic infiltration; lyophilisate; medicinal plant; mouse; nonhuman; plant leaf; qualitative analysis; quantitative analysis; rat; resazurin assay; single drug dose; stomach lesion; stomach mucus; stomach protection; stomach secretion; stomach ulcer; thin layer chromatography; ulcer healing; water restraint stress	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-50349102618	Trophallactic activities in the honeybee brood nest - Heaters get supplied with high performance fuel	Basile R., Pirk C.W.W., Tautz J.	2008	Zoology	111	6	10.1016/j.zool.2007.11.002	BEEgroup, Department of Zoology II, Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa	Basile, R., BEEgroup, Department of Zoology II, Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany; Pirk, C.W.W., Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa; Tautz, J., BEEgroup, Department of Zoology II, Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany	Honeybees actively regulate their brood temperature by heating between 33 and 36 °C if ambient temperatures are lower. Heat is generated by vibrating the flight muscles. Heating rapidly depletes the worker's internal energy; therefore heating performance is limited by the honey that is ingested before the heating process. Stored honey is the predefined fuel for flying and heating, but it is stored at a distance from the broodcomb, causing a potential logistic problem of efficient energy supply in the brood area. Our study focused on the behaviour and the thoracic temperature of the participants in trophallactic food exchanges on the broodcomb. We found that 85.5% of the recipients in a trophallactic food exchange have a higher thoracic temperature during feeding contacts than donors and after the feeding contact the former engage in brood heating more often. The donor bees have lower thoracic temperature and shuttle constantly between honey stores and the broodcomb where they transfer the stored honey to heating bees. Providing heat-emitting workers with small doses of high performance fuel contributes to an economic distribution of resources consistent with physiological conditions of the bees and the ecological requirements of the hive. The trophallaxis-based system is essential to provide the energy-intensive brood warming activity. The emerging independence from ambient temperatures is not only beneficial for brood rearing during times of sudden cold spells, but also enables the honeybees in temperate regions to raise brood in early spring and might be the decisive factor for the occurrence of honeybees in temperate climates in general. © 2008 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.	Apis mellifera; Brood heating; Food exchange; Trophallaxis	animal; article; bee; body temperature; feeding behavior; heat; honey; nesting; physiology; social behavior; thermoregulation; Animals; Bees; Body Temperature; Body Temperature Regulation; Feeding Behavior; Honey; Hot Temperature; Nesting Behavior; Social Behavior; Apis mellifera; Apoidea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860343597	The dynamics of urban expansion and its impacts on land use/land cover change and small-scale farmers living near the urban fringe: A case study of Bahir Dar, Ethiopia	Haregeweyn N., Fikadu G., Tsunekawa A., Tsubo M., Meshesha D.T.	2012	Landscape and Urban Planning	106	2	10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.02.016	Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan; Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Ethiopia	Haregeweyn, N., Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan, Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Ethiopia; Fikadu, G., Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Ethiopia; Tsunekawa, A., Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan; Tsubo, M., Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan; Meshesha, D.T., Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan	This study evaluated the dynamics of urban expansion and its impacts on land use/land cover change and livelihoods of small-scale farmers living near the urban fringe of Bahir Dar in northwest Ethiopia. Aerial photos for the years 1957, 1984, and 1994 as well as field mapping using GPS for the year 2009 were employed and analyzed using GIS. Heads of 271 households affected by the expansion were interviewed to evaluate the impacts of expansion and compensation modalities in practice. Results showed that the urban area expanded annually by about 12%, 14% and 5% during the periods: 1957-1984, 1984-1994 and 1994-2009, respectively. The area showed an overall annual increment of 31%, from 279. ha in 1957 to 4830. ha in 2009. Built-up areas increased as a result of horizontal expansion, from 80. ha in 1957 to 848. ha in 1994, but also due to intensification at the expense of agricultural areas, from 80 to 155. ha, during the same period. A total of 242.2. ha of farmland was expropriated from 271 households between 2004 and 2009, and 96% of those interviewed believed that the compensation was insufficient, as the decision is influenced by the government's land ownership system. We predict that the current urban area will double by 2024. This will have far-reaching ecological, socio-economic and environmental impacts. A better understanding of the dynamics of urban growth and its associated impacts in the urban fringe can help form a basis for sustainable planning of future developments of areas experiencing urban expansion. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Ethiopia; Expropriation; Horizontal expansion; Intensification; Urban expansion; Urban fringe	Ethiopia; Expropriation; Horizontal expansion; Intensification; Urban expansion; Urban fringe; Agriculture; Crystal orientation; Dynamics; aerial photography; agricultural intensification; agricultural land; agricultural worker; GIS; GPS; land cover; land use change; land use planning; landownership; urban growth; Ethiopia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897839766	Land-use change and its socio-environmental impact in Eastern Ethiopia's highland	Meshesha D.T., Tsunekawa A., Tsubo M., Ali S.A., Haregeweyn N.	2014	Regional Environmental Change	14	2	10.1007/s10113-013-0535-2	Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan; Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 UP, India; Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Tigray, P.O. Box 231, Mek'ele, Ethiopia; Institutes for Soil, Climate and Water, Agricultural Research Council, 600 Belvedere Street, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0083, South Africa	Meshesha, D.T., Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan; Tsunekawa, A., Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan; Tsubo, M., Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan, Institutes for Soil, Climate and Water, Agricultural Research Council, 600 Belvedere Street, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0083, South Africa; Ali, S.A., Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 UP, India; Haregeweyn, N., Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan, Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Tigray, P.O. Box 231, Mek'ele, Ethiopia	The Alemaya district (Eastern Ethiopian highlands) is characterized by undulating physiographic features with arid, semi-arid, and humid climatic conditions. This study evaluated socio-environmental changes in land use and land cover during 1985-2011. Screen digitization on remotely sensed data (i.e., Landsat images from 1985 to 2011) was performed to produce 10 classes of land use and land cover. Then, final land-use maps were prepared using a geographic information system following field verification and accuracy assessment. The drying of water bodies, including the prominent lakes Alemaya, Adele, and Tinike, had been the most important environmental change observed. Degraded land, marsh, perennial cropland, and residential areas increased by 37, 438, 42, and 190 %, respectively, whereas grassland, plantation, shrubland, and temporal cropland decreased by 64, 11, 63, and 29 %, respectively. The increase in land degradation (+37 %), the other major observed problem, has made large areas unsuitable for agriculture and has reduced crop productivity. These land-use and land-cover changes have affected both the environment and the livelihoods of local residents; especially the issue related to land degradation requires urgent attention. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Alemaya; Image classification; Lake retreat; Land degradation; Land-use change; Satellite image	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876141943	Assessing the performance of a spatially distributed soil erosion and sediment delivery model (WATEM/SEDEM) in northern ethiopia	Haregeweyn N., Poesen J., Verstraeten G., Govers G., de Vente J., Nyssen J., Deckers J., Moeyersons J.	2013	Land Degradation and Development	24	2	10.1002/ldr.1121	Arid Land Research Centre, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan; Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, PO Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Division of Geography, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 E, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Department of Desertification and Geoecology, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (EEZA-CSIC), Almeria, Spain; Department of Geography, Gent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S8), B 9000 Gent, Belgium; Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 E, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Agriculture and Forestry Economics, Royal Museum for Central Africa, B-3080, Tervuren, Belgium	Haregeweyn, N., Arid Land Research Centre, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan, Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, PO Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Poesen, J., Division of Geography, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 E, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Verstraeten, G., Division of Geography, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 E, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Govers, G., Division of Geography, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 E, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; de Vente, J., Department of Desertification and Geoecology, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (EEZA-CSIC), Almeria, Spain; Nyssen, J., Department of Geography, Gent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S8), B 9000 Gent, Belgium; Deckers, J., Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 E, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Moeyersons, J., Agriculture and Forestry Economics, Royal Museum for Central Africa, B-3080, Tervuren, Belgium	Most regional-scale soil erosion models are spatially lumped and hence have limited application to practical problems such as the evaluation of the spatial variability of soil erosion and sediment delivery within a catchment. Therefore, the objectives of this study were as follows: (i) to calibrate and assess the performance of a spatially distributed WATEM/SEDEM model in predicting absolute sediment yield and specific sediment yield from 12 catchments in Tigray (Ethiopia) by using two different sediment transport capacity equations (original and modified) and (ii) to assess the performance of WATEM/SEDEM for the identification of critical sediment source areas needed for targeting catchment management. The performance of the two model versions for sediment yield was found promising for the 12 catchments. For both versions, model performance for the nine catchments with limited gully erosion was clearly better than the performance obtained when including the three catchments with significant gully erosion. Moreover, there is no significant difference (alpha 5 per cent) between the performances of the two model versions. Cultivated lands were found to be on average five times more prone to erosion than bush-shrub lands. The predicted soil loss values in most parts of Gindae catchment are generally high as compared with the soil formation rates. This emphasises the importance of implementing appropriate soil and water conservation measures in critical sediment source areas prioritising the steepest part of the catchment (i.e. areas with slope >50 per cent). The applicability of the WATEM/SEDEM model to environments where gully erosion is important requires the incorporation of permanent gully and bank gully erosion in the model structure. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Calibration; Critical sediment-source areas; Ethiopia; Gully erosion; Sediment delivery model; Sediment yield; Soil erosion; Transport capacity	Critical sediment-source areas; Ethiopia; Gully erosion; Sediment delivery; Sediment yields; Soil erosion; Transport capacity; Calibration; Erosion; Geologic models; Landforms; Runoff; Sediment transport; Sedimentology; Soils; Spatial distribution; Water conservation; Catchments; calibration; catchment; gully erosion; numerical model; sediment transport; sediment yield; soil conservation; soil erosion; spatial variation; Ethiopia; Tigray	None
WoS	WOS:000267045500033	Multidimensional evaluation of managed relocation	Ashe, Daniel M.,Brennan, E. Jean,Camacho, Alejandro,Clark, Jamie Rappaport,Early, Regan,Etterson, Julie R.,Fielder, E. Dwight,Gill, Jacquelyn L.,Gonzalez, Patrick,Hellmann, Jessica J.,McLachlan, Jason S.,Minteer, Ben A.,Polasky, Stephen,Richardson, David	2009	PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA	106	24	10.1073/pnas.0902327106	Arizona State University, Brown University, Stanford University, Stellenbosch University, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), United States Forest Service, University of British Columbia, University of California Berkeley, University of California Davis, University of California System, University of Minnesota Duluth, University of Minnesota System, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, University of Notre Dame, University of Wisconsin Madison, University of Wisconsin System, Bur Land Management, USDA Forest Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Service	"Camacho, Alejandro: University of Notre Dame","Early, Regan: Brown University","Etterson, Julie R.: University of Minnesota Duluth","Etterson, Julie R.: University of Minnesota System","Etterson, Julie R.: University of Minnesota Twin Cities","Gill, Jacquelyn L.: University of Wisconsin Madison","Gill, Jacquelyn L.: University of Wisconsin System","Gonzalez, Patrick: University of California Berkeley","Gonzalez, Patrick: University of California System","Hellmann, Jessica J.: University of Notre Dame","McLachlan, Jason S.: University of Notre Dame","Minteer, Ben A.: Arizona State University","Richardson, David M.: Stellenbosch University","Safford, Hugh D.: United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)","Safford, Hugh D.: United States Forest Service","Sala, Osvaldo E.: Brown University","Sax, Dov F.: Brown University","Schwartz, Mark W.: University of California Davis","Schwartz, Mark W.: University of California System",	Managed relocation (MR) has rapidly emerged as a potential intervention strategy in the toolbox of biodiversity management under climate change. Previous authors have suggested that MR (also referred to as assisted colonization, assisted migration, or assisted translocation) could be a last-alternative option after interrogating a linear decision tree. We argue that numerous interacting and value-laden considerations demand a more inclusive strategy for evaluating MR. The pace of modern climate change demands decision making with imperfect information, and tools that elucidate this uncertainty and integrate scientific information and social values are urgently needed. We present a heuristic tool that incorporates both ecological and social criteria in a multidimensional decision-making framework. For visualization purposes, we collapse these criteria into 4 classes that can be depicted in graphical 2-D space. This framework offers a pragmatic approach for summarizing key dimensions of MR: capturing uncertainty in the evaluation criteria, creating transparency in the evaluation process, and recognizing the inherent tradeoffs that different stakeholders bring to evaluation of MR and its alternatives.	"assisted migration","CLIMATE CHANGE","CONSERVATION BIOLOGY","conservation strategy","sustainability science","ASSISTED COLONIZATION",CLIMATE-CHANGE,DEBATE,MIGRATION	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84894078678	Evaluation of three-way maize (Zea mays L) hybrids for yield and resistance to maize streak virus and turcicum leaf blight diseases	Karavina C., Mandumbu R., Mukaro R.	2014	Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences	24	1	None	Bindura University of Science Education, Department of Crop Science, Private Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Department of Research and Specialist Services, Crop Breeding Institute, P. O. Box CY550, Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe	Karavina, C., Bindura University of Science Education, Department of Crop Science, Private Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Mandumbu, R., Bindura University of Science Education, Department of Crop Science, Private Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Mukaro, R., Department of Research and Specialist Services, Crop Breeding Institute, P. O. Box CY550, Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe	Maize, a staple food crop in sub-Saharan Africa and many other parts of the world, is affected by many diseases that reduce yield. Disease management has mainly been reliant on chemical and cultural control options. However, such options are unsustainable to the smallholder resource poor farmers and environmentally unfriendly. A study carried out at the Harare Research Station evaluated eight three-way and four commercial maize hybrids for yield and resistance to Maize streak virus using controlled leaf hopper infestation and Turcicum Leaf Blight under artificial inoculation. The objectives of the study were to identify hybrids that have multiple resistance to Maize streak virus and Turcicum Leaf Blight and to determine the relationship between disease severity and yield performance of the hybrids. The experiment was laid out in a split plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design with Disease type as the main plot factor while Maize hybrids were the subplot factor. Ratings of 1 (tolerant) to 5 (susceptible) based on streaked and blighted leaf surfaces were used. The hybrid 053WH54 had multiple resistance to Turcicum Leaf Blight and Maize streak virus. The hybrids 043WH61 and 043WH07 were high-yielding even at high disease pressure while 043WH41 and 013WH03 were relatively low yielding at low disease pressure. This showed the inherent genetic diversity of the hybrids. The hybrids ZS 225, 043WH61 and 043WH07 are recommended for production in areas with high prevalence of both diseases.	Hybrid; Maize streak virus; Resistance; Severity; Turcicum Leaf Blight; Yield	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-72149098388	Is tuberculous lymphadenitis over-diagnosed in Ethiopia? Comparative performance of diagnostic tests for mycobacterial lymphadenitis in a high-burden country	Iwnetu R., Van Den Hombergh J., Woldeamanuel Y., Asfaw M., Gebrekirstos C., Negussie Y., Bekele T., Ashenafi S., Seyoum B., Melaku K., Yamuah L., Tilahun H., Tadesse Z., Aseffa A.	2009	Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases	41	42528	10.1080/00365540902897697	Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), ALERT Compound, Jimma Road, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; TB and Leprosy Control Team, Federal Ministry of Health, Ethiopia; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Addis Ababa University, Harar, Ethiopia; Hiwot Fana Hospital, Harar; Felege Hiwot Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Iwnetu, R., Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), ALERT Compound, Jimma Road, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Van Den Hombergh, J., TB and Leprosy Control Team, Federal Ministry of Health, Ethiopia; Woldeamanuel, Y., Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Addis Ababa University, Harar, Ethiopia; Asfaw, M., Hiwot Fana Hospital, Harar; Gebrekirstos, C., Felege Hiwot Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Negussie, Y., Felege Hiwot Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Bekele, T., Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ashenafi, S., Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Seyoum, B., Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), ALERT Compound, Jimma Road, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Melaku, K., Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Yamuah, L., Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), ALERT Compound, Jimma Road, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Tilahun, H., Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), ALERT Compound, Jimma Road, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Tadesse, Z., TB and Leprosy Control Team, Federal Ministry of Health, Ethiopia; Aseffa, A., Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), ALERT Compound, Jimma Road, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Ethiopia reports the third highest number of extrapulmonary TB cases globally, most of which are lymph node TB (TBLN). We investigated the performance of the available diagnostic tests for TBLN. Fine needle aspirate (FNA) and excision biopsy samples from affected lymph nodes were collected from 150 consenting patients with suspected TBLN visiting regional hospitals in Ethiopia. The sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of histopathology against culture as reference was 92%, 88%, 97% and 77% and of FNA cytology (FNAC) 76%, 88%, 100% and 55%, respectively. Naked eye examination of FNA had 67% sensitivity and 64% specificity. HIV coinfection did not diminish the performance of macroscopic examination, Ziehl-Neelsen stain, histology or cytology examinations. When any positive result in ZN, histopathology or culture was considered confirmatory, clinical diagnosis could be confirmed in 85% of the patients, suggesting that TBLN is over-diagnosed in up to 15% of cases. With combined criteria as reference standard, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of FNAC was 72%, 100%, 100% and 55%, respectively. FNAC is a practical tool that can improve the diagnosis of TBLN in high-burden settings. Over-diagnosis alone cannot explain the high burden of LNTB in Ethiopia. © 2009 Informa UK Ltd.	None	adolescent; adult; aged; article; aspiration biopsy; child; clinical trial; Ethiopia; histopathology; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; human tissue; lymph node biopsy; major clinical study; mixed infection; multicenter study; preschool child; school child; sensitivity and specificity; tissue culture; tuberculous lymphadenitis; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Chi-Square Distribution; Child; Child, Preschool; Ethiopia; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Male; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Predictive Value of Tests; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955642843	The impact on dam design of a new materials model for the early behaviour of RCC	Shaw Q.H.W.	2010	International Journal on Hydropower and Dams	17	4	None	ARQ (Pty) Ltd, PO Box 76397, Lynnwood Ridge, 0040, South Africa	Shaw, Q.H.W., ARQ (Pty) Ltd, PO Box 76397, Lynnwood Ridge, 0040, South Africa	The impact of new materials model for high strength RCC on the design of large dams is discussed through the example of Changuinola 1 dam in Panama, focusing on aspects of particular importance for arch dams. An approach combining field measurement with structural modeling to predict and demonstrate actual materials behavior is discussed. The finite element (FE) analysis confirmed that the anticipated residual tensile stresses between induced joints spaced at 20 m are minimal, peaking at only 50 microstrain for a temperature drop of the order of 20°C. The study finds that applying a uniform temperature drop of 6°C, arch action concentrated more towards the upstream side and the top of the structure, is observed. The design approach of Changuinola 1 dam requires installation of cooling pipes in the RCC above the upper gallery if shrinkage and creep are evident in the RCC.	None	Arch action; Cooling pipes; Dam design; Design approaches; Field measurement; Finite elements; High strength; Induced joints; Large dams; Materials behavior; Micro-strain; New material; Residual tensile stress; Shrinkage and creep; Structural modeling; Temperature drops; Uniform temperature; Arches; Dams; Drops; Finite element method; Design	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930402282	Evaluation of biomass yield and growth performance of alfalfa and oat cultivars in the high land of Arsi, Ethiopia	Befekadu C., Yunus A.	2015	Livestock Research for Rural Development	27	6	None	Arsi University, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 193, Asella, Ethiopia	Befekadu, C., Arsi University, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 193, Asella, Ethiopia; Yunus, A., Arsi University, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 193, Asella, Ethiopia	The major objective of this study was to investigate the effect of intercropping alfalfa with oat on growth rate, total forage dry matter yield and nitrogen yield. Alfalfa cultivars with or without oat was grown on finely prepared seed beds. The experimental seed was planted on 12 m2 plot (4 m long and 3 m wide), consisted of 10 rows with intra-row spacing of 0.3m. The plots were laid out in Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five replications per treatment. Data on biomass yield and other yield related traits was subjected to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedure for RCBD experiments using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of SAS computer software packages. The result of this experiment has shown that the total forage dry matter yield harvested from plots containing a mixture of alfalfa and oat was higher (P<0.05) than other plots containing pure stands of alfalfa and oat. The analysis also indicated that the dry matter yield per area of land was much greater for oat grown with alfalfa than oat grown without alfalfa. In this trial, the leaf to stem ratio of alfalfa and oat plant grown alone was statistically similar (P>0.05) to those grown in a mixture. The average plant height of.alfalfa and oat plant grown in separate plot was not differed (P>0.05) from those grown in a mixture on same plot under this experiment. The chemical analysis result has implied that the dry matter content of each plant (alfalfa and oat) grown in a mixture was higher than those plant grown separately. Likewise, the crude protein content of oat grown with alfalfa on the same plots was improved as compared to those oats plants grown alone in separate plots which could be achieved from the symbiotic relationship between the two plants grown in mixture. In general, the higher quality forage obtained from oat plants grown with alfalfa on the same plots, may be an important consideration for livestock producers. © 2015 Fundacion CIPAV. All rights reserved.	Crude protein; Forage yield; Growth rate; Intercropping	Avena; Medicago sativa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893334876	Effects of job evaluation on decisions involving pay equity	Chaneta I.	2014	Asian Social Science	10	4	10.5539/ass.v10n4p145	Arts and Social Studies, University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe	Chaneta, I., Arts and Social Studies, University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe	Job evaluation's purpose is to compare all the jobs in the organisation, one with another, with the aim of producing a rank order. This rank order may be then be subdivided into groups of jobs of the same size which can, if desired, be placed within pay ranges or grades. While this approach is clearly more appropriate to large organisations, even in small organisations judgements have to be made about how one job compares with another, otherwise no decision can be made about relative pay and status. So, in effect, even where there is no formal method of job evaluation, jobs are evaluated in any case. It is really a question of how analytical the organisation wants to be.	Analytical; Appropriate; Pay ranges; Rank order; Relative pay; Subdivided	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873937678	Impact of locus of control expectancy on level of well-being	April K.A., Dharani B., Peters K.	2012	Review of European Studies	4	2	10.5539/res.v4n2p124	Ashridge Business School, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701 Berkhamsted, HP4 1NS Cape Town, South Africa; Ashridge Business School, Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, HP4 1NS, United Kingdom	April, K.A., Ashridge Business School, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701 Berkhamsted, HP4 1NS Cape Town, South Africa; Dharani, B., Ashridge Business School, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701 Berkhamsted, HP4 1NS Cape Town, South Africa; Peters, K., Ashridge Business School, Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, HP4 1NS, United Kingdom	This paper investigates the impact of locus of control, a psychological social learning theory that is rigorously researched for its implications on leadership qualities, on the level of happiness of an individual. The primary research strategy employed was the survey strategy. Participants were asked to fill in a questionnaire that was designed to test, amongst other variables, their locus of control and level of happiness. The Spearman Rank Correlation hypothesis test was used to test the data for significance and strength of the relationship. As a secondary research approach, self-reflection documents written by research participants, on the topic of locus of control, were used to add personal expression to the discussion of the quantitative results. While academic literature vastly supports the view that leadership qualities are predominantly present in those with an internal locus of control, our research results conclude that a maximum level of happiness is achieved by individuals with a balanced locus of control expectancy - a mix of internal and external locus of control, alternatively known as 'bi-local expectancy'.	Bi-local; Expectancies; Happiness; Leadership; Locus of control; Subjective well-being	None	None
WoS	WOS:000305583300126	Towards Universal Health Coverage: An Evaluation of Rwanda Mutuelles in Its First Eight Years	Basinga, Paulin,Binagwaho, Agnes,Chin, Brian,Hill, Kenneth,Hirschhorn, Lisa R.,Lewandowski, Jiwon Lee,Lu, Chunling,Murray, Megan	2012	PLOS ONE	7	6	10.1371/journal.pone.0039282	Asian Development Bank, Harvard University, University of Rwanda	"Basinga, Paulin: University of Rwanda","Chin, Brian: Asian Development Bank","Hill, Kenneth: Harvard University","Hirschhorn, Lisa R.: Harvard University","Lewandowski, Jiwon Lee: Harvard University","Lu, Chunling: Harvard University","Murray, Megan: Harvard University",	Background: Mutuelles is a community-based health insurance program, established since 1999 by the Government of Rwanda as a key component of the national health strategy on providing universal health care. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of Mutuelles on achieving universal coverage of medical services and financial risk protection in its first eight years of implementation. Methods and Findings: We conducted a quantitative impact evaluation of Mutuelles between 2000 and 2008 using nationally-representative surveys. At the national and provincial levels, we traced the evolution of Mutuelles coverage and its impact on child and maternal care coverage from 2000 to 2008, as well as household catastrophic health payments from 2000 to 2006. At the individual level, we investigated the impact of Mutuelles' coverage on enrollees' medical care utilization using logistic regression. We focused on three target populations: the general population, under-five children, and women with delivery. At the household level, we used logistic regression to study the relationship between Mutuelles coverage and the probability of incurring catastrophic health spending. The main limitation was that due to insufficient data, we are not able to study the impact of Mutuelles on health outcomes, such as child and maternal mortalities, directly. The findings show that Mutuelles improved medical care utilization and protected households from catastrophic health spending. Among Mutuelles enrollees, those in the poorest expenditure quintile had a significantly lower rate of utilization and higher rate of catastrophic health spending. The findings are robust to various estimation methods and datasets. Conclusions: Rwanda's experience suggests that community-based health insurance schemes can be effective tools for achieving universal health coverage even in the poorest settings. We suggest a future study on how eliminating Mutuelles copayments for the poorest will improve their healthcare utilization, lower their catastrophic health spending, and affect the finances of health care providers.	,ASIA,CARE,CHINA,COUNTRIES,IMPACT,INSURANCE,OUT-OF-POCKET,PAYMENTS,SERVICES	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-42149087700	Effects of dietary phytase on performance and nutrient metabolism in chickens	Pirgozliev V., Oduguwa O., Acamovic T., Bedford M.R.	2008	British Poultry Science	49	2	10.1080/00071660801961447	ASRC, SAC, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Syngenta Animal Nutrition Inc., Beckhampton, Marlborough, Wiltshire, United Kingdom; ASRC, SAC, Auchincruive Estate, Ayr, KA6 5HW, United Kingdom; University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; AB Vista Feed	Pirgozliev, V., ASRC, SAC, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, ASRC, SAC, Auchincruive Estate, Ayr, KA6 5HW, United Kingdom; Oduguwa, O., ASRC, SAC, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Acamovic, T., Syngenta Animal Nutrition Inc., Beckhampton, Marlborough, Wiltshire, United Kingdom; Bedford, M.R., Syngenta Animal Nutrition Inc., Beckhampton, Marlborough, Wiltshire, United Kingdom, AB Vista Feed Ingredients, Woodstock Court, Blenheim Rd., Marlborough Bus. Pk., Marlborough, Wiltshire SN8 4AN, United Kingdom	A broiler growth study was conducted to compare the effect of different concentrations of an Escherichia coli-derived phytase on performance, apparent metabolisable energy (AME), nitrogen (N), amino acid and mineral metabolisability, sialic acid excretion and villus morphology when fed to broiler chickens. 2.Female Ross 308 broilers (480) were reared in floor pens from 0 to 28 d of age. All birds were fed on nutritionally complete starter (0 to 21 d of age) and grower diets (21 to 28 d of age) with the exception that they were low in P (28 and 23 g/kg available P, respectively). These maize-soy diets were supplemented with 0, 250, 500 or 2500 phytase units (FTU)/kg feed. 3.Between 21 and 28 d of age, two birds from each floor pen were selected, and each pair placed in one of 32 metabolism cages (two birds per cage). Feed intake was recorded and excreta collected for the last 2 d of the feeding period, and AME, N, amino acid and mineral metabolisability coefficients and endogenous losses were determined following a total collection procedure. 4.Feed intake and weight gain increased in a linear manner in response to phytase dose, with an average increase of approximately 117 and 135%, respectively, compared with chickens fed on the low-P diet. Birds given diets with 2500 FTU weighed 66% more and had a 24% higher feed conversion efficiency (FCE) than those fed on diets containing 500 FTU. 5.Enzyme supplementation increased the intake of AME and metabolisable N by 103 and 39%, respectively, principally through increases in feed intake. Birds given enzyme-supplemented diets also improved their intake of metabolisable amino acids and P by approximately 14 and 124%, respectively, compared with birds fed on the control diet. Enzyme supplementation did not affect ileal villus morphometry of the birds.	None	amino acid; mineral; phytase; animal; animal food; article; chemistry; chicken; comparative study; diet; eating; enzymology; Escherichia coli; feces; female; growth, development and aging; metabolism; weight gain; 6-Phytase; Amino Acids; Animal Feed; Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animals; Chickens; Diet; Eating; Escherichia coli; Feces; Female; Minerals; Weight Gain; Aves; Escherichia coli; Gallus gallus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953415633	Impact of heavy metal contamination of Akaki river of Ethiopia on soil and metal toxicity on cultivated vegetable crops	Prabu P.C.	2009	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	8	9	None	Assistant Professor and PG Coordinator (Env.Science), Ambo University College, Ambo, Ethiopia	Prabu, P.C., Assistant Professor and PG Coordinator (Env.Science), Ambo University College, Ambo, Ethiopia	This study was conducted to assess the extent of heavy metal contamination of vegetables due to irrigation with polluted Akaki River water, Ethiopia on agricultural land. Samples of water, soil and different vegetables grown using Akaki River water have been analysed for seven heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe and Ni using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results show that the heavy metals in Akaki water were higher than the natural elemental levels in freshwater. The heavy metals content in soil was higher than vegetable samples and the reason might be due to their strong adsorptive nature in soil (vertisol). The concentration of Cr in all vegetables was more than the maximum limit. The Cd accumulation was more in leafy vegetables than other vegetables under study. Metal transfer factors from soil to vegetables were significant for Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe and Cd and accumulation of Cr and Ni was comparatively less while that of Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn is more in vegetable plants.	Akaki water; Heavy metals; Soil; Vegetables and transfer factor	None	None
WoS	WOS:000327280400014	Evaluation of an External Quality Assessment Program for HIV Testing in Haiti, 2006-2011	Anselme, Renette,Balajee, S. Arunmozhi,Boncy, Jacques,Buteau, Josiane,Dahourou, Georges,Louis, Frantz Jean,Marston, Barbara,Ndongmo, Clement,Vertefeuille, John	2013	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY	140	6	10.1309/AJCPYWX49IZSQKFS	Assoc Publ Hlth Labs, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent	None	Objectives: To evaluate an external quality assessment (EQA) program for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) rapid diagnostics testing by the Haitian National Public Health Laboratory (French acronym: LNSP). Acceptable performance was defined as any proficiency testing (PT) score more than 80%. Methods: The PT database was reviewed and analyzed to assess the testing performance of the participating laboratories and the impact of the program over time. A total of 242 laboratories participated in the EQA program from 2006 through 2011; participation increased from 70 laboratories in 2006 to 159 in 2011. Results: In 2006, 49 (70%) laboratories had a PT score of 80% or above; by 2011, 145 (97.5%) laboratories were proficient (P &lt; .05). Conclusions: The EQA program for HIV testing ensures quality of testing and allowed the LNSP to document improvements in the quality of HIV rapid testing over time. (C) American Society for Clinical Pathology	"EXTERNAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT","HIV rapid tests","PROFICIENCY TESTING",DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES,PROFICIENCY,SETTINGS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33747584147	General surgery in crisis - Factors that impact on a career in general surgery	Kahn D., Pillay S., Veller M.G., Panieri E., Westcott M.J.R.	2006	South African Journal of Surgery	44	3	None	Association of Surgeons of South Africa, Department of Surgery, Universities of Cape Town and the Witwatersrand, South Africa	Kahn, D., Association of Surgeons of South Africa, Department of Surgery, Universities of Cape Town and the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Pillay, S., Association of Surgeons of South Africa, Department of Surgery, Universities of Cape Town and the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Veller, M.G., Association of Surgeons of South Africa, Department of Surgery, Universities of Cape Town and the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Panieri, E., Association of Surgeons of South Africa, Department of Surgery, Universities of Cape Town and the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Westcott, M.J.R., Association of Surgeons of South Africa, Department of Surgery, Universities of Cape Town and the Witwatersrand, South Africa	Introduction. The Association of Surgeons of South Africa (ASSA), because of a concern about the decline in the number of applicants for registrar posts, undertook this study into the various factors that may influence the choice of surgery as career option. Methods. The study involved a combination of desk research and structured interviews with heads of departments, specialists, and registrars in general surgery. Results. The reasons for choosing general surgery as a career included the immediately visible results of a surgeon's efforts and the practical and intellectual challenge of the specialty. General surgery continued to enjoy a high status in society. The greater focus on primary health care has affected facilities at tertiary and secondary institutions. General surgeons worked excessively long hours, which was associated with increased levels of stress and placed severe strains oh family life. All respondents felt that their levels of remuneration were 'poor' in relation to other disciplines and professions. Conclusion. In this study we identified various factors that impacted either positively or negatively on the choice of general surgery as a career option.	None	article; career; decision making; general surgery; health practitioner; hospital department; human; intellect; manager; medical research; medical specialist; professional practice; social status; structured interview; surgeon; tertiary health care; Career Choice; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Emigration and Immigration; Family Practice; Humans; Interviews; Life Style; South Africa; Stress, Psychological; Students, Medical; Surgery; Training Support; Workplace	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924755802	Impact of anisotropic stresses during dissipative gravitational collapse	Reddy K.P., Govender M., Maharaj S.D.	2015	General Relativity and Gravitation	47	4	10.1007/s10714-015-1880-x	Astrophysics and Cosmology Research Unit, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa	Reddy, K.P., Astrophysics and Cosmology Research Unit, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Govender, M., Astrophysics and Cosmology Research Unit, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Maharaj, S.D., Astrophysics and Cosmology Research Unit, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa	We employ a perturbative scheme to study the evolution of a spherically symmetric stellar body undergoing gravitational collapse in the presence of heat dissipation and anisotropic stresses. The Bowers and Liang static model is perturbed, and its subsequent dynamical collapse is studied in the linear perturbative regime. We find that anisotropic effects brought about by the differences in the radial and tangential pressures render the core more unstable than the cooler surface layers. An analysis of the temperature profiles in the interior of the collapsing body shows that the temperature is enhanced in the presence of pressure anisotropy. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Anisotropic stresses; Causal thermodynamics; Dissipative collapse	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896693226	Comparison of HI and optical redshifts of galaxies - The impact of redshift uncertainties on spectral line stacking	Maddox N., Hess K.M., Blyth S.-L., Jarvis M.J.	2013	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society	433	3	10.1093/mnras/stt934	Astrophysics, Cosmology and Gravity Centre (ACGC), Astronomy Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, 7701 Rondebosch, South Africa; Oxford Astrophysics, Denys Wilkinson Building, University of Oxford, Kehle Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom; Physics Department, University of the Western Cape, 7535 Cape Town, South Africa	Maddox, N., Astrophysics, Cosmology and Gravity Centre (ACGC), Astronomy Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, 7701 Rondebosch, South Africa; Hess, K.M., Astrophysics, Cosmology and Gravity Centre (ACGC), Astronomy Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, 7701 Rondebosch, South Africa; Blyth, S.-L., Astrophysics, Cosmology and Gravity Centre (ACGC), Astronomy Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, 7701 Rondebosch, South Africa; Jarvis, M.J., Oxford Astrophysics, Denys Wilkinson Building, University of Oxford, Kehle Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom, Physics Department, University of the Western Cape, 7535 Cape Town, South Africa	Accurate optical redshifts will be critical for spectral co-adding techniques used to extract detections from below the noise level in ongoing and upcoming surveys for neutral hydrogen (HI), which will extend our current understanding of gas reservoirs in galaxies to lower column densities and higher redshifts. We have used existing, high-quality optical and radio data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA survey to investigate the relationship between redshifts derived from optical spectroscopy and HI spectral line observations. We find that the two redshift measurements agree well, with a negligible systematic-offset and a small distribution width. Employing simple simulations, we determine how the width of an ideal stacked HI profile depends on these redshift offsets, as well as larger redshift errors more appropriate for high-redshift galaxy surveys. The width of the stacked profile is dominated by the width distribution of the input individual profiles when the redshift errors are less than the median width of the input profiles, and only when the redshift errors become large, ∼ 150 km s-1, do they significantly affect the width of the stacked profile. This redshift accuracy can be achieved with moderate-resolution optical spectra. We provide guidelines for the number of spectra required for stacking to reach a specified mass sensitivity, given telescope and survey parameters, which will be useful for planning optical spectroscopy observing campaigns to supplement the radio data.© 2013 The Authors.	Galaxies: Distances and redshifts; Radio lines: galaxies; Surveys	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-50449084792	Understanding diversity in impact and responses among HIV/AIDS-affected households: The case of Msinga, South Africa	Swaans K., Broerse J., Van Diepen I., Salomon M., Gibson D., Bunders J.	2008	African Journal of AIDS Research	7	2	10.2989/AJAR.2008.7.2.2.519	Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands; Medical Anthropology and Sociology Unit, University of Amsterdam, Oudezijds Achterburgwal 185, 1012 DK Amsterdam, Netherlands; Farmer Support Group, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 1 Golf Road, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Swaans, K., Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands; Broerse, J., Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands; Van Diepen, I., Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands, Medical Anthropology and Sociology Unit, University of Amsterdam, Oudezijds Achterburgwal 185, 1012 DK Amsterdam, Netherlands; Salomon, M., Farmer Support Group, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 1 Golf Road, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Gibson, D., Medical Anthropology and Sociology Unit, University of Amsterdam, Oudezijds Achterburgwal 185, 1012 DK Amsterdam, Netherlands; Bunders, J., Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands	To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of HIV and AIDS on rural households in Msinga, South Africa, the sustainable livelihoods framework was adapted. An ethnographic perspective was employed to examine: 1) the impact of HIV/AIDS-related illnesses on people's mind and spirit (the internal environment), and 2) the influence of institutional structures and processes (the external environment), in order to better understand 3) the actions taken by individuals and households in response to HIV and AIDS. Members of three support groups at a local drop-in centre were consulted about the impact of HIV and AIDS on their lives through focus groups, a questionnaire and in-depth interviews. The study shows that the psychosocial impact and associated coping strategies, as well as prevailing gender-based power relations and exclusion from social-exchange networks - which are not (readily) available factors in the sustainable livelihoods framework - affect people's lives in different ways and depend on the specific situation of the individual or household concerned. The study confirms the need to restore a household's resource base and to address psychosocial issues. However, the variation in impact to different households requires a diversified and holistic programme of development interventions. Copyright © NISC Pty Ltd.	Accessibility; Coping; Mitigation strategies; Psychosocial aspects; Resource-poor settings; Sustainable livelihoods framework	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adolescent; adult; article; coping behavior; ethnographic research; female; holistic care; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; interview; major clinical study; male; questionnaire; rural area; sex ratio; social aspect; social psychology; South Africa; support group; sustainable development	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36348985543	Evaluation of the Arkansas method of urine testing for isoniazid in South Africa	Hanifa Y., Mngadi K., Lewis J., Fielding K., Churchyard G., Grant A.D.	2007	International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease	11	11	None	Aurum Institute for Health Research, Johannesburg, South Africa; Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Aurum Institute for Health Research, 47 Main Street, Marshalltown, 2107, South Africa	Hanifa, Y., Aurum Institute for Health Research, Johannesburg, South Africa, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, Aurum Institute for Health Research, 47 Main Street, Marshalltown, 2107, South Africa; Mngadi, K., Aurum Institute for Health Research, Johannesburg, South Africa; Lewis, J., Aurum Institute for Health Research, Johannesburg, South Africa, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Fielding, K., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Churchyard, G., Aurum Institute for Health Research, Johannesburg, South Africa, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Grant, A.D., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	SETTING: A South African hospital serving gold mine employees. OBJECTIVE: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of the Arkansas method for detecting isoniazid (INH) metabolites among South African adults and to examine the effect of smoking status on positive results. DESIGN: Urine specimens were collected from in-patients taking INH as part of tuberculosis treatment at 6, 12 and 24 h after a directly observed 300 mg oral dose. As a control group, a single urine specimen was collected from surgical in-patients not taking INH. Specimens were tested for INH using a commercially available dipstick. RESULTS: A total of 153 patients on INH and 60 controis were recruited. The sensitivity of the test was 93.3% (95%CI 88.1-96.8) at 6 h post INH, 93.4% (95%CI 88.2-96.8) at 12 h and 77% (95%CI 69.1-83.7) at 24 h. The specificity of the test was 98.3% (95%CI 91.1->99.9). There was no association between smoking status and colour change of positive results. CONCLUSIONS: This test is a useful method of monitoring adherence to TB treatment or preventive therapy among South Africans. However, it is less than 100% sensitive, especially with increasing time post dose, which should be taken into consideration when interpreting results for individual patients. © 2007 The Union.	Adherence; Africa; Isoniazid; Tuberculosis	drug metabolite; isoniazid; tuberculostatic agent; adult; article; cigarette smoking; controlled study; female; human; major clinical study; male; medical assessment; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; South Africa; tuberculosis; United States; urinalysis; Adult; Antitubercular Agents; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Isoniazid; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Compliance; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking; South Africa; Tuberculosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-39649119854	Impact of cotrimoxazole on non-susceptibility to antibiotics in Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage isolates among HIV-infected mineworkers in South Africa	Pemba L., Charalambous S., von Gottberg A., Magadla B., Moloi V., Seabi O., Wasas A., Klugman K.P., Chaisson R.E., Fielding K., Churchyard G.J., Grant A.D.	2008	Journal of Infection	56	3	10.1016/j.jinf.2007.12.003	Aurum Institute for Health Research, P. O. Box 61587, Marshalltown, 2107, South Africa; Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Medical Research Council, De Korte Street, Braamfontein, 2001, South Africa; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Division of Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Johns Hopkins University, 1840E Monument Street, Room 401, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E7HT, United Kingdom	Pemba, L., Aurum Institute for Health Research, P. O. Box 61587, Marshalltown, 2107, South Africa; Charalambous, S., Aurum Institute for Health Research, P. O. Box 61587, Marshalltown, 2107, South Africa; von Gottberg, A., Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Medical Research Council, De Korte Street, Braamfontein, 2001, South Africa; Magadla, B., Aurum Institute for Health Research, P. O. Box 61587, Marshalltown, 2107, South Africa; Moloi, V., Aurum Institute for Health Research, P. O. Box 61587, Marshalltown, 2107, South Africa; Seabi, O., Aurum Institute for Health Research, P. O. Box 61587, Marshalltown, 2107, South Africa; Wasas, A., Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Medical Research Council, De Korte Street, Braamfontein, 2001, South Africa; Klugman, K.P., Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Medical Research Council, De Korte Street, Braamfontein, 2001, South Africa, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Division of Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Chaisson, R.E., Johns Hopkins University, 1840E Monument Street, Room 401, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Fielding, K., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E7HT, United Kingdom; Churchyard, G.J., Aurum Institute for Health Research, P. O. Box 61587, Marshalltown, 2107, South Africa; Grant, A.D., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E7HT, United Kingdom	Objectives: To investigate risk factors for pneumococcal carriage and non-susceptibility among HIV-infected mineworkers in South Africa. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, HIV clinic attendees were questioned about risk factors for pneumococcal carriage and antimicrobial non-susceptibility. Oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swabs were taken for pneumococcal culture, serotyping and susceptibility testing. Results: Among 856 participants (854 male, median age 41.5 years, median CD4 290 cells/mm3), 294 (34.3%) were receiving cotrimoxazole prophylaxis. Overall, 75/856 (8.8%) carried S. pneumoniae; among those taking vs. not taking cotrimoxazole, 8.2% vs. 9.1% were carriers. Risk factors for pneumococcal carriage were living with a child (adjusted OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.06-4.62) and recent hospitalisation (adjusted OR 1.80; 95% CI 0.98-3.30). Among participants not taking cotrimoxazole, the prevalence of carriage was higher in individuals with lower CD4 counts. Comparing participants taking cotrimoxazole vs. not, 60.9% vs. 22.4% (p = 0.001) isolates were non-susceptible to cotrimoxazole and 30.4% vs. 8.2% were non-susceptible to penicillin (p = 0.014). Thirty three/72 (45.8%) isolates were paediatric serotypes/groups. Nasopharyngeal compared with oropharyngeal swabs had higher sensitivity in detecting carriage (53/75, 70.7% vs. 31/75, 41.3%), and adding oropharyngeal sampling increased detection from 6.2% to 8.8%. Conclusions: Non-susceptibility to cotrimoxazole and penicillin was more common among isolates from participants taking cotrimoxazole prophylaxis. Surveillance for antimicrobial susceptibility is important where prophylaxis is used. Treatment for pneumococcal disease should take into account a higher risk of non-susceptibility to antibiotics amongst individuals taking cotrimoxazole prophylaxis. © 2007 The British Infection Society.	Antimicrobial resistance; HIV infection; Pneumococcal carriage; Sub-Saharan Africa	antibiotic agent; antiretrovirus agent; beta lactam antibiotic; cotrimoxazole; isoniazid; penicillin G; adult; aged; antibiotic prophylaxis; antibiotic sensitivity; article; bacterium carrier; bacterium culture; bacterium detection; bacterium isolate; CD4+ T lymphocyte; controlled study; female; hospitalization; human; human cell; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; male; miner; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; nose smear; risk factor; sensitivity and specificity; serotyping; South Africa; Streptococcus infection; Streptococcus pneumoniae; throat culture; tuberculosis; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carrier State; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Pharynx; Pneumococcal Infections; Risk Factors; Serotyping; South Africa; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954704762	Liquid vs. solid culture for tuberculosis: Performance and cost in a resource-constrained setting	Chihota V.N., Grant A.D., Fielding K., Ndibongo B., Van Zyl A., Muirhead D., Churchyard G.J.	2010	International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease	14	8	None	Aurum Institute for Health Research, Private Bag X 30500, Houghton, Johannesburg, 2041, South Africa; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Chihota, V.N., Aurum Institute for Health Research, Private Bag X 30500, Houghton, Johannesburg, 2041, South Africa; Grant, A.D., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Fielding, K., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Ndibongo, B., Aurum Institute for Health Research, Private Bag X 30500, Houghton, Johannesburg, 2041, South Africa; Van Zyl, A., Aurum Institute for Health Research, Private Bag X 30500, Houghton, Johannesburg, 2041, South Africa; Muirhead, D., Aurum Institute for Health Research, Private Bag X 30500, Houghton, Johannesburg, 2041, South Africa, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Churchyard, G.J., Aurum Institute for Health Research, Private Bag X 30500, Houghton, Johannesburg, 2041, South Africa, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	SETTING: National Health Laboratory Services tuberculosis (TB) laboratory, South Africa. OBJECTIVES: To compare Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) with Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium with regard to Mycobacterium tuberculosis yield, time to positive culture and contamination, and to assess MGIT cost-effectiveness. DESIGN: Sputum from gold miners was cultured on MGIT and LJ. We estimated cost per culture, and, for smear-negative samples, incremental cost per additional M. tuberculosis gained with MGIT using a decision-tree model. RESULTS: Among 1267 specimens, MGIT vs. LJ gave a higher yield of mycobacteria (29.7% vs. 22.8%), higher contamination (16.7% vs. 9.3%) and shorter time to positive culture (median 14 vs. 25 days for smear-negative specimens). Among smear-negative samples that were culture-positive on MGIT but negative/contaminated on LJ, 77.3% were non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Cost per culture on LJ, MGIT and MGIT+LJ was respectively US$12.35, US$16.62 and US$19.29. The incremental cost per additional M. tuberculosis identified by standard biochemical tests and microscopic cording was respectively US$504.08 and US$328.10 using MGIT vs. LJ, or US$160.80 and US$109.07 using MGIT+LJ vs. LJ alone. CONCLUSION: MGIT gives higher yield and faster results at relatively high cost. The high proportion of NTM underscores the need for rapid speciation tests. Minimising contaminated cultures is key to cost-effectiveness. © 2010 The Union.	Anti-MPB64 assay; LJ medium; MGIT; Microscopic cording; Mycobacterium tuberculosis	adult; aged; article; bacterium culture; bacterium identification; cost effectiveness analysis; decision tree; female; human; major clinical study; male; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; priority journal; South Africa; sputum culture; comparative study; cost; culture medium; economics; follow up; growth, development and aging; isolation and purification; microbiological examination; microbiology; middle aged; Mycobacterium fortuitum; prevalence; reproducibility; retrospective study; sputum; standards; tuberculosis; young adult; Adult; Aged; Bacteriological Techniques; Costs and Cost Analysis; Culture Media; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium fortuitum; Prevalence; Reproducibility of Results; Retrospective Studies; South Africa; Sputum; Tuberculosis; Young Adult; culture medium; Adult; Aged; Bacteriological Techniques; Costs and Cost Analysis; Culture Media; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium fortuitum; Prevalence; Reproducibility of Results; Retrospective Studies; South Africa; Sputum; Tuberculosis; Young Adult	None
WoS	WOS:000306406400015	The impact of peer outreach on HIV knowledge and prevention behaviours of male sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya	Geibel, Scott,King'ola, Nzioki,Luchters, Stanley,Temmerman, Marleen	2012	SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS	88	5	10.1136/sextrans-2011-050224	Austin Research Institute, Ghent University, Burnet Inst, ICRH	None	Introduction Targeting most at-risk populations is an essential component of HIV prevention strategies. Peer education programmes have been found to increase HIV knowledge, condom use and safer sex behaviours among female sex workers in Africa and men who have sex with men elsewhere. The authors aimed to evaluate the impact of a peer-driven intervention on male sex workers who sell sex to men in Mombasa, Kenya. Methods Using time-venue sampling, a baseline survey of 425 male sex workers was conducted in late 2006, after which, 40 peer educators were trained in HIV prevention, basic counselling skills and distribution of condoms and lubricants. A follow-up time-venue survey of 442 male sex workers was conducted in early 2008, and pre- and post-intervention changes were examined. The impact of peer educator exposure on HIV knowledge and condom use was analysed. Results Positive changes in HIV prevention behaviours were observed, including increases in consistent use of condoms with both male clients (35.9%-50.2%, p&lt;0.001) and non-paying male partners (27.4%-39.5%, p=0.008). Exposure to peer educators (AOR=1.97, 95% CI 1.29 to 3.02) and ever having been counselled or tested for HIV (AOR=1.71, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.66) were associated with consistent condom use in multivariate analysis. Peer educator contact was also associated with improved HIV knowledge and use of water-based lubricants. Conclusions Peer outreach programming reached highly stigmatised male sex workers in Mombasa, resulting in significant, but limited, improvements in HIV knowledge and prevention behaviours. Improved peer coverage and additional prevention initiatives are needed to sufficiently mitigate HIV transmission.	,MEN	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33847330634	Impact assessment and biodiversity considerations in Nigeria: A case study of Niger Delta University campus project on wildlife in Nun River Forest Reserve	Hamadina M.K., Otobotekere D., Anyanwu D.I.	2007	Management of Environmental Quality	18	2	10.1108/14777830710725849	Biogeochem Associates Ltd., Port Harcourt, Nigeria; University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Biodiversity Unit, Institute of Pollution Studies, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Hamadina, M.K., Biogeochem Associates Ltd., Port Harcourt, Nigeria, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Otobotekere, D., Biodiversity Unit, Institute of Pollution Studies, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Anyanwu, D.I., University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Purpose - Niger Delta University (NDU) campus is located on the fringe of a Nun River Forest Reserve (NRFR) in Nigeria. The NRFR covers 97.15 km 2 of humid tropical rainforest characterized by torrential rains, seasonal flooding, and multi-layered vegetation. This paper aims to conduct a wildlife study, to assess the effects of the NDU campus project on NRFR. Design/methodology/approach - The assessment was preceded by "scoping" to determine key wildlife issues. Thereafter a mix of methods, including literature search, reconnaissance visits, field exercises, and interviews with hunters, was adopted to gather information. These were augmented with diurnal and nocturnal forest expeditions to find evidence(s) of wildlife species existence. Findings - There is a rich assemblage of wildlife species; of which 12 are enlisted in the 2006 IUCN Red List of threatened species, while 14 are protected by Nigeria's statutes; and they are threatened by human activities. The NDU campus project shall have significant adverse impacts on the wildlife: directly through habitat loss/fragmentation, nuisance, influx of people; and indirectly by exacerbating the existing threats. Research limitations/ implications - This work is limited to the NDU campus project and its impact on NRFR. The brevity of time spent in the field coupled with the generally inaccessible terrain and remote location of the NRFR constitute the limitations that must have influenced the findings in this paper. Originality/value - This paper reports the results of an original work, discusses the impacts of NDU campus on NRFR, and highlights conservation-friendly local beliefs/practices that could fit into a wildlife management plan, and fosters the debate on methodologies and field initiatives. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Animal habitats; Environmental management; Forests; Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856005905	Vulnerability of coastal communities to key impacts of climate change on coral reef fisheries	Cinner J.E., McClanahan T.R., Graham N.A.J., Daw T.M., Maina J., Stead S.M., Wamukota A., Brown K., Bodin O.	2012	Global Environmental Change	22	1	10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.09.018	Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; Wildlife Conservation Society, Marine Program, Bronx, NY 10460-1099, United States; School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom; Coral Reef Conservation Project, Mombasa, Kenya; Computational Ecology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom; Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom; Stockholm Resilience Center, Stockholm University, Sweden; Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, Sweden	Cinner, J.E., Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; McClanahan, T.R., Wildlife Conservation Society, Marine Program, Bronx, NY 10460-1099, United States; Graham, N.A.J., Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; Daw, T.M., School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom; Maina, J., Coral Reef Conservation Project, Mombasa, Kenya, Computational Ecology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; Stead, S.M., School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom; Wamukota, A., Coral Reef Conservation Project, Mombasa, Kenya; Brown, K., School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom; Bodin, O., Stockholm Resilience Center, Stockholm University, Sweden, Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, Sweden	Coral reefs support the livelihood of millions of people especially those engaged in marine fisheries activities. Coral reefs are highly vulnerable to climate change induced stresses that have led to substantial coral mortality over large spatial scales. Such climate change impacts have the potential to lead to declines in marine fish production and compromise the livelihoods of fisheries dependent communities. Yet few studies have examined social vulnerability in the context of changes specific to coral reef ecosystems. In this paper, we examine three dimensions of vulnerability (exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity) of 29 coastal communities across five western Indian Ocean countries to the impacts of coral bleaching on fishery returns. A key contribution is the development of a novel, network-based approach to examining sensitivity to changes in the fishery that incorporates linkages between fishery and non-fishery occupations. We find that key sources of vulnerability differ considerably within and between the five countries. Our approach allows the visualization of how these dimensions of vulnerability differ from site to site, providing important insights into the types of nuanced policy interventions that may help to reduce vulnerability at a specific location. To complement this, we develop framework of policy actions thought to reduce different aspects of vulnerability at varying spatial and temporal scales. Although our results are specific to reef fisheries impacts from coral bleaching, this approach provides a framework for other types of threats and different social-ecological systems more broadly. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	Coral bleaching; Coral reef; Fisheries; Global climate change; Resilience; Social-ecological systems; Vulnerability	climate change; coastal zone; coral; coral bleaching; coral reef; economic impact; environmental stress; fishery economics; fishery production; global change; mortality; nature-society relations; policy approach; vulnerability; Indian Ocean; Indian Ocean (West); Anthozoa	None
WoS	WOS:000326315200005	Feasibility of adaptation of open source ILS for libraries in Kenya: a practical evaluation	Amollo, Beatrice Adera	2013	ELECTRONIC LIBRARY	31	5	10.1108/EL-12-2011-0171	Australian Studies Inst Lib	None	Purpose-Despite its fast growth and penetration in all sectors, it has been noted that open source software (OSS) is yet to find its optimal place in libraries, particularly libraries in the developing countries. Lack of documented information on the experiences and use of open source integrated library system (ILS) is a major drawback, and so the need for this study. The proposed study aims to help to investigate and test usability and cost effectiveness of a typical OSS for ILS. It will involve deploying the software from installation, configuration to creating customized user interfaces and structures that are specific to the requirements of the library's parent organization. The cost and performance of the OSS will then be compared with that of a typical commercial based software with the same functionalities. Design/methodology/approach-A preliminary study has been conducted to collect data from libraries in the country through distribution of questionnaires to provide data for accurate analysis that will form the basis for recommendations. The target group includes library and IT personnel in the various institutions and the end-users within sample group. A case study is proposed to help establish OSS effectiveness in libraries. To test a typical OSS, parameters are to be drawn from two models open source maturity model and business readiness rating. Findings-A casual observation of the Kenyan situation reveals that the majority of academic, public and research libraries depend on commercial, free or locally developed systems. This scenario may be attributed to lack of knowledge (or interest) in OSS alternatives and lack of sufficient technical expertise to support them. While there are quite a number of libraries and librarians worldwide that have shown a great interest in OSS, few library administrators have actually implemented OSS. Could this be due to fear of taking on the risks that may come with reliance on open source library automation systems? Is the low uptake due to lack of sufficient technical expertise in the libraries? The research outcomes will help formulate a model and guidelines to be used by systems librarians considering the use of OSS for library processes. Factors to be considered when deciding on OSS will be outlined. Research limitations/implications-This paper is of importance to library personnel in Kenya as it establishes the effectiveness of OSS, with the aim of empowering the library staff who have for a long time relied on their IT departments and vendors for systems installation and implementation. Originality/value-The study will result in a comprehensive evaluation of the economic and functional advantages of OSS as an alternative for the library in Kenya. Librarians involved in selection of software for their libraries will find this helpful when deciding on the type of software to select for their libraries. It will help to enlighten library professional about the value of OSS and how they can participate in the development of their own systems, instead of always relying on vendors.	"information systems","integrated software",KENYA,LIBRARIES,"LIBRARY AUTOMATION","LIBRARY SYSTEMS","OPEN SYSTEMS",RESEARCH,"OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67651119884	The impact of habitat fragmentation on tsetse abundance on the plateau of eastern Zambia	Ducheyne E., Mweempwa C., De Pus C., Vernieuwe H., De Deken R., Hendrickx G., Van den Bossche P.	2009	Preventive Veterinary Medicine	91	1	10.1016/j.prevetmed.2009.05.009	Avia-GIS, Risschotlei 33, 2980 Zoersel, Belgium; Department of Veterinary and Livestock Development, Zambia; Animal Health Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, South Africa	Ducheyne, E., Avia-GIS, Risschotlei 33, 2980 Zoersel, Belgium; Mweempwa, C., Department of Veterinary and Livestock Development, Zambia; De Pus, C., Animal Health Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium; Vernieuwe, H., Avia-GIS, Risschotlei 33, 2980 Zoersel, Belgium; De Deken, R., Animal Health Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium; Hendrickx, G., Avia-GIS, Risschotlei 33, 2980 Zoersel, Belgium; Van den Bossche, P., Animal Health Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, South Africa	Tsetse-transmitted human or livestock trypanosomiasis is one of the major constraints to rural development in sub-Saharan Africa. The epidemiology of the disease is determined largely by tsetse fly density. A major factor, contributing to tsetse population density is the availability of suitable habitat. In large parts of Africa, encroachment of people and their livestock resulted in a destruction and fragmentation of such suitable habitat. To determine the effect of habitat change on tsetse density a study was initiated in a tsetse-infested zone of eastern Zambia. The study area represents a gradient of habitat change, starting from a zone with high levels of habitat destruction and ending in an area where livestock and people are almost absent. To determine the distribution and density of the fly, tsetse surveys were conducted throughout the study area in the dry and in the rainy season. Landsat ETM+ imagery covering the study area were classified into four land cover classes (munga, miombo, agriculture and settlements) and two auxiliary spectral classes (clouds and shadow) using a Gaussian Maximum Likelihood Classifier. The classes were regrouped into natural vegetation and agricultural zone. The binary images were overlaid with hexagons to obtain the spatial spectrum of spatial pattern. Hexagonal coverage was selected because of its compact and regular form. To identify scale-specific spatial patterns and associated entomological phenomena, the size of the hexagonal coverage was varied (250 and 500 m). Per coverage, total class area, mean patch size, number of patches and patch size standard deviation were used as fragmentation indices. Based on the fragmentation index values, the study zone was classified using a Partitioning Around Mediods (PAM) method. The number of classes was determined using the Wilks' lambda coefficient. To determine the impact of habitat fragmentation on tsetse abundance, the correlation between the fragmentation indices and the index of apparent density of the flies was determined and habitat changes most affecting tsetse abundance was identified. From this it followed that there is a clear relationship between habitat fragmentation and the abundance of tsetse flies. Heavily fragmented areas have lower numbers of tsetse flies, but when the fragmentation of natural vegetation decreases, the number of tsetse flies increases following a sigmoidal-like curve. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Fragmentation analysis; GIS; Tsetse	animal; article; disease carrier; ecosystem; female; geographic information system; growth, development and aging; human; male; parasitology; season; Trypanosoma; tsetse fly; Zambia; Animals; Ecosystem; Female; Geographic Information Systems; Humans; Insect Vectors; Male; Seasons; Trypanosoma; Tsetse Flies; Zambia; Glossina (genus)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-28244493000	Tidal impact on breeding African Black Oystercatchers on Robben Island, Western Cape, South Africa	Calf K.M., Underhill L.G.	2005	Ostrich	76	42433	None	Avian Demography Unit, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; School of Biology, University of Leeds, LC Miall Building, Clarendon Way, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom	Calf, K.M., Avian Demography Unit, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, School of Biology, University of Leeds, LC Miall Building, Clarendon Way, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; Underhill, L.G., Avian Demography Unit, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	Haematopus bachmani	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548588355	Diets containing Escherichia coli-derived phytase on young chickens and turkeys: Effects on performance, metabolizable energy, endogenous secretions, and intestinal morphology	Pirgozliev V., Oduguwa O., Acamovic T., Bedford M.R.	2007	Poultry Science	86	4	None	Avian Science Research Centre, Scottish Agricultural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom; Syngenta Animal Nutrition Inc., Chestnut House, Marlborough, Wiltshire SN8 1QJ, United Kingdom; University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeo	Pirgozliev, V., Avian Science Research Centre, Scottish Agricultural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom; Oduguwa, O., Avian Science Research Centre, Scottish Agricultural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Acamovic, T., Avian Science Research Centre, Scottish Agricultural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom; Bedford, M.R., Syngenta Animal Nutrition Inc., Chestnut House, Marlborough, Wiltshire SN8 1QJ, United Kingdom	The aim of this experiment was to compare the responses of young broiler chickens directly with the responses of turkeys to different dietary phytase concentrations. Nine hundred sixty birds (480 female Ross 308 broilers, and 480 female BUT6 turkeys) were reared in 64 floor pens from 0 to 21 d of age. Each species was fed a nutritionally complete (12.79 MJ/kg of AME, 231 g/kg of CP vs. 11.75 MJ/kg of AME, 285 g/kg of CP for chickens and turkeys, respectively), low-P (28 and 37 g/kg available P for chickens and turkeys, respectively) corn (maize)-soy feed supplemented with either 0, 250, 500, or 2,500 phytase units (phytase/kg of feed) to give a total of 4 diets per species. The study was conducted in a split-plot design and each dietary treatment was replicated 8 times. Performance, AME, sialic acid (SA) excretions, and ileal villus morphology of 21-d-old broiler chickens and turkeys were determined. Overall, chickens grew faster and consumed more than turkeys throughout the study period. Dietary enzyme concentrations linearly increased the feed intake and weight gain of birds. The results were improved, on average, as follows: feed intake by 11.2 and 6.5%, gain by 10.2 and 13.2%, feed efficiency by 0 and 7.6%, AME by 1.4 and 5.7%, and AME intake by 13.1 and 9.8% for chickens and turkeys, respectively. The AME data were subject to a species x phytase interaction, whereby increasing the phytase dosage led to significant increments in parameters for turkeys but not broilers; broilers recovered significantly more energy from the ration than did turkeys. A quadratic relationship existed between dietary AME and phytase concentrations. Turkeys excreted more SA than did chickens in the absence of phytase, whereas supplementation with phytase (250 and 500 phytase units) reduced the excretion of SA in turkeys. Enzyme supplementation did not affect the ileal villus morphometry of the 2 species. We concluded that both species can tolerate phytase concentrations much higher than 1,000 phytase units and that these concentrations have further beneficial effects compared with lower phytase concentrations. The work reported here supports the hypothesis that supplementing turkey diets with phytase will need to be considered independently of chicken diets, considering the components in the diets, such that optimal responses can be obtained. ©2007 Poultry Science Association Inc.	Chicken; Endogenous excretion; Performance; Phytase; Turkey	Aves; Escherichia coli; Gallus gallus; Meleagris gallopavo; Zea mays; phytase; animal; animal food; animal husbandry; article; caloric intake; chicken; digestion; drug effect; energy metabolism; enzymology; Escherichia coli; intestine; physiology; poultry; turkey (bird); weight gain; 6-Phytase; Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Chickens; Digestion; Energy Intake; Energy Metabolism; Escherichia coli; Intestines; Poultry; Turkeys; Weight Gain	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900417099	Thermal performance considerations for intelligent video	Alves R.	2014	EngineerIT	None	APRIL	None	Axis Communications, South Africa	Alves, R., Axis Communications, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	None	None
WoS	WOS:000340956400001	Impact of health education intervention on knowledge and perception of cervical cancer and cervical screening uptake among adult women in rural communities in Nigeria	Abiodun, Olumide A.,Olu-Abiodun, Oluwatosin O.,Oluwole, Francis A.,Sotunsa, John O.	2014	BMC PUBLIC HEALTH	14	None	10.1186/1471-2458-14-814	Babcock Univ, Olabisi Onabanjo Univ, Sch Nursing	None	Background: Cervical cancer is a disease of public health importance affecting many women and contributing to avoidably high levels of cancer deaths in Nigeria. In spite of the relative ease of prevention, the incidence is on the increase. This study aimed to determine the effect of health education on the awareness, knowledge and perception of cervical cancer and screening among women in rural Nigerian communities. Methods: The study design was quasi-experimental. The study was carried out among adult women in Odogbolu (intervention) and Ikenne (control) local government areas (LGA) of Ogun state. Three hundred and fifty (350) women were selected per group by multistage random sampling technique. Data was collected by semi structured interviews with the aid of questionnaire. The intervention consisted of structured health education based on a movie. Result: The intervention raised the level of awareness of cervical cancer and screening to 100% (p &lt; 0.0001). The proportion of women with very good knowledge of cervical cancer and screening rose from 2% to 70.5% (X-2 = 503.7, p &lt; 0.0001) while the proportion of those with good perception rose from 5.1% to 95.1% (p &lt; 0.0001). The mean knowledge and mean perception scores were also increased (p &lt; 0.0001). There was increase in the proportion of women who had undertaken cervical screening from 4.3% to 8.3% (p = 0.038). The major reason stated by the women for not having had cervical screening done was lack of awareness about cervical cancer and screening. There was statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups concerning their knowledge attitude and practice towards cervical and screening (p &lt; 0.05) after the intervention. Conclusion: Multiple media health education based on a movie is effective in creating awareness for and improving the knowledge and perception of adult women about cervical cancer and screening. It also improves the uptake of cervical cancer screening. The creation of awareness is very crucial to the success of a cervical cancer prevention programme.	AWARENESS,"CERVICAL CANCER","CERVICAL SCREENING",KNOWLEDGE,movie,"Participatory health education",PERCEPTION,BREAST	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938718507	Influence of business information use on sales performance of SMEs in Lagos State	Ojo A., Akinsunmi S., Olayonu O.	2015	Library Philosophy and Practice	2015	1	None	Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria	Ojo, A., Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria; Akinsunmi, S., Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria; Olayonu, O., Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria	Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) are crucial drivers of every nation's economy. However, reports suggest SMEs in Nigeria have not performed creditably well in terms of sales. Hence, they are yet to contribute to a large extent to the economic growth and development of the country. Considering that business information is an indispensable resource in overall business performance, one is forced to question the availability and utilisation of business information by SME owners. This study examines the influence of business information use on the sales performance of SMEs in the information technology sector in Lagos State. Employing a survey research design, the study population comprised of 575 Computer and Allied Product Dealers Association of Nigeria (CAPDAN) registered SMEs in Computer Village of Lagos State. The stratified sampling technique was used to survey the responses of 181 SME owners who served as respondents in this study. A selfdeveloped questionnaire was used as the instrument of data collection. Frequency distribution, simple percentages, and regression analysis were used for data analysis. Findings revealed that SMEs obtained most of the information they use from newspapers and informal sources. Also revealed was that business information utilisation influences sales performance of SMEs (R = 0.36, R Square = .212, F<inf>1,161</inf> = 94.18, p < 0.05). The study concludes that business information use for SMEs sales performance is inevitable. However, use is predicated on availability. It is recommended that agencies in charge of SMEs in Nigeria should put more effort in ensuring formal information sources are made available to SME owners.	Business information; Information availability; Information use; Sales performance; SMEs	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958810394	Empirical analysis of impact of capital market development on Nigeria's economic growth (1981-2008) (case study: Nigerian stock exchange)	Obiakor R.T., Okwu A.T.	2011	DLSU Business and Economics Review	20	2	None	Babcock University, Nigeria	Obiakor, R.T., Babcock University, Nigeria; Okwu, A.T., Babcock University, Nigeria	This study empirically examined the impact of capital market development on economic growth in Nigeria for the period 1981-2008. The major tool we employed for empirical analysis is a multiple regression analysis model specified on the basis of hypothesized functional relationship between capital market development and economic growth. For capital market development indicators, we considered ratios of value of shares traded, market capitalization, gross capital formation and foreign private investment, to gross domestic product, as explanatory variables, while we used growth rate of gross domestic product as the dependent variable. We introduced an error correction term to capture the flexibility in adjustment to long-run equilibrium. We estimated the model via the ordinary least squares (OLS) techniques. Further, we evaluated the model using relevant statistics. The results showed that while market capitalization, gross capital formation, and foreign private investment individually exerted statistically significant impact on growth of the economy, value of shares traded exerted positive but statistically insignificant impact during the review period. However, the variables jointly exerted statistically significant impact on growth of the economy. In addition, the model exhibited a very high explanatory power and high flexibility in adjustment to long-run equilibrium. The variables time series were stationary at second difference, showed existence of long-run relationship between the two sets of variables, and exhibited stability for the study period. Based on the findings, the study recommended, among others, sustainable development of the capital market to enhance faster rates of capital accumulation for greater productivity gains and economic growth as well as the need to complement market development with real sector macroeconomic policy thrust like significant reduction in lending rates to stimulate investment and manufacturing activities in the real sector and translate capital market gains to real sector output growth. © 2011 De La Salle University, Philippines.	Capital market; Development; Economic growth	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856597389	Evaluation and modification of off-host flea collection techniques used in northwest Uganda: Laboratory and field studies	Borchert J.N., Eisen R.J., Holmes J.L., Atiku L.A., Mpanga J.T., Brown H.E., Graham C.B., Babi N., Montenieri J.A., Enscore R.E., Gage K.L.	2012	Journal of Medical Entomology	49	1	10.1603/ME11045	Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80521, United States; Uganda Viral Research Institute, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda	Borchert, J.N., Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80521, United States; Eisen, R.J., Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80521, United States; Holmes, J.L., Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80521, United States; Atiku, L.A., Uganda Viral Research Institute, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda; Mpanga, J.T., Uganda Viral Research Institute, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda; Brown, H.E., Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80521, United States; Graham, C.B., Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80521, United States; Babi, N., Uganda Viral Research Institute, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda; Montenieri, J.A., Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80521, United States; Enscore, R.E., Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80521, United States; Gage, K.L., Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80521, United States	Quantifying the abundance of host-seeking fleas is critical for assessing risk of human exposure to flea-borne disease agents, including Yersinia pestis, the etiological agent of plague. Yet, reliable measures of the efficacy of existing host-seeking flea collection methods are lacking. In this study, we compare the efficacy of passive and active methods for the collection of host-seeking fleas in both the laboratory and human habitations in a plague-endemic region of northwest Uganda. In the laboratory, lighted "Kilonzo" flea traps modified with either blinking lights, the creation of shadows or the generation of carbon dioxide were less efficient at collecting Xenopsylla cheopis Rothchild and Ctenocephalides felis Bouch fleas than an active collection method using white cotton socks or cotton flannel. Passive collection using Kilonzo light traps in the laboratory collected significantly more X. cheopis than C. felis and active collection, using white socks and flannel, collected significantly more C. felis than X. cheopis. In field studies conducted in Uganda, Kilonzo traps using a flashlight were similar in their collection efficacy to Kilonzo traps using kerosene lamps. However, in contrast to laboratory studies, Kilonzo flea traps using flashlights collected a greater number of fleas than swabbing. Within human habitations in Uganda, Kilonzo traps were especially useful for collecting C. felis, the dominant species found in human habitations in this area. © 2012 Entomological Society of America.	Ctenocephalides felis; flea; flea trap; plague; Xenopsylla cheopis	animal; article; classification; flea; insect control; instrumentation; physiology; species difference; Uganda; Animals; Insect Control; Siphonaptera; Species Specificity; Uganda; Ctenocephalides; Ctenocephalides felis; Gossypium hirsutum; Siphonaptera (fleas); Xenopsylla; Xenopsylla cheopis; Yersinia pestis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956481702	Evaluation of rodent bait containing imidacloprid for the control of fleas on commensal rodents in a plague-endemic region of Northwest Uganda	Borchert J.N., Enscore R.E., Eisen R.J., Atiku L.A., Owor N., Acayo S., Babi N., Montenieri J.A., Gage K.L.	2010	Journal of Medical Entomology	47	5	10.1603/ME09221	Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampait Road, Fort Collins, CO 80522, United States; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Plot 51-59 Nakiwongo, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda	Borchert, J.N., Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampait Road, Fort Collins, CO 80522, United States; Enscore, R.E., Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampait Road, Fort Collins, CO 80522, United States; Eisen, R.J., Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampait Road, Fort Collins, CO 80522, United States; Atiku, L.A., Uganda Virus Research Institute, Plot 51-59 Nakiwongo, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda; Owor, N., Uganda Virus Research Institute, Plot 51-59 Nakiwongo, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda; Acayo, S., Uganda Virus Research Institute, Plot 51-59 Nakiwongo, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda; Babi, N., Uganda Virus Research Institute, Plot 51-59 Nakiwongo, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda; Montenieri, J.A., Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampait Road, Fort Collins, CO 80522, United States; Gage, K.L., Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampait Road, Fort Collins, CO 80522, United States	In recent decades, the majority of human plague cases (caused by Yersinia pestis) have been reported from Africa. In an effort to reduce the risk of the disease in this area, we evaluated the efficacy of a host-targeted rodent bait containing the insecticide imidacloprid for controlling fleas on house-dwelling commensal rodents in a plague-endemic region of northwestern Uganda. Results demonstrated that the use of a palatable, rodent-targeted, wax-based bait cube was effective at reducing the prevalence of fleas on commensal rodents and flea burdens on these animals at day 7 postbait exposure, but lacked significant residual activity, allowing flea populations to rebound in the absence of additional bait applications. Our results indicate the use of a palatable host-targeted bait block containing imidacloprid was an effective technique for quickly reducing flea numbers on rodents in northwest Uganda and, thus, could be useful for lowering the potential risk of human flea bite exposures during plague outbreaks if applied continuously during the period of risk.	ßea control; imidacloprid; plague; Rattus rattus	imidacloprid; imidazole derivative; insecticide; nitro derivative; animal; animal disease; article; ectoparasitosis; flea; human; plague; rodent; rodent disease; Uganda; Animals; Ectoparasitic Infestations; Humans; Imidazoles; Insecticides; Nitro Compounds; Plague; Rodent Diseases; Rodentia; Siphonaptera; Uganda; Animalia; Pulex irritans; Rattus; Rattus rattus; Rodentia; Siphonaptera (fleas); Yersinia pestis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899784472	Evaluation of customised lineage-specific sets of MIRU-VNTR loci for genotyping Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates in Ghana	Asante-Poku A., Nyaho M.S., Borrell S., Comas I., Gagneux S., Yeboah-Manu D.	2014	PLoS ONE	9	3	10.1371/journal.pone.0092675	Bacteriology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Biochemistry Department, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Genomics and Health Unit, Centre for Public Health Research, Valencia, Spain; CIBER (Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red) in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain	Asante-Poku, A., Bacteriology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana, Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Nyaho, M.S., Bacteriology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana, Biochemistry Department, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Borrell, S., Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Comas, I., Genomics and Health Unit, Centre for Public Health Research, Valencia, Spain, CIBER (Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red) in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain; Gagneux, S., Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Yeboah-Manu, D., Bacteriology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana	Background: Different combinations of variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) loci have been proposed for genotyping Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Existing VNTR schemes show different discriminatory capacity among the six human MTBC lineages. Here, we evaluated the discriminatory power of a "customized MIRU12" loci format proposed previously by Comas et al. based on the standard 24 loci defined by Supply et al. for VNTR-typing of MTBC in Ghana. Method: One hundred and fifty-eight MTBC isolates classified into Lineage 4 and Lineage 5 were used to compare a customized lineage-specific panel of 12 MIRU-VNTR loci ("customized MIRU-12") to the standard MIRU-15 genotyping scheme. The resolution power of each typing method was determined based on the Hunter-Gaston- Discriminatory Index (HGDI). A minimal set of customized MIRU-VNTR loci for typing Lineages 4 (Euro-American) and 5 (M. africanum West African 1) strains from Ghana was defined based on the cumulative HGDI. Results and Conclusion: Among the 106 Lineage 4 strains, the customized MIRU-12 identified a total of 104 distinct genotypes consisting of 2 clusters of 2 isolates each (clustering rate 1.8%), and 102 unique strains while standard MIRU-15 yielded a total of 105 different genotypes, including 1 cluster of 2 isolates (clustering rate: 0.9%) and 104 singletons. Among, 52 Lineage 5 isolates, customized MIRU-12 genotyping defined 51 patterns with 1 cluster of 2 isolates (clustering rate: 0.9%) and 50 unique strains whereas MIRU-15 classified all 52 strains as unique. Cumulative HGDI values for customized MIRU-12 for Lineages 4 and 5 were 0.98 respectively whilst that of standard MIRU-15 was 0.99. A union of loci from the customised MIRU-12 and standard MIRU-15 revealed a set of customized eight highly discriminatory loci: 4052, 2163B, 40, 4165, 2165, 10,16 and 26 with a cumulative HGDI of 0.99 for genotyping Lineage 4 and 5 strains from Ghana. © 2014 Asante-Poku et al.	None	article; bacterial strain; bacterium isolation; controlled study; gene cluster; gene locus; genotype; Ghana; Hunter Gaston Discriminatory Index; Mycobacterium africanum; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; named inventories, questionnaires and rating scales; nonhuman; single nucleotide polymorphism; variable number of tandem repeat; clinical trial; epidemiology; genetics; genotype; human; isolation and purification; male; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; tuberculosis; Genotype; Ghana; Humans; Male; Minisatellite Repeats; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Tuberculosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57749181538	Comparative field evaluation of two rapid immunochromatographic tests for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer)	Michel A.L., Simões M.	2009	Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology	127	42371	10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.09.025	Bacteriology Section, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag x05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; UTAD (Universidade de Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro) and ACD (Associacao Ciencia para o Desenvolviment, Portugal	Michel, A.L., Bacteriology Section, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag x05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Simões, M., UTAD (Universidade de Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro) and ACD (Associacao Ciencia para o Desenvolviment, Portugal	Panels of sera from African buffalo with confirmed bovine tuberculosis and from known uninfected controls were used to evaluate the performance of two commercial rapid chromatographic immunoassays (A and B) for the detection of antibodies to Mycobacterium bovis. The sensitivity was 33% and 23%, respectively, while the specificity was determined at 90% and 94%, respectively. Overall the performance of both diagnostic tests under field conditions was not found sufficiently high to support their use in bovine tuberculosis management and control strategies in South African game reserves. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	African buffalo; Bovine tuberculosis; Immunodiagnosis; Rapid test	animal experiment; animal model; article; buffalo; controlled study; diagnostic test; immunoassay; Mycobacterium bovis; nonhuman; sensitivity and specificity; serodiagnosis; Syncerus caffer; tuberculosis; Animals; Animals, Wild; Antibodies, Bacterial; Buffaloes; Case-Control Studies; Immunoassay; Mycobacterium bovis; Sensitivity and Specificity; South Africa; Tuberculosis; Bovinae; Mycobacterium bovis; Syncerus caffer	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855438985	On-farm evaluation and demonstration of different types of hay press	Teffera A., Tekeste S., Denekew Y.	2012	Livestock Research for Rural Development	24	1	None	Bahir Dar Agricultural Mechanization and Food Science Research Center, P.O. Box 133, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Andassa Livestock Research Center, P.O. Box: 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia	Teffera, A., Bahir Dar Agricultural Mechanization and Food Science Research Center, P.O. Box 133, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Tekeste, S., Bahir Dar Agricultural Mechanization and Food Science Research Center, P.O. Box 133, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Denekew, Y., Andassa Livestock Research Center, P.O. Box: 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia	Hay is the oldest and most important conserved fodder. The aim of haymaking is to store feed for later on-farm use. Traditional haymaking practice in Ethiopia has many problems. Delayed or early harvesting, improper handling system during harvesting, transportation, and storage stages are identified as main causes of feed loss. This project is, therefore, intended to evaluate and demonstrate manual hay presses so as to assist users in haymaking and baling practice. Two hay press models, vertical and horizontal hay presses, were manufactured and after preliminary test, practical on field test was conducted at two sites. Besides, discussions were made with farmers and their opinions were recorded. The test result has shown that, the average pressing rate, bale density, and baling time of vertical hay press was 45.2 kg h-1, 86.5 kg m -3 and 14.1 min per piece. Likewise, similar parameters of the horizontal type were 36.9 kg hr-1, 72.3 kg m -3 and 17.4 min per piece, respectively. It was observed that most of the respondent farmers preferred vertical type press due to its lower energy requirement and better output. Therefore, the vertical hay press model is recommended for further promotion.	Animal feed; Hay making; Mechanical hay press	Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888858013	Evaluation and demonstration of direct solar potato dryer	Tefera A., Endalew W., Fikiru B.	2013	Livestock Research for Rural Development	25	12	None	Bahir Dar Agricultural Mechanization and Food Science Research Centre, P.O. Box 133, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Food, Medicine and Health Care Administration and Control Authority of Ethiopia, P.O. Box 5681, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Tefera, A., Bahir Dar Agricultural Mechanization and Food Science Research Centre, P.O. Box 133, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Endalew, W., Bahir Dar Agricultural Mechanization and Food Science Research Centre, P.O. Box 133, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Fikiru, B., Food, Medicine and Health Care Administration and Control Authority of Ethiopia, P.O. Box 5681, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of two models of direct solar potato dryers and to demonstrate to farmers around potato producing areas, in Amhara Regional State. Wooden box dryer and Pyramid shape dryer models were evaluated. Dryers were compared with open sun drying methods. Temperature, relative humidity as well as the rate of moisture removal as expressed by loss-in-weight were recorded and analyzed. Results showed that on the average there was a 10-20 °C temperature difference between ambient condition and the drying chambers. Besides, the weight of sliced potato which was initially 0.90 kg was reduced to about 0.19 kg within two days. This showed an overall reduction in drying time by 2-3 hours compared to open sun drying. This result, however, was not perceived to be large enough under existing testing condition. But considering other benefits of the driers like protecting the drying material against contaminants, dust, and insects resulting in better quality product, this result is acceptable. On the other hand, comparing the performances of the two driers, Pyramid dryer was found better in creating more conducive drying environment with optimal temperature and lower relative humidity. Moreover, considering manufacturing costs, simplicity in design to manufacture in rural area from almost any kind of available building materials by locally available workmen, Pyramid dryer is better than Box dryer. Demonstration and practical training on the use of solar dryers and methods of food preparation out of the dried potato slices was provided for a group of farmers. Participant farmers actively participated in the potato menu preparation and informal sensory evaluation. They have showed high interest in diversified potato utilization as it enhances their feeding habits. This dryer was found suitable for drying small quantities (10-15 kg) of agricultural products which suits best for household level. Therefore, Pyramid (pyramid shape) dryer models should be recommended for further promotion.	Dried potato; Dryer model; Farmers; Potato processing	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940703988	Evaluation of genetic parameters and growth traits of Hungarian Simmental cattle breed	Kebede D., Komlosi I.	2015	Livestock Research for Rural Development	27	9	None	Bahir Dar University College, Agriculture and Environmental Science, P.O. Box: 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Debrecen University, P.O. Box: 36, Debrecen, Hungary	Kebede, D., Bahir Dar University College, Agriculture and Environmental Science, P.O. Box: 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Komlosi, I., Debrecen University, P.O. Box: 36, Debrecen, Hungary	A study was undertaken in Hungary with the objectives to evaluate Hungarian Simmental cattle growth traits and estimate genetic parameters. Calving ease, birth weight, weaning weight, weaning age, 205-day weight and average daily gain of Hungarian Simmental calves (n=6552, bulls=1479 , heifers=5073) were evaluated. The effects included in the model for the analysis of growth traits were sex (2 classes), birth year (13 classes), birth month (12 classes) and farm (8 classes). R software program was used to calculate variance analysis and least square means; PEST software was used for data file and pedigree file coding and VCE6 software was used for calculating heritablities and correlations. Sex, year, month and farm significantly influenced CE, BW, WW, WA, 205W and ADG (P<0.001). Birth month and sex of the calf significantly (p<0.05) influenced CE, BW, 205W and ADG. The estimated heritablities of WW, BW, ADG and 205W were 0.26, 0.16, 0.31 and 0.25, respectively. Genetic correlation among weaning weight, birth weight, average daily gain and 205-day weight were positive but with calving ease was negative. Weaning weight had strong genetic correlation with average daily gain (r=0.98). Calving ease also had negative genetic correlation with 205-day weight (r=-0.02). The phenotypic correlation of average daily gain and 205-day weight was strong (0.79). © 2015 Fundacion CIPAV. All rights reserved.	Genetic correlation; Phenotypic correlation; Programmes and assessment	None	None
WoS	WOS:000284282200007	Impact of occupational health and safety on worker productivity: A case of Zimbabwe food industry	Gadzirayi, C. T.,Katsuro, P.,Mupararano, Suzanna,Taruwona, M.	2010	AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT	4	13	None	Bindura Univ Sci Educ	None	This research sought to assess the impact of occupational health safety ( OHS) on productivity in the commercial food industry. The objective of the study was to explore OHS problems of different work areas and their impact on productivity. The research targeted production supervisors, shop floor employees and industrial clinic nurses. Questionnaires, interviews and observations were used as research instruments to collect data. The study found out that OHS related problems negatively affect workers' productive capacity in the food industry resulting in reduced worker output. Workers develop a negative attitude and low morale towards work. High incidents of accidents at work also occur. The study recommends that food industry factories should upgrade their OHS through training programmes and use up-to-date equipment.	"Food factory","OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH",productivity.,SAFETY	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947070662	Evaluation of the efficacy of bleach routinely used in health facilities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Ethiopia	Mekonnen D., Admassu A., Wassie B., Biadglegne F.	2015	Pan African Medical Journal	21	None	10.11604/pamj.2015.21.317.5456	Bahir Dar University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Bahir Dar Regional Health Research Laboratory Center, Department of Regional Mycobacteriology Laboratory, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Bahir Dar University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Ethiopia; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University of Leipzig, Germany	Mekonnen, D., Bahir Dar University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Admassu, A., Bahir Dar Regional Health Research Laboratory Center, Department of Regional Mycobacteriology Laboratory, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Wassie, B., Bahir Dar University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Ethiopia; Biadglegne, F., Bahir Dar University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University of Leipzig, Germany	Introduction: In Ethiopia, the most widely used disinfectant is 5% Hypochlorites. However, Ethiopian national health safety and infection prevention guideline recommendation on the use of bleach is not consistent and varying from 0.1%-4%. The purpose of this study was therefore to assess the effective time-concentration relationship of sodium hypochlorite against Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates in the absence of any organic load. Methods: This experimental study was conducted in Bahir Dar Regional laboratory from February-June 2013. Test suspensions of 1.5 X 108 CFU/ml prepared using normal saline containing 0.5% tween 80. From 5% stock, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1% and 2% bleach was prepared. A 1ml of test strain suspension and 1ml of bleach mixed and allowed to stand until the specified time achieved, neutralized by 48 ml phosphate buffer. 100µl from the diluted sediment were spread on two L-J mediums and incubated at 37°C for 8 weeks. Results: When 0. 1% bleach was used for 10 min, majority 11/20 of isolates showed 3 x 103 CFU/ml growth (ME=4.4) which was inefficient. However, when the time increased, the log10 reduction was acceptable, ME &gt;5 and it was effective. The bleach solution containing 0.5% and above was effective in all respective times. In this study, there is no difference observed in the tuberculocidal activity of bleach against resistant and sensitive strains. Conclusion: Our study showed that in the absence of any organic load, 0.1% bleaches over 15 min and 0.5 % bleaches over 10 min was found to be tuberculocidal. © Daniel Mekonnen et al.	Bleach; Efficacy; Ethiopia; M. tuberculosis; Organic load	bleaching agent; hypochlorite sodium; Article; bacterial growth; bacterial strain; bactericidal activity; bacterium isolate; controlled study; disinfection; dose time effect relation; Ethiopia; growth inhibition; health care facility; infection prevention; instrument sterilization; laboratory; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nonhuman; pH; temperature sensitivity; water temperature	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940056879	Effect of short chain iodoalkane solvent additives on photovoltaic performance of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and phenyl-C<inf>61</inf>-butyric acid methyl ester based bulk heterojunction solar cells	Hailegnaw B., Adam G., Yohannes T.	2015	Thin Solid Films	589	None	10.1016/j.tsf.2015.05.038	Bahir Dar University, College of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Dilla University, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 419, Dilla, Ethiopia; Addis Ababa University, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 1179, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Hailegnaw, B., Bahir Dar University, College of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Adam, G., Dilla University, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 419, Dilla, Ethiopia; Yohannes, T., Addis Ababa University, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 1179, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	In this work the effect of short chain iodoalkane solvent additives such as iodobutane, iodoethane, diiodomethane and iodomethane on the photovoltaic parameters of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and phenyl-C<inf>61</inf>-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) (1:1) based bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells was studied in an ambient air conditions. Devices processed in 2% (v/v) of diiodomethane, iodobutane and iodoethane showed improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.40, 2.29 and 2.04%, respectively as compared to the efficiency of pristine (without additive) devices (1.93%), while devices made using iodomethane exhibit PCE of 1.66%. The UV-vis absorption spectra of devices showed that the presence of these additives results the growth of enhanced local structure with improved crystalline and order of P3HT domain. Furthermore, UV-vis absorption response of the solar cells before and after soaked in the aforementioned solvents indicates that each additive has selective solubility for PCBM except iodomethane in which both P3HT and PCBM showed solubility. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Bulk heterojunction; Iodoalkane; Phase separation; Selective dissolution; Solvent additive	Additives; Butyric acid; Carrier mobility; Chains; Esters; Heterojunctions; Phase separation; Photovoltaic effects; Solar power generation; Solubility; Solvents; Ultraviolet spectroscopy; Bulk heterojunction; Bulk heterojunction (BHJ); Bulk heterojunction solar cells; Iodoalkane; Power conversion efficiencies; Selective dissolution; Solvent additives; UV-VIS absorption spectra; Solar cells	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84948771504	Higher breastfeeding performance index is associated with lower risk of illness in infants under six months in Ethiopia	Haile D., Biadgilign S.	2015	International Breastfeeding Journal	10	1	10.1186/s13006-015-0057-2	Bahir Dar University, Department of Reproductive Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Independent Public Health Research Consultants, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Haile, D., Bahir Dar University, Department of Reproductive Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Biadgilign, S., Independent Public Health Research Consultants, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Background: Breastfeeding performance index is an explanatory attempt to summarize key breastfeeding practices by summarizing the different dimensions of breastfeeding practices into a single summary variable. Breastfeeding performance index is used to assess optimal breastfeeding practices by constructing a single composite index that includes timely initiation of breastfeeding, prelacteal feeding, current breastfeeding status, bottle feeding, any liquid given(except medicine) in the last 24h, formula given in the last 24h, any solid food given in the last 24h. This study aimed to assess optimal breastfeeding practices of 0-6 month infants using breastfeeding performance index (BPI) and its association with childhood illness in Ethiopia. Methods: A secondary data analysis was carried out based on the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2011 data. The BPI was created using seven components by giving equal weight for all components during scoring. The data were described using descriptive statistics and analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of low, medium, and high BPI was 18.41, 57.96 and 23.63% respectively. The mean BPI score was 4.38 (SD 1.25; 95% CI 4.31, 4.45). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that those infants who had low BPI score were 2.22 times (AOR=2.22; 95% CI 1.20, 4.11) and medium BPI category had 2.15 times at higher odds (AOR=2.15; 95% CI 1.23, 3.75) of developing diarrhea compared to infants in the highest BPI category. Being in the lower BPI category was significantly associated with higher odds of having fever (AOR=1.73; 95% CI 1.06, 2.80). Being in the medium index category was also associated with higher odds of having short and rapid breaths (AOR=2.02; 95% CI 1.01, 4.04). Conclusion: More than 80% of the infants did not receive optimal breastfeeding practices based on the Breastfeeding Performance Index. Lower BPI was statistically associated with diarrhea, fever and short and rapid breaths illness in the last 2 weeks. This study implicates the importance of optimal breastfeeding to reduce childhood illness. © 2015 Haile and Biadgilign.	Breastfeeding; DHS; Ethiopia; Index; Infants	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879584016	Enhancing self-regulated learning in teaching spoken communication: Does it affect speaking efficacy and performance?	Aregu B.B.	2013	Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching	10	1	None	Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia	Aregu, B.B., Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia	The study examines the effects of enhancing self-regulated learning in the teaching of spoken communication on speaking efficacy and performances among second year students attending spoken and written communication lessons in the College of Business and Economics of Bahir Dar University. In this study, two sections consisting of 91 participants were included. To gather data, scales, tests, and diaries were used. Descriptive statistics, paired t-test, independent samples t-test, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were applied to analyze the quantitative data. On the other hand, the qualitative data were analysed using such steps as looking for themes and coding, categorizing codes of similar content, and writing summary and interpretation. The outputs of the ANCOVA show that 56% of the variance in speaking performance and 39% of the variance in speaking efficacy are accounted for by the self-regulated learning intervention controlling for initial differences. The qualitative analysis also indicated that the experimental group improved its speaking efficacy and performances. Overall, the results reveal that the experimental group surpasses the control group in both speaking efficacy and performances. The results imply that attention needs to be paid to the enhancement of self-regulated learning in the process of teaching spoken communication. © Centre for Language Studies National University of Singapore.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-37349029400	Environmental influences on pre-weaning growth performances and mortality rates of extensively managed Somali goats in Eastern Ethiopia	Zeleke Z.M.	2007	Livestock Research for Rural Development	19	12	None	Bahir Dar University, PO Box 1866, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia	Zeleke, Z.M., Bahir Dar University, PO Box 1866, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia	Records of 326 Somali goats born from 1994 to 2004 in eastern Ethiopia were used to assess effects of major environmental factors on growth and survival traits. Year of birth had significant effect (P<0.01) on birth weight, pre-weaning daily weight gain and weaning weight of kids. Male kids had higher (P<0.01) birth weight (3.35±0.18kg vs. 3.04±0.18kg), pre-weaning daily weight gain (61.60±7.06g vs. 55.87±7.15g) and weaning weight (12.27±0.89kg vs. 11.10±0.91kg) than female kids. Kids born from fifth parity dams had the least birth weight (2.98±0.23kg) and the highest pre-weaning mortality rate (33.33%) than those born from dams younger than fifth parity. Similarly, single born kids had heavier birth weight (3.17±0.06kg vs. 2.30± 0.20kg), higher pre-weaning daily weight gain (55.80±2.22g vs. 47.31±7.92g), higher weaning weight (11.47±0.28kg vs. 9.50±1.00kg) and less pre-weaning mortality rate (8.78 vs. 42.86%) than twin born kids. Similarly, mortality rate was found to be the highest (75%) in kids weighing <1.5kg. Improving feeding management for pregnant and lactating dams to assure moderate birth weight and adequate quantity of milk for twin born kids, and stringent culling practice of dams beyond fourth parity can be suggested to improve the productivity of Somali goats.	Birth type; Birth weight; Parity; Season; Sex; Weaning weight	Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051509837	Comparative reproductive performance of Horro (Zebu) with Horro x Friesian and Horro x Jersey females in sub humid environments of Bako	Kebede G., Kebede M., Midexa T., Eshetu S.	2011	Livestock Research for Rural Development	23	8	None	Bako Agricultural Research Center, P. O.Box 3, Bako, Ethiopia	Kebede, G., Bako Agricultural Research Center, P. O.Box 3, Bako, Ethiopia; Kebede, M., Bako Agricultural Research Center, P. O.Box 3, Bako, Ethiopia; Midexa, T., Bako Agricultural Research Center, P. O.Box 3, Bako, Ethiopia; Eshetu, S., Bako Agricultural Research Center, P. O.Box 3, Bako, Ethiopia	Reproductive traits of Horro and their crosses with Friesian and Jersey females were compared. Two thousand nine hundred thirty three, 282 and 280 data of Horro, Horro-Friesian and Horro-Jersey cows; 1804 and 1691 data for dry and wet seasons; 1716 and 1755 data of breeding by bull and artificial insemination respectively were used in the study. Horro cows had mean intervals from calving to first heat of 72.4 days (range 15-253) and from calving to conception 119.2 days (range 57-317). Similarly Horro x Friesian cows had mean intervals from calving to first heat of 77.8 days (range 17-247) and from calving to conception 123 days (range 66-277). Horro X Jersey cows had mean intervals from calving to first heat of 66.3 days (range 16-216) and from calving to conception 108.6 days (range 43-285). No significant differences were found between the breeds in the number of services per conception, gestation length and days to conception. However Horro X Jersey crosses had the shortest interval to first heat and days open and required less number of services per conception than the other breeds. Calving to first service interval did not vary among breeds. The influence of season of calving on the number of services per conception and days open was significant (p<0.05). Significant differences (p<0.05) were also found between the two breeding types, artificial insemination and bull, in the number of services per conception. The number of services per conception for cows served by bull and artificial insemination were 1.76 and 2.09 respectively.	Crossbred cows; Reproductive traits; Zebu cows	Bos indicus; Friesia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-23944469924	An evaluation of library automation in some Ghanaian university libraries	Amekuedee J.-O.	2005	Electronic Library	23	4	10.1108/02640470510611508	Balme Library, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway	Amekuedee, J.-O., Balme Library, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway	Purpose - The study was undertaken to find out which library processes have been automated in Ghana's three older public university libraries namely, the Balme Library, the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) Library and the University of Cape Coast (UCC) Library. Design/methodology/approach - Using data obtained through the use of questionnaires, the study examined areas of general automation, automation of specific library processes, networking, internet connectivity, training, and major constraints to library automation. Findings - The study found out that even though the university libraries realize the importance of library automation, they are hampered by lack of funds, lack of support from the university administrations, and lack of skilled staff to embark on automation of all library processes. It was also revealed that none of the libraries have on OPAC (online public access catalogue). Originality/value - The study concludes with recommendations that would enhance the university libraries drive towards automation of their library processes and ensure effective and efficient use of the new technology to raise the image of the libraries and give their library clients more services. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Automation; Ghana; Internet; Libraries; Universities	Developing countries; Information technology; Internet; Office automation; Online searching; Statistical methods; Ghana; Online public access catalogue; University libraries; Digital libraries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873350859	Statistical analysis of the performance of microfinance institutions: The Ethiopian case	Anduanbessa T.	2009	Savings and Development	33	2	None	Bank of Abyssinia S.C., Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Anduanbessa, T., Bank of Abyssinia S.C., Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Nowadays governments and many development agents pay great attention to the development of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) with the belief that they are able to alleviate poverty in a very shot time. This paper tried to give statistical insight in measuring the performance of MFIs in Ethiopia and the determinants of their performance. A cross-sectional data from 2006 fiscal calendar balance sheet of 26 MFIs in the country is used to carry out the study. Factor analysis (FA) of performance indicators revealed that the deposit mobilized from clients, the number of active borrowers, and the gross loan portfolio load high on one component, establishing the outreach performance dimension of the MFIs in the country. On the other hand, profit margin, OSS, return on asset and gross loan portfolio-to-total asset ratio load high on the other component, establishing the financial sustainability dimension. In order to identify the determinants of the performance of the MFIs, a seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) model was fitted on the outreach and sustainability dimension scores synthesized by FA. The number/ types of financial services rendered, the number of staff per branch and their capital are found to determine the outreach performance of the MFIs in the country. It was also noted that capital has an adverse impact on the outreach efforts of the MFIs. Moreover, the financial viability of the MFIs is found to be highly determined by the average amount of loans disbursed to individuals, the financial revenue ratio and the cost per borrower ratio.	Factor analysis (FA); Microfinance Institutions (MFIs); Outreach; Seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) model; Sustainability	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897143998	The impact of financial structure on profitability of firms: A cross-sectional industry analysis of Nigerian quoted firms	Ekumankama O.O.	2011	Corporate Ownership and Control	9	1 E	None	Banking and Finance Department, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, African Institute of Applied Economics, Nigeria	Ekumankama, O.O., Banking and Finance Department, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, African Institute of Applied Economics, Nigeria	This study empirically examines the impact of financial structure decision on the profitability of Nigerian quoted firms. Cross-sectional time series data of 72 Nigerian quoted firms were collated and analysed. Two hypotheses were proposed for the study, while the ordinary least square (OLS), fixed effects (FE) and the gerneralised least square (GLS) regression were used on pooled and panel data to estimate the relationship between financial leverage and the different measures of profitability in Nigeria quoted firms. In determining the extent of the influence of leverage on the dependent variables, most of the industrial groups showed evidence of sizable positive influence of leverage on profitability and earnings yield. This was significant and robust with all the measures of leverage.	Cross-sectional analysis; Finance; Listed firms; Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-61749094806	Internalisation and firm performance: Evidence from estimates of efficiency in banking in Namibia and Tanzania	Okeahalam C.C.	2008	Journal of International Development	20	7	10.1002/jid.1455	BAR, AGH Group, Private Bag X9, Benmore 2010 Johannesburg, South Africa	Okeahalam, C.C., BAR, AGH Group, Private Bag X9, Benmore 2010 Johannesburg, South Africa	This paper assesses and compares the impact of internationalisation on the economic performance of firms in the banking sector in Namibia and Tanzania. With the aid of financial ratios and econometric analysis, measures of efficiency are used as proxies for overall economic performance and comparisons are made. In Namibia, the market is more concentrated than in Tanzania, all the foreign banks are fromone country, and they have had a presence in the country for a long time. In Tanzania, the market is less concentrated than in Namibia, foreign entry is from a number of countries and has been more recent. The study finds that in Namibia, all the foreign banks are larger but more inefficient than domestically owned banks. In Tanzania, foreign banks are more efficient than domestic banks. These results suggest that the generation of foreign entry and industry structure are significant determinants of positive spillovers of internationalisation. They also indicate that the type of foreign entrant, not, just foreign entry determines the impact on efficiency and the competitive landscape. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Banking; Competition; Effciency; Internationalisation; Namibia; Performance; Tanzania	banking; competition (economics); competitiveness; globalization; technical efficiency; Africa; East Africa; Namibia; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864568925	Perceptions of Threat Risk Frequency and Impact on Construction Projects in Ghana: Opinion survey findings	Chileshe N., Boadua A., Yirenkyi-Fianko	2011	Journal of Construction in Developing Countries	16	2	None	Barbara Hardy Institute (BHI), School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIPMA), Achimota, Accra, Ghana	Chileshe, N., Barbara Hardy Institute (BHI), School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Boadua, A., Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIPMA), Achimota, Accra, Ghana; Yirenkyi-Fianko, Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIPMA), Achimota, Accra, Ghana	Threat risks are experienced by all stakeholders in a construction project. Although the nature of these risks is understood, less is known about their likelihood of occurrence and potential impact. This study explored these elements of risk by using an opinion survey approach to collect data from 103 professionals (clients, consultants and contractors) in the Ghanaian construction industry. Significant differences were found between the perceptions of these sub-groups regarding the likelihood of occurrence of threat risks in five categories: construction method; price inflation; exceptional weather; ground conditions and site contamination; and poor communication among the project team. The contractors rated 'construction methods' higher than did the clients, and they also rated 'exceptional weather' higher than either the clients or the consultants. On the other hand, consultants rated 'price inflation' higher than the clients. Significant differences between the sub-groups were also found regarding the potential impact of the threat risk of price fluctuation. The consultants rated the 'price fluctuation' threat risk higher than either the contractors or the clients. These findings suggest that despite the existence of remedial strategies to protect some of the stakeholders from these risks, there is a fear of being blacklisted, thus compromising future opportunities (especially among contractors) should legal action be taken to redress the identified problems (such as such delayed payments). The following implications are drawn: One of the suggested recourses is the introduction of bespoke rather than standard contracts, as these might introduce contract flaws and contribute towards helping the project stakeholders monitor these potential risks and take appropriate action. © Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2011.	Construction industry; Ghana; Opinion survey; Project risk factors	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880895145	Synthesis and biological evaluation of a post-synthetically modified Trp-based diketopiperazine	Preciado S., Mendive-Tapia L., Torres-García C., Zamudio-Vázquez R., Soto-Cerrato V., Pérez-Tomás R., Albericio F., Nicolás E., Lavilla R.	2013	MedChemComm	4	8	10.1039/c3md20353k	Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí I Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Patology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, Pavelló de Govern. 08907 L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain; School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 4001-Durban, South Africa; Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXII s.n., 08028 Barcelona, Spain	Preciado, S., Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Mendive-Tapia, L., Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Torres-García, C., Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí I Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Zamudio-Vázquez, R., Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Soto-Cerrato, V., Department of Patology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, Pavelló de Govern. 08907 L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain; Pérez-Tomás, R., Department of Patology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, Pavelló de Govern. 08907 L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain; Albericio, F., Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí I Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 4001-Durban, South Africa; Nicolás, E., Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí I Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Lavilla, R., Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXII s.n., 08028 Barcelona, Spain	A series of C2-arylated analogues of the diketopiperazine brevianamide F has been synthesized using a mild Pd-catalyzed CH-activation procedure. Biological evaluation of the new derivatives in different cell lines shows that this modification is responsible for the remarkable change in activity, turning a mild antibiotic and antifungal natural product (brevianamide F) into novel antitumoral compounds. Furthermore, the approach stated represents a new straightforward and versatile methodology with promising applications in peptidomimetics and medicinal chemistry. © 2013 The Royal Society of Chemistry.	None	antineoplastic agent; brevianamide F derivative; puromycin; unclassified drug; antineoplastic activity; antiproliferative activity; article; arylation; breast adenocarcinoma; cancer cell culture; catalysis; chemical modification; colon adenocarcinoma; controlled study; drug cytotoxicity; drug mechanism; drug potency; drug screening; drug structure; drug synthesis; human; human cell; lung carcinoma; priority journal; stereoisomerism; uterine cervix carcinoma	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-73949140661	Impact of silica on hydrometallurgical and mechanical properties of RIP grade resins for uranium recovery	Yahorava V., Scheepers J., Kotze M.H., Auerswald D.	2009	Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy	109	10	None	Bateman Engineering, South Africa	Yahorava, V.; Scheepers, J.; Kotze, M.H.; Auerswald, D., Bateman Engineering, South Africa	Resin-in-pulp (RIP) technology has recently often been considered for the direct recovery of base metals and uranium from dense pulps. Implementation of RIP will eliminate the requirement for any solid-liquid separation downstream of leaching and has the potential to combine the recovery and purification steps, hence reducing both capital and operating costs. The recovery of the valuable metal is expected to be higher when RIP is used, especially where the leached solids are difficult to settle or filter, and to wash. The main concerns about the use of RIP for uranium recovery from dense pulps are the impact of silica on the resin's metallurgical performance and the operating costs that would be associated with resin loss. Although a number of resin manufacturers have been developing much improved RIP-grade resins, it is critical that the most cost-effective resin be selected. Mintek currently is doing a significant amount of work on silica fouling of RIP-grade strongbase resins in acidic leach liquors and the effect it has on the performance of the resin, including its durability. This paper describes the results of the test work done on silica fouling and its impact on plant design input data. Resin durability test work was done using various laboratory techniques, but durability was also evaluated on a relatively large scale using actual pumps, screens, and mechanical agitation. Based on the results generated, a preliminary economical evaluation was done to estimate the impact of resin loss on the overall economic viability of a specific application. Keywords: resin-in-pulp, silica fouling, resin loss, equilibrium, kinetics, elution, durability, mechanical strength, resistance to attrition. © The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2009.	None	Base metals; Capital and operating costs; Durability test; Economic viability; Economical evaluation; Laboratory techniques; Leach liquors; Mechanical agitation; Mechanical strength; Metallurgical performance; Plant designs; Solid-liquid separation; Cost reduction; Durability; Leaching; Mechanical properties; Metal refining; Operating costs; Resins; Silica; Transuranium elements; Uranium; Metal recovery	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879129701	Evaluation of coagulation parameters and liver enzymes among alcohol drinkers in Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Adias T.C., Egerton E., Erhabor O.	2013	International Journal of General Medicine	6	None	10.2147/IJGM.S43472	Bayelsa College of Health Technology, Bayelsa State, Nigeria; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Department of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo Univers	Adias, T.C., Bayelsa College of Health Technology, Bayelsa State, Nigeria; Egerton, E., Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Erhabor, O., Department of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria	Alcohol is a major contributor to the global burden of disease, disability, and death in high, middle, and low-income countries. Harmful use of alcohol is one of the main factors contributing to premature deaths and avoidable disease burden worldwide and has a major impact on public health. The aim of this present cross-sectional study was to investigate the effect of alcohol consumption on coagulation parameters and liver enzymes of subjects in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Two hundred adults consisting of 120 alcohol dependent subjects and 80 age, gender-matched nondrinkers aged 25-65 years (mean age 45.25 ± 11.50 years) were enrolled in this study. Of the 120 chronic alcohol drinkers, 37 were dependent on local dry gin, while 83 were dependent on other alcoholic beverages. The mean values of the liver enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma glutamyl transferase, were significantly higher (P = 0.002 and P = 0.02 respectively) among the chronic alcohol consumers compared with their nondrinker counterparts. Although the value of alanine aminotransferase was higher in the chronic drinkers, it did not reveal any significant difference (P = 0.11). The coagulation parameters, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were investigated among chronic drinkers and nondrinkers. The mean value of prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time was significantly higher in the chronic alcohol drinkers compared to the nondrinkers (P = 0.04 and P = 0.02 respectively). We observed a positive and significant correlation between values of liver enzymes, serum gamma glutamyl transferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and values of prothrombin time among alcohol consumers (r = 0.72 and r = 0.68 respectively). The implementation of policies to target harm reduction strategies among alcoholics is urgently needed, alongside the building of a strong base of public awareness and community support required for the continuity and sustainability of alcohol policies. There is also the need for the Nigerian government to enforce tighter regulations and restrictions on the production and distribution of alcoholic beverages to reduce harmful use, and protect young people and other vulnerable groups. © 2013 Adias et al, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd.	Chronic alcoholics; Coagulation parameters; Liver enzymes; Nigeria; Port harcourt	alanine aminotransferase; aspartate aminotransferase; gamma glutamyltransferase; adult; aged; alanine aminotransferase blood level; alcohol consumption; alcoholic beverage; alcoholism; article; aspartate aminotransferase blood level; blood clotting parameters; controlled study; cross-sectional study; drinking behavior; female; gamma glutamyl transferase blood level; gin; human; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; partial thromboplastin time; prothrombin time	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-26844564684	Evaluation of the efficacy of emodepside+praziquantel topical solution against cestone (Dipylidium caninum, Taenia taeniaeformis, and Echinicoccus multilocularis) infections in cats	Charles S.D., Altreuther G., Reinemeyer C.R., Buch J., Settje T., Cruthers L., Kok D.J., Bowman D.D., Kazacos K.R., Jenkins D.J., Schein E.	2005	Parasitology Research	97	SUPPL. 1	10.1007/s00436-005-1442-3	Bayer HealthCare LLC, Animal Health Division, KS, United States; Bayer HealthCare AG, Animal Health Division, R and D Parasiticides, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany; East Tennessee Clinical Research, Knoxville, TN, United States; Professional Laboratory Research Services, NC, United States; ClinVet International, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Cheri Hill Kennel R and D, MI, United States; School of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Medicine, Australian National University, ACT, Australia; Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Parasitology and International Animal Health, Berlin, Germany	Charles, S.D., Bayer HealthCare LLC, Animal Health Division, KS, United States; Altreuther, G., Bayer HealthCare AG, Animal Health Division, R and D Parasiticides, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany; Reinemeyer, C.R., East Tennessee Clinical Research, Knoxville, TN, United States; Buch, J., Bayer HealthCare LLC, Animal Health Division, KS, United States; Settje, T., Bayer HealthCare LLC, Animal Health Division, KS, United States; Cruthers, L., Professional Laboratory Research Services, NC, United States; Kok, D.J., ClinVet International, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Bowman, D.D., Cheri Hill Kennel R and D, MI, United States; Kazacos, K.R., Cheri Hill Kennel R and D, MI, United States; Jenkins, D.J., School of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Medicine, Australian National University, ACT, Australia; Schein, E., Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Parasitology and International Animal Health, Berlin, Germany	Emodepside+praziquantel topical solution was developed to provide broad-spectrum anthelmintic activity against gastrointestinal parasites in cats. Eight controlled studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a topical solution of emodepside (3 mg/kg) and praziquantel (12 mg/kg) (Profender®, Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany) against feline infections with three species of cestodes. Studies featured naturally acquired infections of Dipylidium caninum or Taenia taeniaeformis, or experimental infections with Echinococcus multilocularis that were placebo-controlled, randomized and blinded. Cats were euthanatized and necropsied between 2 and 11 days after treatment, depending on the target parasite. The efficacy of emodepside+praziquantel topical solution was 100% against D. caninum and T. taeniaeformis, and 98.5- 100% against E. multilocularis. No significant systemic or local adverse reactions to treatment were noted in cats that received the combination. Topical treatment of cats with emodepside+praziquantel topical solution was safe and highly effective against cestode infections.	None	anthelmintic agent; emodepside; placebo; praziquantel; profender; unclassified drug; anthelmintic activity; article; autopsy; cat; cestodiasis; controlled study; drug efficacy; Echinococcus multilocularis; euthanasia; intestine parasite; nonhuman; priority journal; safety; Taenia taeniaeformis; Administration, Topical; Animals; Anthelmintics; Cat Diseases; Cats; Cestoda; Cestode Infections; Depsipeptides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Praziquantel; Cestoda; Dipylidium caninum; Echinococcus multilocularis; Felidae; Taenia taeniaeformis	None
WoS	WOS:000344345100006	The Impact of Mentor Mother Programs on PMTCT Service Uptake and Retention-in-Care at Primary Health Care Facilities in Nigeria: A Prospective Cohort Study (MoMent Nigeria)	Adejuyigbe, Ebun,Adeyemi, Olusegun A.,Afe, Abayomi J.,Bassey, Emem,Charurat, Manhattan E.,Cornelius, Llewellyn J.,Galadanci, Hadiza,Isah, Haroun O.,Jolaoso, Ibidun,Okundaye, Joshua N.,Sam-Agudu, Nadia A.,Wiwa, Owens M.	2014	JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES	67	None	10.1097/QAI.0000000000000331	Bayero University, Obafemi Awolowo University, University of Maryland Baltimore, University System of Maryland, Clinton Hlth Access Initiat, Equitable Hlth Access Initiat, Fed Minist Hlth, Inst Human Virol Nigeria	"Adejuyigbe, Ebun: Obafemi Awolowo University","Charurat, Manhattan E.: University of Maryland Baltimore","Charurat, Manhattan E.: University System of Maryland","Cornelius, Llewellyn J.: University of Maryland Baltimore","Cornelius, Llewellyn J.: University System of Maryland","Galadanci, Hadiza: Bayero University","Okundaye, Joshua N.: University of Maryland Baltimore","Okundaye, Joshua N.: University System of Maryland",	Background:Nigeria is a key target country in the global effort toward elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Low coverage of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) interventions, adherence, and retention-in-care rates in HIV-positive pregnant women are contributing factors to high mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT) rates. In Nigeria, rural areas, served largely by primary health care facilities, have particularly poor indicators of PMTCT coverage. Mentor Mothers are HIV-positive women who serve as peer counselors for PMTCT clients, provide guidance, and support in keeping appointments and promoting antiretroviral adherence and retention-in-care. The Mother Mentor (MoMent) study aims to investigate the impact of structured Mentor Mother programs on PMTCT outcomes in rural Nigeria.Design and Methods:A prospective cohort study will compare rates of retention-in-care among PMTCT clients who are supported by formally-trained supervised Mentor Mothers versus clients who receive standard-of-care, informal peer support. Study sites are 20 primary health care centers (10 intervention, 10 control) in rural North-Central Nigeria. The study population is HIV-positive mothers and exposed infant pairs (MIPs) (N = 480; 240 MIPs per study arm). Primary outcome measures are the proportion of exposed infants receiving early HIV testing by age 2 months, and the proportion of MIPs retained in care at 6 months postpartum. Secondary outcome measures examine antiretroviral adherence, 12-month postpartum MIP retention, and MTCT rates. This article presents details of the study design, the structured Mentor Mother programs, and how their impact on PMTCT outcomes will be assessed.	ADHERENCE,"early infant diagnosis","Mentor Mother",NIGERIA,PMTCT,RETENTION,AFRICA,CASCADE,COMMUNITY,INTERVENTION,OUTCOMES,PREVENTION,"TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION",WORKERS	None	None
WoS	WOS:000311783600002	Evaluation of the effectiveness of an outreach clinical mentoring programme in support of paediatric HIV care scale-up in Botswana	Anabwani, Gabriel,Draper, Heather R.,Gaetsewe, Neo,Jibril, Haruna,Kirk, Brianna,Scherzer, Leah,Thuto, Boitumelo,Tolle, Michael A.,Wanless, R. Sebastian,Workneh, Gelane	2013	AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV	25	1	10.1080/09540121.2012.674096	Baylor College of Medicine, Minist Hlth, Princess Marina Hosp, Texas Childrens Hosp	"Draper, Heather R.: Baylor College of Medicine","Gaetsewe, Neo: Baylor College of Medicine","Thuto, Boitumelo: Baylor College of Medicine","Wanless, R. Sebastian: Baylor College of Medicine",	Clinical mentoring by providers skilled in HIV management has been identified as a cornerstone of scaling-up antiretroviral treatment in Africa, particularly in settings where expertise is limited. However, little data exist on its effectiveness and impact on improving the quality-of-care and clinical outcomes, especially for HIV-infected children. Since 2008, the Botswana-Baylor Children's Clinical Centre of Excellence (COE) has operated an outreach mentoring programme at clinical sites around Botswana. This study is a retrospective review of 374 paediatric charts at four outreach mentoring sites (Mochudi, Phutadikobo, Molepolole and Thamaga) evaluating the effectiveness of the programme as reflected in a number of clinically-relevant areas. Charts from one visit prior to initiation of mentoring and from one visit after approximately one year of mentoring were assessed for statistically-significant differences (p&lt;0.05) in the documentation of clinically-relevant indicators. Mochudi showed notable improvements in all indicators analysed, with particular improvements in documentation of pill count, viral load (VL) results, correct laboratory monitoring and correct antiretroviral therapy (ART) dosing (p&lt;0.0001, p&lt;0.0001, p&lt;0.0001 and p&lt;0.0001, respectively). Broad and substantial improvements were also seen in Molepolole, with the most improvement in disclosure documentation of all four sites. At Thamaga, improvements were restricted to CD4 documentation (p&lt;0.001), recent VL and documented pill count (p&lt;0.05 and p&lt;0.05, respectively). Phuthadikobo showed the least amount of improvement across indicators, with only VL documentation and correct ART dosing showing statistically-significant improvements (p&lt;0.05 and p&lt;0.0001, respectively). These findings suggest that clinical mentoring may assist improvements in a number of important areas, including ART dosing and monitoring; adherence assessment and assurance; and disclosure. Clinical mentoring may be a valuable tool in scale-up of quality paediatric HIV care-and-treatment outside specialised centres. Further study will help refine approaches to clinical mentoring, including assuring mentoring translates into improved clinical outcomes for HIV-infected children.	"ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",BOTSWANA,"clinical mentoring",EFFECTIVENESS,"paediatric HIV",ADHERENCE,ADOLESCENTS,"ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",DISCLOSURE,EXPERIENCE,HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS,"INFECTED CHILDREN",MANAGEMENT,PERSPECTIVES,"SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67349208440	The WHOMEN's scale (women's HAART optimism monitoring and EvaluatioN scale v.1) and the association with fertility intentions and sexual behaviours among HIV-positive women in Uganda	Kaida A., Lima V.D., Andia I., Kabakyenga J., Mbabazi P., Emenyonu N., Patterson T.L., Hogg R.S., Bangsberg D.R.	2009	AIDS and Behavior	13	SUPPL. 1	10.1007/s10461-009-9553-y	BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada; Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mbarara, Uganda; University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States; University of California, San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, United States; Simon Fraser University (SFU), Burnaby, BC, Canada; Harvard Medical School/MGH, Boston, MA, United States	Kaida, A., BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada; Lima, V.D., BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Andia, I., Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mbarara, Uganda; Kabakyenga, J., Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mbarara, Uganda; Mbabazi, P., Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mbarara, Uganda; Emenyonu, N., University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States; Patterson, T.L., University of California, San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, United States; Hogg, R.S., BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Simon Fraser University (SFU), Burnaby, BC, Canada; Bangsberg, D.R., Harvard Medical School/MGH, Boston, MA, United States	The objective of this study was to develop a reliable HAART optimism scale among HIV-positive women in Uganda and to test the scale's validity against measures of fertility intentions, sexual activity, and unprotected sexual intercourse. We used cross-sectional survey data of 540 women (18-50 years) attending Mbarara University's HIV clinic in Uganda. Women were asked how much they agreed or disagreed with 23 statements about HAART. Data were subjected to a principal components and factor analyses. Subsequently, we tested the association between the scale and fertility intentions and sexual behaviour using Wilcoxon rank sum test. Factor analysis yielded three factors, one of which was an eight-item HAART optimism scale with moderately high internal consistency (α = 0.70). Women who reported that they intended to have (more) children had significantly higher HAART optimism scores (median = 13.5 [IQR: 12-16]) than women who did not intend to have (more) children (median = 10.5 [IQR: 8-12]; P < 0.0001). Similarly, women who were sexually active and who reported practicing unprotected sexual intercourse had significantly higher HAART optimism scores than women who were sexually abstinent or who practiced protected sexual intercourse. Our reliable and valid scale, termed the Women's HAART Optimism Monitoring and EvaluatioN scale (WHOMEN's scale), may be valuable to broader studies investigating the role of HAART optimism on reproductive intentions and sexual behaviours of HIV-positive women in high HIV prevalence settings. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Fertility intentions; HAART; HAART optimism; HAART optimism scale; HIV; Scale; Sexual behaviour; Uganda; Women	adult; article; factorial analysis; female; fertility; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; prevalence; rank sum test; reproduction; scoring system; sexual behavior; sexual intercourse; Uganda; Adult; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Attitude to Health; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Fertility; HIV Infections; Humans; Intention; Interviews as Topic; Pregnancy; Questionnaires; Reproductive Behavior; Sexual Behavior; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899795687	Evaluation of the mosquitocidal effect of Birbira (Mellitia ferruginea) seed extract against Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) from Ethiopia	Andemo A., Yewhalaw D., Alemayehu B., Ambelu A.	2014	Acta Tropica	136	1	10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.04.016	Bench Maji Zonal Health Department, Federal Ministry of Health, Bench Maji Zone, Ethiopia; Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Bench Maji Zonal Health Department, Federal Ministry of Health, Bench Maji Zone, Ethiopia; Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	Andemo, A., Bench Maji Zonal Health Department, Federal Ministry of Health, Bench Maji Zone, Ethiopia; Yewhalaw, D., Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Alemayehu, B., Bench Maji Zonal Health Department, Federal Ministry of Health, Bench Maji Zone, Ethiopia; Ambelu, A., Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	Mosquito control using insecticides has been the most successful intervention known to reduce malaria prevalence and/or incidence. However, over time success has been hampered due to the development of resistance by mosquitoes against chemical insecticides recommended for public health use. Development of effective botanical mosquitocidal compounds however can be potential alternatives tool in malaria vector control. Thus, the present study aimed at investigating the mosquitocidal effect of "Birbira" (Mellitia ferruginea) seed extract against the primary malaria vector, Anopheles arabiensis from Ethiopia. The mosquitocidal activity of M. ferruginea was assessed following WHO susceptibility test procedure. Methanol extract of M. ferruginea seeds was evaluated against third &amp; fourth instar larvae, pupae and, non-blood fed 3-5 days old laboratory strains and field populations of A. arabiensis under laboratory condition. Mortality was then recorded after 24h exposure. The seed extract of M. ferruginea showed high mosquitocidal activity against larvae, pupae and adult stages of both the laboratory strain and field population of A. arabiensis. The LC50 values for larvae and pupae population from a laboratory strains was, respectively, 14.7 and 41.33mg/L. While the LC50 values for the larvae and a pupa of the field population were, respectively, 30.88 and 74.54mg/L. In addition, the LC99 and LD99 values were also identified. The findings of this study indicated that, the extract could be applied on mosquito breeding sites. The plant extract could be also used for indoor residual sprays after conducting the persistency test. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Bioassay; Botanicals; Ethiopia; Malaria; Mosquito; Vector control	insecticide; Mellitia ferruginea extract; plant extract; unclassified drug; insecticide; plant extract; bioassay; disease control; disease vector; efficiency measurement; insecticide; malaria; mosquito; pesticide resistance; Anopheles arabiensis; article; berry; botany; controlled study; Ethiopia; evaluation research; IC 50; insecticidal activity; larval stage; malaria; Mellitia ferruginea; mortality; nonhuman; parasite vector; plant seed; pupa (life cycle stage); toxicity testing; animal; Anopheles; chemistry; drug effects; Fabaceae; Ethiopia; Animals; Anopheles; Fabaceae; Insecticides; Plant Extracts; Seeds	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76049129409	Impact of sediment characteristics on the macrobenthic invertebrates community of a perturbed tropical lagoon	Uwadiae R.E., Edokpayi C.A., Adegbite O., Ablmbola O.	2009	Ecology, Environment and Conservation	15	3	None	Benthic Ecology Unit, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria	Uwadiae, R.E., Benthic Ecology Unit, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria; Edokpayi, C.A., Benthic Ecology Unit, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria; Adegbite, O., Benthic Ecology Unit, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria; Ablmbola, O., Benthic Ecology Unit, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria	The physico-chemical characteristics of the sediments and the benthic macrfauna of Epe lagoon, in south-western Nigeria were investigated between September, 2004 and February, 2005. The sediment parameters studied were grain size, total organic content (TOC), pH, conductivity, nitrate, phosphate, sulphate and heavy metals (zinc and copper). A range of 65.8-92.8% for sand, 7.8-29.4% for mud, 2.05-98.5% for TOC, 7.2-8.0 for pH, 3.81-44.27mg/kg for zinc, 0.32-5.81mg/kg for copper, 0.10-0.19mg/kg for sulphate, 1.12-1.38mg/kg for nitrate, and 0.22-0.35mg/kg for phosphate were recorded during the study period. Sediment types were predominantly sand intermixed with varied proportions of mud. There was significant difference (ANOVA, P<0.05) in all the parameters investigated at the study stations except for phosphate and nitrate. A total of 2,673 individuals belonging to three phyla (Annelida, Arthropoda and mollusca) were encountered in this study. The molluscs dominated both in the number of individuals and species. The benthic macroinvertebrates abundance and diversity were low. The impact of sediment characteristics on the distribution, abundance and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates in the study area is discussed. Copyright © Enviromedia.	Coastal water; Macrobenthic invertebrates; Sediment characteristics; South-western Nigeria	coastal lagoon; inorganic compound; macrobenthos; macroinvertebrate; mollusc; parameterization; perturbation; physicochemical property; population density; population distribution; rationalization; sediment property; Epe Lagoon; Lagos [Nigeria]; Nigeria; Annelida; Arthropoda; Invertebrata; Mollusca	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939222284	Impacts of household energy programs on fuel consumption in Benin, Uganda, and India	Garland C., Jagoe K., Wasirwa E., Nguyen R., Roth C., Patel A., Shah N., Derby E., Mitchell J., Pennise D., Johnson M.A.	2015	Energy for Sustainable Development	27	None	10.1016/j.esd.2014.05.005	Berkeley Air Monitoring Group, 2124 Kittredge St #57, Berkeley, CA, United States; Wana Energy Solutions, Uganda; Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), FABEN Project, Benin; Food and Fuel Consultants, Germany; Alpha Renewable Energy, Pvt. Ltd., India; Self Employed Women's Association, India; Winrock International, United States; United States Environmental Protection Agency, United States	Garland, C., Berkeley Air Monitoring Group, 2124 Kittredge St #57, Berkeley, CA, United States; Jagoe, K., Berkeley Air Monitoring Group, 2124 Kittredge St #57, Berkeley, CA, United States; Wasirwa, E., Wana Energy Solutions, Uganda; Nguyen, R., Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), FABEN Project, Benin; Roth, C., Food and Fuel Consultants, Germany; Patel, A., Alpha Renewable Energy, Pvt. Ltd., India; Shah, N., Self Employed Women's Association, India; Derby, E., Winrock International, United States; Mitchell, J., United States Environmental Protection Agency, United States; Pennise, D., Berkeley Air Monitoring Group, 2124 Kittredge St #57, Berkeley, CA, United States; Johnson, M.A., Berkeley Air Monitoring Group, 2124 Kittredge St #57, Berkeley, CA, United States	This paper presents results of three United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sponsored field studies which assessed the fuel consumption impacts of household energy programs in Benin, Uganda, and Gujarat, India. These studies expand on a previous round of U.S. EPA supported efforts to build field testing capacity and collect stove performance data in Peru, Nepal, and Maharashtra, India. Daily fuel consumption estimates of traditional and intervention technologies were made using the Kitchen Performance Test (KPT) protocol to determine the potential fuel savings associated with the respective programs. The programs in Benin and Gujarat, India resulted in significant fuel savings of approximately 29% and 61%, respectively. In Uganda, the homes using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) consumed approximately 31% less charcoal than those not using LPG, although the total energy consumption per household was similar between the baseline and LPG user groups. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Biofuel; Cookstoves; Fuel savings; Kitchen Performance Test; Stove performance testing	biofuel; cooking appliance; energy use; fuel consumption; household energy; liquefied petroleum gas; performance assessment; Benin [West Africa]; Gujarat; India; Maharashtra; Nepal; Peru; Uganda; United States	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67649982907	Indoor air quality impacts of an improved wood stove in Ghana and an ethanol stove in Ethiopia	Pennise D., Brant S., Agbeve S.M., Quaye W., Mengesha F., Tadele W., Wofchuck T.	2009	Energy for Sustainable Development	13	2	10.1016/j.esd.2009.04.003	Berkeley Air Monitoring Group, 2124 Kittredge Street, Berkeley, CA 94704, United States; EnterpriseWorks Ghana, Box CT4808, Accra, Ghana; Gaia Association Ethiopia, Wereda 17 Kebele 23, Bole Subcity, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Pennise, D., Berkeley Air Monitoring Group, 2124 Kittredge Street, Berkeley, CA 94704, United States; Brant, S., Berkeley Air Monitoring Group, 2124 Kittredge Street, Berkeley, CA 94704, United States; Agbeve, S.M., EnterpriseWorks Ghana, Box CT4808, Accra, Ghana; Quaye, W., EnterpriseWorks Ghana, Box CT4808, Accra, Ghana; Mengesha, F., Gaia Association Ethiopia, Wereda 17 Kebele 23, Bole Subcity, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Tadele, W., Gaia Association Ethiopia, Wereda 17 Kebele 23, Bole Subcity, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Wofchuck, T., Gaia Association Ethiopia, Wereda 17 Kebele 23, Bole Subcity, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	This study was undertaken to assess the potential of two types of improved cookstoves to reduce indoor air pollution in African homes. An ethanol stove, the CleanCook, was tested in three locations in Ethiopia: the city of Addis Ababa and the Bonga and Kebribeyah Refugee Camps, while a wood-burning rocket stove, the Gyapa, was evaluated in Accra, Ghana. In both countries, kitchen concentrations of PM 2.5 and CO, the two pollutants responsible for the bulk of the ill-health associated with indoor smoke, were monitored in a before and after study design without controls. Baseline ('before') measurements were made in households using a traditional stove or open fire. 'After' measurements were performed in the same households, once the improved stove had been introduced. PM 2.5 was measured using UCB Particle Monitors, which have photoelectric detectors. CO was measured with Onset HOBO Loggers. In Ghana and Kebribeyah Camp, CO was also measured with Gastec diffusion tubes. In Ghana, average 24-hour PM 2.5 concentrations decreased 52% from 650 μg/m 3 in the 'before' phase to 320 μg/m 3 in the 'after' phase (p = 0.00), and average 24-hour kitchen CO concentrations decreased 40% from 12.3 ppm to 7.4 ppm (p = 0.01). Including all three subgroups in Ethiopia, average PM 2.5 concentrations decreased 84% from 1 250 μg/m 3 to 200 μg/m 3 (p = 0.00) and average CO concentrations decreased 76% from 38.9 ppm to 9.2 ppm (p = 0.00). 24-hour average CO levels in households using both the Gyapa and CleanCook stoves met, or nearly met, the World Health Organization (WHO) 8-hour Air Quality Guideline. PM 2.5 concentrations were well above both the WHO 24-hour Guideline and Interim Targets. Therefore, despite the significant improvements associated with both of these stoves, further changes in stove or fuel type or household fuel mixing patterns would be required to bring PM to levels that are not considered harmful to health. © 2009 International Energy Initiative.	Carbon monoxide; Ethanol; Fuel wood; Improved cookstove; Indoor air pollution; Particulate matter	air quality; atmospheric pollution; carbon monoxide; concentration (composition); cooking appliance; health risk; indoor air; measurement method; particulate matter; performance assessment; pollution control; pollution effect; wood; Addis Ababa; Africa; Bonga Forest; East Africa; Ethiopia; Ghana; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879800084	Getting the job done: Analysis of the impact and effectiveness of the SmileTrain program in alleviating the global burden of cleft disease	Poenaru D.	2013	World Journal of Surgery	37	7	10.1007/s00268-012-1876-6	BethanyKids at Kijabe Hospital, Box 20, Kijabe 00220, Kenya; 14-485 Green Road, Stoney Creek, ON L8E 6A7, Canada	Poenaru, D., BethanyKids at Kijabe Hospital, Box 20, Kijabe 00220, Kenya, 14-485 Green Road, Stoney Creek, ON L8E 6A7, Canada	Background: The study measured the success of SmileTrain, the largest cleft charity globally, in alleviating the global burden of disease (GBD). It was done by estimating averted disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and delayed averted DALYs because of the global backlog in cleft procedures. Methods: Anonymized data for all procedures in the SmileTrain global database were analyzed by age, sex, country, region, and surgery type. DALYs averted were calculated using life expectancy tables and established and estimated disability weights. The cost-effectiveness analysis used mean SmileTrain procedural disbursement figures. Sensitivity analysis was performed using various cleft incidence rates, life expectancy tables, and disability weights. Results: During 2003-2010 a total of 536,846 operations were performed on 364,467 patients - 86 % in Southeast Asia and the western Pacific region. Procedure numbers increased yearly. Mean age at primary surgery - 6.2 years (9.8 years in Africa) - remained fairly constant over time in each region. Globally, 2.1-4.7 million DALYs were averted through the operations at a total estimated cost of US$196 M. Mean DALYs per patient were 3.8-9.0, and mean cost per DALY was $72-$134. Total delayed GBD due to advanced age at surgery was 191,000-457,000 DALYs. Conclusions: Despite an unparalleled number of surgeries performed and yearly increase by one charity, the unmet and delayed averted cleft GBD remains significant in all regions. Large geographic disparities reflect varied challenges regarding access to surgery. Cleft surgeries are cost-effective interventions to reduce the global burden of disease (GBD). Future challenges include increased collaboration among cleft care providers and a focus on remote global areas by building infrastructure and local training. © 2012 Société Internationale de Chirurgie.	None	child; cleft palate; cost benefit analysis; cost of illness; economics; evaluation study; female; health; health care delivery; health care disparity; human; infant; international cooperation; life expectancy; life table; male; organization and management; plastic surgery; preschool child; procedures; program evaluation; social welfare; standards; statistics and numerical data; article; cleft palate; methodology; plastic surgery; standard; statistics; Charities; Child; Child, Preschool; Cleft Palate; Cost of Illness; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Female; Global Health; Health Services Accessibility; Healthcare Disparities; Humans; Infant; International Cooperation; Life Expectancy; Life Tables; Male; Program Evaluation; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures; Charities; Child; Child, Preschool; Cleft Palate; Cost of Illness; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Female; Health Services Accessibility; Healthcare Disparities; Humans; Infant; International Cooperation; Life Expectancy; Life Tables; Male; Program Evaluation; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures; World Health	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-61749084412	The impact of the positive Indian Ocean dipole on Zimbabwe droughts	Manatsa D., Chingombe W., Matarira C.H.	2008	International Journal of Climatology	28	15	10.1002/joc.1695	Bindura University of Science Education, Faculty of Science, Zimbabwe; Geography Department, National University of Lesotho, Lesotho, Lesotho; University of the Western Cape, Department of Earth Sciences, Western Cape, South Africa	Manatsa, D., Bindura University of Science Education, Faculty of Science, Zimbabwe; Chingombe, W., Bindura University of Science Education, Faculty of Science, Zimbabwe, University of the Western Cape, Department of Earth Sciences, Western Cape, South Africa; Matarira, C.H., Geography Department, National University of Lesotho, Lesotho, Lesotho	A comparative study of the impact of the anomalous positive Indian Ocean SST gradient, referred to as the Indian Ocean Dipole/Zonal Mode (IODZM), and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on Zimbabwe seasonal rainfall variability for the period 1940-1999, is documented. Composite techniques together with simple and partial correlation analyses are employed to segregate the unique association related to IODZM/ENSO with respect to the Zimbabwe seasonal rainfall. The analysis reveals that the IODZM impact on the country's summer rainfall is overwhelming as compared to that of ENSO when the two are in competition. The IODZM influence remains high (significant above 99% confidence level), even after the influence of ENSO has been removed, while that of ENSO collapses to insignificance (even at 90% confidence level) when the IODZM contribution is eliminated. The relationship between ENSO and Zimbabwe seasonal rainfall seems to be sustained through El Niño occurring in the presence of positive IODZM events. However, when the co-occurring positive IODZM and El Niño events are removed from the analysis, it is apparently clear that ENSO has little to do with the country's rainfall variability. On the other hand, positive IODZM is mostly associated with the rainfall deficits, whether or not it co-occurs with El Niño. However, the co-occurrence of the two events does not necessarily suggest that El Niño influences droughts through the positive IODZM events. The El Niño event components during co-occurrence seem to be unrelated (at least linearly) to the droughts, while the positive IODZM events display a relatively strong relationship that is significant above the 95% confidence level. It thus becomes important to extend the study of this nature to cover the whole of southern Africa, so that the extent of the impact of the phenomena can be realized over the whole region. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society.	Drought prediction; Droughts; El Niño-Southern oscillation; Indian ocean dipole/Zonal Mode; Seasonal rainfall; Southern Africa	Atmospheric pressure; Drought; Nickel compounds; Ocean engineering; Oceanography; Co occurrences; Comparative studies; Confidence levels; Indian ocean dipole/Zonal Mode; Indian ocean dipoles; Influence of enso; Partial correlations; Rainfall variabilities; Seasonal rainfall; Southern Africa; Summer rainfalls; Zimbabwe; Rain; air-sea interaction; correlation; drought; El Nino-Southern Oscillation; rainfall; sea surface temperature; seasonal variation; Africa; Indian Ocean; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902346930	Feed intake and growth performance of indigenous chicks fed diets with Moringa oleifera leaf meal as a protein supplement during early brooding stage	Gadzirayi C.T., Mupangwa J.F.	2014	International Journal of Poultry Science	13	3	None	Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice Campus, Alice-5700, South Africa	Gadzirayi, C.T., Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Mupangwa, J.F., Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice Campus, Alice-5700, South Africa	The high cost of conventional feed ingredients in poultry diets has necessitated the investigation into unconventional readily available feedstuffs. The study was designed to investigate the effects of feeding different levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) on feed intake and growth performance of indigenous chicks. Eighty four unsexed indigenous chicks were assigned to four treatment diets, with each treatment being replicated three times. The dietary treatments were as follows; control diet (T1) without MOLM and diets containing MOLM were at the rate of 5% (T2), 10% (T3) and 15% (T4) to supplement the CP of the control diet. Chicks fed on 0% MOLM had a higher average weekly feed intake than the other three treatments (T2, T3 and T4). The highest weight gain was experienced between weeks 4 to 6 except for treatment 3 that had its peak weight gain on week 5. FCR was similar for all dietary treatments. Weekly live bird weight (WLBW) advantage of chicks fed 0% MOLM diet was maintained followed by those fed diet containing 5% MOLM. The chicks on 10 and 15% MOLM diet recorded similar, but significantly (p&lt;0.05) lower WLBW from the 5 to 8th week than chicks on 0-5% MOLM. The study recommended MOLM inclusion levels of 5% in chicken diets during early brooding stage. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2014.	Brooding; Feed intake; Growth rate; Indigenous chicks; Moringa oleifera	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949686387	Evaluation of microbial systems for biotreatment of cassava mill waste water in Nigeria: biodegradation of cyanide	Agarry S.E., Owabor C.N.	2012	International Journal of Environmental Engineering	4	04-Mar	10.1504/IJEE.2012.050771	Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Benin, Benin-City, Nigeria	Agarry, S.E., Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Owabor, C.N., Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Benin, Benin-City, Nigeria	The capability of six isolated bacterial strains to utilise cyanide in cassava mill wastewater as a nitrogen source in a batch bioreactor was examined and evaluated. The results revealed that all the isolates were capable of degrading cyanide with percent degradation between 60 and 94% in 96 h. There was high positive correlation between cyanide biodegradation and microbial growth (0.90 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.97). The Monod kinetic model adequately described the dynamic behaviour of cyanide degradation by the different bacterial isolates. Thus, the study revealed the possibility of using the bacterial isolates in the biotreatment of cyanide waste effluents. © 2012 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	bacterial isolates; bioremediation; cassava mill wastewater; cyanide removal; Monod kinetic model	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904688255	Media evaluation of bioethanol production from cassava starch hydrolysate using saccharomyces cerevisiae	Betiku E., Alade O.S.	2014	Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects	36	18	10.1080/15567036.2011.557690	Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State C234, Nigeria; Biotechnology Department, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	Betiku, E., Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State C234, Nigeria; Alade, O.S., Biotechnology Department, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	Nine different media containing three different nitrogen sources, concentration of carbon source (cassava starch hydrolysate), and the pH were run in shake flasks to produce bioethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Analysis of variance of the results from the shake flask showed that there was no significant difference (P &gt; 0.05) in the maximum concentration of ethanol (Pt) produced from the media. From the bioreactor studies, similar kinetic parameters, including Pt of 48.16 g/L with theoretical yield (Yetoh) of 92% and Pt of 47.13 g/L with Yetoh of 92%, were recorded from 100 g/L carbon source in the complex and minimal media, respectively. ©Taylor &amp; Francis.	bioethanol; fermentation; hydrolysate; nitrogen sources; Saccharomyces cerevisiae	Bioethanol; Bottles; Carbon; Ethanol; Fermentation; Nitrogen; Plants (botany); Starch; Bio-ethanol production; Carbon source; Cassava starch; hydrolysate; Maximum concentrations; Minimal medias; Nitrogen sources; Theoretical yield; Yeast	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930402354	Comparison of artificial neural network and response surface methodology performance on fermentation parameters optimization of bioconversion of cashew apple juice to gluconic acid	Osunkanmibi O.B., Owolabi T.O., Betiku E.	2015	International Journal of Food Engineering	11	3	10.1515/ijfe-2015-0072	Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	Osunkanmibi, O.B., Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; Owolabi, T.O., Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; Betiku, E., Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	The study examined the impact and interactions of cashew apple juice (CAJ) concentration, pH, NaNO<inf>3</inf> concentration, inoculum size and time on gluconic acid (GA) production in a central composite design (CCD). The fermentation process and parameters involved were modeled and optimized using artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM). The ANN model established the optimum levels as CAJ of 250 g/l, pH of 4.21, NaNO<inf>3</inf> of 1.51 g/l, inoculum size of 2.87% volume and time of 24.41 h with an actual GA of 249.99 g/l. The optimum levels predicted by RSM model for the five independent variables were CAJ of 249 g/l, pH of 4.6, NaNO<inf>3</inf> of 2.29 g/l, inoculum size of 3.95% volume, and time of 38.9 h with an actual GA of 246.34 g/l. The ANN model was superior to the RSM model in predicting GA production. The study demonstrated that CAJ could serve as the sole carbon source for GA production. © 2015 by De Gruyter 2015.	Cashew apple juice; fermentation; fungi; gluconic acid; modeling; optimization	Carbon; Fruit juices; Fruits; Fungi; Models; Neural networks; Optimization; Surface properties; Cashew apple juice; Central composite designs; Fermentation process; Gluconic acids; Independent variables; Parameters optimization; Response surface methodology; Sole carbon source; Fermentation; Anacardium occidentale; Fungi; Malus x domestica	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77449153568	Formulation of annatto feed concentrate for layers and the evaluation of egg yolk color preference of consumers	Ofosu I.W., Appiah-Nkansah E., Owusu L., Apea-Bah F.B., Oduro I., Ellis W.O.	2010	Journal of Food Biochemistry	34	1	10.1111/j.1745-4514.2009.00264.x	Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Biosciences, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Kwabenya - Accra, Ghana	Ofosu, I.W., Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Biosciences, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Appiah-Nkansah, E., Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Biosciences, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Owusu, L., Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Biosciences, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Apea-Bah, F.B., Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Kwabenya - Accra, Ghana; Oduro, I., Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Biosciences, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Ellis, W.O., Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Biosciences, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Now a days, intensely farmed poultry eggs show almost no differences in egg yolk and albumin compared with domestic layers. Annatto shrub grows rapidly to produce seeds coated with bixin and norbixin dyes which are used to color foods requiring no limits according to codex standards because they are generally regarded as safe for food applications. In this research, annatto concentrate prepared at 1:1 feed to annatto seeds was applied at 1, 4, 7 and 10% over 8 months. The results show that such feeds had no effect on the egg size (P > 0.05) (mean = 62.25 g) as well as proximate composition of feed and flavor of the resulting egg yolks, while rate of application of concentrate show significant (P < 0.05) effect on overall preference of egg yolk of layers fed up to 7%. It is recommended that annatto concentrate can be applied at 1% to give generally acceptable color intensity. © 2010, The Author(s) Journal compilation © 2010, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930244335	Sub-acute evaluation of extract of syzygium malaccense in albino rats	Adebayo A.H., Ogundare O.C., Adegbite O.S.	2015	Research Journal of Medicinal Plant	9	2	10.3923/rjmp.2015.60.71	Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology Covenant University, PMB 1023, Canaan Land, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Biochemistry Unit, Department of Science and Laboratory Technology, School	Adebayo, A.H., Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology Covenant University, PMB 1023, Canaan Land, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ogundare, O.C., Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology Covenant University, PMB 1023, Canaan Land, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria, Biochemistry Unit, Department of Science and Laboratory Technology, School of Technology, Lagos State Polytechnic Ikorodu, PMB, 21606, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria; Adegbite, O.S., Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology Covenant University, PMB 1023, Canaan Land, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	The study was aimed at investigating the sub-acute evaluation of the extract of Syzygium malaccense in albino rats. Five groups of eight rats per group were orally administered with graded 50, 100, 250 and 500 mg kgG1 b.wt. doses of the extract for 28 days. Blood samples of the sacrificed rats were collected for biochemical and haematological studies while liver and kidney tissues were used for histopathological assessment. The results showed an LD50 of 1224.75 mg kgG1 b.wt. with no significant (p>0.05) changes in weight of organs tested. Biochemical parameters such as AST, ALP, protein and albumin levels in all the treated animals did not change significantly, however, there was significant (p<0.05) change in the activity of ALT as well as haematological parameters such as RBC, WBC, HGB, platelet counts, MCV and MCH when compared with the control group. The results from histopathology showed an inflammation of the liver cells at doses beyond 100 mg kgG1 b.wt. but there was no significant damage to the kidney tissue. It may be concluded that the extract of S. malaccense possesses the tendency of affecting the haematopoietic elements and may also alter the structural integrity of the liver tissue if ingested at higher doses. © 2015 Academic Journals Inc.	Biochemical parameters; Haematological indices; Histopathology; Myrtaceae; Syzygium malaccense	albumin; alkaline phosphatase; aspartate aminotransferase; hemoglobin; plant extract; protein; Syzygium malaccense extract; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal tissue; Article; blood sampling; controlled study; drug safety; enzyme activity; erythrocyte count; hepatitis; histopathology; LD50; leukocyte count; liver cell; mean corpuscular hemoglobin; mean corpuscular volume; nonhuman; organ weight; phytochemistry; rat; Syzygium; Syzygium malaccense; thrombocyte count; toxicity testing; Animalia; Myrtaceae; Rattus; Syzygium malaccense	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953796063	Evaluation of the polyphenol content and antioxidant properties of methanol extracts of the leaves, stem, and root barks of Moringa oleifera Lam.	Atawodi S.E., Atawodi J.C., Idakwo G.A., Pfundstein B., Haubner R., Wurtele G., Bartsch H., Owen R.W.	2010	Journal of Medicinal Food	13	3	10.1089/jmf.2009.0057	Biochemistry Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine Departments, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Institute for Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Centre, Heide	Atawodi, S.E., Biochemistry Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Atawodi, J.C., Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine Departments, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Idakwo, G.A., Biochemistry Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Pfundstein, B., Institute for Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany; Haubner, R., Institute for Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany; Wurtele, G., Institute for Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany; Bartsch, H., Institute for Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany; Owen, R.W., Institute for Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany	Medicinal plants have been shown to have both chemopreventive and/or therapeutic effects on cancer and other diseases related to oxidative damage. Moringa oleifera Lam., known in the Hausa and Igala languages of Nigeria as "Zogale" and "Gergedi," respectively, and drumstick in English, is a plant that is used both as food and in folkloric medicine in Nigeria and elsewhere. Different parts of the plant were analyzed for polyphenol content as well as in vitro antioxidant potential. The methanol extract of the leaves of M. oleifera contained chlorogenic acid, rutin, quercetin glucoside, and kaempferol rhamnoglucoside, whereas in the root and stem barks, several procyanidin peaks were detected. With the xanthine oxidase model system, all the extracts exhibited strong in vitro antioxidant activity, with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 16, 30, and 38 μL for the roots, leaves, and stem bark, respectively. Similarly, potent radical scavenging capacity was observed when extracts were evaluated with the 2-deoxyguanosine assay model system, with IC50 values of 40, 58, and 72 μL for methanol extracts of the leaves, stem, and root barks, respectively. The high antioxidant/radical scavenging effects observed for different parts of M. oleifera appear to provide justification for their widespread therapeutic use in traditional medicine in different continents. The possibility that this high antioxidant/radical scavenging capacity may impact on the cancer chemopreventive potential of the plant must be considered. © 2010, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.	antioxidant potential; drumstick; Moringa oleifera; polyphenol	chlorogenic acid; deoxyguanosine; glucoside; kaempferol derivative; methanol; Moringa oleifera extract; polyphenol; procyanidin; quercetin; rutoside; scavenger; xanthine oxidase; antioxidant activity; article; concentration response; IC 50; in vitro study; Moringa oleifera; plant leaf; plant root; plant stem; priority journal; Antioxidants; Flavonoids; Methanol; Moringa oleifera; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; Plant Stems; Moringa oleifera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-17644398419	Nutritional and toxicological evaluation of Saccharomyces cerevisae fermented cassava flour	Oboh G., Akindahunsi A.A.	2005	Journal of Food Composition and Analysis	18	7	10.1016/j.jfca.2004.06.013	Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria	Oboh, G., Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria; Akindahunsi, A.A., Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria	Pure strain of Saccharomyces cerevisae was used to ferment cassava pulp for 72 h with the aim of increasing the protein content of the cassava product. The mash obtained was processed to cassava flour, one of the forms in which cassava product is commonly consumed in Nigeria. The nutritional and toxicological potentials of the fungus fermented cassava flour were evaluated using rat bioassay. S. cerevisae fermented cassava flour (40%) fed to albino rat for 21 days had high feed conversion and digestibility (apparent and dry matter). Moreover, this level of cassava incorporation had no negative haematological (packed cell volume, red blood cell counts and white blood cell counts) effect. However, there was a significant (P < 0.05) rise in the serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase and serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase activities indicating a possible damage to the liver (hepatotoxic) and/or heart (cardiotoxic), while there was no significant (P > 0.05) rise in the serum albumin and bilirubin. Further pathological investigation revealed that the spleen showed some dark red colouration while the liver had some necrotic lesion. The possible cause of this damage is the theme of further investigation in our laboratory. © 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Cassava flour; Fermentation; Nutrition; S. cerevisae; Toxicology	alanine aminotransferase; aspartate aminotransferase; bilirubin; protein; serum albumin; alanine aminotransferase blood level; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; aspartate aminotransferase blood level; cardiotoxicity; cassava; controlled study; digestion; fermentation; flour; food analysis; food poisoning; food processing; food quality; liver necrosis; liver toxicity; Nigeria; nonhuman; nutritional value; protein content; rat; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; spleen; Fungi; Manihot esculenta; Saccharomyces	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857281840	Chemical evaluation of African palm weevil, Rhychophorus phoenicis, larvae as a food source	Elemo B.O., Elemo G.N., Makinde M.A., Erukainure O.L.	2011	Journal of Insect Science	11	None	10.1673/031.011.14601	Biochemistry Department, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria; Food Technology Division, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Lagos, Nigeria; School of Medicine, Ross University, Portsmouth, Dominica	Elemo, B.O., Biochemistry Department, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria; Elemo, G.N., Food Technology Division, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Lagos, Nigeria; Makinde, M.A., School of Medicine, Ross University, Portsmouth, Dominica; Erukainure, O.L., Food Technology Division, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Lagos, Nigeria	The chemical properties of the African palm weevil, Rhychophorus phoenicis (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), larvae were evaluated using standard methodology. The chloroform-methanol extract yielded 37.12% on a dry basis. The oil was liquid at room temperature with a flash point of 36.0 °C. Analysis of the physical constants indicated values of 192.25 Wijs and 427.70 mg KOH/g as iodine and saponification, respectively. Fatty acid analysis of the extracted oil showed the presence of unsaturated fatty acids at low levels. Palmitic acid and stearic acid constituted 35.3 and 60.5% of the oil, respectively. The usual behaviour of the oil at room temperature, irrespective of the level of unsaturation of its constituent fatty acid was noted. The total protein content of the defatted palm weevil larva (dry basis) was estimated at 66.3%. The amino acid values compared favourably to FAO reference protein, except for tryptophan, which was limiting. All the other essential amino acids were adequate. Mineral analysis revealed high levels of potassium (1025 mg/100 g) and phosphorus (685 mg/100 g). The dried and defatted palm weevil lava represents a very good source of protein, and a good complement of essential amino acids.	Amino acids; Edible insects; Fatty acids; Minerals	Coleoptera; Curculionidae; Dryophthorinae; Hexapoda; Rhynchophorus phoenicis; animal; article; chemistry; food analysis; larva; protein intake; weevil; Animals; Dietary Proteins; Food Analysis; Larva; Weevils	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-60049101030	Impact of solar radiation in disinfecting drinking water contaminated with Giardia duodenalis and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar at a point-of-use water treatment	Mtapuri-Zinyowera S., Midzi N., Muchaneta-Kubara C.E., Simbini T., Mduluza T.	2009	Journal of Applied Microbiology	106	3	10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04054.x	Biochemistry Department, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; National Institute of Health Research, Causeway, Zimbabwe; Centre for Evaluation of Public Health Interventions, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe	Mtapuri-Zinyowera, S., Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Midzi, N., National Institute of Health Research, Causeway, Zimbabwe; Muchaneta-Kubara, C.E., Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Simbini, T., Centre for Evaluation of Public Health Interventions, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mduluza, T., Biochemistry Department, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe, Department of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe	Aims: To determine the impact of natural sunlight in disinfecting water contaminated with cysts of Giardia duodenalis and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar using plastic containers. Methods and Results: Known quantities of Giardia duodenalis and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar cysts in sterile water were exposed to the sun. Containers were made of polyethylene terephthalate, eight painted black on one side, one not painted and another cut open at the top and the last was a high density polypropylene container. Viability testing was performed using vital and fluorescent dyes. The same assays were conducted under cloudy conditions. Thermal control tests were also performed using heat without ultra violet light from the sun. Results show that 99·9% of parasites was inactivated when water temperatures reached 56°C after sunlight exposure. Conclusion: Both solar radiation and heat produced by the sun have a synergistic effect in killing cysts of Giardia duodenalis and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar when temperatures rise above 50°C, with complete death at 56°C, using painted 2-l PET containers. Significance and Impact of the Study: Solar disinfection system using PET containers painted black on one side can be used to disinfect water against Giardia duodenalis and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar using natural sunlight. © 2009 The Authors.	Drinking water at point-of-use; Protozoan parasites; Solar radiation; Treatment	drinking water; fluorescent dye; plastic; polyethylene terephthalate; polypropylene; water; bacterium; cyst; disinfection; drinking water; solar radiation; temperature effect; testing method; water temperature; water treatment; adolescent; article; child; container; controlled study; cyst (resting stage); density; disinfection; Entamoeba dispar; Entamoeba histolytica; Giardia duodenalis; heat; human; major clinical study; nonhuman; parasite identification; parasite viability; preschool child; quantitative analysis; school child; solar radiation; sun; sun exposure; sunlight; thermal stimulation; ultraviolet radiation; vital stain; water contamination; water temperature; water treatment; Animals; Disinfection; Entamoeba histolytica; Fluorescent Dyes; Giardia lamblia; Spores, Bacterial; Sunlight; Water Microbiology; Water Purification; Water Supply; Entamoeba; Giardia intestinalis; Protozoa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897925657	Evaluation of haemagglutination potentials of lectin isolated from ordeal tree (erythrophleum suaveolens) stem bark	Onyeyirichi I., Mario I.H., Sani I., Joshua O., Ogechi N.	2013	International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy	4	6	10.7897/2277-4343.04619	Biochemistry Division, Basic Research Department, National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Basawa, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Petrochemica	Onyeyirichi, I., Biochemistry Division, Basic Research Department, National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Basawa, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Mario, I.H., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Sani, I., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Joshua, O., Petrochemical Division, National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Basawa, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Ogechi, N., Biochemistry Division, Basic Research Department, National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Basawa, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria	Lectin from Erythrophleum suaveolens stem bark was partially purified and evaluated in terms of its haemagglutination activity. Ground, dried stem bark of Erythrophleum suaveolens was extracted by aqueous method and theprotein extract was concentrated in 20-90% saturation. The ammonium sulfate precipitate was subjected to gel filtration chromatography using Sephadex G-75 resin and fractions were tested for haemagglutination activity. The two fractions obtained with the highest hemmaglutinating activity were further subjected separately to ion-exchange chromatography using Sp- Sephadex C-50 resin. Isolated lectins were found to agglutinate chicken erythrocytes; fractions from gel filtration chromatography showed haemagglutinating activity of 0.1 HU/μL and 0.091 HU/μL, while the ion exchange fractions showed haemagglutinating activity of 0.05 HU/μL and all were stable at the temperature range of 30-60°C and pH range of 3-7. The carbohydrate content of the crude extract, Gel I, Gel II, Ion I and Ion II fractions were 0.04 %, 0.04 %, 0.03 %, 0.02 %, respectively. The crude and purified lectins inhibited agglutination in the presence of mannose and Nacetyl- glucoseamine sugars and showed five bands at positions 38kDa, 28kDa, 26kDa, 11kDa and 9kDa on a SDS-PAGE electrophoregram.	Bark; Erythrocytes; Erythrophleum suaveolens; Haemagglutinating activity; Lectin; Ordeal tree	lectin; mannose; n acetylglucosamine; agglutination test; animal cell; article; bark; carbohydrate analysis; chicken; concentration response; controlled study; drug isolation; drug purification; drug screening; erythrocyte; erythrophleum suaveolens; Fabaceae; hemagglutination; nonhuman; pH; phytochemistry; plant stem; temperature sensitivity; tree	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955434124	Evaluation of in vitro activity of essential oils against trypanosoma brucei brucei and trypanosoma evansi	Habila N., Agbaji A.S., Ladan Z., Bello I.A., Haruna E., Dakare M.A., Atolagbe T.O.	2010	Journal of Parasitology Research	2010	None	10.1155/2010/534601	Biochemistry Division, National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, P.M.B, 1052 Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B, 1045 Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B., 1045 Zaria,	Habila, N., Biochemistry Division, National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, P.M.B, 1052 Zaria, Nigeria; Agbaji, A.S., Biochemistry Division, National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, P.M.B, 1052 Zaria, Nigeria; Ladan, Z., Biochemistry Division, National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, P.M.B, 1052 Zaria, Nigeria; Bello, I.A., Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B, 1045 Zaria, Nigeria; Haruna, E., Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B., 1045 Zaria, Nigeria; Dakare, M.A., Biochemistry Division, National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, P.M.B, 1052 Zaria, Nigeria; Atolagbe, T.O., Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B., 1045 Zaria, Nigeria	Essential oils (EOs) from Cymbopogon citratus (CC), Eucalyptus citriodora (EC), Eucalyptus camaldulensis (ED), and Citrus sinensis (CS) were obtained by hydrodistillation process. The EOs were evaluated in vitro for activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei (Tbb) and Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi). The EOs were found to possess antitrypanosomal activity in vitro in a dose-dependent pattern in a short period of time. The drop in number of parasite over time was achieved doses of 0.4g/ml, 0.2g/mL, and 0.1g/mL for all the EOs. The concentration of 0.4g/mL CC was more potent at 3 minutes and 2 minutes for Tbb and T. evansi, respectively. The GC-MS analysis of the EOs revealed presence of Cyclobutane (96.09) in CS, 6-octenal (77.11) in EC, Eucalyptol (75) in ED, and Citral (38.32) in CC among several other organic compounds. The results are discussed in relation to trypanosome chemotherapy. © 2010 Nathan Habila et al.	None	acetylcholinesterase; essential oil; antitrypanosomal activity; article; controlled study; Cymbopogon citratus; distillation; drug activity; enzyme activity; Eucalyptus; Eucalyptus camaldulensis; eucalyptus citriodora; in vitro study; nonhuman; priority journal; sweet orange; Trypanosoma brucei; Trypanosoma evansi; Citrus sinensis; Corymbia citriodora; Cymbopogon citratus; Eucalyptus camaldulensis; Trypanosoma brucei brucei; Trypanosoma evansi	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905995470	Evaluation and quantification of the contributions of damaged shea kernels to the quality of Nigerian shea butter	Obibuzor J.U., Abigor R.D., Omamor I.B., Omoriyekemwen V.O., Okunwaye T., Okogbenin E.A.	2014	International Journal of Postharvest Technology and Innovation	4	1	10.1504/IJPTI.2014.064140	Biochemistry Division, Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research, NIFOR, PMB 1030, Benin City, Nigeria; Pathology Division, Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research, NIFOR, PMB 1030, Benin City, Nigeria	Obibuzor, J.U., Biochemistry Division, Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research, NIFOR, PMB 1030, Benin City, Nigeria; Abigor, R.D., Biochemistry Division, Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research, NIFOR, PMB 1030, Benin City, Nigeria; Omamor, I.B., Pathology Division, Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research, NIFOR, PMB 1030, Benin City, Nigeria; Omoriyekemwen, V.O., Biochemistry Division, Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research, NIFOR, PMB 1030, Benin City, Nigeria; Okunwaye, T., Biochemistry Division, Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research, NIFOR, PMB 1030, Benin City, Nigeria; Okogbenin, E.A., Biochemistry Division, Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research, NIFOR, PMB 1030, Benin City, Nigeria	The objective of the research was to characterise the quality of shea kernel that is whole and intact (WSK), bruised (BSK), and microbial and pest (MPSK) and, to evaluate the physico-chemical properties of the extracted butter in order to partition the contributions of the spoilt kernels to the overall butter quality. The study was performed using shea nuts from Kutigi, Bida, Nigeria. Proximate composition, physico-chemical and fatty acid composition were determined using standard methods of analysis on the whole kernel and the extracted butter. The lipid content was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in WSK (52.44%) relative to BSK (41.99%) and MPSK (39.80%). The study indicated that MSPK made the highest contribution in lowering the shea butter quality by 30%-50%. There was no significant difference in the fatty acid composition of the three sample categories. The free fatty acid, acid value, peroxide value and anisidine value were 3.4, 3.4, 5 and 3 times higher in MPSK than in BSK respectively. This study recommends that the shea kernel processors should sort the shea kernels into three categories and process them correspondingly to yield three different grades and markets depending on period of storage. Overall, the spoilage process in stored shea kernel significantly affects the chemical quality of butter and this study has revealed numerically the degree. Copyright © 2014 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	Butter; Fatty acids; Microbial; Nigeria; Postharvest.; Proximate composition; Quality; Shea kernel	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-83255175356	Impact of anthropogenic disturbance on a mangrove forest assessed by a id cellular automaton model using lotka-volterra-type competition	Obade P.T., Koedam N., Soetaert K., Neukermans G., Bogaert J., Nyssen E., Van Nedervelde F., Berger U., Dahdouh-Guebas F.	2008	International Journal of Design and Nature and Ecodynamics	3	4	10.2495/D&NE-V3-N4-296-320	Biocomplexity Research Focus, Laboratory of General Botany and Nature Management, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium; Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Kenya; Nederlands Instituut voor Oecologisch Onderzoek, Centrum voor Estuariene en Mariene Ecologie (NIOO-CEMO), Netherlands; Laboratoire d'Ecologie du Paysage et Systèmes de Production Végétale, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium; Department of Electronics and Informatics, Image Processing and Machine Vision Group, VUB, Belgium; Département de Biologie des Organismes, Faculté des Sciences, Complexité et Dynamique des Systèmes Tropicaux, Belgium; Department of Forest Biometry and Systems Analysis, Institute of Forest Growth and Forest Computer Sciences, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany	Obade, P.T., Biocomplexity Research Focus, Laboratory of General Botany and Nature Management, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium, Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Kenya; Koedam, N., Biocomplexity Research Focus, Laboratory of General Botany and Nature Management, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium; Soetaert, K., Nederlands Instituut voor Oecologisch Onderzoek, Centrum voor Estuariene en Mariene Ecologie (NIOO-CEMO), Netherlands; Neukermans, G., Biocomplexity Research Focus, Laboratory of General Botany and Nature Management, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium; Bogaert, J., Laboratoire d'Ecologie du Paysage et Systèmes de Production Végétale, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium; Nyssen, E., Department of Electronics and Informatics, Image Processing and Machine Vision Group, VUB, Belgium; Van Nedervelde, F., Département de Biologie des Organismes, Faculté des Sciences, Complexité et Dynamique des Systèmes Tropicaux, Belgium; Berger, U., Department of Forest Biometry and Systems Analysis, Institute of Forest Growth and Forest Computer Sciences, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Dahdouh-Guebas, F., Biocomplexity Research Focus, Laboratory of General Botany and Nature Management, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium, Département de Biologie des Organismes, Faculté des Sciences, Complexité et Dynamique des Systèmes Tropicaux, Belgium	Mangrove forests are ecologically and economically important and frequently dominating protected coastal areas in the tropics and subtropics at suitable intertidal zones and are often subjected to disturbances that disrupt the structure of an ecosystem, that change resource availability and that create patterns in vegetation by producing a mosaic of serai stages that ecologists have long recognised as important to landscape-level patch mosaics. Several good reasons justify the need for pursuing a predictive understanding of the ecology of mangrove species competition including the role of disturbance events and the aftermath. A predictive understanding can challenge our assumptions concerning the factors that control plant distribution and abundance and provide techniques for predicting rates of species change ranges in response to disturbances. The aim of this study was to evaluate and predict the impact of canopy disturbances on Gazi Bay mangrove forests and the subsequent vegetation patterns both spatially and temporally. The use of a simple 1D cellular automaton provided a detailed and nearly comprehensive parameterisation of the model by forest structure parameters belonging to the standard measurements of mangrove field surveys. In the study presented, the field data were obtained for disturbance impacts at various spatial scales considering not only the spatial extent of the disturbance but also its particular location. For this, multiple sampling transects were selected a priori, based on the vegetation patterns observed on Quickbird satellite image (2002) of Gazi, to reflect major ecological zones and vegetation transitions in space. Earlier field studies already revealed different population trajectories in some cases for the same pairwise species interactions, which are consistent with the hypothesis that different scales of disturbances may affect succession trends. Simulation experiments supported these findings by demonstrating that varying disturbance impacts determine coexistence or mutual exclusion of the interacting species and occasionally leading to equilibrium shifts to alternative states. We suggest the consideration of simulation experiments as a good proxy for predicting mangrove species dynamics not neglecting the need of further evaluation based on the transient ecodynamics. © 2009 WIT Press.	Forecasting; Gazi; Kenya; Mangrove; Succession trajectory; Vegetation dynamics	Alternative state; Anthropogenic disturbance; Canopy disturbance; Cellular automaton models; Coastal area; Control plants; Different scale; Ecological zones; Equilibrium shift; Field data; Field studies; Field surveys; Forest structure; Gazi; Interacting species; Intertidal zones; Kenya; Mangrove; Mangrove forest; Mangrove species; Multiple sampling; Mutual exclusions; QuickBird satellite; Resource availability; Simulation experiments; Spatial extent; Spatial scale; Species interactions; Standard measurements; Vegetation dynamics; Vegetation pattern; Cellular automata; Coastal zones; Dynamics; Ecosystems; Experiments; Forecasting; Tropics; Vegetation; Forestry	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865827371	Development and preliminary evaluation of a real-time PCR assay for Halioticida noduliformans in abalone tissues	Greeff M.R., Christison K.W., MacEy B.M.	2012	Diseases of Aquatic Organisms	99	2	10.3354/dao02468	Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, South Africa; Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Aquaculture Research, Private Bag X2, Roggebaai, Cape Town, 8012, South Africa	Greeff, M.R., Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, South Africa; Christison, K.W., Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, South Africa, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Aquaculture Research, Private Bag X2, Roggebaai, Cape Town, 8012, South Africa; MacEy, B.M., Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Aquaculture Research, Private Bag X2, Roggebaai, Cape Town, 8012, South Africa	Abalone Haliotis midae exhibiting typical clinical signs of tubercle mycosis were discovered in South African culture facilities in 2006, posing a significant threat to the industry. The fungus responsible for the outbreak was identified as a Peronosporomycete, Halioticida noduliformans. Currently, histopathology and gross observation are used to diagnose this disease, but these 2 methods are neither rapid nor sensitive enough to provide accurate and reliable diagnosis. Realtime quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a rapid and reliable method for the detection and quantification of a variety of pathogens, so therefore we aimed to develop a qPCR assay for species-specific detection and quantification of H. noduliformans. Effective extraction of H. noduliformans geno - mic DNA from laboratory grown cultures, as well as from spiked abalone tissues, was accomplished by grinding samples using a pellet pestle followed by heat lysis in the presence of Chelax- 100 beads. A set of oligonucleotide primers was designed to specifically amplify H. noduliformans DNA in the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene, and tested for cross-reactivity to DNA extracted from related and non-related fungi isolated from seaweeds, crustaceans and healthy abalone; no crossamplification was detected. When performing PCR assays in an abalone tissue matrix, an environment designed to be a non-sterile simulation of environmental conditions, no amplification occurred in the negative controls. The qPCR assay sensitivity was determined to be approximately 0.28 pg of fungal DNA (∼2.3 spores) in a 25 μl reaction volume. Our qPCR technique will be useful for monitoring and quantifying H. noduliformans for the surveillance and management of abalone tubercle mycosis in South Africa. © Inter-Research 2012.	Abalone; Disease; Halioticida noduliformans; PCR; Tubercle mycosis	bioassay; environmental conditions; fungal disease; histopathology; host-pathogen interaction; matrix; mitochondrial DNA; monitoring; polymerase chain reaction; population outbreak; seaweed; South Africa; Bacteria (microorganisms); Crustacea; Fungi; Haliotidae; Haliotis midae; Lonchocarpus glaucifolius; fungal DNA; animal; article; classification; fungus; genetics; isolation and purification; methodology; microbiology; mollusc; real time polymerase chain reaction; sensitivity and specificity; species difference; Animals; DNA, Fungal; Fungi; Mollusca; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sensitivity and Specificity; Species Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-24344464067	Validation of species-climate impact models under climate change	Araújo M.B., Pearson R.G., Thuiller W., Erhard M.	2005	Global Change Biology	11	9	10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01000.x	Biodiversity Research Group, School of Geography and Environment, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TD, United Kingdom; Biogeography and Conservation Laboratory, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom; Macroecology and Conservation Unit, University of Évora, Estrada dos Leões, 7000-730 Évora, Portugal; Climate Change Research Group, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag x7, Claremont 7735 Cape Town, South Africa; Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany; Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, C/Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain	Araújo, M.B., Biodiversity Research Group, School of Geography and Environment, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TD, United Kingdom, Biogeography and Conservation Laboratory, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, C/Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Pearson, R.G., Biodiversity Research Group, School of Geography and Environment, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TD, United Kingdom, Macroecology and Conservation Unit, University of Évora, Estrada dos Leões, 7000-730 Évora, Portugal; Thuiller, W., Climate Change Research Group, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag x7, Claremont 7735 Cape Town, South Africa; Erhard, M., Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany	Increasing concern over the implications of climate change for biodiversity has led to the use of species-climate envelope models to project species extinction risk under climate-change scenarios. However, recent studies have demonstrated significant variability in model predictions and there remains a pressing need to validate models and to reduce uncertainties. Model validation is problematic as predictions are made for events that have not yet occurred. Resubstituition and data partitioning of present-day data sets are, therefore, commonly used to test the predictive performance of models. However, these approaches suffer from the problems of spatial and temporal autocorrelation in the calibration and validation sets. Using observed distribution shifts among 116 British breeding-bird species over the past ∼20 years, we are able to provide a first independent validation of four envelope modelling techniques under climate change. Results showed good to fair predictive performance on independent validation, although rules used to assess model performance are difficult to interpret in a decision-planning context. We also showed that measures of performance on nonindependent data provided optimistic estimates of models' predictive ability on independent data. Artificial neural networks and generalized additive models provided generally more accurate predictions of species range shifts than generalized linear models or classification tree analysis. Data for independent model validation and replication of this study are rare and we argue that perfect validation may not in fact be conceptually possible. We also note that usefulness of models is contingent on both the questions being asked and the techniques used. Implementations of species-climate envelope models for testing hypotheses and predicting future events may prove wrong, while being potentially useful if put into appropriate context. © 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Bioclimatic-envelope models; Breeding birds; Britain; Climate change; Model accuracy; Uncertainty; Validation	biodiversity; bird; breeding population; climate change; extinction risk; Eurasia; Europe; United Kingdom; Western Europe; Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857373506	The BIOTA Biodiversity Observatories in Africa-a standardized framework for large-scale environmental monitoring	Jürgens N., Schmiedel U., Haarmeyer D.H., Dengler J., Finckh M., Goetze D., Gröngröft A., Hahn K., Koulibaly A., Luther-Mosebach J., Muche G., Oldeland J., Petersen A., Porembski S., Rutherford M.C., Schmidt M., Sinsin B., Strohbach B.J., Thiombiano A., W	2012	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	184	2	10.1007/s10661-011-1993-y	Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg 22609, Germany; Department of Botany, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Wismarsche Str. 8, Rostock 18051, Germany; Institute of Soil Science, University of Hamburg, Allende-Platz 2, Hamburg 20146, Germany; Department of Ecology and Geobotany, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, J. W. Goethe-University, Siesmayerstr. 70, Frankfurt am Main 60323, Germany; Laboratoire de Production et Amélioration Végétales, U.F.R. Sciences de la Nature, Université d'Abobo-Adjamé, BP 150, Daloa 02, Cote d'Ivoire; Department of Research Management and Funding, University of Hamburg, Moorweidenstr. 18, Hamburg 20148, Germany; Applied Biodiversity Research Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), Kirstenbosch, Rhodes Avenue, Newlands, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Research Institute Senckenberg, J.W. Goethe-University, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main 60325, Germany; Laboratoire d'Ecologie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01 B. P. 526, Cotonou, Benin; National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI), P/Bag 13184, Windhoek, Namibia; Laboratoire de Biologie et d'Écologie Végétales, Unité de Formation et Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, Université de Ouagadougou, BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03 03, Burkina Faso	Jürgens, N., Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg 22609, Germany; Schmiedel, U., Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg 22609, Germany; Haarmeyer, D.H., Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg 22609, Germany, Department of Ecology and Geobotany, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, J. W. Goethe-University, Siesmayerstr. 70, Frankfurt am Main 60323, Germany; Dengler, J., Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg 22609, Germany; Finckh, M., Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg 22609, Germany; Goetze, D., Department of Botany, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Wismarsche Str. 8, Rostock 18051, Germany; Gröngröft, A., Institute of Soil Science, University of Hamburg, Allende-Platz 2, Hamburg 20146, Germany; Hahn, K., Department of Ecology and Geobotany, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, J. W. Goethe-University, Siesmayerstr. 70, Frankfurt am Main 60323, Germany; Koulibaly, A., Laboratoire de Production et Amélioration Végétales, U.F.R. Sciences de la Nature, Université d'Abobo-Adjamé, BP 150, Daloa 02, Cote d'Ivoire; Luther-Mosebach, J., Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg 22609, Germany, Institute of Soil Science, University of Hamburg, Allende-Platz 2, Hamburg 20146, Germany; Muche, G., Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg 22609, Germany; Oldeland, J., Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg 22609, Germany; Petersen, A., Institute of Soil Science, University of Hamburg, Allende-Platz 2, Hamburg 20146, Germany, Department of Research Management and Funding, University of Hamburg, Moorweidenstr. 18, Hamburg 20148, Germany; Porembski, S., Department of Botany, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Wismarsche Str. 8, Rostock 18051, Germany; Rutherford, M.C., Applied Biodiversity Research Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), Kirstenbosch, Rhodes Avenue, Newlands, Cape Town 7700, South Africa, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Schmidt, M., Research Institute Senckenberg, J.W. Goethe-University, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main 60325, Germany; Sinsin, B., Laboratoire d'Ecologie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01 B. P. 526, Cotonou, Benin; Strohbach, B.J., National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI), P/Bag 13184, Windhoek, Namibia; Thiombiano, A., Laboratoire de Biologie et d'Écologie Végétales, Unité de Formation et Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, Université de Ouagadougou, BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03 03, Burkina Faso; Wittig, R., Department of Ecology and Geobotany, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, J. W. Goethe-University, Siesmayerstr. 70, Frankfurt am Main 60323, Germany; Zizka, G., Research Institute Senckenberg, J.W. Goethe-University, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main 60325, Germany	The international, interdisciplinary biodiversity research project BIOTA AFRICA initiated a standardized biodiversity monitoring network along climatic gradients across the African continent. Due to an identified lack of adequate monitoring designs, BIOTA AFRICA developed and implemented the standardized BIOTA Biodiversity Observatories, that meet the following criteria (a) enable long-term monitoring of biodiversity, potential driving factors, and relevant indicators with adequate spatial and temporal resolution, (b) facilitate comparability of data generated within different ecosystems, (c) allow integration of many disciplines, (d) allow spatial up-scaling, and (e) be applicable within a network approach. A BIOTA Observatory encompasses an area of 1 km 2 and is subdivided into 100 1-ha plots. For meeting the needs of sampling of different organism groups, the hectare plot is again subdivided into standardized subplots, whose sizes follow a geometric series. To allow for different sampling intensities but at the same time to characterize the whole square kilometer, the number of hectare plots to be sampled depends on the requirements of the respective discipline. A hierarchical ranking of the hectare plots ensures that all disciplines monitor as many hectare plots jointly as possible. The BIOTA Observatory design assures repeated, multidisciplinary standardized inventories of biodiversity and its environmental drivers, including options for spatial up- and downscaling and different sampling intensities. BIOTA Observatories have been installed along climatic and landscape gradients in Morocco, West Africa, and southern Africa. In regions with varying land use, several BIOTA Observatories are situated close to each other to analyze management effects. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Diversity; Global change; Permanent plot; Sampling scheme; Transect; Vegetation	Diversity; Global change; Permanent plot; Sampling scheme; Transect; Buildings; Forestry; Observatories; Vegetation; Biodiversity; biodiversity; environmental management; environmental monitoring; global change; implementation process; landscape planning; observational method; sampling; spatiotemporal analysis; vegetation; Africa; article; biodiversity; climate; controlled study; ecosystem; environmental management; environmental monitoring; land use; Morocco; organism social group; research; sampling; South Africa; standard; Africa; Animals; Biodiversity; Biota; Conservation of Natural Resources; Environmental Monitoring; Plants; Morocco; Southern Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903847292	The impact of livestock grazing on plant diversity: An analysis across dryland ecosystems and scales in southern Africa	Hanke W., Böhner J., Dreber N., Jürgens N., Schmiedel U., Wesuls D., Dengler J.	2014	Ecological Applications	24	5	10.1890/13-0377.1	Biodiversity, Evolution, and Ecology of Plants, Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Geography, University of Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; Unit for Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Disturbance Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; Synthesis Centre for Biodiversity Sciences, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany	Hanke, W., Biodiversity, Evolution, and Ecology of Plants, Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany; Böhner, J., Institute of Geography, University of Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; Dreber, N., Biodiversity, Evolution, and Ecology of Plants, Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Jürgens, N., Biodiversity, Evolution, and Ecology of Plants, Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany; Schmiedel, U., Biodiversity, Evolution, and Ecology of Plants, Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany; Wesuls, D., Biodiversity, Evolution, and Ecology of Plants, Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany; Dengler, J., Biodiversity, Evolution, and Ecology of Plants, Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany, Disturbance Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany, Synthesis Centre for Biodiversity Sciences, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany	A general understanding of grazing effects on plant diversity in drylands is still missing, despite an extensive theoretical background. Cross-biome syntheses are hindered by the fact that the outcomes of disturbance studies are strongly affected by the choice of diversity measures, and the spatial and temporal scales of measurements. The aim of this study is to overcome these weaknesses by applying a wide range of diversity measures to a data set derived from identical sampling in three distinct ecosystems. We analyzed three fence-line contrasts (heavier vs. lighter grazing intensity), representing different degrees of aridity (from arid to semiarid) and precipitation regimes (summer rain vs. winter rain) in southern Africa. We tested the impact of grazing intensity on multiple aspects of plant diversity (species and functional group level, richness and evenness components, alpha and beta diversity, and composition) at two spatial scales, and for both 5-yr means and interannual variability. Heavier grazing reduced total plant cover and substantially altered the species and functional composition at all sites. However, a significant decrease in species alpha diversity was detected at only one of the three sites. By contrast, alpha diversity of plant functional groups responded consistently across ecosystems and scales, with a significant decrease at heavier grazing intensity. The cover-based measures of functional group diversity responded more sensitively and more consistently than functional group richness. Beta diversity of species and functional types increased under heavier grazing, showing that at larger scales, the heterogeneity of the community composition and the functional structure were increased. Heavier grazing mostly increased interannual variability of alpha diversity, while effects on beta diversity and cover were inconsistent. Our results suggest that species diversity alone may not adequately reflect the shifts in vegetation structure that occur in response to increased grazing intensity in the dryland biomes of southern Africa. Compositional and structural changes of the vegetation are better reflected by trait-based diversity measures. In particular, measures of plant functional diversity that include evenness represent a promising tool to detect and quantify disturbance effects on ecosystems. © 2014 by the Ecological Society of America.	Alpha diversity; Beta diversity; Biodiversity; Disturbance; Evenness; Fence-line contrast; Functional diversity; Nama Karoo; Rangeland degradation; Richness; Stability; Succulent Karoo	biome; community composition; data set; disturbance; dryland farming; functional group; grazing management; livestock; plant community; spatiotemporal analysis; species diversity; Karoo; Nama Karoo; South Africa; Southern Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84906545171	The evaluation of pioneering bioethanol projects in nigeria following the announcement and implementation of the nigerian biofuel policy and incentives	Ohimain E.I.	2015	Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning and Policy	10	1	10.1080/15567249.2010.512904	Bioenergy and Environmental Biotechnology Unit, Biological Science Department, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Amassoma, 560001 Bayelsa State, Nigeria	Ohimain, E.I., Bioenergy and Environmental Biotechnology Unit, Biological Science Department, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Amassoma, 560001 Bayelsa State, Nigeria	Nigeria has joined the bioenergy production bandwagon in an attempt to reduce fossil fuel consumption, decentralize its energy sources and increase the renewable and cleaner energy share of the nations energy consumption. Following the release and implementation of the Nigerian Biofuel Policy and Incentives, 20 new bioethanol projects have commenced with an additional 13 projects in the offing. These projects qualify to be accorded pioneer status and its attendant benefits because they are directly involved in the production of fuel ethanol from locally sourced biomass feedstocks. We examined the projects based on the nominal ethanol yield from the various feedstocks and found that some of the projects were misevaluated in terms of feedstock requirement to produce the desired ethanol output. In such instances, we provided a more realistic estimate, which the project proponents could adapt in order to meet the designed ethanol production output. This study provided the very first attempt to evaluate pioneering bioethanol projects in Nigeria. Such information is typically not available in public domains in Nigeria. The study also highlighted the importance of policy for the promotion of biofuel, and actualization of environmental and sustainable development goals. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	bioethanol; biofuel policy; biorefineries; incentives; pioneer	Biomass; Energy utilization; Ethanol; Feedstocks; Bioenergy productions; Biofuel policies; Biomass feedstock; Biorefineries; Cleaner energies; Ethanol production; incentives; pioneer; Bioethanol	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864068695	Leaf herbivore preference in a tropical mangrove forest impacted by human physical disturbance	Kihia C.M., Mathooko J.M., Ruwa R.K., Shivoga W.A.	2012	International Journal of Ecology and Development	22	2	None	Biological Science Dept, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton, Kenya; Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 81651, Mombasa, Kenya; Environmental Science Dept, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton, Kenya	Kihia, C.M., Biological Science Dept, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton, Kenya; Mathooko, J.M., Biological Science Dept, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton, Kenya; Ruwa, R.K., Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 81651, Mombasa, Kenya; Shivoga, W.A., Environmental Science Dept, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton, Kenya	The consumption of mangrove leaves prior to litterfall has received scant attention by most researchers in the Western Indian Ocean region. The impact of human disturbance on herbivory is also poorly understood. This study compared rates of leaf attack among mangrove species at four sites with differing levels of human disturbance. Leaf specimens used for determination of herbivory were obtained from littertraps at the sites. The number of leaves with evidence of herbivore attack and area of leaf consumed were determined and compared. Disturbed sites had greater evidence of human activity such as tree cutting, roads and collection of bait. 34% of leaves examined were attacked by herbivores, with Rhizophora mucronata being most attacked (38%). However, Avicennia marina leaves which had lower attack, lost most leaf area to herbivores (12% of leaf area). Disturbed sites had lower rates of leaf attack but higher leaf area losses, especially at the disturbed sites. Rhizophora mucronata attack intensity decreased by over 50% at disturbed sites. Human physical disturbance is selective for mangrove flora and fauna and may change predominance of host tree preferred by the herbivores leading to lower rates of herbivory. © 2012 IJED (CESER Publications).	Attack intensity; Leaf area loss; Species; Tree cutting	Avicennia; Avicennia marina; Rhizophora mucronata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855824913	Impact of reproductive activities on the tissues of zonocerus variegatus grasshopper adults (Orthoptera: Pygomorphidae)	Olutoyin Ademolu K., Adewunmi Idowu B., Oke O.A.	2011	Florida Entomologist	94	4	10.1653/024.094.0437	Biological Sciences Department, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Olutoyin Ademolu, K., Biological Sciences Department, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Adewunmi Idowu, B., Biological Sciences Department, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Oke, O.A., Biological Sciences Department, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	The adult phase of insects' life is primarily for reproduction of young ones that makes continuity of life possible. The influence of reproductive activities like mating and oviposition were investigated in adult males and females variegated grasshopper, Zonocerus variegatus. The adult stage was divided into four phases according to activities performed following days of emergence, namely: early somatic phase, late somatic phase, copulation and oviposition. During each phase, the insects were dissected and the somatic tissues (haemolymph, fat body and femoral muscles) were removed analyzed for both organic and inorganic substances. The mean concentration of organic substances (protein, glucose and lipids) and inorganic substances (Na +, K +,ca 2+, and Cl -) in both sexes' tissues increased significantly (p &lt; 0.05) from early somatic to late somatic phase. However, there was a significant decrease in concentration of the metabolites in the three tissues during copulation in both sexes which further decreased during oviposition in female adult. In contrast to the female, there was increase in the concentration of the metabolites after copulation in the male adult. Copulation and oviposition are activities that exhaust tissues nutrients in adult Zonocerus variegatus.	Copulation; nutrients; oviposition; tissues; Zonocerus variegatus	adult; body size; copulation; glucose; grasshopper; lipid; metabolite; muscle; nutrient limitation; oviposition; protein; reproductive biology; Hexapoda; Orthoptera; Zonocerus variegatus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-28044456323	Performance of a solar dryer with limited sun tracking capability	Mwithiga G., Kigo S.N.	2006	Journal of Food Engineering	74	2	10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.03.018	Biomechanical and Environmental Engineering Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya	Mwithiga, G., Biomechanical and Environmental Engineering Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya; Kigo, S.N., Biomechanical and Environmental Engineering Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya	A small solar dryer with limited sun tracking capabilities was designed and tested. The dryer had a mild steel absorber plate and a polyvinyl chloride (pvc) transparent cover and could be adjusted to track the sun in increments of 15°. The performance was tested by adjusting the angle the dryer made with the horizontal either once, three, five or nine times a day when either loaded with coffee beans or under no load conditions. The temperature distribution in the plenum and also the drying rate of parchment coffee were determined. The temperature inside the plenum chamber could reach a maximum of 70.4 °C and the dryer could lower the moisture content of coffee beans from 54.8% to below 13% (w.b.) in 2 days as opposed to the 5-7 days required in sun drying. Tracking the sun though allowing a faster rate of drying did not offer a significant advantage in terms of length of drying duration. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Coffee; Drying; Solar dryer; Temperature distribution; Tracking	Drying; Food products; Moisture; Plates (structural components); Polyvinyl chlorides; Steel; Sun; Temperature distribution; Coffee; Steel absorber plates; Sun drying; Tracking; Solar dryers; Phaseolus (angiosperm)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949555720	Relationships between physical and biomechanical parameters and golf drive performance: A field-based study	Green A., Dafkin C., Kerr S., McKinon W.	2015	South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation	37	3	None	Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa	Green, A., Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa; Dafkin, C., Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa; Kerr, S., Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa; McKinon, W., Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa	A proficient golf swing is composed of a sequence of highly complex biomechanical movements and requires precisely timed and coordinated body movements to achieve great distance and accuracy. The aim of the current study was to identify the key physiological and biomechanical variables that relate to golf drive performance. Eighteen golfers (handicap 11±6 strokes, playing experience 18±15 years), volunteered to take part in the study. Drive distance and accuracy were measured directly. Balance was assessed using a modified stork test and hand-eye coordination was assessed using a 3D maze. Average balance duration of both legs (r= 0.563; p=0.015), left leg (r= 0.620; p=0.006) and right leg (r= 0.488; p=0.044) were all significantly correlated to drive distance. Hand-eye coordination was significantly negatively correlated to total drive distance (r=-0.600 p=0.008), but was not associated significantly with the centre of hit between the clubface and ball. Several parameters were found to have significant relationships to golf drive distance in a group of amateur golfers. Therefore, training regimes could include tasks that aim to improve hand-eye coordination and balance. © 2015, University of Stellenbosch. All rights reserved.	Balance; Biomechanics; Co-ordination; Golf; Performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84959542660	Drive performance for able-bodied and disabled golfers	Kenny I.C., Campbell M.J., Surmon S., Bressan L.	2015	International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching	10	4	None	Biomechanics Research Unit, University of Limerick, Ireland; Centre for Human Performance Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa	Kenny, I.C., Biomechanics Research Unit, University of Limerick, Ireland; Campbell, M.J., Biomechanics Research Unit, University of Limerick, Ireland; Surmon, S., Centre for Human Performance Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Bressan, L., Centre for Human Performance Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa	Golf is a popular leisure and competitive activity for individuals with disabilities. The current golf handicap system does not take into account the possible challenges of playing golf with any form of physical disability. The aim of this study was to examine golf driving performance measures, comparing golfers with various types of physical disabilities to able-bodied golfers. Through drive shot ball launch analysis, this study compared amputees (single leg, below and above knee), deaf, visually impaired, polio, Les Autres and arthrogryposis golfers to able-bodied golfers with similar golf handicaps. Twenty-seven able-bodied (handicap category 3, 12.4 ± 7.0) and 15 disabled (handicap category 3, 18.2 ± 9.2) hit 10 drives each. Able-bodied golfers presented longer but less accurate drives (208.1 m carry, 4.6 m lateral deviation), and concomitant higher club head and ball velocity than disabled golfers (157.6 m carry, 6.O m lateral deviation) [p<O.OO1]. The apparent difference in outcome performance cannot be fully accounted for by the small difference in golf handicap score, thus disabled golfers appear to be penalised/disadvantaged by the current golf handicap classification rules.	Amputee; Arthrogryposis; Deaf; Disabled golf; Golf shot performance analysis; Lés Autres; Post-polio syndrome	None	None
None	None	Development and field evaluation of a synthetic mosquito lure that is more attractive than humans	Okumu F.O., Killeen G.F., Ogoma S., Biswaro L., Smallegange R.C., Mbeyela E., Titus E., Munk C., Ngonyani H., Takken W., Mshinda H., Mukabana W.R., Moore S.J.	2010	PLoS ONE	5	1	10.1371/journal.pone.0008951	Biomedical and Environmental Sciences Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Disease Control and Vector Biology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; School of Biological Sciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom; Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands	Okumu, F.O., Biomedical and Environmental Sciences Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, Disease Control and Vector Biology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Killeen, G.F., Biomedical and Environmental Sciences Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania, School of Biological Sciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom, Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Ogoma, S., Biomedical and Environmental Sciences Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania, Disease Control and Vector Biology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Biswaro, L., Biomedical and Environmental Sciences Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania; Smallegange, R.C., Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands; Mbeyela, E., Biomedical and Environmental Sciences Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania; Titus, E., Biomedical and Environmental Sciences Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania; Munk, C., College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Ngonyani, H., Biomedical and Environmental Sciences Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania; Takken, W., Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands; Mshinda, H., Biomedical and Environmental Sciences Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania; Mukabana, W.R., School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Moore, S.J., Biomedical and Environmental Sciences Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania, Disease Control and Vector Biology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, School of Biological Sciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom	Background: Disease transmitting mosquitoes locate humans and other blood hosts by identifying their characteristic odor profiles. Using their olfactory organs, the mosquitoes detect compounds present in human breath, sweat and skins, and use these as cues to locate and obtain blood from the humans. These odor compounds can be synthesized in vitro, then formulated to mimic humans. While some synthetic mosquito lures already exist, evidence supporting their utility is limited to laboratory settings, where long-range stimuli cannot be investigated. Methodology and Principal Findings: Here we report the development and field evaluation of an odor blend consisting of known mosquito attractants namely carbon dioxide, ammonia and carboxylic acids, which was optimized at distances comparable with attractive ranges of humans to mosquitoes. Binary choice assays were conducted inside a large-cage semi-field enclosure using attractant-baited traps placed 20 m apart. This enabled high-throughput optimization of concentrations at which the individual candidate attractants needed to be added so as to obtain a blend maximally attractive to laboratory-reared An. gambiae. To determine whether wild mosquitoes would also be attracted to this synthetic odor blend and to compare it with whole humans under epidemiologically relevant conditions, field experiments were conducted inside experimental huts, where the blend was compared with 10 different adult male volunteers (20-34 years old). The blend attracted 3 to 5 times more mosquitoes than humans when the two baits were in different experimental huts (10-100 metres apart), but was equally or less attractive than humans when compared side by side within same huts. Conclusion and Significance: This highly attractive substitute for human baits might enable development of technologies for trapping mosquitoes in numbers sufficient to prevent rather than merely monitor transmission of mosquito-borne diseases. © 2010 Okumu et al.	None	ammonia; carbon dioxide; carboxylic acid; adult; article; controlled study; field experiment; human; male; mosquito; nonhuman; odor; Animals; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Host-Parasite Interactions; Humans; Mosquito Control	None
None	None	Simplified models of vector control impact upon malaria transmission by zoophagic mosquitoes	Kiware S.S., Chitnis N., Moore S.J., Devine G.J., Majambere S., Merrill S., Killeen G.F.	2012	PLoS ONE	7	5	10.1371/journal.pone.0037661	Biomedical and Environmental Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania; Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom	Kiware, S.S., Biomedical and Environmental Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Chitnis, N., Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Moore, S.J., Biomedical and Environmental Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Devine, G.J., Biomedical and Environmental Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania, Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Majambere, S., Biomedical and Environmental Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania, Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Merrill, S., Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Killeen, G.F., Biomedical and Environmental Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania, Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom	Background: High coverage of personal protection measures that kill mosquitoes dramatically reduce malaria transmission where vector populations depend upon human blood. However, most primary malaria vectors outside of sub-Saharan Africa can be classified as "very zoophagic," meaning they feed occasionally (&10% of blood meals) upon humans, so personal protection interventions have negligible impact upon their survival. Methods and Findings: We extended a published malaria transmission model to examine the relationship between transmission, control, and the baseline proportion of bloodmeals obtained from humans (human blood index). The lower limit of the human blood index enables derivation of simplified models for zoophagic vectors that (1) Rely on only three field-measurable parameters. (2) Predict immediate and delayed (with and without assuming reduced human infectivity, respectively) impacts of personal protection measures upon transmission. (3) Illustrate how appreciable indirect communal-level protection for non-users can be accrued through direct personal protection of users. (4) Suggest the coverage and efficacy thresholds required to attain epidemiological impact. The findings suggest that immediate, indirect, community-wide protection of users and non-users alike may linearly relate to the efficacy of a user's direct personal protection, regardless of whether that is achieved by killing or repelling mosquitoes. High protective coverage and efficacy (≥80%) are important to achieve epidemiologically meaningful impact. Non-users are indirectly protected because the two most common species of human malaria are strict anthroponoses. Therefore, the small proportion of mosquitoes that are killed or diverted while attacking humans can represent a large proportion of those actually transmitting malaria. Conclusions: Simplified models of malaria transmission by very zoophagic vectors may be used by control practitioners to predict intervention impact interventions using three field-measurable parameters; the proportion of human exposure to mosquitoes occurring when an intervention can be practically used, its protective efficacy when used, and the proportion of people using it. © 2012 Kiware et al.	None	article; blood; malaria; malaria control; mosquito; probability; process model; statistical parameters; vector control; animal; disease carrier; disease transmission; human; malaria; methodology; theoretical model; Animals; Culicidae; Humans; Insect Vectors; Malaria; Models, Theoretical; Mosquito Control	None
None	None	Impact of promoting longer-lasting insecticide treatment of bed nets upon malaria transmission in a rural Tanzanian setting with pre-existing high coverage of untreated nets	Russell T.L., Lwetoijera D.W., Maliti D., Chipwaza B., Kihonda J., Charlwood J.D., Smith T.A., Lengeler C., Mwanyangala M.A., Nathan R., Knols B.G., Takken W., Killeen G.F.	2010	Malaria Journal	9	1	10.1186/1475-2875-9-187	Biomedical and Environmental Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania; Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom; Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, United Kingdom; Department of Zoology and Marine Biology, University of Dar Es Salaam, P.O. Box 35064, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; DBL Centre for Health Research and Development, 57 Thorvaldensvej, Fredriksberg -C, DK 1870, Denmark; Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Socinstrasse 57, Basel, CH 4002, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine and AIDS Academic Medical Center, F4-217, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 8031, 6700 EH, Wageningen, Netherlands	Russell, T.L., Biomedical and Environmental Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom, Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, United Kingdom; Lwetoijera, D.W., Biomedical and Environmental Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania, Department of Zoology and Marine Biology, University of Dar Es Salaam, P.O. Box 35064, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Maliti, D., Biomedical and Environmental Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania, Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, United Kingdom; Chipwaza, B., Biomedical and Environmental Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania; Kihonda, J., Biomedical and Environmental Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania; Charlwood, J.D., DBL Centre for Health Research and Development, 57 Thorvaldensvej, Fredriksberg -C, DK 1870, Denmark; Smith, T.A., Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Socinstrasse 57, Basel, CH 4002, Switzerland; Lengeler, C., Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Socinstrasse 57, Basel, CH 4002, Switzerland; Mwanyangala, M.A., Biomedical and Environmental Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania; Nathan, R., Biomedical and Environmental Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania; Knols, B.G., Division of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine and AIDS Academic Medical Center, F4-217, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Takken, W., Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 8031, 6700 EH, Wageningen, Netherlands; Killeen, G.F., Biomedical and Environmental Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom, Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, United Kingdom, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Socinstrasse 57, Basel, CH 4002, Switzerland	Background. The communities of Namawala and Idete villages in southern Tanzania experienced extremely high malaria transmission in the 1990s. By 2001-03, following high usage rates (75% of all age groups) of untreated bed nets, a 4.2-fold reduction in malaria transmission intensity was achieved. Since 2006, a national-scale programme has promoted the use of longer-lasting insecticide treatment kits (consisting of an insecticide plus binder) co-packaged with all bed nets manufactured in the country. Methods. The entomological inoculation rate (EIR) was estimated through monthly surveys in 72 houses randomly selected in each of the two villages. Mosquitoes were caught using CDC light traps placed beside occupied bed nets between January and December 2008 (n = 1,648 trap nights). Sub-samples of mosquitoes were taken from each trap to determine parity status, sporozoite infection and Anopheles gambiae complex sibling species identity. Results. Compared with a historical mean EIR of ∼1400 infectious bites/person/year (ib/p/y) in 1990-94; the 2008 estimate of 81 ib/p/y represents an 18-fold reduction for an unprotected person without a net. The combined impact of longer-lasting insecticide treatments as well as high bed net coverage was associated with a 4.6-fold reduction in EIR, on top of the impact from the use of untreated nets alone. The scale-up of bed nets and subsequent insecticidal treatment has reduced the density of the anthropophagic, endophagic primary vector species, Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto, by 79%. In contrast, the reduction in density of the zoophagic, exophagic sibling species Anopheles arabiensis was only 38%. Conclusion. Insecticide treatment of nets reduced the intensity of malaria transmission in addition to that achieved by the untreated nets alone. Impacts were most pronounced against the highly anthropophagic, endophagic primary vector, leading to a shift in the sibling species composition of the A. gambiae complex. © 2010 Russell et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	insecticide; Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles gambiae; article; bed net; controlled study; Culex; female; household; human; inoculation; insect bite; malaria; mosquito; nonhuman; parity; scale up; sibling; species composition; species identification; sporozoite; Tanzania; animal; Anopheles; classification; demography; disease transmission; feeding behavior; malaria; methodology; mosquito; parasitology; retrospective study; rural population; time; zoology; Animals; Anopheles; Entomology; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Insect Bites and Stings; Insecticide-Treated Bednets; Insecticides; Malaria; Mosquito Control; Residence Characteristics; Retrospective Studies; Rural Population; Tanzania; Time Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960262934	The impact of backboard size and orientation on sternum-to-spine compression depth and compression stiffness in a manikin study of CPR using two mattress types	Cloete G., Dellimore K.H., Scheffer C., Smuts M.S., Wallis L.A.	2011	Resuscitation	82	8	10.1016/j.resuscitation.2011.04.003	Biomedical Engineering Research Group, Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Emergency Medicine General Manager, Medi-Clinic Ltd, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; Division of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa	Cloete, G., Biomedical Engineering Research Group, Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Dellimore, K.H., Biomedical Engineering Research Group, Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Scheffer, C., Biomedical Engineering Research Group, Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Smuts, M.S., Emergency Medicine General Manager, Medi-Clinic Ltd, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; Wallis, L.A., Division of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa	Objectives: To explore how backboard orientation and size impact chest compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Methods: Experiments were conducted on a full-body CPR training manikin using a custom-built simulator. Two backboards of different sizes were tested in longitudinal (head to toe) and latitudinal (side to side) directions to assess the impact of size and orientation on chest compressions during CPR. The net sternum-to-spine displacement, combined mattress and sternal displacement as well as the axial reaction force were measured during each test. Results: The difference in net compression depth between the larger and smaller backboards ranged between 0.08 ± 0.30 cm and 1.47 ± 0.13 cm, while the difference in back support stiffness varied between 103.7 ± 211 N/cm and 688.1 ± 180.3. N/cm. The difference in net compression depth between the longitudinal and latitudinal backboard orientations ranged from 0.07 ± 0.32 cm to 0.34 ± 0.18 cm, while for the back support stiffness the difference was between 13.4 ± 50.0. N/cm and 592.2 ± 211.0. N/cm. Conclusions: The effect of backboard size on chest compression (CC) performance during CPR was found to be significant with the larger backboard producing deeper chest compressions and higher back support stiffness than the smaller backboard. The impact of backboard orientation was found to depend on the size of the backboard and type of mattress used. Clinicians should be aware that although a smaller backboard may be easier for rescuers to manipulate, it does not provide as effective back support or produce as deep chest compressions as a larger backboard. © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Back support; Backboard; Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; Chest compression rate; Compression stiffness; CPR; Mechanics	aluminum; polyvinyl carbonate; polyvinyl derivative; unclassified drug; apparatus; article; audiovisual equipment; back; backboard; compression; emergency treatment; hospital bed; mattress; mechanics; priority journal; resuscitation; rigidity; spine; sternum; thorax; Beds; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Compressive Strength; Equipment Design; Heart Massage; Humans; Manikins; Patient Positioning	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920903920	Computational analysis of the radial mechanical performance of PLLA coronary artery stents	Pauck R.G., Reddy B.D.	2015	Medical Engineering and Physics	37	1	10.1016/j.medengphy.2014.09.014	Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town (UCT), South Africa; Centre for Research in Computational and Applied Mechanics (CERECAM), UCT, South Africa	Pauck, R.G., Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town (UCT), South Africa, Centre for Research in Computational and Applied Mechanics (CERECAM), UCT, South Africa; Reddy, B.D., Centre for Research in Computational and Applied Mechanics (CERECAM), UCT, South Africa	Stents have been an effective tool to restore and maintain the patency of narrowed blood vessels, but they must have sufficient radial strength. Biodegradable stent materials have substantially lower mechanical properties than permanent stents. The stent geometry and material properties must be considered simultaneously when assessing stent performance. Material tests were performed to determine the mechanical characteristics of high-molecular-weight poly- l-lactic acid (PLLA). The results were used to calibrate an anisotropic elastic-plastic material model. Three distinct geometries were analysed with a range of material stiffness values in a finite element analysis to investigate their comparative effect on the radial strength, recoil, and radial stiffness. The performance of the different geometries varies substantially, with one particular geometry, with the highest material stiffness of 9. GPa, exceeding the desired radial strength of 300. mmHg. © 2014 IPEM.	Finite element analysis; Poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA); Radial strength; Stent	Biomaterials; Blood vessels; Elastoplasticity; Geometry; Lactic acid; Mechanical properties; Organic polymers; Polymer blends; Stents; Stiffness; Strength of materials; Biodegradable stents; Computational analysis; High molecular weight; Mechanical characteristics; Mechanical performance; Poly L lactic acid; Radial strength; Stent; Finite element method; polylactic acid; lactic acid; polylactic acid; polymer; anisotropy; Article; biodegradability; biomechanics; calibration; coronary stenting; elasticity; finite element analysis; geometry; mathematical analysis; mechanical torsion; molecular weight; performance; physical parameters; proton radiation; radial stiffness; radial strength; simulation; stress strain relationship; tensile strength; biodegradable implant; blood vessel prosthesis; computer simulation; coronary blood vessel; device failure analysis; prosthesis; stent; theoretical model; Young modulus; Absorbable Implants; Anisotropy; Blood Vessel Prosthesis; Calibration; Computer Simulation; Coronary Vessels; Elastic Modulus; Equipment Failure Analysis; Finite Element Analysis; Lactic Acid; Models, Theoretical; Polymers; Prosthesis Design; Stents; Tensile Strength	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349462989	Handheld computers for survey and trial data collection in resource-poor settings: Development and evaluation of PDACT, a Palm™ Pilot interviewing system	Seebregts C.J., Zwarenstein M., Mathews C., Fairall L., Flisher A.J., Seebregts C., Mukoma W., Klepp K.-I.	2009	International Journal of Medical Informatics	78	11	10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2008.10.006	Biomedical Informatics Research, e-Health Research and Innovation Platform, Medical Research Council, South Africa; Health Services Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Knowledge Translation Unit, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Dept of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Health Systems Research Unit, Medical Research Council, South Africa; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Adolescent Health Research Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Centre for Prevention of Global Infections, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Norway	Seebregts, C.J., Biomedical Informatics Research, e-Health Research and Innovation Platform, Medical Research Council, South Africa; Zwarenstein, M., Health Services Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ont., Canada, Knowledge Translation Unit, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa, Dept of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Mathews, C., Health Systems Research Unit, Medical Research Council, South Africa, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Fairall, L., Knowledge Translation Unit, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Flisher, A.J., Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Adolescent Health Research Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Seebregts, C., Health Systems Research Unit, Medical Research Council, South Africa; Mukoma, W., Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Adolescent Health Research Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Klepp, K.-I., Centre for Prevention of Global Infections, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Norway	Objective: Handheld computers (personal digital assistant, PDA) have the potential to reduce the logistic burden, cost, and error rate of paper-based health research data collection, but there is a lack of appropriate software. The present work describes the development and evaluation of PDACT, a Personal Data Collection Toolset (www.healthware.org/pdact/index.htm) for the Palm™ Pilot handheld computer for interviewer-administered and respondent-administered data collection. Methods: We developed Personal Data Collection Toolkit (PDACT) software to enable questionnaires developed in QDS™ Design Studio, a Windows™ application, to be compiled and completed on Palm™ Pilot devices and evaluated in several representative field survey settings. Results: The software has been used in seven separate studies and in over 90,000 interviews. Five interviewer-administered studies were completed in rural settings with poor communications infrastructure, following one day of interviewer training. Two respondent-administered questionnaire studies were completed by learners, in urban secondary schools, after 15 min training. Questionnaires were available on each handheld in up to 11 languages, ranged from 20 to 580 questions, and took between 15 and 90 min to complete. Up to 200 Palm™ Pilot devices were in use on a single day and, in about 50 device-years of use, very few technical problems were found. Compared with paper-based collection, data validation and cleaning times were reduced, and fewer errors were found. PDA data collection is easy to use and preferred by interviewers and respondents (both respondent-administered and interviewer-administered) over paper. Data are compiled and available within hours of collection facilitating data quality assurance. Although hardware increases the setup cost of the first study, the cumulative cost falls thereafter, and converges on the cumulative cost of paper-based studies (four, in the case of our interviewer-administered studies). Conclusion: Handheld data collection is an appropriate, affordable and convenient technology for health data collection, in diverse settings. © 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Computer-assisted personal interview; Health survey questionnaire; Mobile data collection system; PDA structured medical record form	Communications infrastructure; Computer-assisted personal interview; Cumulative cost; Data collection; Data quality; Data validation; Design studios; Error rate; Field surveys; Handhelds; Health data; Health research; Health survey questionnaire; Mobile data collection system; PDA structured medical record form; Personal data; Secondary schools; Setup costs; Technical problem; Toolsets; Computer software selection and evaluation; Costs; Health; Knowledge based systems; Markup languages; Paper; Personal computers; Personal digital assistants; Quality assurance; Surveys; Thermal conductivity; Total quality management; Data acquisition; article; computer program; cost benefit analysis; health survey; information processing; interview; medical research; microcomputer; personal digital assistant; priority journal; questionnaire; reliability; Clinical Trials as Topic; Computers, Handheld; Databases, Factual; Electronic Health Records; Information Storage and Retrieval; Interviews as Topic; Medical History Taking; Software; Software Design; User-Computer Interface	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959894289	The evaluation of novel natural products as inhibitors of human glutathione transferase P1-1	Mukanganyama S., Bezabih M., Robert M., Ngadjui B.T., Kapche G.F.W., Ngandeu F., Abegaz B.	2011	Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry	26	4	10.3109/14756366.2010.526769	Biomolecular Interactions Analyses Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Chemistry, University of Botswana, P. Bag 00704, Gaborone, Botswana; Department of Chemistry, University of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon; Department of Chemistry, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon	Mukanganyama, S., Biomolecular Interactions Analyses Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Bezabih, M., Department of Chemistry, University of Botswana, P. Bag 00704, Gaborone, Botswana; Robert, M., Department of Chemistry, University of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon; Ngadjui, B.T., Department of Chemistry, University of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon; Kapche, G.F.W., Department of Chemistry, University of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon; Ngandeu, F., Department of Chemistry, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon; Abegaz, B., Department of Chemistry, University of Botswana, P. Bag 00704, Gaborone, Botswana	Glutathione transferase P1-1 is over expressed in some cancer cells and contributes to detoxification of anticancer drugs, leading to drug-resistant tumors. The inhibition of human recombinant GSTP1-1 by natural plant products was investigated using 10 compounds isolated from plants indigenous to Southern and Central Africa. Monochlorobimane and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene were used to determine GST activity. Each test compound was screened at 33 and 100 μM. Isofuranonapthoquinone (1) (from Bulbine frutescens) showed 68% inhibition at 33 μM, and sesquiterpene lactone (2) (from Dicoma anomala) showed 75% inhibition at 33 μM. The IC 50 value of 1 was 6.8 μM. The mode of inhibition was mixed, partial (G site) and noncompetitive (H site) with Ki values of 8.8 and 0.21 μM, respectively. Sesquiterpene 2 did not inhibit the CDNB reaction. Therefore, isofuranonapthoquinone 1 needs further investigations in vivo because of its potent inhibition of GSTP1-1 in vitro. © 2011 Informa UK, Ltd.	Cancer; Glutathione transferases; GST P1-1; Multidrug resistance; Natural products	enzyme inhibitor; glutathione transferase P1; glutathione transferase p1 1; isofuranonaphthoquinone; natural product; plant extract; sesquiterpene lactone; unclassified drug; article; drug effect; drug potency; drug screening; enzyme activity; enzyme inhibition; human; IC 50; priority journal; Biological Agents; Cell Proliferation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutathione S-Transferase pi; Humans; Isoenzymes; Kinetics; Molecular Conformation; Plant Extracts; Recombinant Proteins; Stereoisomerism; Structure-Activity Relationship; Bulbine frutescens; Dicoma anomala	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953803547	The feasibility of MS and advanced data processing for monitoring Schistosoma mansoni infection	Balog C.I.A., Alexandrov T., Derks R.J., Hensbergen P.J., van Dam G.J., Tukahebwa E.M., Kabatereine N.B., Thiele H., Vennervald B.J., Mayboroda O.A., Deelder A.M.	2010	Proteomics - Clinical Applications	4	5	10.1002/prca.200900158	Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, Netherlands; University of Bremen, Center for Industrial Mathematics, Bremen, Germany; Vector Control Division, Ugandan Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda; Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Germany; DBL Centre for Health Research and Development, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark	Balog, C.I.A., Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, Netherlands; Alexandrov, T., University of Bremen, Center for Industrial Mathematics, Bremen, Germany; Derks, R.J., Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, Netherlands; Hensbergen, P.J., Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, Netherlands; van Dam, G.J., Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, Netherlands; Tukahebwa, E.M., Vector Control Division, Ugandan Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda; Kabatereine, N.B., Vector Control Division, Ugandan Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda; Thiele, H., Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Germany; Vennervald, B.J., DBL Centre for Health Research and Development, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Mayboroda, O.A., Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, Netherlands; Deelder, A.M., Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, Netherlands	Purpose: Sensitive diagnosis, monitoring of disease progression and the evaluation of chemotherapeutic interventions are of prime importance for the improvement of control and prevention strategies for Schistosomiasis. The aim of the present study was to identify novel markers of Schistosoma mansoni infection and disease using urine samples from a large cohort from an area endemic for S. mansoni. Experimental design: Urine samples were collected and processed on an automated sample clean-up and fractionation system combining strong cation exchange and reversed phase, and analyzed by MS (MALDI ToF MS). The ClinPro Tools™ (CPT) software and the Discrete Wavelet Transformation-Support Vector Machine (DWT-SVM) procedure were used for classification and statistical analysis. Results: We observed a large difference in urinary peptide profiles between children and adults but classification based on infection was possible only for children. Here, in the external validation data set, 93% of the infected children were classified correctly with DWTSVM (versus 76% for CPT). In addition 91% of low-infected children were classified correctly using DWT-SVM (versus 85% for CPT). The discriminating peptides were identified as fragments of collagen 1A1 and 1A3, and uromodulin. Conclusions and clinical relevance: In conclusion, we provide the usefulness of a peptidomics profiling approach combined with DWT-SVM in the monitoring of S. mansoni infection.	Discrete Wavelet Transformation-Support Vector machine; Infection markers; MS; Schistosoma mansoni; Urinary peptidomics	collagen; collagen 1A1; collagen 1A3; Tamm Horsfall glycoprotein; unclassified drug; adolescent; article; child; cohort analysis; endemic disease; female; human; major clinical study; male; matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry; peptidomics; priority journal; protein urine level; Schistosoma mansoni; schistosomiasis mansoni; school child; support vector machine; Adolescent; Adult; Antigens, Helminth; Biological Markers; Child; Feasibility Studies; Feces; Glycoproteins; Helminth Proteins; Humans; Peptides; Proteomics; Schistosomiasis mansoni; Software; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Schistosoma mansoni	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928105303	Performance of regional flood frequency analysis methods in kwazulu-natal, south africa	Smithers J.C., Streatfield J., Gray R.P., Oakes E.G.M.	2015	Water SA	41	3	10.4314/wsa.v41i3.11	Bioresources Engineering, School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, South Africa; Jeffares and Green (Pty) Ltd, 6 Pin Oak Avenue, Hilton, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Smithers, J.C., Bioresources Engineering, School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, South Africa, Jeffares and Green (Pty) Ltd, 6 Pin Oak Avenue, Hilton, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Streatfield, J., Jeffares and Green (Pty) Ltd, 6 Pin Oak Avenue, Hilton, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Gray, R.P., Jeffares and Green (Pty) Ltd, 6 Pin Oak Avenue, Hilton, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Oakes, E.G.M., Jeffares and Green (Pty) Ltd, 6 Pin Oak Avenue, Hilton, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Estimates of design floods are required for the design of hydraulic structures and to quantify the risk of failure of the structures. Many international studies have shown that design floods estimated using a regionalised method result in more reliable estimates of design floods than values computed from a single site or from other methods. A number of regional flood frequency analysis (RFFA) methods have been developed, which cover all or parts of South Africa. These include methods developed by Van Bladeren (1993), Mkhandi et al. (2000), Görgens (2007) and Haile (2011). The performance of these methods has been assessed at selected flow-gauging sites in the province of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa. It is recommended that the limitations of available flow records to estimate extreme flow events need to be urgently addressed. From the results for KZN the JPV method, with a regionalised GEV distribution with the veld zone regionalisation, generally gave the best performance when compared to design floods estimated from the annual maximum series extracted from the observed data. It is recommended that the performance of the various RFFA methods needs to be assessed at a national scale and that a more detailed regionalisation be used in the development of an updated RFFA method for South Africa. © 2015, South African Water Research Commission. All rights reserved.	KwaZulu-Natal; Regional flood frequency analysis	Design; Flood control; Rain; Annual maximum series; GEV distributions; International studies; Kwazulu-Natal; Regional flood frequency analysis; Regionalisation; Reliable estimates; Risk of failure; Floods; design flood; extreme event; failure analysis; flood frequency; flow pattern; frequency analysis; gauge; hydraulic structure; performance assessment; regional planning; risk assessment; KwaZulu-Natal; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893667565	Evaluation of the in vitro interaction of amoxicillin and cotrimoxazole antibiotics against resistant bacterial strains	Olajuyigbe O.O., Oyedeji O., Adedayo O.	2014	Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science	4	1	10.7324/JAPS.2014.40116	Biosciences and Biotechnology Department, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Nigeria; Phytomedicine Research Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa	Olajuyigbe, O.O., Biosciences and Biotechnology Department, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Nigeria, Phytomedicine Research Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa; Oyedeji, O., Biosciences and Biotechnology Department, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Nigeria; Adedayo, O., Biosciences and Biotechnology Department, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Nigeria	The in vitro combination effects of amoxicillin and cotrimoxazole on clinical isolates was investigated using the agar diffusion and macrobroth dilution methods. The results showed that these organisms had varied susceptibility to the different concentrations of each of these antibiotics and their combinations. The susceptibility of the isolates to the antibacterial combinations showed that they were susceptible in the following order: Streptococcus pyogenes (TD2) > Streptococcus pyogenes (TD10) > Streptococcus pneumoniae (TE10) > Salmonella typhi (TC6) > Salmonella typhi (TC2). The macrobroth assay showed a drastic reduction in the minimum inhibitory concentrations of both antibiotics. While the MIC of amoxicillin ranged between 0.1202 and 0.4808 μg/ml and that of cotrimoxazole ranged between 0.2405 and 0.9619 μg/ml, the MIC of the antibacterial combinations ranged between 0.00305 and 0.0150 μg/ml. A statistical analysis of the zones of inhibitions produced by the antibiotics and their combinations indicated that the mean differences between the zones of inhibitions were significantly diverse. This study showed that there was synergistic interaction between amoxicillin and cotrimoxazole in vitro and could be an alternative choice of therapy for the treatment of streptococcal and gastrointestinal infections in which these organisms have been implicated. © 2014 Olufunmiso Olusola Olajuyigbe et al.	Antibacterial combinations; Antibiotics; Bacteria; Drug-drug interaction; Synergy	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874092176	Statistical profiling of hospital performance using acute coronary syndrome mortality	Manda S.O.M., Gale C.P., Hall A.S., Gilthorpe M.S.	2012	Cardiovascular Journal of Africa	23	10	10.5830/CVJA-2011-064	Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom	Manda, S.O.M., Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa; Gale, C.P., Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Hall, A.S., Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Gilthorpe, M.S., Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom	Background: In order to improve the quality of care delivered to patients and to enable patient choice, public reports comparing hospital performances are routinely published. Robust systems of hospital 'report cards' on performance monitoring and evaluation are therefore crucial in medical decision-making processes. In particular, such systems should effectively account for and minimise systematic differences with regard to definitions and data quality, care and treatment quality, and 'case mix'. Methods: Four methods for assessing hospital performance on mortality outcome measures were considered. The methods included combinations of Bayesian fixed- and randomeffects models, and risk-adjusted mortality rate, and rankbased profiling techniques. The methods were empirically compared using 30-day mortality in patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome. Agreement was firstly assessed using median estimates between risk-adjusted mortality rates for a hospital and between ranks associated with a hospital's risk-adjusted mortality rates. Secondly, assessment of agreement was based on a classification of hospitals into low, normal or high performing using risk-adjusted mortality rates and ranks. Results: There was poor agreement between the point estimates of risk-adjusted mortality rates, but better agreement between ranks. However, for categorised performance, the observed agreement between the methods' classification of the hospital performance ranged from 90 to 98%. In only two of the six possible pair-wise comparisons was agreement reasonable, as reflected by a Kappa statistic; it was 0.71 between the methods of identifying outliers with the fixedeffect model and 0.77 with the hierarchical model. In the remaining four pair-wise comparisons, the agreement was, at best, moderate. Conclusions: Even though the inconsistencies among the studied methods raise questions about which hospitals performed better or worse than others, it seems that the choice of the definition of outlying performance is less critical than that of the statistical approach. Therefore there is a need to find robust systems of 'regulation' or 'performance monitoring' that are meaningful to health service practitioners and providers.	Bayesian methods; Health provider performance; League tables	acute coronary syndrome; age; article; bayesian fixed model; cardiovascular mortality; case mix; comparative study; electrocardiogram; health care personnel; heart rate; hospital admission; human; kappa statistics; outcomes research; performance; probability; random effect model; rank based profiling; receiver operating characteristic; risk adjusted mortality rate; risk assessment; risk factor; standardized mortality ratio; statistical model; systolic blood pressure; Acute Coronary Syndrome; Bayes Theorem; Delivery of Health Care; Diagnosis-Related Groups; Hospital Mortality; Hospitals; Humans; Models, Statistical; Outcome Assessment (Health Care); Quality Improvement; Quality Indicators, Health Care; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36148991468	Evaluation of diversity of Candida species isolated from fermented cassava during traditional small scale gari production in Nigeria	Oguntoyinbo F.A.	2008	Food Control	19	5	10.1016/j.foodcont.2007.05.010	Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria	Oguntoyinbo, F.A., Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria	The yeast population dynamics during cassava fermentation at different time regimes was determined and the Candida species isolated from the fermented mash were identified using combined phenotypic and genomic methods. The yeast population increases as the fermentation progresses with corresponding pH reduction mediated by lactic acid bacteria and yeast co-metabolism. The phenotypic characteristic of the Candida species isolated from fermented cassava during gari production in Nigeria was determined using the sugar fermentation profile of the API 20AUX that generated the phenotypic identity of Candida species as Candida guilliermondii, Candida krusei, Candida maris, Candida galabrata. Only strain 1RB identified phenotypically as C. guilliermondii fermented all the sugars except inositol and lactose. Although, the strain 2RB identified by the API 20AUX as C. maris fermented galactose, all other strains could only ferment glucose with the presence of pseudohypae. The result of the comparison of the 18S rDNA gene sequencing with the blast database identified the strains of C. guilliermondii 100% C. krusei 98%, Candida inconspicua 100%, Candida rugopelliculosa 98%. The results also demonstrated that different strains of Candida species participated in the traditional fermentation of cassava and differentiated C. krusei from C. inconspicua using the 18S rDNA gene sequencing. C. inconspicua has not been previously reported due to its phenotypic relatedness to C. krusei. C. inconspicua may not be a good candidate to be selected as starter culture due to its medical importance; it must be genetically differentiated from the diverse strains of C. krusei that participated in the fermentation. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Candida; Cassava; Characterization; Fermentation	Bacteria (microorganisms); Candida; Candida inconspicua; Candida maris; Candida rugopelliculosa; Gari; Issatchenkia orientalis; Manihot esculenta; Pichia guilliermondii	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67650004009	Getting that grant: How to convince an evaluation panel that your proposal is worthy of funding	Smith G.F., Figueiredo E., Pennington T., Davila P.	2009	Taxon	58	2	None	Biosystematics and Biodiversity Collections and Chief Financial Officer, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X101, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; H.G.W.J. Schweickerdt Herbarium, Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 SLR, United Kingdom; Facultad de Estudios Superiores, Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios no 1, Tlalnepantla Edo. de, Mexico 54090, Mexico	Smith, G.F., Biosystematics and Biodiversity Collections and Chief Financial Officer, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X101, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa, H.G.W.J. Schweickerdt Herbarium, Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Figueiredo, E., H.G.W.J. Schweickerdt Herbarium, Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Pennington, T., Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 SLR, United Kingdom; Davila, P., Facultad de Estudios Superiores, Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios no 1, Tlalnepantla Edo. de, Mexico 54090, Mexico	For some years the International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) has sponsored research grants in plant systematics to young scientists, predominantly from developing countries. At the meeting of Council, held on 12 January 2008 in Pretoria, South Africa, the first such meeting held in Africa, it was decided to review the programme and to provide applicants with advice on how to write a successful proposal. Guidelines for proposal writing are given here.	Grant; Guidelines; IAPT; Plant systematics; Proposal writing	conference proceeding; developing world; guideline; plant community; research work; taxonomy	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-81055157615	Investigating the performance of thermonebulisation fungicide fogging system for loaded fruit storage room using CFD model	Delele M.A., Vorstermans B., Creemers P., Tsige A.A., Tijskens E., Schenk A., Opara U.L., Nicolaï B.M., Verboven P.	2012	Journal of Food Engineering	109	1	10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.09.030	BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Proefcentrum Fruitteelt, Fruittuinweg 1, 3800 Sint-Truiden, Belgium; Flanders Centre of Postharvest Technology, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; South African Research Department in Postharvest Technology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	Delele, M.A., BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, South African Research Department in Postharvest Technology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Vorstermans, B., Proefcentrum Fruitteelt, Fruittuinweg 1, 3800 Sint-Truiden, Belgium; Creemers, P., Proefcentrum Fruitteelt, Fruittuinweg 1, 3800 Sint-Truiden, Belgium; Tsige, A.A., BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Tijskens, E., BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Schenk, A., Flanders Centre of Postharvest Technology, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Opara, U.L., South African Research Department in Postharvest Technology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Nicolaï, B.M., BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, Flanders Centre of Postharvest Technology, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Verboven, P., BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium	To study the operation of postharvest storage fungicide fogging systems, a CFD model was used. The modelling was based on an Eulerian-Lagrangian multiphase flow model. The effect of air circulation rate, circulation interval, bin design, stacking pattern and room design on deposition of fungicide was investigated. Air circulation rates of 0 m3 h-1 (no circulation), 2100 and 6800 m3 h-1 were used. Interval circulation of air was also investigated. The highest fungicide deposition was observed during fogging without circulation while the lowest deposition corresponded to fogging with the highest circulation rate. For the considered on/off combination times, the effect of circulation interval on overall average deposition and uniformity was not significantly different from the case of fogging with continuous air circulation. Bin with higher vent hole ratio and the presence of air deflector increased the amount and uniformity of deposition. Good agreement was found between measured and predicted results of deposition of fungicide particles. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Aerosol; Airflow; Apple; CFD; Cold storage; Pyrimethanil	Air circulation; Air deflectors; Airflow; Apple; Bin design; CFD models; Circulation rates; Fogging system; Fruit storage; Multi-phase flow models; Post-harvest storage; Pyrimethanil; Stacking patterns; Aerosols; Air; Bins; Cold storage; Computational fluid dynamics; Deposition; Fruits; Fungicides; Multiphase flow; Fog dispersal; Malus x domestica	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34848821622	Evaluation of a rapid screening test for rifampicin resistance in re-treatment tuberculosis patients in the Eastern Cape	Albert H., Trollip A.P., Seaman T., Abrahams C., Mole R.J., Jordaan A., Victor T., Hoosain E.	2007	South African Medical Journal	97	9	None	Biotec Laboratories Ltd., Somerset Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, W Cape, South Africa; Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Albert, H., Biotec Laboratories Ltd., Somerset Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), Cape Town, South Africa; Trollip, A.P., Biotec Laboratories Ltd., Somerset Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Seaman, T., Biotec Laboratories Ltd., Somerset Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Abrahams, C., Biotec Laboratories Ltd., Somerset Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Mole, R.J., Biotec Laboratories Ltd., Somerset Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Jordaan, A., Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, W Cape, South Africa; Victor, T., Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, W Cape, South Africa; Hoosain, E., Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality, Port Elizabeth, South Africa	Background and objectives. Patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) are at high risk of treatment failure. It is anticipated that early identification of MDR-TB and appropriate treatment will improve patient outcome and disease control. We evaluated the rapid detection of rifampicin resistance in previously treated TB patients, directly from acid-fast bacilli (AFB)-positive sputum using a phage-based test, FASTPlaque-Response (Biotec Laboratories Ltd, Ipswich, UK). The ability of rifampicin resistance to predict MDR-TB was also determined. Design. A prospective study was done comparing performance of the rapid phage test with conventional culture and drug susceptibility testing (DST) in AFB-positive TB patients. Setting. Five primary health clinics and one TB referral centre in the Port Elizabeth Metropolitan area, Eastern Cape. Outcome measures. Sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of the phage test were determined compared with gold standard culture and DST. Discrepant results were resolved by molecular detection of mutations conferring rifampicin resistance. The proportion of rifampicin-resistant strains that were MDR was also determined. Results. Previously treated patients were at a high risk of MDR-TB (35.7%). Sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of FASTPlaque-Response for rifampicin resistance determination were 95.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 91.0-99.8%), 97.2% (95% CI: 94.5-99.9%) and 96.5% (95% CI: 94.1-98.9%) respectively compared with conventional DST (unresolved), calculated for specimens that had both FASTPlaque-Response and conventional DST results available. FASTPlaque-Response results were available in 2 days instead of 28-85 days with conventional DST. However, only 70.6% of FASTPlaque-Response results were interpretable compared with 86.3% of conventional DST results. The majority (95.5%) of rifampicin-resistant strains were MDR-TB. Conclusions. Rapid detection of rifampicin resistance using FASTPlaque-Response could contribute to improved management of patients at risk of MDR-TB, such as previously treated patients. However, improvement in control of specimen-related contamination is needed to ensure that a higher proportion of FASTPlaque-Response results are interpretable. Where indicated, early modification of therapy could improve patient prognosis and reduce disease transmission.	None	isoniazid; rifampicin; acid fast bacterium; antibiotic sensitivity; article; bacterial strain; bacteriophage typing; bacterium culture; bacterium isolate; bacterium isolation; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; drug treatment failure; human; lung tuberculosis; major clinical study; multicenter study; multidrug resistance; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nonhuman; outcome assessment; prognosis; screening test; sensitivity and specificity; South Africa; sputum analysis; tuberculosis control; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Bacteriophage Typing; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Predictive Value of Tests; Retreatment; Rifampin; South Africa; Sputum; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67649210610	Performance of FASTPlaqueTB™ and a modified protocol in a high HIV prevalence community in South Africa	Trollip A.P., Albert H., Mole R., Marshall T., Van Cutsem G., Coetzee D.	2009	International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease	13	6	None	Biotec Laboratories South Africa Ltd., Cape Town, South Africa; Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, Cape Town, South Africa; Médecins Sans Frontières, Cape Town, South Africa; Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Biotec Laboratories South Africa (Pty) Ltd., PO Box 50615, Waterfront, Cape Town 8002, South Africa	Trollip, A.P., Biotec Laboratories South Africa Ltd., Cape Town, South Africa, Biotec Laboratories South Africa (Pty) Ltd., PO Box 50615, Waterfront, Cape Town 8002, South Africa; Albert, H., Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, Cape Town, South Africa; Mole, R., Biotec Laboratories South Africa Ltd., Cape Town, South Africa; Marshall, T., Biotec Laboratories South Africa Ltd., Cape Town, South Africa; Van Cutsem, G., Médecins Sans Frontières, Cape Town, South Africa; Coetzee, D., Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Modifications in the FASTPlaqueTB™ test protocol have resulted in an increase in the analytical limits of detection. This study investigated whether the performance of a modified prototype was able to increase the detection of smear-negative, culture-positive sputum samples as compared to the first generation FASTPlaqueTB test. Modifications to the FASTPlaqueTB did result in increased detection of smear-negative samples, but this was associated with a decrease in the specificity of the test. Before the FASTPlaqueTB can be considered as a viable replacement for smear microscopy and culture for the identification of tuberculosis, further work is required to resolve the performance issues identified in this study. © 2009 The Union.	Diagnostic tests; FASTPlaqueTB; HIV; Mycobacteriophages; Pulmonary tuberculosis; South Africa	adolescent; article; community; controlled study; culture medium; diagnostic test; human; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; microscopy; performance; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; South Africa; sputum analysis; sputum smear; tuberculosis; comorbidity; comparative study; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; lung tuberculosis; methodology; microbiological examination; microbiology; prediction and forecasting; South Africa; sputum; Comorbidity; HIV Infections; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Predictive Value of Tests; South Africa; Sputum; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-68949084939	Performance of diverse rice genotypes based on seed-set in interspecific hybrid production: Implications for plant breeders	Efisue A., Ubi B., Tongoona P., Derera J., Laing M.	2008	Journal of New Seeds	9	2	10.1080/15228860802086265	Biotechnology Research Development Centre, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria; African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Efisue, A., Biotechnology Research Development Centre, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Ubi, B., Biotechnology Research Development Centre, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Tongoona, P., African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Derera, J., African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Laing, M., African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Interspecific hybridization is an important technique used in improving rice populations by combining desired traits from different species. However, this could be difficult due to barriers to interspecific hybridization. The objective of this study was to determine the performance of different rice species based on seed set in an interspecific hybridization program. Five Oryza glaberrima genotypes and four interspecific inbred lines were used as female (seed) parents and two improved O. sativa and two interspecific inbred lines (NERICA 2 and NERICA 3) as male (pollen) parents to generate 36 cross combinations representing the North Carolina Design II mating scheme. Four groups of crosses were made: group A (O. glaberrima O. sativa), group B (O. glaberrima Interspecific), group C (Interspecific O. sativa) and group D (Interspecific Interspecific). Groups A and B had seed-set levels of about 10%. Group D had the highest seed-set level, with a mean of 19%. The least seed-set was for group C (6% seed-set). Overall, the study indicated a serious challenge in making interspecific hybrids, because only 11% of 8031 pollinations were successful in setting seed, compared with 45% within O. glaberrima and 70% within O. sativa crosses under similar conditions. Higher sterility was observed in backcrosses involving the O. glaberrima cytoplasm as compared with single crosses. The backcrosses involving O. glaberrima cytoplasm were completely sterile with no seed-set except with the CG 14 cytoplasm.	Genotypes; Interspecific hybrids; Oryza; Pollination; Seed set; Sterility	Oryza; Oryza glaberrima; Oryza sativa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77950118323	The impact of Bioversity International's African Leafy Vegetables programme in Kenya	Gotor E., Irungu C.	2010	Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal	28	1	10.3152/146155110X488817	Bioversity International, via dei Tre Denari, 472/a, Maccarese, Rome 00057, Italy; St Paul's University, Private Bag 00217, Limuru, Kenya	Gotor, E., Bioversity International, via dei Tre Denari, 472/a, Maccarese, Rome 00057, Italy; Irungu, C., St Paul's University, Private Bag 00217, Limuru, Kenya	An objective of Bioversity International is to promote income and food security by ensuring that agricultural biodiversity is conserved, characterised and used to improve productivity. The African Leafy Vegetables (ALVs) programme was initiated and implemented to meet this objective but no impact evaluation has been carried out since its conclusion. This study aims to evaluate the role played by Bioversity and its partners in the programme, and to assess the impact of the ALVs programme on the livelihoods of farmers in four regions of Kenya. The study used both primary and secondary data. Information from the survey was complemented by focus group discussions. To assess the role of Bioversity and its partners, all the partners were identified and interviewed. Bioversity was found to have ably acted as catalyst, facilitator and coordinator of the programme. Results also showed that production, consumption and marketing of ALVs had increased since 1997, women still dominated most of the ALVs activities, and those households that marketed ALVs were relatively better off than those that did not. © IAIA 2010.	Agro-biodiversity; ALVs; Impact assessment; In-situ conservation; Kenya; Poverty alleviation	agricultural production; biodiversity; food security; leafy vegetable; poverty alleviation; productivity; Kenya	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952744220	Post-privatization performance and organizational changes: Case studies from Ghana	Tsamenyi M., Onumah J., Tetteh-Kumah E.	2010	Critical Perspectives on Accounting	21	5	10.1016/j.cpa.2008.01.002	Birmingham Business School, University of Birmingham, University House, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; University of Ghana Business School, Ghana; Barclays Bank, Ghana	Tsamenyi, M., Birmingham Business School, University of Birmingham, University House, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Onumah, J., University of Ghana Business School, Ghana; Tetteh-Kumah, E., Barclays Bank, Ghana	A significant number of less developed countries (LDCs), including Ghana, have embraced the World Bank/IMF led economic reforms. Ghana has been implementing these reforms since the early 1980. One of the conditions of the reforms is the privatization of former state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Such privatization activities have however generated debates among academics, practitioners, and policy makers. Research findings so far have been mixed. This paper analyzes the performance of two large privatized companies in Ghana. Both companies have been paraded by the Ghanaian authorities and the international financial community as success stories of privatization. Our objective is to examine how and why these firms have been claimed to be successful. Drawing on the dimensions of the balanced scorecard, we examine the performance of the firms from five main perspectives-financial, customers, internal business process, learning and growth, and the community. The analysis is based on data gathered from diverse sources, namely, semi-structured interviews and discussions with managers of the selected companies and with personnel from key government departments, and analysis of internal and external documents. We conclude that, overall the performance of both organizations improved after privatization under all the performance dimensions examined. These improvements were also accompanied by certain organizational changes, including changes in the accounting and control systems. However we are not claiming that all privatization programs in Ghana have been successful. In fact there are stories in the Ghanaian media of several other privatization failures in the country. Instead what we have demonstrated is the need to explain the performance of privatized firms beyond the myopic macro-level and financial analysis which has been widely adopted by the international financial community and policy makers and we encourage other researchers to adopt such multidimensional approaches. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd.	Balanced scorecard; Ghana; Less developed countries; Performance evaluation; Privatization	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870267171	Definition and application of a cohesive crack model allowing improved prediction of the flexural capacity of high-performance fibre-reinforced concrete pavement materials	Denneman E., Kearsley E.P., Visser A.T.	2012	Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering	54	2	None	Bituminous Surfacing, ARRB Group Ltd., 500 Burwood Highway, Vermont South VIC 3133, Australia; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	Denneman, E., Bituminous Surfacing, ARRB Group Ltd., 500 Burwood Highway, Vermont South VIC 3133, Australia; Kearsley, E.P., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Visser, A.T., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	In conventional concrete pavement design methods the design parameters are determined using linear elastic analysis. Concrete is subject to significant size effect and as a result linear elastic design concepts, such as the modulus of rupture determined for a beam, have limited reliability in the design of elements of different size and geometry. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that, in contrast to the modulus of rupture, fracture mechanics material parameters can be used to accurately and precisely predict the flexural capacity of elements of a different size and geometry. The experimental framework includes two high-performance fibre-reinforced concrete mix designs, used to produce beams of different sizes tested in three-point bending configuration, as well as centrally loaded round panels. The fracture energy of the material is determined from the flexural beam tests. An adjusted tensile splitting test procedure is used to determine the tensile strength. The flexural tests on the beams and panels are simulated numerically using two finite element implementations of a cohesive crack approach. The numerical simulation yields satisfactory prediction of the flexural behaviour of the beam and disk specimens. It is concluded that using a fracture mechanics approach, the flexural behaviour of structural elements of different size and/or geometry can be reliably predicted.	None	Beam tests; Cohesive crack models; Cohesive cracks; Concrete mix design; Conventional concrete; Design concept; Design parameters; Different sizes; Disk specimens; Finite element implementation; Flexural capacity; Flexural tests; Fracture mechanics approach; Linear elastic; Linear elastic analysis; Material parameter; Modulus of rupture; Pavement design; Pavement material; Satisfactory predictions; Size effects; Splitting tests; Structural elements; Three point bending; Design; Fracture mechanics; Geometry; Reinforced concrete; Tensile strength; Forecasting	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955279919	Performance of mild steel perforated plates as a blast wave mitigation technique: Experimental and numerical investigation	Langdon G.S., Rossiter I.B., Balden V.H., Nurick G.N.	2010	International Journal of Impact Engineering	37	10	10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2010.06.001	Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Langdon, G.S., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Rossiter, I.B., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Balden, V.H., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Nurick, G.N., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	This article presents the results of an experimental and numerical investigation into the influence of hole size and thickness on the performance of mild steel perforated plates as a blast wave mitigation technique. Results of the blast tests showed that the perforated plates with small hole sizes reduced the damage imparted to the target plate by reducing the target plate mid-point deflection and increasing the tearing threshold impulse. Ansys Autodyn was used to model the experiments and the perforated plate hole diameter was varied during the simulations. The impulse imparted to the pendulum, target plate and perforated plate deflections compared favourably to the experimental results. The modelling simulations also gave further insight into the interaction between the blast wave and the plates. The simulations showed that the impulse imparted to the target plate was higher than the impulse measured from the experimental pendulum swing and that the difference increased with increasing blockage ratio. The simulations also showed that the total load duration was much longer than the response time of the plate, indicating that a proportion of the impulse does not contribute to the deformation of the target plate. The response time was shown to increase with increasing blockage ratio and decrease with increasing impulse. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Blast loading; Mitigation; Numerical modelling; Perforated plates; Plastic deformation	Blast loading; Blast waves; Blockage ratio; Hole diameter; Hole size; Mild steel; Mitigation; Mitigation techniques; Numerical investigations; Numerical modelling; Perforated plate; Response time; Small Hole; Target plates; Total load; Carbon steel; Computer simulation; Pendulums; Plastic deformation; Targets; Perforated plates	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937024050	The impact of human immunodeficiency virus infection on obstetric hemorrhage and blood transfusion in South Africa	Bloch E.M., Crookes R.L., Hull J., Fawcus S., Gangaram R., Anthony J., Ingram C., Ngcobo S., Croxford J., Creel D.V., Murphy E.L.	2015	Transfusion	55	7	10.1111/trf.13040	Blood Systems Research Institute, 270 Masonic Avenue, San Francisco, CA, United States; University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; South African National Blood Service, Weltevreden Park, South Africa; Chris-Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa; University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mowbray Maternity Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, South Africa; University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States	Bloch, E.M., Blood Systems Research Institute, 270 Masonic Avenue, San Francisco, CA, United States, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Crookes, R.L., South African National Blood Service, Weltevreden Park, South Africa; Hull, J., Chris-Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fawcus, S., Mowbray Maternity Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Gangaram, R., King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, South Africa, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Anthony, J., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Ingram, C., South African National Blood Service, Weltevreden Park, South Africa; Ngcobo, S., South African National Blood Service, Weltevreden Park, South Africa; Croxford, J., RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States; Creel, D.V., RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States; Murphy, E.L., Blood Systems Research Institute, 270 Masonic Avenue, San Francisco, CA, United States, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States	BACKGROUND Globally, as in South Africa, obstetric hemorrhage (OH) remains a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. Although blood transfusion is critical to OH management, the incidence and predictors of transfusion as well as their relation to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are poorly described. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted of all peripartum patients at four major hospitals in South Africa (April to July 2012). Comprehensive clinical data were collected on patients who sustained OH and/or were transfused. Logistic regression was used to model risk factors for OH and transfusion. RESULTS A total of 15,725 peripartum women were evaluated, of whom 3969 (25.2%) were HIV positive. Overall, 387 (2.5%) women sustained OH and 438 (2.8%) received transfusions, including 213 (1.4%) women with both OH and transfusion. There was no significant difference in OH incidence between HIV-positive (2.8%) and HIV-negative (2.3%) patients (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72-1.25). In contrast, the incidence of blood transfusion was significantly higher in HIV-positive (3.7%) than in HIV-negative (2.4%) patients (adjusted OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.14-2.03). Other risk factors for transfusion included OH, low prenatal hemoglobin, the treating hospital, lack of prenatal care, and gestational age of not more than 34 weeks. CONCLUSION In the South African obstetric setting, the incidence of peripartum blood transfusion is significantly higher than in the United States and other high-income countries while OH incidence is similar. While OH and prenatal anemia are major predictors of transfusion, HIV infection is a common and independent contributing factor. © 2015 AABB.	None	hemoglobin; adult; Article; blood transfusion; cesarean section; cross-sectional study; female; gestational age; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; major clinical study; obstetric hemorrhage; perinatal period; practice guideline; prenatal care; risk factor; South Africa; vaginal delivery; adolescent; blood; clinical trial; HIV Infections; incidence; multicenter study; postpartum hemorrhage; pregnancy; virology; Adolescent; Adult; Blood Transfusion; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Incidence; Postpartum Hemorrhage; Pregnancy; Risk Factors; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054900405	The influence of separation distance on the performance of perforated plates as a blast wave shielding technique	Langdon G.S., Nurick G.N., du Plessis N.J.	2011	Engineering Structures	33	12	10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.07.017	Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Langdon, G.S., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Nurick, G.N., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; du Plessis, N.J., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	This article presents the results of an experimental investigation into the performance of perforated plates as a blast wave mitigation method in tunnel-like structures. Combinations of three different blockage ratios and three different separation distances (defined as the distance between the perforated plates and target plates) were used during the blast experiments to ascertain the influence of the two variables, while the charge to target plate stand-off distance was kept constant. The results were compared to those obtained during similar test work at a lower separation distance of 25 mm, and also to baseline experiments with no perforated plate at a similar stand-off distance. Results of the blast tests showed that the perforated plates with higher blockage ratios reduced the damage imparted to the target plate. This effect was more significant at the lower separation distances. Increasing the separation distance also reduced the damage for a given blockage ratio and impulse. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	Blast loading; Mitigation; Perforated plates; Plastic deformation	Blast loading; Blast waves; Blockage ratio; Experimental investigations; Mitigation; Mitigation methods; Separation distances; Stand-off; Target plates; Experiments; Perforated plates; blasting; experimental study; loading; plastic deformation; structural component	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77949502966	Response of axially stacked square tubes to axial impact loads	Ronchietto F., Chung Kim Yuen S., Nurick G.N.	2009	Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures	6	4	None	Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Private Bag, 7701, South Africa	Ronchietto, F., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Private Bag, 7701, South Africa; Chung Kim Yuen, S., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Private Bag, 7701, South Africa; Nurick, G.N., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Private Bag, 7701, South Africa	The crushing and energy absorption characteristics of thinwalled specimens consisting of single and axially stacked mild steel square tubes are investigated by the performance of quasi-static and dynamic axial crushing tests. Two tubes are axially stacked either by means of weld or a plate. Welded specimens comprise of two tubes of equal length axially stacked on each other and seam welded around all four sides. Plate divided specimens consist of two tubes of equal length axially stacked with a rigid mild steel plate in between them. The rigid plate has a thickness of 10mm and acts as an elastic medium for energy to be transferred from the top tube to the bottom tube during axial loading. All tubes have square cross-sections of 50mm×50mm and nominal wall thicknesses of 1.6mm. The lengths of the tubes range from 250mm to 1700mm encompassing the three main modes of buckling; namely progressive, Euler and the transition mode. The global slenderness or length-to-width ratio (L/C) is investigated with regards to buckling modes. Welded tubes behave very similarly to single tubes. Plate-divided specimens exhibit two high peak loads with a slightly increased mean crush load compared to single and welded tubes.	Axial impact loading; Axially stacked; Buckling transition; Energy absorber; Global bending; Progressive buckling; Tube crushing	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875808744	Impact delamination testing of fibre reinforced polymers using Hopkinson Pressure Bars	Govender R.A., Langdon G.S., Nurick G.N., Cloete T.J.	2013	Engineering Fracture Mechanics	101	None	10.1016/j.engfracmech.2012.07.025	Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Govender, R.A., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Langdon, G.S., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Nurick, G.N., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Cloete, T.J., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	High rate delamination tests are often performed using high speed servo-hydraulic or drop-weight test frames. However, impact induced stress wave propagation in the specimen, load cell and test frame often results in oscillations in the force readings which can obscure specimen response. The Hopkinson Pressure Bar provides a means of measuring impact forces and velocities that accounts for stress wave propagation, but is typically used where forces are relatively high and deflections to failure are relatively low. A modified Hopkinson Pressure Bar apparatus was developed to conduct delamination tests, based on Three Point Bend Test geometry, at impact velocities of the order of 5-10. m/s, with specimen deflections to failure approaching 10. mm. This apparatus was used to test the delamination response of Glass Fibre reinforced Polypropylene specimens, using the mixed Mode I-Mode II Single Leg Bend delamination test. The shape of the force-deflection curve differed dramatically between quasi-static and impact tests. Finite Element Analysis, using cohesive zone elements to capture delamination, was used to elucidate the different response of the quasi-static and impact delamination tests. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	Delamination; Fibre reinforced polymer; Strain rate	Cohesive zone element; Delamination testing; Fibre reinforced polymers; Force-deflection curves; Glass fibre reinforced; Hopkinson pressure bar; Stress wave propagation; Three point bend tests; Bridge decks; Fiber reinforced plastics; Finite element method; Glass fibers; Polypropylenes; Reinforced plastics; Strain rate; Delamination	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900016364	Influence of soil fertility amendment practices on ex-situ utilisation of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and performance of maize and common bean in Kenyan Highlands	Nyaga J., Jefwa J.M., Muthuri C.W., Okoth S.A., Matiru V.N., Wachira P.	2014	Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems	17	1	None	Botany Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), P.O Box 62000-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility-CIAT, P.O Box 30777, Nairobi, Kenya; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-001000 Nairobi, Kenya	Nyaga, J., Botany Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), P.O Box 62000-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Jefwa, J.M., Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility-CIAT, P.O Box 30777, Nairobi, Kenya; Muthuri, C.W., Botany Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), P.O Box 62000-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Okoth, S.A., School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-001000 Nairobi, Kenya; Matiru, V.N., Botany Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), P.O Box 62000-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Wachira, P., School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-001000 Nairobi, Kenya	Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) are important in agriculture and have received attention as they are considered a part of an active and diverse soil biological community essential for increasing the sustainability of agricultural systems. However, most of agricultural practices have a negative impact on AMF association and agricultural soils are AMF impoverished. Interventions to replenish AMF include re-introduction through inoculation or manipulation of existing AMF to increase density. A major problem with inoculation is that there is possible competition with native (indigenous) AMF species. Indigenous AMF will be more adapted to the soil environment than introduced strains but with conflicting results on the effects of AMF inoculation on crop yield, more field studies for different ecological areas are required. The objective of the study was to compare the effect of inoculating crops with indigenous AMF applied applied singly or combined with other Soil Fertility Amendment Practices (SFAP) on root colonisation and subsequent performance of maize (Zea mays L.) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Analysis was also done on the best soil amendment practice that encourages crop colonisation by AMF. This was tested under field experiment and compared with control treatment (no soil amendment practice) and three other soil fertility amendment practices used singly or in combination with AMF; (1) MAVUNO (macro- and micronutrients and secondary nutrients) fertilizer, and (2) Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) and Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) (3) cattle manure. Maize and bean performances were determined and compared between the treatments for a period of two consecutive seasons with the experiment replicated in two benchmark sites of Embu district (highlands of central Kenya) and Taita-Taveta district (coastal highlands). Soils at Embu have high soil pH than at Taita which results in low phosphorus levels and possible micronutrients deficiencies. Even though no significant differences were observed from root colonisation by AMF with application of SFAP, significant differences were observed at the crop yield. Bean crop was more responsive to AMF inoculation than maize in terms of yield. Combination of AMF inoculant with other organic and inorganic fertilizers resulted in higher crop yield compared to AMF applied singly. Thus, utilisation of indigenous AMF species has potential to constitute an environmentally friendly method of soil fertility amendment over time to improve maize and bean production potential of small-scale holders but consideration should be done on the local soil nutrients conditions, other soil fertility amendment practices in use and the targeted crop.	Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi; Colonisation intensity; Crop yield; Indigenous species; Inoculation; Soil fertility amendment practices	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34249281963	From pastoralism to tourism: The historical impact of changing land use practices in Namaqualand	Hoffman M.T., Rohde R.F.	2007	Journal of Arid Environments	70	4	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.05.014	Botany Department, Leslie Hill Institute for Plant Conservation, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; Centre for African Studies, University of Edinburgh, 4 Carlton Street, Edinburgh, EH4 1NJ Scotland, United Kingdom	Hoffman, M.T., Botany Department, Leslie Hill Institute for Plant Conservation, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; Rohde, R.F., Centre for African Studies, University of Edinburgh, 4 Carlton Street, Edinburgh, EH4 1NJ Scotland, United Kingdom	We use the concept of ecological revolutions to explain the environmental history of Namaqualand, from the advent of pastoralism 2000 years BP, to colonial settlement in the 18th century and finally to the recent trend of de-agrarianization from the middle of the 20th century. Early traveller's records and census data are used to assess changes in the human population of the region and how this affected wildlife and agricultural practices. Pre-colonial indigenous hunter-gatherer (Bushmen) and pastoralist (Khoekhoen) populations in Namaqualand consisted of probably no more than a few thousand individuals. Over the next three centuries, the general population rose steadily to more than 65,000 people but has fallen in recent years. Wildlife appears not to have been abundant in Namaqualand's pre-colonial landscapes and large springbok 'treks' were probably a rare event. The number of domestic livestock in Namaqualand peaked in 1957 largely as a result of an increase in the number of sheep which have fallen steadily since this time. Crop production was absent from Namaqualand's pre-colonial landscapes but increased to cover nearly 30,000 ha in the early 1970s. The area under cultivation has declined by nearly two thirds since this time largely as a result of the large-scale abandonment of wheat farming in marginal environments. We touch on differences between the communal areas and private farms, particularly in terms of their human populations and agricultural impact on the land. Repeat landscape photographs support our main findings which suggest that both rocky, upland habitats and rivers have not been transformed substantially by land use practices in Namaqualand. Instead, sandy pediments have borne the brunt of human impacts in the region. Finally, we highlight the beginning of a new ecological revolution in Namaqualand due to changes in the global and national political economy. © 2006.	Degradation; Environmental history; Human impact; Population; Repeat photography	anthropogenic effect; environmental history; historical geography; human settlement; land use change; pastoralism; tourism; twentieth century; Africa; Namaqualand; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Antidorcas marsupialis; Ovis aries; Triticum aestivum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548548350	Paleolimnological assessment of human impacts on an urban South African lake	García-Rodríguez F., Anderson C.R., Adams J.B.	2007	Journal of Paleolimnology	38	3	10.1007/s10933-006-9076-8	Botany Department, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Department of Geosciences, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	García-Rodríguez, F., Botany Department, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Anderson, C.R., Department of Geosciences, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Adams, J.B., Botany Department, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	North End Lake is a polluted and eutrophic freshwater system located in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. Since the lake is expected to be used for recreational/tourist purposes by 2010, a rehabilitation program will have to be designed. For this reason, we retrieved a sediment core from the central region of the lake to decipher the effect of historical human impacts on the water body. Pre-disturbance paleolimnological inferences indicate that the lake was likely mesotrophic. After ∼1831, when sheep farming activities were undertaken in the catchment, increases in trophic state and changes in sediment composition were observed. After ∼1937, increases in trace metal levels, organic matter, spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCP) and changes in sediment composition were recorded. The system became eutrophic as indicated by the dominance of the diatom Actinocyclus normanii, a cosmopolitan species often observed in systems where water quality has been dramatically degraded. The conditions worsened after 1986 because of the construction of a storm-water retention system, which intentionally channeled storm-water runoff into the lake. Because of this, extremely high values of fecal coliforms (i.e. 2 × 106 every 100 ml) have been measured in the water column. The paleolimnological information identified the sharp increase in organic content in the uppermost section of the core, and this could be correlated to the operation of the storm-water retention system. Therefore, as an immediate management measure, we suggest that the storm-water retention system should either no longer be utilized, or the storm-water runoff should be treated before disposal into the lake. In addition, an effective sewage system has to be constructed. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.	Diatoms; Eutrophication; Human impacts; Paleolimnology; South Africa; Spheroidal carbonaceous particles; Trace metals	anthropogenic effect; diatom; eutrophication; lake; lake pollution; mesotrophic environment; organic matter; paleolimnology; runoff; sediment analysis; sediment core; trace metal; urban area; water quality; Africa; Eastern Cape; Port Elizabeth; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Actinocyclus normanii; Bacillariophyta; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876435776	Impact of Prosopis invasion on a keystone tree species in the Kalahari Desert	Schachtschneider K., February E.C.	2013	Plant Ecology	214	4	10.1007/s11258-013-0192-z	Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa; CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa	Schachtschneider, K., Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa, CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; February, E.C., Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa	Several Prosopis species were introduced into South Africa in the last century. Since then two species, Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana and Prosopisvelutina have invaded large parts of arid southern Africa. Here, we examine the extent to which increased mortality of Acacia erioloba, a keystone species in the Kalahari Desert, can be attributed to competition for water with Prosopis. We do this for A. erioloba and Prosopis sp. at invaded, as well as cleared sites through a determination of species abundance, canopy vitality, plant water stress and plant water source. Our stable isotope results show that in the riparian zone both A. erioloba and Prosopis are using the same water source. Our results also show that there is a 50 % increase in canopy dieback of A. erioloba in the invaded river plots relative to the cleared river plots. This dieback cannot be related to changes in rainfall and temperature as there were no adverse fluctuations (drought) in the weather in the 10 years preceding our study. We speculate that because A. erioloba is more water stressed in the invaded river plot this increase in mortality and dieback is related to plant moisture stress that is not related to climate but to competition for water with Prosopis. Our study gives strong support for the eradication of Prosopis from rivers in arid parts of Southern Africa. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Acacia erioloba; Alien invasive; Kalahari Desert; Keystone species; Prosopis; Water	abundance; arid region; biological invasion; dicotyledon; dieback; ecological impact; keystone species; mortality; riparian zone; stable isotope; water stress; Kalahari Desert; Acacia; Acacia erioloba; Prosopis; Prosopis glandulosa; Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-43149102054	Ecological engineering by a mega-grazer: White Rhino impacts on a south African savanna	Waldram M.S., Bond W.J., Stock W.D.	2008	Ecosystems	11	1	10.1007/s10021-007-9109-9	Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa; Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University, 100 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia	Waldram, M.S., Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa; Bond, W.J., Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa; Stock, W.D., Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa, Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University, 100 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia	Herbivory can change the structure and spatial heterogeneity of vegetation. We ask whether all species of grazers in a savanna ecosystem can have this effect or whether megaherbivores (>1000 kg) have a 'special' role that cannot be replicated by other species of grazers. We performed a replicated landscape scale experiment that examined the effects of White Rhino on the grass sward, on other species of grazing mammals and on the movement of fire through the landscape. White Rhino maintained short grass ('lawn') patches in mesic areas (∼750 mm pa) with increases in grass sward height when they were removed. Other species of grazers were unable to maintain short grass communities when White Rhino were removed. In semi-arid areas (∼600 mm pa) other, smaller grazers were able to maintain short grass communities in the absence of White Rhino and sward height did not increase. White Rhino removals affected fire by increasing fuel loads and fuel continuity. This resulted in larger, less patchy fires. We propose that the White Rhino acts as an influential ecosystem engineer, creating and maintaining short grass swards, which alter habitat for other grazers and change the fire regime. These results indicate the existence of context-dependent facilitation between White Rhino and other grazers in mesic, but not in semi-arid, savannas. Such top down effects on the ecosystem may have been much more widespread before the extinction of large grazers in the Pleistocene. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Ecosystem engineers; Facilitation; Fire; Grazing; Keystone species; Megaherbivores; Pleistocene extinctions; Savanna; White Rhino	ecosystem engineering; experimental study; extinction; grass; grazing; herbivory; keystone species; Pleistocene; savanna; ungulate; wildfire; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Mammalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-81855176565	Exploring the impact of national system of innovation on the outcomes of foreign direct investment	Baskaran A., Muchie M., Muchie M.	2009	International Journal of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development	2	4	10.1504/IJTLID.2009.02682	Business School, Middlesex University, London NW4 4BT, United Kingdom; Institute for Economic Research on Innovation, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; DIIPER, Aalborg University, Denmark	Baskaran, A., Business School, Middlesex University, London NW4 4BT, United Kingdom; Muchie, M., Institute for Economic Research on Innovation, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Muchie, M., DIIPER, Aalborg University, Denmark	This paper attempts to explore the possible relationship between the characteristics of a National System of Innovation (NSI) and their impact on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) outcomes, particularly in developing countries. We employ a heuristic NSI-FDI conceptual framework linking the robustness of NSI to the benefits or lack of it from FDI. We create a taxonomy of NSIs as well-functioning/strong, relatively well-functioning and weak and try to empirically find out how each NSI type is related to the corresponding FDI outcomes. We examine whether a strong NSI can bring a high-end benefit from FDI, whether those with a weak NSI are at the low end of the FDI potential benefit spectrum, and whether a relatively well-functioning NSI is linked to medium or average FDI outcomes. We used descriptive data from selected developing economies - China, India, South Africa, Ghana, Ethiopia, Tanzania and Zambia - and applied this conceptual framework. Despite some data limitations, our case studies show that the characteristics and robustness (or lack of robustness) of NSI can impact on how FDI flows to a country and the kinds of outcomes it will produce, other things being equal. Therefore, how countries build their NSI matters significantly to national policy making. © 2009 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	China; Ethiopia; FDI; foreign direct investment; Ghana; India; national innovation system; South Africa; Tanzania; technology spillovers; Zambia	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880424853	Exploring Teachers' Assessment Practices of Performance Tasks in Agriculture and Factors Influencing Their Choice	Masole T.M., Howie S.	2013	Journal of Agricultural and Food Information	14	3	10.1080/10496505.2013.803347	Botswana Examinations Council, Private Bag 0070, Gaborone, Botswana; Faculty of Education, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Masole, T.M., Botswana Examinations Council, Private Bag 0070, Gaborone, Botswana; Howie, S., Faculty of Education, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	The aim of the study was to explore processes employed in performance assessment in agriculture in Botswana schools. The study employed an exploratory survey design, in which 13 schools were purposively sampled from two regions. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire and some were interviewed. Descriptive statistics (frequency counts, percentages, and means) were initially computed before inferential analysis (factor analysis, t-test, and ANOVA) was carried out. Qualitative data was analyzed through thick description. It was found that teachers' performance assessment was the same in the two regions, characterized by holistic assessment of the product. The emphasis on product assessment was largely due to insufficient training, large class sizes, high workloads, and insufficient time. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	agriculture; assessment; Botswana; performance assessment; process assessment; product assessment	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84923652968	Performance of rapid HIV testing by lay counselors in the field during the behavioral and biological surveillance survey among female sex workers and men who have sex with men in Botswana	Mine M., Chishala S., Makhaola K., Tafuma T.A., Bolebantswe J., Merrigan M.B.	2015	Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes	68	3	10.1097/QAI.0000000000000434	Botswana Harvard Reference Laboratory, National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana; Department of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Care Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana; Family Health International 360, Gaborone, Botswana	Mine, M., Botswana Harvard Reference Laboratory, National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana; Chishala, S., Botswana Harvard Reference Laboratory, National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana; Makhaola, K., Botswana Harvard Reference Laboratory, National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana; Tafuma, T.A., Department of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Care Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana; Bolebantswe, J., Department of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Care Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana; Merrigan, M.B., Family Health International 360, Gaborone, Botswana	The study assessed the performance of rapid HIV testing with whole blood using Kehua Bio-engineering HIV (1 + 2) and Uni-Gold HIV test kits by trained and certified lay counselors, offered to female sex workers and men who have sex with men during the 2012 survey fieldwork. The results of rapid HIV testing were compared with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing performed in a parallel algorithm at the HIV Reference Laboratory. The sensitivity and the specificity of rapid HIV testing were high for men who have sex with men and female sex workers, with 98.1% and 100%, and 98.2% and 98.5%, respectively. Misclassifications occurred with rapid testing. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.	BBSS; Botswana; FSW; MSM; rapid HIV testing	Human immunodeficiency virus antibody; adult; Article; bioengineering; blood analysis; Botswana; diagnostic error; diagnostic test accuracy study; disease surveillance; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; female; health care personnel; health survey; HIV rapid test; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus 2; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; lay counselor; major clinical study; male; men who have sex with men; priority journal; prostitution; sensitivity and specificity; adolescent; comparative study; cross-sectional study; diagnostic test; evaluation study; HIV Infections; hospital information system; male homosexuality; middle aged; paramedical personnel; procedures; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; Allied Health Personnel; Botswana; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Female; HIV Infections; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Point-of-Care Systems; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sex Workers; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891803931	Evaluation of the false recent classification rates of multiassay algorithms in estimating HIV type 1 subtype C incidence	Moyo S., LeCuyer T., Wang R., Gaseitsiwe S., Weng J., Musonda R., Bussmann H., Mine M., Engelbrecht S., Makhema J., Marlink R., Baum M.K., Novitsky V., Essex M.	2014	AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses	30	1	10.1089/aid.2013.0055	Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana; Division of Medical Virology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA, United States; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Botswana-Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative, Harvard School of Public Health, FXB 402, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States; National Health Laboratory and Botswana-Harvard HIV Reference Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana; National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa; R. Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, University Park, Miami, FL, United States	Moyo, S., Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana, Division of Medical Virology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; LeCuyer, T., Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA, United States; Wang, R., Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States, Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Gaseitsiwe, S., Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Botswana-Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative, Harvard School of Public Health, FXB 402, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Weng, J., Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Musonda, R., Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Botswana-Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative, Harvard School of Public Health, FXB 402, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Bussmann, H., Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Botswana-Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative, Harvard School of Public Health, FXB 402, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Mine, M., Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana, National Health Laboratory and Botswana-Harvard HIV Reference Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana; Engelbrecht, S., Division of Medical Virology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa, National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa; Makhema, J., Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Botswana-Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative, Harvard School of Public Health, FXB 402, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Marlink, R., Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Botswana-Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative, Harvard School of Public Health, FXB 402, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Baum, M.K., R. Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, University Park, Miami, FL, United States; Novitsky, V., Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Botswana-Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative, Harvard School of Public Health, FXB 402, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Essex, M., Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Botswana-Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative, Harvard School of Public Health, FXB 402, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States	Laboratory cross-sectional assays are useful for the estimation of HIV incidence, but are known to misclassify individuals with long-standing infection as recently infected. The false recent rate (FRR) varies widely across geographic areas; therefore, accurate estimates of HIV incidence require a locally defined FRR. We determined FRR for Botswana, where HIV-1 subtype C infection is predominant, using the BED capture enzyme immunoassay (BED), a Bio-Rad Avidity Index (BAI) assay (a modification of the Bio-Rad HIV1/2+O EIA), and two multiassay algorithms (MAA) that included clinical data. To estimate FRR, stored blood samples from 512 antiretroviral (ARV)-naive HIV-1 subtype C-infected individuals from a prospective cohort in Botswana were tested at 18-24 months postenrollment. The following FRR mean (95% CI) values were obtained: BED 6.05% (4.15-8.48), BAI 5.57% (3.70-8.0), BED-BAI 2.25% (1.13-4.0), and a combination of BED-BAI with CD4 (>200) and viral load (>400) threshold 1.43% (0.58-2.93). The interassay agreement between BED and BAI was 92.8% (95% CI, 90.1-94.5) for recent/long-term classification. Misclassification was associated with viral suppression for BED [adjusted OR (aOR) 10.31; p=0.008], BAI [aOR 9.72; p=0.019], and MAA1 [aOR 16.6; p=0.006]. Employing MAA can reduce FRR to <2%. A local FRR can improve cross-sectional HIV incidence estimates. © 2014, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.	None	adult; age; article; Botswana; CD4 lymphocyte count; classification algorithm; cohort analysis; enzyme immunoassay; female; follow up; gender; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (strain C); Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; major clinical study; male; middle aged; opportunistic infection; priority journal; virus load; young adult; algorithm; blood; classification; geography; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; incidence; pregnancy; prospective study; Human immunodeficiency virus antibody; Adult; Algorithms; Botswana; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Female; Geography; HIV Antibodies; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; HIV-1; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Incidence; Male; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Viral Load	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33244456606	Hybrid data capture for monitoring patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in urban Botswana	Bussmann H., Wester C.W., Ndwapi N., Vanderwarker C., Gaolathe T., Tirelo G., Avalos A., Moffat H., Marlink R.G.	2006	Bulletin of the World Health Organization	84	2	10.2471/BLT.04.019307	Botswana-Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana; Infectious Disease Care Clinic, Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana; Department of Medicine, Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana; Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative, Harvard School of Public Health, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States	Bussmann, H., Botswana-Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana; Wester, C.W., Botswana-Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana; Ndwapi, N., Infectious Disease Care Clinic, Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana; Vanderwarker, C., Botswana-Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana; Gaolathe, T., Infectious Disease Care Clinic, Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana; Tirelo, G., Infectious Disease Care Clinic, Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana; Avalos, A., Botswana-Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana; Moffat, H., Department of Medicine, Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana; Marlink, R.G., Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative, Harvard School of Public Health, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States	Individual patient care and programme evaluation are pivotal for the success of antiretroviral treatment programmes in resource-limited countries. While computer-aided documentation and data storage are indispensable for any large programme, several important issues need to be addressed including which data are to be collected, who collects it and how it is entered into an electronic database. We describe a patient-monitoring approach, which uses patient encounter forms (in hybrid paper + electronic format) based on optical character recognition, piloted at Princess Marina Hospital in Gaborone, Botswana's first public highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) outpatient clinic. Our novel data capture approach collects "key" data for tracking patient and programme outcomes. It saves physician time and does not detract from clinical care.	Automatic data processing; Botswana (source: MeSH, NLM); Computerized; Data collection; Medical records; Medical records systems	antiretrovirus agent; data acquisition; health monitoring; urban population; article; Botswana; computer aided design; drug activity; health program; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; outpatient department; patient monitoring; physician; pilot study; urban area; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Automatic Data Processing; Botswana; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Database Management Systems; Drug Monitoring; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Medical Records Systems, Computerized; Optical Storage Devices; Program Evaluation; RNA, Viral; Time Factors; Africa; Botswana; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
None	None	The Burden of Rabies in Tanzania and Its Impact on Local Communities	Sambo M., Cleaveland S., Ferguson H., Lembo T., Simon C., Urassa H., Hampson K.	2013	PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases	7	11	10.1371/journal.pntd.0002510	Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Morogoro, Tanzania; Temeke Municipal Council, Livestock Office, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania	Sambo, M., Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Morogoro, Tanzania; Cleaveland, S., Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Ferguson, H., Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Morogoro, Tanzania; Lembo, T., Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Simon, C., Temeke Municipal Council, Livestock Office, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; Urassa, H., Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Morogoro, Tanzania; Hampson, K., Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom	Background:Rabies remains a major public health threat in many parts of the world and is responsible for an estimated 55,000 human deaths annually. The burden of rabies is estimated to be around US$20 million in Africa, with the highest financial expenditure being the cost of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). However, these calculations may be substantial underestimates because the costs to households of coping with endemic rabies have not been investigated. We therefore aimed to estimate the household costs, health-seeking behaviour, coping strategies, and outcomes of exposure to rabies in rural and urban communities in Tanzania.Methods and Findings:Extensive investigative interviews were used to estimate the incidence of human deaths and bite exposures. Questionnaires with bite victims and their families were used to investigate health-seeking behaviour and costs (medical and non-medical costs) associated with exposure to rabies. We calculated that an average patient in rural Tanzania, where most people live on less than US$1 per day, would need to spend over US$100 to complete WHO recommended PEP schedules. High costs and frequent shortages of PEP led to poor compliance with PEP regimens, delays in presentation to health facilities, and increased risk of death.Conclusion:The true costs of obtaining PEP were twice as high as those previously reported from Africa and should be considered in re-evaluations of the burden of rabies. © 2013 Sambo et al.	None	antibiotic agent; rabies vaccine; adolescent; aged; article; child; coping behavior; disinfection; health behavior; health care cost; human; incidence; infant; interview; outcome assessment; post exposure prophylaxis; questionnaire; rabies; tetanus prophylaxis; world health organization; wound care; adult; animal; bites and stings; cost of illness; dog; economics; female; male; middle aged; preschool child; rabies; Tanzania; very elderly; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Bites and Stings; Child; Child, Preschool; Cost of Illness; Dogs; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Rabies; Tanzania; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925536464	The International Multidisciplinary Consensus Conference on Multimodality Monitoring in Neurocritical Care: A List of Recommendations and Additional Conclusions: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the Neurocritical Care Society and the European	Le Roux P., Menon D.K., Citerio G., Vespa P., Bader M.K., Brophy G., Diringer M.N., Stocchetti N., Videtta W., Armonda R., Badjatia N., Bösel J., Chesnut R., Chou S., Claassen J., Czosnyka M., De Georgia M., Figaji A., Fugate J., Helbok R., Horowitz D., H	2014	Neurocritical Care	21	2	10.1007/s12028-014-0077-6	Brain and Spine Center, Lankenau Medical Center, Suite 370, Medical Science Building, 100 East Lancaster Avenue, Wynnewood, PA, United States; Division of Anaesthesia, Neurosciences Critical Care Unit, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Box 93, Cambridge, United Kingdom; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Ospedale San Gerardo, Via Pergolesi 33, Monza, Italy; Neuro/Critical Care CNS Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo, CA, United States; Departments of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science and Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia Campus 410 N. 12th Street, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Neurology, Neurocritical Care Section, Washington University, Campus Box 8111 660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO, United States; Department of Physiopathology and Transplant, Milan University, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale, Maggiore Policlinico, Via F Sforza 35, Milan, Italy; ICU Neurocritical Care, Hospital Nacional ‘Prof. a. Posadas’, El Palomar - Pcia, De Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurosurgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Medstar Health, 3800 Reservoir Road, NW Washington, DC, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Maryland Medical Center, 22 S Greene St, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Neurology Ruprect-Karls, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, Germany; Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Mailstop 359766, 325 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, Milstein 8 Center Room 300, New York, NY, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Box 167, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, United States; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, 617 Institute for Child Health Red Cross Children’s Hospital Rondebosch, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Neurology, Neurocritical Care Unit Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstr.35, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Pennsylvania Health System, 3701 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Box 167, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3 West Gates 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, United States; The MetroHealth System, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH, United States; Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases and Neurocritical Care, The Ohio State University, 395 W. 12th Ave, 7th Floor, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Neurology Northwestern, University Feinberg SOM, 710 N Lake Shore Drive, 11th Floor, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine University of Lausanne, CHUV University Hospital, BH 08-623, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, Neurotherapeutics and Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine JMH, 1611 NW 12th Ave, Suite 405, Miami, FL, United States; Cerebrovascular Center and Neuroinflammation Research Center, Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, NC30, Cleveland, OH, United States; Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Clinicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Critical Care Medicine Maine Medical Center, 22 Bramhall Street, Portland, ME, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Ben Taub Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 1504 Taub Loop, Houston, TX, United States; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Milstein Hospital 8 Garden South, Suite 331 177 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY, United States; Laboratoire de Recherche Experimentale, Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Route de Lennik, Brussels, Belgium	Le Roux, P., Brain and Spine Center, Lankenau Medical Center, Suite 370, Medical Science Building, 100 East Lancaster Avenue, Wynnewood, PA, United States; Menon, D.K., Division of Anaesthesia, Neurosciences Critical Care Unit, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Box 93, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Citerio, G., Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Ospedale San Gerardo, Via Pergolesi 33, Monza, Italy; Vespa, P., David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Bader, M.K., Neuro/Critical Care CNS Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo, CA, United States; Brophy, G., Departments of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science and Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia Campus 410 N. 12th Street, Richmond, VA, United States; Diringer, M.N., Department of Neurology, Neurocritical Care Section, Washington University, Campus Box 8111 660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO, United States; Stocchetti, N., Department of Physiopathology and Transplant, Milan University, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale, Maggiore Policlinico, Via F Sforza 35, Milan, Italy; Videtta, W., ICU Neurocritical Care, Hospital Nacional ‘Prof. a. Posadas’, El Palomar - Pcia, De Buenos Aires, Argentina; Armonda, R., Department of Neurosurgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Medstar Health, 3800 Reservoir Road, NW Washington, DC, United States; Badjatia, N., Department of Neurology, University of Maryland Medical Center, 22 S Greene St, Baltimore, MD, United States; Bösel, J., Department of Neurology Ruprect-Karls, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, Germany; Chesnut, R., Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Mailstop 359766, 325 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA, United States; Chou, S., Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, United States; Claassen, J., Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, Milstein 8 Center Room 300, New York, NY, United States; Czosnyka, M., Department of Neurosurgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Box 167, Cambridge, United Kingdom; De Georgia, M., Department of Neurology, University Hospital Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, United States; Figaji, A., Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, 617 Institute for Child Health Red Cross Children’s Hospital Rondebosch, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Fugate, J., Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, United States; Helbok, R., Department of Neurology, Neurocritical Care Unit Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstr.35, Innsbruck, Austria; Horowitz, D., University of Pennsylvania Health System, 3701 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Hutchinson, P., Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Box 167, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Kumar, M., Department of Neurology Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3 West Gates 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, United States; McNett, M., The MetroHealth System, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH, United States; Miller, C., Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases and Neurocritical Care, The Ohio State University, 395 W. 12th Ave, 7th Floor, Columbus, OH, United States; Naidech, A., Department of Neurology Northwestern, University Feinberg SOM, 710 N Lake Shore Drive, 11th Floor, Chicago, IL, United States; Oddo, M., Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine University of Lausanne, CHUV University Hospital, BH 08-623, Lausanne, Switzerland; Olson, D.W., Department of Neurology, Neurotherapeutics and Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, United States; O’Phelan, K., Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine JMH, 1611 NW 12th Ave, Suite 405, Miami, FL, United States; Provencio, J.J., Cerebrovascular Center and Neuroinflammation Research Center, Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, NC30, Cleveland, OH, United States; Puppo, C., Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Clinicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Riker, R., Critical Care Medicine Maine Medical Center, 22 Bramhall Street, Portland, ME, United States; Roberson, C., Department of Neurosurgery, Ben Taub Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 1504 Taub Loop, Houston, TX, United States; Schmidt, M., Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Milstein Hospital 8 Garden South, Suite 331 177 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY, United States; Taccone, F., Laboratoire de Recherche Experimentale, Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Route de Lennik, Brussels, Belgium	Careful patient monitoring using a variety of techniques including clinical and laboratory evaluation, bedside physiological monitoring with continuous or non-continuous techniques and imaging is fundamental to the care of patients who require neurocritical care. How best to perform and use bedside monitoring is still being elucidated. To create a basic platform for care and a foundation for further research the Neurocritical Care Society in collaboration with the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, the Society for Critical Care Medicine and the Latin America Brain Injury Consortium organized an international, multidisciplinary consensus conference to develop recommendations about physiologic bedside monitoring. This supplement contains a Consensus Summary Statement with recommendations and individual topic reviews as a background to the recommendations. In this article, we highlight the recommendations and provide additional conclusions as an aid to the reader and to facilitate bedside care. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Bio-informatics; Biomarkers; Brain metabolism; Brain oxygen; Brain physiology; Clinical guidelines; Clinical trials; Consensus development conference; Grading of recommendations assessment development and evaluation (GRADE); Intracranial pressure; Microdi	blood gas analysis; brain circulation; Brain Injuries; clinical protocol; consensus; electroencephalography; hospital information system; human; intensive care; international cooperation; intracranial pressure; medical society; neurophysiological monitoring; pathophysiology; patient selection; physiology; Blood Gas Analysis; Brain Injuries; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Clinical Protocols; Consensus; Electroencephalography; Humans; Intensive Care; Internationality; Intracranial Pressure; Neurophysiological Monitoring; Patient Selection; Point-of-Care Systems; Societies, Medical	None
None	None	Consensus Summary Statement of the International Multidisciplinary Consensus Conference on Multimodality Monitoring in Neurocritical Care: A statement for healthcare professionals from the Neurocritical Care Society and the European Society of Intensive C	Le Roux P., Menon D.K., Citerio G., Vespa P., Bader M.K., Brophy G.M., Diringer M.N., Stocchetti N., Videtta W., Armonda R., Badjatia N., Böesel J., Chesnut R., Chou S., Claassen J., Czosnyka M., De Georgia M., Figaji A., Fugate J., Helbok R., Horowitz D.	2014	Neurocritical Care	21	2	10.1007/s12028-014-0041-5	Brain and Spine Center, Suite 370, Medical Science Building, Lankenau Medical Center, 100 East Lancaster Avenue, Wynnewood, PA, United States; Neurosciences Critical Care Unit, Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge Consultant, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 93, Cambridge, United Kingdom; NeuroIntensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Ospedale San Gerardo, Via Pergolesi 33, Monza, Italy; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Neuro/Critical Care CNS, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo, CA, United States; Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia Campus, 410N. 12th Street, Richmond, VA, United States; Neurocritical Care Section, Department of Neurology, Washington University, Campus Box 8111, 660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO, United States; Department of Physiopathology and Transplant, Milan University, Neuro ICU, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F Sforza, 35, Milan, Italy; ICU Neurocritical Care, Hospital Nacional ‘Prof. a. Posadas’, El Palomar, Pcia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurosurgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Medstar Health, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Maryland Medical Center, 22 S Greene St, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Neurology, Ruprecht-Karls University, Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, Germany; Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Mailstop 359766, 325 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, United States; Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, Milstein 8 Center room 300, New York, NY, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 167, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Neurocritical Care Center, Cerebrovascular Center, University Hospital Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, United States; University of Cape Town, 617 Institute for Child Health, Red Cross Children’s Hospital, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Neurocritical Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstr.35, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Pennsylvania Health System, 3701 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 167, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3 West Gates, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Nursing Research, The MetroHealth System, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH, United States; Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases and Neurocritical Care, The Ohio State University, 395W. 12th Ave, 7th Floor, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg, SOM 710, N Lake Shore Drive, 11th floor, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Biology and Medicine University of Lausanne, CHUV University Hospital, BH 08-623, Lausanne, Switzerland; Neurology, Neurotherapeutics and Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, JMH, 1611 NW 12th Ave, Suite 405, Miami, FL, United States; Cerebrovascular Center and Neuroinflammation Research Center, Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, NC30, Cleveland, OH, United States; Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Clinicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Critical Care Medicine, Maine Medical Center, 22 Bramhall Street, Portland, Maine, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neurosurgical Intensive Care, Ben Taub Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 1504 Taub Loop, Houston, TX, United States; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Milstein Hospital 8 Garden South, Suite 331, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY, United States; Laboratoire de Recherche Experimentale, Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Route de Lennik, 808, Brussels, Belgium	Le Roux, P., Brain and Spine Center, Suite 370, Medical Science Building, Lankenau Medical Center, 100 East Lancaster Avenue, Wynnewood, PA, United States; Menon, D.K., Neurosciences Critical Care Unit, Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge Consultant, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 93, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Citerio, G., NeuroIntensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Ospedale San Gerardo, Via Pergolesi 33, Monza, Italy; Vespa, P., David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Bader, M.K., Neuro/Critical Care CNS, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo, CA, United States; Brophy, G.M., Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia Campus, 410N. 12th Street, Richmond, VA, United States; Diringer, M.N., Neurocritical Care Section, Department of Neurology, Washington University, Campus Box 8111, 660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO, United States; Stocchetti, N., Department of Physiopathology and Transplant, Milan University, Neuro ICU, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F Sforza, 35, Milan, Italy; Videtta, W., ICU Neurocritical Care, Hospital Nacional ‘Prof. a. Posadas’, El Palomar, Pcia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Armonda, R., Department of Neurosurgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Medstar Health, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, United States; Badjatia, N., Department of Neurology, University of Maryland Medical Center, 22 S Greene St, Baltimore, MD, United States; Böesel, J., Department of Neurology, Ruprecht-Karls University, Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, Germany; Chesnut, R., Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Mailstop 359766, 325 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA, United States; Chou, S., Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, United States; Claassen, J., Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, Milstein 8 Center room 300, New York, NY, United States; Czosnyka, M., Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 167, Cambridge, United Kingdom; De Georgia, M., Neurocritical Care Center, Cerebrovascular Center, University Hospital Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, United States; Figaji, A., University of Cape Town, 617 Institute for Child Health, Red Cross Children’s Hospital, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Fugate, J., Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Helbok, R., Neurocritical Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstr.35, Innsbruck, Austria; Horowitz, D., University of Pennsylvania Health System, 3701 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Hutchinson, P., Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 167, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Kumar, M., Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3 West Gates, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, United States; McNett, M., Nursing Research, The MetroHealth System, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH, United States; Miller, C., Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases and Neurocritical Care, The Ohio State University, 395W. 12th Ave, 7th Floor, Columbus, OH, United States; Naidech, A., Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg, SOM 710, N Lake Shore Drive, 11th floor, Chicago, IL, United States; Oddo, M., Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Biology and Medicine University of Lausanne, CHUV University Hospital, BH 08-623, Lausanne, Switzerland; Olson, D.W., Neurology, Neurotherapeutics and Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, United States; O’Phelan, K., Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, JMH, 1611 NW 12th Ave, Suite 405, Miami, FL, United States; Provencio, J.J., Cerebrovascular Center and Neuroinflammation Research Center, Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, NC30, Cleveland, OH, United States; Puppo, C., Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Clinicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Riker, R., Critical Care Medicine, Maine Medical Center, 22 Bramhall Street, Portland, Maine, United States; Robertson, C., Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neurosurgical Intensive Care, Ben Taub Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 1504 Taub Loop, Houston, TX, United States; Schmidt, M., Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Milstein Hospital 8 Garden South, Suite 331, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY, United States; Taccone, F., Laboratoire de Recherche Experimentale, Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Route de Lennik, 808, Brussels, Belgium	Neurocritical care depends, in part, on careful patient monitoring but as yet there are little data on what processes are the most important to monitor, how these should be monitored, and whether monitoring these processes is cost-effective and impacts outcome. At the same time, bioinformatics is a rapidly emerging field in critical care but as yet there is little agreement or standardization on what information is important and how it should be displayed and analyzed. The Neurocritical Care Society in collaboration with the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, the Society for Critical Care Medicine, and the Latin America Brain Injury Consortium organized an international, multidisciplinary consensus conference to begin to address these needs. International experts from neurosurgery, neurocritical care, neurology, critical care, neuroanesthesiology, nursing, pharmacy, and informatics were recruited on the basis of their research, publication record, and expertise. They undertook a systematic literature review to develop recommendations about specific topics on physiologic processes important to the care of patients with disorders that require neurocritical care. This review does not make recommendations about treatment, imaging, and intraoperative monitoring. A multidisciplinary jury, selected for their expertise in clinical investigation and development of practice guidelines, guided this process. The GRADE system was used to develop recommendations based on literature review, discussion, integrating the literature with the participants’ collective experience, and critical review by an impartial jury. Emphasis was placed on the principle that recommendations should be based on both data quality and on trade-offs and translation into clinical practice. Strong consideration was given to providing pragmatic guidance and recommendations for bedside neuromonitoring, even in the absence of high quality data. © 2014, All content, design, text, and other materials are copyrighted by the Neurocritical Care Society (NCS). All rights reserved. Endorsed by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Latin American Brain Injury Consortium. This article is endorsed by the Eu.	Bioinformatics; Biomarkers; Brain metabolism; Brain oxygen; Brain physiology; Clinical guidelines; Clinical trials; Consensus development conference; Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE); Intracranial pressure; Microdia	Article; body temperature monitoring; brain blood flow; brain metabolism; brain perfusion; cell damage; cell degeneration; clinical protocol; consensus development; disease course; electroencephalography; energy expenditure; evidence based medicine; health care cost; health care quality; hemodynamic monitoring; hemoglobin determination; hemostasis; human; intensive care; intensive care unit; intracranial pressure monitoring; medical decision making; nervous system inflammation; neuroimaging; neurologic disease; neurologic examination; nutritional status; patient monitoring; practice guideline; priority journal; pulse oximetry; quality control	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925492982	The International Multidisciplinary Consensus Conference on Multimodality Monitoring in Neurocritical Care: Evidentiary Tables: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals from the Neurocritical Care Society and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicin	Le Roux P., Menon D.K., Citerio G., Vespa P., Bader M.K., Brophy G., Diringer M.N., Stocchetti N., Videtta W., Armonda R., Badjatia N., Bösel J., Chesnut R., Chou S., Claassen J., Czosnyka M., De Georgia M., Figaji A., Fugate J., Helbok R., Horowitz D., H	2014	Neurocritical Care	21	2	10.1007/s12028-014-0081-x	Brain and Spine Center, Suite 370, Medical Science Building, Lankenau Medical Center, 100 East Lancaster Avenue, Wynnewood, PA, United States; Neurosciences Critical Care Unit, Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 93, Cambridge, United Kingdom; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; NeuroIntensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Ospedale San Gerardo, Via Pergolesi 33, Monza, Italy; Neuro/Critical Care CNS, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo, CA, United States; Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia Campus, 410 N. 12th Street, Richmond, VA, United States; Neurocritical Care Section, Washington University, Department of Neurology, Campus Box 8111, 660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO, United States; Department of Physiopathology and Transplant, Milan University, Neuro ICU, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F Sforza, 35, Milan, Italy; ICU Neurocritical Care, Hospital Nacional ‘Prof. a. Posadas’, El Palomar, Pcia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurosurgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Medstar Health, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Maryland Medical Center, 22 S Greene St, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Neurology, Ruprect-Karls University, Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, Germany; Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Mailstop 359766, 325 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, United States; Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, Milstein 8 Center Room 300, New York, NY, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 167, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University Hospital Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, United States; University of Cape Town, 617 Institute for Child Health, Red Cross Children’s Hospital, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Neurology, Neurocritical Care Unit, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstr.35, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Pennsylvania Health System, 3701 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Box 167 Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3 West Gates, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Nursing Research, The MetroHealth System, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH, United States; Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases and Neurocritical Care, The Ohio State University, 395W. 12th Ave, 7th Floor, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg, SOM 710, N Lake Shore Drive, 11th Floor, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Biology and Medicine University of Lausanne, CHUV University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; University of Texas Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, JMH, 1611 NW 12th Ave, Suite 405, Miami, FL, United States; Cerebrovascular Center and Neuroinflammation Research Center, Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, NC30, Cleveland, OH, United States; Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Clinicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Critical Care Medicine, Maine Medical Center, 22 Bramhall Street, Portland, ME, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Ben Taub Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 1504 Taub Loop, Houston, TX, United States; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Milstein Hospital 8 Garden South, Suite 331, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY, United States; Department of Intensive Care, Laboratoire de Recherche Experimentale, Erasme Hospital, Route de Lennik, 808, Brussels, Belgium	Le Roux, P., Brain and Spine Center, Suite 370, Medical Science Building, Lankenau Medical Center, 100 East Lancaster Avenue, Wynnewood, PA, United States; Menon, D.K., Neurosciences Critical Care Unit, Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 93, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Citerio, G., NeuroIntensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Ospedale San Gerardo, Via Pergolesi 33, Monza, Italy; Vespa, P., David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Bader, M.K., Neuro/Critical Care CNS, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo, CA, United States; Brophy, G., Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia Campus, 410 N. 12th Street, Richmond, VA, United States; Diringer, M.N., Neurocritical Care Section, Washington University, Department of Neurology, Campus Box 8111, 660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO, United States; Stocchetti, N., Department of Physiopathology and Transplant, Milan University, Neuro ICU, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F Sforza, 35, Milan, Italy; Videtta, W., ICU Neurocritical Care, Hospital Nacional ‘Prof. a. Posadas’, El Palomar, Pcia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Armonda, R., Department of Neurosurgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Medstar Health, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, United States; Badjatia, N., Department of Neurology, University of Maryland Medical Center, 22 S Greene St, Baltimore, MD, United States; Bösel, J., Department of Neurology, Ruprect-Karls University, Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, Germany; Chesnut, R., Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Mailstop 359766, 325 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA, United States; Chou, S., Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, United States; Claassen, J., Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, Milstein 8 Center Room 300, New York, NY, United States; Czosnyka, M., Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 167, Cambridge, United Kingdom; De Georgia, M., University Hospital Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, United States; Figaji, A., University of Cape Town, 617 Institute for Child Health, Red Cross Children’s Hospital, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Fugate, J., Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, United States; Helbok, R., Department of Neurology, Neurocritical Care Unit, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstr.35, Innsbruck, Austria; Horowitz, D., University of Pennsylvania Health System, 3701 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Hutchinson, P., Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Box 167 Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Kumar, M., Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3 West Gates, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, United States; McNett, M., Nursing Research, The MetroHealth System, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH, United States; Miller, C., Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases and Neurocritical Care, The Ohio State University, 395W. 12th Ave, 7th Floor, Columbus, OH, United States; Naidech, A., Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg, SOM 710, N Lake Shore Drive, 11th Floor, Chicago, IL, United States; Oddo, M., Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Biology and Medicine University of Lausanne, CHUV University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Olson, D.W., University of Texas Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, United States; O’Phelan, K., Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, JMH, 1611 NW 12th Ave, Suite 405, Miami, FL, United States; Javier Provencio, J., Cerebrovascular Center and Neuroinflammation Research Center, Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, NC30, Cleveland, OH, United States; Puppo, C., Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Clinicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Riker, R., Critical Care Medicine, Maine Medical Center, 22 Bramhall Street, Portland, ME, United States; Roberson, C., Department of Neurosurgery, Ben Taub Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 1504 Taub Loop, Houston, TX, United States; Schmidt, M., Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Milstein Hospital 8 Garden South, Suite 331, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY, United States; Taccone, F., Department of Intensive Care, Laboratoire de Recherche Experimentale, Erasme Hospital, Route de Lennik, 808, Brussels, Belgium	A variety of technologies have been developed to assist decision-making during the management of patients with acute brain injury who require intensive care. A large body of research has been generated describing these various technologies. The Neurocritical Care Society (NCS) in collaboration with the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM), the Society for Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), and the Latin America Brain Injury Consortium (LABIC) organized an international, multidisciplinary consensus conference to perform a systematic review of the published literature to help develop evidence-based practice recommendations on bedside physiologic monitoring. This supplement contains a Consensus Summary Statement with recommendations and individual topic reviews on physiologic processes important in the care of acute brain injury. In this article we provide the evidentiary tables for select topics including systemic hemodynamics, intracranial pressure, brain and systemic oxygenation, EEG, brain metabolism, biomarkers, processes of care and monitoring in emerging economies to provide the clinician ready access to evidence that supports recommendations about neuromonitoring. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Bio-informatics; Biomarkers; Brain metabolism; Brain oxygen; Brain physiology; Clinical guidelines; Clinical trials; Consensus development conference; Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE); Intracranial pressure; Microdi	None	None
WoS	WOS:000306670300012	The adult population impact of HIV care and antiretroviral therapy in a resource poor setting, 2003-2008	Ackers, Marta,Adamu-Zeh, Mirabelle,Broz, Dita,Gargano, Julia W.,Laserson, Kayla,Marston, Barbara,Muttai, Hellen,Nyabiage, Lennah,Odhiambo, Frank,Orimba, Vincent,Owuor, Karen,Sewe, Maquins,Williamson, John	2012	AIDS	26	12	10.1097/QAD.0b013e328353b7b9	CDC Res & Publ Hlth Collaborat, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kenya Minist Hlth	None	Objective: To describe the population uptake of HIV care including antiretroviral therapy (ART) and its impact on adult mortality in a rural area of western Kenya with high HIV prevalence during a period of rapid HIV services scale-up. Design: Adult medical chart data were abstracted at health facilities providing HIV care/ART to residents of a Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) and linked with HDSS demographic and mortality data. Methods: We evaluated secular trends in patient characteristics across enrollment years and estimated proportions of HIV-positive adult residents receiving care. We evaluated adult (18-64 years) population mortality trends using verbal autopsy findings. Results: From 2003 to 2008, 5421 HDSS-resident adults enrolled in HIV care; 61.4% (n = 3331) were linked to HDSS follow-up data. As the number of facilities expanded from 1 (2003) to 17 (2008), receipt of HIV services by HIV-positive residents increased from less than 1 to 29.5%, and ART coverage reached 64.0% of adults with CD4 cell count less than 250 cells/mu l. The proportion of patients with WHO stage 4 at enrollment decreased from 20.4 to 1.9%, and CD4 cell count testing at enrollment increased from 1.0 to 53.4%. Population-level mortality rates for adults declined 34% for all causes, 26% for AIDS/tuberculosis, and 47% for other infectious diseases; noninfectious disease mortality rates remained constant. Conclusion: The initial years of rapid HIV service expansion coincided with a drop in adult mortality by a third. Continued expansion of population access to HIV clinical services, including ART, and program quality improvements will be necessary to achieve further progress in reducing HIV-related morbidity and mortality. (C) 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins	AIDS/HIV,"ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",MORTALITY,"POPULATION SURVEILLANCE","COTRIMOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS",HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS,INFECTIOUS-DISEASES,MORTALITY,"PROSPECTIVE COHORT","RURAL WESTERN KENYA",SOUTH-AFRICA,TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE,UGANDA,"VERB	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58849128160	Diclofenac Potassium Attenuates Dysmenorrhea and Restores Exercise Performance in Women With Primary Dysmenorrhea	Chantler I., Mitchell D., Fuller A.	2009	Journal of Pain	10	2	10.1016/j.jpain.2008.08.006	Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa	Chantler, I., Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mitchell, D., Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fuller, A., Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa	We assessed the efficacy of diclofenac potassium, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, in alleviating menstrual pain and restoring exercise performance to that measured in the late-follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Twelve healthy young women with a history of primary dysmenorrhea completed, in a random order, laboratory exercise-testing sessions when they were in the late-follicular (no menstruation, no pain) phase of the menstrual cycle and when they were experiencing dysmenorrhea and receiving, in a double-blinded fashion, either 100 mg of diclofenac potassium or placebo. We assessed the women's leg strength (1-repetition maximum test), aerobic capacity (treadmill walking test), and ability to perform a functional test (task-specific test). Compared with placebo, diclofenac potassium significantly decreased dysmenorrhea on the day of administration (Visual Analog Scale, P < .001 at all times). When receiving placebo for menstrual pain, the women's performance in the tests was decreased significantly, compared with when they were receiving diclofenac potassium for menstrual pain (P < .05) and compared with when they were in the late-follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (P < .05 for treadmill test, P < .01 for task-specific test and 1-repetition maximum test). Administration of diclofenac potassium for menstrual pain restored exercise performance to a level not different from that achieved in the late-follicular phase of the cycle. Perspective: In women with primary dysmenorrhea, menstrual pain, if untreated, decreases laboratory-assessed exercise performance. A recommended daily dose of a readily available nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, diclofenac potassium, is effective in relieving menstrual pain and restoring physical performance to levels achieved when the women were in the late-follicular (no menstruation, no pain) phase of the menstrual cycle. © 2009 American Pain Society.	Menstrual pain; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; physical performance	cataflam d; diclofenac potassium; placebo; unclassified drug; aerobic capacity; article; clinical article; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; drug efficacy; dysmenorrhea; exercise; female; follicular phase; human; leg; muscle strength; task performance; treadmill exercise; visual analog scale; walking; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Analysis of Variance; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Diclofenac; Double-Blind Method; Dysmenorrhea; Exercise; Female; Humans; Menstrual Cycle; Physical Endurance; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77649288154	Psychosocial impact of sickle cell disorder: Perspectives from a Nigerian setting	Anie K.A., Egunjobi F.E., Akinyanju O.O.	2010	Globalization and Health	6	None	10.1186/1744-8603-6-2	Brent Sickle Cell and Thalassaemia Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, Central Middlesex Hospital, London, NW10 7NS, United Kingdom; National Sickle Cell Centre, Idi Araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Anie, K.A., Brent Sickle Cell and Thalassaemia Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, Central Middlesex Hospital, London, NW10 7NS, United Kingdom; Egunjobi, F.E., National Sickle Cell Centre, Idi Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Akinyanju, O.O., National Sickle Cell Centre, Idi Araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Sickle Cell Disorder is a global health problem with psychosocial implications. Nigeria has the largest population of people with sickle cell disorder, with about 150,000 births annually. This study explored the psychosocial impact of sickle cell disorder in 408 adolescents and adults attending three hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria. A questionnaire was designed for the study, with some of commonly described areas of psychosocial impact including general public perceptions and attitudes, education, employment, and healthcare issues, and emotional responses The majority of participants thought that society in general had a negative image of SCD, and reported negative perceptions and attitudes. Some issues in education, employment, and healthcare were expressed, however these were in the minority of cases. The results also showed that depressive feelings were experienced in almost half the study population, even though feelings of anxiety or self-hate were uncommon. Clinical implications of these findings are considered.© 2010 Anie et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	behavioral response; blood system disorder; health care; perception; public attitude; questionnaire survey; social impact; adolescent; adult; anxiety; article; attitude; controlled study; depression; education; emotion; employment; female; hate; health service; human; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; priority journal; psychosocial care; sickle cell anemia; social psychology; Lagos [Nigeria]; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-22744456563	Tryptic digests of sorghum malt sprouts: Evaluation of their stimulatory roles during very-high-gravity ethanol fermentation	Ezeogu L.I., Okolo B.N., Ogbonna J.C.	2005	Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists	63	3	10.1094/ASBCJ-63-0121	Brewing Science Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Institute of Applied Biochemistry, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan; Department of Food Science, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa	Ezeogu, L.I., Brewing Science Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria, Department of Food Science, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa; Okolo, B.N., Brewing Science Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ogbonna, J.C., Institute of Applied Biochemistry, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan	Tryptic digests of sprouts from two Nigerian sorghum cultivars were evaluated for their effects on very-high-gravity-fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae WY1006. Yeast growth, fermentation vigor, and ethanol production were considerably (P &lt; 0.05) enhanced by small amounts (1.25 to 6.25 g/L) of digests. CO2 emission rates after 24 hr were 48.3 to 69.2 mg/hr (Local White [TDSS-LW] digest) and 67.1 to 89.2 mg/hr (Local Red [TDSS-LR] digest) compared with 41.3 mg/hr in the unsupplemented control. Yeast growth increased 1.6- to 2.0- and 1.7- to 2.2-fold, respectively with TDSS-LW and TDSS-LR. At 83.7 to 105.0 and 102.0 to 128.8 g/L, respectively, TDSS-LW and TDSS-LR supported significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher ethanol production than did the control (64.0 g/L). Final ethanol values with TDSS-LR were always (P &lt; 0.05) higher than those with TDSS-LW, but very comparable with values from yeast extract-supplemented media (105.9 to 137.5 g/L). Sprout digest concentrations supporting maximum ethanol production were 5.0 and 3.75 g/L, respectively for TDSS-LW and TDSS-LR. At 3.75 g/L or below, more ethanol was produced by yeast in media with TDSS-LR than was observed in corresponding yeast extract-containing media. Results suggest that tryptic digests of sorghum sprouts can serve as viable alternatives to expensive yeast extract in ethanologenic fermentation. © 2005 American Society of Brewing Chemists, Inc.	Ethanol production; Fermentation vigor; Supplementation; Yeast growth	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937801498	Maximizing the Impact of Training Initiatives for Health Professionals in Low-Income Countries: Frameworks, Challenges, and Best Practices	Cancedda C., Farmer P.E., Kerry V., Nuthulaganti T., Scott K.W., Goosby E., Binagwaho A.	2015	PLoS Medicine	12	6	10.1371/journal.pmed.1001840	Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Partners In Health, Boston, MA, United States; Seed Global Health, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Clinton Health Access Initiative, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Ministry of Health of RwandaKigali, Rwanda; Geisel School of Medicine—Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States	Cancedda, C., Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, Partners In Health, Boston, MA, United States; Farmer, P.E., Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, Partners In Health, Boston, MA, United States; Kerry, V., Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, Seed Global Health, Boston, MA, United States, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Nuthulaganti, T., Clinton Health Access Initiative, Boston, MA, United States, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States; Scott, K.W., Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States; Goosby, E., University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Binagwaho, A., Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, Ministry of Health of RwandaKigali, Rwanda, Geisel School of Medicine—Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States	[No abstract available]	None	Article; conceptual framework; government; health care planning; health practitioner; health program; human; lowest income group; medical education; medical school; training	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-81855172463	Immunologic criteria are poor predictors of virologic outcome: Implications for HIV treatment monitoring in resource-limited settings	Rawizza H.E., Chaplin B., Meloni S.T., Eisen G., Rao T., Sankalé J.-L., Dieng-Sarr A., Agbaji O., Onwujekwe D.I., Gashau W., Nkado R., Ekong E., Okonkwo P., Murphy R.L., Kanki P.J.	2011	Clinical Infectious Diseases	53	12	10.1093/cid/cir729	Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria; Nigerian Institute of Medical Resea	Rawizza, H.E., Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Chaplin, B., Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Meloni, S.T., Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Eisen, G., Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Rao, T., Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Sankalé, J.-L., Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Dieng-Sarr, A., Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Agbaji, O., Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria; Onwujekwe, D.I., Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria; Gashau, W., University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Borno State, Nigeria; Nkado, R., 68 Military Hospital, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria; Ekong, E., AIDS Prevention Initiative Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria; Okonkwo, P., AIDS Prevention Initiative Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria; Murphy, R.L., Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States; Kanki, P.J., Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States	Background. Viral load (VL) quantification is considered essential for determining antiretroviral treatment (ART) success in resource-rich countries. However, it is not widely available in resource-limited settings where the burden of human immunodeficiency virus infection is greatest. In the absence of VL monitoring, switches to second-line ART are based on World Health Organization (WHO) clinical or immunologic failure criteria. Methods. We assessed the performance of CD4 cell criteria to predict virologic outcomes in a large ART program in Nigeria. Laboratory monitoring consists of CD4 cell count and VL at baseline, then every 6 months. Failure was defined as 2 consecutive VLs >1000 copies/mL after at least 6 months of ART. Virologic outcomes were compared with the 3 WHO-defined immunologic failure criteria. Results. A total of 9690 patients were included in the analysis (median follow-up, 33.2 months). A total of 1225 patients experienced failure by both immunologic and virologic criteria, 872 by virologic criteria only, and 1897 by immunologic criteria only. The sensitivity of CD4 cell criteria to detect viral failure was 58%, specificity was 75%, and the positive-predictive value was 39%. For patients with both virologic and immunologic failure, VL criteria identified failure significantly earlier than CD4 cell criteria (median, 10.4 vs 15.6 months; P <. 0001). Conclusions. Because of the low sensitivity of immunologic criteria, a substantial number of failures are missed, potentially resulting in accumulation of resistance mutations. In addition, specificity and predictive values are low, which may result in large numbers of unnecessary ART switches. Monitoring solely by immunologic criteria may result in increased costs because of excess switches to more expensive ART and development of drug-resistant virus. © 2011 The Author.	None	nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; RNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitor; adult; article; biological monitoring; CD4 lymphocyte count; female; follow up; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunological parameters; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; predictive value; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; treatment duration; treatment failure; virus load; world health organization; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Developing Countries; Drug Monitoring; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Nigeria; Predictive Value of Tests; Sensitivity and Specificity; Treatment Outcome; Viral Load	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954631909	Impact of anthropogenic transportation to Antarctica on alien seed viability	Hughes K.A., Lee J.E., Ware C., Kiefer K., Bergstrom D.M.	2010	Polar Biology	33	8	10.1007/s00300-010-0801-4	British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, United Kingdom; Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia; Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 77, Hobart 7001, Australia	Hughes, K.A., British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, United Kingdom; Lee, J.E., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Ware, C., Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia, Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 77, Hobart 7001, Australia; Kiefer, K., Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia, Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 77, Hobart 7001, Australia; Bergstrom, D.M., Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia, Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 77, Hobart 7001, Australia	Antarctic ecosystems are at risk from the introduction of invasive species. The first step in the process of invasion is the transportation of alien species to Antarctic in a viable state. However, the effect of long-distance human-mediated dispersal, over different timescales, on propagule viability is not well known. We assessed the viability of Poa trivialis seeds transported to Antarctica from the UK, South Africa and Australia by ship or by ship and aircraft. Following transportation to the Antarctic Treaty area, no reduction in seed viability was found, despite journey times lasting up to 284 days and seeds experiencing temperatures as low as -1.5°C. This work confirms that human-mediated transport may overcome the dispersal barrier for some propagules, and highlights the need for effective pre-departure biosecurity measures. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.	Antarctica; Dispersal; Invasion; Non-native; Propagule; Transport	anthropogenic effect; biological invasion; biosafety; environmental risk; invasive species; propagule; seed dispersal; transportation mode; viability; Antarctica; Poa; Poa trivialis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897120053	Potential impact of the us president's emergency plan for AIDS relief on the tuberculosis/HIV coepidemic in selected sub-Saharan African countries	Lima V.D., Granich R., Phillips P., Williams B., Montaner J.S.G.	2013	Journal of Infectious Diseases	208	12	10.1093/infdis/jit406	British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St Paul's Hospital, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z1Y6, Canada; Division of AIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Lima, V.D., British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St Paul's Hospital, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z1Y6, Canada, Division of AIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Granich, R., Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland; Phillips, P., British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St Paul's Hospital, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z1Y6, Canada, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Williams, B., South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Montaner, J.S.G., British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St Paul's Hospital, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z1Y6, Canada, Division of AIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada	Background. There are limited data measuring the impact of expanded human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention activities on the tuberculosis epidemic at the country level. Here, we characterized the potential impact of the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) on the tuberculosis epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods. We selected 12 focus countries (countries receiving the greatest US government investments) and 29 nonfocus countries (controls). We used tuberculosis incidence and mortality rates and relative risks to compare time periods before and after PEPFAR's inception, and a tuberculosis/HIV indicator to calculate the rate of change in tuberculosis incidence relative to the HIV prevalence. Results. Comparing the periods before and after PEPFAR's implementation, both tuberculosis incidence and mortality rates have diminished significantly and to a higher degree in focus countries. The relative risk for developing tuberculosis, comparing those with and without HIV, was 22.5 for control and 20.0 for focus countries. In most focus countries, the tuberculosis epidemic is slowing down despite some regions still experiencing an increase in HIV prevalence. Conclusions. This ecological study showed that PEPFAR had a more consistent and substantial effect on HIV and tuberculosis in focus countries, highlighting the likely link between high levels of HIV investment and broader effects on related diseases such as tuberculosis. © The Author 2013.	Coepidemic; HIV; Incidence; Mortality; PEPFAR; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tuberculosis	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adult; Africa south of the Sahara; article; Botswana; child; comparative study; controlled study; Cote d'Ivoire; emergency health service; epidemic; Ethiopia; health care planning; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; incidence; Kenya; mortality; Mozambique; Namibia; Nigeria; prevalence; priority journal; risk factor; Rwanda; South Africa; Tanzania; tuberculosis; Uganda; United States President Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief; Zambia; Africa south of the Sahara; coepidemic; developing country; epidemic; health; health care policy; Human immunodeficiency virus; international cooperation; microbiology; PEPFAR; Sub-Saharan Africa; United States; virology; Epidemics; HIV Infections; tuberculosis; coepidemic; HIV; incidence; mortality; PEPFAR; sub-Saharan Africa; tuberculosis; Africa South of the Sahara; Developing Countries; Epidemics; Health Policy; HIV Infections; Humans; International Cooperation; Tuberculosis; United States; World Health; Africa South of the Sahara; Developing Countries; Epidemics; Global Health; Health Policy; HIV Infections; Humans; International Cooperation; Tuberculosis; United States	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750953470	Performance of immunologic responses in predicting viral load suppression: Implications for monitoring patients in resource-limited settings	Moore D.M., Mermin J., Awor A., Yip B., Hogg R.S., Montaner J.S.G.	2006	Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes	43	4	10.1097/01.qai.0000243105.80393.42	British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Global AIDS Program, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Entebbe, Uganda; CDC-Uganda, Uganda Virus Research Institute, PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda	Moore, D.M., British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Global AIDS Program, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Entebbe, Uganda, CDC-Uganda, Uganda Virus Research Institute, PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda; Mermin, J., Global AIDS Program, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Entebbe, Uganda; Awor, A., Global AIDS Program, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Entebbe, Uganda; Yip, B., British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Hogg, R.S., British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Montaner, J.S.G., British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada	BACKGROUND: World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings state that CD4 cell counts may be used to indicate when ART regimens should be changed because of treatment failure. The performance of immunologic monitoring for this purpose has not been evaluated, however. METHODS: Participants aged ≥18 years from the British Columbia HIV/AIDS Drug Treatment Program who had CD4 cell counts ≤200 cells/μL or an AIDS diagnosis at baseline had CD4 cell counts measured at 6 and 12 months after treatment initiation. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for immunologic responses in terms of predicting failure to achieve 2 viral load measurements <500 copies/mL within 1 year. RESULTS: Viral load suppression occurred in 674 (60%) of 1125 subjects. Using no increase in CD4 cell counts at 6 months as a definition of treatment failure had a sensitivity of 34%, specificity of 94%, positive predictive value of 75%, and negative predictive value of 71% for predicting failure to achieve virologic suppression. Using 12-month CD4 cell count values, the measurements were 35%, 95%, 79%, and 73%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Immunologic criteria to predict which patients have not achieved virologic suppression results in significant misclassification of therapeutic responses. © 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.	Antiretroviral therapy; Developing countries; Immunologic monitoring; Virologic responses	antiretrovirus agent; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adult; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immune response; logistic regression analysis; major clinical study; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; treatment failure; virus load; Anti-HIV Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Developing Countries; Drug Therapy, Combination; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Predictive Value of Tests; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; RNA, Viral; Treatment Failure; Viral Load	None
WoS	WOS:000262517900008	The impact of distance of residence from a peripheral health facility on pediatric health utilisation in rural western Kenya	Adazu, Kubaje,Audi, Allan,Feikin, Daniel R.,Lindblade, Kim A.,Nguyen, Ly Minh,Ombok, Maurice,Slutsker, Laurence	2009	TROPICAL MEDICINE &amp; INTERNATIONAL HEALTH	14	1	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02193.x	CDC, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr	None	To explore the impact of distance on utilisation of peripheral health facilities for sick child visits in Asembo, rural western Kenya. As part of a demographic surveillance system (DSS), censuses of all households in the Asembo population of 55 000 are conducted three times a year, data are collected at all outpatient pediatric visits in seven DSS clinics in Asembo, and all households are GIS-mapped and linkable to a child's unique DSS identification number. Between May 1, 2003 and April 30, 2004, 3501 clinic visits were linked to 2432 children among 10 973 DSS-resident children &lt; 5 years of age. Younger children and children with more severe illnesses travelled further for clinic visits. The median distance travelled varied by clinic. The rate of clinic visits decreased linearly at 0.5 km intervals up to 4 km, after which the rate stabilised. Using Poisson regression, controlling for the nearest DSS clinic for each child, socio-economic status and maternal education, and accounting for household clustering of children, for every 1 km increase in distance of residence from a DSS clinic, the rate of clinic visits decreased by 34% (95% CI, 31-37%) from the previous kilometer. Achieving equity in access to health care for children in rural Kenya will require creative strategies to address a significant distance-decay effect in health care utilisation.	"access to care",DISTANCE,"health care utilisation",KENYA,ATTENDANCE,CHILDREN,DISTRICT,FEVERS,MALARIA,MORTALITY,SERVICES	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940192013	Impact of globalisation on higher education curriculum restructuring in India : Comparing the trends in Kerala and Tamil Nadu	David S.A., Wildemeersch D.	2014	Indian Journal of Social Work	75	4	None	British University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; University of Johannesberg, South Africa; Kathoiieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium	David, S.A., British University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, University of Johannesberg, South Africa; Wildemeersch, D., Kathoiieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium	This study focuses on the implications of globalisation on higher education curriculum restructuring. Recent industrial developments in India, particularly the massive growth of Information and Communication Technology, and the job market has a strong influence on curriculum restructuring. A comparative analysis on the trends in Kerala and Tamil Nadu reveal that the curriculum in Tamil Nadu has been restructured much in line with the above arguments, while the developments in Kerala seem to be cautious even though similar approaches are evident. The six selected higher educational institutions deal with higher education curriculum restructuring differently, given the nature of governance, strategies and priorities of these Universities.	None	None	None
WoS	WOS:000281862300002	The correlates of HIV testing and impacts on sexual behavior: evidence from a life history study of young people in Kisumu, Kenya	Izugbara, Chimaraoke O.,Kabiru, Caroline W.,Luke, Nancy,Zulu, Eliya M.	2010	BMC PUBLIC HEALTH	10	None	10.1186/1471-2458-10-412	Brown University, African Inst Dev Policy AFIDEP, African Populat & Hlth Res Ctr	"Luke, Nancy: Brown University",	Background: HIV counseling and testing is considered an important component of HIV prevention and treatment. This paper examines the characteristics of young males and females at the time of first reported HIV test, including the influence of recent sexual partnerships, and investigates how HIV testing and the cumulative number of tests are associated with sexual behaviors within six months of testing. Methods: The study uses data from a random sample of youth aged 18-24 years living in Kisumu, Kenya, who were interviewed using a 10-year retrospective life history calendar. Cox regression models were used to examine the correlates of the timing of first HIV test. Variance-correction models for unordered repeated events were employed to examine whether having an HIV test in the previous six months and the cumulative number of tests predict unsafe sexual practices in a given month. Results: Sixty-four percent of females and 55% of males reported at least one HIV test in the last 10 years and 40% of females were pregnant the month of first test. Significant correlates of first HIV test included marital aspirations among non-pregnant females, unprotected sex in the previous six months among pregnant females, and concurrency in the previous six months among males. Having a recent HIV test was associated with a decreased likelihood of unprotected sex among ever-pregnant females, an increased likelihood of unprotected sex and "risky" sexual partnerships among never-pregnant females, and an increased likelihood of concurrency among males. Repeated HIV testing was associated with a lower likelihood of concurrency among males and involvement in "risky" sexual partnerships among males and never-pregnant females. Conclusions: The high rate of pregnancy at first test suggests that promotion of HIV testing as part of prevention of mother-to-child transmission is gaining success. Further research is warranted to examine how and why behavior change is influenced by client-versus provider-initiated testing. The influence of different sexual partnership variables for males and females suggests that interventions to assess risk and promote testing should be gender-and relationship-specific. The findings also suggest that encouraging repeat or routine testing could potentially increase the uptake of safer sexual behaviors.	,ADOLESCENTS,BOTSWANA,CALENDAR,CLIENTS,"CONDOM USE",FERTILITY,HIGH-RISK,POPULATION,PREVALENCE,SERVICES	None	None
WoS	WOS:000332851300011	Impact of Domestic Care Environment on Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Orphans in Western Kenya	Atwoli, Lukoye,Ayaya, Samuel,Ayuku, David,Braitstein, Paula,Hogan, Joseph,Koech, Julius,Vreeman, Rachel Christine	2014	PLOS ONE	9	3	10.1371/journal.pone.0089937	Brown University, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indiana University System, Moi University, Regenstrief Institute Inc, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), University of Toronto, USAID Acad Model Providing Access Healthcare AMPA	"Atwoli, Lukoye: Moi University","Ayaya, Samuel: Moi University","Ayuku, David: Moi University","Koech, Julius: United States Agency for International Development (USAID)",	Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the domestic care environment on the prevalence of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among orphaned and separated children in Uasin Gishu County, western Kenya. Methods: A total of 1565 (55.5% male) orphaned and separated adolescents aged 10-18 years (mean 13.8 years, sd 2.2), were assessed for PTSD and PTEs including bullying, physical abuse and sexual abuse. In this sample, 746 lived in extended family households, 746 in Charitable Children's Institutions (CCIs), and 73 on the street. Posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSS) scores and PTSD were assessed using the Child PTSD Checklist. Results: Bullying was the commonest PTE in all domestic care environments, followed by physical and sexual abuse. All PTEs were commonest among the street youth followed by CCIs. However, sexual abuse was more prevalent in households than in CCIs. Prevalence of PTSD was highest among street youth (28.8%), then households (15.0%) and CCIs (11.5%). PTSS scores were also highest among street youth, followed by CCIs and households. Bullying was associated with higher PTSS scores and PTSD odds than either sexual or physical abuse. Conclusion: This study demonstrated differences in distribution of trauma and PTSD among orphaned and separated children in different domestic care environments, with street youth suffering more than those in CCIs or households. Interventions are needed to address bullying and sexual abuse, especially in extended family households. Street youth, a heretofore neglected population, are urgently in need of dedicated mental health services and support.	,ADOLESCENTS,AGGRESSION,CHILDREN,FOSTER,HEALTH,HOMELESS,SOUTH-AFRICA,"SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA",VICTIMIZATION,VIOLENCE	None	None
WoS	WOS:000296921600001	Impact of Integrated Family Planning and HIV Care Services on Contraceptive Use and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study	Carter, E. Jane,Kiarie, James,Kosgei, Rose J.,Lubano, Kizito M.,Mabeya, Hillary,Musick, Beverly S.,Mwangi, Ann,Shen, Changyu,Siika, Abraham M.,Wools-Kaloustian, Kara K.	2011	JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES	58	5	10.1097/QAI.0b013e318237ca80	Brown University, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indiana University System, Moi University, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), University of Nairobi, KEMRI, USAID AMPATH Partnership	"Kiarie, James: University of Nairobi","Kosgei, Rose J.: United States Agency for International Development (USAID)","Shen, Changyu: Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis","Shen, Changyu: Indiana University System",	Objective: To determine the impact of routine care (RC) and integrated family planning (IFP) and HIV care service on family planning (FP) uptake and pregnancy outcomes. Design: Retrospective cohort study conducted between October 10, 2005, and February 28, 2009. Setting: United States Agency for International Development-Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (USAID-AMPATH) in western Kenya. Subjects: Records of adult HIV-infected women. Intervention: Integration of FP into one of the care teams. Primary Outcomes Measures: Incidence of FP methods and pregnancy. Results: Four thousand thirty-one women (1453 IFP; 2578 RC) were eligible. Among the IFP group, there was a 16.7% increase (P, 0.001) [95% confidence interval (CI): 13.2% to 20.2%] in incidence of condom use, 12.9% increase (P, 0.001) (95% CI: 9.4% to 16.4%) in incidence of FP use including condoms, 3.8% reduction (P &lt; 0.001) (95% CI: 1.9% to 5.6%) in incidence of FP use excluding condoms, and 0.1% increase (P = 0.9) (95% CI: -1.9% to 2.1%) in incidence of pregnancies. The attributable risk of the incidence rate per 100 person-years of IFP and RC for new condom use was 16.4 (95% CI: 11.9 to 21.0), new FP use including condoms was 13.5 (95% CI: 8.7 to 18.3), new FP use excluding condoms was -3.0 (95% CI: -4.6 to -1.4) and new cases of pregnancies was 1.2 (95% CI: -0.6 to 3.0). Conclusions: Integrating FP services into HIV care significantly increased the use of modern FP methods but no impact on pregnancy incidence. HIV programs need to consider integrating FP into their program structure.	"HIV care","integrating family planning services","RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY","USAID-AMPATH partnership","ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",EXPERIENCE,FERTILITY,INFECTION,KENYA,SURVIVAL,TRANSMISSION,UGANDA,WOMEN	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859355976	Performance Management in Public Sector Enterprises: A Case Analysis of Employees' Perceptions in the Electricity Company of Ghana (ECG)	Mmieh F., Mordi C., Singh S., Asiedu-Appiah F.	2011	Journal of African Business	12	3	10.1080/15228916.2011.621847	Brunel University Business School, Uxbridge, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Mmieh, F., Brunel University Business School, Uxbridge, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Mordi, C., Brunel University Business School, Uxbridge, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Singh, S., Brunel University Business School, Uxbridge, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Asiedu-Appiah, F., Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	In this article, the authors critically assess the performance management (PM) policies and practices in a public sector company, namely the Electricity Corporation of Ghana. The study has gone some way to 'close the gap' in the literature by making a significant contribution toward our understanding of some of the perceptions of and challenges employees face with performance management in an African context. Quantitative analysis of available evidence reveals that employees are generally content with the implementation of the PM system in the Electricity Corporation of Ghana but are skeptical about some of the practices under the guise of PM. © 2011 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	electricity company of ghana (ECG); human resource management (HRM); performance management; public sector enterprise (PSE)	electricity industry; human resource; implementation process; industrial enterprise; industrial performance; industrial practice; management; public sector; Ghana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-66949134549	Factors impacting on organisational learning in three rural health districts	Vermaak K.P., Reid S.J., Horwood C.M.	2009	South African Family Practice	51	2	None	Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Vermaak, K.P., Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Reid, S.J., Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Horwood, C.M., Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Background: Access to quality health care in rural areas may be compromised not only by the inadequate numbers of skilled professional staff, but also by the lack of skills of the health professionals who are employed in rural facilities, due to inadequate continual professional learning and staff development. The objective of this paper is to examine the factors impacting on professional staff attendance of informal learning sessions in rural district hospitals and primary healthcare clinics. Methods: Structured, self-administered surveys, adapted from the Dimensions of a Learning Organization Questionnaire, were completed by professional staff on duty during data collection in 18 rural hospitals and their associated primary healthcare services facilities in three rural districts. The impacts of characteristics of staff, such as age, gender, professional experience and length of service, staffing levels, and the dimensions of a learning organisation, viz leadership, culture of change and teamwork, on attendance of learning sessions were considered. Results: Among professional nurses, attendance of learning sessions was significantly associated with the number of years of professional experience, length of service at the health facility, and scores on the teamwork dimension. While in the case of professional nurses attendance was not correlated with the staffing levels, the percentage of posts filled at the respective facilities and the assessment of hospital leadership as being supportive of learning were significant predictors of attendance among doctors. Conclusions: Despite severe staff shortages in these rural districts, at facilities where there was a perception of leadership and teamwork the professional staff generally attended learning sessions.	Leadership; Organisational learning; Teamwork	adult; article; female; health care access; health care facility; health care organization; health care personnel; health care quality; health service; health survey; human; learning; male; medical staff; physician; professional practice; public hospital; questionnaire; rural health care; skill; teamwork	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67649118525	Competitive strategy, environmental characteristics and performance in African emerging economies: Lessons from firms in Ghana	Acquaah M., Adjei M.C., Mensa-Bonsu I.F.	2008	Journal of African Business	9	1	10.1080/15228910802052732	Bryan School of Business and Economics, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26165, Greensboro, NC 27402, United States; Community Water and Sanitation Agency, Sunyani, Ghana; Department of Planning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Acquaah, M., Bryan School of Business and Economics, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26165, Greensboro, NC 27402, United States; Adjei, M.C., Community Water and Sanitation Agency, Sunyani, Ghana; Mensa-Bonsu, I.F., Department of Planning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	This paper examines the impact of the implementation of competitive strategy on organizational performance in response to economic liberalization policies using survey data from organizations in Ghana. We also examine how the perceived intensity of industry competition and industry sector moderate the relationship between competitive strategy and organizational performance. The results show that the implementation of the competitive strategies of low-cost, differentiation, and integrated low-cost and differentiation were all positively related to performance (return on assets and return on sales). We also find that both industry competition and industry sector moderate the relationship between differentiation strategy and return on assets. Moreover, industry competition moderates the relationships between both low-cost and differentiation strategies and return on sales. The results indicate that implementing a clearly defined competitive strategy is beneficial to organizations experiencing significant changes in the environment due to economic liberalization. The findings also suggest that while low-cost strategy is more beneficial to organizations in a highly competitive industry, differentiation strategy is more beneficial to firms in lowly competitive industry. At the same time, organizations in the manufacturing sector benefit more than those in the service sector when they implement the differentiation strategy. Managerial implications are presented. © 2008 by The Haworth Press. All rights reserved.	African emerging economies; Competitive strategy; Economic liberalization; Industry competition; Industry sector; Organizational performance	corporate strategy; economic policy; implementation process; industrial competition; industrial performance; industrial structure; manufacturing; Africa; Ghana; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897885776	Evaluation of the resistance of German cultivars of maize and sorghum to Maize streak virus	Drechsler N., Thieme T., Shepherd D.N., Schubert J.	2014	Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection	121	1	None	BTL Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide, Thünenplatz 1, 18190 Groß Lüsewitz, Germany; University of Cape Town, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa; Julius Kuehn-Institute, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany	Drechsler, N., BTL Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide, Thünenplatz 1, 18190 Groß Lüsewitz, Germany; Thieme, T., BTL Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide, Thünenplatz 1, 18190 Groß Lüsewitz, Germany; Shepherd, D.N., University of Cape Town, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa; Schubert, J., Julius Kuehn-Institute, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany	Maize streak virus (MSV) is the cause of one of the most devastating maize diseases in Africa. It is transmitted by leafhoppers of the genus Cicadulina. Due to the changing climate it is possible that species of this genus capable of transmitting MSV will become established and spread the virus in Europe. There is no data on the level of resistance of cultivars of European maize to MSV. The susceptibility of three maize and 15 sorghum cultivars, and Miscanthus × giganteus was investigated using agroinoculation with the virus. DAS-ELISA and a newly developed real time quantitative PCR was used to determine the concentration of virus. All three cultivars of maize were susceptible to MSV administered using agroinoculation, although there were significant differences in the levels of susceptibility. The 15 culti-vars of sorghum and Miscanthus were resistant to MSV. Transmission tests using Cicadulina mbila as the vector confirmed the resistance of two of the cultivars of sorghum and Miscanthus. Agroinoculation can only be carried out under S2 biosafety conditions. Therefore, the persistence of agro-bacteria in the plants was investigated. Five weeks after agroinoculation, the bacteria were no longer found in the above-ground parts of the plants, but still persisted in the roots of some plants. Transmission tests with an indigenous species of leafhopper, Psammotettix alienus, a vector of the related geminivirus Wheat dwarf virus, revealed that this species is not capable of transmitting MSV. Virus was found only in the body of these insects and not in their heads, which is necessary for persistent transmission through salivary glands. © Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart.	Agroinfection; Agroinoculation; Bioenergy crops; Climate change; Leafhoppers; Miscanthus; MSV; Realtime PCR	bioenergy; biosafety; climate variation; cultivar; disease resistance; disease severity; disease transmission; energy crop; maize; polymerase chain reaction; real time; sorghum; viral disease; Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952657042	Farmer evaluation of phosphorus fertilizer application to annual legumes in Chisepo, central Malawi	Kamanga B.C.G., Whitbread A., Wall P., Waddington S.R., Almekinders C., Giller K.E.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	8	None	Bunda College of Agriculture, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, P. M. B. 2, Glen Osmond 5064, Australia; CIMMYT, P.O. Box MP163, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Social Science, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AT Wageningen, Netherlands; Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AT Wageningen, Netherlands	Kamanga, B.C.G., Bunda College of Agriculture, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi; Whitbread, A., CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, P. M. B. 2, Glen Osmond 5064, Australia; Wall, P., CIMMYT, P.O. Box MP163, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Waddington, S.R., CIMMYT, P.O. Box MP163, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Almekinders, C., Department of Social Science, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AT Wageningen, Netherlands; Giller, K.E., Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AT Wageningen, Netherlands	Building from the perception that farmers have an intimate knowledge of their local environment, production problems, crop priorities and criteria for evaluation, an on-farm experiment was conducted with farmers in 2003/4 in Chisepo, central Malawi, to evaluate the response of six annual legumes to phosphorus (P) (20 kg P ha-1 or no P fertilizer) application. The legumes were velvet bean, pigeonpea, soyabean, groundnut, bunch-type cowpea and Bambara groundnut. Twelve farmers hosted the experiments and each farmer formed a group of at least 4 other farmers to evaluate the legumes. Farmer participatory monitoring and evaluation of the legume and P combinations was conducted during the experiment to determine farmer preferences and acceptance of the technology. Measured grain yields, returns to labour and total costs of the P-fertilized legumes were compared with those for the unfertilized legumes. The application of P fertilizer significantly (P = 0.05) increased legume grain yields, particularly with velvet bean, and soyabean. However, use of P was not financially attractive and farmers were not interested to use P at the time. Farmers were more interested to maximize legume food production from their labour investment. Soyabean, groundnut and pigeonpea, grain legumes with high value as food, were considered to be priority crops by farmers over velvet bean, cowpea and Bambara groundnut. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Farmer participation; Financial analysis; Grain legume; Monitoring and evaluation; Phosphorus; Soil fertility	Arachis hypogaea; Bambara; Cajanus cajan; Glycine max; Mucuna	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886018169	Performance of different potato genotypes under aeroponics system	Chiipanthenga M., Maliro M., Demo P., Njoloma J., Khumar N.	2013	Journal of Applied Horticulture	15	2	None	Bunda College of Agriculture, University of Malawi, Njuli-Estate, Malawi; Kasinthula Research Station, Department of Agricultural Research Services, Njuli-Estate, Malawi; International Potato Center (CIP), Njuli-Estate, Malawi; Universal Farming and Milling Ltd., Njuli-Estate, Malawi; World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF Southern Africa, Kenya	Chiipanthenga, M., Bunda College of Agriculture, University of Malawi, Njuli-Estate, Malawi, Kasinthula Research Station, Department of Agricultural Research Services, Njuli-Estate, Malawi; Maliro, M., Bunda College of Agriculture, University of Malawi, Njuli-Estate, Malawi; Demo, P., International Potato Center (CIP), Njuli-Estate, Malawi; Njoloma, J., Bunda College of Agriculture, University of Malawi, Njuli-Estate, Malawi, World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF Southern Africa, Kenya; Khumar, N., Universal Farming and Milling Ltd., Njuli-Estate, Malawi	Potato yields in developing countries are below potential yield because potato production is mainly constrained by lack of quality seed. Lack of potato seed systems to provide farmers with quality clean and certified potato seed has led majority of farmers save their own seed. Such potato seed is characterized by systemic viral and bacterial diseases that are transmitted from generation to generation and this leads to low crop yields. The study was aimed at exploring the use of tissue culture and aeroponics techniques in the production of quality potato seed. Potato plantlets were produced in the tissue culture laboratory at Bvumbwe Research Station, 15° 41′ 0″ South, 35° 8′ 0″ East in Thyolo district of Malawi and then transferred to an aeroponics facility at Njuli Estate, 15° 41′ 0″ South, 35° 8′ 0″ East in Chiradzulu district of Malawi. The four potato genotypes did not differ on plant growth performance, but responded differently to aeroponics system in terms of mini tuber yield and stolon numbers. Genotypes CIP381381.20 and CIP381381.13 showed superiority among the other tested genotypes in terms of tuber number per plant. Genotype CIP381381.20 produced significantly higher number of stolons than the rest. In this study, on an average 30 tubers were produced per plant under aeroponics system which is six times more than the conventional (use of soil-based substrate) seed potato production system under screen house conditions (5 tubers per plant) under Malawian conditions.	Aeroponics; Potato; Potato genotypes; Potato seed; Solanum tuberosum; Tissue culture	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846700819	The economic impact of HIV/AIDS on small, medium and large enterprises	Ellis L.L.	2006	South African Journal of Economics	74	4	10.1111/j.1813-6982.2006.00093.x	Bureau for Economic Research, Stellenbosch University, W Cape, South Africa	Ellis, L.L., Bureau for Economic Research, Stellenbosch University, W Cape, South Africa	Based on the Bureau of Economic Research (BER's) 2005 HIV/AIDS survey, this paper provides a snapshot view of the nature and the extent of the impact of HIV/AIDS on companies of different sizes in South Africa, as well as their response to the epidemic. Whereas the focus of most of the previous workplace surveys has been on "evaluating workplace responses", the present study also considers the economic impact of HIV/AIDS. This study provides evidence of the impact of HIV/AIDS on the largest sample of small, medium and large companies in South Africa to date. The survey results suggest that employer responses are strongly linked to company size, with the majority of medium and large companies indicating that they have an HIV/AIDS policy in place and small companies having done little in the way of action against the epidemic. © 2006 The Author. Journal compilation © 2006 Economic Society of South Africa.	Company size; Economic impact; HIV/AIDS; Survey	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; debt; economic development; economic impact; human immunodeficiency virus; small and medium-sized enterprise; workplace; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Ziziphus mauritiana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955574326	Effect of furrow length and flow rate on the performance of short-furrows used to irrigate potatoes in Gojam, Ethiopia	Eshetu S., Tilahun K., Zerihun D.	2009	International Agricultural Engineering Journal	18	42433	None	Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Haramaya University, P.O.Box 45, Ethiopia; University of Arizona, Yuma Agricultural Center, Yuma, AZ 85721, United States; School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia	Eshetu, S., Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Tilahun, K., Haramaya University, P.O.Box 45, Ethiopia, School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia; Zerihun, D., University of Arizona, Yuma Agricultural Center, Yuma, AZ 85721, United States	A field study was conducted to evaluate existing irrigation management practices in small-scale farm holdings in northwest Ethiopia. In this study, the effect of furrow length, as well as flow rate on irrigation performance, crop yield, and water use was studied. The field experiment was arranged in a split plot design; furrow length as main plot and flow rate as sub-plot. Each treatment has three levels; 10, 25, and 40 m furrow lengths and 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 L/s flow rates. Irrigation performance indicators are: application efficiency, Ea, storage efficiency, Es, distribution uniformity, DU, runoff fraction, Rf, deep percolation fraction, Df, yield, Y, water use efficiency, WUE. The effect of furrow length was statistically significant (p&lt;0.05) on all performance indices except E, and flow rate has shown significant effect on all performance indices (p&lt;0.05). The ranges of measured values of Ea, Es, DU, Rf and Df were 18-34%; 46-80%; 93-98%; 81-95%; 11-57%; and 25-47% respectively. Both furrow length and flow rate had a significant effect on yield and WUE at p&lt;0.05. The ranges of crop yield and WUE found in the study were 17-32 t/ha and 2.1-4.1 Kg/m3 respectively. Crop yield and WUE have shown a decreasing trend as furrow length increases and increases as flow rate increases.	None	Crop yield; Deep percolation; Distribution uniformity; Ethiopia; Field experiment; Field studies; Irrigation management; Irrigation performance; Performance indices; Split plot designs; Storage efficiency; Water use; Water use efficiency; Benchmarking; Biochemical oxygen demand; Irrigation; Solvents; Water supply; Crops; Solanum tuberosum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951723791	Evaluation of entomopathogenic fungi against Cataenococcus ensete [Williams and Matile-Ferrero, (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae)] on enset	Lemawork S., Azerefegne F., Alemu T., Addis T., Blomme G.	2011	Crop Protection	30	4	10.1016/j.cropro.2010.12.018	Bureau of Agriculture, Plant Protection Laboratory, Awassa, Ethiopia; Hawassa University, College of Agriculture, P.O. Box 05, Awassa, Ethiopia; Southern Agricultural Research Institute (SARI), Awassa Research Center, P.O. Box 06, Awassa, Ethiopia; Bioversity International, P.O. Box 24384, Kampala, Uganda	Lemawork, S., Bureau of Agriculture, Plant Protection Laboratory, Awassa, Ethiopia; Azerefegne, F., Hawassa University, College of Agriculture, P.O. Box 05, Awassa, Ethiopia; Alemu, T., Hawassa University, College of Agriculture, P.O. Box 05, Awassa, Ethiopia; Addis, T., Southern Agricultural Research Institute (SARI), Awassa Research Center, P.O. Box 06, Awassa, Ethiopia; Blomme, G., Bioversity International, P.O. Box 24384, Kampala, Uganda	Enset root mealybug, Cataenococcus ensete Williams and Matile-Ferrero, (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) is an economically important pest on enset. Adults and nymphs of overlapping generations feed on the corms and roots of enset and are difficult to control once established. Isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnickoff) Sorokin that originated from Ethiopia were evaluated for their efficacies against enset root mealybugs under laboratory, pots and field conditions. Of the tested isolates, two strains (FF and PPRC-56) of B. bassiana were found to be highly pathogenic to adults, causing 97 and 100% mortality, respectively 20 days after inoculation under laboratory conditions. On the other hand, the isolates PPRC-56, FF, PPRC-6 and Mm induced mean mortalities of 97, 95, 96 and 83%, respectively, to the adult enset root mealybugs on the pot experiment, and 51.33, 38.67, 29.33 and 19.33% mortality at the first site and 54.00, 42.67, 32.00 and 25.33% at the second site, respectively, in field experiments. The study showed B. bassiana and M. anisopliae can be used in the integrated management of enset root mealybug. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.	Beauveria bassiana; Cataenococcus ensete; Enset root mealybug; Ethiopia; Metarhizium anisopliae	entomopathogenic organism; fungus; inoculation; insect; integrated pest management; monocotyledon; mortality; pest species; Ethiopia; Bulnesia sarmienti; Cordyceps bassiana; Ensete; Fungi; Hemiptera; Metarhizium anisopliae; Pseudococcidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84948716239	The utility of stakeholder involvement in the evaluation of community-based health promotion programmes	Owusu-Addo E., Edusah S.E., Sarfo-Mensah P.	2015	International Journal of Health Promotion and Education	53	6	10.1080/14635240.2015.1030033	Bureau of Integrated Rural Development (BIRD), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana	Owusu-Addo, E., Bureau of Integrated Rural Development (BIRD), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Edusah, S.E., Bureau of Integrated Rural Development (BIRD), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Sarfo-Mensah, P., Bureau of Integrated Rural Development (BIRD), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana	Community-based health promotion programmes (CBHPPs) deal with cross cutting issues (social, economic, environmental) and utilise issue-based, population-based and setting-based approaches in programme planning, implementation and evaluation with the aim of empowering individuals and communities to gain control over the determinants of health. This multifaceted nature of CBHPPs has resulted in a number of questions particularly regarding the level of stakeholder involvement in evaluating such programmes. Evaluation is seen as one of the ways to provide evidence to inform health promotion decision-making and practice. Community programme implementers and lay people have lamented that evaluations are often imposed on them without recognition for the uniqueness of their community, its programmes, resources and skills. The aim of this paper is to critically examine the utility of stakeholder involvement in the evaluation of CBHPPs. We first explore the nature of CBHPPs and the methods of gathering evidence via evaluation. This is followed by a critical examination of the value of stakeholder involvement in evaluating CBHPPs. The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion is used to conceptualise the paper with specific examples of stakeholder involvement in evaluation of CBHPPs used to support our arguments. The paper concludes that stakeholder involvement in evaluation of CBHPPs is of importance considering the empowerment and participation values of health promotion. As evaluation is done with people and not on people, stakeholder involvement should be central to the evaluation of CBHPPs rather than adopting an approach whereby the researcher is completely detached from the programme stakeholders particularly the community. © 2015 Institute of Health Promotion and Education.	Community-based health promotion programmes; Epistemology; Evaluation; Stakeholder	Article; community program; decision making; evidence based practice; health care planning; health promotion; human; program evaluation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-23944479221	The impact of the use of energy sources on the quality of life of poor communities	Martins J.	2005	Social Indicators Research	72	3	10.1007/s11205-004-5583-z	Bureau of Market Research, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, Unisa 0003, South Africa	Martins, J., Bureau of Market Research, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, Unisa 0003, South Africa	Over the last few decades, the energy literature has been dominated by a theory of transition. The theory of transition is based on the notion that households gradually ascend an 'energy ladder', which begins with traditional biomass fuels (firewood and charcoal), moves through modern commercial fuels (kerosene and liquid petroleum gas (LPG)) and culminates with the advent of electricity. The ascent of the 'energy body', though not fully understood, is thought to be associated with rising income and increasing levels of urbanisation. Empirical evidence on energy and poverty issues has been to suggest that reality is rather more complex than the simple transitional theory would appear to suggest. To choose an appropriate set of indicators to measure the impact of electrification, this paper takes three basic different perspectives on human welfare, namely, basic needs, monetary, and non-monetary into consideration. According to the basic needs approach, welfare relates to people's ability to satisfy their basic material needs. In the monetary approach it is a generally accepted view that the purchasing power of the household provides the best overall indicator of welfare. According to the non-monetary approach there has been a trend towards complementing economic measures of deprivation with non-monetary measures to obtain a multidimensional view of human well being, particularly by tracking health and education indicators. In the rest of the paper the two primary research projects conducted in two provinces in South Africa, namely KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo, will be discussed. The one research project is still in process. However, the methodology will be discussed. In this project a comparison will be made of households' experiences in villages with and without electricity to see if and to what extent electrification contributed to the welfare of the communities. In the second project households were interviewed about their experiences in the use of paraffin as source of energy. © Springer 2005.	Accidents; Electricity; Energy sources; Firewood; Needs; Paraffin; Poor; Welfare	electrification; energy resource; energy use; low income population; quality of life; welfare impact; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; KwaZulu-Natal; Limpopo; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; World	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867363043	What's in a name? The effect of a brand name on consumers' evaluation of fresh milk	Joubert J.P., Poalses J.	2012	International Journal of Consumer Studies	36	4	10.1111/j.1470-6431.2011.01065.x	Bureau of Market Research, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa	Joubert, J.P., Bureau of Market Research, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; Poalses, J., Bureau of Market Research, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa	It is commonly accepted that packaged fresh milk available from reputable retail outlets taste the same and that when consumers choose between relatively similar products, such as milk, the purchasing decision tends to become simplified by considering product images and relying on brand names with clear and positive associations. One may thus ask whether the brand name of milk can influence consumers' evaluation of the actual sensory taste delivery. A quasi-experimental milk tasting was conducted to investigate this question. The procedure involved 312 participants who assessed milk from various milk brands that were decanted from either branded or unbranded packaging. The findings confirmed that the subjective associations bestowed on a brand name do indeed influence the way in which consumers experience the taste delivery of a milk product. This poses a challenge to milk brand manufacturers to identify alternative ways in which they could differentiate milk product offerings from competitor brands in order to retain or establish positive brand associations and ultimately ensure consumer loyalty. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Brand association; Brand name; Consumer liking; Fresh milk; Quasi-experimental design	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34748814296	Evaluation of groundwater quality characteristics in Lagos-City	Yusuf K.A.	2007	Journal of Applied Sciences	7	13	None	Department of Chemistry, Lagos State University Ojo, P.M.B. 1087, Apapa, Lagos, Nigeria	Yusuf, K.A., Department of Chemistry, Lagos State University Ojo, P.M.B. 1087, Apapa, Lagos, Nigeria	Most of the water requirement for Lagos is met from surface and ground water supplies. Lagos an industrial and highly populated city located in the Southwest Nigeria has urban migration problems and resource limitations. However, as found in many cities, a certain proportion of the population is forced to rely on the well water as sources of drinking water, a poor drinking water quality that may have health consequences. A study was therefore carried out to gain an idea of the inorganic quality of the water in the wells penetrating the shallow (< 20 m thick) alluvial aquifer in the city. Results from this study revealed that some of the ground water quality constituents exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) standards for drinking water irrespective of the sources of pollution: the total dissolved solids limit in 50%, the conductivity limit in 27.8%, the lead limit in 38.9%, the pH limit in 44.4% and the sodium and calcium limits in 11.1% of the samples. Thus, ground water from some of these wells requires further purification to ensure its fitness for human consumption. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Aquifer; Ground water; Water quality constituents; Wells	Conductivity limit; Ground-water qualities; Health consequences; Resource limitations; Surface and ground waters; Total dissolved solids; Water requirements; World Health Organization; Aquifers; Groundwater; Groundwater pollution; Health; Water quality; Water supply; Wells; Groundwater resources	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-60849092886	The impact of shopping mall development on small township retailers	Ligthelm A.A.	2008	South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences	11	1	None	Bureau of Market Research, University of South Africa, South Africa	Ligthelm, A.A., Bureau of Market Research, University of South Africa, South Africa	The retail sector forms a critical element of a community's economic and social welfare. It provides people with choices and services. These choices were until recently very limited in township areas. The pre-1994 retail landscape was dominated by small, often informal businesses offering basic household necessities to relatively low income earners. This has resulted in township residents' preference to shop outside townships, known as 'outshopping'. Rapid income growth of township residents since 1994 resulted in a substantial increase in consumer expenditure in these areas, known as 'in-bound shopping'. This lucrative emerging market forms the last retail frontier in South Africa and is being explored by national retailers, especially supermarket chains. This article is aimed at establishing the impact of shopping mall development in townships on the traditional small township retailers including spaza/tuck shops. The net balance sheet on the impact of shopping mall development on small township retailers clearly suggests a decline in the township retailers' market share. A change in small business model towards, inter alia, effective customer service with a small dedicated assortment of merchandise, satisfaction of emergency needs, selling in small units and extension of credit facilities may result in the survival of some small township retailers (albeit often at a smaller turnover).	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905051742	Economic impact of foot and mouth disease outbreaks on smallholder farmers in Ethiopia	Jemberu W.T., Mourits M.C.M., Woldehanna T., Hogeveen H.	2014	Preventive Veterinary Medicine	116	42371	10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.06.004	Business Economics Group, Wageningen University, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN Wageningen, Netherlands; Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia; Department of Economics, College of Business and Economics, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Jemberu, W.T., Business Economics Group, Wageningen University, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN Wageningen, Netherlands, Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia; Mourits, M.C.M., Business Economics Group, Wageningen University, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN Wageningen, Netherlands; Woldehanna, T., Department of Economics, College of Business and Economics, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Hogeveen, H., Business Economics Group, Wageningen University, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN Wageningen, Netherlands	Foot and mouth disease is endemic in Ethiopia with occurrences of several outbreaks every year. Quantitative information about the impact of the disease on smallholder farming systems in the country is, however, scarce. This study presents a quantitative assessment of the clinical and direct economic impacts of foot and mouth disease outbreaks on household level in smallholder livestock farming systems. Impacts were assessed based on data obtained from case outbreaks in cattle in crop-livestock mixed and pastoral smallholder farming systems that occurred in 2012 and 2013. Data were collected by using questionnaires administered to 512 smallholder farmers in six districts within two administrate zones that represent the two smallholder farming systems. Foot and mouth disease morbidity rates of 85.2% and 94.9% at herd level; and 74.3% and 60.8% at animal level in the affected herds were determined for crop-livestock mixed system and pastoral system, respectively. The overall and calf specific mortality rates were 2.4% and 9.7% for the crop-livestock mixed system, and 0.7% and 2.6% for the pastoral system, respectively. Herd level morbidity rate was statistically significantly higher in the pastoral system than in the crop-livestock mixed system (P<. 0.001). The economic losses of foot and mouth disease outbreak due to milk loss, draft power loss and mortality were on average USD 76 per affected herd and USD 9.8 per head of cattle in the affected herds in crop-livestock mixed system; and USD 174 per affected herd and USD 5.3 per head of cattle in the affected herds in the pastoral system. The herd level economic losses were statistically significantly higher for the pastoral system than for the crop-livestock mixed system (P<. 0.001). The major loss due to the disease occurred as a result of milk losses and draft power losses whereas mortality losses were relatively low. Although the presented estimates on the economic losses accounted only for the visible direct impacts of the disease on herd level, these conservative estimates signify a potential socioeconomic gain from a control intervention. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Cattle; Economic; Ethiopia; Foot and mouth disease; Morbidity; Smallholder farming system	Animalia; Bos; Bovinae; animal; animal husbandry; bovine; Cattle Diseases; economics; epidemic; Ethiopia; Foot and mouth disease virus; Foot-and-Mouth Disease; physiology; veterinary; virology; Bovinae; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Disease Outbreaks; Ethiopia; Foot-and-Mouth Disease; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-53649110745	Classroom goal structure and students' cognitive performance	Nwokocha P.I., Akpomi M.E., Nnadi M.A.	2008	European Journal of Scientific Research	19	4	None	Business Education Department, Faculty of Technical and Science Education, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria	Nwokocha, P.I., Business Education Department, Faculty of Technical and Science Education, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Akpomi, M.E., Business Education Department, Faculty of Technical and Science Education, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Nnadi, M.A., Business Education Department, Faculty of Technical and Science Education, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria	Over the past 25 years, achievement goal theory has emerged as one of the most prominent theories of achievement motivation. This study uses an achievement goal framework to examine the influence of classroom goal structure on students' academic performance and attitude toward mathematics. Three hundred and fifty (350) students in four, non-residential co-educational secondary schools were randomly assigned to experimental and control structures. Students in each structure were exposed to the learning strategies of the structure they were in. The control group had no instructions; it was simply the convention class. Data on the relevant variables were obtained from the mean scores of each structure on the two tests. Using ANOVA for the analysis, the results revealed that students in the co-operative goal structure were significantly different from the students in the competitive, individualistic and control settings in the mathematics achievement test. There was, however, no statistically significant difference among students in all the four modes in the mathematics attitude measure. Implications of the findings are discussed and recommendations made. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2008.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38349113448	Enhancing Nigerian business students' interests and performance in office management through the cooperative learning approach	Koko M.N.	2007	European Journal of Scientific Research	19	1	None	Business Education Department, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Koko, M.N., Business Education Department, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	This study examined the effect of Cooperative Learning Approach (CLA) as an enhancement tool for Business students' interests and performance in Office Management in Nigeria. The sample consisted of 98 final-year students who offered BED 431 in the (2004/2005 academic session) selected through the simple random sampling technique and divided into control and experimental group using balloting. The OMIS and OMAT were the instruments used for data collection. The quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design was adopted in the study. The results revealed that the experimental group, exposed to the Cooperative Learning Approach, exhibited higher interest and performance in Office Management than the Control group taught through the traditional method. It was therefore concluded that Cooperative Learning Approach enhances students' interest and performance and should therefore be adopted by educationists at all levels of education in Nigeria. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2007.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880840505	Relative importance of satisfaction dimensions on service performance: A developing country context	Frimpong K., Wilson A.	2013	Journal of Service Management	24	4	10.1108/JOSM-07-2012-0151	Business School, Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIMPA), Accra, Ghana; Marketing, Strathclyde Business School, Glasgow, United Kingdom	Frimpong, K., Business School, Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIMPA), Accra, Ghana; Wilson, A., Marketing, Strathclyde Business School, Glasgow, United Kingdom	Purpose: This paper seeks to examine the relevance of some existing Western motivation and job design theories in explaining employees' service performance, termed service orientation in delivery, in a developing country context. Design/methodology/approach: The satisfaction-performance thesis and the two factor theory (motivation and hygiene factors) are tested using a case study from a developing economy, Ghana. Survey data were collected from 535 retail bank employees of two large commercial banks across 85 branches in the final phase of the research. Multiple and hierarchical regression as well as split sample analyses were used to examine data. Findings: Overall, the findings indicate some support for the validity and relevance of the satisfaction-service performance thesis even in a non-developed economy. Some outcomes, however, seem to challenge the validity of the two factor theory: context/hygiene satisfaction elements emerged as better predictors of service performance than content/motivator factors. In particular, context satisfaction dimension relating to co-workers appeared to be the most important predictor. Satisfaction with pay and rewards, however, appeared unimportant to the service performance of the bank employees surveyed. Research limitations/implications: As the research was limited to the banking sector from only one developing country, generalisations and applications of its findings should be made with caution. Future studies which provide broader conceptual and empirical views, in terms of how specific co-worker attitudes and behaviours motivate or discourage service-oriented performances in multi-country studies, could be useful. Practical implications: Despite its limitations, the confirmation of the satisfaction-performance thesis in this paper may indicate to managers that some, if not all, of the management theories taught in American/European schools may be equally relevant to developing economies such as Ghana. In addition, the findings provide managers with insights regarding the potential importance of context satisfaction elements to employees' service performance. Originality/value: Overall, the broad findings from the study indicate some support for the relevance of the satisfaction-service performance thesis even in a non-developed economy, characterised by relatively challenging economic conditions. However, some outcomes reported in this paper seem to challenge the validity of the two factor theory and its relevance for job motivation and design. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Customer services quality; Developing countries; Ghana; Job satisfaction; Service orientation; Service quality/performance	None	None
None	None	Evaluating the missing links in the relationship between executives' compensation and firm performance	Mori N., Munisi G.	2014	International Journal of Business and Globalisation	12	3	10.1504/IJBG.2014.060215	Business School, University of Dar Es Salaam, P.O. Box 35046, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Norwegian Centre for Microfinance Research, University of Agder, Postboks 422, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway; Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, University of Agder, Postboks 422, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway	Mori, N., Business School, University of Dar Es Salaam, P.O. Box 35046, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Norwegian Centre for Microfinance Research, University of Agder, Postboks 422, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway; Munisi, G., Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, University of Agder, Postboks 422, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway	The research on the relationship between executive compensation and firm performance is extensive but has produced inconsistent results and, typically, weak explanatory power. One cause of these results is use of an incomplete theoretical framework that ignores some variables that are related to these two concepts. We explore the missing links between them. The paper contributes to scholarly and practical understanding of this important issue in the literature by extending and combining agency theory, upper echelons theory, and motivation theory perspectives. The paper develops a model that describes and explains the interactive relationship between executive managerial ability, executive compensation, strategic choices and firm performance. It puts forward the argument that executive managerial ability is related to strategic choices, and executive compensation moderates this relationship. Additionally, the paper suggests that strategic choice is an important variable that has not been explicitly accounted for in the relationship between compensation and firm performance. Copyright © 2014 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	Executive compensation; Firm performance; Managerial ability; Motivation; Strategic choice	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649439813	Searching for security: Case studies of the impact of work restructuring on households in South Korea, South Africa and Australia	Lambert R., Webster E.	2010	Journal of Industrial Relations	52	5	10.1177/0022185610381672	Business School, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, Australia; University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa	Lambert, R., Business School, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, Australia; Webster, E., University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa	The reconfiguration of the employment relationship - through the growing intensification, informalization and casualization of work, downsizing and retrenchments - impacts directly on workers' households and the communities within which they are embedded. To understand these responses, we need to rethink the way we study the changing employment relationship. Employment relations should not only analyse the workplace: we need to research workers in the totality of their lives. To comprehend these processes we surveyed and interviewed workers in the workplace and in their households and communities. Through following workers into their homes and communities in South Africa, Australia and South Korea, the differential impact of the global restructuring of one industry, the white goods industry, on the non-working life of working people emerged. Two types of responses were identified: on the one hand, a retreat from, or an adaptation to, rapid market liberalization; on the other, mobilization to challenge the market. All three research sites evidenced innovative attempts at the local level to search for security. However, these responses lacked an overall vision of alternative possibilities to the realities of the free market paradigm of globalization. © Industrial Relations Society of Australia.	employment relations; globalization; households; security; white goods; workplace industrial relations	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928655062	Comparative evaluation of dynamic mechanical properties of epoxy composites reinforced with woven fabrics from sansevieria (Sansevieria infasciata) fibres and banana (Musa sapientum) fibres [Primerjalna ocena dinamičnih mehanskih lastnosti epoksi kompozit	Rwawiire S., Okello J., Habbi G.	2014	Tekstilec	57	4	10.14502/Tekstilec2014.57.315-320	Busitema University Uganda, Department of Textile and Ginning Engineering, P. O. Box 236, Tororo, Busitema, Uganda; Technical University of Liberec, Department of Material Engineering, Studentská2 1, Liberec, Czech Republic	Rwawiire, S., Busitema University Uganda, Department of Textile and Ginning Engineering, P. O. Box 236, Tororo, Busitema, Uganda, Technical University of Liberec, Department of Material Engineering, Studentská2 1, Liberec, Czech Republic; Okello, J., Busitema University Uganda, Department of Textile and Ginning Engineering, P. O. Box 236, Tororo, Busitema, Uganda; Habbi, G., Busitema University Uganda, Department of Textile and Ginning Engineering, P. O. Box 236, Tororo, Busitema, Uganda	Globally, sustainable materials that are environmentally friendly and the path towards sustainable development are needed. Natural plant fibre utilization in various industries has seen a surge, especially in the automotive sector. Natural fibres such as from Sansevieria and banana pseudostem are readily available and have considerable mechanical properties that make them good candidates for reinforcement epoxy resins. The dynamic mechanical properties (DMA) of Sansevieria (Sansevieria trifasciata) and banana pseudostem (Musa sapientum) woven fibre epoxy composites are discussed. The results show that the optimum temperature range of application of the Sansevieria and banana epoxy composites is up to 50 °C The glass transition temperature, Tg, obtained from the curves of mechanical damping factor (tan 6) was 100 °C and 120 °C for Sansevieria and banana fibre epoxy composites, respectively.	Banana fibre; DMA; Epoxy composite; Musa sapientum; Sansevieria trifasciata	Automotive industry; Dynamics; Epoxy resins; Fruits; Glass transition; Mechanical properties; Reinforcement; Weaving; Banana fibres; DMA; Epoxy composite; Musa sapientum; Sansevieria trifasciata; Fibers	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901472973	Impact of seed voucher system on income inequality and Rice income per hectare among rural households in Nigeria: A Randomized Control Trial (RCT) approach	Awotide B.A., Awoyemi T.T., Salman K.K., Diagne A.	2013	Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture	52	2	None	C/o Africa Rice Centre, International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), University of Ibadan, P.M.B. 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Africa Rice Centre, Cotonou, Benin	Awotide, B.A., C/o Africa Rice Centre, International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), University of Ibadan, P.M.B. 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Awoyemi, T.T., C/o Africa Rice Centre, International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), University of Ibadan, P.M.B. 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Salman, K.K., C/o Africa Rice Centre, International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), University of Ibadan, P.M.B. 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Diagne, A., Africa Rice Centre, Cotonou, Benin	The Seed Voucher System (SVS) was adopted by the Emergency Rice Initiative (ERI) to grant fanners access to certified improved seed, in order to mitigate the adverse effect of the 2008 global food crisis on resource poor farmers in rural Nigeria. This study examined the impact of the SVS on income inequality reduction and rice income per hectare among rice farming households in Nigeria. Structured questionnaire was used to collect Baseline (2008) and post-voucher (2010) data, using multistage sampling procedure. Using Randomized Control Trial approach, 160 farmers out of the 600 rice fanners randomly selected in 2008 received the seed voucher (treated), and others did not (control). The results revealed that poverty and income inequality declined significantly after the intervention. The SVS also lead to significant increase in rice income per hectare. Therefore, the use of seed vouches to grant farmers access to production inputs could actually be a way out of the endemic poverty situation in rural Nigeria and can also be used to redistribute income among rural households in Nigeria.	Impact; Income inequality; LATE; Nigeria; Poverty; Rice; Voucher	agricultural worker; baseline survey; crop production; farming system; household income; poverty; questionnaire survey; rice; rural society; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34748873222	Impact of β2-adrenoreceptor gene variants on cardiac cavity size and systolic function in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy	Badenhorst D., Norton G.R., Sliwa K., Brooksbank R., Essop R., Sareli P., Woodiwiss A.J.	2007	Pharmacogenomics Journal	7	5	10.1038/sj.tpj.6500426	Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, Schools of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Medicine (Division of Cardiology, Chris-Hani Baragwanath Hospital), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Badenhorst, D., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, Schools of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Norton, G.R., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, Schools of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Sliwa, K., Medicine (Division of Cardiology, Chris-Hani Baragwanath Hospital), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Brooksbank, R., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, Schools of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Essop, R., Medicine (Division of Cardiology, Chris-Hani Baragwanath Hospital), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Sareli, P., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, Schools of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Woodiwiss, A.J., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, Schools of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	In heart failure, the Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu polymorphisms of the β2-adrenoreceptor (β2-AR) gene are associated with exercise-capacity, clinical outcomes and response to β-AR blocker therapy. Whether β2-AR gene variants mediate these effects in-part through an impact on cardiac structural remodeling and pump function independent of the effects of β-blockers is uncertain. We evaluated whether the Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu variants of the β2-AR gene predict left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and LV end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) before and 6 months after receiving standard medical therapy other than β-AR blockers. In all, 394 patients with IDC and 393 age and gender-matched controls were genotyped for the β2-AR gene variants using restriction-fragment length polymorphism-based techniques. LVEF and dimensions were determined in 132 patients (of whom 71 were newly diagnosed) both at baseline and after 6 months. Genotype of neither variant was associated with the presence of IDC. Moreover, β2-AR genotype did not determine LVEF or LV dimensions prior to initiating therapy. After 6 months of therapy, LVEF increased by 7.1 ± 1.0 absolute units (P &lt; 0.0001) and LVEDD decreased by 0.27 ± 0.06cm (P &lt; 0.02). Adjusting for baseline values as well as gender, age, and type of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy received, genotype was associated with neither final LVEF and LVEDD, nor change in LVEF and LVEDD. In conclusion, these data suggest that in heart failure, the functional Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu variants of the β2-AR gene have no independent effect on adverse structural remodeling and pump function.	None	beta 2 adrenergic receptor; beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent; digoxin; dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitor; diuretic agent; enalapril; furosemide; perindopril; trandolapril; beta 2 adrenergic receptor; cardiotonic agent; cardiovascular agent; adult; article; congestive cardiomyopathy; controlled study; female; genetic association; genetic risk; genetic variability; genotype; heart failure; heart left ventricle ejection fraction; heart left ventricle enddiastolic volume; heart left ventricle volume; heart ventricle remodeling; human; major clinical study; male; priority journal; restriction fragment length polymorphism; risk factor; systole; case control study; clinical trial; congestive cardiomyopathy; drug combination; drug effect; gene frequency; genetic predisposition; genetics; haplotype; heart left ventricle function; heart stroke volume; heart ventricle; heart ventricle remodeling; middle aged; pathology; pathophysiology; prospective study; restriction fragment length polymorphism; time; treatment outcome; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Cardiotonic Agents; Cardiovascular Agents; Case-Control Studies; Digoxin; Diuretics; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Furosemide; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Haplotypes; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Prospective Studies; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; Risk Factors; Stroke Volume; Systole; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Ventricular Function, Left; Ventricular Remodeling	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901585540	Impacts of variable energy prices on the financial sustainability of water facilities: Case from Ghana	Tenkorang S.J., Odai S.N., Adjei K.A., Annor F.O., Kwarteng S.O., Nyarko K.B., Abu-Madi M.O.	2014	International Journal of Water	8	2	10.1504/IJW.2014.060966	C/o Ghana Water Company Limited, PPD Department, P.O. Box M194, Head Office, Accra, Ghana; C/o Civil Engineering Department, KNUST, Private Mail Bag, UPO, Kumasi, Ghana; Institute of Environmental and Water Studies, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, Birzeit-the-West-Bank, Palestine	Tenkorang, S.J., C/o Ghana Water Company Limited, PPD Department, P.O. Box M194, Head Office, Accra, Ghana; Odai, S.N., C/o Civil Engineering Department, KNUST, Private Mail Bag, UPO, Kumasi, Ghana; Adjei, K.A., C/o Civil Engineering Department, KNUST, Private Mail Bag, UPO, Kumasi, Ghana; Annor, F.O., C/o Civil Engineering Department, KNUST, Private Mail Bag, UPO, Kumasi, Ghana; Kwarteng, S.O., C/o Civil Engineering Department, KNUST, Private Mail Bag, UPO, Kumasi, Ghana; Nyarko, K.B., C/o Civil Engineering Department, KNUST, Private Mail Bag, UPO, Kumasi, Ghana; Abu-Madi, M.O., Institute of Environmental and Water Studies, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, Birzeit-the-West-Bank, Palestine	Water is conveyed to consumers through systems that generally rely heavily on energy. The dependence on energy is a major challenge to utility providers because of frequent variation in energy prices. This paper assesses the effect of energy price changes on the financial sustainability of water facilities. It further investigates the proportion of energy cost to total costs of water supply. The study is based on a field survey that targeted five small town water systems and 15 water systems existing under the urban water sector in the Greater Accra and Ashanti regions of Ghana. The results show that energy (diesel and electricity) expenditure forms substantial component of water supply cost. The proportions of energy to total supply costs for small town and urban water systems are 31% and 29%, respectively. The total operational costs per water supply stand at 1.19 US$/m3 and 0.44 US$/m3 for small town and urban water systems respectively. The energy costs per water supply for small town and urban water systems are 0.40 US$/m3 and 0.13 US$/m3, respectively. Results further show that diesel-driven water systems are more sensitive to energy price changes than those of electricity-driven systems; therefore making financial profit from diesel-driven systems is highly elastic to diesel price changes. The results thus indicate that urban water systems are more efficient than small town water systems in terms of both energy and operational costs. Copyright © 2014 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	Diesel prices; Electricity prices; Ghana; Sustainability; Water facilities	Electricity; Sustainable development; Water supply; Waterworks; Diesel prices; Electricity prices; Financial sustainability; Ghana; Proportion of energy; Urban water systems; Water facility; Water supply costs; Costs; diesel; electricity; expenditure; field survey; pricing policy; small town; sustainability; water economics; water management; water supply; Ashanti; Ghana; Greater Accra	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78751639243	Impact of Sawah system on rice based farming system in Nigeria	Kolawole A., Oladele O.I., Wakatsuki T.	2010	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	8	3-4 PART 1	None	C/O Hirose Project International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa; Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nara 332-7204, Japan	Kolawole, A., C/O Hirose Project International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria; Oladele, O.I., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa; Wakatsuki, T., Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nara 332-7204, Japan	The importance of rice in Nigeria is no longer the question but rather how to meet the growing demand, reduce import and be self-sufficient. Consumption per capita jumped from 2.9 kg in 1970-1974 to 25 kg in 2004. Production figure increased 6 times within the period to 3.27 million tons for importation figure reaching a climax in 1998 at 1 million ton which accounted for one-third of the total import for West Africa. By 1999, area harvested from rice stood at 2.2 million hectares of which 65% was from rainfed lowland. The major constraints identified by past studies to the realization of the expected potential high rice yield are poor water control measures and poor soil management. The Sawah system offers excellent techniques for water control and soil fertility management. Sawah package consists of Sawah system which is leveled field surrounded by bund with inlet and outlet connecting irrigation and drainage canals, row transplanting of improved variety and the application of fertilizer. Using the Sawah package that was introduced to farmers through on-farm demonstrations in Bida area of Nigeria, rice yield increased to 3- 5 t/ha consistently in the last five years, while traditional system still averaged only 1.5 t/ha. Similarly, the number of farmers adopting the technology was grown from 6 in 2001 to 103 in 2005. The increased yield consequent on the adoption of the Sawah system has influenced the farming system of farmers using the Sawah package such that crops that can be accommodated within the Sawah bunds are introduced after rice harvest and gender distribution of roles within rice growing farming households are affected.	Nigeria; Rice farming system; Sawah system; Soil and water management; Technology adoption	fertilizer; agricultural worker; article; farming system; grain yield; harvest period; human; Nigeria; nonhuman; plant biotechnology; plant development; plant growth; rice; sex determination; soil fertility; soil management	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871891224	Vowel targeted intervention for children with persisting speech difficulties: Impact on intelligibility	Speake J., Stackhouse J., Pascoe M.	2012	Child Language Teaching and Therapy	28	3	10.1177/0265659012453463	Cambridgeshire Community Services NHS Trust, Child Health, Ida Darwin Fulbourn, Cambridge, CB1 9SA, United Kingdom; University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; University of Cape Town, South Africa	Speake, J., Cambridgeshire Community Services NHS Trust, Child Health, Ida Darwin Fulbourn, Cambridge, CB1 9SA, United Kingdom; Stackhouse, J., University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Pascoe, M., University of Cape Town, South Africa	Compared to the treatment of consonant segments, the treatment of vowels is infrequently described in the literature on children's speech difficulties. Vowel difficulties occur less frequently than those with consonants but may have significant impact on intelligibility. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of vowel targeted intervention (VTI) with two 10-year-old children with severe and persisting speech difficulties measures of (a) percentage vowels correct and (b) intelligibility outcomes by peer group listeners were used. Assessment of vowel production was used to design and carry out intervention for each child, the success of which was measured in two ways: comparing (a) percentage of vowels correct before and after the intervention, (b) the percentage of pre- vs. post-intervention utterances understood by a group of typical peer listeners (aged 9 to 11 years). Pre- and post-intervention speech samples (comprising single words, imitated sentences and spontaneous speech) were edited onto a CD for these listeners, who were asked to write down what had been said. The two children with speech difficulties made significant improvement in vowel production as measured by the percentage of vowels correct. The listeners perceived more productions accurately post-intervention than pre-intervention. There was also a reduction in the range of the listeners' misperceptions of target words. VTI was effective in terms of both increasing PVC and intelligibility outcomes as judged by peer group listeners. It is not more complicated to carry out VTI than consonant targeted intervention; this should be considered more often when planning therapy for children where vowels are affected. © The Author(s) 2012.	intelligibility; intervention; peer-group listeners; persisting speech difficulties; treatment outcomes; vowels	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-61649093337	In vitro evaluation of the viability of vaginal cells (VK2/E6E7) and probiotic Lactobacillus species in lemon juice	Anukam K.C., Reid G.	2009	Sexual Health	6	1	10.1071/SH08037	Canadian Research and Development Centre for Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, ON N6A4V2, Canada; Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Nigeria	Anukam, K.C., Canadian Research and Development Centre for Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, ON N6A4V2, Canada, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Nigeria; Reid, G., Canadian Research and Development Centre for Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, ON N6A4V2, Canada	Background: Women, especially in developing countries, most often bear the brunt of HIV infections. The continued lack of viable vaccines and microbicides has made some women resort to using natural products such as lemon or lime juice to avoid infection. Few in vitro studies have been done on the effect of lemon juice on vaginal cells and lactobacilli that constitute the major microbiota in healthy women. Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of lemon juice on the viability of vaginal cells (VK2/E6E7) and vaginal Lactobacillus species. Methods: Vaginal cells were exposed to different concentrations (0-30%) of lemon juice at pH 2.3 and 4.5 for 10min. Viability was determined by staining the cells with propidium iodide and analysing them by flow cytometry. Lactobacillus organisms were dispensed into microplates with vaginally defined medium+peptone (VDMP) containing different concentrations of lemon juice ranging from 0 to 100%. Results: Lemon juice at pH 2.3 had a significant (P=0.03) toxic effect on the vaginal cell line used. At 30% concentration, the vaginal cells were practically non-viable, typified by a 95% loss of viability, whereas at pH 4.5 there was only 5% cell loss. Lemon juice had varying growth inhibitory effects on the Lactobacillus species tested. At pH 4.5 and using 10-30% lemon juice, there was a stimulatory growth effect on certain Lactobacillus species. Conclusions: Lemon juice (20-30%) at pH 2.3 was highly toxic to VK2/E6E7 cells, and at pH 4.5 there was no significant effect on the viability of the cells within 10min. Lemon juice above 10% at pH 2.3 was found to be detrimental to the growth of vaginal lactobacilli. Although lemon juice may be useful in other applications, its use in the vaginal region should be discouraged. © CSIRO 2009.	Bacteria; HIV; Lemon juice; Microbicides	propidium iodide; article; bacterial growth; cell viability; clinical evaluation; concentration response; controlled study; female; flow cytometry; growth inhibition; human; human cell; in vitro study; Lactobacillus; lemon juice; pH measurement; vagina flora; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Beverages; Cells, Cultured; Citrus aurantiifolia; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactobacillus; Species Specificity; Vagina	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892450011	Evaluation of hepatotoxicity and clastogenicity of carbofuran in male Wistar rats	Gbadegesin M.A., Owumi S.E., Akinseye V., Odunola O.A.	2014	Food and Chemical Toxicology	65	None	10.1016/j.fct.2013.12.034	Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Gbadegesin, M.A., Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Owumi, S.E., Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Akinseye, V., Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Odunola, O.A., Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Carbofuran based pesticides have gained wide usage in Nigeria recently. Consequently, animals and human populations are exposed to them in the environment. Information on in vivo toxicity of carbofuran in experimental models is scanty. The present study therefore examined the hepatotoxicity and clastogenic effects of carbofuran in rats. Male Wistar rats were exposed to carbofuran (p.o) at 0-5mg/kg bw for 5weeks. Carbofuran induced significant (p&lt;0.05) increase in the serum activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase when compared with the negative control, but not activity of serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferases. It also significantly (p&lt;0.05) induced micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes formation in the bone marrow as compared with the control. The level of induction is dose dependent in both cases. In addition, there was significant (p&lt;0.05) higher number of hepatic cells in the cell/mm2 assay for the group treated with carbofuran. Histopathological analysis of liver samples from the treated groups revealed lesions ranging from general congestion (portal, central venous and sinusoidal), mild periportal cellular infiltration, diffused sinusoidal congestion and hepatic necrosis to severe congestion. Findings from this study suggest that carbofuran has clastogenic and hepatotoxic effects in rats. It therefore may constitute an environmental health risks in individuals so exposed. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Alanine aminotransferase; Carbamate; Carbofuran; Gamma gluthamyltransferase; Micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (mPCEs)	carbofuran; alanine aminotransferase; aspartate aminotransferase; carbofuran; gamma glutamyltransferase; animal cell; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; cell assay; cell count; cell infiltration; chemical parameters; clastogenicity; controlled study; disease severity; enzyme activity; enzyme blood level; genotoxicity; health hazard; histopathology; liver cell; liver necrosis; liver toxicity; male; nonhuman; rat; alanine aminotransferase blood level; animal model; Article; aspartate aminotransferase blood level; gamma glutamyl transferase blood level; liver weight; long term exposure; mutagenesis; weight change; Alanine aminotransferase; Carbamate; Carbofuran; Gamma gluthamyltransferase; Micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (mPCEs); Animals; Carbofuran; Liver; Male; Mutagens; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Rattus norvegicus	None
WoS	WOS:000238591500004	An evaluation of e-readiness assessment tools with respect to information access: Towards an integrated information rich tool	Mutula, SM,van Brakel, P	2006	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT	26	3	10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2006.02.004	Cape Peninsula University of Technology	None	This paper is an offshoot of the findings of a doctoral thesis carried out at the University of Johannesburg (formerly Rand Afrikaans University) in South Africa on the assessment of e-readiness tools with respect to information access. The paper argues that information is a key component in the e-readiness equation and yet it is not given much emphasis in the e-readiness extant tools, but is instead subsumed under Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The paper notes that the various major segments of e-readiness as synthesised from existing tools are scattered in different tools making their use painstakingly cumbersome. The paper proposes a new e-readiness integrated tool that emphasises information access and also collocates the various segments of organizational, ICT, human resources, and external readiness into one single tool. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	"digital divide",e-readiness,ICTS,"INFORMATION ACCESS","INFORMATION MANAGEMENT","COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION",SYSTEMS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937914681	Evaluation of site managers’ hindrances towards optimal utilisation of construction resources	Fapohunda J.A.	2014	Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology	12	3	10.1108/JEDT-03-2012-0013	Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Built Environment Departments, Bellville Campus, Cape Town, South Africa	Fapohunda, J.A., Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Built Environment Departments, Bellville Campus, Cape Town, South Africa	Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to delineate different types of site manager attributes that significantly contribute to construction project management efficiency and evaluate the factors that hinder the site manager during construction production processes. Towards efficient resources utilisation, site managers require various qualities and potentials. Design/methodology/approach – To achieve valid result, the research study was triangulated by exploring literature, which was augmented with both quantitative questionnaire and qualitative interview research methods. The research data were collected in the UK building industry. Findings – It was found that the barriers that often affect efficient utilisation of construction resources in the industry are poor communication, disagreement, misunderstandings, bad weather, union strikes and construction participants’ personality conflicts. This research study presents severity of site manager’s hindrances, factors that affect site manager’s efficiencies, solutions to minimise the hindrances on site manager’s efficient performance and factors that should be constant towards site mangers’ efficient performance. Among these solutions found evident that will enhance site managers’ performance and minimise the effect of the hindrances are an enhanced planning and adequate programming of construction resources before and during project execution, rational team building and an efficient construction team for project, in addition to adequate information dissemination and transfer of knowledge. Originality/value – The adequate implementation of the solutions presented in this paper will not only enhance the performance of site managers on resources utilisation but will also augment client satisfactions. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Construction management; Construction production processes; Project management; Resources; Site managers’ attributes; Site managers’ performance; Utilisation	Balloons; Construction industry; Human resource management; Information dissemination; Knowledge management; Managers; Surveys; Construction management; Production process; Resources; Site manager; Utilisation; Project management	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904419955	Reassessment of the environmental impacts of sulphur oxide emissions from power stations	Lloyd P.	2013	Journal of Energy in Southern Africa	24	2	None	Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa	Lloyd, P., Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa	It is a deeply entrenched belief that emissions of sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere are harmful to the environment, and that sulphur compounds should be removed from the gaseous wastes before discharge. The difficulties with this view are summarised. Extensive work in both North America and Europe has failed to demonstrate any of the early claims for impacts such as forest death. The claims for health effects seem unduly conservative and not supported by reliable data. There are even negative impacts from reducing sulphur emissions. Claims for high external costs associated with coal-fired power generation in South Africa are the result of arithmetic errors. The installation of flue-gas desulphurisation on the latest Eskom power station, Kusile, is shown to be completely unsustainable in the light of the minimal benefits that the considerable costs will bring.	Environmental impacts; Power stations; Sulphur oxide	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892525449	Effects of poor training and development on the work performance of the fast food employees in Cape Town	Ukandu N.E., Ukpere W.I.	2013	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	4	14	10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n14p571	Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Industrial Psychology and People Management, University of Johannesburg, P. o. Box, 524, Johannesburg, South Africa	Ukandu, N.E., Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa; Ukpere, W.I., Department of Industrial Psychology and People Management, University of Johannesburg, P. o. Box, 524, Johannesburg, South Africa	This research was conducted to establish whether the fast food employees within the Cape Town metropolis were being trained, and if not, what can be the possible reason for the lack of training. Fast food employers depend on their workers' skills, knowledge and abilities for effective customer services, which make it necessary for workers to be trained and developed to achieve a better work performance. The objective of this study is to evaluate the state of training and development within the fast food outlets, in order to establish the impact of the current state of training and development on employees' work performance. The purpose is to suggest ways of improving employee job performances through training and development at fast food outlets in Cape Town. Furthermore, to encourage the management of fast food outlets in Cape Town, in order to implement training and development of workers in their workplaces as this will improve the work performance of their employees. The sample consisted of 200 employees from different fast food outlets, out of which 123 responded. A triangulation method was utilized to find information from the different units within the fast food outlets. The the managers, cashiers, production units and others form part of the sample. A closed-ended questionnaire was used. The results obtained proved that a majority of fast food employees in Cape Town do not receive enough training compared to what they should. However, some ex-staff members suggested that there is a need for employee training and development at fast food outlets to improve their job performances.	Development; Employee work performance; Fast food outlets; Job satisfaction; Skills; Training; Workplace	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897398367	Factors impacting job satisfaction of employees in the fast food industry in Cape Town	Ukandu N.E., Ukpere W.I.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	3	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n3p51	Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Industrial Psychology and People Management, University of Johannesburg, P. o. Box, 524, Johannesburg, South Africa	Ukandu, N.E., Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa; Ukpere, W.I., Department of Industrial Psychology and People Management, University of Johannesburg, P. o. Box, 524, Johannesburg, South Africa	Job satisfaction increases the level of performance in any organisation including the fast food outlets. Job satisfaction helps to stimulate employees' commitment in the workplace. In other words, employee satisfaction is vital for organisational development and growth. The fast food workers are unique and have their individual needs, potentials, values and goals. Job satisfaction can also enhance the level of motivation in the workplace. Hence, when the workers are satisfied, they also tend to be motivated towards organisational goals. This paper aims to look at factors impacting the job satisfaction of employee within the fast food industry, in order to proffer ways of improving the level of job satisfaction of fast food employees, in order to achieve a high level of employee and organisational performance. A survey concentrated mainly on the fast food industry. Only fast food employees with at least six (6) months experience were selected for the study, in order to obtain a reliable and valid response. Data was obtained from both the operational workers, administration, cashiers and the managers. A total of 200 closed-ended questionnaires were distributed and 123 employees responded, which gave a response rate of 62.5%. Research finding shows that the rate of personal growth of the employees in their workplace was not satisfactory with a rate of 56.1% respondents. Also, the flexible time plan was not very satisfactory to the workers since they were given a flexible time sometimes during busy periods. In addition, the employees were not allowed to participate in decisions that affects them. It is thus proposed that fast food employees should be empowered through effective participation in decision making. Moreover, the employee skills should be improved through coaching and feedback system.	Employee Commitment; Employee dissatisfaction; Job satisfaction; Pay and benefits; Working Conditions	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84953222801	Testicular and Related Size Evaluations in Nigerian Sahel Goats with Optimal Cauda Epididymal Sperm Reserve	Abba Y., Igbokwe I.O.	2015	Veterinary Medicine International	2015	None	10.1155/2015/357519	Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang	Abba, Y., Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria, Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Igbokwe, I.O., Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria	Testicular sizes of animals are important for identification of those with adequate sperm production. The aim of this study was to define the testicular and related size estimates that would be associated with optimal cauda epididymal sperm counts (ESC) in Sahel goats based on postmortem evaluations. A stratified quota sample population of 125 male goats inclusive of all testicular sizes was taken at a slaughterhouse in Maiduguri, Nigeria. The bucks were aged 18-30 months and weighed 17.04 ± 2.99 (12-25) kg. Body, testicular, and epididymal weights of each goat with other related size measurements were estimated. ESC was determined from homogenized tissue using a manual cytometer. At the cut-off ESC of &gt;1.1 × 109 sperm heads, 66 (52.80%) of the goats had optimal ESC which was associated with testicular weight of 59.90 ± 16.10 (31.40-86.20) g, gonadosomatic index of 3.51 ± 0.69 (2.00-4.50) g/kg, and scrotal circumference of 19.07 ± 1.29 (17.00-21.80) cm. The size variables of the scrotum and testis correlated with one another and with the ESC. These findings provide data that may be used to anticipate adequate antemortem sperm reserve based on testicular size during preliminary selection of sires for breeding from a sexually mature Sahel buck population. © 2015 Y. Abba and I. O. Igbokwe.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58449103798	Sport tourism event impacts on the host community: A case study of red bull big wave Africa	Ntloko N.J., Swart R.	2008	South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation	30	2	None	Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa; Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; 22 Devonshire Close, Parklands 7441, South Africa	Ntloko, N.J., Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa, 22 Devonshire Close, Parklands 7441, South Africa; Swart, R., Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa	The focus of this article is on the management and social impacts of sport tourism events on the host community. This article specifically evaluates the Red Bull Big Wave Africa (RBBWA) event as a case study. Of cognisance is the host community's involvement, perceptions, attitudes and an understanding of costs and benefits linked to the event, at the same time providing a critical view on the management aspects of the event and impacts evident from the host community's point of view. Survey questionnaires, interviews and direct observations were carried out as methods of obtaining data. Altogether 200 residents, two community leaders and one organiser took part in the investigation. The results indicated the event has entertainment value; provides economic benefits in particular for local businesses; promotes community pride and act as regional showcase. On the other hand, the analysis indicated the event as causing minimal disruption to local residents including use of public facilities, mainly for residents in close proximity to the event. In addition, negative environmental impacts and social inequalities became evident. The article reflects a strong link between management and impact of events as a measure to maximise the positive impacts and minimise the negative impacts.	Event impacts; Host community; Sport tourism events	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907294002	Financial performance measures and business objectives attainment in fast food SMMEs in the Cape Metropolis: A preliminary liability and suitability analysis	Ngary C., Smit Y., Bruwer J.-P., Ukpere W.I.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	20	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n20p909	Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O.Box 625, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Industrial Psychology and People Management, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa	Ngary, C., Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O.Box 625, Cape Town, South Africa; Smit, Y., Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O.Box 625, Cape Town, South Africa; Bruwer, J.-P., Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O.Box 625, Cape Town, South Africa; Ukpere, W.I., Department of Industrial Psychology and People Management, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa	According to the Small Business Act No. 102 of 1996, Small Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) were introduced by the South African government to assist with the achievement of uplifting the national economy to reduce the rising trend unemployment and poverty in the country. SMMEs are believed to contribute up to 30% of the Gross Domestic Product of South Africa and are further believed to be responsible for absorbing up to 80% of the national labour force. Regrettably, prior research suggests that these initiatives have not succeeded in reducing unemployment and eradicating poverty, since more than 75% of SMMEs have been reported to fail within their first two years of existence. Economic factors have been blamed for the dismal outcomes. However, the achievement of business objectives is very relevant to how a business is managed, particularly from a financial outlook. In essence, the current authors are of the view that SMMEs were not attaining their objectives owing to the ineffective utilisation of financial performance measures, which consequently affects the smooth existence of these entities as a going concern. The main objective of this paper was to determine the extent to which SMMEs make use of financial performance measures to attain their business objectives. The research adopted a quantitative approach, which entails the collection of data from 30 SMMEs leaders (owners and/or managers) in the Cape Metropolis. All participants were required to adhere to a list of strict delineation criteria. The finding reveals that SMMEs leaders do make use of financial performance measures to manage their respective businesses towards the attainment of business objectives, but only to a limited extent. © MCSER-Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research.	Business objectives; Fast food industry; Financial performance measures; SMMEs; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84944549252	Corporate social responsibility and organisational performance of a professional football club in South Africa	Moyo T., Davies S.E.H., Joubert E.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	13	1CONT5	None	Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa	Moyo, T., Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa; Davies, S.E.H., Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa; Joubert, E., Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa	This research investigated the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and organisational performance at Ajax Cape Town FC a professional football club in the South African Premier Soccer League (PSL). The data collected suggested that Ajax Cape Town FC employed CSR initiatives and consequently enjoyed various benefits from these activities. The CSR activities facilitated access to the club’s target market, developed and improved mutually beneficial relations with the community and consequently Ajax Cape Town FC experienced increased trust, a positive brand image and stronger loyalty from their fans. The outcomes of this study provide an insight into a South African professional football club and demonstrate how CSR initiatives can be used to successfully improve organisational performance. © 2015, Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved.	Civil law; Common law; Corporate governance; Hedge funds; Shareholder activism	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885408544	Monitoring outcomes and impacts of capacity development in the water sector: A Cap-Net UNDP experience	Gunawardana I., Leendertse K., Handoko W.	2013	Water Policy	15	SUPPL.2	10.2166/wp.2013.121	Cap-Net UNDP, Pretoria, South Africa; CK Net, IHE Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia	Gunawardana, I., Cap-Net UNDP, Pretoria, South Africa; Leendertse, K., Cap-Net UNDP, Pretoria, South Africa; Handoko, W., CK Net, IHE Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia	Cap-Net UNDP is an international capacity development network for integrated water resources management (IWRM). Cap-Net's approach of working through regional and country networks is an effective method of drawing together various experts from different disciplines, fostering local ownership for capacity development and scaling-up implementation of IWRM. This paper discusses the lessons drawn from outcome monitoring of Cap-Net capacity development courses for 2 consecutive years 2010-12. Cap-Net follows the Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning Plan that it developed and this helps Cap-Net to learn about progress towards its objectives. It also allows for corrective measures to the on-going process in capacity development program delivery. Lessons from the outcome monitoring exercises provided guidance for revision of monitoring approaches in order to capture the outcomes and impacts and to contribute to the overall goal of Cap-Net. It was realized that interest and involvement of partner networks, continuous follow-up of the courses and standardized processes are important for successful monitoring. © IWA Publishing 2013.	Capacity development; Evaluation; Impacts; Monitoring; Outcome	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-59849092365	The impact of community based rehabilitation as implemented by community rehabilitation facilitators on people with disabilities, their families and communities within South Africa	Chappell P., Johannsmeier C.	2009	Disability and Rehabilitation	31	1	10.1080/09638280802280429	CBR Education and Training for Empowerment (CREATE), Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Chappell, P., CBR Education and Training for Empowerment (CREATE), Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Johannsmeier, C., CBR Education and Training for Empowerment (CREATE), Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Purpose. To find out the impact of community based rehabilitation (CBR) as implemented by mid-level rehabilitation workers known as community rehabilitation facilitators (CRFs) on people with disabilities (PWD), their families and the communities in South Africa. Method. A qualitative research design was used with an emphasis on participatory methods with PWD and their family members. Data collection took the form of individual interviews, focus groups and transects walks in both urban and rural settings within six provinces of South Africa. Results. Although CRFs work with individuals, groups, families and the community, they appear to have had a stronger impact on individuals with disabilities rather than the community at large. Various gaps were also identified and were related to the poor recognition of the scope of practice of CRFs as well as to individual CRFs abilities to carry out certain tasks. Conclusions. Although the results suggest that CRFs have had a positive impact, there are still a number of issues that need to be addressed. These include proper support of CRFs and intersectoral collaboration between government departments to ensure the future of CBR in South Africa.	Community based rehabilitation; Mid-level rehabilitation workers; South Africa	Community Health Services; Cross-Sectional Studies; Disabled Persons; Focus Groups; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Patient Participation; Professional-Patient Relations; Self Efficacy; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958069725	Frequency and clinical genetics of familial dilated cardiomyopathy in Cape Town: Implications for the evaluation of patients with unexplained cardiomyopathy	Ntusi N.B.A., Wonkam A., Shaboodien G., Badri M., Mayosi B.M.	2011	South African Medical Journal	101	6	None	Cardiac Clinic and Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa; College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdelaziz University of Medical Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Division of Human Genetics, Departments of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Ntusi, N.B.A., Cardiac Clinic and Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa; Wonkam, A., Division of Human Genetics, Departments of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Shaboodien, G., Cardiac Clinic and Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa; Badri, M., College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdelaziz University of Medical Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Mayosi, B.M., College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdelaziz University of Medical Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia	Background. Studies from Europe and North America suggest that 20 - 50% of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) may have familial disease. There is little information on the frequency and clinical genetics of familial DCM in Africa. Purpose. To determine the frequency and probable mode of inheritance of familial DCM in patients referred for investigation of the cause of DCM at a tertiary centre in Cape Town. Methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients diagnosed with DCM between 1 February 1996 and 31 December 2009 to determine the frequency of familial disease. Results. Of 109 unrelated patients with DCM, 29 (26.6%) had familial disease. Their mean age of onset of cardiomyopathy (28.01 (standard deviation (SD) 15.33) years) was significantly younger than that for non-familial cases (39.1 (SD 12.6) years) (p=0.001). Male predominance (N=21, 72.4%) and racial distribution (15 (48.3%) coloured patients, 10 (34.5%) black Africans, 4 (13.8%) white individuals, and 1 (3.4%) of Indian descent) of familial DCM probands were similar to the non-familial cases. Of the 29 patients with familial DCM, 2 (7%) had at least one relative diagnosed with peripartum cardiomyopathy. Pedigree analysis of the 29 families was consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance in 72.4%, autosomal recessive inheritance in 17.2% and X-linked recessive inheritance in 10.4%. Conclusions. Familial DCM affects at least a quarter of African patients with DCM, presents at a young age, is associated with peripartum cardiomyopathy, and follows an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance in the majority of families. Family screening for familial DCM is indicated in all cases of unexplained DCM, including patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy.	None	adult; article; autosomal dominant inheritance; autosomal recessive inheritance; clinical genetics; congestive cardiomyopathy; controlled study; electrocardiogram; familial disease; female; heart catheterization; heart left ventricle ejection fraction; heart left ventricle function; human; major clinical study; male; patient referral; pedigree analysis; peripartum cardiomyopathy; race difference; retrospective study; tertiary health care; Adult; African Continental Ancestry Group; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Female; Humans; Male; Pedigree; Peripartum Period; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Retrospective Studies; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941918872	Performance of re-used pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators compared with new devices at Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa	Jama Z.V., Chin A., Badri M., Mayosi B.M.	2015	Cardiovascular Journal of Africa	26	4	10.5830/CVJA-2015-048	Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; College of Medicine, King Saudi Bin, Abdulaziz University for Medical Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia	Jama, Z.V., Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Chin, A., Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Badri, M., College of Medicine, King Saudi Bin, Abdulaziz University for Medical Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Mayosi, B.M., Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa	Objectives: Little is known about the performance of re-used pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) in Africa. We sought to compare the risk of infection and the rate of malfunction of re-used pacemakers and ICDs with new devices implanted at Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. Methods: This was a retrospective case comparison study of the performance of re-used pacemakers and ICDs in comparison with new devices implanted at Groote Schuur Hospital over a 10-year period. The outcomes were incidence of device infection, device malfunction, early battery depletion, and device removal due to infection, malfunction, or early battery depletion. Results: Data for 126 devices implanted in 126 patients between 2003 and 2013 were analysed, of which 102 (81%) were pacemakers (51 re-used and 51 new) and 24 (19%) were ICDs (12 re-used and 12 new). There was no device infection, malfunction, early battery depletion or device removal in either the re-used or new pacemaker groups over the median follow up of 15.1 months [interquartile range (IQR), 1.3-36.24 months] for the re-used pacemakers, and 55.8 months (IQR, 20.3-77.8 months) for the new pacemakers. In the ICD group, no device infection occurred over a median follow up of 35.9 months (IQR, 17.0-70.9 months) for the re-used ICDs and 45.7 months (IQR, 37.6-53.7 months) for the new ICDs. One device delivered inappropriate shocks, which resolved without intervention and with no harm to the patient. This re-used ICD subsequently needed generator replacement 14 months later. In both the pacemaker and ICD groups, there were no procedure-non-related infections documented for the respective follow-up periods. Conclusion: No significant differences were found in performance between re-used and new pacemakers and ICDs with regard to infection rates, device malfunction, battery life and device removal for complications. Pacemaker and ICD re-use is feasible and safe and is a viable option for patients with bradyarrhythmias and tachyarrthythmias.	ICDs; Pacemakers; Performance; Re-used devices; Safety	advanced cancer; aged; arthritis; Article; atherosclerosis; bacterial endocarditis; cancer mortality; cause of death; cerebrovascular accident; chronic obstructive lung disease; comorbidity; controlled study; dementia; device comparison; device malfunction; device removal; diabetic angiopathy; female; follow up; human; immobility; implantable cardioverter defibrillator; incidence; infection risk; leg amputation; major clinical study; male; medical device complication; methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection; outcome assessment; pacemaker; pacemaker implantation; recycling; retrospective study; sepsis; South Africa; supraventricular tachycardia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919339002	Evaluation of the indications and arrhythmic patterns of 24 hour Holter electrocardiography among hypertensive and diabetic patients seen at OAUTHC, lle-lfe Nigeria	Adebayo R.A., Ikwu A.N., Balogun M.O., Akintomide A.O., Mene-Afejuku T.O., Adeyeye V.O., Bamikole O.J., Bisiriyu L.A., Ajayi O.E., Ogunyemi S.A., Oketona O.A.	2014	Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy	7	None	10.2147/DMSO.S68408	Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Obafemi Awolowo University, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria	Adebayo, R.A., Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria; Ikwu, A.N., Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria; Balogun, M.O., Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria; Akintomide, A.O., Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria; Mene-Afejuku, T.O., Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria; Adeyeye, V.O., Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria; Bamikole, O.J., Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria; Bisiriyu, L.A., Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Obafemi Awolowo University, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria; Ajayi, O.E., Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria; Ogunyemi, S.A., Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria; Oketona, O.A., Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria	Background: There are very limited published studies in Nigeria on the use of 24 hour Holter electrocardiogram (Holter ECG) in the arrhythmic evaluation of hypertensive and diabetic patients.Objective: To evaluate indications, arrhythmic pattern of Holter ECG, and heart rate variability (HRV) among patients with hypertensive heart disease (HHD) with or without heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) seen in our cardiac care unit.Methods: Seventy-nine patients (32 males and 47 females) were studied consecutively over a year using Schiller type (MT-101) Holter ECG machine.Results: Out of the 79 patients, 17 (21.5%) had HHD without heart failure, 33 (41.8%) had HHD with hypertensive heart failure (HHF), while 29 (36.7%) were T2DM patients. The mean (standard deviation) ages of HHD without heart failure, HHF and T2DM patients were 59.65 (±14.38), 65.15 (±14.30), and 54.66 (±8.88) respectively. The commonest indication for Holter ECG was palpitation (38%), followed by syncope (20.3%). Premature ventricular contraction was the commonest arrhythmic pattern among the 79 patients, especially among HHF patients. The HRV using standard deviation of all normal-normal intervals was significantly reduced inT2DM patients (81.03±26.33, confidence interval [CI] =71.02–91.05) compared to the HHD without heart failure (119.65±29.86, CI =104.30–135.00) and HHF (107.03±62.50, CI =84.00–129.19). There was a negative correlation between the duration of T2DM and HRV (r=–0.613).Conclusion: Palpitation was the commonest Holter ECG indication and premature ventricular contractions were the commonest arrhythmic pattern among our patients. HRV was reduced in T2DM patients compared with hypertensive patients. © 2014 Adebayo et al.	Arrhythmias; Diabetes mellitus; Holter electrocardiography; Hypertension; Nigerians	adult; aged; Article; autonomic neuropathy; clinical evaluation; controlled study; coronary care unit; correlational study; diabetes mellitus; disease association; dyspnea; faintness; female; heart arrhythmia; heart failure; heart palpitation; heart rate variability; heart ventricle extrasystole; Holter monitor; Holter monitoring; human; hypertension; major clinical study; male; middle aged; Nigeria; non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; patient monitoring; sex ratio; symptomatology; thorax pain; treatment indication	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898034540	Do other cardiovascular risk factors influence the impact of age on the association between blood pressure and mortality? the MORGAM Project	Vishram J.K.K., Borglykke A., Andreasen A.H., Jeppesen J., Ibsen H., Jørgensen T., Broda G., Palmieri L., Giampaoli S., Donfrancesco C., Kee F., Mancia G., Cesana G., Kuulasmaa K., Salomaa V., Sans S., Ferrieres J., Tamosiunas A., Söderberg S., McElduff P	2014	Journal of Hypertension	32	5	10.1097/HJH.0000000000000133	Cardiovascular Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Unit, Denmark; Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Division of Cardiology, Holbaek University Hospital, Holbaek, Denmark; Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Prevention, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland; Cerebro and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, National Centre of Epidemiology, Surveillance, and Promotion of Health, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy; UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health Research (NI), Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom; Clinica Medica e Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy; Research Centre on Chronic Degenerative Diseases (Osp. S. Gerardo), Monza, Italy; National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health, Institute of Health Studies, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cardiology, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse University School of Medicine, Toulouse, France; Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Cardiology and Heart Centre, Umea University, Umea, Sweden; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New-Castle, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University of Medical College, Krakow, Poland; Department of Endocrinology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Preventive Clinic, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Vishram, J.K.K., Cardiovascular Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Unit, Denmark, Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Borglykke, A., Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Andreasen, A.H., Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Jeppesen, J., Cardiovascular Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Unit, Denmark; Ibsen, H., Division of Cardiology, Holbaek University Hospital, Holbaek, Denmark; Jørgensen, T., Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Broda, G., Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Prevention, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland; Palmieri, L., Cerebro and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, National Centre of Epidemiology, Surveillance, and Promotion of Health, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy; Giampaoli, S., Cerebro and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, National Centre of Epidemiology, Surveillance, and Promotion of Health, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy; Donfrancesco, C., Cerebro and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, National Centre of Epidemiology, Surveillance, and Promotion of Health, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy; Kee, F., UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health Research (NI), Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom; Mancia, G., Clinica Medica e Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy; Cesana, G., Research Centre on Chronic Degenerative Diseases (Osp. S. Gerardo), Monza, Italy; Kuulasmaa, K., National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland; Salomaa, V., National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland; Sans, S., Department of Health, Institute of Health Studies, Barcelona, Spain; Ferrieres, J., Department of Cardiology, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse University School of Medicine, Toulouse, France; Tamosiunas, A., Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania; Söderberg, S., Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Cardiology and Heart Centre, Umea University, Umea, Sweden; McElduff, P., School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New-Castle, NSW, Australia; Arveiler, D., Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Pajak, A., Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University of Medical College, Krakow, Poland; Olsen, M.H., Department of Endocrinology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Preventive Clinic, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	OBJECTIVE: To investigate age-related shifts in the relative importance of SBP and DBP as predictors of cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality and whether these relations are influenced by other cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: Using 42 cohorts from the MORGAM Project with baseline between 1982 and 1997, 85772 apparently healthy Europeans and Australians aged 19-78 years were included. During 13.3 years of follow-up, 9.2% died (of whom 7.2% died due to stroke and 21.1% due to coronary heart disease, CHD). RESULTS: Mortality risk was analyzed using hazard ratios per 10-mmHg/5-mmHg increase in SBP/DBP by multivariate-adjusted Cox regressions, including SBP and DBP simultaneously. Because of nonlinearity, SBP and DBP were analyzed separately for blood pressure (BP) values above and below a cut-point wherein mortality risk was the lowest. For the total population, significantly positive associations were found between stroke mortality and SBP [hazard ratio=1.19 (1.13-1.25)] and DBP at least 78mmHg [hazard ratio=1.08 (1.02-1.14)], CHD mortality and SBP at least 116mmHg [1.20 (1.16-1.24)], and all-cause mortality and SBP at least 120mmHg [1.09 (1.08-1.11)] and DBP at least 82mmHg [1.03 (1.02-1.05)]. BP values below the cut-points were inversely related to mortality risk. Taking into account the age×BP interaction, there was a gradual shift from DBP (19-26 years) to both DBP and SBP (27-62 years) and to SBP (63-78 years) as risk factors for stroke mortality and all-cause mortality, but not CHD mortality. The age at which the importance of SBP exceeded DBP was for stroke mortality influenced by sex, cholesterol, and country risk. CONCLUSION: Age-related shifts to the superiority of SBP exist for stroke mortality and all-cause mortality, and for stroke mortality was this shift influenced by other cardiovascular risk factors. © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health / Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	age; blood pressure; epidemiology; mortality; risk factors	antihypertensive agent; cholesterol; adult; aged; article; blood pressure; body mass; cardiovascular mortality; cardiovascular risk; cerebrovascular accident; cholesterol blood level; cohort analysis; coronary artery bypass graft; diabetes mellitus; diastolic blood pressure; female; follow up; heart infarction; human; ischemic heart disease; major clinical study; male; prediction; priority journal; self report; smoking; systolic blood pressure; transluminal coronary angioplasty; age; blood pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; middle aged; mortality; pathophysiology; risk factor; young adult; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Humans; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877264025	Rheumatoid arthritis impacts on the independent relationships between circulating adiponectin concentrations and cardiovascular metabolic risk	Dessein P.H., Norton G.R., Badenhorst M., Woodiwiss A.J., Solomon A.	2013	Mediators of Inflammation	2013	None	10.1155/2013/461849	Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Melville 2109, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Department of Rheumatology, University of the Witwatersrand, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa	Dessein, P.H., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Melville 2109, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Norton, G.R., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Melville 2109, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Badenhorst, M., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Melville 2109, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Woodiwiss, A.J., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Melville 2109, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Solomon, A., Department of Rheumatology, University of the Witwatersrand, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa	Adiponectin and leptin are likely involved in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and therefore potential new therapeutic targets. Adiponectin inhibition could be expected to enhance cardiovascular metabolic risk. However, it is unknown whether RA changes the influence of adipokines on cardiovascular metabolic risk. We determined whether RA impacts on the independent relationships of circulating leptin and adiponectin concentrations with cardiovascular risk factors and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in 277 black African subjects from a developing population; 119 had RA. RA impacted on the relationships of adiponectin concentrations with lipid concentrations and blood pressure, independent of confounders including adiposity (interaction P < 0.05). This translated into an association of adiponectin concentrations with more favorable lipid variables including HDL cholesterol (P = 0.0005), non-HDL cholesterol (P = 0.007), and triglyceride (P = 0.005) concentrations, total cholesterol-HDL cholesterol (P = 0.0002) and triglycerides-HDL cholesterol (P = 0.0003) ratios, and higher systolic (P = 0.0006), diastolic (P = 0.0004), and mean blood pressure (P = 0.0007) in RA but not non-RA subjects. Leptin was not associated with metabolic risk after adjustment for adiposity. The cIMT did not differ by RA status, and adipokine concentrations were unrelated to atherosclerosis. This study suggests that leptin and adiponectin inhibition may not alter overall cardiovascular risk and disease in RA. © 2013 Patrick H. Dessein et al.	None	adiponectin; angiotensin receptor antagonist; antidiabetic agent; beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent; C reactive protein; calcium channel blocking agent; cholesterol; dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitor; glucose; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor; insulin; leptin; nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent; triacylglycerol; adipocytokine; adiponectin; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; leptin; adipocytokine; adult; alcohol consumption; antihypertensive therapy; arterial wall thickness; article; body mass; cardiometabolic risk; carotid atherosclerosis; cholesterol blood level; correlational study; diastolic blood pressure; exercise; female; glucose blood level; human; major clinical study; male; mean arterial pressure; obesity; priority journal; protein blood level; rheumatoid arthritis; risk assessment; smoking; systolic blood pressure; triacylglycerol blood level; waist circumference; waist hip ratio; aged; arterial pressure; atherosclerosis; blood; cardiovascular disease; carotid artery disease; middle aged; physiology; rheumatoid arthritis; risk factor; blood; cardiovascular disease; Adipokines; Adiponectin; Aged; Arterial Pressure; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carotid Artery Diseases; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Cholesterol, HDL; Female; Humans; Leptin; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Adipokines; Adiponectin; Aged; Arterial Pressure; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carotid Artery Diseases; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Cholesterol, HDL; Female; Humans; Leptin; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872864509	Obesity markedly attenuates the validity and performance of all electrocardiographic criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy detection in a group of black African ancestry	Maunganidze F., Woodiwiss A.J., Libhaber C.D., Maseko M.J., Majane O.H.I., Norton G.R.	2013	Journal of Hypertension	31	2	10.1097/HJH.0b013e32835b8daa	Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Maunganidze, F., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Woodiwiss, A.J., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Libhaber, C.D., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Maseko, M.J., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Majane, O.H.I., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Norton, G.R., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa	Aim: To assess the impact of obesity on the validity and performance of electrocardiographic criteria for the detection of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in a group of participants of black African ancestry with a high prevalence of obesity. Methods: Electrocardiographic voltage criteria for the detection of echocardiographic LVH [left ventricular mass index (LVMI) >51 g/m] were evaluated in 661 participants from a community sample of black African ancestry (43% obese). Results: BMI was inversely associated with Sokolow-Lyon voltages (partial r =-0.27, P < 0.0001) and no BMI-Cornell voltage relations were noted (P = 0.21). BMI was associated with voltage criteria that incorporate only limb lead recordings (r = 0.17-0.23), but these relations were weaker than BMI-LVMI relations (r = 0.36, P < 0.01 and P < 0.0001 for comparisons of r values). All electrocardiographic criteria were as strongly related to blood pressure as LVMI. Sokolow-Lyon voltage-LVMI relations were noted only after adjustments for BMI (P < 0.02) and Sokolow-Lyon voltages showed no performance for LVH detection. Cornell voltages showed significant performance in nonobese [area under receiver operating curve (AUC) = 0.67 ± 0.04, P < 0.0005], but not in obese (AUC = 0.56 ± 0.04, P = 0.08). Electrocardiographic criteria which employ limb-lead recordings only (e.g. RaVL) showed better performance in nonobese than in obese (AUC = 0.75 ± 0.04 and 0.59 ± 0.04, respectively, P < 0.005 for comparison) and markedly reduced specificity for LVH detection in obese (76%) than in nonobese (92%, P < 0.0001) despite similar sensitivities (32 vs. 29%). Conclusion: In groups of black African ancestry, obesity contributes to a poor validity and performance of all voltage criteria for the detection of LVH. None of the current criteria are recommended for use in obesity. © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams Wilkins.	electrocardiography; left ventricular hypertrophy; obesity	hemoglobin A1c; area under the curve; article; blood glucose monitoring; body mass; community sample; diabetes mellitus; echocardiography; electric potential; electrocardiography; female; heart left ventricle hypertrophy; heart left ventricle mass; human; hypertension; major clinical study; male; Negro; obesity; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; systolic blood pressure; validity; African Continental Ancestry Group; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Male	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955980931	Impact of aldosterone receptor blockade on the deleterious cardiac effects of adrenergic activation in hypertensive rats	Veliotes D.G.A., Norton G.R., Correia R.J., Strijdom H., Badenhorst D., Brooksbank R., Woodiwiss A.J.	2010	Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology	56	2	10.1097/FJC.0b013e3181e92a01	Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa	Veliotes, D.G.A., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Norton, G.R., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Correia, R.J., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Strijdom, H., Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Badenhorst, D., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Brooksbank, R., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Woodiwiss, A.J., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa	Although in hypertension β-adrenoreceptor activation promotes the transition from cardiac hypertrophy to pump dysfunction, the use of β-blockers is controversial. As adrenergic activation may mediate adverse effects on the heart through the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, we evaluated the effects of the aldosterone receptor blocker, spironolactone (SPIRO), on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced changes in left ventricular cavity size and pump function and the determinants thereof in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). ISO administered for 4.5 months resulted in increases in left ventricular dimensions and a decrease in pump function in SHR but not in normotensive rats, changes that, without affecting blood pressure, were abolished by SPIRO. In SHR, 4-5 days of ISO increased myocardial matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity, which was associated with matrix metalloproteinase-2 but not tissue inhibitor of MMP expression; persisted at 4.5 months; and was prevented by SPIRO. Moreover, after 4.5 months, ISO increased non-cross-linked myocardial collagen concentrations in SHR, which was abolished by SPIRO. Although after 4.5 months, ISO was not associated with increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis, an early (4-5 days) ISO-induced apoptotic effect was noted, which was prevented by SPIRO. Hence, aldosterone receptor blockade may be sufficient to prevent those adverse effects of β-adrenoreceptor activation responsible for the transition from concentric cardiac hypertrophy to pump dysfunction in hypertension. © 2010 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.	None	collagen; gelatinase A; isoprenaline; spironolactone; tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2; adrenergic activity; adrenergic receptor blocking; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; apoptosis; article; cell structure; controlled study; cross linking; diastolic blood pressure; echocardiography; enzyme activity; heart left ventricle contraction; heart left ventricle filling pressure; heart left ventricle hypertrophy; heart left ventricle size; heart muscle cell; heart weight; hypertension; nonhuman; priority journal; protein expression; rat; systolic blood pressure; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Aldosterone Antagonists; Animals; Apoptosis; Blood Pressure; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Hypertension; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Isoproterenol; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; Receptors, Aldosterone; Renin-Angiotensin System; Spironolactone	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927786822	Relative impact of blood pressure as compared to an excess adiposity on left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in a community sample with a high prevalence of obesity	Millen A.M.E., Libhaber C.D., Majane O.H.I., Libhaber E., Maseko M.J., Woodiwiss A.J., Norton G.R.	2014	Journal of Hypertension	32	12	10.1097/HJH.0000000000000330	Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Millen, A.M.E., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Libhaber, C.D., Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Majane, O.H.I., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Libhaber, E., Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Maseko, M.J., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Woodiwiss, A.J., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Norton, G.R., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa	Aim: To determine whether blood pressure (BP) or an excess adiposity, both frequently observed comorbidities that independently relate to left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), have a greater impact on LVDD at a community level. Methods: We assessed the relative independent impact of an excess adiposity versus BP on indices of LVDD as determined from the ratios of early-to-late transmitral blood flow velocity (E/A) and E/the mean of lateral and septal wall myocardial tissue lengthening at the level of the mitral annulus (e'; (E/e') in 417 randomly recruited participants of a community-based study with a high prevalence of excess adiposity (43% obese and 25% morbidly obese). Results: In multivariate adjusted models, including adjustments for appropriate BP values (SBP for E/e' and DBP for E/A), waist circumference was independently associated with E/A (partial r = -0.12, P < 0.02) and E/e' (partial r = 0.15, P < 0.005). In contrast, BMI was independently associated with E/e' (partial r = 0.11, P < 0.05), but not E/A (partial r = -0.09, P = 0.08). In multivariate models, SBP had a greater impact on E/e' (standardized β-coefficient = 0.32 ± 0.05, P < 0.0001) than did waist circumference (standardized β-coefficient = 0.16-0.05, P < 0.005; P < 0.05 for comparison), whereas DBP had a similar impact on E/A (standardized β-coefficient = -0.10 ± 0.03, P < 0.005) as did waist circumference (standardized β-coefficient = -0.10 ± 0.04, P < 0.05). Importantly, whereas SBP was the main factor independently associated with an increased E/e' (≥10) (P < 0.0005), waist circumference was not independently associated with either a decreased E/A (≤0.75) (P = 0.82) or an increased E/e' (≥10; P = 0.15). Conclusion: In a community sample with a high prevalence of excess adiposity, BP exceeds obesity as the most important modifiable risk factor for LVDD. These data suggest that in communities with a high prevalence of obesity, if weight loss programmes fail to produce sustainable target body weights, rigorous BP management to lower than normal thresholds may be sufficient to prevent LVDD. Copyright © Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Blood pressure; Left ventricular diastolic function; Obesity	adult; Article; blood flow velocity; blood pressure measurement; body mass; community sample; comorbidity; controlled study; diastolic blood pressure; female; heart ventricle septum; human; left ventricular diastolic dysfunction; major clinical study; male; measurement accuracy; middle aged; model; morbid obesity; obesity; prevalence; priority journal; systolic blood pressure; waist circumference; waist hip ratio; blood pressure; community care; comparative study; diastole; echocardiography; echography; heart left ventricle function; morbid obesity; obesity; pathophysiology; South Africa; Adiposity; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Pressure; Community Health Services; Diastole; Echocardiography; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity, Morbid; South Africa; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left; Waist Circumference	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34047112435	Rat strain-related differences in myocardial adrenergic tone and the impact on cardiac fibrosis, adrenergic responsiveness and myocardial structure and function	Osadchii O., Norton G., Deftereos D., Woodiwiss A.	2007	Pharmacological Research	55	4	10.1016/j.phrs.2006.12.005	Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Osadchii, O., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Norton, G., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Deftereos, D., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Woodiwiss, A., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats have been reported to have a higher sympathetic activity than Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. In the present study we sought to determine if these rat strain-related differences in sympathetic activity exist at a myocardial level and whether they translate into changes in cardiac fibrosis, contractile responsiveness to adrenergic agonists, and cardiac structure and function. Coronary effluent noradrenaline concentrations, as determined in isolated, perfused heart preparations, were higher in 5-month-old SD as compared to age-matched WKY male rats. This difference was accompanied by higher resting heart rates in SD rats as assessed in vivo. However, increases in myocardial noradrenaline release in SD rats did not translate into enhanced myocardial fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophy or remodeling, changes in basal ventricular systolic and diastolic function, or to down-regulation of inotropic responses to the β-adrenoreceptor agonists, noradrenaline, isoproterenol and dobutamine. Although age-matched male SD rats were heavier, no differences in absolute heart weights were noted between rat strains. Moreover, left ventricular (LV) posterior wall thickness as assessed by echocardiography, as well as cardiac myocyte dimensions as determined by laser scanning confocal microscopy were similar between rat strains. Furthermore, LV internal diameters as determined in vivo, as well as LV diastolic volume intercept determined in isolated, perfused heart preparations were similar between rat strains. Increases in myocardial noradrenaline release in SD rats also did not translate into differences in LV systolic chamber and myocardial function as assessed in vivo (LV endocardial and midwall fractional shortening) and at controlled loads and heart rates ex vivo (the slope of the LV developed pressure-volume relation determined). Likewise, neither myocardial hydroxyproline content nor LV chamber stiffness as assessed by the slope of the LV end-diastolic pressure-volume relation were different in SD and WKY rats. In conclusion, rat strain-related differences in cardiac adrenergic tone do indeed exist, but in young animals these differences do not translate into cardiac phenotypes known to contribute to progressive cardiac dysfunction. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Adrenergic tone; Contractile function; Sprague-Dawley rats; Wistar-Kyoto rats	beta adrenergic receptor stimulating agent; dobutamine; isoprenaline; noradrenalin; adrenergic activity; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; confocal microscopy; controlled study; diastole; echocardiography; heart contraction; heart disease; heart function; heart left ventricle wall; heart muscle contractility; heart muscle dp-dt; heart muscle fibrosis; heart perfusion; heart rate; image analysis; isolated heart; laser microscopy; nonhuman; noradrenalin release; pressure volume curve; priority journal; rat; Sprague Dawley rat; strain difference; systole; thickness; Wistar Kyoto rat; Adrenergic Agonists; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cell Size; Diastole; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Heart; Heart Rate; Heart Ventricles; Hydroxyproline; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Myocytes, Cardiac; Norepinephrine; Organ Size; Phenotype; Rats; Rats, Inbred WKY; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Species Specificity; Sympathetic Nervous System; Systole; Ventricular Function, Left; Ventricular Remodeling	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868197201	Impact of age on the importance of systolic and diastolic blood pressures for stroke risk: The MOnica, Risk, Genetics, Archiving, and Monograph (MORGAM) Project	Vishram J.K.K., Borglykke A., Andreasen A.H., Jeppesen J., Ibsen H., Jørgensen T., Broda G., Palmieri L., Giampaoli S., Donfrancesco C., Kee F., Mancia G., Cesana G., Kuulasmaa K., Sans S., Olsen M.H.	2012	Hypertension	60	5	10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.201400	Cardiovascular Research Unit, Cardiovascular Department of Internal Medicine, Denmark; Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Building 84-85, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Division of Cardiology, Holbk University Hospital, Holbk, Denmark; Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Prevention, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland; Cerebro and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, National Centre of Epidemiology, Surveillance, and Promotion of Health, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy; United Kingdom Clinical Research Collaboration Centre of Excellence for Public Health Research, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; Clinica Medica e Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy; Research Centre on Chronic Degenerative Diseases Osp. S. Gerardo, Monza, Italy; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Health Studies, Department of Health, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Hypertension in Africa Research Team, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Vishram, J.K.K., Cardiovascular Research Unit, Cardiovascular Department of Internal Medicine, Denmark, Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Building 84-85, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Borglykke, A., Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Building 84-85, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Andreasen, A.H., Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Building 84-85, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Jeppesen, J., Cardiovascular Research Unit, Cardiovascular Department of Internal Medicine, Denmark; Ibsen, H., Division of Cardiology, Holbk University Hospital, Holbk, Denmark; Jørgensen, T., Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Building 84-85, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Broda, G., Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Prevention, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland; Palmieri, L., Cerebro and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, National Centre of Epidemiology, Surveillance, and Promotion of Health, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy; Giampaoli, S., Cerebro and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, National Centre of Epidemiology, Surveillance, and Promotion of Health, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy; Donfrancesco, C., Cerebro and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, National Centre of Epidemiology, Surveillance, and Promotion of Health, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy; Kee, F., United Kingdom Clinical Research Collaboration Centre of Excellence for Public Health Research, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; Mancia, G., Clinica Medica e Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy; Cesana, G., Research Centre on Chronic Degenerative Diseases Osp. S. Gerardo, Monza, Italy; Kuulasmaa, K., National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Sans, S., Institute of Health Studies, Department of Health, Barcelona, Spain; Olsen, M.H., Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, Hypertension in Africa Research Team, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	This study investigates age-related shifts in the relative importance of systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures as predictors of stroke and whether these relations are influenced by other cardiovascular risk factors. Using 34 European cohorts from the MOnica, Risk, Genetics, Archiving, and Monograph (MORGAM) Project with baseline between 1982 and 1997, 68 551 subjects aged 19 to 78 years, without cardiovascular disease and not receiving antihypertensive treatment, were included. During a mean of 13.2 years of follow-up, stroke incidence was 2.8%. Stroke risk was analyzed using hazard ratios per 10-mm Hg/5-mm Hg increase in SBP/DBP by multivariate-adjusted Cox regressions, including SBP and DBP simultaneously. Because of nonlinearity, DBP was analyzed separately for DBP <71 mm Hg and DBP <71 mm Hg. Stroke risk was associated positively with SBP and DBP <71 mm Hg (SBP/DBP <71 mm Hg; hazard ratios: 1.15/1.06 [95% CI: 1.12-1.18/1.03-1.09]) and negatively with DBP <71 mm Hg (0.88[0.79-0.98]). The hazard ratio for DBP decreased with age (P<0.001) and was not influenced by other cardiovascular risk factors. Taking into account the age×DBP interaction, both SBP and DBP <71 mm Hg were significantly associated with stroke risk until age 62 years, but in subjects older than 46 years the superiority of SBP for stroke risk exceeded that of DBP <71 mm Hg and remained significant until age 78 years. DBP <71 mm Hg became significant at age 50 years with an inverse relation to stroke risk. In Europeans, stroke risk should be assessed by both SBP and DBP until age 62 years with increased focus on SBP from age 47 years. From age 62 years, emphasis should be on SBP without neglecting the potential harm of very low DBP. © 2012 American Heart Association, Inc.	age; blood pressure; epidemiology; risk factors; stroke	cholesterol; adult; age; aged; antihypertensive therapy; article; body mass; cardiovascular risk; cerebrovascular accident; cholesterol blood level; cohort analysis; controlled study; diastolic blood pressure; Europe; female; follow up; hazard ratio; human; incidence; major clinical study; male; mean arterial pressure; prediction; priority journal; proportional hazards model; pulse pressure; risk assessment; systolic blood pressure; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Blood Pressure; Cohort Studies; Europe; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Proportional Hazards Models; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Stroke; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891623832	The impact of malaria in pregnancy on changes in blood pressure in children during their first year of life	Ayoola O.O., Omotade O.O., Gemmell I., Clayton P.E., Cruickshank J.K.	2014	Hypertension	63	1	10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.02238	Cardiovascular Sciences and Paediatric Endocrinology Groups, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; King's College and King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom; Child Health, College of Medi	Ayoola, O.O., Cardiovascular Sciences and Paediatric Endocrinology Groups, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom, Child Health and Paediatric Endocrinology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Omotade, O.O., Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Gemmell, I., Department of Primary Care and Biostatistics, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Clayton, P.E., Child Health and Paediatric Endocrinology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Cruickshank, J.K., King's College and King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom, Cardiovascular Medicine Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutrition, King's College and King's Health Partners, 150 Stamford St, London SE1 9RN, United Kingdom	We established a maternal birth cohort in Ibadan, Nigeria, where malaria is hyperendemic, to assess how intrauterine exposure to malaria affected infant blood pressure (BP) development. In a local maternity hospital, healthy pregnant women had regular blood films for malaria parasites from booking to delivery. Growth and BP were measured on 318 babies, all followed from birth to 3 and 12 months. Main outcomes were standardized measures of anthropometry and change in BP to 1 year. Babies exposed to maternal malaria were globally smaller at birth, and boys remained smaller at 3 months and 1 year. Change in systolic BP (SBP) during the year was greater in boys than in girls (20.9 versus 15.7 mm Hg; P=0.002) but greater in girls exposed to maternal malaria (18.7 versus 12.7 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, 1-11 mm Hg; P=0.02). Eleven percent of boys (greater than twice than expected) had a SBP ≥95th percentile (hypertensive, US criteria), of whom 68% had maternal malaria exposure. On regression analysis (β coefficients, mm Hg), sex (boys>girls; β=4.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-7.7; P=0.01), maternal malaria exposure (3.64; 0.3-6.9; P=0.03), and weight change (2.4; 0.98-3.8/1 standard deviation score; P=0.001) all independently increased SBP change to 1 year, whereas increase in length decreased SBP (-1.98; -3.6 to -0.40). In conclusion, malaria-exposed boys had excess hypertension, whereas malaria-exposed girls a greater increase in SBP. Intrauterine exposure to malaria had sex-dependent effects on BP, independent of infant growth. Because infant-child-adult BP tracking is powerful, a malarial effect may contribute to the African burden of hypertension. © 2013 American Heart Association, Inc.	Child development; Malaria; Pregnancy	pyrimethamine plus sulfadoxine; adult; anthropometry; article; birth; blood; blood pressure; blood pressure measurement; child development; clinical assessment; cohort analysis; controlled study; delivery; environmental exposure; female; hospital; human; hypertension; infant; major clinical study; malaria; male; middle aged; Nigeria; outcome assessment; Plasmodium; Plasmodium falciparum; pregnant woman; prevalence; priority journal; sex difference; systolic blood pressure; weight change; young adult; child development; malaria; pregnancy; Anthropometry; Birth Weight; Blood Pressure; Child Development; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Infant; Malaria; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Sex Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903383448	Building capacity to measure long-term impact on women's empowerment: CARE's Women's Empowerment Impact Measurement Initiative	Karim N., Picard M., Gillingham S., Berkowitz L.	2014	Gender and Development	22	2	10.1080/13552074.2014.920977	CARE USA, 151 Ellis Street NE, Atlanta, GA 30303-2440, United States; 5718 Clark Street, Montreal, QC H2T 2V4, Canada; 72 Marlborough Road, Grandpont, Oxford OX 1 4LR, United Kingdom; 703 Hillside Village, 9th Street, Killarney, Johannesburg 2198, South Africa	Karim, N., CARE USA, 151 Ellis Street NE, Atlanta, GA 30303-2440, United States; Picard, M., 5718 Clark Street, Montreal, QC H2T 2V4, Canada; Gillingham, S., 72 Marlborough Road, Grandpont, Oxford OX 1 4LR, United Kingdom; Berkowitz, L., 703 Hillside Village, 9th Street, Killarney, Johannesburg 2198, South Africa	From 2010 to 2012, CARE USA implemented the Women's Empowerment Impact Measurement Initiative (WEIMI) to develop the necessary capacity, tools, guidance, and practice to measure and demonstrate the impact of its work on women's empowerment. The lessons and experiences from this initiative have been transformed into an online guidance tool being utilised throughout CARE to inform the process of developing robust theories of change and impact measurement systems for women's empowerment programmes. The WEIMI experience has contributed significantly to CARE's understanding of gender inequality and its implications for achieving broader impact. This article highlights key lessons learned and good practices that emerged in addressing the challenge of developing organisational impact measurement systems for women's empowerment long-term programmes. © 2014 Oxfam GB 2014.	gender; impact groups; impact measurement; social change; theory of change	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942190785	The effect of performance-based financing on illness, care-seeking and treatment among children: An impact evaluation in Rwanda	Skiles M.P., Curtis S.L., Basinga P., Angeles G., Thirumurthy H.	2015	BMC Health Services Research	15	1	10.1186/s12913-015-1033-7	Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 400 Meadowmont Village Circle, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Global Health Program, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, United States; Rwanda Biomedical Center, Ministry of Health, Kigali, Rwanda; Department Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States	Skiles, M.P., Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 400 Meadowmont Village Circle, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Curtis, S.L., Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 400 Meadowmont Village Circle, Chapel Hill, NC, United States, Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Basinga, P., Global Health Program, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, United States, Rwanda Biomedical Center, Ministry of Health, Kigali, Rwanda; Angeles, G., Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 400 Meadowmont Village Circle, Chapel Hill, NC, United States, Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Thirumurthy, H., Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 400 Meadowmont Village Circle, Chapel Hill, NC, United States, Department Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States	Background: Performance-based financing (PBF) strategies are promoted as a supply-side, results-based financing mechanism to improve primary health care. This study estimated the effects of Rwanda's PBF program on less-incentivized child health services and examined the differential program impact by household poverty. Methods: Districts were allocated to intervention and comparison for PBF implementation in Rwanda. Using Demographic Health Survey data from 2005 to 2007-08, a community-level panel dataset of 5781 children less than 5 years of age from intervention and comparison districts was created. The impacts of PBF on reported childhood illness, facility care-seeking, and treatment received were estimated using a difference-in-differences model with community fixed effects. An interaction term between poverty and the program was estimated to identify the differential effect of PBF among children from poorer families. Results: There was no measurable difference in estimated probability of reporting illness with diarrhea, fever or acute respiratory infections between the intervention and comparison groups. Seeking care at a facility for these illnesses increased over time, however no differential effect by PBF was seen. The estimated effect of PBF on receipt of treatment for poor children is 45 percentage points higher (p∈=∈0.047) compared to the non-poor children seeking care for diarrhea or fever. Conclusions: PBF, a supply-side incentive program, improved the quality of treatment received by poor children conditional on patients seeking care, but it did not impact the propensity to seek care. These findings provide additional evidence that PBF incentivizes the critical role staff play in assuring quality services, but does little to influence consumer demand for these services. Efforts to improve child health need to address both supply and demand, with additional attention to barriers due to poverty if equity in service use is a concern. © 2015 Skiles et al.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-47649116754	Evaluation of light microscopy and rapid diagnostic test for the detection of malaria under operational field conditions: A household survey in Ethiopia	Endeshaw T., Gebre T., Ngondi J., Graves P.M., Shargie E.B., Ejigsemahu Y., Ayele B., Yohannes G., Teferi T., Messele A., Zerihun M., Genet A., Mosher A.W., Emerson P.M., Richards F.O.	2008	Malaria Journal	7	None	10.1186/1475-2875-7-118	Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Carter Center, Atlanta, GA, United States; Amhara Regional Health Bureau, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom	Endeshaw, T., Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Gebre, T., Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ngondi, J., Carter Center, Atlanta, GA, United States, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Graves, P.M., Carter Center, Atlanta, GA, United States; Shargie, E.B., Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ejigsemahu, Y., Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ayele, B., Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Yohannes, G., Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Teferi, T., Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Messele, A., Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Zerihun, M., Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Genet, A., Amhara Regional Health Bureau, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Mosher, A.W., Carter Center, Atlanta, GA, United States; Emerson, P.M., Carter Center, Atlanta, GA, United States; Richards, F.O., Carter Center, Atlanta, GA, United States	Background. In most resource-poor settings, malaria is usually diagnosed based on clinical signs and symptoms and not by detection of parasites in the blood using microscopy or rapid diagnostic tests (RDT). In population-based malaria surveys, accurate diagnosis is important: microscopy provides the gold standard, whilst RDTs allow immediate findings and treatment. The concordance between RDTs and microscopy in low or unstable transmission areas has not been evaluated. Objectives. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of malaria parasites in randomly selected malarious areas of Amhara, Oromia, and Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' (SNNP) regions of Ethiopia, using microscopy and RDT, and to investigate the agreement between microscopy and RDT under field conditions. Methods. A population-based survey was conducted in 224 randomly selected clusters of 25 households each in Amhara, Oromia and SNNP regions, between December 2006 and February 2007. Fingerpick blood samples from all persons living in even-numbered households were tested using two methods: light microscopy of Giemsa-stained blood slides; and RDT (ParaScreen device for Pan/Pf). Results. A total of 13,960 people were eligible for malaria parasite testing of whom 11,504 (82%) were included in the analysis. Overall slide positivity rate was 4.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.4-5.0%) while ParaScreen RDT was positive in 3.3% (95% CI 2.6-4.1%) of those tested. Considering microscopy as the gold standard, ParaScreen RDT exhibited high specificity (98.5%; 95% CI 98.3-98.7) and moderate sensitivity (47.5%; 95% CI 42.8-52.2) with a positive predictive value of 56.8% (95% CI 51.7-61.9) and negative predictive value of 97.6% (95% CI 97.6-98.1%) under field conditions. Conclusion. Blood slide microscopy remains the preferred option for population-based prevalence surveys of malaria parasitaemia. The level of agreement between microscopy and RDT warrants further investigation in different transmission settings and in the clinical situation. © 2008 Endeshaw et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	adult; article; blood sampling; confidence interval; controlled study; diagnostic test; Ethiopia; evaluation; female; health survey; household; human; major clinical study; malaria; male; microscopy; Plasmodium; prevalence; sensitivity and specificity; animal; blood; chromatography; epidemiology; Ethiopia; family size; immunoassay; isolation and purification; malaria falciparum; methodology; parasitology; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax; prediction and forecasting; time; parasite antigen; Adult; Animals; Antigens, Protozoan; Blood; Blood Specimen Collection; Chromatography; Ethiopia; Family Characteristics; Female; Health Care Surveys; Humans; Immunoassay; Malaria, Falciparum; Malaria, Vivax; Male; Microscopy; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax; Predictive Value of Tests; Prevalence; Sensitivity and Specificity; Time Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-40949099573	Evaluation of circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) strip for diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis in Hassoba school children, Afar, Ethiopia	Ayele B., Erko B., Legesse M., Hailu A., Medhin G.	2008	Parasite	15	1	None	Carter Center-Ethiopia, P.O. Box 13373, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Ayele, B., Carter Center-Ethiopia, P.O. Box 13373, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Erko, B., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Legesse, M., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Hailu, A., Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Medhin, G., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	A total of 206 urine samples collected from Hassoba Elementary schoolchildren, Afar, Ethiopia, a low Schistosoma haematobium endemic setting, was diagnosed to evaluate the performance of CCA strip using double references, urine filtration technique and urinalysis dipstick (Combur 10 Test®] that detect schistosome eggs and blood in urine, respectively. The former was used as a gold standard reference method. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for the CCA were 52 %, 63.8 %, 56.7 % and 59 % respectively, with reference to urine filtration technique whereas these parameters were 50.4 %, 62.4 %, 55.6 % and 57.5 % respectively, with reference to Combur 10 Test®. 47 S. haematobium egg-positive children were found negative by CCA strip while 38 egg-negative children were found positive by CCA strip. Moreover, among the pre-tests done in duplicate, inconsistent results were also recorded. Assays were also compared with regard to the cost of equipment and reagents, speed and simplicity of use. Though CCA strip was found to be rapid and could be performed with minimal training, it was found to be expensive (US $ 4.95 per test) to use it for large-scale field use even if its diagnostic value would have been satisfactory. Further development and standardization of the CCA strip are required for its applicability for field use. It is also recommended that its cost per strip should be substantially cut down if it is to be used in poor schistosomiasis endemic countries.	Circulating cathodic antigen strip; Diagnosis; Ethiopia; Urinary schistosomiasis	CCA protein, Schistosoma mansoni; glycoprotein; helminth protein; parasite antigen; unclassified drug; adolescent; adult; animal; article; child; cost; economics; Ethiopia; female; filtration; human; isolation and purification; male; parasite identification; prediction and forecasting; preschool child; Schistosoma hematobium; sensitivity and specificity; test strip; urine; Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Antigens, Helminth; Child; Child, Preschool; Costs and Cost Analysis; Ethiopia; Female; Filtration; Glycoproteins; Helminth Proteins; Humans; Male; Parasite Egg Count; Predictive Value of Tests; Reagent Strips; Schistosoma haematobium; Schistosomiasis haematobia; Sensitivity and Specificity; Schistosoma; Schistosoma haematobium	None
WoS	WOS:000273449700027	Developmental monitoring using caregiver reports in a resource-limited setting: the case of Kilifi, Kenya	Abubakar, A.,Bomu, G.,Holding, P.,Van Baar, A.,van de Vijver, F.	2010	ACTA PAEDIATRICA	99	2	10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01561.x	Case Western Reserve University, North West University - South Africa, Tilburg University, University of Utrecht, KEMRI Wellcome Trust Res Programme	"Van Baar, A.: University of Utrecht",	Aim: The main aim of the current study was to evaluate the reliability, validity and acceptability of developmental monitoring using caregiver reports among mothers in a rural African setting. Methods: A structured interview for parents of children aged 24 months and less was developed through both participant consultation and a review of literature. The reliability and validity of the schedule was evaluated through a 10-month monitoring programme of 95 children, aged 2-10 months. The acceptability of the process was evaluated by studying retention rates and by organizing focus group discussions with participating mothers. Results: The structured interview 'Developmental Milestones Checklist' consisted of 66 items covering three broad domains of child functioning: motor, language and personal-social development. The interview yielded scores of developmental achievements that showed high internal consistency and excellent test-retest reliability. The results were sensitive to maturational changes and nutritional deficiencies. In addition, acceptable retention rates of approximately 80% were found. Participating mothers reported that they found the procedures both acceptable and beneficial. Conclusion: Developmental monitoring using caregiver report is a viable method to identify and monitor at-risk children in Sub-Saharan Africa.	Africa,"Caregiver reports",CHILDREN,"developmental monitoring",CARE,CHILD-DEVELOPMENT,DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES,"NEUROLOGICAL IMPAIRMENT",PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN,SERVICES	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-47649088780	Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of some medicinal plants for fresh cassava roots preservation	Ubalua A.O., Oti E.	2008	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	7	5	10.3923/pjn.2008.679.681	Cassava Research Programme, National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI), Umudike, PMB 7006, Umuahia, Abia state, Nigeria; Postharvest Technology Programme, National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI), Umudike, PMB 7006, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Ubalua, A.O., Cassava Research Programme, National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI), Umudike, PMB 7006, Umuahia, Abia state, Nigeria; Oti, E., Postharvest Technology Programme, National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI), Umudike, PMB 7006, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	The inhibitory effects of water, petroleum ether and ethanol extracts of three medicinal plants were investigated on the growth of Botryodiplodia theobromae, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium solani, Rhizopus sp., Mucor and Erwinia spp isolated from rotted cassava roots on potato dextrose agar. The ethanol extracts of garlic and Landolphia owerrience gave a wider spectrum of activity against the pathogens compared to that of petroleum ether and water. The combination of the extracts of Garlic (Alium sativum) and Garcinia kola demonstrated a remarkable inhibition of the pathogens after 16 days in storage with 2% rot, while that of Garlic and Landolphia owerrience roots exhibited little or no activity unlike the individual extracts. The potency shown by the extracts in overcoming the colonies of the tested pathogens recommends their use as protectants rather than eradicants. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008.	Biological control; Cassava root rot; Medicinal plants; Pathogens	agar; alcohol; Garcinia kola extract; garlic extract; glucose; Landolphia owerrience extract; petroleum ether; plant extract; water; antimicrobial activity; article; Aspergillus flavus; cassava; controlled study; Erwinia; Fusarium solani; Garcinia kola; medicinal plant; microbial growth; Mucor; nonhuman; plant root; postharvest decay; preservation; Rhizopus; Allium sativum; Aspergillus flavus; Botryodiplodia theobromae; Erwinia; Fusarium solani; Garcinia kola; Landolphia; Manihot esculenta; Mucor; Rhizopus; Sativum; Solanum tuberosum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920374118	Evaluation of MALDI biotyping for rapid subspecies identification of carbapenemase-producing bacteria via protein profiling	Somboro A.M., Tiwari D., Shobo A., Bester L.A., Kruger H.G., Govender T., Essack S.Y.	2014	Mass Spectrometry Letters	5	4	10.5478/MSL.2014.5.4.110	Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Biomedical Resource Unit, Westville campus, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; Antimicrobial Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Somboro, A.M., Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, Antimicrobial Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Tiwari, D., Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Shobo, A., Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Bester, L.A., Biomedical Resource Unit, Westville campus, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; Kruger, H.G., Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Govender, T., Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Essack, S.Y., Antimicrobial Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	The method of direct mass spectrometry profiling is reliable and reproducible for the rapid identification of clinical isolates of bacteria and fungi. This is the first study evaluating the approach of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry profiling for rapid identification of carbapenemase-resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE). Proof of concept was achieved by the discrimination of CRE using MALDI Biotyper MS based on the protein. This profiling appears promising by the visual observation of consistent unique peaks, albeit low intensity, that could be picked up from the mean spectra (MSP) method. The Biotyper MSP creation and identification methods needed to be optimized to provide significantly improved differences in scores to allow for subspecies identification with and without carbapenemases. These spectra were subjected to visual peak picking and in all cases; there were pertinent differences in the presence or absence of potential biomarker peaks to differentiate isolates. We also evaluated this method for potential discrimination between different carbapenemases bacteria, utilizing the same strategy. Based on our data and pending further investigation in other CREs, MALDI-TOF MS has potential as a diagnostic tool for the rapid identification of even closely related carbapenemases but would require a paradigm shift in which Biotyper suppliers enable more flexible software control of mass spectral profiling methods. © 2014, Mass Spectrom. Lett. All rights reserved.	Carbapenemase; Enterobacteriaceae; MALDI-TOF MS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940825986	Efficient purification of rhG-CSF and its PEGylated forms and evaluation for in vitro activities	Tiwari D., Haque S., Jawed A., Mishra M.K., Govender T., Kruger H.G.	2015	Protein and Peptide Letters	22	10	None	Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Rajeev Gandhi International Biotech Park, Gennova Biopharmaceuticals Ltd, Hinjwadi, Pune, India; Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India; Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia	Tiwari, D., Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, Rajeev Gandhi International Biotech Park, Gennova Biopharmaceuticals Ltd, Hinjwadi, Pune, India; Haque, S., Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India, Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Jawed, A., Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Mishra, M.K., Rajeev Gandhi International Biotech Park, Gennova Biopharmaceuticals Ltd, Hinjwadi, Pune, India; Govender, T., Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Kruger, H.G., Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) has commonly been used to help the patients to recover from neutropenia inflicted due to radiotherapy, organ transplants and chemotherapy. As the number of people undergoing these therapies and procedures are increasing world-wide, the need for more economical ways of G-CSF production and improvement in its efficacy has become increasingly crucial. In the present study, recombinant human G-CSF (rhG-CSF) was expressed in E. coli and its purification process was optimized by demonstrating better efficiency and higher recoveries (upto 54%) in a multi-step chromatographic purification process, which is greater than the existing reports. Additionally, the efficacy of rhG-CSF was increased by derivatizing with polyethylene glycol (PEG; upto 85% PEGylation), which increases the plasma clearance time, reduces the immunogenicity and requires less frequent administration to the patient. Overall, the present study suggests a cost-effective purification process of rhG-CSF and also proposes its efficient conjugation with PEG for enhanced efficacy as compared to the existing commercially available forms. © 2015 Bentham Science Publishers.	Chromatography; Neutropenia; Pegylation; Purification; Rhg-csf	macrogol; recombinant granulocyte colony stimulating factor; granulocyte colony stimulating factor; macrogol derivative; polyethylene glycol 1000; recombinant protein; Article; cost effectiveness analysis; drug conjugation; drug efficacy; drug formulation; drug purification; drug screening; Escherichia coli; immunogenicity; in vitro study; ion exchange chromatography; nonhuman; plasma clearance; process optimization; protein expression; biosynthesis; chemistry; human; isolation and purification; metabolism; Escherichia coli; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; Humans; Polyethylene Glycols; Recombinant Proteins	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878542959	The experimental evaluation and molecular dynamics simulation of a heat-enhanced transdermal delivery system	Otto D.P., De Villiers M.M.	2013	AAPS PharmSciTech	14	1	10.1208/s12249-012-9900-6	Catalysis and Synthesis Research Group, Faculty of Natural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa; School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, United States	Otto, D.P., Catalysis and Synthesis Research Group, Faculty of Natural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa; De Villiers, M.M., School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, United States	Transdermal delivery systems are useful in cases where preferred routes such as the oral route are not available. However, low overall extent of delivery is seen due to the permeation barrier posed by the skin. Chemical penetration enhancers and invasive methods that disturb the structural barrier function of the skin can be used to improve transdermal drug delivery. However, for suitable drugs, a fast-releasing transdermal delivery system can be produced by incorporating a heating source into a transdermal patch. In this study, a molecular dynamics simulation showed that heat increased the diffusivity of the drug molecules, resulting in faster release from gels containing ketoprofen, diclofenac sodium, and lidocaine HCl. Simulations were confirmed by in vitro drug release studies through lipophilic membranes. These correlations could expand the application of heated transdermal delivery systems for use as fast-release-dosage forms. © 2012 American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists.	diffusion; heated patch; ketoprofen; molecular dynamics; transdermal	diclofenac; ketoprofen; lidocaine; article; chemical reaction; correlation analysis; diffusion; drug delivery system; drug release; experimental study; gel; heat; heating; in vitro study; lipophilicity; molecular dynamics; priority journal; skin conductance; skin penetration; transdermal patch; Administration, Cutaneous; Gels; Hot Temperature; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Permeability	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-62949233101	How gold deposition affects anatase performance in the photo-catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane	Carneiro J.T., Yang C.-C., Moma J.A., Moulijn J.A., Mul G.	2009	Catalysis Letters	129	42371	10.1007/s10562-008-9801-1	Catalysis Engineering, DelftChemTech, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, Netherlands; Project Au-TEK Catalysis, Advanced Materials Division, MINTEK, Private Bag X3015, Randburg, South Africa	Carneiro, J.T., Catalysis Engineering, DelftChemTech, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, Netherlands; Yang, C.-C., Catalysis Engineering, DelftChemTech, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, Netherlands; Moma, J.A., Project Au-TEK Catalysis, Advanced Materials Division, MINTEK, Private Bag X3015, Randburg, South Africa; Moulijn, J.A., Catalysis Engineering, DelftChemTech, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, Netherlands; Mul, G., Catalysis Engineering, DelftChemTech, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, Netherlands	Gold deposition on Hombikat UV100 was found to negatively affect the activity of this Anatase catalyst in selective photo-oxidation of cyclohexane. By ammonia TPD and DRIFT spectroscopy it was determined that the Au deposition procedure leads to a significant decrease in OH-group density (mol m -2 BET) on Hombikat, suggesting that the amount of surface OH-groups, rather than the presence or absence of Au, is determining the catalytic performance. The importance of surface OH-groups was demonstrated by comparing the performance of Hombikat (with and without Au deposition) to surface propoxylated TiO2, synthesized by a sol-gel method from titanium (IV) isopropoxide. The effect of the deposition recipe of noble metals on the surface composition of TiO2 should thus be taken into account in evaluating and explaining photocatalytic performance of TiO2 modified by noble metals (Au), in particular in non-aqueous phase reactions. © 2009 The Author(s).	Au; Cyclohexane; DRIFT; NH3; OH-group density; Oxidation; Photocatalysis; Sol-gel; TiO2; Titanium (IV) isopropoxide	Catalyst activity; Cyclohexane; Fullerenes; Gelation; Gels; Gold deposits; Photocatalysis; Precious metals; Sol-gel process; Sol-gels; Sols; Titanium; Titanium dioxide; Titanium oxides; Au; DRIFT; NH<sub>3</sub>; OH-group density; Sol-gel; TiO<sub>2</sub>; Catalytic oxidation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-13844272012	Practical process for the air oxidation of cresols: Part B. evaluation of the laboratory-scale oxidation process	Barton B., Logie C.G., Schoonees B.M., Zeelie B.	2005	Organic Process Research and Development	9	1	10.1021/op049844j	Catalysis Research Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Port Elizabeth Technikon, Private Bag X6011, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa	Barton, B., Catalysis Research Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Port Elizabeth Technikon, Private Bag X6011, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa; Logie, C.G., Catalysis Research Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Port Elizabeth Technikon, Private Bag X6011, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa; Schoonees, B.M., Catalysis Research Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Port Elizabeth Technikon, Private Bag X6011, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa; Zeelie, B., Catalysis Research Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Port Elizabeth Technikon, Private Bag X6011, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa	Mechanistic proposals and predictions made in a preceding paper (Part A) were evaluated by carrying out the catalytic air oxidation of p-cresol in an alternative solvent system, comprising either a mixture of ethylene glycol and acetic acid (for oxidations under acidic conditions) or ethylene glycol and water (for oxidations under basic conditions). The results obtained in these experiments confirmed that ethylene glycol acts as a nucleophile in these solvent systems, thereby stabilizing the quinomethide intermediate and resulting in highly efficient oxidations in both alkaline and acidic media. 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, the desired product, was thus obtained in isolated yields of up to 98% and purities >99%. The inherent draw-backs associated with alkaline methanol and aqueous acetic acid solutions were thus circumvented, and the result is a highly efficient process for the production of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde.	None	acetic acid; cresol; ethylene glycol; quinone derivative; water; acidity; alkalinity; article; catalysis; chemical reaction; molecular mechanics; molecular stability; oxidation kinetics; prediction; reaction analysis; scale up	None
WoS	WOS:000271954100013	A Critical Analysis of the Social and Economic Impact of Asian Diaspora in Kenya	Afolabi, N,Akala, Winston Jumba,Falola, T,Kiruthu, Felix,Ogino, Francis	2007	TRANS-ATLANTIC MIGRATION: THE PARADOXES OF EXILE	None	None	None	Catholic University of Eastern Africa, University of Nairobi	"Akala, Winston Jumba: Catholic University of Eastern Africa","Kiruthu, Felix: University of Nairobi","Ogino, Francis: University of Nairobi"	None	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247116067	Role of the data safety and monitoring board in an international trial	Caceres C.F., Celentano D.D., Coates T.J., Hartwell T.D., Kasprzyk D., Kelly J.A., Kozlov A.P., Pequegnat W., Rotheram-Borus M.J., Solomon S., Woelk G., Wu Z.	2007	AIDS	21	None	10.1097/01.aids.0000266462.33891.0b	Cayetano Heredia University (UPCH), Costa Rica; Johns Hopkins University, United States; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), United States; RTI International, United States; Medical College of Wisconsin, United States; Biomedical Center, St. Petersburg State University, Russian Federation; National Institute of Mental Health; UCLA, United States; YRG Centre for AIDS Research and Education (YRG CARE), India; University of Zimbabwe Medical School, Zimbabwe; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China	Caceres, C.F., Cayetano Heredia University (UPCH), Costa Rica; Celentano, D.D., Johns Hopkins University, United States; Coates, T.J., David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), United States; Hartwell, T.D., RTI International, United States; Kasprzyk, D.; Kelly, J.A., Medical College of Wisconsin, United States; Kozlov, A.P., Biomedical Center, St. Petersburg State University, Russian Federation; Pequegnat, W., National Institute of Mental Health; Rotheram-Borus, M.J., UCLA, United States; Solomon, S., YRG Centre for AIDS Research and Education (YRG CARE), India; Woelk, G., University of Zimbabwe Medical School, Zimbabwe; Wu, Z., Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China	OBJECTIVE: To describe the composition and role of the data safety and monitoring board (DSMB) for the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Collaborative HIV/STD Prevention Trial. DESIGN: NIMH appointed to the DSMB nine members representing the following areas of expertise: prevention science, ethnography, infectious diseases (especially HIV and sexually transmitted diseases), laboratory diagnostics, clinical practice, methodology, international trial experience, statistics, and ethics. METHODS: The DSMB assessed the overall study for any concern about plans or implementation and reviewed cumulative study data to evaluate the safety of study participants, the ongoing conduct of the study, and the scientific validity and integrity of the Trial. Because of the Trial's international scope, the DSMB examined the effects of cultural differences on study implementation and fidelity. RESULTS: Among the DSMB recommendations that strengthened the Trial was one to conduct initial epidemiological studies of the venues selected for the intervention to verify risk and to establish intraclass correlation coefficients that could be used to calculate appropriate sample sizes. CONCLUSIONS: The DSMB played a critical role in this Trial. Because members have the expertise required to monitor the Trial, are not involved in the daily management of the Trial, and can review interim analyses and adverse event reports, they are in an excellent position to provide expert advice to ensure that the Trial's goals are achieved and that NIH funds are well invested. © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.	Community popular opinion leader; Data safety and monitoring board; HIV; Sexually transmitted diseases	article; clinical practice; cultural factor; data analysis; ethics; ethnography; health care organization; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infection; laboratory test; medical research; methodology; monitoring; policy; priority journal; sample size; sexually transmitted disease; statistical analysis; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; China; Clinical Trials Data Monitoring Committees; Community Networks; Confidentiality; Data Collection; Developing Countries; Female; Humans; India; International Cooperation; Male; Multicenter Studies; National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.); Peru; Randomized Controlled Trials; Research Design; Risk Reduction Behavior; Russia; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; United States; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-75149191449	Development of a performance-rating scale for a nutrition knowledge test developed for adolescents	Whati L., Senekal M., Steyn N.P., Lombard C., Nel J.	2009	Public Health Nutrition	12	10	10.1017/S1368980008004679	CDL Unit, South African Medical Research Council, PO Box 19070, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa; Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Biostatistics, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Logistics, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Whati, L., CDL Unit, South African Medical Research Council, PO Box 19070, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa; Senekal, M., Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Steyn, N.P., CDL Unit, South African Medical Research Council, PO Box 19070, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa; Lombard, C., Biostatistics, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Nel, J., Department of Logistics, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Objective The objectives of the present study were to (i) develop and validate a norm-referenced performance-rating scale to interpret a nutrition knowledge test developed for urban adolescents and (ii) develop a prototype for other researchers to follow when developing nutrition knowledge tests.Design For norm development the nutrition knowledge test (questionnaire) was administered to a sample representative of the questionnaire target group, referred to as the norm group. These included 512 adolescents in grades 8 (n 158), 10 (n 149) and 12 (n 205) at three randomly selected schools in Soweto and Johannesburg. The performance scores (in percentages) obtained by the norm group were transformed to Z-scores which were categorised into stanines using established Z-score cut-off points. For validation purposes the questionnaire was completed by 148 volunteers: sixty university dietetics students, nineteen non-nutrition university students and sixty-nine primary-school teachers.Results As required of an ideal norm group, the Z-scores formed a normal distribution (a bell-shaped curve). To facilitate interpretation of the results, the Z-score cut-off points for these categories were transformed back to performance scores (percentages) so that the performance of a testee could be interpreted directly from his/her performance in percentage. As is recommended, the nine stanine categories were reduced to five: very poor, fair/below average, good/average, very good/above average and excellent. The discriminatory validity of the norms was substantiated by showing that groups with known nutrition knowledge levels were rated appropriately and that the performance ratings of these groups differed significantly, with university dietetics students scoring 98.3 %, primary-school teachers 20.3 % and non-nutrition university students 31.6 %.Conclusions The norm-referenced performance-rating scale can be used with confidence to interpret the performance score achieved by a testee on the nutrition knowledge test developed for urban adolescents in South Africa. The methodology used in the study serves as a prototype for other researchers who are developing knowledge tests.	Adolescents; Knowledge questionnaire; Nutrition knowledge; Rating scale	adolescent; adult; article; attitude to health; human; normal distribution; nutrition; nutritional science; questionnaire; reference value; South Africa; urban population; validation study; Adolescent; Adult; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Normal Distribution; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Nutritional Sciences; Questionnaires; Reference Values; South Africa; Urban Population; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919329559	Severity and impact of acne vulgaris on the quality of life of adolescents in Nigeria	Ogedegbe E.E., Henshaw E.B.	2014	Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology	7	None	10.2147/CCID.S73302	Cedarcrest Hospital, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria; Department of Medicine, University of CalabarCross river state, Nigeria	Ogedegbe, E.E., Cedarcrest Hospital, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria; Henshaw, E.B., Department of Medicine, University of CalabarCross river state, Nigeria	Background: Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition, which affects most adolescents at some point in their lives. It has been found to have a signifcant impact on their psychological well-being and has been associated with depression and suicide ideation. Many studies have assessed the impact of acne vulgaris on the quality of life (QoL) in different population subgroups around the world, but there is a dearth of reports from the African subcontinent. This study thus seeks to assess the severity of acne vulgaris and determine its effect on the QoL of adolescents in Lagos, Nigeria.Methods: In a cross-sectional survey employing a two-stage sampling method, the severity of acne vulgaris and its impact on the QoL of adolescents attending a senior secondary school in Lagos, Nigeria was assessed using the Global Acne Grading Scale (GAGS) and the Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI), respectively. The correlation between the results of the GAGS and CADI was also determined.Results: One hundred and sixty adolescent students with acne were recruited, with males accounting for 51.9% and females 48.1%. The mean and standard deviation of the GAGS severity scores were 11.3±5.4 for males and 11.9±5.4 for females. Only one student had severe acne vulgaris (GAGS, 31–38), 10% moderate (GAGS, 19–30), and 89.4% mild (GAGS, 1–18). The overall CADI score was 3.4±3.0, which suggests mild impairment in QoL; however, the solitary student with severe acne had severe QoL impairment. There was a weak positive correlation between the GAGS and the CADI score.Conclusion: Most adolescents in our study had mild acne vulgaris, and the overall impact on their QoL was mild. However, the correlation between the psychosocial impact and acne severity was weak. There is a need for similar studies in other parts of the country and for further studies to determine the adequacy of the existing instruments in assessing the impact of acne vulgaris in Nigerian adolescents © 2014 Ogedegbe and Henshaw.	CADI; GAGS; Psychosocial impact; Skin disease; Teenage dermatosis	steroid; acne vulgaris; adolescent; Article; Cardiff Acne Disability Index; controlled study; cross-sectional study; disease severity; emotion; female; Global Acne Grading Scale; human; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; psychological aspect; quality of life; scoring system; sex difference; social interaction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940553981	In vivo evaluation of genetic and systemic toxicity of aqueous extracts of phyllanthus amarus in mice and rats	Bakare A.A., Oguntolu G.O., Adedokun L.A., Amao A.A., Oyeyemi I.T., Alimba C.G., Alabi O.A.	2015	International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research	7	4	None	Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Bakare, A.A., Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Oguntolu, G.O., Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adedokun, L.A., Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Amao, A.A., Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Oyeyemi, I.T., Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Alimba, C.G., Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Alabi, O.A., Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Phyllanthus amarus is a broad spectrum medicinal plant which has received world-wide recognition. However, there are concerns on the efficacy and safety of this plants' extract when used as medicinal herb. This study was therefore designed to investigate the genotoxicity of aqueous extract of P. amarus using the mouse micronucleus and sperm morphology assays. The potential effects of the extract on histology of the liver, kidney and testis, and blood parameters of rats were also investigated. Five concentrations: 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 mg/kg body weight of the extract were utilized and the test animals were orally exposed for ten consecutive days. Distilled water and cyclophosphamide were utilized as negative and positive controls respectively. Compared with the negative control, the extract induced increasing frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes and sperm abnormalities at tested concentrations; and this was significant (p<0.05) at some of the tested doses. There was significant (p<0.05) increase in total white blood cell and lymphocyte counts; and significant pathological changes in the liver, kidney and testis of exposed rats. Tannins, resins, cardiac glycolyside and phenols were analysed in the extract. These findings suggest that aqueous extract of P. amarus contained constituents capable of causing systemic and DNA damage in the mouse and rat. © 2015,International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research. All rights reserved.	DNA damage; Haematology; Histopathology; Micronucleus; Phyllanthus amarus; Sperm morphology	cyclophosphamide; distilled water; phenol derivative; Phyllanthus amarus extract; resin; tannin derivative; animal cell; animal experiment; animal tissue; Article; controlled study; DNA damage; drug effect; erythrocyte; genotoxicity; hematological parameters; in vivo study; kidney parenchyma; leukocyte count; liver histology; lymphocyte count; male; micronucleus test; morphology; mouse; nonhuman; rat; semen abnormality; sperm; testis; toxicity testing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856697469	Investigation into the use of short message services to expand uptake of human immunodeficiency virus testing, and whether content and dosage have impact	De Tolly K., Skinner D., Nembaware V., Benjamin P.	2012	Telemedicine and e-Health	18	1	10.1089/tmj.2011.0058	Cell-Life, CPUT BARC Building, 80 Roeland St., Cape Town 8001, South Africa; Research on Health and Society, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa	De Tolly, K., Cell-Life, CPUT BARC Building, 80 Roeland St., Cape Town 8001, South Africa; Skinner, D., Research on Health and Society, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa; Nembaware, V., Cell-Life, CPUT BARC Building, 80 Roeland St., Cape Town 8001, South Africa; Benjamin, P., Cell-Life, CPUT BARC Building, 80 Roeland St., Cape Town 8001, South Africa	Objective: South Africa has one of the highest human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence rates in the world, but despite the well-established benefits of HIV counseling and testing (HCT), there is low uptake of HCT. The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of using short message services (SMSs) to encourage HCT while interrogating the impact of altering SMS content and dosage (the number of SMSs). Materials and Methods: About 2,533 participants were recruited via an SMS sent to 24,000 mobiles randomly sampled from a pre-existing database. Recruits were randomly allocated to four intervention groups that received 3 or 10 informational (INFO) or motivational (MOTI) SMSs, and a control group. After the intervention, participants were prompted to go for HCT, and postintervention assessment was done after 3 weeks. Results: In comparison with the control, receipt of 10 MOTI messages had the most impact on uptake of HCT with a 1.7-fold increased odds of testing (confidence interval 95%; p=0.0036). The lack of efficacy of three SMSs indicates a threshold effect, that is, a minimum number of MOTI SMSs is required. INFO SMSs, whether 3 or 10 were sent, did not have a statistically significant effect. The cost can be calculated for the marginal effect of the SMSs, that is, the cost to get people to test over and above those who were likely to test without the intervention. Use of 10 MOTI SMSs yielded a cost-per-tester of $2.41. Conclusions: While there are methodological issues apparent in our study, the results demonstrate the potential of SMSs to influence the uptake of HCT, the importance of appropriate content, and the need to determine a threshold for SMS-based interventions. These results indicate a potential for SMSs to be used more generally for interventions encouraging people to take health-related actions, and the need for further research in this field. The reasonable cost-per-tester is promising for the scale-up of such an intervention. © 2012 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.	e-health; HIV; HIV testing; telecommunications; telehealth	Confidence interval; Control groups; Ehealth; HIV; Human immunodeficiency virus; Marginal effects; Prevalence rates; Scale-up; Short message services; South Africa; Telehealth; Threshold effect; Diseases; Medical computing; Telecommunication; Viruses; Costs	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77950236868	Evaluation of cost-effective total nucleic acids extraction protocols for cultured Mycobacterium tuberculosis; A comparison by PCR amplification of genes associated with drug resistance	Awua A.K., Doe E.D., Gyamfi O.K.	2010	BMC Research Notes	3	None	10.1186/1756-0500-3-48	Cellular and Clinical Research Centre, Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana	Awua, A.K., Cellular and Clinical Research Centre, Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana; Doe, E.D., Cellular and Clinical Research Centre, Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana; Gyamfi, O.K., Cellular and Clinical Research Centre, Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana	Background: The emergence of drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex has made the management of tuberculosis difficult. Also, Mycobacterium species has a peculiar cell wall, made of an impermeable complex structure rich in mycolate, making the lyses of its cell difficult. In order to apply a radio-labelled-probe based detection of mutations in selected genes leading to drug resistance, we concede that the evaluation and modifications of nucleic acid extraction protocols that are less sophisticated and less prone to contamination would be useful in the management of tuberculosis in a resource-constrained setting. Findings. The average amount of nucleic acids was determined for different extraction treatments. High temperature treatment only, yielded the lowest amount of nucleic acids, i.e. 15.7 ± 3.2 μg. The average amount of nucleic acids obtained with the addition of TE and triton-X100, was 133.7 ± 8.9 μg, while that obtained with the addition of TE only, and TE and SDS were 68.4 ± 22.7 μg and 70.4 ± 20.3 μg respectively. Other treatments yielded 28.8 ± 6.7 μg, 32.5 ± 2.4 g and 36.9 ± 15.5 μg. The average amount of nucleic acids obtained with high temperature treatment in TE, and that obtained by freezing prior to high temperature treatment, successfully amplified for the genes of interest (rpoB, KatG, rrs). Conclusion. We strongly recommend the use of 1× TE buffer, and freezing and heating for improved lysis of cultured M. tuberculosis, and therefore, as an effective method for the preparation of M. tuberculosis nucleic acid useful for PCR. © 2010 Awua et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	None
None	None	Potential impact of host immunity on malaria treatment outcome in Tanzanian children infected with Plasmodium falciparum	Enevold A., Nkya W.M.M.M., Theisen M., Vestergaard L.S., Jensen A.T., Staalsoe T., Theander T.G., Bygbjerg I.C., Alifrangis M.	2007	Malaria Journal	6	None	10.1186/1475-2875-6-153	Centre for Medical Parasitology, Institute of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Mbeya Referral Hospital (MRH), Mbeya, Tanzania; Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Epidemiology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark	Enevold, A., Centre for Medical Parasitology, Institute of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Nkya, W.M.M.M., Mbeya Referral Hospital (MRH), Mbeya, Tanzania; Theisen, M., Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; Vestergaard, L.S., Centre for Medical Parasitology, Institute of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Epidemiology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jensen, A.T., Centre for Medical Parasitology, Institute of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Staalsoe, T., Centre for Medical Parasitology, Institute of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Theander, T.G., Centre for Medical Parasitology, Institute of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Bygbjerg, I.C., Centre for Medical Parasitology, Institute of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Alifrangis, M., Centre for Medical Parasitology, Institute of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark	Background. In malaria endemic areas children may recover from malaria after chemotherapy in spite of harbouring genotypically drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. This phenomenon suggests that there is a synergy between drug treatment and acquired immunity. This hypothesis was examined in an area of moderately intense transmission of P. falciparum in Tanzania during a drug trail with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) or amodiaquine (AQ). Methods. One hundred children with uncomplicated malaria were treated with either SP or AQ and followed for 28 days. Mutations in parasite genes related to SP and AQ-resistance as well as human sickle cell trait and alpha-thalassaemia were determined using PCR and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (SSOP-ELISA), and IgG antibody responses to a panel of P. falciparum antigens were assessed and related to treatment outcome. Results. Parasitological or clinical treatment failure (TF) was observed in 68% and 38% of children receiving SP or AQ, respectively. In those with adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR) compared to children with TF, and for both treatment regimens, prevalence and levels of anti-Glutamate-rich Protein (GLURP)-specific IgG antibodies were significantly higher (P < 0.001), while prevalence of parasite haplotypes associated with SP and AQ resistance was lower (P = 0.02 and P = 0.07, respectively). Interestingly, anti-GLURP-IgG antibodies were more strongly associated with treatment outcome than parasite resistant haplotypes, while the IgG responses to none of the other 11 malaria antigens were not significantly associated with ACPR. Conclusion. These findings suggest that GLURP-specific IgG antibodies in this setting contribute to clearance of drug-resistant infections and support the hypothesis that acquired immunity enhances the clinical efficacy of drug therapy. The results should be confirmed in larger scale with greater sample size and with variation in transmission intensity. © 2007 Enevold et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	amodiaquine; fansidar; immunoglobulin G; protein antibody; glutamate rich protein, Plasmodium; glutamate-rich protein, Plasmodium; protozoal protein; protozoon antibody; pyrimethamine; sulfadoxine; sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine; unclassified drug; alpha thalassemia; antibody response; article; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; female; gene mutation; haplotype; human; infant; major clinical study; malaria falciparum; male; oligonucleotide probe; parasite immunity; Plasmodium falciparum; polymerase chain reaction; preschool child; prevalence; randomized controlled trial; sickle cell trait; Tanzania; treatment failure; treatment outcome; animal; blood; drug combination; drug effect; drug resistance; genetics; immunocompetence; immunology; methodology; Amodiaquine; Animals; Antibodies, Protozoan; Child, Preschool; Drug Combinations; Drug Resistance; Female; Humans; Immunocompetence; Immunoglobulin G; Infant; Malaria, Falciparum; Male; Plasmodium falciparum; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Protozoan Proteins; Pyrimethamine; Sulfadoxine; Tanzania; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053163686	Impact of aging vs. estrogen loss on cardiac gene expression: Estrogen replacement and inflammation	Pechenino A.S., Lin L., Mbai F.N., Lee A.R., He X.-M., Stallone J.N., Knowlton A.A.	2011	Physiological Genomics	43	18	10.1152/physiolgenomics.00228.2010	Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States; Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States; VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, United States; Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Shanghai Rongjian Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Shanghai, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A and M, College Station, TX, United States	Pechenino, A.S., Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States; Lin, L., Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; Mbai, F.N., Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States, Institute of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Lee, A.R., Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States; He, X.-M., Shanghai Rongjian Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Shanghai, China; Stallone, J.N., Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A and M, College Station, TX, United States; Knowlton, A.A., Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States, Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States, VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, United States	Despite an abundance of evidence to the contrary from animal studies, large clinical trials on humans have shown that estrogen administered to postmenopausal women increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, timing may be everything, as estrogen is often administered immediately after ovariectomy (Ovx) in animal studies, while estrogen administration in human studies occurred many years postmenopause. This study investigates the discrepancy by administering 17β-estradiol (E2) in a slow-release capsule to Norway Brown rats both immediately following Ovx and 9 wk post-Ovx (Late), and studying differences in gene expression between these two groups compared with age-matched Ovx and sham-operated animals. Two different types of microarray were used to analyze the left ventricles from these groups: an Affymetrix array (n = 3/group) and an inflammatory cytokines and receptors PCR array (n = 4/group). Key genes were analyzed by Western blotting. Ovx without replacement led to an increase in caspase 3, caspase 9, calpain 2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)9, and TNF-α. Caspase 6, STAT3, and CD11b increased in the Late group, while tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2, MMP14, and collagen I α1 were decreased. MADD and fibronectin were increased in both Ovx and Late. TNF-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein levels increased with Late replacement. Many of these changes were prevented by early E2 replacement. These findings suggest that increased expression of inflammatory genes, such as TNF-α and iNOS, may be involved in some of the deleterious effects of delayed E2 administration seen in human studies.	Cardiovascular disease; Timing hypothesis	calpain 2; caspase 3; caspase 6; caspase 9; CD11b antigen; collagen; collagen I alpha1; estradiol; estrogen; fibronectin; gelatinase B; inducible nitric oxide synthase; matrix metalloproteinase 14; STAT3 protein; tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 4; tumor necrosis factor alpha; unclassified drug; aging; animal experiment; apoptosis; article; cardiovascular disease; cardiovascular function; concentration (parameters); controlled study; depletion; drug capsule; drug release; esterogen loss; estrogen therapy; female; gene expression; heart left ventricle; inflammation; microarray analysis; nonhuman; ovariectomy; polymerase chain reaction; priority journal; rat; Western blotting; Aging; Animals; Apoptosis; Blotting, Western; Estrogen Replacement Therapy; Estrogens; Extracellular Matrix; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Inflammation; Models, Biological; Myocardium; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Rats; Rats, Inbred BN; Signal Transduction; Animalia; Rattus norvegicus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926486534	Effect of multi-enzyme mixtures on performance and nutrient utilization in broilers fed diets containing different types of cereals and industrial by-products	Waititu S.M., Rogiewicz A., Slominski B.A., Maina J.G., Ochanda J.O., Nyachoti C.M.	2014	Journal of Poultry Science	51	4	10.2141/jpsa.0130213	Center for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Animal Production, University of Nairobi, Kenya	Waititu, S.M., Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Rogiewicz, A., Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Slominski, B.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Maina, J.G., Department of Animal Production, University of Nairobi, Kenya; Ochanda, J.O., Center for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Nairobi, Kenya; Nyachoti, C.M., Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada	The effect of 3 multi-enzyme mixtures (MEM), A, B and C, having equivalent phytase activities but with different activities of carbohydrases (except invertase) and protease on growth performance and nutrient utilization in broiler chickens fed diets containing different types of cereals and industrial by-products was investigated. Day-old broiler chicks (N＝400) were distributed in a completely randomized design, with8 treatments of 10 replicates eac Two control diets, one consisted of wheat, corn, soybean meal, canola meal and wheat-corn distillers dried grains with solubles (WCS), and one withsorgum, cottonseed meal, sunflower meal and brewer's dried grains (SCS) were formulated and fed to birds without or with one of the 3 MEM. Feed intake (FI) and body weight gain (BWG) were determined weekly. On day 20 excreta samples were collected for determination of total tract apparent retention (TTAR) of nutrients and nitrogen corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn). On day 22, eight birds per treatment were killed by cervical dislocation to collect jejunal and ileal digesta for determination of viscosity and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients, respectively. Diet and enzyme interactions were only detected for overall feed conversion ratio (FCR, P＜0.001) withMEM B and MEM C shown to reduce overall FCR in birds offered SCS and WCS diets, respectively. Most observed differences were due to diet type showing that birds offered WCS diets had higher FI (P＜0.0001) and BWG (P＜0.0001) throughout the experiment, higher wk 1 FCR (P＜0.0001), higher AMEn (P＜0.0001) and TTAR of P (P＜0.0001) and NDF (P＜0.0001) compared with SCS diets. In conclusion, the MEM did not affect growth performance and nutrient utilization though MEM B and MEM C acted differently to reduce overall FCR in birds offered SCS and WCS diets, respectively. © 2014, Japan Poultry Science Association.	Broiler; Multi-enzyme mixtures; Nutrient utilization; Performance	Aves; Brassica napus var. napus; Gallus gallus; Glycine max; Helianthus; Micropus; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870778474	Simulating impact of seasonal climatic variation on the response of maize (Zea mays L.) to inorganic fertilizer in sub-humid Ghana	Fosu-Mensah B.Y., MacCarthy D.S., Vlek P.L.G., Safo E.Y.	2012	Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems	94	42403	10.1007/s10705-012-9539-4	Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter-Flex Strasse 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany; Soil and Irrigation Research Centre, Kpong, College of Agriculture and Consumer Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 68, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Crops and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Fosu-Mensah, B.Y., Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter-Flex Strasse 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany; MacCarthy, D.S., Soil and Irrigation Research Centre, Kpong, College of Agriculture and Consumer Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 68, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Vlek, P.L.G., Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter-Flex Strasse 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany; Safo, E.Y., Department of Crops and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Under low input subsistence farming systems, increased pressure on land use and decreased fallow periods have led to a decline in soil productivity. The soils in sub-humid region of Ghana are generally poor and require mineral fertilizer to increase crop productivity. This paper presents the use of Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) to simulate the long term influence of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on maize (Zea mays L.) yield in Sub-humid Ghana. The APSIM model was evaluated at two sites in Ejura, on a rainfed experiment carried out on maize in 2008 major and minor seasons, under various nitrogen and phosphorus rates. The model was able to reproduce the response of maize to water, N and P, and hence simulated maize grain yields with a coefficient of correlation (R2) of 0. 90 and 0. 88 for Obatanpa and Dorke cultivars, respectively. A 21-year long term simulation, with different rates of N and P mineral fertilizer application, revealed that moderate application of N (60 kg N ha-1) and 30 kg P ha-1 improves both the long term average and the minimum yearly guaranteed yield. Variability in grain yield increased with increasing application of N fertilizer in both seasons. Treatments with P fertilizer application shows a similar trend for the major season and reverse trend for the minor season, thereby suggesting an interactive effect with rainfall amounts and distribution. Application of 30 kg P ha-1 significantly increased the response to N. The response to mineral fertilizer (N and P) applications varied between seasons, suggesting the need to have a range of fertilizer recommendations to be applied based on seasonal weather forecast. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Maize; Modelling; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Productivity; Simulation	agricultural production; cultivar; ecological modeling; farming system; fertilizer application; humid environment; maize; mineral; nitrogen; numerical model; phosphorus; physiological response; rainfall; reproduction; seasonal variation; weather forecasting; Ghana; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958070993	Evaluation of soil quality identified by local farmers in Mai-Negus catchment, northern Ethiopia	Tesfahunegn G.B., Tamene L., Vlek P.L.G.	2011	Geoderma	163	42433	10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.04.016	Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany; Aksum University, Faculty of Agriculture and Rural Development, P.O. Box 287, Aksum, Ethiopia; International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Chitedze Agricultural Research Station, P.O. Box 158, Lilongwe, Malawi	Tesfahunegn, G.B., Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany, Aksum University, Faculty of Agriculture and Rural Development, P.O. Box 287, Aksum, Ethiopia; Tamene, L., International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Chitedze Agricultural Research Station, P.O. Box 158, Lilongwe, Malawi; Vlek, P.L.G., Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany	Though soil quality (SQ) degradation is a serious challenge to national food security, little information is available that evaluate farmer SQ knowledge vis-à-vis scientific knowledge at catchment scale in Ethiopia. Scientific soil analysis is not an effective approach for SQ assessment in developing regions. An alternative option to evaluate using farmer knowledge is thus necessary but this can be sound after verified scientifically in the context of each region. The present study aims to evaluate SQ status (categories) identified by local farmers using scientific soil measurements, and assess their potential as indicators of soil degradation for decision making in the Mai-Negus catchment, northern Ethiopia. In this study, the scientifically measured soil attributes significantly differed (P ≤ 0.05) among the SQ categories identified by the local farmers. Using variables retained in the four identified component factors, discriminant analysis identified soil porosity to be the most powerful variable that can help discriminate the SQ status. The study shows that farmer derived SQ status (low, medium, high) could be crucial in providing basis for management and policy decision making as validated by analytical components. Therefore, attention should be given toward integrating farmer knowledge in SQ management to increase chance of technology adoption by farmers. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Local farmer; Mai-Negus catchment; Northern Ethiopia; Soil attributes; Soil quality; Soil quality status	Catchment scale; Developing regions; Ethiopia; Farmer knowledge; Local farmer; Mai-Negus catchment; National Foods; Northern Ethiopia; Policy decisions; Scientific knowledge; Soil analysis; Soil degradation; Soil measurement; Soil Porosity; Soil quality; Technology adoption; Agriculture; Catchments; Decision making; Degradation; Discriminant analysis; Food supply; Rating; Runoff; Soils; Quality control; agricultural worker; catchment; farmers knowledge; food security; policy making; soil analysis; soil degradation; soil property; soil quality; technology adoption; Ethiopia; Tigray	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898040263	Impact of choice of NRTI in first-line antiretroviral therapy: A cohort analysis of stavudine vs. tenofovir	Brennan A.T., Shearer K., Maskew M., Long L., Sanne I., Fox M.P.	2014	Tropical Medicine and International Health	19	5	10.1111/tmi.12285	Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Clinical HIV Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Right to Care, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States	Brennan, A.T., Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States, Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Shearer, K., Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Maskew, M., Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Long, L., Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Sanne, I., Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States, Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Clinical HIV Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Right to Care, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fox, M.P., Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States, Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States	Objective: In April 2010, South Africa replaced stavudine with tenofovir in first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) despite tenofovir's higher cost. We examined treatment outcomes over 24 months amongst patients initiated on tenofovir-based vs. stavudine-based first-line regimens. Methods: Prospective cohort analysis of 3940 patients newly initiating either stavudine-based (April 2009 to March 2010) or tenofovir-based (April 2010 to March 2011) ART in Johannesburg, South Africa. Cox proportional hazards models and Fine and Gray's competing risk regression accounting for death were used to model mortality and loss to follow-up, respectively. Linear and log-binomial regression were used to evaluate associations with immunologic response and unsuppressed virus (≥400 copies/ml), respectively. Results: About 1878 patients prescribed tenofovir and 2062 patients prescribed stavudine were included. One hundred and sixty-six (8.8%) tenofovir and 244 (11.8%) stavudine patients died. Three hundred and fifty (18.6%) tenofovir and 379 (18.4%) stavudine patients were lost to follow-up over 24 months on ART. Adjusted regression models showed tenofovir and stavudine were comparable regarding death, loss to follow-up, immunologic response and virologic status. Conclusions: We found no difference in mortality, loss to follow-up, immunological and virologic outcomes over the first 24-months on ART associated with tenofovir compared with stavudine. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.	Antiretroviral therapy; Drug toxicities; Resource-limited setting; Stavudine; Tenofovir; Treatment outcomes	stavudine; tenofovir; adenine; anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; phosphonic acid derivative; stavudine; tenofovir; antimicrobial activity; cohort analysis; cost-benefit analysis; disease treatment; immune system; mortality; numerical model; regression analysis; toxicity; virus; adult; antiviral therapy; article; cohort analysis; controlled study; female; follow up; government; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immune response; major clinical study; male; middle aged; mortality; prospective study; South Africa; treatment outcome; young adult; adolescent; analogs and derivatives; comparative study; highly active antiretroviral therapy; HIV Infections; procedures; proportional hazards model; survival; survival rate; virology; virus load; Gauteng; Johannesburg; South Africa; Adenine; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Cohort Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Organophosphonates; Proportional Hazards Models; Prospective Studies; South Africa; Stavudine; Survival Analysis; Survival Rate; Treatment Outcome; Viral Load; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901455920	Impact of mobile phone-based money transfer services in agriculture: Evidence from Kenya	Kirui O.K., Okello J.J., Nyikal R.A., Njiraini G.W.	2013	Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture	52	2	None	Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany; University of Nairobi, Kenya	Kirui, O.K., Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany; Okello, J.J., University of Nairobi, Kenya; Nyikal, R.A., University of Nairobi, Kenya; Njiraini, G.W., Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany	This study contributes to pioneering literature on the impact of mobile phone-based money transfer, especially in agriculture. It provides information regarding financial intermediation to the excluded through the use of new generation Information Communication Technology (ICT) tools, especially the mobile phone. The study employs propensity score matching technique to examine the impact of MMT services on household agricultural input use, agricultural commercialization and farm incomes among farm households in Kenya. It uses cross-sectional data collected from 379 multi-stage randomly selected households in three provinces of Kenya. The study found that use of mobile phone-based money transfer services significantly increased level of annual household input use by $42, household agricultural commercialization by 37% and household annual income by $224. We conclude that mobile phone-based money transfer services in rural areas help to resolve a market failure that farmers face; access to financial services. We discuss implications for policy and practice.	Impact; Kenya; M-PESA; Mobile phones; Money transfer; Smallholder farmers	agricultural economics; agricultural technology; agricultural worker; commercialization; financial policy; financial services; household income; information and communication technology; mobile communication; rural finance; smallholder; Kenya	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930091797	The short-term impact of price shocks on food security-Evidence from urban and rural Ethiopia	Matz J.A., Kalkuhl M., Abegaz G.A.	2015	Food Security	7	3	10.1007/s12571-015-0467-4	Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, Bonn, Germany; Ethiopian Economics Association/Ethiopian Economic Policy Research Institute and International Food Policy Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Matz, J.A., Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, Bonn, Germany; Kalkuhl, M., Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, Bonn, Germany; Abegaz, G.A., Ethiopian Economics Association/Ethiopian Economic Policy Research Institute and International Food Policy Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	This study investigates the impact of food price changes on food security in urban and rural Ethiopia. Using a quarterly household survey panel dataset and price data collected directly at markets, a negative effect of high cereal prices on some, but not all considered indicators of food security was found, controlling for unobserved heterogeneity across households. The results indicate that increases in cereal prices are generally, but not always, associated with households having a lower number of meals and switching to less preferred foods. Diet diversity and calorie consumption, however, show no clear response to grain price changes. Only partly in line with existing notions, our results suggest that the aggregate effect is negative for both the urban and rural populations (with the strongest among the urban poor) but that even poor households are able to maintain their basic food consumption through periods of moderate price changes. © 2015, The Author(s).	Ethiopia; Food and nutrition security; Food price inflation	food consumption; food policy; food security; household survey; price dynamics; socioeconomic conditions; Ethiopia	None
None	None	Wastewater treatment performance efficiency of constructed wetlands in African countries: A review	Mekonnen A., Leta S., Njau K.N.	2015	Water Science and Technology	71	1	10.2166/wst.2014.483	Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural Science, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 33348, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania	Mekonnen, A., Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural Science, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 33348, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Leta, S., Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural Science, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 33348, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Njau, K.N., Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania	In Africa, different studies have been conducted at different scales to evaluate wastewater treatment efficiency of constructed wetland. This paper aims to review the treatment performance efficiency of constructed wetland used in African countries. In the reviewed papers, the operational parameters, size and type of wetland used and the treatment efficiency are assessed. The results are organized and presented in six tables based on the type of wetland and wastewater used in the study. The results of the review papers indicated that most of the studies were conducted in Tanzania, Egypt and Kenya. In Kenya and Tanzania, different full-scale wetlands are widely used in treating wastewater. Among wetland type, horizontal subsurface flow wetlands were widely studied followed by surface flow and hybrid wetlands. Most of the reported hybrid wetlands were in Kenya. The results of the review papers indicated that wetlands are efficient in removing organic matter (biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand) and suspended solids. On the other hand, nutrient removal efficiency appeared to be low. © IWA Publishing 2015.	Constructed wetland; Horizontal subsurface flow; Removal efficiency; Surface flow	Biochemical oxygen demand; Chemical oxygen demand; Efficiency; Oxygen; Wastewater treatment; Constructed wetlands; Horizontal subsurface flow; Nutrient removal efficiency; Operational parameters; Removal efficiencies; Surface flow; Treatment performance; Wastewater treatment efficiencies; Wetlands; organic matter; phosphorus; surface water; constructed wetland; pollutant removal; sewage treatment; subsurface flow; surface flux; Africa; Article; biochemical oxygen demand; chemical oxygen demand; constructed wetland; nonhuman; nutrient loading; sludge dewatering; suspended particulate matter; waste water management; Egypt; Kenya; sewage; standards; Tanzania; wetland; Egypt; Kenya; Tanzania; Africa; Egypt; Kenya; Tanzania; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Wetlands	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856804402	Modeling variable river flow velocity on continental scale: Current situation and climate change impacts in Europe	Verzano K., Bärlund I., Flörke M., Lehner B., Kynast E., Voß F., Alcamo J.	2012	Journal of Hydrology	None	None	10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.01.005	Center for Environmental Systems Research (CESR), University of Kassel, Kurt-Wolters-Str. 3, 34109 Kassel, Germany; Department of Geography, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 2K6, Canada; United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya	Verzano, K., Center for Environmental Systems Research (CESR), University of Kassel, Kurt-Wolters-Str. 3, 34109 Kassel, Germany; Bärlund, I., Center for Environmental Systems Research (CESR), University of Kassel, Kurt-Wolters-Str. 3, 34109 Kassel, Germany; Flörke, M., Center for Environmental Systems Research (CESR), University of Kassel, Kurt-Wolters-Str. 3, 34109 Kassel, Germany; Lehner, B., Department of Geography, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 2K6, Canada; Kynast, E., Center for Environmental Systems Research (CESR), University of Kassel, Kurt-Wolters-Str. 3, 34109 Kassel, Germany; Voß, F., Center for Environmental Systems Research (CESR), University of Kassel, Kurt-Wolters-Str. 3, 34109 Kassel, Germany; Alcamo, J., Center for Environmental Systems Research (CESR), University of Kassel, Kurt-Wolters-Str. 3, 34109 Kassel, Germany, United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya	This paper introduces an approach to route discharge with a variable river flow velocity based on the Manning-Strickler formula within large scale hydrological models. The approach has been developed for the global scale hydrological model WaterGAP and model results have been analyzed focusing on Europe. The goal was to find a method that is simple enough to derive the required parameters from globally available data while being sophisticated enough to deliver realistic flow velocity estimates for a large variety of environmental conditions. The river bed roughness (Manning's n) is approximated in a spatially explicit way based on topography, the location of urban population, and river sinuosity. The hydraulic radius is estimated from actual river discharge, and river bed slope is derived by combining a high resolution DEM, a 5. arc min drainage direction map, and river sinuosity. The modeled river flow velocity has been validated against data of US gauging stations. The representation of lateral transport has clearly been improved compared to the constant flow velocity applied in older model versions. The effect of incorporating variable flow velocities as compared to a constant flow velocity is largest on flood discharge, which generally increases in large rivers. The impact on monthly discharge hydrographs is marginal only. WaterGAP has been driven by three climate change projections for the 2050s to assess climate change impacts on flow velocity, and on the residence time of water in the European river system. Results indicate a decrease in residence times for Northern Europe and an increase for parts of the Mediterranean. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Climate change; Manning's n; Manning-Strickler; Residence time; River flow velocity; WaterGAP	Climate change impact; Climate change projections; Constant flow; Continental scale; Current situation; Environmental conditions; Flood discharge; Gauging stations; Global scale; High-resolution DEM; Hydraulic radius; Hydrographs; Hydrological models; Large rivers; Large scale hydrological model; Lateral transport; Manning-Strickler; Model results; Residence time; River bed; River discharge; River systems; Spatially explicit; Urban population; Variable flow velocity; Velocity-based; WaterGAP; Climate change; Hydrology; Rivers; Stream flow; Flow velocity; bed roughness; climate change; environmental conditions; flow velocity; gauge; hydrograph; hydrological modeling; model validation; parameterization; residence time; river bed; river discharge; river flow; river system; Europe; Mediterranean Region	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858766258	Early impacts of orphaning: Health, nutrition, and food insecurity in a cohort of school-going adolescents in South Africa	DeSilva M.B., Skalicky A., Beard J., Cakwe M., Zhuwau T., Quinlan T., Simon J.	2012	Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies	7	1	10.1080/17450128.2011.648968	Center for Global Health and Development (CGHD), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Health Economics and AIDS Research Division (HEARD), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	DeSilva, M.B., Center for Global Health and Development (CGHD), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Skalicky, A., Center for Global Health and Development (CGHD), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Beard, J., Center for Global Health and Development (CGHD), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Cakwe, M., Health Economics and AIDS Research Division (HEARD), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Zhuwau, T., Health Economics and AIDS Research Division (HEARD), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Quinlan, T., Health Economics and AIDS Research Division (HEARD), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Simon, J., Center for Global Health and Development (CGHD), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States	We recruited a cohort of 157 recent orphans and 480 non-orphans aged 9-15 in a region of high HIV/AIDS mortality in South Africa using stratified cluster sampling to determine the impact of recent parental death on health and food insecurity of school-going orphans compared to non-orphans over time. Between September 2004 and June 2007, household heads, caregivers, and children were interviewed at three annual intervals. Bivariate associations and multivariate models were assessed using generalized estimating equations (GEE). In the health domain, compared to non-orphans, double orphans were more likely to report worse health status and being very ill in the previous 12 months. For those who reported being very ill, maternal or paternal orphans were more than twice as likely not to seek care than non-orphans; no differences were found for double orphans. For nutrition and food insecurity, maternal or paternal orphans were more likely not to have eaten dinner and to have gone to bed hungry the previous night compared to non-orphans; no differences were found for double orphans. Overall, recent school-aged orphans were disadvantaged in health and food insecurity within two years after the death of a parent, compared to their non-orphaned counterparts, but the disparities were smaller than expected. No changes in health, nutritional status, or food insecurity were apparent over the three study rounds. Longer term effects into adulthood may well be more pronounced and warrant careful longitudinal investigation. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	food insecurity; health; nutrition; orphans; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866993559	Rapid point-of-care CD4 testing at mobile HIV testing sites to increase linkage to care: An evaluation of a pilot program in South Africa	Larson B.A., Schnippel K., Ndibongo B., Xulu T., Brennan A., Long L., Fox M.P., Rosen S.	2012	Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes	61	2	10.1097/QAI.0b013e31825eec60	Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University, Department of International Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, MA 02118, United States; Department of International Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Right to Care, Johannesburg, South Africa	Larson, B.A., Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University, Department of International Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, MA 02118, United States, Department of International Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Schnippel, K., Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Ndibongo, B., Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Xulu, T., Right to Care, Johannesburg, South Africa; Brennan, A., Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University, Department of International Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, MA 02118, United States, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Long, L., Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University, Department of International Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, MA 02118, United States; Fox, M.P., Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University, Department of International Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, MA 02118, United States, Department of International Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Rosen, S., Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University, Department of International Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, MA 02118, United States, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	BACKGROUND: A mobile HIV counseling and testing (HCT) program around Johannesburg piloted the integration of point-of-care (POC) CD4 testing, using the Pima analyzer, to improve linkages to HIV care. We report results from this pilot program for patients testing positive (n = 508) from May to October 2010. METHODS: We analyzed 3 primary outcomes: assignment to testing group (offered POC CD4 or not), successful follow-up (by telephone), and completed the referral visit for HIV care within 8 weeks after HIV testing if successfully followed up. Proportions for each outcome were calculated, and relative risks were estimated using a modified Poisson approach. RESULTS: Three hundred eleven patients were offered the POC CD4 test, and 197 patients were not offered the test. No differences in patient characteristics were observed between the 2 groups. Approximately 62.7% of patients were successfully followed up 8 weeks after HIV testing, with no differences observed between testing groups. Among those followed up, 54.4% reported completing their referral visit. Patients offered the POC CD4 test were more likely to complete the referral visit for further HIV care (relative risk 1.25, 95% confidence interval: 1.00 to 1.57). CONCLUSIONS: In this mobile HCT setting, patients offered POC CD4 testing as part of the HCT services were more likely to visit a referral clinic after testing, suggesting that rapid CD4 testing technology may improve linkage to HIV care. Future research can evaluate options for adjusting HCT services if POC CD4 testing was included permanently and the cost-effectiveness of the POC CD4 testing compared with other approaches for improving linkage of care. Copyright © 2012 by Lippincott Williams &Wilkins.	linkage to care; mobile HIV counseling and testing (HTC); point-of-care CD4 testing; South Africa	adult; article; CD4+ T lymphocyte; cost effectiveness analysis; female; follow up; health care delivery; health program; health service; HIV test; human; major clinical study; male; mobile phone; outcome assessment; patient care; patient counseling; patient referral; point of care testing; priority journal; South Africa; telephone; Adult; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Female; Health Services Accessibility; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Mobile Health Units; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Point-of-Care Systems; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84894345479	The impact of a school-based water supply and treatment, hygiene, and sanitation programme on pupil diarrhoea: A cluster-randomized trial	Freeman M.C., Clasen T., Dreibelbis R., Saboori S., Greene L.E., Brumback B., Muga R., Rheingans R.	2014	Epidemiology and Infection	142	2	10.1017/S0950268813001118	Center for Global Safe Water, Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, CNR 2027 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Center for Global Safe Water, Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, FL, United States; Tropical Institute for Community Health and Development, Great Lakes University of Kisumu, Kenya; Department of Global and Environmental Health, University of Florida, FL, United States	Freeman, M.C., Center for Global Safe Water, Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, CNR 2027 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Clasen, T., Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Dreibelbis, R., Center for Global Safe Water, Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Saboori, S., Center for Global Safe Water, Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, CNR 2027 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Greene, L.E., Center for Global Safe Water, Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, CNR 2027 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Brumback, B., Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, FL, United States; Muga, R., Tropical Institute for Community Health and Development, Great Lakes University of Kisumu, Kenya; Rheingans, R., Department of Global and Environmental Health, University of Florida, FL, United States	The impact of improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) access on mitigating illness is well documented, although impact of school-based WASH on school-aged children has not been rigorously explored. We conducted a cluster-randomized trial in Nyanza Province, Kenya to assess the impact of a school-based WASH intervention on diarrhoeal disease in primary-school pupils. Two study populations were used: schools with a nearby dry season water source and those without. Pupils attending 'water-available' schools that received hygiene promotion and water treatment (HP&WT) and sanitation improvements showed no difference in period prevalence or duration of illness compared to pupils attending control schools. Those pupils in schools that received only the HP&WT showed similar results. Pupils in 'water-scarce' schools that received a water-supply improvement, HP&WT and sanitation showed a reduction in diarrhoea incidence and days of illness. Our study revealed mixed results on the impact of improvements to school WASH improvements on pupil diarrhoea. © 2013 Cambridge University Press.	Diarrhoea; hand hygiene; water (quality); water (safe); waterborne infections	article; child; child health; cluster analysis; controlled study; diarrhea; disease duration; hand washing; health program; health promotion; human; incidence; Kenya; prevalence; risk reduction; school health education; school hygiene; water quality; water sanitation and hygiene program; water supply; water treatment; diarrhea; female; hygiene; male; procedures; randomized controlled trial; sanitation; school health service; statistics and numerical data; student; controlled clinical trial; health promotion; Kenya; methodology; sanitation; statistics; Child; Diarrhea; Female; Health Promotion; Humans; Hygiene; Kenya; Male; Prevalence; Sanitation; School Health Services; Students; Water Supply; Child; Diarrhea; Female; Health Promotion; Humans; Hygiene; Kenya; Male; Prevalence; Sanitation; School Health Services; Students; Water Supply	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953069550	Impact of HIV testing on sexual health communication in South Africa	Scott-Sheldon L.A.J., Carey M.P., Carey K.B., Cain D., Vermaak R., Mthembu J., Harel O., Simbayi L.C., Kalichman S.C.	2011	Sexually Transmitted Infections	87	3	10.1136/sti.2010.045732	Center for Health and Behavior, Syracuse University, 430 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244-2340, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States; Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Health, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States	Scott-Sheldon, L.A.J., Center for Health and Behavior, Syracuse University, 430 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244-2340, United States; Carey, M.P., Center for Health and Behavior, Syracuse University, 430 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244-2340, United States; Carey, K.B., Center for Health and Behavior, Syracuse University, 430 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244-2340, United States; Cain, D., Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States; Vermaak, R., Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Health, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Mthembu, J., Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Health, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Harel, O., Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States; Simbayi, L.C., Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Health, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Kalichman, S.C., Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States	Objectives: The South African government recently launched a national campaign to test 15 million South Africans for HIV by 2011. Little is known about how receipt of HIV testing might influence interpersonal communication. To explore these questions, the authors examined the effects of prior HIV testing on sexual health communication among South Africans. Methods: Adults (N=1284; 98% black, 36% women, mean age 31) residing in a South African township completed street-intercept surveys. Results: Of the 1284 participants, 811 (63%) had been tested for HIV. Among those who had been tested, 77% tested negative, 12% tested positive, and 11% did not know their test result or refused to answer. Compared with those who had not been tested, participants who had been tested for HIV were more likely to communicate with community members about (a) HIV/ AIDS, (b) getting tested for HIV, and (c) using condoms. Testing positive for HIV was associated with communication with sexual partners about condom use. Among participants who had been tested for HIV, exploratory analyses revealed that those who had engaged in sexual health communication with community members or sexual partners reported more condom-protected sex than those who had not engaged in sexual health communication. Conclusions: HIV testing is associated with sexual health communication among South African community members and sexual partners. Offering HIV testing to all South Africans may increase communication and lead to reductions in sexual risk.	None	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adult; article; community; condom; controlled study; exploratory research; female; health survey; HIV test; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; interpersonal communication; male; priority journal; safe sex; sexual health; sexuality; social behavior; South Africa; Adult; Condoms; Disclosure; Female; Health Communication; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Risk Factors; Sexual Behavior; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052577707	Potential impact of reactive vaccination in controlling cholera outbreaks: An exploratory analysis using a Zimbabwean experience	Kim S.-Y., Choi Y., Mason P.R., Rusakaniko S., Goldie S.J.	2011	South African Medical Journal	101	9	None	Center for Health Decision Science, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Global Health Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Biomedical Research and Training Institute, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe	Kim, S.-Y., Center for Health Decision Science, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States, Harvard Global Health Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States; Choi, Y., Center for Health Decision Science, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States, Harvard Global Health Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States; Mason, P.R., Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Rusakaniko, S., Biomedical Research and Training Institute, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe; Goldie, S.J., Biomedical Research and Training Institute, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe	Background. To contain ongoing cholera outbreaks, the World Health Organization has suggested that reactive vaccination should be considered in addition to its previous control measures. Objectives. To explore the potential impact of a hypothetical reactive oral cholera vaccination using the example of the recent large-scale cholera outbreak in Zimbabwe. Methods. This was a retrospective cost-effectiveness analysis calculating the health and economic burden of the cholera outbreak in Zimbabwe with and without reactive vaccination. The primary outcome measure was incremental cost per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted. Results. Under the base-case assumptions (assuming 50% coverage among individuals aged ≥2 years), reactive vaccination could have averted 1 320 deaths and 23 650 DALYs. Considering herd immunity, the corresponding values would have been 2 920 deaths and 52 360 DALYs averted. The total vaccination costs would have been ~$74 million and ~$21 million, respectively, with per-dose vaccine price of US$5 and $1. The incremental costs per DALY averted of reactive vaccination were $2 770 and $370, respectively, for vaccine price set at $5 and $1. Assuming herd immunity, the corresponding cost was $980 with vaccine price of $5, and the programme was cost-saving with a vaccine price of $1. Results were most sensitive to case-fatality rate, per-dose vaccine price, and the size of the outbreak. Conclusions. Reactive vaccination has the potential to be a costeffective measure to contain cholera outbreaks in countries at high risk. However, the feasibility of implementation should be further evaluated, and caution is warranted in extrapolating the findings to different settings in the absence of other in-depth studies.	None	cholera vaccine; article; child; cholera; controlled study; cost control; cost effectiveness analysis; drug cost; epidemic; exploratory research; fatality; herd; human; immunity; nonhuman; quality adjusted life year; retrospective study; vaccination; Zimbabwe; Cholera; Cholera Vaccines; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Decision Support Techniques; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Immunity, Herd; Vaccination; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900403718	Investigation into the mineralogy and flotation performance of oxidised PGM ore	Becker M., Wiese J., Ramonotsi M.	2014	Minerals Engineering	65	None	10.1016/j.mineng.2014.04.009	Centre for Minerals Research, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Pilanesberg Platinum Mines, Centurion, South Africa	Becker, M., Centre for Minerals Research, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Wiese, J., Centre for Minerals Research, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Ramonotsi, M., Pilanesberg Platinum Mines, Centurion, South Africa	The 2.05 Ga Bushveld Complex in South Africa, host to many lucrative ore deposits, is surprisingly pristine and unaltered given its geological age. In some areas, however, there is evidence of low temperature weathering, alteration and oxidation, most commonly observed when the ore is near surface. The Pilanesburg Platinum Mines (PPM) operation in South Africa treats ore from an open pit and routinely suffers from low and erratic platinum group element (PGE) flotation recoveries. This study investigates the effect of oxidation on the mineralogy and flotation performance of PPM "silicate reef" ore and evaluates the effect of alkyl hydroxamate (AM 28) and controlled potential sulfidisation (CPS with NaHS) as a means to improve the poor flotation performance of the oxidised ore. Oxidised PPM ore is characterised by high contents of alteration minerals resulting in abundant naturally floating gangue (NFG), high contents of Fe-oxides/hydroxides and negligible base metal sulfides. Small improvements in PGE recovery with the addition of the hydroxamate co-collector with CPS or without it are more due to the high froth stability and increased water recovery rather than any selective action of the collector. The distinctly higher Pt recovery relative to Pd recovery is linked to the mobilisation and redistribution of Pd during the oxidation of the ore. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Oxidation; Platinum ore; Process mineralogy	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350333894	Impact of alcoholism on sleep architecture and EEG power spectra in men and women	Colrain I.M., Turlington S., Baker F.C.	2009	Sleep	32	10	None	Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Brain Function Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Colrain, I.M., Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States, Department of Psychology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Turlington, S., Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States; Baker, F.C., Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States, Brain Function Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Study Objectives: To determine the impact of alcoholism on sleep architecture and sleep EEG power spectra in men and women with uncomplicated alcoholism. Design and Participants: 42 alcoholics (27 men) and 42 controls (19 men) screened for medical, psychiatric, and sleep problems participated in a full night of polysomnography following an adaptation night. Data were collected from multiple scalp sites and subjected to power spectral analysis. Sleep architecture and EEG spectral power measures were evaluated for the effects of diagnosis and sex using age as a covariate. Results: Compared with controls, alcoholics had less slow wave sleep and increased proportions of stage 1 and REM sleep. Spectral analysis of NREM sleep showed reduced levels of slow wave activity (SWA, 0.3-4 Hz) and slow θ (theta) power (4-6 Hz) in alcoholics. The differences in SWA extended across the slow band (0.3-1 Hz) and all δ (delta) frequencies and were most prominent over frontal scalp regions. No group differences were seen in the power spectra of REM sleep. Women had more SWA and θ power than men, but there were no sex by diagnosis interactions for any measures, suggesting that alcoholism does not differentially influence men and women. Conclusion: Long-term alcoholism affects sleep even after long periods of abstinence in both men and women. Measures of frontal slow wave activity were particularly sensitive markers of this long-lasting effect. Sleep EEG measures would thus seem to provide a functional correlate of the changes in brain structure seen in frontal cortex of longterm alcoholics.	Alcoholism; Delta; K-complex; N550; Sex; Sleep	adaptation; alcohol consumption; alcoholism; article; clinical article; controlled study; electroencephalogram; female; human; male; mental disease; nonREM sleep; polysomnography; priority journal; REM sleep; scoring system; sex difference; sleep disorder; sleep parameters; slow wave sleep; spectroscopy; Alcoholism; Analysis of Variance; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Polysomnography; Sex Factors; Sleep Disorders; Sleep Stages; Time	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-23944490137	Through the magnifying glass: A descriptive theoretical analysis of the possible impact of the South African higher education policies on academic staff and their job satisfaction	Mapesela M., Hay H.R.	2005	Higher Education	50	1	10.1007/s10734-004-6358-9	Center for Higher Education Studies and Development, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 4345, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Mapesela, M., Center for Higher Education Studies and Development, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 4345, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Hay, H.R., Center for Higher Education Studies and Development, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 4345, Bloemfontein, South Africa	This article provides a descriptive theoretical analysis of the most important higher education policies and initiatives which were developed by the democratically elected government of South Africa after 1994 to transform the South African higher education system. The article sheds light on the rationale for the policies under scrutiny; how they take cognisance of academics' diverse needs; as well as how their implementation is bound to affect academics and possibly influence job satisfaction. The article argues that the South African higher education fraternity, currently overwhelmed by mammoth change initiatives, is simultaneously faced with two processes, namely transforming the socio-political state of the country, as well as transformation to respond to national higher education policy imperatives. Seemingly South African policy-makers, in their attempts to break away from the past, are oblivious of the realities of thorough policy implementation and do not take the voluminous nature of policies into consideration as an inhibiting factor. Undoubtedly this could have adverse effects for academic staff who are expected to propel change and transformation, but who are oftentimes confronted with the complexities of implementation which entail among others, dealing with cumbersome procedures, processes, bureaucratic structures as well as increasing workloads. © Springer 2005.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650974117	Evaluation of the lubricating properties of palm oil	Musa J.J.	2010	Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies	9	17	None	Department of Agriculture and Bio-Resource Engineering, Federal University of Technology, P M B 65, Minna, Nigeria	Musa, J.J., Department of Agriculture and Bio-Resource Engineering, Federal University of Technology, P M B 65, Minna, Nigeria	There has been an increase in effort to reduce the reliance on petroleum fuels for energy generation and transportation throughout the world. Among the proposed alternative fuels is biodiesel. Over the years, a little attention was paid to the industrial use of palm oil. Laboratory tests such as viscosity, fire point, flash point, pour point and densities were conducted on raw palm oil and bleached palm oil using standard procedures. The flash points of palm oil and the bleached sample are 250 and 301°C while their fire points are 260 and 308°C while the flash and fire points of the SAE 40 and SAE 30 are 260/300(°C) and 243/290(°C) respectively. It was discovered that palm oil has a better prospect as lubricating oil if necessary improvements are made. © 2010 by the authors.	Additives; Bleaching; Density; Fire point; Flash point; Pour point; Viscosity	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926209481	Influence of age and nutritional status on the performance of the tuberculin skin test and QuantiFERON-TB Gold in-Tube in young children evaluated for tuberculosis in Southern India	Jenum S., Selvam S., Mahelai D., Jesuraj N., Cárdenas V., Kenneth J., Hesseling A.C., Doherty T.M., Vaz M., Grewal H.M.S.	2014	Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal	33	10	10.1097/INF.0000000000000399	Center for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, Oslo, Norway; Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Population Health, United States; Division of Infectious Diseases, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India; Aeras, Rockville, MD, United States; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Desmond Tutu TB Center, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; GlaxoSmithKline Pharma, Vaccines, Copenhagen, Denmark; Division of Health and Humanities, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway	Jenum, S., Center for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, Oslo, Norway; Selvam, S., Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Population Health, United States; Mahelai, D., Division of Infectious Diseases, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India; Jesuraj, N., Division of Infectious Diseases, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India; Cárdenas, V., Aeras, Rockville, MD, United States; Kenneth, J., Division of Infectious Diseases, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India; Hesseling, A.C., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Desmond Tutu TB Center, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Doherty, T.M., GlaxoSmithKline Pharma, Vaccines, Copenhagen, Denmark; Vaz, M., Division of Health and Humanities, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India; Grewal, H.M.S., Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway	Background: Reliable identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection or tuberculosis (TB) disease in young children is vital to assure adequate preventive and curative treatment. The tuberculin skin test (TST) and IFNγ-release assays may supplement the diagnosis of pediatric TB as cases are typically bacteriologically unconfirmed. However, it is unclear to what extent the performance of TST and QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT; Cellestis' IFNγ-release assay test) depends on the demographic, clinical and nutritional characteristics of children in whom they are tested. Methods: During a 2-year prospective observational study of 4382 neonates in Southern India, children with suspected TB were investigated and classified by a standard TB diagnostic algorithm. Results: Clinical TB was diagnosed in 13 of 705 children referred for case verification with suspected TB. TST and QFT had a susceptibility for clinical TB of 31% and 23%, respectively, in this group. Children <2 years were more likely to test QFT indeterminate. A height-for-age Z score within the lowest quartile increased the odds ratio (OR) for a positive or indeterminate QFT result [OR 2.46 (1.19-5.06), OR 3.08 (1.10-8.58)], whereas the OR for a positive TST was reduced with a weight-for-height Z score within the lowest quartile [OR 0.17 (0.06-0.47)]. Conclusion: The sensitivities of the TST and QFT for clinical TB in children <3 years of age were equally poor in this population. Stunted children were more susceptible to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and more prone to indeterminate QFT results. TST was less reliable in children with wasting. Copyright © 2014 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Child. multivariate analyses; Interferon gamma release assay; Malnutrition; Tuberculin skin test; Tuberculosis	age; algorithm; Article; child; coughing; demography; diagnostic procedure; diagnostic test accuracy study; female; fever; human; India; infant; infection sensitivity; interferon gamma release assay; major clinical study; male; Mycobacterium tuberculosis test kit; newborn; nutritional health; nutritional status; observational study; preschool child; priority journal; prospective study; tuberculin test; tuberculosis; age; comparative study; evaluation study; immunology; interferon gamma release assay; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; procedures; sensitivity and specificity; skin test; tuberculin test; tuberculosis; Age Factors; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; India; Infant; Interferon-gamma Release Tests; Male; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Nutritional Status; Prospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Skin Tests; Tuberculin Test; Tuberculosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855838599	Evaluation of gyrase B as a drug target in Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Chopra S., Matsuyama K., Tran T., Malerich J.P., Wan B., Franzblau S.G., Lun S., Guo H., Maiga M.C., Bishai W.R., Madrid P.B.	2012	Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy	67	2	10.1093/jac/dkr449	Center for Infectious Disease and Biodefense Research, Bioscience Division, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025-3493, United States; Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL, United States; Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans St., Baltimore, MD., United States; KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV (K-RITH), Suite Z310 Doris Duke Building, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, 4001, South Africa; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, United States	Chopra, S., Center for Infectious Disease and Biodefense Research, Bioscience Division, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025-3493, United States; Matsuyama, K., Center for Infectious Disease and Biodefense Research, Bioscience Division, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025-3493, United States; Tran, T., Center for Infectious Disease and Biodefense Research, Bioscience Division, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025-3493, United States; Malerich, J.P., Center for Infectious Disease and Biodefense Research, Bioscience Division, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025-3493, United States; Wan, B., Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL, United States; Franzblau, S.G., Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL, United States; Lun, S., Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans St., Baltimore, MD., United States; Guo, H., Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans St., Baltimore, MD., United States; Maiga, M.C., Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans St., Baltimore, MD., United States; Bishai, W.R., Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans St., Baltimore, MD., United States, KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV (K-RITH), Suite Z310 Doris Duke Building, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, 4001, South Africa, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, United States; Madrid, P.B., Center for Infectious Disease and Biodefense Research, Bioscience Division, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025-3493, United States	Objectives: New classes of drugs are needed to treat tuberculosis (TB) in order to combat the emergence of resistance to existing agents and shorten the duration of therapy. Targeting DNA gyrase is a clinically validated therapeutic approach using fluoroquinolone antibiotics to target the gyrase subunit A (GyrA) of the heterotetramer. Increasing resistance to fluoroquinolones has driven interest in targeting the gyrase subunit B (GyrB), which has not been targeted for TB. The biological activities of two potent small-molecule inhibitors of GyrB have been characterized to validate its targeting as a therapeutic strategy for treating TB. Materials and methods: Novobiocin and aminobenzimidazole 1 (AB-1) were tested for their activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Rv and other mycobacteria. AB-1 and novobiocin were also evaluated for their interaction with rifampicin and isoniazid as well as their potential for cytotoxicity. Finally, AB-1 was tested for in vivo efficacy in a murine model of TB. Results: Novobiocin and AB-1 have both been shown to be active against Mtb with MIC values of 4 and 1 mg/L, respectively. Only AB-1 exhibited time-dependent bactericidal activity against drug-susceptible and drug-resistant mycobacteria, including a fluoroquinolone-resistant strain. AB-1 had potent activity in the low oxygen recovery assay model for non-replicating persistent Mtb. Additionally, AB-1 has no interaction with isoniazid and rifampicin, and has no cross-resistance with fluoroquinolones. In a murine model of TB, AB-1 significantly reduced lung cfu counts in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: Aminobenzimidazole inhibitors of GyrB exhibit many of the characteristics required for their consideration as a potential front-line antimycobacterial therapeutic. © The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.	Benzimidazole; Ciprofloxacin; Drug resistance; Non-replicating bacteria; Non-tuberculous mycobacteria; Novobiocin; Topoisomerase	ab 1; benzimidavir; DNA topoisomerase (ATP hydrolysing) B; isoniazid; novobiocin; quinoline derived antiinfective agent; rifampicin; unclassified drug; animal model; antibiotic sensitivity; antimicrobial activity; article; clinical evaluation; controlled study; cross resistance; drug activity; drug cytotoxicity; drug efficacy; drug resistant tuberculosis; drug screening; drug targeting; female; in vivo study; minimum inhibitory concentration; mouse; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nonhuman; sham procedure; tuberculosis; Animals; Antitubercular Agents; Benzimidazoles; Disease Models, Animal; DNA Gyrase; Drug Interactions; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Lung; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Novobiocin; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880666796	Exploring different forest definitions and their impact on developing REDD+ reference emission levels: A case study for Indonesia	Romijn E., Ainembabazi J.H., Wijaya A., Herold M., Angelsen A., Verchot L., Murdiyarso D.	2013	Environmental Science and Policy	33	None	10.1016/j.envsci.2013.06.002	Center for International Forestry Research, Jl. CIFOR, Situgede, Bogor 16115, Indonesia; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Po Box 7878, Kampala, Uganda; Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University, Po Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands; School of Economics and Business, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB), Po Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway	Romijn, E., Center for International Forestry Research, Jl. CIFOR, Situgede, Bogor 16115, Indonesia; Ainembabazi, J.H., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Po Box 7878, Kampala, Uganda; Wijaya, A., Center for International Forestry Research, Jl. CIFOR, Situgede, Bogor 16115, Indonesia; Herold, M., Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University, Po Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands; Angelsen, A., School of Economics and Business, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB), Po Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway; Verchot, L., Center for International Forestry Research, Jl. CIFOR, Situgede, Bogor 16115, Indonesia; Murdiyarso, D., Center for International Forestry Research, Jl. CIFOR, Situgede, Bogor 16115, Indonesia	Developing countries participating in the mitigation mechanism of reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks (REDD+), need to determine a national forest reference emission level (REL) as part of their national monitoring system, which serves as a benchmark to measure the impact of their REDD+ actions. Using data from Indonesia, we show that the choice of a forest definition can have a large impact on estimates of deforestation and forest degradation areas, on assessment of drivers of deforestation and on the development of a REL. The total area of deforestation between 2000 and 2009 was 4.9 million ha when using the FAO definition, 18% higher when using a 'natural forest definition' and 27% higher when using the national definition. Using the national and natural forest definitions, large areas (&gt;50%) were classified as shrubland after deforestation. We used regression models to predict future deforestation. Deforestation was much better predicted than degradation (R2 of 0.81 vs. 0.52), with the natural forest definition giving the best prediction. Apart from historical deforestation and initial forest cover, gross domestic product and human population were important predictors of future deforestation in Indonesia. Degradation processes were less well modeled and predictions relied on estimates of historical degradation and forest cover. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Deforestation drivers; Degradation; Forest greenhouse gases emissions; Monitoring; Tropical forest	article; carbon footprint; case study; controlled study; deforestation; degradation; environmental impact; forest; greenhouse gas; gross national product; Indonesia; priority journal; scrub; tropical rain forest	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930477303	The local social and environmental impacts of smallholder-based biofuel investments in Zambia	German L., Schoneveld G.C., Gumbo D.	2011	Ecology and Society	16	4	10.5751/ES-04280-160412	Center for International Forestry Research, Zimbabwe	German, L., Center for International Forestry Research, Zimbabwe; Schoneveld, G.C., Center for International Forestry Research, Zimbabwe; Gumbo, D., Center for International Forestry Research, Zimbabwe	High oil prices, recent commitments by industrialized countries to enhance the use of renewable energy, and efforts by developing countries to stimulate foreign investment as a pathway to development have fueled high levels of interest in the biofuel sector throughout much of sub-Saharan Africa. Zambia is no exception. A large, land-locked country with high pump prices and vast tracts of land considered by many to be "degraded" or "underutilized," investor interest in the sector has remained high despite uncertainties associated with unproven feedstocks and market fluctuations. While investment in multiple feedstock and production models may be observed, one of the primary investments has been in jatropha outgrower schemes in which small-scale farmers grow feedstock on contract with domestic and foreign investors. We assess the history and evolution of the largest such scheme in Zambia, as well as the social and environmental impacts in two districts with large numbers of outgrowers. Findings suggest that, although such a production model may hold promise for enhancing rural livelihood benefits from the emerging biofuel sector, to date, small-scale farmers have borne the brunt of the risk and uncertainty that are the trademarks of this emerging industry. We conclude with a discussion of options to minimize forest conversion and protect farmers against high-risk investments, while harnessing the potential of this business model for enhancing rural livelihoods in Zambia and elsewhere. © 2011 by the author(s).	Biofuels; Jatropha; Outgrower scheme; Zambia	alternative energy; biofuel; developing world; environmental impact; investment location; renewable resource; rural development; rural economy; rural energy; smallholder; uncertainty analysis; Zambia; Jatropha	None
None	None	Impact of human immunodeficiency virus infection on Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization and seroepidemiology among Zambian women	Gill C.J., Mwanakasale V., Fox M.P., Chilengi R., Tembo M., Nsofwa M., Chalwe V., Mwananyanda L., Mukwamataba D., Malilwe B., Champo D., Macleod W.B., Thea D.M., Hamer D.H.	2008	Journal of Infectious Diseases	197	7	10.1086/528806	Center for International Health and Development, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of International Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Section, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States; Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Ndola, Zambia; Zambia-Emory HIV Research Project, Ndola, Zambia; Africa Malaria Network Trust, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Center for International Health and Development, Boston University School of Public Health, 710 Albany St., Boston, MA 02118, United States	Gill, C.J., Center for International Health and Development, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States, Department of International Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States, Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Section, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States, Center for International Health and Development, Boston University School of Public Health, 710 Albany St., Boston, MA 02118, United States; Mwanakasale, V., Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Ndola, Zambia; Fox, M.P., Center for International Health and Development, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States, Department of International Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Chilengi, R., Africa Malaria Network Trust, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Tembo, M., Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Ndola, Zambia; Nsofwa, M., Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Ndola, Zambia; Chalwe, V., Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Ndola, Zambia; Mwananyanda, L., Zambia-Emory HIV Research Project, Ndola, Zambia; Mukwamataba, D., Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Ndola, Zambia; Malilwe, B., Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Ndola, Zambia; Champo, D., Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Ndola, Zambia; Macleod, W.B., Center for International Health and Development, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States, Department of International Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Thea, D.M., Center for International Health and Development, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States, Department of International Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Hamer, D.H., Center for International Health and Development, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States, Department of International Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States, Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Section, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States	Nasopharyngeal colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae precedes invasive pneumococcal disease. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection increases rates of invasive pneumococcal disease, and its effect on colonization is unknown. In a longitudinal cohort of Zambian mothers with or without HIV infection, HIV infection increased the risk of colonization (risk ratio [RR], 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-2.8) and repeat colonization (RR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1-5.3) and reduced the time to new colonization (P = .01). Repeat colonization with homologous sero/factor types occurred only among HIV-positive mothers. Pediatric serotypes 6, 19, and 23 accounted for excess colonization among HIV-positive mothers. HIV infection significantly increases the risk of pneumococcal colonization. Increased rates of colonization by pediatric serotypes suggest a potential role for the 7-valent pneumococcal vaccine in HIV-infected adults. © 2008 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.	None	Pneumococcus vaccine; adult; article; bacterial colonization; controlled study; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infant; major clinical study; nonhuman; priority journal; prophylaxis; risk factor; seroepidemiology; serotype; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Adolescent; Adult; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Mothers; Pharynx; Pneumococcal Infections; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Serotyping; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Zambia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547676187	The impact of AIDS on government service delivery: The case of the Zambia Wildlife Authority	Rosen S., Hamazakaza P., Feeley F., Fox M.	2007	AIDS	21	SUPPL. 3	10.1097/01.aids.0000279694.61652.e3	Center for International Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; Farming Systems Association of Zambia, Mount Makulu Central Research Station, Chilanga, Zambia; Health Economics Research Office, Helen Joseph Hospital (Themba Lethu Clinic), Perth Road, Westdene 2092, South Africa	Rosen, S., Center for International Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States, Health Economics Research Office, Helen Joseph Hospital (Themba Lethu Clinic), Perth Road, Westdene 2092, South Africa; Hamazakaza, P., Farming Systems Association of Zambia, Mount Makulu Central Research Station, Chilanga, Zambia; Feeley, F., Center for International Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; Fox, M., Center for International Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States	BACKGROUND: The loss of working-aged adults to HIV/AIDS has been shown to increase the costs of labor to the private sector in Africa. There is little corresponding evidence for the public sector. This study evaluated the impact of AIDS on the costs and service delivery capacity of a government agency, the Zambia Wildlife Authority (ZAWA). METHODS: Data were collected on workforce characteristics, mortality, costs, and number of days spent on patrol between 2003 and 2005 by 76 current patrol officers (reference subjects) and 11 patrol officers who died of AIDS or suspected AIDS (index subjects). The impact of AIDS on service delivery capacity and labor costs and the net benefits of providing treatment were estimated. RESULTS: Reference subjects averaged 197.4 patrol days per year. After adjustment index subjects patrolled 68% less in their last year of service (P < 0.0001), 51% less in their second to last year (P < 0.0001), and 37% less in their third to last year (P < 0.0001). For each employee who died, ZAWA lost an additional 111 person-days for management, funeral attendance, vacancy and staff replacement. Each death also cost ZAWA the equivalent of 3.3 years' annual compensation for care, benefits, recruitment, and training. In 2005, AIDS reduced service delivery capacity by 6.0% and increased labor costs by 9.3%. CONCLUSION: Impacts on this government agency are substantially larger than observed in the private sector. AIDS is constraining ZAWA's ability to protect Zambia's parks. At a cost of US $500/patient/ year, antiretroviral therapy (ART) would result in service improvements and net budgetary savings to ZAWA. © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.	Antiretroviral therapy; Government; HIV/AIDS; Labor productivity; Zambia	antiretrovirus agent; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adult; article; compensation; death; female; government; health care cost; health care delivery; health service; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; information processing; major clinical study; male; mortality; priority journal; Zambia; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Commerce; Costs and Cost Analysis; Female; Government Agencies; HIV Seroprevalence; Humans; Male; Workplace; Zambia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38149031631	Early effects of antiretroviral therapy on work performance: Preliminary results from a cohort study of Kenyan agricultural workers	Larson B.A., Fox M.P., Rosen S., Bii M., Sigei C., Shaffer D., Sawe F., Wasunna M., Simon J.L.	2008	AIDS	22	3	10.1097/QAD.0b013e3282f3cc0c	Center for International Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Center for International Health and Development, Boston University, 85 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States	Larson, B.A., Center for International Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States, Center for International Health and Development, Boston University, 85 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States; Fox, M.P., Center for International Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; Rosen, S., Center for International Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; Bii, M., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Sigei, C., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Shaffer, D., United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Sawe, F., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Wasunna, M., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Simon, J.L., Center for International Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States	OBJECTIVE: This paper estimates the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on days harvesting tea per month for tea-estate workers in Kenya. Such information is needed to assess the potential economic benefits of providing treatment to working adults. METHODS: Data for this analysis come from company payroll records for 59 HIV-infected workers and a comparison group of all workers assigned to the same work teams (reference group, n = 1992) for a period covering 2 years before and 1 year after initiating ART. Mean difference tests were used to obtain overall trends in days harvesting tea by month. A difference in difference approach was used to estimate the impact of HIV/AIDS on days working in the pre-ART period. Information on likely trends in the absence of the therapy was used to estimate the positive impacts on days harvesting tea over the initial 12 months on ART. RESULTS: No significant difference existed in days plucking tea each month until the ninth month before initiating ART, when workers worked -2.79 fewer days than references (15% less). This difference grew to 5.09 fewer days (27% less) in the final month before initiating ART. After 12 months on ART, we conservatively estimate that workers worked at least twice as many days in the month than they would have in the absence of ART. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment had a large, positive impact on the ability of workers to undertake their primary work activity, harvesting tea, in the first year on ART. © 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.	AIDS; Antiretroviral therapy; HIV; Kenya; Work performance	antiretrovirus agent; absenteeism; adult; agricultural worker; article; controlled study; female; harvesting; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; job performance; Kenya; major clinical study; male; priority journal; tea; Absenteeism; Adult; Agriculture; Anti-HIV Agents; Cohort Studies; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Kenya; Male; Prevalence; Tea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938299459	DDT and pyrethroid resistance status and laboratory evaluation of bio-efficacy of long lasting insecticide treated nets against Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex decens in Ghana	Kudom A.A., Mensah B.A., Froeschl G., Rinder H., Boakye D.	2015	Acta Tropica	150	None	10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.07.009	Center for International Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Germany; Department of Entomology and Wildlife, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana; Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Oberschleissheim, Germany; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana	Kudom, A.A., Center for International Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Germany, Department of Entomology and Wildlife, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana; Mensah, B.A., Department of Entomology and Wildlife, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana; Froeschl, G., Center for International Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Germany; Rinder, H., Center for International Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Germany, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Oberschleissheim, Germany; Boakye, D., Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana	Nuisance from Culex mosquitoes in Ghana has a serious negative impact on the standard of living in many urban communities. In addition, a perceived lack of efficacy of long lasting insecticide treated nets (LLINs) against nuisance mosquitoes contributes to their discontinued use. This again compromises malaria control, even if Anopheles species themselves would still be susceptible to the insecticides used. Control strategies involve pyrethroid insecticides but information on Culex mosquito susceptibility to these insecticides is limited. A nationwide survey was conducted to address this problem. In adults, susceptibility to permethrin, deltamethrin and DDT as well as enzyme activity and kdr mutation were determined. Cone and tunnel bioassay were also carried out to determine the efficacy of LLINs against the mosquitoes. Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex decens were identified in the study area. Higher deltamethrin and DDT resistance and relatively low permethrin resistance were observed in both species. High enzyme activities and kdr mutations were observed in C. quinquefasciatus but not in C. decens. However, reduced efficacy of LLINs was observed in both mosquito species. This adds up to the evidence of the spread of pyrethroid resistance in mosquitoes and its negative impact on control strategies. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Culex; Kdr mutation; Malaria; Pyrethroid; Resistance; Urban	chlorphenotane; cytochrome P450; deltamethrin; esterase; genomic DNA; glutathione transferase; insecticide; permethrin; pyrethroid; unspecific monooxygenase; bioassay; DDT; disease control; disease spread; enzyme activity; malaria; mosquito; pyrethroid; Anopheles gambiae; Article; bioassay; controlled study; Culex; Culex decens; Culex quinquefasciatus; enzyme activity; gene; gene mutation; Ghana; kdr gene; laboratory test; malaria control; nonhuman; polymerase chain reaction; urban population; Ghana; Culex decens; Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887081737	Impact of housing condition on indoor-biting and indoor-resting Anopheles arabiensis density in a highland area, central Ethiopia	Animut A., Balkew M., Lindtjørn B.	2013	Malaria Journal	12	1	10.1186/1475-2875-12-393	Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Animut, A., Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Balkew, M., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Lindtjørn, B., Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway	Background: Exposure of individuals to malaria infection may depend on their housing conditions as houses serve as biting and resting places of vectors. This study describes the association of housing conditions with densities of indoor-biting and indoor-resting Anopheles arabiensis in Hobe, Dirama and Wurib villages of a highland area in central Ethiopia. Methods. Data on housing conditions, including presence of house apertures, number of occupants and number and the type of domestic animal tethered inside, were collected. Indoor-biting mosquitoes were sampled using Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps and indoor-resting mosquitoes sampled with pyrethrum spray catches (PSCs) monthly for two years (July 2008 to June 2010). Female anophelines were identified to species and processed. Univariate and general linear estimating equation allowing for repeated measures were used to assess the contribution of housing conditions for indoor-biting and indoor-resting An. arabiensis. Results: About 96% (4,597/4,788) of anophelines were caught inside residential houses. Nine anopheline species were identified, among which An. arabiensis was most prevalent (2,489; 52%). Vectors entering houses were higher in those situated at low (β = 4.475; 95% CI = 3.475-5.476; p <0.001; β = strength of the association) and medium (β = 2.850; 95% CI = 1.975-3.724; p <0.001) altitudes compared to high altitude, and where houses have no windows (β = -0.570; 95% CI = -1.047-0.094; p = 0.019) compared with those that have. Numbers of indoor-resting vectors were higher in those situated at low (β = 6.100; 95% CI = 4.571-7.629; p <0.001) and medium (β = 4.411; 95% CI = 2.284-6.537; p <0.001) altitudes compared to high altitudes, and where houses had open eaves (β =1.201; 95% CI = 0.704-1.698; p <0.001) compared with those that had closed eaves. Conclusion: Housing conditions such as presence of open eaves, absence of window, location at low and mid altitudes, were strong predictors of indoor exposure to An. arabiensis bite in a highland area of south-central Ethiopia. © 2013 Animut et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	aerosol; altitude; Anopheles arabiensis; article; bite; density; disease control; domestic animal; Ethiopia; housing; indoor biting; light; mosquito; nonhuman; pyrethrum; Animals; Anopheles; Ethiopia; Female; Housing; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Population Density	None
None	None	The impact of global health initiatives on trust in health care provision under extreme resource scarcity: presenting an agenda for debate from a case study of emergency obstetric care in Northern Tanzania	Olsen T.E.	2010	Health Research Policy and Systems	8	None	10.1186/1478-4505-8-14	Center for International Health, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7024, N-5020, Norway; Primary Health Care Institute, Iringa, Tanzania for DBL - Center for Health Research and Development, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Haydom Lutheran Hospital, P.O. Mbulu, Tanzania	Olsen, T.E., Center for International Health, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7024, N-5020, Norway, Primary Health Care Institute, Iringa, Tanzania for DBL - Center for Health Research and Development, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Haydom Lutheran Hospital, P.O. Mbulu, Tanzania	Background: Through the nearly three decades that have passed since the Alma Ata conference on Primary Health Care, a wide range of global health initiatives and ideas have been advocated to improve the health of people living in developing countries. The issues raised in the Primary Health Care concept, the Structural Adjustment Programmes and the Health Sector Reforms have all influenced health service delivery. Increasingly however, health systems in developing countries are being described as having collapsed Do the advocated frameworks contribute to this collapse through not adequately including population trust as a determinant of the revival of health services, or are they primarily designed to satisfy the values of other actors within the health care system? This article argues there is an urgent need to challenge common thinking on health care provision under extreme resource scarcity.Methods: This article sets out to discuss and analyze the described collapse of health services through a brief case study on provision of Emergency Obstetric Care in Northern Tanzania.Results: The article argues that post the Alma Ata conference on Primary Health Care developments in global health initiatives have not been successful in incorporating population trust into the frameworks, instead focusing narrowly on expert-driven solutions through concepts such as prevention and interventions. The need for quantifiable results has pushed international policy makers and donors towards vertical programmes, intervention approaches, preventive services and quantity as the coverage parameter. Health systems have consequently been pushed away from generalized horizontal care, curative services and quality assurance, all important determinants of trust.Conclusions: Trust can be restored, and to further this objective a new framework is proposed placing generalized services and individual curative care in the centre of the health sector policy domain. Preventive services are important, but should increasingly be handled by other sectors in a service focused health care system. To facilitate such a shift in focus we should acknowledge that limited resources are available and accept the conflict between population demand and expert opinion, with the aim of providing legitimate, accountable and trustworthy services through fair, deliberative, dynamic and incremental processes. A discussion of the acceptable level of quality, given the available resources, can then be conducted. The article presents for debate that an increased focus on quality and accountability to secure trust is an important precondition for enabling the political commitment to mobilize necessary resources to the health sector. © 2010 Olsen; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	article; developing country; emergency care; health care delivery; health care facility; health care policy; health care quality; health care system; health care utilization; obstetric care; primary health care; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881479814	Variant ataxia telangiectasia: Clinical and molecular findings and evaluation of radiosensitive phenotypes in a patient and relatives	Claes K., Depuydt J., Taylor A.M.R., Last J.I., Baert A., Schietecatte P., Vandersickel V., Poppe B., De Leeneer K., D'Hooghe M., Vral A.	2013	NeuroMolecular Medicine	15	3	10.1007/s12017-013-8231-4	Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; NRF IThemba LABS, PO Box 722, Somerset West 7129, South Africa; Department of Neurology and Child Neurology AZ St-Jan, 8000 Brugge, Belgium	Claes, K., Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Depuydt, J., Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Taylor, A.M.R., School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Last, J.I., School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Baert, A., Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Schietecatte, P., Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Vandersickel, V., NRF IThemba LABS, PO Box 722, Somerset West 7129, South Africa; Poppe, B., Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; De Leeneer, K., Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; D'Hooghe, M., Department of Neurology and Child Neurology AZ St-Jan, 8000 Brugge, Belgium; Vral, A., Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium	Variant ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) may be an underdiagnosed entity. We correlate data from radiosensitivity and kinase assays with clinical and molecular data from a patient with variant A-T and relatives. The coding region of ATM was sequenced. To evaluate the functional effect of the mutations, we performed kinase assays and developed a novel S-G2 micronucleus test. Our patient presented with mild dystonia, moderately dysarthric speech, increased serum α-fetoprotein but no ataxia nor telangiectasias, no nystagmus or oculomotor dyspraxia. She has a severe IgA deficiency, but does not have recurrent infections. She is compound heterozygote for ATM c.8122G>A (p.Asp2708Asn) and c.8851-1G>T, leading to in frame loss of 63 nucleotides at the cDNA level. A trace amount of ATM protein is translated from both alleles. Residual kinase activity is derived only from the p.Asp2708Asn allele. The conventional G0 micronucleus test, based on irradiation of resting lymphocytes, revealed a radiosensitive phenotype for the patient, but not for the heterozygous relatives. As ATM is involved in homologous recombination and G2/M cell cycle checkpoint, we optimized an S-G2 micronucleus assay, allowing to evaluate micronuclei in lymphocytes irradiated in the S and G2 phases. This test showed increased radiosensitivity for both the patient and the heterozygous carriers. Intriguingly, heterozygous carriers of c.8851-1G>T (mutation associated with absence of kinase activity) showed a stronger radiosensitive phenotype with this assay than heterozygous carriers of p.Asp2708Asn (mutation associated with residual kinase activity). The modified S-G2 micronucleus assay provided phenotypic insight into complement the diagnosis of this atypical A-T patient. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	ATM heterozygous carriers; cDNA analysis; In vitro radiosensitivity; Kinase assay; S-G2 micronucleus assay; Variant ataxia telangiectasia	alpha fetoprotein; baclofen; levodopa; psychotropic agent; tetrazepam; adult; anamnesis; article; ataxia telangiectasia; ATM gene; case report; cell cycle checkpoint; cell cycle progression; cerebral palsy; clinical feature; controlled study; disease severity; dystonia; enzyme activity; female; gene; gene locus; gene mutation; gene sequence; genetic transcription; genetic variability; heterozygosity; homologous recombination; human; immunoglobulin A deficiency; mental disease; micronucleus test; missense mutation; molecular typing; mutational analysis; nucleotide sequence; phenotype; priority journal; protein blood level; psychotherapy; radiosensitivity; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; strabismus; Ataxia telangiectasia; Adult; Amino Acid Substitution; Ataxia Telangiectasia; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; Breast Neoplasms; Caffeine; Child; Exons; Female; G2 Phase; Heterozygote; Humans; Lymphocytes; Male; Micronucleus Tests; Mutation, Missense; Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary; Neurologic Examination; Pedigree; Phenotype; Radiation Tolerance; Recombinational DNA Repair; Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal; RNA Splice Sites; S Phase; Sequence Analysis, DNA	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937064907	The feasibility, time savings and economic impact of a designated time appointment system at a busy HIV care clinic in Kenya: A randomized controlled trial	Kwena Z.A., Njoroge B.W., Cohen C.R., Oyaro P., Shikari R., Kibaara C.K., Bukusi E.A.	2015	Journal of the International AIDS Society	18	1	10.7448/IAS.18.1.19876	Center for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States	Kwena, Z.A., Center for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Njoroge, B.W., Center for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Cohen, C.R., Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Oyaro, P., Center for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Shikari, R., Center for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Kibaara, C.K., Center for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Bukusi, E.A., Center for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya	Introduction: As efforts are made to reach universal access to ART in Kenya, the problem of congestion at HIV care clinics is likely to worsen. We evaluated the feasibility and the economic benefits of a designated time appointment system as a solution to decongest HIV care clinics. Methods: This was an explanatory two-arm open-label randomized controlled trial that enrolled 354 consenting participants during their normal clinic days and followed-up at subsequent clinic appointments for up to nine months. Intervention arm participants were given specific dates and times to arrive at the clinic for their next appointment while those in the control arm were only given the date and had the discretion to decide on the time to arrive as is the standard practice. At follow-up visits, we recorded arrival and departure times and asked the monetary value of work participants engaged in before and after clinic. We conducted multiple imputation to replace missing data in our primary outcome variables to allow for intention-to-treat analysis; and analyzed the data using Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Overall, 72.1% of the intervention participants arrived on time, 13.3% arrived ahead of time and 14.6% arrived past scheduled time. Intervention arm participants spent a median of 65 [interquartile range (IQR), 52-87] minutes at the clinic compared to 197 (IQR, 173-225) minutes for control participants (p < 0.01). Furthermore, intervention arm participants were more productively engaged on their clinic days valuing their cumulative work at a median of USD 10.5 (IQR, 60.0-16.8) compared to participants enrolled in the control arm who valued their work at USD 8.3 (IQR, 5.5-12.9; p = 0.02). Conclusions: A designated time appointment system is feasible and provides substantial time savings associated with greater economic productivity for HIV patients attending a busy HIV care clinic. © 2015 Kwena ZA et al; licensee International AIDS Society.	Clinic waiting time; Designated time appointment system; HIV care clinic; HIV patient; Kenya	adult; Article; controlled study; economics; female; follow up; health care system; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Kenya; major clinical study; male; open study; priority journal; randomized controlled trial; time	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547910509	The impact of safer breastfeeding practices on postnatal HIV-1 transmission in Zimbabwe	Piwoz E.G., Humphrey J.H., Tavengwa N.V., Iliff P.J., Marinda E.T., Zunguza C.D., Nathoo K.J., Mutasa K., Moulton L.H., Ward B.J.	2007	American Journal of Public Health	97	7	10.2105/AJPH.2006.085704	Center for Nutrition, Academy for Educational Development, Washington, DC, United States; ZVITAMBO Project, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; School of Public Health, University of Witswatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Harare City Health Department, Harare, Zimbabwe; College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Montreal General Hospital Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; ZVITAMBO Project, #1 Borrowdale Rd, Borrowdale, Harare, Zimbabwe	Piwoz, E.G., Center for Nutrition, Academy for Educational Development, Washington, DC, United States, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Humphrey, J.H., ZVITAMBO Project, Harare, Zimbabwe, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States, ZVITAMBO Project, #1 Borrowdale Rd, Borrowdale, Harare, Zimbabwe; Tavengwa, N.V., ZVITAMBO Project, Harare, Zimbabwe; Iliff, P.J., ZVITAMBO Project, Harare, Zimbabwe; Marinda, E.T., School of Public Health, University of Witswatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Zunguza, C.D., Harare City Health Department, Harare, Zimbabwe; Nathoo, K.J., College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mutasa, K., ZVITAMBO Project, Harare, Zimbabwe; Moulton, L.H., Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Ward, B.J., Montreal General Hospital Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada	Objectives. We assessed the association between exposure to an educational intervention that emphasized safer breastfeeding practices and postnatal HIV transmission among 437 HIV-positive mothers in Zimbabwe, 365 of whom did not know their infection status. Methods. Mothers were tested for HIV and were encouraged - but not required - to learn their HIV status. Intervention exposure was assessed by a questionnaire, Turnbull methods were used to estimate postnatal HIV transmission, and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to assess the association between intervention exposure and postnatal HIV transmission. Results. Cumulative postnatal HIV transmission was 8.2%; each additional intervention contact was associated with a 38% reduction in postnatal HIV transmission. HIV-positive mothers who were exposed to both print and video materials were 79% less likely to infect their infants compared with mothers who had no exposure. These findings were similar for mothers who did not know their HIV status. Conclusions. The promotion of exclusive breastfeeding has the potential to reduce postnatal HIV transmission among women who do not know their HIV status, and child survival and HIV prevention programs should support this practice.	None	article; breast feeding education; controlled study; disease transmission; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; proton nuclear magnetic resonance; Zimbabwe; adult; breast feeding; breast milk; counseling; disease transmission; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; female; health education; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infant; methodology; newborn; outcome assessment; polymerase chain reaction; proportional hazards model; serodiagnosis; virology; Zimbabwe; Adult; AIDS Serodiagnosis; Breast Feeding; Counseling; Disease Transmission, Vertical; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Health Education; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Milk, Human; Outcome Assessment (Health Care); Polymerase Chain Reaction; Proportional Hazards Models; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-59049083724	Monitoring adherence and defaulting for antiretroviral therapy in 5 east African countries: An urgent need for standards	Chalker J., Andualem T., Minzi O., Ntaganira J., Ojoo A., Waako P., Ross-Degnan D.	2008	Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care	7	4	10.1177/1545109708320687	Center for Pharmaceutical Management, Management Sciences for Health, 4301 N. Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda; Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, MA, United States	Chalker, J., Center for Pharmaceutical Management, Management Sciences for Health, 4301 N. Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203, United States; Andualem, T., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Minzi, O., Department of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Ntaganira, J., Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda; Ojoo, A., Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya; Waako, P., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; Ross-Degnan, D., Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, MA, United States	Objectives: A cross-sectional survey was performed in 24 systems of care providing antiretroviral medications in Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda to examine current practices in monitoring rates of treatment adherence and defaulting. Results: Only 20 of 48 facilities reported routinely measuring individual patient adherence levels; only 12 measured rates of adherence for the clinic population. The rules for determining which patients were included in the calculation of rates were unclear. Fourteen different definitions of treatment defaulting were in use. Facilities routinely gather potentially useful data, but the frequency of doing so varied widely. Conclusions: Individual and program treatment adherence and defaulting are not routinely monitored; when done, the operational definitions and methods varied widely, making comparisons across programs unreliable. There is a pressing need to determine which measures are the most feasible and reliable to collect, the most useful for clinical counseling, and most informative for program management. © 2008 Sage Publications.	adherence; antiretroviral medications; defaulting; East Africa	anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; adult; Africa; article; child; epidemiology; health care quality; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; interview; patient compliance; questionnaire; standard; statistics; treatment outcome; virology; Adult; Africa, Eastern; Anti-HIV Agents; Child; Health Care Surveys; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Patient Compliance; Program Evaluation; Questionnaires; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-83455224710	Comparison of the performance, haematology and serum chemistry of Weaner pigs fed palm kernel cake with and without enzyme supplementation	Oluwafemi R.A., Akpodiete O.J.	2011	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	10	10	None	College of Agriculture, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo state, Nigeria; Dept. of Animal Science, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Nigeria	Oluwafemi, R.A., College of Agriculture, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo state, Nigeria; Akpodiete, O.J., Dept. of Animal Science, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Nigeria	The effects of Palm kernel Cake with or without enzyme supplementation on the performance, haematology and serum chemistry of weaner pigs were compared in a study, which lasted for eighty four days. Thirty weaner pigs of the Large White x Duroc crossbreed with average initial live weight range of 10.5 to 14kg allotted into five groups were used. Five experimental diets in which Palm Kernel cake was used as replacement for maize were formulated as follows: Diet 1 (control) had 0% PKC and no enzyme inclusion, Diet 2 had 40% PKC and with enzyme, Diet 3 had 40% PKC and without enzyme, Diet 4 had 60% PKC with enzyme while Diet 5 had 60% PKC without enzyme. The animals were randomly assigned to the dietary treatments in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD). The enzyme - Hemicel® was mixed with the PKC portion at the rate of 600g/ton before incorporation into the diets. Performance characteristics measured include: average daily gains (kg), average daily feed intake (kg), feed cost/gain (N), haematological and serological characteristics among others. The results showed that there were significant (P<0.05) differences in average daily gain (ADG), average total weight gain (ATWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The Red Blood Cell (RBC) of weaner pigs in treatment 4 (60%PKC + Enzyme) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the others while the mean haemoglobin (Hb) values were significantly (P<0.05) different among the treatment means. The Serum levels of Albumin and the Urea of the experimental animals were not affected by the experimental diets but the total protein was highest (P<0.05) for weaners in treatment 3 (40% PKC without enzyme) than those fed the remaining dietary treatments. There was however no deleterious effect of the dietary treatments on the experimental animals throughout the study period. Therefore up to 60% inclusion level of palm kernel cake with or without enzyme supplementation could be used as replacement for maize in weaner pig's ration.	Enzyme; Haematology; Palm kernel cake; Serum chemistry; Weaner pigs	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-49249120911	Effects of interactions between filter parasitics and power interconnects on EMI filter performance	Wang S., Van Wyk J.D., Lee F.C.	2007	IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics	54	6	10.1109/TIE.2007.906126	Center for Power Electronics Systems, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, United States; Department of Electrical and Engineering, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa	Wang, S., Center for Power Electronics Systems, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, United States; Van Wyk, J.D., Center for Power Electronics Systems, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, United States, Department of Electrical and Engineering, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; Lee, F.C., Center for Power Electronics Systems, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, United States	This paper first analyzes the electrical parameters of differential-mode (DM) and common-mode (CM) propagation on power interconnects. The impedance-transformation effects of the power interconnects are then investigated. The interactions between the parasitic parameters in electromagnetic-interference (EMI) filters and the transformed impedances by the power interconnects are explored in detail. It is found that the interactions can degrade EMI-filter performance at high frequencies. Simulations and experiments are finally carried out to verify the analysis. © 2007 IEEE.	Electromagnetic-interference (EMI) filter; Equivalent parallel capacitance (EPC); Equivalent series inductance (ESL); Impedance transformation; Power interconnects; Transmission line	Electromagnetic-interference (EMI) filter; Equivalent parallel capacitance (EPC); Equivalent series inductance; Impedance transformation; Transmission line; Electronics engineering; Industrial electronics; Electromagnetism	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84954319870	Evaluation of genome wide association study associated type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci in sub Saharan Africans	Adeyemo A.A., Tekola-Ayele F., Doumatey A.P., Bentley A.R., Chen G., Huang H., Zhou J., Shriner D., Fasanmade O., Okafor G., Eghan B., Jr., Agyenim-Boateng K., Adeleye J., Balogun W., Elkahloun A., Chandrasekharappa S., Owusu S., Amoah A., Acheampong J.,	2015	Frontiers in Genetics	6	None	10.3389/fgene.2015.00335	Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Department of Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; National Human Genome Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States	Adeyemo, A.A., Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Tekola-Ayele, F., Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Doumatey, A.P., Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Bentley, A.R., Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Chen, G., Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Huang, H., Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Zhou, J., Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Shriner, D., Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Fasanmade, O., Department of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Okafor, G., Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Eghan, B., Jr., Department of Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Agyenim-Boateng, K., Department of Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Adeleye, J., Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Balogun, W., Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Elkahloun, A., National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Chandrasekharappa, S., National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Owusu, S., Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Amoah, A., Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Acheampong, J., Department of Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Johnson, T., Department of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Oli, J., Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Adebamowo, C., Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States; Collins, F., National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Dunston, G., National Human Genome Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States; Rotimi, C.N., Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States	Genome wide association studies (GWAS) for type 2 diabetes (T2D) undertaken in European and Asian ancestry populations have yielded dozens of robustly associated loci. However, the genomics of T2D remains largely understudied in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where rates of T2D are increasing dramatically and where the environmental background is quite different than in these previous studies. Here, we evaluate 106 reported T2D GWAS loci in continental Africans. We tested each of these SNPs, and SNPs in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with these index SNPs, for an association with T2D in order to assess transferability and to fine map the loci leveraging the generally reduced LD of African genomes. The study included 1775 unrelated Africans (1035 T2D cases, 740 controls; mean age 54 years; 59% female) enrolled in Nigeria, Ghana, and Kenya as part of the Africa America Diabetes Mellitus (AADM) study. All samples were genotyped on the Affymetrix Axiom PanAFR SNP array. Forty-one of the tested loci showed transferability to this African sample (p &lt; 0.05, same direction of effect), 11 at the exact reported SNP and 30 others at SNPs in LD with the reported SNP (after adjustment for the number of tested SNPs). TCF7L2 SNP rs7903146 was the most significant locus in this study (p = 1.61 × 10-8). Most of the loci that showed transferability were successfully fine-mapped, i.e., localized to smaller haplotypes than in the original reports. The findings indicate that the genetic architecture of T2D in SSA is characterized by several risk loci shared with non-African ancestral populations and that data from African populations may facilitate fine mapping of risk loci. The study provides an important resource for meta-analysis of African ancestry populations and transferability of novel loci. © 2015 Adeyemo, Tekola-Ayele, Doumatey, Bentley, Chen, Huang, Zhou, Shriner, Fasanmade, Okafor, Eghan, Agyenim-Boateng, Adeleye, Balogun, Elkahloun, Chandrasekharappa, Owusu, Amoah, Acheampong, Johnson, Oli, Adebamowo, Collins, Dunston and Rotimi.	Fine-mapping; Genetic association; Replication; Sub Saharan Africa; Type 2 diabetes	cholesterol; glucose; triacylglycerol; adult; Africa south of the Sahara; anthropometry; Article; blood analysis; controlled study; female; gene linkage disequilibrium; gene locus; gene mapping; genetic association; genetic susceptibility; genotype; human; major clinical study; male; middle aged; non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; single nucleotide polymorphism	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-15344344089	Sex-specific performance of routine TB diagnostic tests	Kivihya-Ndugga L.E.A., Van Cleeff M.R.A., Ng'ang'a L.W., Meme H., Odhiambo J.A., Klatser P.R.	2005	International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease	9	3	None	Center for Respiratory Diseases, Kenya Med. Res. Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute (KIT), Amsterdam, Netherlands; Centers for Dis. Contr. and Prev., Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute (KIT), Meibergdreef 39, Amsterdam, Netherlands	Kivihya-Ndugga, L.E.A., Center for Respiratory Diseases, Kenya Med. Res. Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya; Van Cleeff, M.R.A., Department of Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute (KIT), Amsterdam, Netherlands; Ng'ang'a, L.W., Center for Respiratory Diseases, Kenya Med. Res. Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya, Centers for Dis. Contr. and Prev., Nairobi, Kenya; Meme, H., Center for Respiratory Diseases, Kenya Med. Res. Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya; Odhiambo, J.A., Center for Respiratory Diseases, Kenya Med. Res. Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya, Centers for Dis. Contr. and Prev., Nairobi, Kenya; Klatser, P.R., Department of Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute (KIT), Amsterdam, Netherlands, Department of Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute (KIT), Meibergdreef 39, Amsterdam, Netherlands	SETTING: City Council Chest Clinic, Nairobi, Kenya. OBJECTIVE: To determine to what extent the performance of smear microscopy is responsible for sex differences in notification rates. METHODOLOGY: Three sputum samples from TB suspects were subjected to smear microscopy with Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) and auramine (FM) staining. Löwenstein-Jensen culture was used as the gold standard. RESULTS: Of 998 suspects, 600 (60%) were men and 398 (40%) women. The odds of detecting culture-positive patients with ZN was lower for women (OR 0.67). By examining the first spot specimen, ZN detected 35% of culture-positive males and 26% of culture-positive females. These proportions increased to respectively 63% and 53% when examining three specimens, and to 79% and 74% when using FM. The sex difference reduced and became non-significant (P = 0.19) when adjusted for HIV; however, the numbers involved for HIV stratification were low. CONCLUSION: The performance of a diagnostic tool contributes to sex differences in notification rates and influences male/female ratios. Women were less likely to be diagnosed (P = 0.08), and when ZN was used they were less likely to be labelled as smear-positive TB (P < 0.01). The application of more sensitive diagnostic tools such as FM is to the advantage of women. © 2005 The Union.	Gender; Sensitivity/specificity; Sex; Smear microscopy; Tuberculosis	adult; article; auramine stain; bacterium culture; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Kenya; lowenstein jensen culture; major clinical study; male; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; sex difference; sex ratio; sputum smear; staining; statistical significance; tuberculosis; ziehl neelsen stain; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bacteriological Techniques; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Female; Humans; Male; Microscopy; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Regression Analysis; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sex Factors; Sputum; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903988975	The impact of homeownership on marriage and divorce: Evidence from propensity score matching	Grinstein-Weiss M., Manturuk K.R., Guo S., Charles P., Key C.	2014	Social Work Research	38	2	10.1093/swr/svu016	Center for Social Development, George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO 63130, Zimbabwe; Center for Community Capital, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States; School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, United States	Grinstein-Weiss, M., Center for Social Development, George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO 63130, Zimbabwe; Manturuk, K.R., Center for Community Capital, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States; Guo, S., Center for Community Capital, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States; Charles, P., School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, United States; Key, C., Center for Community Capital, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States	This research examined the relationship between homeownership and the likelihood of marriage or divorce. Drawing on exchange theory and an economic understanding of marriage, the authors hypothesized that single homeowners are less likely to marry than single renters, whereas married homeowners are less likely to divorce than married renters. These hypotheses were tested using longitudinal data collected from a group of lower income homeowners and a comparison group of renters. Propensity score models were used to account for selection bias. Results indicate that single homeowners are, in fact, less likely to marry than their renting counterparts, whereas married homeowners are less likely to divorce than married renters. These findings suggest that assets, such as a home, can play a significant role in the likelihood of both marriage and divorce. © 2014 National Association of Social Workers.	Divorce; Homeownership; Marriage; Propensity score analysis	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-39049091339	Estimating the impact of vaccination using age-time-dependent incidence rates of hepatitis B	Hens N., Aerts M., Shkedy Z., Kung'u Kimani P., Kojouhorova M., Van Damme P., Beutels Ph.	2008	Epidemiology and Infection	136	3	10.1017/S0950268807008692	Center for Statistics, Hasselt University, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; Kenya Institute of Medical Research, Nairobi, Kenya; National Center of Infectious and Parasitic diseases, Department of Epidemiology, Sofia, Bulgaria; Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium	Hens, N., Center for Statistics, Hasselt University, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; Aerts, M., Center for Statistics, Hasselt University, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; Shkedy, Z., Center for Statistics, Hasselt University, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; Kung'u Kimani, P., Kenya Institute of Medical Research, Nairobi, Kenya; Kojouhorova, M., National Center of Infectious and Parasitic diseases, Department of Epidemiology, Sofia, Bulgaria; Van Damme, P., Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Beutels, Ph., Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium	The objective of this study was to model the age-time-dependent incidence of hepatitis B while estimating the impact of vaccination. While stochastic models/time-series have been used before to model hepatitis B cases in the absence of knowledge on the number of susceptibles, this paper proposed using a method that fits into the generalized additive model framework. Generalized additive models with penalized regression splines are used to exploit the underlying continuity of both age and time in a flexible non-parametric way. Based on a unique case notification dataset, we have shown that the implemented immunization programme in Bulgaria resulted in a significant decrease in incidence for infants in their first year of life with 82% (79-84%). Moreover, we have shown that conditional on an assumed baseline susceptibility percentage, a smooth force-of-infection profile can be obtained from which two local maxima were observed at ages 9 and 24 years. © 2007 Cambridge University Press.	None	hepatitis B vaccine; age; article; Bulgaria; conceptual framework; health program; hepatitis B; human; immunization; incidence; infant; infection sensitivity; mathematical model; nonparametric test; regression analysis; risk reduction; sensitivity analysis; stochastic model; time series analysis; vaccination; Bulgaria; Communicable Disease Control; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B Vaccines; Hepatitis B virus; Humans; Incidence; Models, Statistical; Vaccination	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548264707	Electronic structure of trigonal-planar transition-metal - Imido complexes: Spin-state energetics, spin-density profiles, and the remarkable performance of the OLYP functional	Conradie J., Ghosh A.	2007	Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation	3	3	10.1021/ct600337j	Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa	Conradie, J., Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway, Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa; Ghosh, A., Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway	We have carried out a detailed multifunctional density functional theory study of first-row transition-metal (Cr to Cu) β-diketiminato ("nacnac") imido and oxo complexes. All the complexes studied exhibit essentially the same d-orbital energy ordering, which is a1 (d x 2-z 2) ≤ a2 (d xy) ≤ a1 (dy2) &lt; b2 (d yz) &lt; b1 (dxz), where the metal-imido vector is identified with the z axis and metal-N3 plane is identified with the xz plane. A curious aspect of this orbital ordering is that the metal d z 2-z 2 orbital, one of whose lobes points directly at the imido nitrogen, is considerably lower in energy than the dπ orbitale. We have determined that the remarkable stability of the dσ-type orbitale owes largely to the way these orbitals hybridize or "shape-shift" as a result of the absence of ligands trans or equatorial with respect to the imido (or oxo) group. Of the many functionals examined, OLYP and OPBE, based on the Handy-Cohen OPTX exchange functional, appear to provide the best overall description of the spin-state energetics of the various complexes. In particular, these two functionals predict an S = 3/2 ground state for Fe(III) nacnac imido complexes and an S = 0 ground state for Co(III) nacnac imido complexes, as observed experimentally. In contrast, classic pure functionals such as PW91 predict S = 1/2 ground states or at best equienergetic S = 1/2 and S = 3/2 states for the Fe(III) imido complexes, while hybrid functionals such as B3LYP and O3LYP predict S = 1 or 2 ground states for the Co(III) nacnac imido complexes. © 2007 American Chemical Society.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-62449214951	Impact of intense, longitudinal retreatment with praziquantel on cure rates of schistosomiasis mansoni in a cohort of occupationally exposed adults in western Kenya	Black C.L., Steinauer M.L., Mwinzi P.N.M., Evan Secor W., Karanja D.M.S., Colley D.G.	2009	Tropical Medicine and International Health	14	4	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02234.x	Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States; Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya; Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States	Black, C.L., Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States, Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Steinauer, M.L., Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States; Mwinzi, P.N.M., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya; Evan Secor, W., Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Karanja, D.M.S., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya; Colley, D.G., Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States	Objective: To investigate trends in the efficacy of praziquantel (PZQ) suggestive of the emergence of drug resistance against Schistosoma mansoni infection after 12.5 years of intense, repeated use in a small geographic area along the shores of Lake Victoria. Methods: As part of a longitudinal study, 178 men occupationally exposed to schistosomes were repeatedly tested for S. mansoni infection at 4- to 6-week intervals and treated with PZQ at each reinfection. We compared cure rates by year of study and examined factors associated with cure failure in a multivariate logistic regression model. Results: Overall, the cure rate after a single dose of PZQ was 66%, ranging annually from 36% to 82%. In multivariate analysis, failure to cure after 1 PZQ dose was significantly associated with high intensity of infection and having fewer previous exposures to dying worms. Even after adjustment for these factors, treatments administered in 2006 were significantly more likely to result in cure failures than treatments administered in 2004, the year in which PZQ efficacy was highest. While cure rates varied over the course of 12 years, there was no consistent downward trend towards decreased efficacy over time. In years for which malacological data were available, periods of low PZQ efficacy coincide with high rates of S. mansoni infection in nearby snail populations. Conclusion: We did not find a pattern of cure failures consistent with development of clinical resistance to PZQ in our intensely treated cohort. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Drug resistance; Praziquantel; Schistosomiasis	praziquantel; drug; drug resistance; infectious disease; multivariate analysis; numerical model; occupational exposure; population structure; regression analysis; snail; adult; article; cohort analysis; disease transmission; drug efficacy; egg; human; Kenya; longitudinal study; major clinical study; male; occupational exposure; parasite identification; parasite prevalence; repeated drug dose; Schistosoma mansoni; schistosomiasis; single drug dose; snail; treatment failure; treatment outcome; Adult; Animals; Anthelmintics; Drug Resistance; HIV Infections; Humans; Liver Diseases, Parasitic; Logistic Models; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Parasite Egg Count; Praziquantel; Schistosomiasis mansoni; Africa; East Africa; Kenya; Sub-Saharan Africa; Gastropoda; Schistosoma mansoni	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930615156	Impact of Anti-Retroviral Treatment and Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis on Helminth Infections in HIV-Infected Patients in Lambaréné, Gabon	Janssen S., Hermans S., Knap M., Moekotte A., Rossatanga E.G., Adegnika A.A., Bélard S., Hänscheid T., Grobusch M.P.	2015	PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases	9	5	10.1371/journal.pntd.0003769	Center for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Centre de Traitement Ambulatoire (CTA), Lambaréné, Gabon; Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon; Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Instituto de Microbiologia, Lisbon, Portugal	Janssen, S., Center for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Centre de Traitement Ambulatoire (CTA), Lambaréné, Gabon, Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Hermans, S., Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Knap, M., Center for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon; Moekotte, A., Center for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon; Rossatanga, E.G., Centre de Traitement Ambulatoire (CTA), Lambaréné, Gabon; Adegnika, A.A., Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Bélard, S., Center for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Hänscheid, T., Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon, Instituto de Microbiologia, Lisbon, Portugal; Grobusch, M.P., Center for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands	Foci of the HIV epidemic and helminthic infections largely overlap geographically. Treatment options for helminth infections are limited, and there is a paucity of drug-development research in this area. Limited evidence suggests that antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces prevalence of helminth infections in HIV-infected individuals. We investigated whether ART exposure and cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (CTX-P) is associated with a reduced prevalence of helminth infections. This cross-sectional study was conducted at a primary HIV-clinic in Lambaréné, Gabon. HIV-infected adults who were ART-naïve or exposed to ART for at least 3 months submitted one blood sample and stool and urine samples on 3 consecutive days. Outcome was helminth infection with intestinal helminths, Schistosoma haematobium, Loa loa or Mansonella perstans. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess associations between ART or CTX-P and helminth infection. In total, 408 patients were enrolled. Helminth infection was common (77/252 [30.5%]). Filarial infections were most prevalent (55/310 [17.7%]), followed by infection with intestinal helminths (35/296 [11.8%]) and S. haematobium (19/323 [5.9%]). Patients on CTX-P had a reduced risk of Loa loa microfilaremia (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.23-0.97, P = 0.04), also in the subgroup of patients on ART (aOR 0.36, 95% CI 0.13-0.96, P = 0.04). There was no effect of ART exposure on helminth infection prevalence. CTX-P use was associated with a decreased risk of Loa loa infection, suggesting an anthelminthic effect of antifolate drugs. No relation between ART use and helminth infections was established. © 2015 Janssen et al.	None	antiretrovirus agent; cotrimoxazole; adult; aged; Article; blood sampling; CD4 lymphocyte count; cross-sectional study; feces analysis; female; follow up; geographic distribution; helminthiasis; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; infection risk; major clinical study; male; outcome assessment; parasite prevalence; prophylaxis; treatment duration; urinalysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69149104055	Evaluation of the lubricating properties of palm kernel oil	Musa J.J.	2009	Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies	7	14	None	Department of Agriculture and Bio-Resource Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria	Musa, J.J., Department of Agriculture and Bio-Resource Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria	The search for renewable energy resources continues to attract attention in recent times as fossil fuels such as petroleum, coal and natural gas, which are been used to meet the energy needs of man are associated with negative environmental impacts such as global warming. Biodiesel offered reduced exhaust emissions, improved biodegradability, reduced toxicity and higher carotene rating which can improve performance and clean up emissions. Standard methods were used to determine the physical and chemical properties of the oil, which includes the Density, Viscosity, flash/fire point, carbon residue, volatility and Specific Gravity were determined by chemical experimental analysis. The flash/fire points of the Heavy duty oil (SAE 40) and Light duty oil (SAE 30) is 260/300(°C) and 243/290(°C) respectively while the pour points of the samples are 22°C for palm kernel oil while 9°C and 21°C for SAE 40and SAE 30 respectively.	Biodiesel; Density; Fire point; Flash point; Heavy duty; Light duty; Viscosity	None	None
None	None	Evaluation of two counterflow traps for testing behaviour-mediating compounds for the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae s.s. under semi-field conditions in Tanzania	Schmied W.H., Takken W., Killeen G.F., Knols B.G.J., Smallegange R.C.	2008	Malaria Journal	7	None	10.1186/1475-2875-7-230	Center of Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Entomology Unit, Ifakara Health Research and Development Center, Ifakara, Tanzania; Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Center, P.O. Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, Netherlands; School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom	Schmied, W.H., Center of Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria, Entomology Unit, Ifakara Health Research and Development Center, Ifakara, Tanzania; Takken, W., Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Center, P.O. Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, Netherlands; Killeen, G.F., Entomology Unit, Ifakara Health Research and Development Center, Ifakara, Tanzania, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom; Knols, B.G.J., Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Center, P.O. Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, Netherlands; Smallegange, R.C., Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Center, P.O. Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, Netherlands	Background. Evaluation of mosquito responses towards different trap-bait combinations in field trials is a time-consuming process that can be shortened by experiments in contained semi-field systems. Possible use of the BG Sentinel (BGS) trap to sample Anopheles gambiae s.s. was evaluated. The efficiency of this trap was compared with that of the Mosquito Magnet-X (MM-X) trap, when baited with foot odour alone or combinations of foot odour with carbon dioxide (CO2) or lemongrass as behaviour-modifying cues. Methods. Female An. gambiae s.s. were released in an experimental flight arena that was placed in a semi-field system and left overnight. Catch rates for the MM-X and BGS traps were recorded. Data were analysed by fitting a generalized linear model to the (n+1) transformed catches. Results. Both types of traps successfully captured mosquitoes with all odour cues used. When the BGS trap was tested against the MM-X trap in a choice assay with foot odour as bait, the BGS trap caught about three times as many mosquitoes as the MM-X trap (P = 0.002). Adding CO 2(500 ml/min) to foot odour increased the number of mosquitoes caught by 268% for the MM-X (P &lt; 0.001) and 34% (P = 0.051) for the BGS trap, compared to foot odour alone. When lemongrass leaves were added to foot odour, mosquito catches were reduced by 39% (BGS, P &lt; 0.001) and 38% (MM-X, P = 0.353), respectively. Conclusion. The BGS trap shows high potential for field trials due to its simple construction and high catch rate when baited with human foot odour only. However, for rapid screening of different baits in a contained semi-field system, the superior discriminatory power of the MM-X trap is advantageous. © 2008 Schmied et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	carbon dioxide; carbon dioxide; chemotactic factor; Anopheles gambiae; article; controlled study; Cymbopogon citratus; disease carrier; female; malaria; nonhuman; odor; Tanzania; animal; animal behavior; comparative study; drug effect; human; mosquito; Animals; Anopheles gambiae; Behavior, Animal; Carbon Dioxide; Chemotactic Factors; Female; Humans; Mosquito Control; Odors; Tanzania	None
WoS	WOS:000276219700027	Evaluation of the Role of School Children in the Promotion of Point-of-Use Water Treatment and Handwashing in Schools and Households-Nyanza Province, Western Kenya, 2007	Blanton, Elizabeth,Mwaki, Alex,Oluoch, Gordon Otieno,Ombeki, Sam,Quick, Rob,Wannemuehler, Kathleen	2010	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE	82	4	10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0422	Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Cooperat Assistance & Relief Everywhere Inc, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent	None	We installed drinking water and handwashing stations in 17 rural schools and trained teachers to promote water treatment and hygiene to pupils. We gave schools flocculent-disinfectant powder and hypochlorite solution for water treatment. We conducted a baseline water handling survey of pupils' parents from 17 schools and tested stored water for chlorine. We trained teachers and students about hygiene, installed water stations, and distributed instructional comic books to students. We conducted follow-up surveys and chlorine testing at 3 and 13 months. From baseline to 3-month follow-up, parental awareness of the flocculent-disinfectant increased (49-91%, P &lt; 0.0001), awareness of hypochlorite remained high (93-92%), and household use of flocculent-disinfectant (1-7%, P &lt; 0.0001) and hypochlorite (6-13%, P &lt; 0.0001) increased, and were maintained after 13 months. Pupil absentee rates decreased after implementation by 26%. This school-based program resulted in pupil-to-parent knowledge transfer and significant increases in household water treatment practices that were sustained over 1 year.	,"DIARRHEA PREVENTION",DRINKING-WATER,FLOCCULANT-DISINFECTANT,INTERVENTION,KNOWLEDGE,PROGRAM,"RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL","RURAL GUATEMALA","SAFE WATER"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000280743400005	EVALUATION OF A U.S. EVIDENCE-BASED PARENTING INTERVENTION IN RURAL WESTERN KENYA: FROM PARENTS MATTER! TO FAMILIES MATTER!	Buve, Anne,Marum, Elizabeth,Menten, Joris,Miller, Kim S.,Obong'o, Christopher O.,Ochura, Juliet,Otwoma, Nelson J.,Poulsen, Melissa N.,Vandenhoudt, Hilde,Wyckoff, Sarah C.	2010	AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION	22	4	None	Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Trop Med, Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr	None	We evaluated Families Matter! Program (FMP), an intervention designed to improve parent-child communication about sexual risk reduction and parenting skills. Parents of 10- to 12-year-olds were recruited in western Kenya. We aimed to assess community acceptability and FMP's effect on parenting practices and effective parent-child communication. Data were collected from parents and their children at baseline and 1 year postintervention. The intervention's effect was measured on six parenting and parent-child communication composite scores reported separately for parents and children. Of 375 parents, 351 (94%) attended all five intervention sessions. Parents' attitudes regarding sexuality education changed positively. Five of the six composite parenting scores reported by parents, and six of six reported by children, increased significantly at 1 year postintervention. Through careful adaptation of this U.S. intervention, FMP was well accepted in rural Kenya and enhanced parenting skills and parent-child sexuality communication. Parents are in a unique position to deliver primary prevention to youth before their sexual debut as shown in this Kenyan program.	,"ADOLESCENT DRUG-ABUSE",AFRICAN-AMERICAN,BEHAVIOR,COMMUNICATION,"CONDOM USE",EDUCATION,HIV,"PRIMARY PREVENTION",SEXUAL-RISK,TRIAL	None	None
WoS	WOS:000303700600013	Evaluation of integrated registers for tuberculosis and HIV surveillance in children, Ethiopia, 2007-2009	Assefa, D.,Cain, K.,Click, E. S.,Fantu, R.,Feleke, B.,Gadisa, T.,Melaku, Z.,Menzies, H.,Pevzner, E.	2012	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE	16	5	10.5588/ijtld.11.0655	Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Ctr AIDS Care & Treatment Programs	None	In 2008, Ethiopia implemented tuberculosis (TB) treatment registers that included columns for recording human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test results (integrated registers) to replace the previous system of separate TB and HIV registers (pre-integration registers). We compared the proportion of children with documented HIV rapid test results at eight hospitals before and after adopting the integrated registers. HIV status was more consistently documented in the integrated registers; however, HIV status for infants aged &lt;18 months could not be assessed, as the registers did not capture results from polymerase chain reaction-based testing. Recording procedures should be revised to document age-appropriate HIV diagnostic results and ensure referral for appropriate care.	HIV,PEDIATRIC,TB,TUBERCULOSIS,"CHILDHOOD TUBERCULOSIS"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000331009000027	Assessment of Quality of Life as a Tool for Measuring Morbidity Due to Schistosoma mansoni Infection and the Impact of Treatment	Abudho, Bernard,Blackstock, Anna J.,Foo, Karen T.,Hightower, Allen W.,Karanja, Diana M. S.,Kennedy, Erin D.,Montgomery, Susan P.,Mwinzi, Pauline N. M.,Ochola, Elizabeth A.,Person, Bobbie,Secor, W. Evan,Won, Kimberly Y.	2014	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE	90	2	10.4269/ajtmh.13-0361	Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr	None	Recently, health measurements have broadened to include the assessment of quality of life (QOL). This study was conducted to assess whether the short form of the World Health Organization (WHO) QOL questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) was an effective tool for measuring morbidity due to Schistosoma mansoni infection and whether it could detect an impact of treatment with praziquantel. A total of 724 adults 18-85 years of age were enrolled. At baseline, S. mansoni prevalence was 73.2% by stool examination and 75.4% by circulating cathodic antigen, and there was no association between infection status and WHOQOL-BREF scores. Six months after treatment, S. mansoni prevalence was lower and the proportion of persons with higher WHOQOL-BREF scores significantly increased among persons who were infected at baseline. However, a similar increase was observed in persons not infected at baseline. In areas of high prevalence, the WHOQOL-BREF may not be able to detect the benefits of schistosomiasis control programs.	,"AGED CHILDREN",ANEMIA,CHEMOTHERAPY,DIAGNOSIS,"MASS TREATMENT",PRAZIQUANTEL,PREVALENCE,SCHOOLCHILDREN,"SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS","WESTERN KENYA"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000339283500001	The impact of home-based HIV counseling and testing on care-seeking and incidence of common infectious disease syndromes in rural western Kenya	Ackers, Marta,Amolloh, Manase,Audi, Allan,Aura, Barrack,Bigogo, Godfrey,Breiman, Robert F.,Burton, Deron,Dalal, Warren,Feikin, Daniel R.,Laserson, Kayla F.	2014	BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES	14	None	10.1186/1471-2334-14-376	Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr	None	Background: In much of Africa, most individuals living with HIV do not know their status. Home-based counseling and testing (HBCT) leads to more HIV-infected people learning their HIV status. However, there is little data on whether knowing one's HIV-positive status necessarily leads to uptake of HIV care, which could in turn, lead to a reduction in the prevalence of common infectious disease syndromes. Methods: In 2008, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) offered HBCT to individuals (aged &gt;= 13 years) under active surveillance for infectious disease syndromes in Lwak in rural western Kenya. HIV test results were linked to morbidity and healthcare-seeking data collected by field workers through bi-weekly home visits. We analyzed changes in healthcare seeking behaviors using proportions, and incidence (expressed as episodes per person-year) of acute respiratory illness (ARI), severe acute respiratory illness (SARI), acute febrile illness (AFI) and diarrhea among first-time HIV testers in the year before and after HBCT, stratified by their test result and if HIV-positive, whether they sought care at HIV Patient Support Centers (PSCs). Results: Of 9,613 individuals offered HBCT, 6,366 (66%) were first-time testers, 698 (11%) of whom were HIV-infected. One year after HBCT, 50% of HIV-infected persons had enrolled at PSCs - 92% of whom had started cotrimoxazole and 37% of those eligible for antiretroviral treatment had initiated therapy. Among HIV-infected persons enrolled in PSCs, AFI and diarrhea incidence decreased in the year after HBCT (rate ratio [RR] 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77 - 0.91 and RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.73 - 0.98, respectively). Among HIV-infected persons not attending PSCs and among HIV-uninfected persons, decreases in incidence were significantly lower. While decreases also occurred in rates of respiratory illnesses among HIV-positive persons in care, there were similar decreases in the other two groups. Conclusions: Large scale HBCT enabled a large number of newly diagnosed HIV-infected persons to know their HIV status, leading to a change in care seeking behavior and ultimately a decrease in incidence of common infectious disease syndromes through appropriate treatment and care.	"healthcare seeking","Home based HIV counseling and testing","Infectious disease incidence",AFRICA,"ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",COTRIMOXAZOLE,FOLLOW-UP,HEALTH,"MORBIDITY SURVEILLANCE",MORTALITY,PROPHYLAXIS,TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE,"UGANDAN ADULTS"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000324777300033	A Qualitative Evaluation of Hand Drying Practices among Kenyans	Ogange, Lorraine,Owuor, Mercy,Person, Bobbie,Quick, Rob,Schilling, Katharine	2013	PLOS ONE	8	9	10.1371/journal.pone.0074370	Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr	None	Background: Recommended disease prevention behaviors of hand washing, hygienic hand drying, and covering one's mouth and nose in a hygienic manner when coughing and sneezing appear to be simple behaviors but continue to be a challenge to successfully promote and sustain worldwide. We conducted a qualitative inquiry to better understand current hand drying behaviors associated with activities of daily living, and mouth and nose covering practices, among Kenyans. Methods and Findings: We conducted 7 focus group discussions; 30 in-depth interviews; 10 structured household observations; and 75 structured observations in public venues in the urban area of Kisumu; rural communities surrounding Kisumu; and a peri-urban area outside Nairobi, Kenya. Using a grounded theory approach, we transcribed and coded the narrative data followed by thematic analysis of the emergent themes. Hand drying, specifically on a clean towel, was not a common practice among our participants. Most women dried their hands on their waist cloth, called a leso, or their clothes whether they were cooking, eating or cleaning the nose of a young child. If men dried their hands, they used their trousers or a handkerchief. Children rarely dried their hands; they usually just wiped them on their clothes, shook them, or left them wet as they continued with their activities. Many people sneezed into their hands and wiped them on their clothes. Men and women used a handkerchief fairly often when they had a runny nose, cold, or the flu. Most people coughed into the air or their hand. Conclusions: Drying hands on dirty clothes, rags and lesos can compromise the benefits of handwashing. Coughing and sneezing in to an open hand can contribute to spread of disease as well. Understanding these practices can inform health promotion activities and campaigns for the prevention and control of diarrheal disease and influenza.	,DISEASE,HYGIENE,RISK,"SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000309795000003	Impact of a Hygiene Curriculum and the Installation of Simple Handwashing and Drinking Water Stations in Rural Kenyan Primary Schools on Student Health and Hygiene Practices	Faith, Sitnah Hamidah,Harris, Julie R.,Hoekstra, Robert M.,Juliao, Patricia,Kola, Steve,Nygren, Benjamin,Obure, Alfredo,Otieno, Ronald,Patel, Minal K.,Quick, Robert,Sadumah, Ibrahim,Were, Vincent	2012	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE	87	4	10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0494	Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, NICHE Project	None	School-based hygiene and water treatment programs increase student knowledge, improve hygiene, and decrease absenteeism, however health impact studies of these programs are lacking. We collected baseline information from students in 42 schools in Kenya. We then instituted a curriculum on safe water and hand hygiene and installed water stations in half ("intervention schools"). One year later, we implemented the intervention in remaining schools. Through biweekly student household visits and two annual surveys, we compared the effect of the intervention on hygiene practices and reported student illness. We saw improvement in proper handwashing techniques after the school program was introduced. We observed a decrease in the median percentage of students with acute respiratory illness among those exposed to the program; no decrease in acute diarrhea was seen. Students in this school program exhibited sustained improvement in hygiene knowledge and a decreased risk of respiratory infections after the intervention.	,CHILDREN,DIFFICULTIES,GUATEMALA,INTERVENTION,"NYANZA PROVINCE",PREVENTION,PROGRAM,PROMOTION,"SAFE WATER","WESTERN KENYA"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000323584700015	Kenya's Health Workforce Information System: A model of impact on strategic human resources policy, planning and management	Kimani, Francis M.,Kiriinya, Rose N.,Oluoch, Tom,Riley, Patricia L.,Waters, Keith P.,Waudo, Agnes N.,Willy, Rankesh M.,Zuber, Alexandra	2013	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS	82	9	10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2013.06.004	Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kenya Hlth Work Force Project, Minist Med Serv	None	Objective: Countries worldwide are challenged by health worker shortages, skill mix imbalances, and maldistribution. Human resources information systems (HRIS) are used to monitor and address these health workforce issues, but global understanding of such systems is minimal and baseline information regarding their scope and capability is practically non-existent. The Kenya Health Workforce Information System (KHWIS) has been identified as a promising example of a functioning HRIS. The objective of this paper is to document the impact of KHWIS data on human resources policy, planning and management. Methods: Sources for this study included semi-structured interviews with senior officials at Kenya's Ministry of Medical Services (MOMS), Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation (MOPHS), the Department of Nursing within MOMS, the Nursing Council of Kenya, Kenya Medical Practitioners and Dentists Board, Kenya's Clinical Officers Council, and Kenya Medical Laboratory Technicians and Technologists Board. Additionally, quantitative data were extracted from KHWIS databases to supplement the interviews. Health sector policy documents were retrieved from MOMS and MOPHS websites, and reviewed to assess whether they documented any changes to policy and practice as having been impacted by KHWIS data. Results: Interviews with Kenyan government and regulatory officials cited health workforce data provided by KHWIS influenced policy, regulation, and management. Policy changes include extension of Kenya's age of mandatory civil service retirement from 55 to 60 years. Data retrieved from KHWIS document increased relicensing of professional nurses, midwives, medical practitioners and dentists, and interviewees reported this improved compliance raised professional regulatory body revenues. The review of Government records revealed few references to KHWIS; however, documentation specifically cited the KHWIS as having improved the availability of human resources for health information regarding workforce planning, management, and development. Conclusion: KHWIS data have impacted a range of improvements in health worker regulation, human resources management, and workforce policy and planning at Kenya's ministries of health. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd	"global health","Human resources for health (HRH)","Human resources information system (HRIS)","MEDICAL INFORMATICS","nursing informatics","Workforce surveillance"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000300245500017	Economic Evaluation of a Child Health Days Strategy to Deliver Multiple Maternal and Child Health Interventions in Somalia	Durry, Elias,Everard, Marthe,Kamadjeu, Raoul,Mirza, Imran Raza,Nandy, Robin,Vijayaraghavan, Maya,Wallace, Aaron	2012	JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES	205	None	10.1093/infdis/jir772	Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, United Nations Childrens Fund, World Hlth Org Somalia Liaison Off	None	Introduction. Child Health Days (CHDs) are increasingly used by countries to periodically deliver multiple maternal and child health interventions as time-limited events, particularly to populations not reached by routine health services. In countries with a weak health infrastructure, this strategy could be used to reach many underserved populations with an integrated package of services. In this study, we estimate the incremental costs, impact, cost-effectiveness, and return on investment of 2 rounds of CHDs that were conducted in Somalia in 2009 and 2010. Methods. We use program costs and population estimates reported by the World Health Organization and United Nations Children's Fund to estimate the average cost per beneficiary for each of 9 interventions delivered during 2 rounds of CHDs implemented during the periods of December 2008 to May 2009 and August 2009 to April 2010. Because unstable areas were unreachable, we calculated costs for targeted and accessible beneficiaries. We model the impact of the CHDs on child mortality using the Lives Saved Tool, convert these estimates of mortality reduction to life years saved, and derive the cost-effectiveness ratio and the return on investment. Results. The estimated average incremental cost per intervention for each targeted beneficiary was $0.63, with the cost increasing to $0.77 per accessible beneficiary. The CHDs were estimated to save the lives of at least 10 000, or 500 000 life years for both rounds combined. The CHDs were cost-effective at $34.00/life year saved. For every $1 million invested in the strategy, an estimated 615 children's lives, or 29 500 life years, were saved. If the pentavalent vaccine had been delivered during the CHDs instead of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine, an additional 5000 children's lives could have been saved. Conclusions. Despite high operational costs, CHDs are a very cost-effective service delivery strategy for addressing the leading causes of child mortality in a conflict setting like Somalia and compare favorably with other interventions rated as health sector "best buys" in sub-Saharan Africa.	,COST,EPIDEMIOLOGY,MORTALITY	None	None
WoS	WOS:000282408400001	Bed net ownership in Kenya: the impact of 3.4 million free bed nets	Akhwale, Willis,Buluma, Robert,Hamel, Mary,Hightower, Allen,Kiptui, Rebecca,Laserson, Kayla,Manya, Ayub,Noor, Abdisalan,Sharif, Shahnaz K.,Slutsker, Laurence,Vanden Eng, Jodi Leigh,Vulule, John,Wolkon, Adam	2010	MALARIA JOURNAL	9	None	10.1186/1475-2875-9-183	Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control, Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kenya Natl Bur Stat, KNH Grounds, Off Director Publ Hlth & Sanitat	None	Background: In July and September 2006, 3.4 million long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets (LLINs) were distributed free in a campaign targeting children 0-59 months old (CU5s) in the 46 districts with malaria in Kenya. A survey was conducted one month after the distribution to evaluate who received campaign LLINs, who owned insecticide-treated bed nets and other bed nets received through other channels, and how these nets were being used. The feasibility of a distribution strategy aimed at a high-risk target group to meet bed net ownership and usage targets is evaluated. Methods: A stratified, two-stage cluster survey sampled districts and enumeration areas with probability proportional to size. Handheld computers (PDAs) with attached global positioning systems (GPS) were used to develop the sampling frame, guide interviewers back to chosen households, and collect survey data. Results: In targeted areas, 67.5% (95% CI: 64.6, 70.3%) of all households with CU5s received campaign LLINs. Including previously owned nets, 74.4% (95% CI: 71.8, 77.0%) of all households with CU5s had an ITN. Over half of CU5s (51.7%, 95% CI: 48.8, 54.7%) slept under an ITN during the previous evening. Nearly forty percent (39.1%) of all households received a campaign net, elevating overall household ownership of ITNs to 50.7% (95% CI: 48.4, 52.9%). Conclusions: The campaign was successful in reaching the target population, families with CU5s, the risk group most vulnerable to malaria. Targeted distribution strategies will help Kenya approach indicator targets, but will need to be combined with other strategies to achieve desired population coverage levels.	,CHILD-MORTALITY,COVERAGE,"INSECTICIDE-TREATED BEDNETS",MALARIA,MORBIDITY,PROGRAM,"WESTERN KENYA"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-74549190768	Impacts of alien plant invasions on species richness in mediterranean-type ecosystems: A meta-analysis	Gaertner M., Breeyen A.D., Hui C., Richardson D.M.	2009	Progress in Physical Geography	33	3	10.1177/0309133309341607	Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Gaertner, M., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Breeyen, A.D., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Hui, C., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Richardson, D.M., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Besides a general consensus regarding the negative impact of invasive alien species in the literature, only recently has the decline of native species attributable to biological invasions begun to be quantified in many parts of the world. The cause-effect relationship between the establishment and proliferation of alien species and the extinction of native species is, however, seldom demonstrated. We conducted a meta-analysis of studies in Mediterranean-type ecosystems (MTEs) to examine: (1) whether invasion of alien plant species indeed causes a reduction in the number of native plant species at different spatial and temporal scales; (2) which growth forms, habitat types and areas are most affected by invasions; and (3) which taxa are most responsible for native species richness declines. Our results confirm a significant decline in native species richness attributable to alien invasions. Studies conducted at small scales or sampled over long periods reveal stronger impacts of alien invasion than those at large spatial scales and over short periods. Alien species from regions with similar climates have much stronger impacts, with the native species richness in South Africa and Australia declining significantly more post-invasion than for European sites. Australian Acacia species in South Africa accounted for the most significant declines in native species richness. Among the different growth forms of alien plants, annual herbs, trees and creepers had the greatest impact, whereas graminoids generally caused insignificant changes to the native community. Native species richness of shrublands, old fields and dune vegetation showed significant declines, in contrast to insignificant declines for forest habitats. © The Author(s), 2009.	Biodiversity; Biological invasions; Exotic species; Growth form; Habitat type; Spatial and temporal scale	biodiversity; biological invasion; growth form; habitat type; invasive species; meta-analysis; native species; species richness; terrestrial ecosystem; Australia; Mediterranean Region; South Africa; Acacia; Certhiidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952031477	Phenotypic plasticity of locomotion performance in the seed harvester Messor capensis (Formicidae)	Clusella-Trullas S., Terblanche J.S., Chown S.L.	2010	Physiological and Biochemical Zoology	83	3	10.1086/651387	Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Clusella-Trullas, S., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Terblanche, J.S., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Chown, S.L., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Temperature dependence, energetics, and speed of locomotion have important implications for the ecology and evolution of ants. Here, we report the results of a full-factorial study investigating the responses of active metabolic rate (AMR), voluntary locomotion speed, and cost of transport (COT) to three temperature acclimations (7-10 d; 20°, 25°, and 30°C) and three test temperature treatments (2 h; 20°, 25°, and 30°C) in a seed-harvester ant, Messor capensis. By using a strong-inference approach, we assessed these trait responses in the context of the beneficial acclimation hypothesis and its alternatives. Results showed that AMR was not affected by acclimation temperature, indicating limited phenotypic plasticity for this trait. By contrast, voluntary running speed was consistently higher when ants were acclimated at 25°C, providing support for the optimal acclimation hypothesis. COT was not affected by acclimation or treatment temperature. In addition, while AMR was re-peatable and similar across temperatures (r = 0.371-0.683), the repeatabilities of running speed (r = 0.191-0.826) and COT (r = 0.166-0.903) were highly variable, suggesting constraints on ant locomotion under certain thermal conditions. Minimum COT (298 J kg-1 m -1) in M. capensis was well within the range of values for other terrestrial arthropods of a similar body size. This study emphasizes the need to investigate a variety of performance traits rather than a single one and to expand the limited body of work on plasticity of insect locomotion. © 2010 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.	None	carbon dioxide; acclimation; adaptation; ant; body size; energetics; harvesting; locomotion; phenotypic plasticity; seed; acclimatization; animal; ant; article; energy metabolism; locomotion; metabolism; oxygen consumption; physiology; Acclimatization; Animals; Ants; Carbon Dioxide; Energy Metabolism; Locomotion; Oxygen Consumption; Arthropoda; Formicidae; Hexapoda; Messor capensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920520114	Evaluation of the inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, the antioxidant activity, and the polyphenolic content of citrus limetta peel extract	Padilla-Camberos E., Lazcano-Díaz E., Flores-Fernandez J.M., Owolabi M.S., Allen K., Villanueva-Rodríguez S.	2014	Scientific World Journal	2014	None	10.1155/2014/121760	Centro de Investigacion y Asistencia en Tecnologia y Diseno Del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Avenida Normalistas 800, Guadalajara, Mexico; Department of Chemistry, Lagos State University, PMB 0001, Lasu Post Office, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria; Lancaster Medical Scho	Padilla-Camberos, E., Centro de Investigacion y Asistencia en Tecnologia y Diseno Del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Avenida Normalistas 800, Guadalajara, Mexico; Lazcano-Díaz, E., Centro de Investigacion y Asistencia en Tecnologia y Diseno Del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Avenida Normalistas 800, Guadalajara, Mexico; Flores-Fernandez, J.M., Centro de Investigacion y Asistencia en Tecnologia y Diseno Del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Avenida Normalistas 800, Guadalajara, Mexico; Owolabi, M.S., Department of Chemistry, Lagos State University, PMB 0001, Lasu Post Office, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria; Allen, K., Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom; Villanueva-Rodríguez, S., Centro de Investigacion y Asistencia en Tecnologia y Diseno Del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Avenida Normalistas 800, Guadalajara, Mexico	Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most frequent causes of death in Mexico, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. One alternative strategy for this metabolic abnormality is inhibiting the enzymes responsible for the metabolism of carbohydrates. We evaluated whether the aqueous Citrus limetta peel extract could inhibit the metabolism of carbohydrates. We found that this extract inhibited primarily the enzyme α-amylase by 49.6% at a concentration of 20 mg/mL and to a lesser extent the enzyme α-glucosidase with an inhibition of 28.2% at the same concentration. This inhibition is likely due to the high polyphenol content in the Citrus limetta peel (19.1 mg GAE/g). Antioxidant activity of the Citrus limetta peel demonstrated dose-dependent antioxidant activity, varying from 6.5% at 1.125 mg/mL to 42.5% at 20 mg/mL. The study of these polyphenolic compounds having both antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activities may provide a new approach to the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. © 2014 Eduardo Padilla-Camberos et al.	None	alpha glucosidase; amylase; antioxidant; carbohydrate; citrus fruit extract; citrus limetta peel extract; hydrolase; polyphenol derivative; unclassified drug; amylase; antioxidant; plant extract; polyphenol; antioxidant activity; Article; carbohydrate metabolism; concentration response; enzyme activity; enzyme inhibition; hyperglycemia; non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; antagonists and inhibitors; chemistry; Citrus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; drug effects; human; hyperglycemia; metabolism; Mexico; pathology; Citrus limetta; alpha-Amylases; Antioxidants; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Citrus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Mexico; Plant Extracts; Polyphenols	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930181436	Impact of increased grid resolution on global marine biogeochemistry	McKiver W.J., Vichi M., Lovato T., Storto A., Masina S.	2015	Journal of Marine Systems	147	None	10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.10.003	Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Bologna, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Bologna, Italy; Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, South Africa	McKiver, W.J., Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Bologna, Italy; Vichi, M., Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Bologna, Italy, Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Lovato, T., Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Bologna, Italy; Storto, A., Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Bologna, Italy; Masina, S., Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Bologna, Italy, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Bologna, Italy	Here we examine the impact of mesoscale processes on the global marine biogeochemical system by performing simulations at two different resolutions, 2° (LO-res) and 1/4° resolution (HI-res) using the PELAGOS model. Both the LO-res and HI-res simulations are set up with the same forcings and biogeochemical parameterizations, while the initial conditions are provided by a spinup of the LO-res simulation. This allows us to perform a direct inter-comparison of the two cases with a view to understanding how the introduction of mesoscale features affects the biogeochemical system, specifically how differences in the resolved horizontal and vertical motions are reflected in the plankton biomass and the nutrient availability. While the global large-scale oceanographic features (fronts, gyres, etc.) are captured in both the LO-res and HI-res simulations, differences in the mesoscale flow structures, and in particular the resolved vertical physics in the HI-res simulation generate very different behavior in the biogeochemical system. These differences in the physics drive what is a spun-up biogeochemical system in the LO-res simulation into a new regime in the HI-res simulation with significant reduction of typical low resolution biases. Coastal features are well reproduced due to stronger Ekman upwelling at the continental margins and increased eddy kinetic energy in the Southern Ocean significantly reduces the winter overestimation. These biases in the LO-res model are a result of inadequate vertical dynamics. The enhancement of surface chlorophyll can be attributed to improvements in the winter mixed layer in some regions such as the North Atlantic, while it is overall the difference in the Ekman vertical velocity which improves surface production allowing to simulate more realistic deep chlorophyll maxima as well. While the HI-res is better than the LO-res at capturing the timing of the spring bloom in the Southern Ocean, it still overestimates the peak of the bloom, hinting at the need to better understand the driving forces of the seasonal cycle of sub-Antarctic plankton dynamics. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Chlorophyll; Global ocean; Marine plankton; Mesoscale processes; Nutricline	Biogeochemistry; Blooms (metal); Chlorophyll; Kinetic energy; Kinetics; Marine biology; Oceanography; Plankton; Different resolutions; Global ocean; Horizontal and vertical motions; Marine planktons; Mesoscale process; Nutricline; Nutrient availability; Winter mixed layers; Computer simulation; biogeochemistry; kinetic energy; marine ecosystem; mesoscale meteorology; nutrient availability; parameterization; plankton; simulation; Southern Ocean	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649787047	Evaluation of the content validity, internal consistency and stability of an instrument designed to assess the HIV/AIDS knowledge of University Students	Balogun J.A., Aniona T.C., Lukobo-Durrell M., Adefuye A., Amosun S., Frantz J., Yakut Y.	2010	Education for Health: Change in Learning and Practice	23	3	None	College of Health Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, United States; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey	Balogun, J.A., College of Health Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, United States; Aniona, T.C., College of Health Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, United States; Lukobo-Durrell, M., College of Health Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, United States; Adefuye, A., College of Health Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, United States; Amosun, S., Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Frantz, J., Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; Yakut, Y., Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey	Objective: This study evaluated the content validity, internal consistency and stability of a questionnaire designed to assess the HIV/AIDS knowledge of young adults. Methods: The questionnaire was administered on two occasions, within two week intervals, to 219 university students in the USA (n=66), Turkey (n=53) and South Africa (n=100). The psychometric instrument contained demographic information questions and 45 knowledge questions regarding the HIV virus, ways of transmitting it, symptoms of HIV/AIDS infection and methods of prevention. Factor analysis was conducted to assess construct validity; Cronbach alphas and Pearson's product moment correlation (r) were calculated to evaluate internal consistency and stability, respectively. Results: The 45 knowledge questions produced a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (measure of sampling adequacy) value of 0.8133 and loaded on three factors with an overall Cronbach's alpha of 0.861. The r for the individual knowledge question was greater than 0.50 and the overall knowledge score was "almost perfect" (0.91; p<.001). For participating students from the USA, Turkey and South Africa, their r for the overall knowledge score was 0.80 (p<.001), 0.83 (p<.001) and 0.93 (p<.001), respectively. Conclusions: Our findings revealed that the instrument is highly stable and internally consistent. The availability of this instrument may enhance HIV intervention studies internationally. © JA Balogun, TC Aniona, M Lukobo-Durrell, A Adefuye, S Amosun, J Frantz, Y Yakut, 2010.	Evaluation; HIV/AIDS; Knowledge; Psychometric instrument; University students; Young adults	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905466748	Formulation and in-vitro evaluation of deferasirox Oro-dispersible tablets	Aziz M.M., Mohammed S., Mohiuddin M.G., Razzaq M.A.	2014	International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences	6	7	None	College of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia; Shadan college of Pharmacy, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, India	Aziz, M.M., College of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia, Shadan college of Pharmacy, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, India; Mohammed, S., College of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia, Shadan college of Pharmacy, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, India; Mohiuddin, M.G., College of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia, Shadan college of Pharmacy, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, India; Razzaq, M.A., College of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia, Shadan college of Pharmacy, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, India	Objective: Deferasirox is a once daily, oral iron chelator approved for treatment of transfusional iron overload in adult and paediatric patients. In case of iron overdose or poisoning, immediate attention deferasirox is required in the systemic circulation to counter act the iron. Hence we feel that formulation of Oro-dispersible tablets of deferasirox is an ideal approach. Methods: FTIR showed that there is no interaction between drug and excipients. Mouth dissolving tablets of Deferasirox were prepared using crospovidone, croscarmellose and sodium starch glycolate as superdisintegrants by direct compression method. Dissolution of prepared Oro-dispersible tablets of Deferasirox was performed using USP type II apparatus in 6.8 pH phosphate buffer at 50 rpm with temperature being maintained at 37±0.5°C. Samples were withdrawn at 10, 15, 20, 30 and 45min time points and were analysed using UV- visible spectrophotometer at 245 nm. Results: The tablets prepared were evaluated for various parameters like weight variation, hardness, friability, in-vitro dispersion time, drug polymer interaction, drug content, water absorption ratio and wetting time and in-vitro release and were found to be within the limits. Conclusion: Formulation with crospovidone containing superdisintegrants has shown better in-vitro dissolution profile compared with other formulations. In conclusion, development of fast dissolving tablets using superdisintegrants gives rapid drug delivery and rapid onset of action.	Deferasirox; Oro-dispersible tablets; Superdisintegrants	crospovidone; deferasirox; starch glycolate sodium; article; drug polymer interaction; drug release; drug screening; drug solubility; infrared spectroscopy; tablet compression; tablet disintegration time; tablet formulation; tablet friability; tablet hardness; tablet property; tablet thickness; tablet weight; water absorption	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350188339	Impact of commonly used agrochemicals on bacterial diversity in cultivated soils	Ampofo J.A., Tetteh W., Bello M.	2009	Indian Journal of Microbiology	49	3	10.1007/s12088-009-0042-9	Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Water Research Institute, CSIR-WRI, P. O. Box M 32, Accra, Ghana	Ampofo, J.A., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Water Research Institute, CSIR-WRI, P. O. Box M 32, Accra, Ghana; Tetteh, W., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Water Research Institute, CSIR-WRI, P. O. Box M 32, Accra, Ghana; Bello, M., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Water Research Institute, CSIR-WRI, P. O. Box M 32, Accra, Ghana	The effects of three selected agrochemicals on bacterial diversity in cultivated soil have been studied. The selected agrochemicals are Cerox (an insecticide), Ceresate and Paraquat (both herbicides). The effect on bacterial population was studied by looking at the total heterotrophic bacteria presence and the effect of the agrochemicals on some selected soil microbes. The soil type used was loamy with pH of 6.0-7.0. The soil was placed in opaque pots and bambara bean (Vigna subterranean) seeds cultivated in them. The agrochemicals were applied two weeks after germination of seeds at concentrations based on manufacturer's recommendation. Plant growth was assessed by weekly measurement of plant height, foliage appearance and number of nodules formed after one month. The results indicated that the diversity index (Di) among the bacteria populations in untreated soil and that of Cerox-treated soils were high with mean diversity index above 0.95. Mean Di for Ceresate-treated soil was 0.88, and that for Paraquattreated soil was 0.85 indicating low bacterial populations in these treatment-type soils. The study also showed that application of the agrochemicals caused reduction in the number of total heterotrophic bacteria population sizes in the soil. Ceresate caused 82.50% reduction in bacteria number from a mean of 40 × 105 cfu g-1 of soil sample to 70 × 104 cfu g-1. Paraquat-treated soil showed 92.86% reduction, from a mean of 56 × 105 cfu g-1 to 40 × 104 cfu g-1. Application of Cerox to the soil did not have any remarkable reduction in bacterial population number. Total viable cell count studies using Congo red yeast-extract mannitol agar indicated reduction in the number of Rhizobium spp. after application of the agrochemicals. Mean number of Rhizobium population numbers per gram of soil was 180 × 104 for the untreated soil. Cerox-treated soil recorded mean number of 138 × 104 rhizobial cfu g-1 of soil, a 23.33% reduction. Ceresate- and Paraquat-treated soils recorded 20 × 104 and 12 × 104 cfu g-1 of soil, respectively, representing 88.89% and 93.33% reduction in Rhizobium population numbers. Correspondingly, the mean number of nodules per plant was 44 for the growth in untreated soil, 30 for the plant in the Cerox-treated soil, 8 for the plant in Paraquat-treated soil and 3 for the plant in Ceresate-treated soil. The study has confirmed detrimental effect of insecticide on bacterial populations in the soil. Total heterotrophic counts, rhizobial counts as well as the number of nodules of all samples taken from the chemically treated soils were all low as compared to values obtained for the untreated soil. However, the effect of the insecticide was minimal in all cases as compared to the effects of the herbicides on the soil fauna. Indiscriminate use of agrochemicals on farms can therefore affect soil flora and subsequently food production. © Association of Microbiologists of India 2009.	Agrochemicals; Diversity index; Rhizobium	Bacteria (microorganisms); Bambara; Rhizobium; Vigna subterranea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956968735	Effect of westwood (Cirina forda) larva meal on the laying performance and egg characteristics of laying hen in a tropical environment	Amao O.A., Oladunjoye I.O., Togun V.A., Olubajo K., Oyaniyi O.	2010	International Journal of Poultry Science	9	5	None	Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	Amao, O.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Oladunjoye, I.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Togun, V.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Olubajo, K., Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Oyaniyi, O., Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	Two hundred and fifty Isa-Brown point of lay chicken of 30 weeks of age were used to determine the effect of substituting westwood (Cirina forda) larva meal (VWVLM) for fish meal which is the most expensive feed ingredient in layer diet on laying performance of chicken. The birds were fed five diets in which VWVLM replaced 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% fish meal. Data collected were feed intake, weight change, egg production, feed efficiency and egg quality characteristics Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. Proximate analysis showed that VWVLM contained higher crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, dry matter and ash than fish meal. Feed intake and weight gain were not significantly (p<0.05) affected by diets. Hen day production of birds fed 0% VWVLM (77.86%), 25% WWLM (78.32%), 50% WWLM (77.82%) and 75% WWLM (77.37%) were similar but higher (p<0.05) than that of those fed 100% WWLM (73.39%). Birds fed 0, 25, 50 and 75% WWLM were also comparable in terms of egg weight and efficiency of feed utilization while those fed 100%WWLM were inferior with respect to these parameters. Egg shell thickness, yolk colour and Haugh unit were not significantly different among treatments. It was concluded that WWLM can replace up to 75% fish meal in the diet of laying chicken. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Egg quality; Fish meal; Laying hen; Performance; Westwood larva meal	Aves; Cirina forda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927545929	The effects of drought and shade on the performance, morphology and physiology of ghanaian tree species	Amissah L., Mohren G.M.J., Kyereh B., Poorter L.	2015	PLoS ONE	10	4	10.1371/journal.pone.0121004	Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana; Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Amissah, L., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana, Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Mohren, G.M.J., Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Kyereh, B., College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Poorter, L., Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands	In tropical forests light and water availability are the most important factors for seedling growth and survival but an increasing frequency of drought may affect tree regeneration. One central question is whether drought and shade have interactive effects on seedling growth and survival. Here, we present results of a greenhouse experiment, in which seedlings of 10 Ghanaian tree species were exposed to combinations of strong seasonal drought (continuous watering versus withholding water for nine weeks) and shade (5% irradiance versus 20% irradiance). We evaluated the effects of drought and shade on seedling survival and growth and plasticity of 11 underlying traits related to biomass allocation, morphology and physiology. Seedling survival under dry conditions was higher in shade than in high light, thus providing support for the "facilitation hypothesis" that shade enhances plant performance through improved microclimatic conditions, and rejecting the trade-off hypothesis that drought should have stronger impact in shade because of reduced root investment. Shaded plants had low biomass fraction in roots, in line with the trade-off hypothesis , but they compensated for this with a higher specific root length (i.e., root length per unit root mass), resulting in a similar root length per plant mass and, hence, similar water uptake capacity as high-light plants. The majority (60%) of traits studied responded independently to drought and shade, indicating that within species shade- and drought tolerances are not in trade-off, but largely uncoupled. When individual species responses were analysed, then for most of the traits only one to three species showed significant interactive effects between drought and shade. The uncoupled response of most species to drought and shade should provide ample opportunity for niche differentiation and species coexistence under a range of water and light conditions. Overall our greenhouse results suggest that, in the absence of root competition shaded tropical forest tree seedlings may be able to survive prolonged drought. © 2015 Amissah et al.	None	Albizia zygia; Aningeria robusta; Antiaris toxicaria; Article; controlled study; drought; drought stress; drought tolerance; Entandrophragma angolense; environmental impact assessment; Ghanaian; greenhouse effect; growth rate; kapok; leaf area; leaf water potential; microclimate; morphological trait; nonhuman; Pericopsis elata; Piptadeniastrum africanum; plant growth; plant parameters; plant physiology; plant response; plant structures; root length; seasonal variation; shade; species coexistence; species differentiation; stem length; Sterculia rhinopetala; stomatal conductance; Strombosia pustulata; survival prediction; survival rate; tree; Turraeanthus africanus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927730810	Evaluation of Irrigated Bird’s Eye Chilli Pepper Adaptability Under Tropical Conditions	Inusah B.I.Y., Dogbe W., Abudulai M., Maxwell Prince E., Haruna M., Mawunya M.	2015	International Journal of Vegetable Science	21	2	10.1080/19315260.2013.840712	Council for Scientific and Industrial Research–Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (CSIR-SARI), Nyankpala, Tamale, Ghana	Inusah, B.I.Y., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research–Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (CSIR-SARI), Nyankpala, Tamale, Ghana; Dogbe, W., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research–Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (CSIR-SARI), Nyankpala, Tamale, Ghana; Abudulai, M., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research–Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (CSIR-SARI), Nyankpala, Tamale, Ghana; Maxwell Prince, E., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research–Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (CSIR-SARI), Nyankpala, Tamale, Ghana; Haruna, M., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research–Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (CSIR-SARI), Nyankpala, Tamale, Ghana; Mawunya, M., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research–Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (CSIR-SARI), Nyankpala, Tamale, Ghana	Production of Bird’s eye chillies (Capsicum annuum L) under tropical conditions presents a unique opportunity for small farmers to improve income. A study in 2010 and 2011 evaluated the performance of irrigated, improved Bird’s eye chilli (BEC), cvs. Demon, UHP281 70, UHP226 94, and UHP296 92, with ‘Shito Adope’, for growth, adaptability, yield, and marketability. The cultivars are categorized as being early (‘UHP281 70’ and ‘Shito Adope’), medium (‘UHP226 94’ and ‘Demon’), and late maturing (‘UHP296 92’). The UHP series had the best yield (average 12.47 Mt·ha−1). The best choice for crop performance and dried fruit quality/brightness and perceived marketability was ‘UHP281 70’ followed by ‘UHP226 94’. Economic analysis indicated that ‘UHP296 92’ had the highest total variable cost. It also had the highest marginal rate of returns (217%). It is possible to increase options for small-, medium-, and large-scale chilli pepper farmers regarding choice of superior Bird’s eye chilli peppers. © , Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	Adaptability; Capsicum annuum; Ghana; Price; Tropical conditions	None	None
WoS	WOS:000345430400001	Toward utilization of data for program management and evaluation: quality assessment of five years of health management information system data in Rwanda	Amoroso, Cheryl,Basinga, Paulin,Binagwaho, Agnes,Gaju, Eric,Gashayija, Modeste,Hedt-Gauthier, Bethany,Hirschhorn, Lisa R.,Iyer, Hari S.,Muhire, Andrew,Nisingizwe, Marie Paul,Rubyutsa, Eric,Wilson, Randy	2014	GLOBAL HEALTH ACTION	7	None	10.3402/gha.v7.25829	Dartmouth College, Gates Foundation, Harvard University, University of Rwanda, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Minist Hlth, Partners In Hlth, Partners In Hlth Inshuti Mu Buzima	"Basinga, Paulin: Gates Foundation",	Background: Health data can be useful for effective service delivery, decision making, and evaluating existing programs in order to maintain high quality of healthcare. Studies have shown variability in data quality from national health management information systems (HMISs) in sub-Saharan Africa which threatens utility of these data as a tool to improve health systems. The purpose of this study is to assess the quality of Rwanda's HMIS data over a 5-year period. Methods: The World Health Organization (WHO) data quality report card framework was used to assess the quality of HMIS data captured from 2008 to 2012 and is a census of all 495 publicly funded health facilities in Rwanda. Factors assessed included completeness and internal consistency of 10 indicators selected based on WHO recommendations and priority areas for the Rwanda national health sector. Completeness was measured as percentage of non-missing reports. Consistency was measured as the absence of extreme outliers, internal consistency between related indicators, and consistency of indicators over time. These assessments were done at the district and national level. Results: Nationally, the average monthly district reporting completeness rate was 98% across 10 key indicators from 2008 to 2012. Completeness of indicator data increased over time: 2008, 88%; 2009, 91%; 2010, 89%; 2011, 90%; and 2012, 95% (p&lt;B0.0001). Comparing 2011 and 2012 health events to the mean of the three preceding years, service output increased from 3% (2011) to 9% (2012). Eighty-three percent of districts reported ratios between related indicators (ANC/DTP1, DTP1/DTP3) consistent with HMIS national ratios. Conclusion and policy implications: Our findings suggest that HMIS data quality in Rwanda has been improving over time. We recommend maintaining these assessments to identify remaining gaps in data quality and that results are shared publicly to support increased use of HMIS data.	"DATA QUALITY","data use","global health","health management information system","QUALITY IMPROVEMENT",RWANDA,CHALLENGES,DISTRICT,"IMMUNIZATION DATA",IMPLEMENTATION,INNOVATIONS,MALAWI,MOZAMBIQUE,SOUTH-AFRICA	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956753224	Research and Reflection: Potential Impact on the Professional Development of Undergraduate Occupational Therapy Students	du Toit S.H.J., Wilkinson A.C.	2010	Systemic Practice and Action Research	23	5	10.1007/s11213-010-9165-5	Department Occupational Therapy (G44), School for Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Centre for Higher Education Studies and Development, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	du Toit, S.H.J., Department Occupational Therapy (G44), School for Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Wilkinson, A.C., Centre for Higher Education Studies and Development, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	In occupational therapy education in South Africa, community service (CS) focuses learning opportunities during fieldwork placements. CS therefore enabled the researcher to utilise successive small scale research projects to guide learning of students during fieldwork while simultaneously developing the occupational therapy service at a residential care facility. This community setting provided a powerful environment through which research, in combination with opportunities for reflection, contributed to nurturing skills needed by these future health professionals. A technical action research (AR) approach incorporated AR cycles and opportunities for structured reflection. Therefore situations were created for the students to embrace experiential learning. Experiential learning in the form of anticipatory reflection, reflection-in-action, reflection on reflection and retrospective reflection impacted on the quality of the students' work. Besides encouraging unique leaning opportunities for students when engaging in research during their fieldwork placement, engagement in AR cycles simultaneously improved service delivery to residents in the facility. Key benefits of this investigation were that fieldwork education utilising AR cycles within a CS situation promoted students to identify voids in their theoretical background as well as practice skills; to apply reflective practice that could contribute to their personal and professional development; and to utilize learning opportunities optimally. Despite positive gains showed by this study, the role of power relations between the researcher as fieldwork educator and the students prohibited the AR cycles from being more emancipatory in nature and should be addressed in follow-up studies. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Action research cycle approach; Community service; Experiential learning; Occupational therapy undergraduate training; Small scale research projects	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900388272	Impact of accounting skills on entrepreneurship education for self-reliance and sustainable development: A study of selected small scale business in Owerri municipal Imo state	Nwaigburu K.O., Eneogwe V.N.	2013	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	4	16 SPEC.ISSUE	10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n16p81	Department Of Accountancy, Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Eduction, Owerri-Imo State, Nigeria; Department Of Business Education, National Open University of Nigeria, Lagos, Nigeria	Nwaigburu, K.O., Department Of Accountancy, Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Eduction, Owerri-Imo State, Nigeria; Eneogwe, V.N., Department Of Business Education, National Open University of Nigeria, Lagos, Nigeria	Accounting skill was found to be contributory to entrepreneurial performance and as such entrepreneurs are advised to embark on capacity building in accounting skill in the area of financial management and record keeping. Entrepreneurs are agents and drivers of development in most economies of the world including Nigeria. The entrepreneur establishes his presence through the formation of a small and medium scale enterprise (SME). Accounting on its part, is of great importance to the development of small and medium scale enterprises. Arguably, accounting is the core academic discipline that aids the entrepreneurial drive given the popular opinion that is the language of business. The objectives of this study is to examine the role of accounting on entrepreneurship education for self- reliance and sustainable development in Nigeria. The study considered the accounting profession and the major role it plays in entrepreneurship development. It is the submission of the authors that entrepreneurs with basic accounting knowledge and entrepreneurial skills stand better chances of becoming self- reliant and attaining business success. The paper recommends among other things that government should remove those obstacles that militate against entrepreneurial development in Nigeria.	Accounting skill; Entrepreneurship education; Self - Reliance and sustainability; Small-scale business	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907352472	Insight into egg weight and its impact on chick hatch-weight, hatchability and subsequent growth indices in chickens- A review	Mbajiorgu C.A., Ramaphala N.O.	2014	Indian Journal of Animal Research	48	3	10.5958/j.0976-0555.48.3.044	Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida 1710, Johannesburg, South Africa	Mbajiorgu, C.A., Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida 1710, Johannesburg, South Africa; Ramaphala, N.O., Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida 1710, Johannesburg, South Africa	This paper reviews the influence of egg weight on chick-hatch weight, hatchability potentials and subsequent growth indices in chickens. Though the spectrum of factors that affect chick-hatchweight, hatchability potentials and subsequent growth indices in chickens is broad, however, increased interest in this concept is attributed to conflicting evidence in the literature indicating that performance in chickens in terms of chick-hatch weight, hatchability and subsequent growth indices in chickens may be closely related to the weight of the eggs and not by the hatcheries ability to effectively hatch eggs per se. This conflicting evidence in effect, creates a questionable atmosphere for chicken farmers as they are not appropriately guided on the influence of egg weight on chick-hatch weight, hatchability and subsequent growth indices in chicken. Often, the negative effect of this lack of proper guidance manifests itself in the farmer's inability to maintain a uniform chick-hatch weight and hatchability values in their poultry farms especially in rural farming communities. This becomes an important factor creating variability at slaughter age. However, based on re-evaluation of numerous research data, it is concluded that hatchability, post-hatch performance in terms of chick-hatch weight and growth parameters in chickens is influenced by egg weight when all other non-genetic factors are kept under control. This influence is breed or strain specific because chick-hatch weight and hatchability are interrelated heritable traits that vary among breeds, variety or individuals in a breed or variety. Thus, because of the important implications of these differences, sorting of eggs by weight prior to incubation might be advantageous in optimizing productivity of any chicken breed and in particular, help to minimize the variability at slaughtering age often observed in many poultry farms.	Egg weight; Past-hatch performance; Poultry hatchability	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947574256	Public health impact after the introduction of PsA-TT: The first 4 years	Diomandé F.V.K., Djingarey M.H., Daugla D.M., Novak R.T., Kristiansen P.A., Collard J.-M., Gamougam K., Kandolo D., Mbakuliyemo N., Mayer L., Stuart J., Clark T., Tevi-Benissan C., Perea W.A., Preziosi M.-P., La Force F.M., Caugant D., Messonnier N., Walk	2015	Clinical Infectious Diseases	61	None	10.1093/cid/civ499	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, United States; Inter-country Support Team for West Africa, World Health Organization, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Centre de Support en Santé International, N'Djamena, Chad; World	Diomandé, F.V.K., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, United States, Inter-country Support Team for West Africa, World Health Organization, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Djingarey, M.H., Inter-country Support Team for West Africa, World Health Organization, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Daugla, D.M., Centre de Support en Santé International, N'Djamena, Chad; Novak, R.T., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, United States; Kristiansen, P.A., World Health Organization, Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Meningococci, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Collard, J.-M., Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire, Niamey, Nigeria; Gamougam, K., Centre de Support en Santé International, N'Djamena, Chad; Kandolo, D., Inter-country Support Team for West Africa, World Health Organization, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Mbakuliyemo, N., Inter-country Support Team for West Africa, World Health Organization, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Mayer, L., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, United States; Stuart, J., Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom; Clark, T., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, United States; Tevi-Benissan, C., World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo; Perea, W.A., Department of Pandemic and Epidemic Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Preziosi, M.-P., Meningitis Vaccine Project, PATH, Ferney-Voltaire, France, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; La Force, F.M., Serum Institute of India, Ltd., Pune, India; Caugant, D., Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire, Niamey, Nigeria; Messonnier, N., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, United States; Walker, O., Inter-country Support Team for West Africa, World Health Organization, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Greenwood, B., World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo	Background. During the first introduction of a group A meningococcal vaccine (PsA-TT) in 2010-2011 and its rollout from 2011 to 2013, >150 million eligible people, representing 12 hyperendemic meningitis countries, have been vaccinated. Methods. The new vaccine effectiveness evaluation framework was established by the World Health Organization and partners. Meningitis case-based surveillance was strengthened in PsA-TT first-introducer countries, and several evaluation studies were conducted to estimate the vaccination coverage and to measure the impact of vaccine introduction on meningococcal carriage and disease incidence. Results. PsA-TT implementation achieved high vaccination coverage, and results from studies conducted showed significant decrease of disease incidence as well as significant reduction of oropharyngeal carriage of group A meningococci in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, demonstrating the vaccine's ability to generate herd protection and prevent group A epidemics. Conclusions. Lessons learned from this experience provide useful insights in how to guide and better prepare for future new vaccine introductions in resource-limited settings. © 2015 World Health Organization; licensee Oxford Journals.	Africa meningitis belt; disease incidence; meningococcal group A; PsA-TT; vaccine evaluation framework	group A meningococcal conjugate vaccine; Meningococcus vaccine; unclassified drug; Article; bacterium carrier; clinical effectiveness; cost benefit analysis; disease transmission; drug efficacy; epidemic meningitis; evaluation study; group A meningococcus; health impact assessment; health survey; human; immunity; incidence; infection prevention; Neisseria meningitidis; oropharynx; priority journal; public health; vaccination; world health organization	None
None	None	Standardizing operational vector sampling techniques for measuring malaria transmission intensity: Evaluation of six mosquito collection methods in western Kenya	Wong J., Bayoh N., Olang G., Killeen G.F., Hamel M.J., Vulule J.M., Gimnig J.E.	2013	Malaria Journal	12	1	10.1186/1475-2875-12-143	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Atlanta, GA, United States; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Vector Group, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Ifakara Health Institute, Environmental Sciences Thematic Group, Ifakara, Tanzania	Wong, J., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Atlanta, GA, United States; Bayoh, N., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Atlanta, GA, United States, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya; Olang, G., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Atlanta, GA, United States, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya; Killeen, G.F., Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Vector Group, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Ifakara Health Institute, Environmental Sciences Thematic Group, Ifakara, Tanzania; Hamel, M.J., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Atlanta, GA, United States, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya; Vulule, J.M., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya; Gimnig, J.E., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Atlanta, GA, United States	Background: Operational vector sampling methods lack standardization, making quantitative comparisons of malaria transmission across different settings difficult. Human landing catch (HLC) is considered the research gold standard for measuring human-mosquito contact, but is unsuitable for large-scale sampling. This study assessed mosquito catch rates of CDC light trap (CDC-LT), Ifakara tent trap (ITT), window exit trap (WET), pot resting trap (PRT), and box resting trap (BRT) relative to HLC in western Kenya to 1) identify appropriate methods for operational sampling in this region, and 2) contribute to a larger, overarching project comparing standardized evaluations of vector trapping methods across multiple countries. Methods. Mosquitoes were collected from June to July 2009 in four districts: Rarieda, Kisumu West, Nyando, and Rachuonyo. In each district, all trapping methods were rotated 10 times through three houses in a 3 × 3 Latin Square design. Anophelines were identified by morphology and females classified as fed or non-fed. Anopheles gambiae s.l. were further identified as Anopheles gambiae s.s. or Anopheles arabiensis by PCR. Relative catch rates were estimated by negative binomial regression. Results: When data were pooled across all four districts, catch rates (relative to HLC indoor) for An. gambiae s.l (95.6% An. arabiensis, 4.4% An. gambiae s.s) were high for HLC outdoor (RR = 1.01), CDC-LT (RR = 1.18), and ITT (RR = 1.39); moderate for WET (RR = 0.52) and PRT outdoor (RR = 0.32); and low for all remaining types of resting traps (PRT indoor, BRT indoor, and BRT outdoor; RR < 0.08 for all). For Anopheles funestus, relative catch rates were high for ITT (RR = 1.21); moderate for HLC outdoor (RR = 0.47), CDC-LT (RR = 0.69), and WET (RR = 0.49); and low for all resting traps (RR < 0.02 for all). At finer geographic scales, however, efficacy of each trap type varied from district to district. Conclusions: ITT, CDC-LT, and WET appear to be effective methods for large-scale vector sampling in western Kenya. Ultimately, choice of collection method for operational surveillance should be driven by trap efficacy and scalability, rather than fine-scale precision with respect to HLC. When compared with recent, similar trap evaluations in Tanzania and Zambia, these data suggest that traps which actively lure host-seeking females will be most useful for surveillance in the face of declining vector densities. © 2013 Wong et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles funestus; Anopheles gambiae; CDC light trap; Human biting rate; Human landing catch; Ifakara tent trap; Mosquito sampling; Window exit trap	adult; Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles funestus; Anopheles gambiae; article; box resting trap; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention miniature light trap; disease transmission; female; human; human landing catch; Ifakara tent trap; Kenya; malaria; male; morphology; nonhuman; parasite vector; polymerase chain reaction; pot resting trap; rural area; sampling; standardization; window exit trap; Adult; Animals; Child, Preschool; Culicidae; Disease Vectors; Entomology; Female; Humans; Infant; Kenya; Malaria; Male; Population Density	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-72849129788	How much could rotavirus vaccines reduce diarrhea-associated mortality in northern Ghana? A model to assess impact	Arvay M.L., Curns A.T., Terp S., Armah G., Wontuo P., Parashar U.D., Binka F., Glass R.I., Widdowson M.-A.	2009	Journal of Infectious Diseases	200	None	10.1086/605062	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, United States; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Foundation, Atlanta, GA, United States; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Navrongo Health Research Center, Navrongo, Ghana	Arvay, M.L., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, United States; Curns, A.T., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, United States; Terp, S., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Foundation, Atlanta, GA, United States; Armah, G., Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Wontuo, P., Navrongo Health Research Center, Navrongo, Ghana; Parashar, U.D., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, United States; Binka, F., School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Glass, R.I., Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Widdowson, M.-A., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, United States	Background. Effective rotavirus vaccines could substantially reduce the ∼500,000 deaths due to rotavirus disease per year worldwide, although the impact will depend on vaccine effectiveness, timing of administration, and coverage. We modeled vaccine impact on rotavirus-associated mortality in rural Ghana. Methods. All deaths due to acute diarrhea among children during 1998-2004 in the Kassena-Nankana District of Ghana were identified, and the number of deaths due to rotavirus disease was estimated using hospital laboratory surveillance data. Assuming rotavirus vaccine would be included in the current Expanded Program on Immunization schedule, we estimated the reduction in rotavirus-associated mortality with use of the current coverage and timing of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine administration and various age-restricted schedules. Results. Of the 381 deaths due to diarrhea, 131 (34%) were estimated to be caused by rotavirus infection. On the basis of current diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine coverage and timing, a 90% efficacious 3-dose rotavirus vaccine would prevent 70% of deaths due to rotavirus infection if administered without age restrictions, 53% if only initiated among children <12 weeks of age, and 52% if the course also was completed by 32 weeks of age. Conclusions. Rotavirus vaccine has the potential to substantially reduce rotavirus-associated mortality in rural Ghana. Although timely vaccination should be encouraged, extending the current age recommendation for initiation of rotavirus vaccination could increase the coverage and impact of vaccination. © 2009 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.	None	diphtheria vaccine; pertussis vaccine; Rotavirus vaccine; tetanus toxoid; age distribution; article; controlled study; diarrhea; diphtheria; disease surveillance; drug efficacy; Ghana; mortality; pertussis; priority journal; rural area; statistical model; tetanus; treatment indication; vaccination; virus infection; Diarrhea; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine; Ghana; Humans; Infant; Rotavirus Infections; Rotavirus Vaccines; Vaccination	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-72849143856	Rotavirus disease burden and impact and cost- effectiveness of a rotavirus vaccination program in Kenya	Tate J.E., Rheingans R.D., OReilly C.E., Obonyo B., Burton D.C., Tornheim J.A., Jaron P., Ochieng B., Kerin T., Calhoun L., Hame M., Laserson K., Breiman R.F., Feikin D.R., Mintz E.D., Widdowson M.-A.	2009	Journal of Infectious Diseases	200	SUPPL. 1	10.1086/605058	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States; Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kisumu, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya	Tate, J.E., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States; Rheingans, R.D., Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; OReilly, C.E., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States; Obonyo, B., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kisumu, Kenya; Burton, D.C., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States; Tornheim, J.A., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kisumu, Kenya; Jaron, P., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kisumu, Kenya; Ochieng, B., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kisumu, Kenya; Kerin, T., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States; Calhoun, L., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States; Hame, M., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kisumu, Kenya; Laserson, K., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kisumu, Kenya; Breiman, R.F., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Feikin, D.R., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kisumu, Kenya; Mintz, E.D., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kisumu, Kenya; Widdowson, M.-A., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States	Background. The projected impact and cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination are important for supporting rotavirus vaccine introduction in Africa, where limited health intervention funds are available. Methods. Hospital records, health utilization surveys, verbal autopsy data, and surveillance data on diarrheal disease were used to determine rotavirus-specific rates of hospitalization, clinic visits, and deaths due to diarrhea among children <5 years of age in Nyanza Province, Kenya. Rates were extrapolated nationally with use of provincespecific data on diarrheal illness. Direct medical costs were estimated using record review and World Health Organization estimates. Household costs were collected through parental interviews. The impact of vaccination on health burden and on the cost-effectiveness per disability-adjusted life-year and lives saved were calculated. Results. Annually in Kenya, rotavirus infection causes 19% of hospitalizations and 16% of clinic visits for diarrhea among children <5 years of age and causes 4471 deaths, 8781 hospitalizations, and 1,443,883 clinic visits. Nationally, rotavirus disease costs the health care system $10.8 million annually. Routine vaccination with a 2- dose rotavirus vaccination series would avert 2467 deaths (55%), 5724 hospitalizations (65%), and 852,589 clinic visits (59%) and would save 58 disability-adjusted life-years per 1000 children annually. At $3 per series, a program would cost $2.1 million in medical costs annually; the break-even price is $2.07 per series. Conclusions. A rotavirus vaccination program would reduce the substantial burden of rotavirus disease and the economic burden in Kenya. © 2009 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.	None	diphtheria pertussis tetanus vaccine; Rotavirus vaccine; age distribution; article; cause of death; child; child hospitalization; childhood mortality; cost benefit analysis; cost effectiveness analysis; cost of illness; diarrhea; disability; disease surveillance; frequency analysis; health care cost; health care utilization; health service; health survey; hospital charge; hospital cost; household; human; Human rotavirus; infant; interview; Kenya; major clinical study; medical record; medical record review; outpatient department; parent; preschool child; priority journal; vaccination; virus infection; Cost of Illness; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Health Care Costs; Hospitalization; Humans; Immunization Programs; Kenya; Rotavirus Infections; Rotavirus Vaccines; Vaccination; World Health Organization	None
None	None	Impact of measles outbreak response vaccination campaign in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Goodson J.L., Wiesen E., Perry R.T., Mach O., Kitambi M., Kibona M., Luman E.T., Cairns K.L.	2009	Vaccine	27	42	10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.07.057	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States; World Health Organization, Africa Regional Office, East and South Inter-country Support Team, Zimbabwe; Expanded Programme on Immunization, Ministry of Health and Social, Welfare, Tanzania; Expanded Programme on Immunization, World Health Organization, Tanzania	Goodson, J.L., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States; Wiesen, E., World Health Organization, Africa Regional Office, East and South Inter-country Support Team, Zimbabwe; Perry, R.T., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States; Mach, O., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States; Kitambi, M., Expanded Programme on Immunization, Ministry of Health and Social, Welfare, Tanzania; Kibona, M., Expanded Programme on Immunization, World Health Organization, Tanzania; Luman, E.T., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States; Cairns, K.L., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States	We assessed the impact of a measles outbreak response vaccination campaign (ORV) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Age-specific incidence rates were calculated before and after the ORV. Incidence rate ratios for the two time periods were compared and used to estimate expected cases and deaths prevented by ORV. The ratio of measles incidence rates in the age groups targeted and not targeted by ORV decreased from 5.8 prior to ORV to 1.8 (p < 0.0001) after; 506 measles cases and 18 measles deaths were likely averted. These results support the need for revised recommendations concerning ORV in general settings in Africa.	Immunization; Measles; Outbreak; Vaccination	measles vaccine; adolescent; adult; age distribution; article; child; controlled study; epidemic; female; health program; health survey; human; incidence; infant; major clinical study; male; measles; measles vaccination; outbreak response vaccination; outcome assessment; preschool child; priority journal; school child; Tanzania; Adolescent; Age Distribution; Child; Child, Preschool; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Humans; Immunization Programs; Incidence; Infant; Male; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Models, Biological; Tanzania; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745535966	Barriers to and facilitators for female participation in an HIV prevention project in Rural Ethiopia: Findings from a qualitative evaluation	Cummings B., Mengistu M., Negash W., Bekele A., Ghile T.	2006	Culture, Health and Sexuality	8	3	10.1080/13691050600765103	Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States; CARE International, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Cummings, B., Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States; Mengistu, M., CARE International, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Negash, W., CARE International, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Bekele, A., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ghile, T., CARE International, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Ethiopian women face complex social and cultural factors that influence their probability of HIV infection. HIV prevention efforts among this population are particularly important; however, female participation in a rural, HIV prevention project has been minimal. This programme evaluation investigated barriers and facilitators influencing women's ability to participate in project activities. Evaluation data were collected through nine focus groups and 20 semi-structured interviews, which were conducted between October and November 2003. The main themes found to negatively influence women's decisions to participate in this HIV prevention activity included: domestic workloads, lack of education and awareness, and cultural norms that have discouraged discussions about HIV and sexuality. Domestic chores, which are labour intensive and limit time and energy, were found to be the primary barrier to participation among women. Respondents also indicated that female illiteracy and limited educational attainment occur within a social context that traditionally supports education for men but discourages formal knowledge among women, including HIV prevention. Lack of education and inability to freely discuss sexuality denies women access to health information, potentially exposing women to adverse consequences such as HIV infection. Identified facilitators of participation included a radio serial drama and the one female peer educator associated with the project. © 2006 Taylor & Francis.	Gender; HIV prevention; Intervention; Participation; Women	adolescent; adult; article; awareness; controlled study; cultural anthropology; data analysis; Ethiopia; female; health care access; health program; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; interpersonal communication; major clinical study; male; medical information; motivation; patient attitude; patient decision making; preventive health service; priority journal; qualitative analysis; school child; semi structured interview; sexuality; social behavior; social belief; social status; social support; workload; Adolescent; Adult; Cultural Characteristics; Ethiopia; Female; Focus Groups; Health Education; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health Services Accessibility; HIV Infections; Humans; Middle Aged; Narration; Program Evaluation; Questionnaires; Rural Population; Women's Health; Women's Rights	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84869847802	Impact of redshift information on cosmological applications with next-generation radio surveys	Camera S., Santos M.G., Bacon D.J., Jarvis M.J., Mcalpine K., Norris R.P., Raccanelli A., Röttgering H.	2012	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society	427	3	10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.22073.x	CENTRA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Dennis Sciama Building, Portsmouth, P01 3FX, United Kingdom; Centre for Astrophysics Research, STRI, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, United Kingdom; Department of Physics, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6139, South Africa; CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, Australia Telescope National Facility, PO Box 76, NSW 1710 Epping, Australia; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, United States; California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, United States; Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, Leiden NL-2300 RA, Netherlands	Camera, S., CENTRA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Santos, M.G., CENTRA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Bacon, D.J., Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Dennis Sciama Building, Portsmouth, P01 3FX, United Kingdom; Jarvis, M.J., Centre for Astrophysics Research, STRI, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, United Kingdom, Department of Physics, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Mcalpine, K., Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6139, South Africa; Norris, R.P., CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, Australia Telescope National Facility, PO Box 76, NSW 1710 Epping, Australia; Raccanelli, A., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, United States, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, United States; Röttgering, H., Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, Leiden NL-2300 RA, Netherlands	In this paper, we explore how the forthcoming generation of large-scale radio continuum surveys, with the inclusion of some degree of redshift information, can constrain cosmological parameters. By cross-matching these radio surveys with shallow optical to near-infrared surveys, we can essentially separate the source distribution into a low- and a high-redshift sample, thus providing a constraint on the evolution of cosmological parameters such as those related to dark energy. We examine two radio surveys, the Evolutionary Map of the Universe (EMU) and the Westerbork Observations of the Deep APERTIF Northern sky (WODAN). A crucial advantage is their combined potential to provide a deep, full-sky survey. The surveys used for the cross-identifications are SkyMapper and Sloan Digital Sky Survey, for the southern and northern skies, respectively. We concentrate on the galaxy clustering angular power spectrum as our benchmark observable, and find that the possibility of including such low-redshift information yields major improvements in the determination of cosmological parameters. With this approach, and provided a good knowledge of the galaxy bias evolution, we are able to put strict constraints on the dark energy parameters, i.e. w 0 = -0.9 ± 0.041 and w a = -0.24 ± 0.13, with Type Ia supernovae and cosmic microwave background priors (with a one-parameter bias in this case); this corresponds to a Figure of Merit (FoM) &gt;600, which is twice better than what is obtained by using only the cross-identified sources and greater than four time better than the case without any redshift information at all. © 2012 The Authors Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society © 2012 RAS.	Cosmological parameters; Cosmology: observations; Large-scale structure of universe; Radio continuum: galaxies	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873440926	Impact of financial development on manufacturing output: The Nigerian evidence	Ekor M., Adeniyi O.	2012	Economics Bulletin	32	3	None	Centre for the Study of the Economies of Africa (CSEA), South Africa	Ekor, M., Centre for the Study of the Economies of Africa (CSEA), South Africa; Adeniyi, O., Centre for the Study of the Economies of Africa (CSEA), South Africa	This study examined the influence of financial deepening on manufacturing output in Nigeria, Using the vector autoregression (VAR) based Johansen cointegration technique and an eventual least squares (OLS) estimator on annual data spanning 1970 to 2010. we find insignificant coefficients for credit to the manufacturing sector, banking efficiency and the non-oil trade balance. This suggests a fundamental disconnect between the real and financial sectors of the Nigerian economy. Policymakers should therefore innovate with productivity enhancing reforms which are better tailored to the needs of the manufacturing sector. This should work to boost growth prospects for the aggregate economy.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904331281	Impact of Real Exchange Rate on Trade Balance in Nigeria	Igue N.N., Ogunleye T.S.	2014	African Development Review	26	2	10.1111/1467-8268.12086	Central Bank of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria	Igue, N.N., Central Bank of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria; Ogunleye, T.S., Central Bank of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria	The study investigated whether the depreciation of exchange rate has a favourable impact on trade balance in Nigeria, based on the Marshall-Lerner (ML) condition. The Johansen method of cointegration and vector error correction methodology (VECM) was employed to investigate the existence of a long-run relationship between trade balance and the specified set of independent variables. The results confirm the satisfaction of the Marshall-Lerner condition in Nigeria, implying that depreciation of the exchange rate has a positive effect on trade balance in the long run. The study also established that a one per cent depreciation in the exchange rate would improve trade balance by 1.16 per cent. In the light of these findings, the study recommends a gradual depreciation of the exchange rate, which should be accompanied with export policy that encourages domestic production of non-oil products for exports. © 2014 African Development Bank.	None	balance of trade; cointegration analysis; error correction; export; real exchange rate; Nigeria	None
WoS	WOS:000304490600006	A longitudinal evaluation of religiosity and psychosocial determinants of suicidal behaviors among a population-based sample in the United States	Agbanu, Harry L. K.,Agbanu, Samuel Kwami,Diedhiou, Abdoulaye,Nkansah-Amankra, Stephen,Opoku-Adomako, Nana Serwaa,Twumasi-Ankrah, Philip	2012	JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS	139	1	10.1016/j.jad.2011.12.027	Central Michigan University, University of Ghana, University of Kansas, University of Kansas Medical Center, University of South Carolina, University of South Carolina Columbia, University of South Carolina System, IntraHlth Int, Somerset Christian Coll	"Agbanu, Harry L. K.: University of Ghana","Nkansah-Amankra, Stephen: Central Michigan University","Opoku-Adomako, Nana Serwaa: Central Michigan University","Twumasi-Ankrah, Philip: University of Kansas","Twumasi-Ankrah, Philip: University of Kansas Medical Center",	Background: Relationships among religiosity and other psychosocial factors in determining suicidal behaviors in adolescence and in emerging adulthood have been inconclusive. We sought to investigate prospective relationships among religiosity, psychosocial factors and suicidal behaviors using a nationally representative sample of adolescents emerging into adulthood. Method: Analysis was based on 9412 respondents from four waves of National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. A Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) procedure was used to fit a series of models on the response variable (suicidal behaviors) and a set of psychosocial and religiosity predictors taking into account the correlated structure of the datasets. Results: Analyses showed that adolescent suicidality and religious activity participation showed significant declines over time. Using multinomial logistic regression we found that females showed statistically significant risks of suicidal behaviors, but this effect declined in adulthood. In adjusted models, baseline attendance of a church weekly was associated with 42% reduction (95% Confidence Interval: 0.35-0.98) of suicide ideation in Wave III. Across all waves, low support from fathers (compared with mothers) consistently explained variability in suicidal behaviors among genders emerging into adulthood. Limitations: Accurate measurement of religiosity is psychometrically challenging. Conclusions: The findings of the study indicate that religious activity participation is associated with reduced suicidal behaviors among adolescents but this effect declines during emerging adulthood. Psychosocial supports particularly from fathers' have an enduring impact on reduced suicidal behaviors among adolescents and emerging adults. Prevention, identification and evaluation of disorders of suicidality need a careful assessment of underlying mental pain (psyache) to reduce the likelihood of aggravated suicide. Published by Elsevier B.V.	"Private religiosity","Public religiosity",SPIRITUALITY,"SUICIDAL BEHAVIORS","AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS",DEPRESSION,DEVELOPMENTAL-TRENDS,GENDER-DIFFERENCES,INVOLVEMENT,MENTAL-HEALTH,"OLDER DUTCH CITIZENS",SELF-ESTEEM,SPIRITUALITY,"YOUNG ADULTHOOD"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33947239009	Economic impact of Turnip mosaic virus, Cauliflower mosaic virus and Beet mosaic virus in three Kenyan vegetables	Spence N.J., Phiri N.A., Hughes S.L., Mwaniki A., Simons S., Oduor G., Chacha D., Kuria A., Ndirangu S., Kibata G.N., Marris G.C.	2007	Plant Pathology	56	2	10.1111/j.1365-3059.2006.01498.x	Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom; CAB International-Africa Regional Centre, P O Box 633-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Agriculture, Reading University, P O Box 236, Reading, RG6 6AT, United Kingdom; Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) Katumani, P O Box 340, Machakos, Kenya	Spence, N.J., Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom; Phiri, N.A., CAB International-Africa Regional Centre, P O Box 633-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; Hughes, S.L., Department of Agriculture, Reading University, P O Box 236, Reading, RG6 6AT, United Kingdom; Mwaniki, A., Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) Katumani, P O Box 340, Machakos, Kenya; Simons, S., CAB International-Africa Regional Centre, P O Box 633-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; Oduor, G., CAB International-Africa Regional Centre, P O Box 633-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; Chacha, D., CAB International-Africa Regional Centre, P O Box 633-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; Kuria, A., CAB International-Africa Regional Centre, P O Box 633-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; Ndirangu, S., CAB International-Africa Regional Centre, P O Box 633-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; Kibata, G.N., CAB International-Africa Regional Centre, P O Box 633-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; Marris, G.C., Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom	Screenhouse experiments conducted in Kenya showed that inoculation of cabbage seedlings with Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), either alone, or in combination with Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), reduced the number and weight of marketable harvested heads. When viruses were inoculated simultaneously, 25% of cabbage heads were non-marketable, representing 20-fold loss compared with control. By contrast, inoculation with CaMV alone had insignificant effects on cabbage yield. This suggests that TuMV is the more detrimental of these pathogens, and its management should be a priority. Early exposure to TuMV produced cabbages that were 50% lighter than non-infected plants, but later infection was less damaging suggesting that controlling virus infection at the seedling stage is more important. TuMV was far less damaging to kale than it was to cabbage; although high proportions of TuMV-inoculated kale plants showed symptoms (>90%), the marketability and quality of leaves were not significantly reduced, and no clear relationship existed between timing of infection and subsequent crop losses. Early inoculation of Swiss chard with Beet mosaic virus (BtMV) significantly impaired leaf quality (∼50% reduction in marketable leaf production), but the impact of disease was greatest in plants that had been inoculated at maturity, where average leaf losses were two and a half times those recorded in virus-free plants. Disease-management of BtMV in Swiss chard is important, therefore, not only at the seedling stage, but particularly when plants are transplanted from nursery to field. © 2006 British Crown Copyright.	Cabbage; Caulimovirus; Kale; Kenya; Potyvirus; Swiss chard	crop yield; disease control; economic impact; host use; host-pathogen interaction; inoculation; leafy vegetable; pathogenicity; root vegetable; viral disease; virus; yield response; Africa; East Africa; Kenya; Sub-Saharan Africa; Beet mosaic virus; Beta vulgaris cicla; Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris; Brassica oleracea var. capitata; Brassica rapa subsp. rapa; Cauliflower mosaic virus; Caulimovirus; Potyvirus; Turnip mosaic virus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953500575	ICARDA's approach in seed delivery: Technical performance and sustainability of village-based seed enterprises in Afghanistan	Srinivas T., Bishaw Z., Rizvi J., Niane A.A., Manan A.R., Amegbeto K.	2010	Journal of New Seeds	11	2	10.1080/15228861003754156	Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Kerala, India; Seed Unit, ICARDA, PO Box 5466, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic; ICARDA, Kabul, Afghanistan; FAO Sub Regional Office, Accra, Ghana	Srinivas, T., Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Kerala, India; Bishaw, Z., Seed Unit, ICARDA, PO Box 5466, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic; Rizvi, J., ICARDA, Kabul, Afghanistan; Niane, A.A., Seed Unit, ICARDA, PO Box 5466, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic; Manan, A.R., ICARDA, Kabul, Afghanistan; Amegbeto, K., FAO Sub Regional Office, Accra, Ghana	In the absence of organized formal public or private sector, finding an innovative alternative seed delivery remains a key challenge. ICARDA initiated a novel approach of establishing farmer-led village-based seed enterprises (VBSEs) to ensure rapid access to quality seed of adapted new crop varieties under the Alternative Livelihoods Program (ALP-E) on integrated staple crop development in eastern Afghanistan. This article describes VBSEs, their technical performance, profitability, and impact, and assesses their sustainability as alternative options in Afghanistan. The technical performance of VBSEs showed that they collectively produced 1,060 and 2,170 MT quality seed of wheat, rice, mung bean, and potato in 2006/7 and in 2007/8, respectively. Average purity and germination of seed produced was 98.67 and 93.47%, respectively, in 2006/7 and 98.13 and 91.25% in the same order for 2007/8. It is evident from the profitability analysis of VBSEs' seed operations that all were economically viable by breaking even and covering fixed and variable costs. The net profit from seed business was $315,531 for 15 VBSEs in 2006/7 and it reached $1,311,060 in 2007/8 for 17 VBSEs. For all VBSEs, returns-to-asset ratio showed strong earnings of 3.5% and 4% in 2006/7 and 2007/8, respectively and were lower than an acceptable stress level of 6%. All VBSEs had current ratio above the threshold of one and therefore were not vulnerable to meet short-term debts. The average debt-to-asset ratio of all VBSEs was low (5% in 2006/7 and 1.6% in 2007/8) suggesting their strong borrowing capacity with no financial risk. Similarly, the debt-to-equity ratio indicated that in all cases, the farmers' share of the seed enterprise equity averaged about 5.42% and 1.6% during 2006/7 and 2007/8, respectively. The most progressive and experienced VBSEs are using diversification strategies to increase and stabilize revenues. This provides evidence that quality-seed production at community-level in the form of VBSEs is profitable and an alternative seed-delivery system complementing the formal sector in Afghanistan and elsewhere. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	Afghanistan; Breakeven analysis; Impact; Liquidity ratios; Profitability; Village-based seed enterprises	Solanum tuberosum; Triticum aestivum; Vigna radiata var. radiata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862876803	Performance evaluation of two serological tests for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) detection in an enzootic area using a Bayesian framework	Sidibé C.A.K., Grosbois V., Thiaucourt F., Niang M., Lesnoff M., Roger F.	2012	Tropical Animal Health and Production	44	6	10.1007/s11250-011-0063-3	Central Veterinary Laboratory, Km 8, Route de Koulikoro, BP: 2295 Bamako, Mali; CIRAD, Control of Exotic and Emerging Animal Diseases Unit, TA A-15/G, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; African Union, Interafrican Bureau For Animal Resources, Kenindia Business Park, Museum Hill, Westlands Road, Nairobi, Kenya; CIRAD, Animal and Integrated Risk Management (AGIRs) Unit, (ES), TA A-22/E, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; CIRAD, SELMET Unit, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France	Sidibé, C.A.K., Central Veterinary Laboratory, Km 8, Route de Koulikoro, BP: 2295 Bamako, Mali, CIRAD, Animal and Integrated Risk Management (AGIRs) Unit, (ES), TA A-22/E, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Grosbois, V., CIRAD, Animal and Integrated Risk Management (AGIRs) Unit, (ES), TA A-22/E, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Thiaucourt, F., CIRAD, Control of Exotic and Emerging Animal Diseases Unit, TA A-15/G, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Niang, M., Central Veterinary Laboratory, Km 8, Route de Koulikoro, BP: 2295 Bamako, Mali, African Union, Interafrican Bureau For Animal Resources, Kenindia Business Park, Museum Hill, Westlands Road, Nairobi, Kenya; Lesnoff, M., CIRAD, SELMET Unit, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Roger, F., CIRAD, Animal and Integrated Risk Management (AGIRs) Unit, (ES), TA A-22/E, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France	A Bayesian approach, allowing for conditional dependence between two tests was used to estimate without gold standard the sensitivities of complement fixation test (CFT) and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test (cELISA) and the serological prevalence of CBPP in a cattle population of the Central Delta of the Niger River in Mali, where CBPP is enzootic and the true prevalence and animals serological state were unknown. A significant difference (P = 0.99) was observed between the sensitivities of the two tests, estimated at 73.7% (95% probability interval [PI], 63.4-82.7) for cELISA and 42.3% (95% PI, 33.3-53.7) for CFT. Individual-level serological prevalence in the study population was estimated at 14.1% (95% PI, 10.8-16.9). Our results indicate that in enzootic areas, cELISA performs better in terms of sensitivity than CFT. However, negative conditional sensitivity dependence between the two tests was detected, implying that to achieve maximum sensitivity, the two tests should be applied in parallel. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Bayesian framework; CBPP; Field cattle; Sensitivity; Serological tests; Specificity	animal; animal disease; article; Bayes theorem; cattle; cattle disease; comparative study; complement fixation test; contagious pleuropneumonia; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; epidemiology; evaluation; Mali; methodology; microbiology; sensitivity and specificity; Animals; Bayes Theorem; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Complement Fixation Tests; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Mali; Pleuropneumonia, Contagious; Sensitivity and Specificity; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Animalia; Bos; Bovinae; Mycoplasma	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878275810	A process evaluation of a capacity-building project for comprehensive HIV/AIDS management in Nkonkobe local municipality, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa	Chipunza C., Nyawasha T.S.	2013	Anthropologist	15	3	None	Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa; University of Limpopo, Department of Sociology, South Africa	Chipunza, C., Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa; Nyawasha, T.S., University of Limpopo, Department of Sociology, South Africa	South Africa has put in place policies to curb the HIV and AIDS pandemic and adopted the multi-sectoral approach to effectively implement the policies and manage the scourge in terms of prevention, treatment, care and support. However, the implementation of the policies has been hampered by lack of human capacity. This article focuses on the results of a process or implementation evaluation of a capacity-building project in the management of HIV and AIDS in one of South Africa's local municipalities. The intention of the researchers were twofold: (1) to provide a picture of important observations about the project in terms of delivery in line with the original plan, reaching targeted population, as well as frequency and adequacy of project activities (2) to draw up lessons that can be used to improve HIV and AIDS policy implementation through projects. Using interviews and corroborating them with, observations and documents, the process evaluation exercise focused on two levels of analysis, that is, the programme staff and their provincial partners, and the project's intended beneficiaries. The results of the evaluation showed a high level of fidelity implementation, reach and dose. The study highlights the lessons learnt in contributing to a co-ordinated and, participatory and vibrant response to HIV and AIDS management. It draws a number of recommendations for future policy and practices based on the project's experience. © Kamla-Raj 2013.	Dose; Empowerment; Fidelity; Participation; Reach	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860282569	Techno-economic evaluation of a micro-hydropower plant for rural electrification in South Africa	Kusakana K., Munda J.L., Jimoh A.A., Monchusi B.B.	2011	International Review on Modelling and Simulations	4	5	None	Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	Kusakana, K., Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Munda, J.L., Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Jimoh, A.A., Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Monchusi, B.B., Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa	This study investigated the techno-economic viability of micro-hydropower generation in the electrification of a rural area in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The proposed scheme is composed of a squirrel cage induction machine running as a generator and directly coupled to a Kaplan hydro-turbine. Mathematical models were developed and simulations performed using MATLAB/SIMULINK software to highlight the characteristics of the output power supplied to consumers for varying water flow rate. A small-scale experimental model based on a DC machine as a turbine driving a self-excited induction generator was developed to validate the designed model. Economic and environment analyses were performed using HOMER software to assess the possibility of using the proposed stand-alone micro-hydropower system for low-cost electricity production and supply for the specific site. The MATLAB/SIMULINK model developed and the laboratory experiments demonstrated the technical viability of using a Kaplan turbine and a self-excited induction generator in micro-hydropower generation. The economic and environmental results highlight the cost-effectiveness character and the reduction of gas pollutant emissions achieved by the plant. The micro-hydropower plant is a technically and economically viable and environmentally friendly means for rural electrification. © 2011 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved.	Micro-Hydropower; Rural Power Supply; Techno-Economic Analysis	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900434995	The impact of in-service training on computer application educators: Challenges experienced and skills acquired	Bihi J.K., Selesho J.M.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	7	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n7p411	Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa	Bihi, J.K., Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Selesho, J.M., Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa	It is generally believed that Information Communication Technologies through the use of Computer Applications Technology can extend knowledge and education to poor and marginalised people in South Africa. However, African countries still face many challenges in trying to provide appropriate and sustainable solutions for improving education and skills that will support the development of educators in all communities; this can be viewed in light of the millennium developmental goal. Thus the Department of Education put measures in place to bridge the gap in knowledge, skills and understanding of Computer Application Technology (CAT) educators through the provision of in-service training (INSET) programs. The research study was aimed at investigating challenges that CAT educators were experiencing in their classrooms in Secondary Schools in the Free State province. The study made use of a survey and an evaluation research design. The target population for this study was all Further Education and Training (FET) Phase educators in all secondary schools in the Free State Province. A selfconstructed questionnaire was used to collect qualitative data. The study revealed that the INSET program still needs to improve on its content relevance to syllabus and it should provide educators with skills in dealing with the challenge of teaching learners with disabilities. The majority of educators were satisfied with the INSET program as they indicated that it assisted in enhancing their skills and content knowledge; they further indicated that it gave them motivation to go into classrooms and teach. That the study did achieve its goal which was to assess the impact of INSET programs for CAT educators in the Motheo District, Free State province.	Challenges; Computer application; Educators; Experiences; Impact	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84917672855	The impact of hiv/aids on school enrolment as a variable for future projection and in the rationale for physical resource provisioning and prioritization	Joseph M.R., Petrus R.M.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	27	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n27p1264	Central University of Technology, South Africa	Joseph, M.R., Central University of Technology, South Africa; Petrus, R.M., Central University of Technology, South Africa	The impact of HIV/AIDS cuts across all sectors of economic activities and social life for example, it not only reduces the stock of human capital but also the capacity to maintain. It leaves children without parents, learners without teachers, Children end up been child headed in the families, affect families emotional and makes government poor. The required turnover of many hunted after skills and training like engineers, doctors, teachers, artisans and others. In the educational sphere, it leads to among other things a decrease in potential clientele for education resources. The workforce, its impact increases expenditure on the one hand and decreases productivity on the other. In fact, economists imagine that even when unemployment rates are high, retirement and death of a large number of skilled and unskilled workers will cause an increase in wages. © 2014, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All right reserved.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951691514	The impact of upgrading roads on the conservation of the threatened flightless dung beetle, Circellum bacchus (F.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)	Hayward M.W., Hayward G.J., Kerley G.I.H.	2010	Coleopterists Bulletin	64	1	10.1649/0010-065X-64.1.75	Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031 Eastern Cape, South Africa	Hayward, M.W., Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031 Eastern Cape, South Africa; Hayward, G.J., Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031 Eastern Cape, South Africa; Kerley, G.I.H., Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031 Eastern Cape, South Africa	The flightless dung beetle Circellum bacchus (Fabricius, 1781) is a unique, ectothermic dung beetle that is of conservation concern due to a massive decline in its distribution. Very little is known about its conservation ecology and the upgrade of roads in one of its last strongholds, South Africa's Addo Elephant National Park, led to concerns that road kill was threatening the population because drivers could not see the beetles due to their similar colour as the upgraded roads. We tested whether the upgraded, black, tar roads led to more road kills than the original sandy-red, gravel roads using counts of live and dead beetles along transects through similar habitats of the park. There was no significant difference between the number of live and dead dung beetles on the tar or gravel roads illustrating that the infrastructure improvements themselves are not threatening the persistence of the species. The high levels of vehicle-derived mortality along roads, however, suggest that road kills may be a threatening process with potentially 100,000 C. bacchus killed on roads annually (although 45,000 is a more conservative estimate). Further research is needed to ascertain whether this off-take is sustainable and to formulate mitigation measures.	Addo Elephant National Park; Invertebrate conservation; Road ecology; Road kill; Threatening processes	anthropogenic effect; beetle; ectothermy; flightlessness; habitat conservation; national park; population decline; species conservation; Addo Elephant National Park; Eastern Cape; South Africa; Coleoptera; Invertebrata; Scarabaeidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886261567	Non-linear feeding functional responses in the Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus) predict immediate negative impact of wetland degradation on this flagship species	Deville A.-S., Grémillet D., Gauthier-Clerc M., Guillemain M., Von Houwald F., Gardelli B., Béchet A.	2013	Ecology and Evolution	3	5	10.1002/ece3.554	Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France; Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS UMR 5175, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France; FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Departement Chrono-Environnement, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 USC INRA, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, La Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, F-13200 Arles, France; Basel zoo, Bachlettenstrasse 75, 4054 Basel, Switzerland	Deville, A.-S., Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS UMR 5175, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France; Grémillet, D., Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS UMR 5175, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France, FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Gauthier-Clerc, M., Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France, Departement Chrono-Environnement, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 USC INRA, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; Guillemain, M., Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, La Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, F-13200 Arles, France; Von Houwald, F., Basel zoo, Bachlettenstrasse 75, 4054 Basel, Switzerland; Gardelli, B., Basel zoo, Bachlettenstrasse 75, 4054 Basel, Switzerland; Béchet, A., Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France	Accurate knowledge of the functional response of predators to prey density is essential for understanding food web dynamics, to parameterize mechanistic models of animal responses to environmental change, and for designing appropriate conservation measures. Greater flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus), a flagship species of Mediterranean wetlands, primarily feed on Artemias (Artemia spp.) in commercial salt pans, an industry which may collapse for economic reasons. Flamingos also feed on alternative prey such as Chironomid larvae (e.g., Chironomid spp.) and rice seeds (Oryza sativa). However, the profitability of these food items for flamingos remains unknown. We determined the functional responses of flamingos feeding on Artemias, Chironomids, or rice. Experiments were conducted on 11 captive flamingos. For each food item, we offered different ranges of food densities, up to 13 times natural abundance. Video footage allowed estimating intake rates. Contrary to theoretical predictions for filter feeders, intake rates did not increase linearly with increasing food density (type I). Intake rates rather increased asymptotically with increasing food density (type II) or followed a sigmoid shape (type III). Hence, flamingos were not able to ingest food in direct proportion to their abundance, possibly because of unique bill structure resulting in limited filtering capabilities. Overall, flamingos foraged more efficiently on Artemias. When feeding on Chironomids, birds had lower instantaneous rates of food discovery and required more time to extract food from the sediment and ingest it, than when filtering Artemias from the water column. However, feeding on rice was energetically more profitable for flamingos than feeding on Artemias or Chironomids, explaining their attraction for rice fields. Crucially, we found that food densities required for flamingos to reach asymptotic intake rates are rarely met under natural conditions. This allows us to predict an immediate negative effect of any decrease in prey density upon flamingo foraging performance. © 2013 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.	Artemia spp; Attack rate; Conservation; Filter feeder; Food intake rate; Handling time; Salt pans	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925863058	Impacts of extreme climatic events on the energetics of long-lived vertebrates: The case of the greater flamingo facing cold spells in the camargue	Deville A.-S., Labaude S., Robin J.-P., Béchet A., Gauthier-Clerc M., Porter W., Fitzpatrick M., Mathewson P., Grémillet D.	2014	Journal of Experimental Biology	217	20	10.1242/jeb.106344	Centre de Recherche de la Tour Du Valat, Le Sambuc, Arles, France; Centre D'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE-CNRS), 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier, France; Département Ecologie Physiologie et Ethologie, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7178 CNRS-ULP, 23 Rue Becquerel, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France; Departement Chrono-Environnement, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 USC INRA, Université de Franche- Comté, Besançon, France; Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, 250 N. Mills Street, Madison, WI, United States; DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Deville, A.-S., Centre de Recherche de la Tour Du Valat, Le Sambuc, Arles, France, Centre D'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE-CNRS), 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier, France; Labaude, S., Centre de Recherche de la Tour Du Valat, Le Sambuc, Arles, France; Robin, J.-P., Département Ecologie Physiologie et Ethologie, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7178 CNRS-ULP, 23 Rue Becquerel, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France; Béchet, A., Centre de Recherche de la Tour Du Valat, Le Sambuc, Arles, France; Gauthier-Clerc, M., Centre de Recherche de la Tour Du Valat, Le Sambuc, Arles, France, Departement Chrono-Environnement, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 USC INRA, Université de Franche- Comté, Besançon, France; Porter, W., Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, 250 N. Mills Street, Madison, WI, United States; Fitzpatrick, M., Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, 250 N. Mills Street, Madison, WI, United States; Mathewson, P., Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, 250 N. Mills Street, Madison, WI, United States; Grémillet, D., Centre D'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE-CNRS), 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier, France, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Most studies analyzing the effects of global warming on wild populations focus on gradual temperature changes, yet it is also important to understand the impact of extreme climatic events. Here we studied the effect of two cold spells (January 1985 and February 2012) on the energetics of greater flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus) in the Camargue (southern France). To understand the cause of observed flamingo mass mortalities, we first assessed the energy stores of flamingos found dead in February 2012, and compared them with those found in other bird species exposed to cold spells and/or fasting. Second, we evaluated the monthly energy requirements of flamingos across 1980-2012 using the mechanistic model Niche MapperTM. Our results show that the body lipids of flamingos found dead in 2012 corresponded to 2.6±0.3% of total body mass, which is close to results found in woodcocks (Scolopax rusticola) that died from starvation during a cold spell (1.7±0.1%), and much lower than in woodcocks which were fed throughout this same cold spell (13.0±2%). Further, Niche MapperTM predicted that flamingo energy requirements were highest (+6-7%) during the 1985 and 2012 cold spells compared with 'normal' winters. This increase was primarily driven by cold air temperatures. Overall, our findings strongly suggest that flamingos starved to death during both cold spells. This study demonstrates the relevance of using mechanistic energetics modelling and body condition analyses to understand and predict the impact of extreme climatic events on animal energy balance and winter survival probabilities. ©2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.	Bioenergetics; Body condition; Energy requirements; Energy stores; Fasting; Mechanistic modelling; Niche mapperTM; Winter stress	Animalia; Aves; Phoenicopteridae; Phoenicopterus; Scolopax; Scolopax rusticola; Vertebrata; lipid; adverse effects; animal; biological model; bird; Charadriiformes; climate; cold; energy metabolism; France; metabolism; mortality; physiology; season; starvation; Animals; Birds; Charadriiformes; Climate; Cold Temperature; Energy Metabolism; France; Lipids; Models, Biological; Seasons; Starvation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953322359	Long-term anthropogenic and ecological dynamics of a Mediterranean landscape: Impacts on multiple taxa	Sirami C., Nespoulous A., Cheylan J.-P., Marty P., Hvenegaard G.T., Geniez P., Schatz B., Martin J.-L.	2010	Landscape and Urban Planning	96	4	10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.03.007	Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive UMR 5175 -, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex, France; Climate Change and BioAdaptation Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, P/Bag X7, Claremont 7735 Cape Town, South Africa; Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Étude des Structures, de Processus d'Adaptation et des Changements de L'Espace, UMR 6102 - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 74 rue Louis Pasteur - Case n17, 84029 Avignon Cedex, France; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Centre Français de Recherche en Sciences Sociales USR 3138, CNRS-MAEE, Vysehradska, 49, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic; University of Alberta, Augustana Campus, 4901-46 Avenue, Camrose, Alta. T4V 2R3, Canada; Centre d'É, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex, France	Sirami, C., Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive UMR 5175 -, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex, France, Climate Change and BioAdaptation Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, P/Bag X7, Claremont 7735 Cape Town, South Africa, Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Nespoulous, A., Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive UMR 5175 -, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex, France; Cheylan, J.-P., Étude des Structures, de Processus d'Adaptation et des Changements de L'Espace, UMR 6102 - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 74 rue Louis Pasteur - Case n17, 84029 Avignon Cedex, France, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Marty, P., Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive UMR 5175 -, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex, France, Centre Français de Recherche en Sciences Sociales USR 3138, CNRS-MAEE, Vysehradska, 49, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Hvenegaard, G.T., Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive UMR 5175 -, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex, France, University of Alberta, Augustana Campus, 4901-46 Avenue, Camrose, Alta. T4V 2R3, Canada; Geniez, P., Centre d'É, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex, France; Schatz, B., Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive UMR 5175 -, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex, France; Martin, J.-L., Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive UMR 5175 -, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex, France	Mediterranean landscapes resulted from the complex and ancient interaction of ecosystems and societies. Today they represent one of the world's biodiversity hotspots. These landscapes have a fine-grained mosaic and a high resilience to disturbances. However, during the last century, human pressures have led to new landscape structures and dynamics and an overall decrease in biological diversity. Within a Mediterranean landscape from southern France, we assessed the effects of land use changes on land cover and biodiversity over the last 60 years. The major land use changes involved a substantial decrease in sheep grazing and wood cutting corresponding to the abandonment of 70% of the study area. This resulted in a reduction in land use diversity which was usually high in the Mediterranean. Although land cover in the study area changed gradually (2.2% per year), over 74% changed between 1946 and 2002. This habitat shift had a subsequent impact on species distribution. Apart from amphibians and insects, most species of birds, reptiles, orchids and rare plants that responded positively to these changes were associated with woodlands, while species that responded negatively were associated with open habitats. In the Mediterranean, most rare and endemic species are associated with open habitats and are thus threatened by land abandonment. As a result, land abandonment is contributing to a decrease in local species richness and a decrease in rare and endemic species. Since similar patterns of change have been observed over most of the north-western Mediterranean, land abandonment represents a major threat for biodiversity in the Mediterranean. © 2010.	Grazing; Land abandonment; Land cover changes; Landscape heterogeneity; Open habitats	Biological diversity; Ecological dynamics; Endemic species; Grazing land; Hotspots; Land cover; Land use diversity; Land-cover change; Land-use change; Landscape structures; Similar pattern; Species distributions; Species richness; Study areas; Western Mediterranean; Wood cutting; Biodiversity; Ecology; Landforms; Land use; abandoned land; ecological approach; ecosystem resilience; grazing pressure; heterogeneity; hot spot; human activity; land cover; land use change; long-term change; Mediterranean environment; sheep; species richness; France; Amphibia; Aves; Hexapoda; Orchidaceae; Ovis aries; Reptilia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33645005227	Using niche-based modelling to assess the impact of climate change on tree functional diversity in Europe	Thuiller W., Lavorel S., Sykes M.T., Araújo M.B.	2006	Diversity and Distributions	12	1	10.1111/j.1366-9516.2006.00216.x	Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Climate Change Research Group, Kirstenbosch Research Center, South African National Biodiversity Institute, P/Bag x 7, Claremont 7735, Cape Town, South Africa; Macroecology and Conservation Unit, University of Évora, Estrada dos Leões, 7000-730 Évora, Portugal; Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, CNRS, Université J. Fournier, BP 53X, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Geobiosphere Science Centre, Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystems Analysis, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; Biodiversity Research Group, School of Geography and the Environment, Oxford University, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TB, United Kingdom; Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, National Museum of Natural Sciences, CSIC, C/Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain	Thuiller, W., Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Climate Change Research Group, Kirstenbosch Research Center, South African National Biodiversity Institute, P/Bag x 7, Claremont 7735, Cape Town, South Africa, Macroecology and Conservation Unit, University of Évora, Estrada dos Leões, 7000-730 Évora, Portugal, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, CNRS, Université J. Fournier, BP 53X, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Lavorel, S., Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, CNRS, Université J. Fournier, BP 53X, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Sykes, M.T., Geobiosphere Science Centre, Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystems Analysis, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; Araújo, M.B., Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Macroecology and Conservation Unit, University of Évora, Estrada dos Leões, 7000-730 Évora, Portugal, Biodiversity Research Group, School of Geography and the Environment, Oxford University, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TB, United Kingdom, Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, National Museum of Natural Sciences, CSIC, C/Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain	Rapid anthropogenic climate change is already affecting species distributions and ecosystem functioning worldwide. We applied niche-based models to analyse the impact of climate change on tree species and functional diversity in Europe. Present-day climate was used to predict the distributions of 122 tree species from different functional types (FT). We then explored projections of future distributions under one climate scenario for 2080, considering two alternative dispersal assumptions: no dispersal and unlimited dispersal. The species-rich broadleaved deciduous group appeared to play a key role in the future of different European regions. Temperate areas were projected to lose both species richness and functional diversity due to the loss of broadleaved deciduous trees. These were projected to migrate to boreal forests, thereby increasing their species richness and functional diversity. Atlantic areas provided an intermediate case, with a predicted reduction in the numbers of species and occasional predicted gains in functional diversity. This resulted from a loss in species within the broadleaved deciduous FT, but overall maintenance of the group. Our results illustrate the fact that both species-specific predictions and functional patterns should be examined separately in order to assess the impacts of climate change on biodiversity and gain insights into future ecosystem functioning. © 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Climate change; Functional diversity; Niche-based models; Species richness	climate change; ecosystem function; functional response; modeling; niche; species richness; Eurasia; Europe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861357339	Little auks buffer the impact of current Arctic climate change	Grémillet D., Welcker J., Karnovsky N.J., Walkusz W., Hall M.E., Fort J., Brown Z.W., Speakman J.R., Harding A.M.A.	2012	Marine Ecology Progress Series	454	None	10.3354/meps09590	Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR5175, CNRS-INEE, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway; Pomona College, Department of Biology, 175 W. Sixth Street, Claremont, CA 91771, United States; Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powsta ców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland; Freshwater Institute, Fisheries and Oceans, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada; BirdWatch Ireland, Unit 20 Block D, Bullford Business Campus, Kilcoole, Co. Wicklow, Ireland; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom; Alaska Pacific University, Environmental Science Department, 4101 University Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, United States	Grémillet, D., Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR5175, CNRS-INEE, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Welcker, J., Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway; Karnovsky, N.J., Pomona College, Department of Biology, 175 W. Sixth Street, Claremont, CA 91771, United States; Walkusz, W., Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powsta ców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland, Freshwater Institute, Fisheries and Oceans, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada; Hall, M.E., BirdWatch Ireland, Unit 20 Block D, Bullford Business Campus, Kilcoole, Co. Wicklow, Ireland; Fort, J., Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Brown, Z.W., Pomona College, Department of Biology, 175 W. Sixth Street, Claremont, CA 91771, United States; Speakman, J.R., School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom; Harding, A.M.A., Alaska Pacific University, Environmental Science Department, 4101 University Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, United States	Climate models predict a multi-degree warming of the North Atlantic in the 21st century. A research priority is to understand the effect of such changes upon marine organisms. With 40 to 80 million individuals, planktivorous little auks Alle alle are an essential component of pelagic food webs in this region that is potentially highly susceptible to climatic effects. Using an integrative study of their behaviour, physiology and fitness at 3 study sites, we evaluated the effect of ocean warming on little auks across the Greenland Sea in 2005 to 2007. Contrary to our hypothesis, the birds responded to a wide range of sea surface temperatures via plasticity of their foraging behaviour, allowing them to maintain their fitness levels. Predicted effects of climate change are significantly attenuated by such plasticity, confounding attempts to forecast future effects of climate change using envelope models. © Inter-Research 2012.	Behavioural plasticity; Envelope models; Global warming; North Atlantic; Pelagic food web; Zooplankton	arctic environment; climate change; climate effect; climate modeling; fitness; food web; numerical model; pelagic ecosystem; phenotypic plasticity; planktivore; sea surface temperature; seabird; temperature effect; temperature tolerance; twenty first century; warming; zooplankton; Arctic Ocean; Atlantic Ocean; Atlantic Ocean (North); Greenland Sea; Norwegian Sea; Alle alle; Aves; Pinguinus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887380198	Performance of first-year accounting students: Does time perspective matter? [Prestasie van eerstjaarsrekeningkundestudente: Speel tydsperspektief 'n rol?]	Joubert H., Viljoen M., Schall R.	2013	Acta Academica	45	3	None	Centre for Accounting, South Africa; University of the Free State, P O Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Dept of Mathematical Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of the Free State, P O Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Joubert, H., Centre for Accounting, South Africa; Viljoen, M., University of the Free State, P O Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Schall, R., Dept of Mathematical Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of the Free State, P O Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Academic failure of first-year accounting students is a national and international problem. Existing research is inconclusive regarding the causes for the failure and does not make provision for the possible influence of dominant time perspectives on performance in accounting. This article investigates whether time perspective has an effect on the performance of first-year accounting students. A quantitative non-experimental predictive multivariate design is used and confounding variables are taken into consideration. The results of the study indicate significant relationships between performance in first-year accounting and gender, age and a past-negative time perspective. The most significant result of this study is that a past-negative time perspective, together with an unfavourable psychosocial background, might have led to failure in first-year accounting. It is suggested that students with a negative time perspective be identified and encouraged to participate in support programmes at the university. © UV/UFS.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745726656	Modelling the demographic impact of HIV/AIDS in South Africa and the likely impact of interventions	Johnson L.F., Dorrington R.E.	2006	Demographic Research	14	None	10.4054/DemRes.2006.14.22	Centre for Actuarial Research, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Johnson, L.F., Centre for Actuarial Research, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Dorrington, R.E., Centre for Actuarial Research, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	This paper describes an approach to incorporating the impact of HIV/AIDS and the effects of HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment programmes into a cohort component projection model of the South African population. The modelled HIV-positive population is divided into clinical and treatment stages, and it is demonstrated that the age profile and morbidity profile of the HIV-positive population is changing significantly over time. HIV/AIDS is projected to have a substantial demographic impact in South Africa. Prevention programmes - social marketing, voluntary counselling and testing, prevention of mother-to-child transmission and improved treatment for sexually transmitted diseases - are unlikely to reduce AIDS mortality significantly in the short term. However, more immediate reductions in mortality can be achieved when antiretroviral treatment is introduced. © 2006 Max-Planck-Gesellschaft.	Antiretroviral treatment; Demographic impact; HIV/AIDS prevention; Simulation model; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892643257	Regulatory reform of seed systems: Benefits and impacts from a mungbean case study in Nepal	Joshi K.D., Khanal N.P., Harris D., Khanal N.N., Sapkota A., Khadka K., Darai R., Neupane R.K., Joshi M., Witcombe J.R.	2014	Field Crops Research	158	None	10.1016/j.fcr.2013.12.011	Centre for Advanced Research in International Agricultural Development (CARIAD), C/o CIMMYT South Asia Regional Office, P. O. Box 5186, Kathmandu, Nepal; Forum for Rural Welfare and Agriculture Reform for Development (FORWARD), P.O. Box 11, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal; CARIAD, Bangor University, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, United Kingdom; Local Initiatives for Biodiversity, Research and Development (LI-BIRD), P.O. Box 324, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal; National Grain Legume Research Programme (NGLRP), Nepal Agriculture Research Council (NARC), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal; Social Upliftment through Participatory Programmes, Research and Training (SUPPORT) Foundation, P.O. Box 24, Mahendranagar, Kanchanpur, Nepal; International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Trop-ics, PO Box 39063, Nairobi, Kenya; FORWARD, Chitwan, Nepal; Department of Agriculture Development, Regional AgricultureTraining Centre, Sundarpur, Kanchanpur, Nepal; CIMMYT-Pakistan, NARC-Park Road, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan	Joshi, K.D., Centre for Advanced Research in International Agricultural Development (CARIAD), C/o CIMMYT South Asia Regional Office, P. O. Box 5186, Kathmandu, Nepal, CIMMYT-Pakistan, NARC-Park Road, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; Khanal, N.P., Forum for Rural Welfare and Agriculture Reform for Development (FORWARD), P.O. Box 11, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal; Harris, D., CARIAD, Bangor University, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, United Kingdom, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Trop-ics, PO Box 39063, Nairobi, Kenya; Khanal, N.N., Forum for Rural Welfare and Agriculture Reform for Development (FORWARD), P.O. Box 11, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal; Sapkota, A., Forum for Rural Welfare and Agriculture Reform for Development (FORWARD), P.O. Box 11, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal; Khadka, K., Local Initiatives for Biodiversity, Research and Development (LI-BIRD), P.O. Box 324, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal; Darai, R., National Grain Legume Research Programme (NGLRP), Nepal Agriculture Research Council (NARC), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal; Neupane, R.K., National Grain Legume Research Programme (NGLRP), Nepal Agriculture Research Council (NARC), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal, FORWARD, Chitwan, Nepal; Joshi, M., Social Upliftment through Participatory Programmes, Research and Training (SUPPORT) Foundation, P.O. Box 24, Mahendranagar, Kanchanpur, Nepal, Department of Agriculture Development, Regional AgricultureTraining Centre, Sundarpur, Kanchanpur, Nepal; Witcombe, J.R., CARIAD, Bangor University, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, United Kingdom	Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L). Wilczek) is becoming an important grain legume in Nepal. It can be grown as an additional crop after harvesting winter crops such as winter wheat, winter legumes and oilseeds and before planting main season rice from the low-altitude Terai through to the middle hills of Nepal. Replacing short fallows in the spring, it provides additional high quality food, enhances soil fertility and increases the yield of the following crop.In spite of continued varietal research by the National Grain Legume Research Programme, no mungbean varieties were released from 1975 to 2006. The old variety, Pusa Baishakhi, was released in 1975, but became susceptible to Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) and several other diseases so mungbean became limited to a rarely grown, green manure crop. In 2003, we introduced four mungbean varieties resistant to MYMV from the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Centre. These were evaluated in participatory varietal selection (PVS) mother and baby trials in low fertility and droughted conditions using farmers' levels of inputs and management. Variety spread was promoted by distributing free small seed samples in a process known as Informal Research and Development (IRD); and community-based seed production and marketing. Of the four varieties, NM94 and VC6372 consistently produced higher grain yields than the local check varieties, were resistant to MYMV and hence were preferred by farmers. The Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives endorsed a new variety release procedure in 2005 that permitted the use of data from PVS trials to support the release or registration of new crop varieties. In 2006, on the basis of data generated from PVS trials alone, the National Seed Board released NM94 as 'Kalyan' while, on the basis of combined data from the PVS trials and from on-station trials, VC6372 (45-8-1) was released as 'Prateeksha'. The use of PVS contributed greatly to fast-tracking the release process and this resulted in farmers getting new MYMV-resistant mungbean varieties more quickly. Varieties spread rapidly through IRD and farmer-to-farmer seed networks and provided benefits to farming households. Regulatory reforms to speed up and simplify the process of varietal release are discussed. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Adoption; Fast-tracking varietal release; Food security; Irrigation; Participatory trials; Replacing fallow land	agricultural management; crop yield; food quality; food security; high yielding variety; irrigation; legume; participatory approach; research program; seed; soil fertility; Nepal	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-63449089142	The impact of browsing-induced degradation on the reproduction of subtropical thicket canopy shrubs and trees	Sigwela A.M., Kerley G.I.H., Mills A.J., Cowling R.M.	2009	South African Journal of Botany	75	2	10.1016/j.sajb.2008.12.001	Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 7700, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa; Restoration Research Group, Department of Soil Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Restoration Research Group, Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 7700, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa	Sigwela, A.M., Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 7700, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa; Kerley, G.I.H., Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 7700, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa; Mills, A.J., Restoration Research Group, Department of Soil Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Cowling, R.M., Restoration Research Group, Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 7700, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa	The regeneration dynamics of South African subtropical thicket are poorly understood. This lack of knowledge hampers the development of appropriate restoration protocols in degraded landscapes. To address this we compared the magnitude of seed production and the frequency seedlings of canopy species in intact and browsing-degraded forms of Portulacaria afra-dominated thicket. Severe browsing had a negative impact on sexual reproduction of canopy species. Seed production for all species was lower in the degraded than the intact states of both vegetation types. In the case of seedlings, almost all individuals were associated with beneath-canopy microsites, irrespective of degradation status. Exceptions were P. afra, Putterlickia pyracantha and Grewia robusta. Of the 511 seedlings that we observed, 480 (94%) were found in the beneath-canopy microsite and 31 (6%) in the open. In both intact and degraded sites, there were significantly fewer seedlings (all species combined) in open microsites than would be expected on the basis of the aerial extent of this microsite. The results show firstly that preservation of remnant clumps of closed-canopy thicket in degraded landscapes is of paramount importance for restoration, and that for recruitment of a wide range of canopy species to occur outside of these remnant clumps, it is essential to restore closed-canopy conditions as speedily as possible. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Carbon credits; Portulacaria afra; Restoration; Seed production; Seedling establishment; Soil organic matter	browsing; canopy architecture; carbon dioxide; ecological impact; land degradation; landscape structure; recruitment (population dynamics); regeneration; restoration ecology; seed production; seedling establishment; sexual reproduction; shrub; soil organic matter; Grewia; Portulacaria afra; Putterlickia pyracantha; Pyracantha	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878843393	Evaluation of fatty acids and physicochemical characteristics of six varieties of bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea L. Verde) seed oils	Aremu M.O., Mamman S., Olonisakin A.	2013	Rivista Italiana delle Sostanze Grasse	90	2	None	Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, PMB1022, Keffi, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria	Aremu, M.O., Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, PMB1022, Keffi, Nigeria; Mamman, S., Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, PMB1022, Keffi, Nigeria; Olonisakin, A., Department of Chemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria	A study was conducted to determine the suitability of six varieties of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verde) seed oils, an under-utilized crop grown in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. For this purpose, fatty acid composition of six different seed colours of bambara groundnut was determined using standard analytical techniques. The most concentrated fatty acids were oleic acid (17.54-18.49%) < palmitic acid (21.79-23.27%) < linoleic acid (34.04-35.62%). Arachidic and behenic acids were present in small quantities with none of them recording up to 1.0% in any of the samples. Caprylic, palmitoleic, margarle, capric, lauric, myristic, arachidonic, erucic and lignoceric acids were all determined but not detected. Unsaturated fatty acids predominated in all the samples with an adequate amount of essential fatty acid (linoleic and linolenic acids). Significant differences were observed (p < 0.05) in the fatty acid compositions among the bambara groundnut dehulled seed cultivars. The results of physicochemical properties of bambara groundnut varieties seed oils showed mean range values of the following parameters: saponifications value (174.80-181.02 mg KOH/g); peroxide value (9.10-11.05 meq02/kg); iodine value (111.98-122.22 mg of 1/100g); acid value (1.28-1.40 mg KOH/g); specific gravity at 25°C (0.874-0.881); unsaponifiable matter (2.39-2.47%); flash point (210-220°C); kinetic viscosity at 40°C (2.95-4.94). Generally, the values of the physicochemical parameters showed that the oils may be useful as edible oils due to their stability as frying oils and may also be useful industrially for the manufacture of products such as paints, liquid soaps and shampoos.	Fatty acids; Physicochemical parameters; Seed oils; Vigna subterranea	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919327437	Long-term monitoring reveals differing impacts of elephants on elements of a canopy shrub community	Landman M., Schoeman D.S., Hall-Martin A.J., Kerley G.I.H.	2014	Ecological Applications	24	8	None	Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, D.C., QLD, Australia; Hall-Martin Consulting CC, Somerset West, South Africa; Scientific Services, South African National Park, South Africa	Landman, M., Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Schoeman, D.S., Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, D.C., QLD, Australia; Hall-Martin, A.J., Hall-Martin Consulting CC, Somerset West, South Africa, Scientific Services, South African National Park, South Africa; Kerley, G.I.H., Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa	The conservation management of southern Africa's elephants focuses on identifying and mitigating the extent and intensity of impacts on biological diversity. However, variation in the intensity of elephant effects between elements of biodiversity is seldom explored, which limits our ability to interpret the scale of the impacts. Our study quantifies >50 years of impacts in the succulent thickets of the Addo Elephant National Park, South Africa, contrasting hypotheses for the resilience of the canopy shrubs (a key functional guild) to elephants with those that argue the opposite. We also assess the impacts between elements of the community, ranging from community composition and structure to the structure of individual canopy species. We show the vulnerability of the canopy shrubs to transformation as the accumulated influences of elephants alter community composition and structure. The pattern of transformation is similar to that caused by domestic herbivores, which leads us to predict that elephants will eventually bring about landscape-level degradation and a significant loss of biodiversity. While we expected the canopy species to show similar declining trends in structure, providing insight into the response of the community as a whole, we demonstrate an uneven distribution of impacts between constituent elements; most of the canopy dominants exhibited little change, resisting removal. This implies that these canopy dominants might not be useful indicators of community change in thickets, a pattern that is likely repeated among the canopy trees of savanna systems. Our findings suggest that predicting elephant impacts, and finding solutions to the so-called "elephant problem," require a broader and more integrated understanding of the mechanisms driving the changes between elements of biodiversity at various spatial and temporal scales. © 2014 by the Ecological Society of America	Addo elephant national park; Conservation management; Elephant impacts; Long-term studies; Loxodonta Africana; Monitoring; Scale; South Africa; Succulent thickets	canopy; community composition; dominance; elephant; environmental indicator; landscape change; shrub; spatiotemporal analysis; species diversity; Addo Elephant National Park; Eastern Cape; South Africa; South Africa; Elephantidae; Loxodonta africana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866464944	Understanding Long-Term Variations in an Elephant Piosphere Effect to Manage Impacts	Landman M., Schoeman D.S., Hall-Martin A.J., Kerley G.I.H.	2012	PLoS ONE	7	9	10.1371/journal.pone.0045334	Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, DC, QLD, Australia; Hall-Martin Consulting CC, Somerset West, South Africa	Landman, M., Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Schoeman, D.S., Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, DC, QLD, Australia; Hall-Martin, A.J., Hall-Martin Consulting CC, Somerset West, South Africa; Kerley, G.I.H., Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa	Surface water availability is a key driver of elephant impacts on biological diversity. Thus, understanding the spatio-temporal variations of these impacts in relation to water is critical to their management. However, elephant piosphere effects (i.e. the radial pattern of attenuating impact) are poorly described, with few long-term quantitative studies. Our understanding is further confounded by the complexity of systems with elephant (i.e. fenced, multiple water points, seasonal water availability, varying population densities) that likely limit the use of conceptual models to predict these impacts. Using 31 years of data on shrub structure in the succulent thickets of the Addo Elephant National Park, South Africa, we tested elephant effects at a single water point. Shrub structure showed a clear sigmoid response with distance from water, declining at both the upper and lower limits of sampling. Adjacent to water, this decline caused a roughly 300-m radial expansion of the grass-dominated habitats that replace shrub communities. Despite the clear relationship between shrub structure and ecological functioning in thicket, the extent of elephant effects varied between these features with distance from water. Moreover, these patterns co-varied with other confounding variables (e.g. the location of neighboring water points), which limits our ability to predict such effects in the absence of long-term data. We predict that elephant have the ability to cause severe transformation in succulent thicket habitats with abundant water supply and elevated elephant numbers. However, these piosphere effects are complex, suggesting that a more integrated understanding of elephant impacts on ecological heterogeneity may be required before water availability is used as a tool to manage impacts. We caution against the establishment of water points in novel succulent thicket habitats, and advocate a significant reduction in water provisioning at our study site, albeit with greater impacts at each water point. © 2012 Landman et al.	None	article; biodiversity; confounding variable; elephant; grass; habitat; nonhuman; population density; prediction; quantitative study; scrub; sea surface waters; vegetation; water availability; water management; water supply; Animals; Biodiversity; Drinking Water; Ecosystem; Elephants; Population Density; Water Supply	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55249101047	Impact of land use on the biodiversity integrity of the moist sub-biome of the grassland biome, South Africa	O'Connor T.G., Kuyler P.	2009	Journal of Environmental Management	90	1	10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.10.012	Centre for African Ecology, School of A.P.E.S., University of the Witwatersrand, P.O. WITS 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Centre for Environmental Management, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	O'Connor, T.G., Centre for African Ecology, School of A.P.E.S., University of the Witwatersrand, P.O. WITS 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Kuyler, P., Centre for Environmental Management, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	South Africa's moist grassland harbours globally significant biodiversity, supplies essential ecosystem services, supports crop and livestock agriculture, forestry and settlement, yet is poorly conserved. Ongoing transformation and limited opportunity for expanding the protected area network require instead that biodiversity conservation is 'mainstreamed' within other land uses. This exercise sought to identify the relative compatibility of 10 land uses (conservation, livestock or game ranching, tourism/recreation, rural settlement, dryland cropping, irrigated cropping, dairy farming, plantation forestry, and urban settlement) with maintaining biodiversity integrity. This was assessed using 46 indicators for biodiversity integrity that covered landscape composition, structure, and functioning. Data was integrated into a single measure per land use through application of the analytic hierarchy process, with supporting information gained from interviews with experts. The rank order of importance amongst indicators was landscape structure, functioning and composition. Consistent differences among land uses for all three categories revealed two clear groupings. Conservation, livestock or game ranching had the lowest impact and retained substantial natural asset, while that for tourism/recreation was intermediate. All other land uses had a severe impact. Impact on biodiversity integrity depended mainly on the extent of transformation and fragmentation, which accounted for the greatest impact on habitats and species, and impairment of landscape functioning. It is suggested that a strategic intervention for maintaining biodiversity integrity of moist grassland is to support livestock or game ranching and limit ongoing urban sprawl. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Agriculture; Analytic hierarchy process; Biodiversity indicator; Ecosystem functioning; Forestry; Landscape; Livestock	analytical hierarchy process; biodiversity; bioindicator; biome; ecological impact; ecosystem function; ecosystem service; grassland; land use; article; conservation biology; controlled study; cropping system; dairying; environmental impact; environmental protection; grassland; habitat fragmentation; irrigation (agriculture); land use; landscape ecology; livestock; nonhuman; plantation; recreation; residential area; rural area; South Africa; species diversity; tourism; urban area; Agriculture; Animals; Biodiversity; Birds; Climate; Conservation of Natural Resources; Crops, Agricultural; Ecosystem; Environment; Forestry; Insects; Mammals; Poaceae; Soil; South Africa; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954722951	Case series of the long-term psychosocial impact of drug-resistant tuberculosis in HIV-negative medical doctors	Padayatchi N., Daftary A., Moodley T., Madansein R., Ramjee A.	2010	International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease	14	8	None	Centre for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa; Department of Community Health, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa; King George V Hospital, Durban, South Africa	Padayatchi, N., Centre for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa, Department of Community Health, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa; Daftary, A., Centre for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Moodley, T., Centre for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa; Madansein, R., Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa; Ramjee, A., King George V Hospital, Durban, South Africa	BACKGROUND: Health care workers (HCWs) are at greater risk for tuberculosis (TB), including multidrugresistant TB (MDR-TB), compared to the general population. The psychosocial impact of nosocomial TB on HCWs has received little attention in the literature. METHODS: A retrospective medical record review from 1999 to 2003 found 15 HCWs who were treated for drug-resistant TB at a specialist hospital in South Africa. Five human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative doctors with no predisposing factors for drug resistance are included in this case series. We collectively present their clinical case histories based on medical records from 2000 to 2005, and explore the long-term psychosocial impact of TB from interviews conducted in 2009. RESULTS: Four doctors had primary MDR-TB and one had primary resistance to multiple first-line drugs. Time from symptom onset to commencement of effective treatment ranged from 8 to 39 weeks. Time for bacteriological confirmation of drug-resistant TB ranged from 6 to 24 weeks. All were cured within 3 years of initial presentation. Content analysis of follow-up interviews revealed five main themes: 1) prolonged morbidity, 2) psychological impact, 3) poor infection control, 4) weak support structures and 5) attrition from the field. CONCLUSION: Themes emergent from this case series encourage prioritisation of TB infection control education and practice to minimise HCW morbidity and prevent HCW attrition from high-burden resource-constrained settings. © 2010 The Union.	Drug-resistant tuberculosis; Health care workers; Infection control; Psychosocial impact; South Africa	amikacin; clarithromycin; cycloserine; dexamethasone; ethambutol; ethionamide; isoniazid; ofloxacin; prednisone; pyrazinamide; rifampicin; streptomycin; terizidone; valproic acid; tuberculostatic agent; adult; antibiotic therapy; anxiety; article; bladder dysfunction; case study; clinical article; clinical effectiveness; controlled study; depression; disease predisposition; drug resistant tuberculosis; female; follow up; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infection control; insomnia; interview; limb pain; limb weakness; male; medical record review; medical specialist; morbidity; multidrug resistant tuberculosis; muscle spasm; nausea; otosclerosis; panic; physician; priority journal; pruritus; psychological aspect; retrospective study; sensory neuropathy; shoulder pain; side effect; small intestine disease; social aspect; South Africa; tinnitus; tuberculous meningitis; antibiotic resistance; attitude to health; comparative study; complication; disease transmission; incidence; Mental Disorders; multidrug resistant tuberculosis; physician; prevention and control; prognosis; psychology; questionnaire; risk factor; serodiagnosis; time; transmission; Adult; Antitubercular Agents; Attitude to Health; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Follow-Up Studies; HIV Seronegativity; Humans; Incidence; Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional; Male; Mental Disorders; Physicians; Prognosis; Questionnaires; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; South Africa; Time Factors; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant; Adult; Antitubercular Agents; Attitude to Health; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Follow-Up Studies; HIV Seronegativity; Humans; Incidence; Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional; Male; Mental Disorders; Physicians; Prognosis; Questionnaires; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; South Africa; Time Factors; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881245333	Rock type variability and impact fracture formation: Working towards a more robust macrofracture method	Pargeter J.	2013	Journal of Archaeological Science	40	11	10.1016/j.jas.2013.05.021	Centre for Anthropological Research, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States	Pargeter, J., Centre for Anthropological Research, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States	Investigations into the development of weapon systems are increasingly important in archaeological debates about human evolution and behavioural variability. 'Diagnostic' impact fractures are key, but controversial, lines of evidence commonly used in such investigations. In 2009 a series of experiments was initiated to investigate the processes associated with macrofracture formation specifically focussing on the taphonomic factors affecting the formation of 'diagnostic' impact fractures (DIFs). This paper adds to that experimental data set with macrofracture results from recent knapping experiments investigating rock type variability and DIF formation. These results show that rock type variation plays less of a role in DIF formation than variables related to use and lithic taphonomy. The collective results of this experimental series show that the location, co-occurrence, type and proximity to retouch on a tool are all important means of distinguishing between weapon and non-weapon related DIFs. Collectively these macrofracture patterns are more important in diagnosing weapon components than any one 'diagnostic' impact fracture is alone. Overall, these experimental studies are showing that background 'noise' in the form of non-hunting related impact fractures, exists in many macrofracture results and that much work remains in securing the analytical robusticity of the method. The paper concludes that the macrofracture method is not a stand-alone method, but when used with caution and in conjunction with other lines of evidence it is a useful, time-efficient, tool for generating assemblage-level use-trace data. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Diagnostic impact fractures; Experimental archaeology; Hunting; Knapping; Macrofractures; Rock types; Stone tool replication; Taphonomy; Use-wear	efficiency measurement; experimental study; fracture mechanics; hunting; impact; lithic fragment; lithology; taphonomy; tool use; weapon; wear	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247530793	Ten years hence - Has the South African choice on termination of Pregnant Act, Act 92 of 1996, realised its aims? A moral-critical evaluation	de Roubaix M.	2007	Medicine and Law	26	1	None	Centre for Applied Ethics, Department of Philosophy, University of Stellenbosch, West Cape, South Africa	de Roubaix, M., Centre for Applied Ethics, Department of Philosophy, University of Stellenbosch, West Cape, South Africa	The South African Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act (Act 92 of 1996) (CTOP) passed by parliament ten years ago, aims to promote female reproductive autonomy through legitimising free access to abortion up to 20 weeks' of gestation. The article critically evaluates CTOP and highlights three societal concerns: the effect of CTOP on the self-esteem of nurses who perform abortion; the effect on general societal morality, and its desirability. CTOP has enjoyed mixed success. On the plus side, it has furthered female reproductive autonomy, has decreased early pregnancy maternal mortality and has advanced non-racialism through equal access to safe abortion. On the minus side, it remains controversial; the majority of the population opposes abortion on request, predominantly based on religiously-informed intuitions on the value of ante-natal life. Officials and managers of public health care facilities are often obstructive, and TOP personnel victimised and socially stigmatised. An unacceptably high rate of unsafe abortion prevails, particularly in rural areas and amongst adolescents, but also in certain urban areas. The prime causes are inadequate public education, attitudinal problems, and lack of psychological support for TOP personnel, the segregation of ante-natal care and abortion services, inadequate training, research, communication and contraceptive services, absence of incentives for TOP personnel and "traditional" gender roles and male power-based domination in reproductive choices. Corrective measures include a goal directed educational programme and initiatives like value clarification workshops which have been effective in changing negative attitudes of participants, and may thus address stigmatisation, improve working conditions of TOP personnel, promote societal tolerance and acceptance, and informed consent. Of particular concern are the questions of informed consent, minors, promotion of counselling and contraceptive services (particularly for adolescents), conscientious objection and the protection of compliant (and non-compliant) personnel. ©YOZMOT 2007.	Abortion legislation; Adolescents; Birth control; Constitutional concerns; Education; Gender based domination; Minors; Pre-natal moral significance; Reproductive autonomy; Safe unsafe abortion; Self-esteem; Societal Morality; South Africa	abortion; article; birth control; contraception; fetal rights; first trimester pregnancy; gestational age; health care access; health care facility; health education; health promotion; human; illegal abortion; induced abortion; informed consent; maternal mortality; medicolegal aspect; morality; nurse attitude; patient attitude; patient autonomy; pregnancy termination; prenatal care; psychosocial care; public health; racism; religion; reproductive rights; right to life; self esteem; sex role; social desirability; social psychology; South Africa; Abortion, Legal; Female; Humans; Morals; Pregnancy; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960401536	Richards Bay Harbour: Metal exposure monitoring over the last 34years	Greenfield R., Wepener V., Degger N., Brink K.	2011	Marine Pollution Bulletin	62	8	10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.04.026	Centre for Aquatic Research, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa	Greenfield, R., Centre for Aquatic Research, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Wepener, V., Centre for Aquatic Research, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Degger, N., Centre for Aquatic Research, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Brink, K., Centre for Aquatic Research, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa	Richards Bay Harbour is South Africa's premier bulk cargo port. It was constructed in the Mhlathuze estuary in 1976 and over the past 34 years has become South Africa's most modern and largest cargo handling port. Although no official monitoring programme is in progress various studies by different groups have provided relevant data with respect to changing metal levels in brown mussel tissue (Perna perna) over the last 34 years. Eleven elements were analysed in brown mussels from the main channel in Richards Bay Harbour using ICP-MS. The results indicate that the metal concentrations in the mussel tissue remained relatively constant between 1974 and 2005. The mean metal concentrations increased significantly in 2005 possibly due to the construction of the new coal terminal and associated dredging activities. Mean metal concentrations in the 2008 sampling event were also elevated due to increased run off during an above average rainy season. © 2011.	Baseline; Long term monitoring; Metal bioaccumulation; Mussels; Perna perna	Baseline; Long term monitoring; Metal bioaccumulation; Mussels; Perna perna; Biochemistry; Cargo handling; Ports and harbors; Shellfish; Tissue; Metals; aluminum; cadmium; chromium; cobalt; copper; iron; lead; manganese; nickel; strontium; zinc; baseline conditions; bioaccumulation; bivalve; cargo handling; concentration (composition); environmental monitoring; inductively coupled plasma method; pollution exposure; port; animal tissue; article; bioaccumulation; concentration (parameters); controlled study; environmental exposure; environmental impact assessment; environmental monitoring; human activities; indicator organism; long term exposure; marine environment; mass spectrometry; mussel; nonhuman; seasonal variation; South Africa; tissue level; water flow; water sampling; Animals; Environmental Monitoring; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Mass Spectrometry; Metals; Perna; Seasons; Seawater; South Africa; KwaZulu-Natal; Mhlathuze Estuary; Richards Bay Harbour; South Africa; Perna perna	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84906244919	The usefulness of transplantation studies in monitoring of metals in the marine environment: South African experience	Greenfield R., Brink K., Degger N., Wepener V.	2014	Marine Pollution Bulletin	85	2	10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.03.032	Centre for Aquatic Research, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong; Water Research Group (Ecotoxicology), School of Biological Sciences, Unit for Environmental Science and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Greenfield, R., Centre for Aquatic Research, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Brink, K., Centre for Aquatic Research, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Degger, N., Centre for Aquatic Research, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong; Wepener, V., Water Research Group (Ecotoxicology), School of Biological Sciences, Unit for Environmental Science and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Due to their close proximity to the point sources of pollution, estuaries and harbours are exposed to metals. Mussels are used worldwide to monitor marine pollution due to their ability to take up contaminants and the ease of transplantation. Mussels were collected from two reference sites and transplanted in Richards Bay Harbour (2006 and 2010) and in three harbours. Transplanted and resident mussels were removed after 6. weeks exposure and metal concentrations were analysed using ICP-MS techniques. Transplanted mussels had higher metal concentrations than the resident mussels. This was attributed to regulation of metals by the resident mussels. Metal regulation was greater in mussels that are continuously submerged as opposed to those that undergo tidal influences. For monitoring it is essential that the reference population for transplantation is considered carefully as upwelling events in the pristine reference location results in significant increases in metal bioaccumulation. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Harbours; Metal bioaccumulation; Perna perna; Spatial and temporal	Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; Marine pollution; Molluscs; Harbours; Marine environment; Metal bioaccumulation; Metal concentrations; Perna perna; Pristine reference; Spatial and temporal; Transplanted mussels; Metals; aluminum; arsenic; cadmium; chromium; copper; indium; iron; lead; manganese; metal; nickel; strontium; zinc; metal; sea water; water pollutant; bioaccumulation; estuarine pollution; harbor; marine pollution; mollusc; point source pollution; pollution exposure; pollution monitoring; spatiotemporal analysis; transplantation; animal tissue; article; bioaccumulation; chemical analysis; chemical composition; concentration (parameters); controlled study; dry weight; environmental exposure; geographic distribution; geographic origin; intertidal zone; marine environment; mass spectrometry; metal extraction; metal metabolism; metal recovery; mussel; nonhuman; pollution monitoring; pollution transport; sea pollution; South Africa; spatiotemporal analysis; tissue distribution; water pollution indicator; analysis; animal; chemistry; environmental monitoring; Perna; procedures; water pollutant; KwaZulu-Natal; Richards Bay Harbour; South Africa; Perna perna; Animals; Environmental Monitoring; Metals; Perna; Seawater; South Africa; Water Pollutants, Chemical	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55249120938	Probabilistic risk assessment of the environmental impacts of pesticides in the Crocodile (west) Marico catchment, North-West Province	Ansara-Ross T.M., Wepener V., Van Den Brink P.J., Ross M.J.	2008	Water SA	34	5	None	Centre for Aquatic Research, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; Wageningen University, Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands; Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands	Ansara-Ross, T.M., Centre for Aquatic Research, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; Wepener, V., Centre for Aquatic Research, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; Van Den Brink, P.J., Wageningen University, Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands, Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands; Ross, M.J., Centre for Aquatic Research, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa	External agricultural inputs, such as pesticides, may pose risks to aquatic ecosystems and affect aquatic populations, communities and ecosystems. To predict these risks, a tiered approach was followed, incorporating both the PRIMET and PERPEST models. The first-tier PRIMET model is designed to yield a relatively worst-case risk assessment requiring a minimum of input data, after which the effects of the risks can be refined using a higher tier PERPEST model. The risk assessment initially depends on data supplied from local landowners, pesticide characteristic, application scheme and physical scenario of the environment under question. Preliminary results are presented, together with ecotoxicological data on several frequently-used pesticides in a section of the Crocodile (west) Marico Water Management Area (WMA) in South Africa. This area is historically known to have a high pesticide usage, with deltamethrin, aldicarb, parathion, cypermethrin and dichlorvos being the main pesticides used. Deltamethrin was indicated as having the highest probability of risks to aquatic organisms occurring in the study area. Cypermethrin, parathion, dichlorvos, carbaryl, bromoxynil, linuron, methomyl and aldicarb were all indicated as having possible risks (ETR 1-100) to the aquatic environment. Pesticides posing no risk included fenamiphos, abamectin, pendimethalin, captan, endosulfan, alachlor, bentazone and cyromazine (ETR<1). The pesticides posing a possible risk to the aquatic ecosystem were evaluated further to determine their effects on 8 grouped endpoints using the PERPEST effect model. Deltamethrin and cypermethrin were again noted as posing the greatest risk and clear effects were eminent for aquatic insects and macro-crustaceans, followed by micro-crustaceans and rotifers. High percentages of clear effects on insects were also observed for carbaryl, parathion and dichlorvos. Linuron was indicated as having minimal clear effects on community metabolism, macrophytes and phytoplankton classes, while lesser clear effects of bromoxynil occurred on periphyton communities. Application of both the lower-tier PRIMET and higher-tier PERPEST models showed similar trends in that they both ranked the top 5 pesticides in the same order of risk. This approach offers a significant improvement over the presently-used simulation models or use of safety factors. It is therefore especially useful in developing countries such as South Africa, where pesticide environmental risk information is scarce. Although these models were effectively used in this study, it still has to be validated further under South African conditions.	Aquatic ecosystem; Pesticides; Risk-assessment model	Agricultural chemicals; Aquaculture; Biochemistry; Catchments; Developing countries; Ecology; Ecosystems; Environmental impact; Herbicides; Insecticides; Pesticides; Population statistics; Probability; Risk management; Risks; Safety factor; Water management; Abamectin; Alachlor; Aldicarb; Application schemes; Aquatic ecosystem; Aquatic ecosystems; Aquatic environments; Aquatic insects; Aquatic organisms; Bentazone; Bromoxynil; Carbaryl; Cypermethrin; Deltamethrin; Dichlorvos; Ecotoxicological; Effect models; Endosulfan; Environmental risks; External-; Fenamiphos; Input datums; Linuron; Macrophytes; Methomyl; Pendimethalin; Periphyton communities; Probabilistic risk assessments; Simulation models; South Africa; Study areas; Tiered approaches; Risk assessment; aquatic ecosystem; catchment; ecotoxicology; environmental impact; environmental risk; metabolism; pesticide; risk assessment; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Alligator; Crustacea; Hexapoda; Rotifera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876317667	The impact of the EU generalized system of preferences on exports and GSP utilization by Asian and Latin American countries	Cuyvers L., Soeng R.	2013	Journal of International Trade Law and Policy	12	1	10.1108/14770021311312511	Centre for ASEAN Studies, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Centre for Regional Integration Studies, United Nations University, Bruges, Belgium; North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; National University of Management, Phnom Penh, Cambodia	Cuyvers, L., Centre for ASEAN Studies, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, Centre for Regional Integration Studies, United Nations University, Bruges, Belgium, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Soeng, R., Centre for ASEAN Studies, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, National University of Management, Phnom Penh, Cambodia	Purpose - The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of changes in the Generalized System of Preferences of the European Union, on the EU GSP imports from beneficiary countries in ASEAN and China, and Latin America, respectively, and the utilization of GSP benefits by these countries for the period 1994-2007. Design/methodology/approach - The econometric model specifications used is with unlagged and one year lagged reactions. GSP dummy variables are added in order to test whether the changes in the EU GSP has had impact on bilateral trade flows and the degree of utilization. Findings - The paper finds that EU GSP agricultural imports are negatively affected by the changes in the EU GSP system, but these of industrial products seem to have positively reacted to changes in the EU GSP. For imports of textile products, the results are not significant. It is also found that ASEAN plus China are significantly benefiting more from the EU GSP for industrial and textile products than the Latin American countries, but the changes in the GSP had no significant different effect on both groups of countries. The authors estimations also show that the graduation mechanism in the EU GSP, against beneficiary countries with higher EU market shares, seems to be effective for industrial products, but in contrast, is working in favour of such countries for textile products. By and large, the other graduation mechanism in the EU GSP linking GSP benefits and level of development of the beneficiary country has not been effective. Originality/value - The paper is the first to address the issue how the many changes in the EU GSP since 1994 have affected the exports and GSP utilization of beneficiary countries. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Developing countries; Exports; Generalized System of Preferences; Utilization	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952309981	Spotting the difference: Towards fully-automated population monitoring of African penguins Spheniscus demersus	Sherley R.B., Burghardt T., Barham P.J., Campbell N., Cuthill I.C.	2010	Endangered Species Research	11	2	10.3354/esr00267	Centre for Behavioural Biology, School of Biological Sci.ences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, United Kingdom; Animal Demography Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UB, United Kingdom; Computerised Monitoring and Biometric Identification in Natural Environments (COMBINE), Merchant Venturers Building, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UB, United Kingdom; H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom	Sherley, R.B., Centre for Behavioural Biology, School of Biological Sci.ences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, United Kingdom, Animal Demography Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Burghardt, T., Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UB, United Kingdom, Computerised Monitoring and Biometric Identification in Natural Environments (COMBINE), Merchant Venturers Building, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UB, United Kingdom; Barham, P.J., Animal Demography Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom; Campbell, N., Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UB, United Kingdom; Cuthill, I.C., Centre for Behavioural Biology, School of Biological Sci.ences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, United Kingdom	Placing external monitoring devices onto seabirds can have deleterious effects on welfare and performance, and even the most benign marking and identification methods return sparse population data at a huge time and effort cost. Consequently, there is growing interest in methods that minimise disturbance but still allow robust population monitoring. We have developed a computer vision system that automatically creates a unique biometric identifier for individual adult African penguins Spheniscus demersus using natural markings in the chest plumage and matches this against a population database. We tested this non-invasive system in the field at Robben Island, South Africa. False individual identifications of detected penguins occurred in less than 1 in 10 000 comparisons (n = 73 600, genuine acceptance rate = 96.7%) to known individuals. The monitoring capacity in the field was estimated to be above 13% of the birds that passed a camera (n = 1453). A significant increase in this lower bound was recorded under favourable conditions. We conclude that the system is suitable for population monitoring of this species: the demonstrated sensitivity is comparable to computer-aided animal biometric monitoring systems in the literature. A full deployment of the system would identify more penguins than is possible with a complete exploitation of the current levels of flipper banding at Robben Island. Our study illustrates the potential of fully-automated, non-invasive, complete population monitoring of wild animals. © Inter-Res.earch 2010.	Biometrics; Computational biology; Conservation biology; Individual recognition; Population monitoring	biometry; biomonitoring; computer vision; conservation status; population dynamics; seabird; wild population; Robben Island; South Africa; Western Cape; Animalia; Aves; Spheniscidae; Spheniscus demersus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952403882	Dietary impact on circulating glucose profiles in the white rhinoceros	Berkeley E.V., Linklater W.L., Dierenfeld E.S.	2011	Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition	95	2	10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01047.x	Centre for Biodiversity and Restoration Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand; Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Novus International, Inc., St. Charles, MO, United States	Berkeley, E.V., Centre for Biodiversity and Restoration Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand; Linklater, W.L., Centre for Biodiversity and Restoration Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Dierenfeld, E.S., Novus International, Inc., St. Charles, MO, United States	Excess dietary glucose may be a factor in several captive wildlife diseases and reproductive abnormalities. The first step in understanding the health consequences of diets high in glucose is to characterize how dietary glucose concentrations change circulating glucose profiles. We adapted the glycemic index approach to detect differences in blood glucose concentrations in white rhinos in response to different meals. Six white rhinos were fasted overnight then randomly assigned to be fed 5kg of grass hay and one of five meals varying in digestible energy (DE) availability and source (10% DE glucose, 5% DE glucose, 10% DE pelleted horse feed, 10% DE lucerne hay, 10% DE grass hay). After eating, the blood glucose response peaked 45-90min later and remained elevated up to 180min. Area under the curve results demonstrated that the blood glucose response was not different between diets. However, at 90min, serum glucose levels in rhinos eating the 10% lucerne hay diet were significantly lower than the 5% glucose and 10% glucose diets but not the 10% pellet nor 10% grass hay diets. The changes in blood glucose responses to different diets were similar in magnitude to reported domestic horse profiles but are higher than predicted by allometric scaling. We conclude that the grass hay, lucerne hay and low glycemic index horse pellets fed in this study resulted in similar blood glucose responses in white rhinos. The validation of the methodology used in this study is a first step towards elucidating the relationship between glucose, obesity, health and reproduction in rhinos. © 2010 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.	Ceratotherium simum; Oral glucose tolerance test; Perissodactyla; Zoo nutrition	glucose; animal; animal disease; animal food; article; blood; diet; female; glucose blood level; metabolism; Perissodactyla; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diet; Female; Glucose; Perissodactyla; Ceratotherium simum; Equidae; Equus caballus; Medicago sativa; Perissodactyla	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939945876	Evaluation of the ASTERTM process in the presence of suspended solids	Van Zyl A.W., Huddy R., Harrison S.T.L., Van Hille R.P.	2015	Minerals Engineering	76	None	10.1016/j.mineng.2014.11.007	Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, South Africa	Van Zyl, A.W., Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, South Africa; Huddy, R., Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, South Africa; Harrison, S.T.L., Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, South Africa; Van Hille, R.P., Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, South Africa	The ability to recycle and reuse process water is a major contributing factor toward increased sustainability in the mining industry. However, the presence of toxic compounds has prevented this in most bioleaching operations. The ASTERTM process has been used for the bioremediation of cyanide (CN) and thiocyanate (SCN-) containing effluents at demonstration and commercial scale, increasing the potential for recycling of the treated effluent. The process relies on a complex consortium of microorganisms and laboratory tests have shown that the biomass retention, in suspended flocs or attached biofilm, significantly improved SCN- degradation rates. The current research evaluated the process performance in the presence of suspended solids (up to 5.5% m/v) ahead of implementation at a site where complete tailings removal is not possible. Experiments were performed in four 1 l CSTRs (with three primary reactors in parallel at an 8 h residence time, feeding one secondary reactor at a 2.7 h residence time). Stable operation at the design specifications (5.5% solids, 100 mg/l SCN- feed, effluent SCN- <1 mg/l) was achieved within 50 days, including a period of adaptation. The pH had the most significant effect on performance, with significant inhibition below pH 6. The presence of gypsum and anhydrite phases in the fresh tailings was most likely responsible for the observed decrease in pH. A maximum SCN- degradation rate of >57 mg/l/h was achieved, despite no obvious floc formation. Microbial ecology studies (16S rRNA clone library) revealed reduced diversity relative to reactors operated without suspended solids. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Biomass retention; BIOX® process; Microbial ecology; Thiocyanate destruction	Bioremediation; Degradation; Ecology; Microbiology; Recycling; RNA; Water conservation; 16S rRNA clone libraries; Biomass retention; Contributing factor; Design specification; Microbial ecology; Process performance; Suspended solids; Thiocyanate destruction; Effluents	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77950025974	Investigating heap bioleaching: Effect of feed iron concentration on bioleaching performance	van Hille R.P., van Zyl A.W., Spurr N.R.L., Harrison S.T.L.	2010	Minerals Engineering	23	6	10.1016/j.mineng.2010.01.011	Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa	van Hille, R.P., Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; van Zyl, A.W., Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; Spurr, N.R.L., Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; Harrison, S.T.L., Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa	This paper describes an investigation into the effect of iron concentration in the leach solution on the bioleaching of a low grade copper ore, where chalcopyrite was the dominant copper sulphide. The concentration of dissolved iron is primarily controlled by pH and the relative proportion of ferric to ferrous iron, with significant jarosite precipitation occurring above pH ≈ 1.8 in a highly oxidised system. The solution pH may be increased by the dissolution of acid soluble gangue and when iron oxidation is significantly higher than sulphur oxidation. The study was approached using two experimental systems. In the former, the leach solution was recycled through an ore bed of low aspect (reactor height divided by diameter) ratio for a portion of the experiment. During the recycle phase, no acid was added to the system and acid consumption by gangue material led to a pH increase (1.6-2.2). The resulting jarosite precipitation reduced soluble iron from 2.5 g/l to less than 250 mg/l. Copper recovery decreased, but not in proportion to the decrease in iron. This was partly attributed to adsorption on, or entrainment within, the jarosites. To study the effect of reduced iron concentration on leach performance under more controlled conditions, bioleaching was performed in packed bed column reactors with feed iron concentrations ranging from 5 g/l to 200 mg/l. Observations indicated an initial decreased rate of copper liberation with reduced iron concentration in the feed. The relationship between available Fe3+ concentration and copper liberation was not proportional. However, with time, the liberation of copper became independent of iron concentration in the percolation liquor. Further, the specific rate of copper liberation was consistently below the theoretical value on a basis of ferric iron concentration. The highest values of copper liberation were reported at the lowest iron concentrations. In summary, while increased iron concentration in solution may enhance the initial rate of leaching, mineral availability appears to dominate CuFeS2 leach kinetics through the majority of the leach. Furthermore, high iron concentrations in solution aggravate jarosite formation with concomitant retention of copper in the ore bed. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Bioleaching; Hydrometallurgy; Reaction kinetics; Sulphide ores	Acid consumption; Concentration of; Controlled conditions; Copper ore; Copper recovery; Copper sulphides; Dissolved iron; Experimental system; Ferric iron; Ferrous iron; Heap bioleaching; Initial rate; Iron concentrations; Iron oxidation; Jarosite precipitation; Jarosites; Leach solutions; Low grade; Mineral availability; Packed bed column; Reduced iron; Solution pH; Sulphide ores; Theoretical values; Acids; Adsorption; Aspect ratio; Association reactions; Bioleaching; Concentration (process); Copper; Copper compounds; Dissolution; Hydrometallurgy; Iron; Metallurgy; Ores; Oxidation; Packed beds; pH; Reaction kinetics; Recycling; Solvents; Sulfur; Metal recovery	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954826741	Comparative performance of light trap types, lunar influence and sandfly abundance in Baringo district, Kenya	Kasili S., Ngumbi P.M., Koka H., Ngere F.G., Kioko E., Odemba N., Kutima H.L.	2010	Journal of Vector Borne Diseases	47	2	None	Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya; US Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Zoology, Nairobi, Kenya	Kasili, S., Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya; Ngumbi, P.M., Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya; Koka, H., US Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Ngere, F.G., US Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Kioko, E., US Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Odemba, N., US Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Kutima, H.L., Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Zoology, Nairobi, Kenya	[No abstract available]	None	animal trapping; arthropod community; article; controlled study; female; insect society; intermethod comparison; Kenya; moon; nonhuman; Phlebotomus; Phlebotomus duboscqi; phlebotomus martini; photoactivation; Psychodidae; Sergentomyia schwetzi; species distribution; species diversity; species identification; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Female; Kenya; Light; Male; Moon; Psychodidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-37249067223	From introduction to fishery dominance: The initial impacts of the invasive carp Cyprinus carpio in Lake Naivasha, Kenya, 1999 to 2006	Britton J.R., Boar R.R., Grey J., Foster J., Lugonzo J., Harper D.M.	2007	Journal of Fish Biology	71	SUPPL. D	10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01669.x	Centre for Conservation Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Conservation Sciences, Bournemouth University, Poole, Dorset, BH12 5BB, United Kingdom; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom; Department of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary University, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom; Environment Agency, Sussex Area, Worthing, West Sussex, BN11 1DH, United Kingdom; Naivasha Fisheries Department, Moi Lake Road South, Naivasha, Kenya; Department of Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom	Britton, J.R., Centre for Conservation Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Conservation Sciences, Bournemouth University, Poole, Dorset, BH12 5BB, United Kingdom; Boar, R.R., School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom; Grey, J., Department of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary University, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom; Foster, J., Environment Agency, Sussex Area, Worthing, West Sussex, BN11 1DH, United Kingdom; Lugonzo, J., Naivasha Fisheries Department, Moi Lake Road South, Naivasha, Kenya; Harper, D.M., Department of Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom	Following the accidental introduction of the carp Cyprinus carpio into Lake Naivasha during 1999, a sustainable population became rapidly established and in early 2004 became the principal species exploited in the commercial fishery. Over 9000 kg of carp were harvested from the lake between October 2005 and 2006, when fish were captured between fork lengths (LF) 200 and 800 mm (&gt;8 kg). Diet of carp &lt;100 mm LF was dominated by zooplankton, &gt;100 mm LF there was a shift to benthic macro-invertebrates, with these carp feeding principally upon food resources previously unexploited by the fish community. Contrary to predictions and despite the increasing carp abundance, there has been macrophyte regeneration in littoral areas since 2004. There have been substantial increases in areal cover, with coverage in 2006 at levels not observed since the late 1980s, and significant increases in species richness. Possible reasons for this, and the significance of this carp introduction, are discussed. © 2007 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.	Cyprinus carpio; Invasion; Macrophyte; Procambarus clarkii	Cyprinidae; Cyprinus carpio; Invertebrata; Procambarus clarkii	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349743994	Generation, mobilization and crystallization of impact-induced alkali-rich melts in granitic target rocks: Evidence from the Araguainha impact structure, central Brazil	Machado R., Lana C., Stevens G., Filho C.R.S., Reimold W.U., McDonald I.	2009	Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta	73	23	10.1016/j.gca.2009.08.029	Centre for Crustal Petrology, Department of Geology, Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag XI, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa; Departamento de Geologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade de Campinas, P.O. Box 6152, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil; Museum für Naturkunde-Leibniz Institute, Humboldt University of Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany; School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3YE, United Kingdom	Machado, R., Centre for Crustal Petrology, Department of Geology, Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag XI, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa, Departamento de Geologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade de Campinas, P.O. Box 6152, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil; Lana, C., Centre for Crustal Petrology, Department of Geology, Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag XI, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa; Stevens, G., Centre for Crustal Petrology, Department of Geology, Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag XI, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa; Filho, C.R.S., Departamento de Geologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade de Campinas, P.O. Box 6152, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil; Reimold, W.U., Museum für Naturkunde-Leibniz Institute, Humboldt University of Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany; McDonald, I., School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3YE, United Kingdom	This paper provides important insights into the generation, extraction and crystallization of clast-laden impact melt rocks from the Araguainha impact structure, central Brazil. Despite the mixed nature of the Araguainha target rocks (comprising a 2 km thick sequence of sedimentary rocks and underlying granitic basement), the exposed melt bodies are characterised by an alkali-rich granitic matrix embedding mineral and rock fragments derived only from the target granite. The melt rocks occur in the form of a massive impact melt sheet overlying the eroded central uplift structure, and as melt veins in the granite of the core of the central uplift. Bulk-rock major and trace element data (including platinum group elements) indicate that the precursor melts were generated locally, principally by partial melting of the target granite, without any contribution from the sedimentary sequence or the projectile. The dense network of melt veins was formed in isolation, by selective melting of plagioclase and alkali feldspar within the granite target. Plagioclase and alkali feldspar melted discretely and congruently, producing domains in the matrix of the melt veins, which closely match the stoichiometry of these minerals. The compositionally discrete initial melt phases migrated through a dense network of microfractures before being assembled into larger melt veins. Freezing of the melt veins was substantially fast, and the melt components were quenched in the form of alkali-feldspar and plagioclase schlieren in the matrix of the melt veins. The overlying impact melt rock is, in contrast, characterised by a granophyric matrix consisting of albite, sanidine, quartz, biotite and chlorite. In this case, melt components appear to have been more mobile and to have mixed completely to form a granitic parental melt. We relate the melting of the minerals to post-shock temperatures that exceeded the melting point of feldspars. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	None	biotite; chemical composition; chlorite; crystallization; granite; impact structure; melt; mobilization; partial melting; quartz; sanidine; stoichiometry; uplift; Brazil; South America	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953086717	Experiences in monitoring and assessment of sustainable land management	Schwilch G., Bestelmeyer B., Bunning S., Critchley W., Herrick J., Kellner K., Liniger H.P., Nachtergaele F., Ritsema C.J., Schuster B., Tabo R., van Lynden G., Winslow M.	2011	Land Degradation and Development	22	2	10.1002/ldr.1040	Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 10, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, Las Cruces, NM 88002, United States; FAO Land and Water Division, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome 00153, Italy; Centre for International Cooperation, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands; School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, South Africa; Alterra, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands; Land Degradation and Development Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands; Institute for Water, Environment and Health, United Nations University, Germany; Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA), PMB CT 173 Cantonments, Accra, Ghana; ISRIC World Soil Information, WUR, P.O. Box 353, Wageningen 6700 AJ, Netherlands; International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India	Schwilch, G., Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 10, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Bestelmeyer, B., USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, Las Cruces, NM 88002, United States; Bunning, S., FAO Land and Water Division, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome 00153, Italy; Critchley, W., Centre for International Cooperation, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Herrick, J., USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, Las Cruces, NM 88002, United States; Kellner, K., School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, South Africa; Liniger, H.P., Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 10, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Nachtergaele, F., FAO Land and Water Division, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome 00153, Italy; Ritsema, C.J., Alterra, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands, Land Degradation and Development Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands; Schuster, B., Institute for Water, Environment and Health, United Nations University, Germany; Tabo, R., Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA), PMB CT 173 Cantonments, Accra, Ghana; van Lynden, G., ISRIC World Soil Information, WUR, P.O. Box 353, Wageningen 6700 AJ, Netherlands; Winslow, M., International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India	Although sustainable land management (SLM) is widely promoted to prevent and mitigate land degradation and desertification, its monitoring and assessment (M&A) has received much less attention. This paper compiles methodological approaches which to date have been little reported in the literature. It draws lessons from these experiences and identifies common elements and future pathways as a basis for a global approach. The paper starts with local level methods where the World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies (WOCAT) framework catalogues SLM case studies. This tool has been included in the local level assessment of Land Degradation Assessment in Drylands (LADA) and in the EU-DESIRE project. Complementary site-based approaches can enhance an ecological process-based understanding of SLM variation. At national and sub-national levels, a joint WOCAT/LADA/DESIRE spatial assessment based on land use systems identifies the status and trends of degradation and SLM, including causes, drivers and impacts on ecosystem services. Expert consultation is combined with scientific evidence and enhanced where necessary with secondary data and indicator databases. At the global level, the Global Environment Facility (GEF) knowledge from the land (KM:Land) initiative uses indicators to demonstrate impacts of SLM investments. Key lessons learnt include the need for a multi-scale approach, making use of common indicators and a variety of information sources, including scientific data and local knowledge through participatory methods. Methodological consistencies allow cross-scale analyses, and findings are analysed and documented for use by decision-makers at various levels. Effective M&A of SLM [e.g. for United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)] requires a comprehensive methodological framework agreed by the major players. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Desertification; Impact assessment; Methodological framework; Monitoring; Multiple scales; Participatory approaches; Sustainable land management	Desertification; Impact assessment; Methodological frameworks; Multiple scales; Participatory approach; Sustainable land management; Climatology; Degradation; Economics; Ecosystems; Land use; Rating; desertification; environmental assessment; environmental management; environmental monitoring; land degradation; land management; participatory approach	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886792427	The Impact of Mine Downscaling on the Free State Goldfields	Marais L.	2013	Urban Forum	24	4	10.1007/s12132-013-9191-3	Centre for Development Support, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Marais, L., Centre for Development Support, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Mine downscaling is a common international phenomenon; and the deindustrialisation related to mining that occurred in the global north between 1960 and 1990 has been the focus of numerous studies. Mine downscaling in Africa, and more specifically in South Africa, has only risen to prominence in the last two decades. This paper examines the consequences of mine downscaling in the Free State Goldfields of South Africa, against the background of similar impacts in the international arena. Although many of the experiences recorded in the case study mirror the international experience, it is argued that it is probably unrealistic to expect local attempts alone to address mine downscaling, since the magnitude of such downscaling, as described in the paper, is too vast. Subsequently, the paper argues in favour of local partnerships, but with a national strategy for locations that have been affected by the impact of mine downscaling. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Free State Goldfields; Impacts; Matjhabeng; Mine closure; Mine downscaling	closure; deindustrialization; downscaling; gold mine; mining; national strategy; Free State; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951756160	Performance of community-based natural resource governance for the Kafue Flats (Zambia)	Nkhata B.A., Breen C.M.	2010	Environmental Conservation	37	3	10.1017/S0376892910000585	Centre for Environment, Agriculture and Development, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Nkhata, B.A., Centre for Environment, Agriculture and Development, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Breen, C.M., Centre for Environment, Agriculture and Development, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	The performance obstacles surrounding community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) in southern Africa have much to do with understanding of environmental governance systems and how these are devolved. CBNRM appears to be failing because of flawed environmental governance systems compounded by their ineffective devolution. A case study in Zambia is used to illustrate why and how one CBNRM scheme for the most part faltered. It draws on practical experiences involving the devolution of decision-making and benefit-distribution processes on a floodplain wetland known as the Kafue Flats. While this CBNRM scheme was designed to facilitate the devolution of key components of an environmental governance system, the resultant efforts were largely unsuccessful because of the poor social relationships between government actors and local rural communities. It is argued that in Zambia, at least from an environmental governance system perspective, CBNRM has mostly failed. While generally bringing some marginal improvements to local communities, the construction and execution of an effective environmental governance system have been largely flawed. © Foundation for Environmental Conservation 2010.	benefit distribution; CBNRM; community-based natural resource management; decision-making; devolution; environmental governance systems; Kafue Flats; Zambia	Benefit distribution; CBNRM; community-based natural resource management; devolution; environmental governance systems; Kafue Flats; Zambia; Environmental management; Natural resources management; Resource allocation; Decision making; decision making; floodplain; governance approach; natural resource; performance assessment; resource management; rural area; Kafue Flats; Zambia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864054602	An evaluation of a family support programme in the southern Free State ['n evaluasie van'n gesinsondersteuningsprogram in die Suid-Vrystaat]	Marais J.G.L., Ingle M.K., Skinner D., Sigenu K.	2012	Acta Academica	44	1	None	Centre for Development Support, University of the Free State, P O Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Unit for Research on Health and Society, University of Stellenbosch, P O Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa	Marais, J.G.L., Centre for Development Support, University of the Free State, P O Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Ingle, M.K., Centre for Development Support, University of the Free State, P O Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Skinner, D., Unit for Research on Health and Society, University of Stellenbosch, P O Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Sigenu, K., Centre for Development Support, University of the Free State, P O Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	This article details the evaluation of an NGO Family Support Programme (FSP) that was implemented in the southern Free State's Kopanong local municipality. The FSP is primarily aimed at strengthening Early Childhood Development (ECD) in what is a very socio-economically deprived environment for small children. The article argues for the critical importance of ECD within the human development paradigm. It then reports on the actual FSP assessment and advances a number of recommendations for how the initiative could be bolstered. It concludes that the FSP methodology is sound in principle and that it warrants replication at scale. © UV/UFS.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-29244438989	Farm-worker housing in South Africa: An evaluation of an off-farm housing project	Hartwig R., Marais L.	2005	Housing Studies	20	6	10.1080/02673030500291165	Centre for Development Support, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Hartwig, R., Centre for Development Support, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Marais, L., Centre for Development Support, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Although farm-worker housing has been neglected in South Africa historically, new policy, tabled in 2004, specifically targets the constraints that have been hampering delivery in rural areas. While either on- or off-farm farm-worker housing is envisioned, constraints with regard to on-farm housing and service provision, such as the prerequisite of security of tenure, prevent generalised delivery to the rural population, despite the fact that ESTA provides for security of tenure under certain conditions. There is a need to upgrade the living conditions of people on farms where they are currently residing, in order to ensure the right to adequate shelter as envisioned by the Constitution. However, under current legislation tenure rights must first be secured before such action can be taken. Research on an off-farm housing project in Bothaville was conducted in order to determine the sustainability of this approach, while simultaneously assessing the broader housing policy context, with a view to making policy recommendations. © 2005 Taylor & Francis.	Farm worker; Housing; South Africa	farm; housing policy; housing reform; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33847779261	Technologies that contribute to reducing environmental impacts of electrical production	Kahn M.T.E., Fritz W.	2006	Journal of Energy in Southern Africa	17	4	None	Centre for Distributed Power Electronic Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa; Department of Electrical Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa	Kahn, M.T.E., Centre for Distributed Power Electronic Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa; Fritz, W., Department of Electrical Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa	The World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) was attended by approximately 21 000 international delegates in Johannesburg, South Africa in 2002. The aim was to institute ecologically sound environmental management. Research has shown that fossil fuel or coal fired power plants are the major cause of air pollution in electricity generation. This paper seeks to show technologies that can contribute to reducing the environmental impacts of electricity production, via emission control systems, industry energy policy, renewable energy technologies etc. and the promotion of active research and development in alternative energy applications in Africa. Innovative energy technology research and development and applications such as smaller scale distributed generation and solid state lighting (SSL) are seen as capable of adding a positive contribution in this area.	Electrical production; Energy consumption; Energy technology; Environmental impacts; Research and development	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928669397	Synthesis and evaluation of antimicrobial properties of AZO dyes	Kofie W., Dzidzoramengor C., Adosraku R.K.	2015	International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences	7	4	None	Centre for Drug Design and Development, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Kofie, W., Centre for Drug Design and Development, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Dzidzoramengor, C., Centre for Drug Design and Development, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Adosraku, R.K., Centre for Drug Design and Development, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Objective: To synthesizeazo dyesand evaluate their antimicrobial potential. Methods: A number of azo compounds were synthesized via diazotization of primary aromatic amine and subsequent coupling with naphthols or other coupling partners. The antimicrobial properties of these azo compounds were determined against six microbial species; Staphylococcus aureus(ATCC25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC10231), Mycobacterium smegmatis (clinical strain), Micrococcus luteus(ATCC10240), Pseudomonas aureginosa (ATCC 9027) and the fungusCandida albicans(ATCC10231) using the Kirby-Bauer Standard disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC)were also determined for those compounds that exhibited antimicrobial activity. Results: Two of the azo compounds showed inhibition against microbial agents, with p-NAαN in particular exhibiting very good antimicrobial properties. However, Pseudomonas aureginosa (ATCC 9027) was resistant against all the azo compounds. Conclusion: p-NAαN showed broad spectrum of activity againstStaphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Micrococcus luteusand the fungal species Candida albicans, with p-ABAαN exhibiting activity against Candida albicans. © 2015, International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science. All rights reserved.	Antimicrobial; Azo; Diazotization; Disc diffusion method; Minimum inhibition concentration	azo dye; antimicrobial activity; Article; Candida albicans; controlled study; cross coupling reaction; diazotization; disk diffusion; drug synthesis; Escherichia coli; Micrococcus luteus; minimum inhibitory concentration; Mycobacterium smegmatis; nonhuman; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; thin layer chromatography	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883548202	Development and evaluation of the Primary Healthcare-based Physiotherapy Intervention and its effects on selected indices of stroke recovery	Olaleye O., Hamzat T., Owolabi M.	2013	International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation	20	9	None	Department of Physiotherapy, College Of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine, University Of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Olaleye, O., Department of Physiotherapy, College Of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Hamzat, T., Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine, University Of Ibadan, Nigeria; Owolabi, M., Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Aim: To develop a Primary Healthcare-Based Physiotherapy Intervention (PHCPI) that requires simple, inexpensive, easy-to-use equipment for stroke rehabilitation and evaluate its effects on selected clinical indices of recovery among post-acute stroke survivors over a 10-week period. Methods: Three databases (Medline, Pubmed and PEDro) were used to identify treatment approaches with proven efficacy. The authors synthesised these treatment approaches to develop the PHCPI, which was used in a repeated measure design involving 25 (mean age=60.6 ± 10.2 years) consenting individuals with first-incidence stroke. These individuals were treated at a primary health centre, twice weekly for 10 consecutive weeks. Outcomes were assessed using the Modified Motor Assessment Scale (MMAS), the Short Form Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (SF-PASS) and the Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNLI), before the intervention and fortnightly thereafter. Walking speed and quality of life were also assessed before the intervention and at week 10 of it. Results: Within-subject multivariate analysis, after controlling for gender, showed a significant increase in motor function, postural balance, walking speed and quality of life. Their community reintegration scores also improved over the period. Conclusion: The PHCPI resulted in improved motor function, community reintegration, walking speed, postural balance and quality of life among community-dwelling stroke survivors. This intervention can be used for stroke rehabilitation at primary health centres.	Physiotherapy intervention; Primary health care; Rehabilitation; Stroke	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750431074	Potential impacts of climate change on Sub-Saharan African plant priority area selection	McClean C.J., Doswald N., Küper W., Sommer J.H., Barnard P., Lovett J.C.	2006	Diversity and Distributions	12	6	10.1111/j.1472-4642.2006.00290.x	Centre for Ecology, Law and Policy, Environment Department, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom; School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom; Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Global Change Research Group, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, Cape Town, South Africa	McClean, C.J., Centre for Ecology, Law and Policy, Environment Department, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom; Doswald, N., School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom; Küper, W., Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Sommer, J.H., Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Barnard, P., Global Change Research Group, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, Cape Town, South Africa; Lovett, J.C., Centre for Ecology, Law and Policy, Environment Department, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom	The Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) aims to protect 50% of the most important areas for plant diversity by 2010. This study selects sets of 1-degree grid cells for 37 sub-Saharan African countries on the basis of a large database of plant species distributions. We use two reserve selection algorithms that attempt to satisfy two of the criteria set by the GSPC. The grid cells selected as important plant cells (IPCs) are compared between algorithms and in terms of country and continental rankings between cells. The conservation value of the selected grid cells are then considered in relation to their future species complement given the predicted climate change in three future periods (2025, 2055, and 2085). This analysis uses predicted climate suitability for individual species from a previous modelling exercise. We find that a country-by-country conservation approach is suitable for capturing most, but not all, continentally IPCs. The complementarity-based reserve selection algorithms suggest conservation of a similar set of grid cells, suggesting that areas of high plant diversity and rarity may be well protected by a single pattern of conservation activity. Although climatic conditions are predicted to deteriorate for many species under predicted climate change, the cells selected by the algorithms are less affected by climate change predictions than non-selected cells. For the plant species that maintain areas of climatic suitability in the future, the selected set will include cells with climate that is highly suitable for the species in the future. The selected cells are also predicted to conserve a large proportion of the species richness remaining across the continent under climate change, despite the network of cells being less optimal in terms of future predicted distributions. Limitations to the modelling are discussed in relation to the policy implications for those implementing the GSPC. © 2006 The Authors.	Africa; Climate change; Global Strategy for Plant Conservation; Important plant areas; Persistence; Reserve selection algorithms	algorithm; biodiversity; climate change; climate effect; database; nature conservation; nature reserve; persistence; plant; spatial distribution; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78149369683	Using school performance data to drive school and education district office accountability and improvement: The case of Ghana	Prew M., Quaigrain K.	2010	Educational Management Administration and Leadership	38	6	10.1177/1741143210379057	Centre for Education Policy Development (CEPD), PostNet Suite 561, Private Bag X113, Melville 2109, South Africa	Prew, M., Centre for Education Policy Development (CEPD), PostNet Suite 561, Private Bag X113, Melville 2109, South Africa; Quaigrain, K., Centre for Education Policy Development (CEPD), PostNet Suite 561, Private Bag X113, Melville 2109, South Africa	This article looks at a school management tool that allows school managers and education district offices to review the performance of their schools and use the broad-based data to undertake orchestrated planning with districts planning delivery based on the needs of schools and in support of school improvement plans. The review process also allows communities to engage with their schools and hold them accountable for their performance and to steer schools to meet community expectations. A district in northern Ghana is presented as a case study. The article concludes that this generation of school-level data and its use to inform improved planning and delivery also allows districts and schools to monitor how well they are doing in promoting access for all children to school and monitoring the quality of schooling they receive. This is critical information needed to understand the dynamics of school enrolment and drop-out and to make schools more accountable. So school performance review, as practised in Ghana, allows schools to improve while becoming more accountable to their communities. © The Author(s) 2010.	accountability; inspection; quality education; school and district leadership; school improvement; school performance review; universal primary education	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750199016	Considerations for the efficient spectral evaluation of reaction integrals associated with separated domains	Mayhew-Ridgers G., Odendaal J.W., Joubert J.	2006	IEE Proceedings: Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation	153	5	10.1049/ip-map:20050194	Centre for Electromagnetism, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Mayhew-Ridgers, G., Centre for Electromagnetism, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Odendaal, J.W., Centre for Electromagnetism, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Joubert, J., Centre for Electromagnetism, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	The authors address some aspects that have to be considered when using a recently proposed contour-deformation technique for the efficient numerical evaluation of reaction integrals arising in the spectral-domain method of moments for testing and expansion functions that exist on separated domains. The method is particularly efficient in the context of microstrip patch antenna elements and arrays where the testing and expansion functions can either be entire-domain functions on different antenna elements or where they are widely separated subdomain functions on the same or different antenna elements. However, the method becomes less efficient for testing and expansion functions that are not so widely separated. It is shown how the separation distance between the testing and expansion functions, in addition to substrate thickness, affects the behaviour of the reaction integrand and how the choice of a more suitable integration contour can simplify the numerical evaluation of the associated integral, especially for closely spaced testing and expansion functions on thick substrates, where the original method becomes less efficient. The minimum separation distance between the domains of the testing and expansion functions, that can be accommodated with this method, is also better defined. © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2006.	None	Antenna arrays; Contour measurement; Integral equations; Numerical methods; Contour-deformation techniques; Microstrip patch antenna; Reaction integrals; Spectral evaluation; Microstrip antennas	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78651240979	The effect of manufacturing and assembling tolerances on the performance of double-ridged horn antennas	Jacobs B., Odendaal J.W., Joubert J.	2010	Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications	24	10	10.1163/156939310791958761	Centre for Electromagnetism, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Jacobs, B., Centre for Electromagnetism, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Odendaal, J.W., Centre for Electromagnetism, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Joubert, J., Centre for Electromagnetism, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Double Ridged Guide Horn antennas are highly sensitive to tolerances in machining and assembly. This study shows that most of the sensitivity problems can be attributed to gaps formed between various subsections in the waveguide launcher assembly. The coaxial feeding section is especially sensitive to manufacturing tolerances. It was found that gaps between the ridges and feeding section causes deep resonances in the on axis gain. Due to the small tolerances involved, a highly detailed broadband simulation model of the antenna that includes a coaxial feeding section as well as an N-type connector had to be used in the investigation. The model is implemented in the electromagnetic simulation software package FEKO, which uses the method of moments (MoM) technique to calculate the electromagnetic fields. Gaps between the subsections of the waveguide launcher were implemented in the simulation model and compared to typical measured results. Excellent agreement between measured and simulated data is obtained. Corrective measures as well as improved designs for the waveguide launcher section are presented. © 2010 VSP.	None	Broadband simulations; Co-axial feeding; Corrective measures; Double-ridged horn; Electromagnetic simulation; Highly sensitive; Manufacturing tolerances; Measured results; Simulated data; Simulation model; Electromagnetic fields; Feeding; Launching; Manufacture; Method of moments; Waveguides; Computer simulation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939428673	Solar water heater contribution to energy savings in higher education institutions: Impact analysis	Popoola O.M., Burnier C.	2014	Journal of Energy in Southern Africa	25	1	None	Centre for Energy and Electric Power, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; ESIEE, Amiens, France; French South Africa Institute of Technology, South Africa	Popoola, O.M., Centre for Energy and Electric Power, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Burnier, C., ESIEE, Amiens, France, French South Africa Institute of Technology, South Africa	This paper focuses on the impact of Solar Water Heaters (SWH) at a higher institution of learning. An energy audit was conducted for the evaluation of the energy conservation measure: energy conoduction Energy is a key element in the development of any country or institution; as a result any shortage in energy will have a serious effect on the economy and social aspect of such country or institution. South Africa has, in recent years, experienced high economic growth as well as a rapid expansion in the elsumption analysis, correlation of consumption with weather; financial criteria, payback period and needed solar heater system (SWH) to determine the energy that may be termed as wastage or can be saved. The method of investigation includes assessment of the hot water usage within the institution campus and residencies, analysis of bills, metering and development of a software model for the analysis of energy use, system needed and environmental variables. This renewable measure (SWH) showed a high potential of energy and financial savings for higher education institutions especially those with residences.	Energy; Software development and validation; Solar water heater	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953252394	Monitoring solar home systems with pulse width modulation charge control	Williams N.J., Van Dyk E.E., Vorster F.J.	2011	Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, Transactions of the ASME	133	2	10.1115/1.4003586	Centre for Energy Research, Department of Physics, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	Williams, N.J., Centre for Energy Research, Department of Physics, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Van Dyk, E.E., Centre for Energy Research, Department of Physics, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Vorster, F.J., Centre for Energy Research, Department of Physics, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	With the high cost of grid extension and approximately 1.6 billion people still living without electrical services, the solar home system is an important technology in the alleviation of rural energy poverty across the developing world. The performance monitoring and analysis of these systems provide insights leading to improvements in system design and implementation in order to ensure high quality and robust energy supply in remote locations. Most small solar home systems now use charge controllers using pulse width modulation (PWM) to regulate the charge current to the battery. A rapid variation in current and voltage resulting from PWM creates monitoring challenges, which, if not carefully considered in the design of the monitoring system, can result in the erroneous measurement of photovoltaic (PV) power. In order to characterize and clarify the measurement process during PWM, a mathematical model was developed to reproduce and simulate measured data. The effects of matched scan and PWM frequency were studied with the model, and an algorithm was devised to select appropriate scan rates to ensure that a representative sample of measurements is acquired. Furthermore, estimation methods were developed to correct for measurement errors due to factors such as nonzero "short circuit" voltage and current/voltage peak mismatches. A more sophisticated algorithm is then discussed to more accurately measure PV power using highly programmable data loggers. The results produced by the various methods are compared and reveal a significant error in the measurement of PV power without corrective action. Estimation methods prove to be effective in certain cases but are susceptible to error during conditions of variable irradiance. The effect of the measurement error has been found to depend strongly on the duty cycle of PWM as well as the relationship between scan rate and PWM frequency. The energy measurement error over 1 day depends on insolation and system conditions as well as on system design. On a sunny day, under a daily load of about 20 A h, the net error in PV energy is found to be 1%, whereas a system with a high initial battery state of charge under similar conditions and no load produced an error of 47.6%. This study shows the importance of data logger selection and programming in monitoring accurately the energy provided by solar home systems. When appropriately considered, measurement errors can be avoided or reduced without investment in more expensive measurement equipment. © 2011 American Society of Mechanical Engineers.	measuring errors; monitoring; pulse width modulation; solar home system	Battery state of charge; Charge control; Charge controllers; Charge current; Corrective actions; Data logger; Developing world; Duty cycles; Electrical services; Energy measurements; Estimation methods; Grid extension; High costs; High quality; Measured data; Measurement equipment; Measurement process; Measuring errors; Monitoring system; No load; Performance monitoring and analysis; Pulse width; PV energy; Rapid variation; Remote location; Representative sample; Robust energy; Rural energy; Scan rates; Short circuit; solar home system; System conditions; System design; Algorithms; Design; Developing countries; Energy utilization; Estimation; Instruments; Investments; Lead acid batteries; Mathematical models; Measurement errors; Modulation; Potential flow; Pulse width modulation; Solar buildings; Solar energy; Systems analysis; Monitoring	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937032833	The optical design and performance of a concentrator photovoltaic module	Schultz R.D., van Dyk E.E., Vorster F.J.	2015	Journal of Energy in Southern Africa	26	2	None	Centre for Energy Research, Department of Physics, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa	Schultz, R.D., Centre for Energy Research, Department of Physics, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; van Dyk, E.E., Centre for Energy Research, Department of Physics, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Vorster, F.J., Centre for Energy Research, Department of Physics, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa	Concentration photovoltaic (CPV) modules promise a more efficient, higher power output than traditional photovoltaic modules. This is achieved by concentrating sunlight onto a small 1 cm2 concentrator triple-junction (CTJ) InGaP/InGaAs/Ge cell by using high quality precision optics. In order to achieve high energy performance and reliability, well thought-out design decisions must be made in the development of a CPV module. This paper investigates the design of two CPV modules (Module I and II), which are based on the Sandia III Baseline Fresnel module. The investigation concentrated on the effect of the optimization of the optical design on the electrical performance characteristics of CTJ cells with good thermal dissipation. The best performance achieved by Module I was at 336 times operational concentration (Xo), which produced a Pmax of 10.29 W per cell, with cell and module efficiencies of 39% and 24%, respectively. In the development of the second module (Module II) pre-deployment criteria such as the CTJ cell and system components characteristics was used to eliminate faulty components from the system what was observed in Module I. Cell units that were optimized in Module II showed no form of degradation in their Current-Voltage (I-V) characteristics. The cell unit operating under optical misalignment showed a progressive degradation with long term operation in the field.	Concentrated triple junction cells; Concentrator photovoltaics; Degradation; Efficiency	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-60649115420	Valuing the Guinea current large marine ecosystem: Estimates of direct output impact of relevant marine activities	Chukwuone N.A., Ukwe C.N., Onugu A., Ibe C.A.	2009	Ocean and Coastal Management	52	42433	10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2008.12.008	Centre for Entrepreneurship and Development Research, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Water Management Unit, Energy and Cleaner Production Branch, United Nations Industrial Development Organization, VIC Box 300, A-1400 Vienna, Austria; Bioresources Development and Conservation programme (BDCP), Abuja, Nigeria; Interim Guinea Current Commission, 1 Akosombo Street, Airport Residential Area, Accra, Ghana	Chukwuone, N.A., Centre for Entrepreneurship and Development Research, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria, Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Ukwe, C.N., Water Management Unit, Energy and Cleaner Production Branch, United Nations Industrial Development Organization, VIC Box 300, A-1400 Vienna, Austria; Onugu, A., Bioresources Development and Conservation programme (BDCP), Abuja, Nigeria; Ibe, C.A., Interim Guinea Current Commission, 1 Akosombo Street, Airport Residential Area, Accra, Ghana	This study is a first step towards valuing the Guinea Current Large Marine Ecosystem (GCLME), one of the five world's most productive marine areas that are rich in fishery resources, petroleum production, and an important global region of marine biological diversity. The area is highly degraded and thus demands urgent attention to recover and sustain depleted fisheries; restore degraded habitats; and reduce land and ship-based pollutions. Achieving this goal would be a mirage if the actual value of the ecosystem's contribution to the society is not known. Valuation can help identify the main beneficiaries of conservation and the magnitude of benefits they receive, and help design measures to capture some of these benefits and contribute to financing of conservation. Hence this study used the direct output approach to estimate the value of relevant marine activities in the area. The result shows that the total value of output in GCLME when some outputs namely, marine fishery, offshore oil production, NTFP (periwinkle) and mining, are considered as $49,941.4 million. Among these uses, offshore oil production has the highest value accounting for 59.79% of the total estimate. These estimates provides sufficient evidence to show that GCLME provide enormous value and should be managed appropriately to sustain the gains if the economic development would be guaranteed especially considering that most countries in the GCLM depend on natural resources for their survival. Evolving a well defined property rights regime and an efficient governance system for management is recommended. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	None	Ecosystems; Fisheries; Ocean currents; Offshore oil fields; Biological diversities; Design measures; Economic development; Fishery resources; Global regions; Governance systems; Large marine ecosystems; Marine areas; Marine fisheries; Offshore oil productions; Petroleum productions; Property rights; Total values; Offshore oil well production; anthropogenic effect; biodiversity; conservation; human activity; marine ecosystem; marine pollution; Africa; Guinea; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Catharanthus roseus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866644307	Evaluation of non-user benefits towards improvement of water and sanitation services in informal settlements	Kobel D., Del Mistro R.	2012	Urban Water Journal	9	5	10.1080/1573062X.2012.682590	Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Kobel, D., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Del Mistro, R., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Many municipalities in developing cities are faced with the challenge of providing water and sanitation to ever-growing populations that cannot afford to pay for the services. This challenge calls for solutions that link equity considerations to cost recovery, and may require society to re-evaluate its perspectives on the value of urban water services. This paper explores the potential of non-user benefits as drivers of value and measures the trade-offs that "non-poor" residents were willing to make for the reductions in public health, social and economic costs when levels of service in informal settlements are improved. The study finds that people are sensitive to the public health impacts, and when given the choice of location of settlement to improve, and the means through which to make payment, would be willing to pay 6500 UGX (approx. $2.83) per household per month to install yard facilities in an informal settlement located nearest to their neighbourhood and with payment made through a special purpose vehicle. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	non-user benefits; urban poor; urban water services; valuation	developing world; informal settlement; location decision; low income population; neighborhood; public health; sanitation; socioeconomic impact; trade-off; urban population; valuation; water use	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928239277	Asymmetric impacts of the determinants of energy intensity in Nigeria	Adom P.K.	2015	Energy Economics	49	None	10.1016/j.eneco.2015.03.027	Centre for Environmental and Resource Economics (CERE), Department of Forest Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden; Department of Banking and Finance, University of Professional Studies, Accra, Ghana	Adom, P.K., Centre for Environmental and Resource Economics (CERE), Department of Forest Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden, Department of Banking and Finance, University of Professional Studies, Accra, Ghana	This study analysed the problem of energy intensity determinants in Nigeria based on the fully modified OLS and canonical cointegration regressions. These methods were preferred since they are able to deal effectively with the second-order bias problems, an often characteristics of time series data. The impacts of price of crude oil, FDI, trade openness and industry structure are asymmetric which suggests the presence of structural effects in parameters. The impact of crude oil price is negative but becomes stronger post-1989 saving .126% more in energy consumption relative to pre-1989. Also, the impacts of FDI and trade openness are negative and significant but become stronger post-1989 saving 11.2% and 0.8% more in energy consumption relative to the baseline, respectively for every one percentage point increase in FDI and trade openness. The impact of industry value-added is positive and significant but weakens after 1989 consuming 1.8% less in energy for every one percentage point increase in industry value-added relative to the baseline. The energy reducing effect of industry value-added post-1989 reflects improvements in the technical characteristics of industrial sector in Nigeria. Last, the result showed that the absorptive capability and industry characteristics of Nigeria are important determinants of how FDI affects energy intensity. This implies that a more integrated FDI programme (considering the country characteristics) rather than a 'one-fit-all' programme is preferable. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Absorptive capability; Asymmetric effects; Energy intensity; Nigeria	Commerce; Crude oil; Oil shale; Absorptive capability; Asymmetric effects; Energy intensity; Industrial sector; Industry characteristics; Industry structures; Nigeria; Percentage points; Energy utilization; consumption behavior; crude oil; energy market; foreign direct investment; industrial structure; price dynamics; regression analysis; time series; trade; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955078055	Implications of climate change for agricultural sector performance in Africa: Policy challenges and research agenda	Hassan R.M.	2010	Journal of African Economies	19	SUPPL. 2	10.1093/jae/ejp026	Centre for Environmental Economics and Policy Analysis in Africa (CEEPA), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Hassan, R.M., Centre for Environmental Economics and Policy Analysis in Africa (CEEPA), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	The paper analysed how climate change (CC) has shaped African agriculture in the past and how it might impact on African farm economies in the future and what adaptation strategies African farmers have adopted to cope with these changes. The analyses covered all key farming systems and agro-climates of Africa in 11 countries in which data were collected from over 10,000 farm household surveys. Results provided evidence that African agriculture and the welfare of its rural population are vulnerable to CC. The highest risk of future CC damages is associated with specialised crop and livestock farming (mono systems) particularly under dryland conditions in arid and semi-arid regions. This indicates how difficult it is to achieve an African green revolution under the current high reliance on dryland systems (more than 95% of the land) given predicted harsh future climates (warmer and dryer projections) for most of the dryland areas in Africa. It will require substantial public and private investments in expanding irrigation and development of crop var-ieties and animal breeds that are tolerant to heat, water and low fertility stres-ses, and in building roads and marketing infrastructures that will improve access to critical inputs (e.g., fertiliser) and output trade. This essentially requires mainstreaming climate sensitivity as an integral component of all agricultural and broader economic development planning and policy design. Although the expected damages are large, many farming systems and communities in Africa face serious limiting conditions which reduce their ability to adapt and hence increase their vulnerability. Among the key factors found to constrain African farmers' ability to adopt effective adaptation measures are poor access to information, capital, technology and markets. Policies aimed at promoting farm-level adaptation need to emphasise the critical role of farmers' education; provision of improved climate, production and market information and the means to implement adaptations through affordable credit facilities. Other needed public interventions to help promote adaptation measures and reduce vulnerability include insurance against climate risks to farmers and provision of safety nets. © The author 2010. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Centre for the Study of African Economies. All rights reserved.	None	adaptive management; agricultural development; agricultural economics; agricultural policy; arid region; capital market; climate change; crop production; economic development; economic planning; farming system; green revolution; irrigation; livestock farming; policy development; semiarid region; Africa; Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954222893	The impact of water quality on informally-declared heritage sites: A preliminary study	Vos A.T., Cawood S.	2010	Water SA	36	2	None	Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Centre for Africa Studies, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Vos, A.T., Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Cawood, S., Centre for Africa Studies, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	The current study is an attempt to gauge the impact of water quality on 2 sacred sites in the eastern Free State, Mautse and Motouleng, which are informally-declared heritage sites, as well as the consequent implications for matters of living heritage as pertaining to the specific sites. The informally-constituted communities at the sacred sites are dependent on freshwater sources where water use, sanitation and waste disposal are unmanaged activities. The sustainability of informally-declared heritage sites may be uncertain due to factors relating to water quality. Water samples were collected for physical, chemical and biological analyses. The latter comprised algal and bacterial analyses which included testing for concentrations of faecal coliforms, where concentrations above 20 cfu/100 mℓ indicates a significant risk of infectious disease transmission (domestic use) and concentrations above 200 cfu/100 mℓ points to a significant infection risk for young livestock. Water quality is discussed in terms of human, animal and ecological risk, which may threaten the heritage and the economic subsistence based on the heritage at both sites.	Faecal coliforms; Heritage; Informally-declared heritage sites; Water quality	Bacterial analysis; Biological analysis; Domestic use; Ecological risks; Faecal coliforms; Free state; Freshwater sources; Heritage; Heritage sites; Infectious disease; Specific sites; Water samples; Water use; Agriculture; Waste disposal; Water quality; Water supply; Water pollution; biological analysis; disease transmission; environmental risk; fecal coliform; heritage conservation; infectious disease; physicochemical property; risk factor; sanitation; subsistence; sustainability; waste disposal; water quality; water use; Free State; South Africa; algae; Animalia; Bacteria (microorganisms)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77950075034	The impact of tropospheric ozone pollution on trial plot winter wheat yields in Great Britain - An econometric approach	Kaliakatsou E., Bell J.N.B., Thirtle C., Rose D., Power S.A.	2010	Environmental Pollution	158	5	10.1016/j.envpol.2009.10.033	Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Department of Agricultural Economics Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom	Kaliakatsou, E., Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Bell, J.N.B., Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Thirtle, C., Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom, Department of Agricultural Economics Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Rose, D., Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom; Power, S.A., Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom	Numerous experiments have demonstrated reductions in the yields of cereal crops due to tropospheric O3, with losses of up to 25%. However, the only British econometric study on O3 impacts on winter wheat yields, found that a 10% increase in AOT40 would decrease yields by only 0.23%. An attempt is made here to reconcile these observations by developing AOT40 maps for Great Britain and matching levels with a large number of standardised trial plot wheat yields from many sites over a 13-year period. Panel estimates (repeated measures on the same plots with time) show a 0.54% decrease in yields and it is hypothesised that plant breeders may have inadvertently selected for O3 tolerance in wheat. Some support for this is provided by fumigations of cultivars of differing introduction dates. A case is made for the use of econometric as well as experimental studies in prediction of air pollution induced crop loss. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Econometrics; Trial plot data; Tropospheric ozone; Winter wheat; Yield loss	Cereal crop; Crop loss; Experimental studies; Great Britain; Plant breeders; Repeated measures; Tropospheric O; Tropospheric ozone; Wheat yield; Winter wheat; Air quality; Crops; Ozone; Troposphere; atmospheric pollution; crop yield; cultivar; econometrics; fumigation; ozone; troposphere; wheat; air pollution; article; controlled study; cultivar; environmental monitoring; filtration; geographic distribution; grain yield; nonhuman; ozone layer; plant leaf; reduction; rural area; senescence; soil fumigation; statistical model; troposphere; United Kingdom; winter wheat; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Biomass; Great Britain; Ozone; Triticum; United Kingdom; Triticum aestivum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650143643	Impact of climate variability on tomato production in Limpopo province, South Africa	Tshiala M.F., Olwoch J.M.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	21	None	Centre for Environmental Studies and Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Tshiala, M.F., Centre for Environmental Studies and Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Olwoch, J.M., Centre for Environmental Studies and Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	The relationship between tomato production, monthly average temperature and seasonal average temperature in Limpopo province, South Africa during the period of 1971 - 2006 were investigated using statistical regression analysis methods. The motivation for selecting Limpopo in this study lies in the 66% tomato contribution to the tomato industry in South Africa. The results showed yearly peak values of tomato in the range of 200 000 - 228 000 tons from year 2000 to 2006. In this study, we analyzed the correlation of tomato records in Limpopo with climatic variables in order to assess the climate change effects of tomato production and food security in South Africa. Our results show that tomato yield increased by a factor of two from 1971 to 2006. Particularly, during autumn, spring, summer and winter, tomato yield increased by a factor of two respectively. It is noteworthy that the majority of months registered positive trends in tomato production, except February and June. These could be attributed to the application of robust farming practices and improved technology over the same period. However, from the trend analysis, results demonstrate that there are possible negative impacts of climate change on crop yield, especially on farmers without advanced technology and good modern agricultural practices. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Climate change; Climate variability; Limpopo; South Africa; Temperature; Tomato production	Lycopersicon esculentum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927515726	Evaluation of the environmental and social sustainability policy of a mass tourism resort: A narrative account	Swart I.	2012	HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies	68	1	10.4102/hts.v68i1.1264	Centre for Environmental Studies, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Swart, I., Centre for Environmental Studies, University of Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Geography, Geo-Informatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, South Africa	The recordation of the life stories of individuals residing in the community of Ledig, who have been dependent on the Sun City Resort situated in the Pilanesberg area in the North West Province of South Africa for their quality of life for more than 20 years, provided the basis for the evaluation of the environmental and social sustainability of this micro-cosmos on a multidisciplinary level. This study focused on the hermeneutical arch of narrative theory within the framework of human geography and sustainability science. The natural environment was evaluated for the role it plays in the sustainability of the livelihoods of the Ledig community members as well as the institutional life of the Sun City Resort. The results of this study suggested that the environmental policy for the Sun City Resort, formalised in 2004, has been guiding the Sun City Resort to contribute positively to the sustainability of the area. The study also demonstrated that a focus on the next generation of potential employees and the environmental education of all the communities were crucial to ensure the resilience of the social and ecological capacity of the area. © 2012. The Authors.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855973874	Reading between the lines: contributing factors that affect Grade 5 student reading performance as measured across South Africa's 11 languages	van Staden S., Howie S.	2012	Educational Research and Evaluation	18	1	10.1080/13803611.2011.641270	Centre for Evaluation and Assessment, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	van Staden, S., Centre for Evaluation and Assessment, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Howie, S., Centre for Evaluation and Assessment, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	This article reports on the South African results of a study to identify and explain relationships between some major factors associated with successful reading at Grade 5. With 11 official languages, educational policy in South Africa advocates an additive bilingualism model, and students in Grades 1 to 3 are taught in their mother tongue. Thereafter, the language of learning and teaching changes to a second language, which in most cases is English. With this complexity of issues, hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was used to determine the effect of a number of explanatory variables at student and school level on reading achievement as outcome variable, while controlling for language using the South African Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) 2006 data. Utilizing Creemers' comprehensive model of educational effectiveness (Creemers & Reezigt, 1999) as theoretical point of departure, this article will focus on the results of an overall South African model with student- and school-level variables. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	educational policies; PIRLS 2006; reading literacy; secondary analysis	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955025949	Finding the best fit: The adaptation and translation of the performance indicators for primary schools for the South African context	Archer E., Scherman V., Robert C., Howie S.J.	2010	Perspectives in Education	28	1	None	Centre for Evaluation and Assessment, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Curriculum Evaluation and Management Centre, University of Durham, United Kingdom	Archer, E., Centre for Evaluation and Assessment, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Scherman, V., Centre for Evaluation and Assessment, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Robert, C., Curriculum Evaluation and Management Centre, University of Durham, United Kingdom; Howie, S.J., Centre for Evaluation and Assessment, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Reform and improvement are imperative in the current South African education system. Monitoring of school and learner achievement is an essential for establishing praxis for school improvement. Diversity of culture and South Africa's 11 official languages make it difficult to develop valid monitoring systems. Limited resources, time constraints and the need to redress neglect of large portions of the education infrastructure from the apartheid era make it problematic to develop new monitoring systems for all official languages. Adaptation and translation of existing international monitoring instruments provide alternative solutions to developing new monitoring systems. Adaptation and translation of existing instruments is a daunting process, which balances statistical analysis, translation processes and user and expert evaluations. We investigate how to balance these different processes in order to create an instrument that provides valid data for educational decisions. The processes utilised in the adaptation and translation of the vocabulary subtest of the Performance Indicators for Primary Schools (PIPS) test for the South African context are used to illustrate the complex interplay between user and expert input as well as psychometric rigour. It is hoped this paper will contribute to the development of the necessary instrument adaptation skills in South Africa.	Expert and user collaboration; Instrument adaptation and contextualisation; Rasch analysis; Translation of assessment instruments	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878084570	Effective or just practical? An evaluation of an online postgraduate module on evidence-based medicine (EBM)	Rohwer A., Young T., Van Schalkwyk S.	2013	BMC Medical Education	13	1	10.1186/1472-6920-13-77	Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl drive, Parow 7500, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Cochrane Centre, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa; Centre for Health Professions Education, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl drive, Parow 7500, Cape Town, South Africa	Rohwer, A., Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl drive, Parow 7500, Cape Town, South Africa; Young, T., Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl drive, Parow 7500, Cape Town, South Africa, South African Cochrane Centre, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa; Van Schalkwyk, S., Centre for Health Professions Education, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl drive, Parow 7500, Cape Town, South Africa	Background: Teaching the steps of evidence-based medicine (EBM) to undergraduate as well as postgraduate health care professionals is crucial for implementation of effective, beneficial health care practices and abandonment of ineffective, harmful ones. Stellenbosch University in Cape Town, South Africa, offers a 12-week, completely online module on EBM within the Family Medicine division, to medical specialists in their first year of training. The aim of this study was to formatively evaluate this module; assessing both the mode of delivery; as well as the perceived effectiveness and usefulness thereof. Methods. We used mixed methods to evaluate this module: A document review to assess whether the content of the module reflects important EBM competencies; a survey of the students to determine their experiences of the module; and semi-structured interviews with the tutors to explore their perspectives of the module. Ethics approval was obtained. Results: The document review indicated that EBM competencies were covered adequately, although critical appraisal only focused on randomised controlled trials and guidelines. Students had a positive attitude towards the module, but felt that they needed more support from the tutors. Tutors felt that students engaged actively in discussions, but experienced difficulties with understanding certain concepts of EBM. Furthermore, they felt that it was challenging explaining these via the online learning platform and saw the need to incorporate more advanced technology to better connect with the students. In their view the key to successful learning of EBM was to keep it relevant and applicable to everyday practice. Tutors also felt that an online module on EBM was advantageous, since doctors from all over the world were able to participate. Conclusion: Our study has shown that the online module on EBM was effective in increasing EBM knowledge and skills of postgraduate students and was well received by both students and tutors. Students and tutors experienced generic challenges that accompany any educational intervention of EBM (e.g. understanding difficult concepts), but in addition had to deal with challenges unique to the online learning environment. Teachers of EBM should acknowledge these so as to enhance and successfully implement EBM teaching and learning for all students. © 2013 Rohwer et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Evaluation; Evidence-based medicine; Online learning; Postgraduate	article; education; evaluation study; evidence based medicine; human; medical education; methodology; standard; teaching; education; evidence based medicine; medical education; procedures; standards; teaching; Computer-Assisted Instruction; Education, Medical, Continuing; Educational Measurement; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Computer-Assisted Instruction; Education, Medical, Continuing; Educational Measurement; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867066550	Performance of the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale in a sample of children and adolescents from poor urban communities in Cape Town	Boyes M.E., Cluver L.D.	2013	European Journal of Psychological Assessment	29	2	10.1027/1015-5759/a000134	Centre for Evidence-Based Intervention, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Wolfson College, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom	Boyes, M.E., Centre for Evidence-Based Intervention, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, United Kingdom, Wolfson College, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom; Cluver, L.D., Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa	The Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) is regularly used with South African children, although its performance in this context has yet to be empirically evaluated. This study assessed the basic psychometric properties of the RCMAS using data collected in a large study examining the mental health of children and adolescents living in poor urban communities around Cape Town. Reliability of the full-scale was good, and the predicted relationships between anxiety, depression, PTSD, delinquency, age, sex, and somaticism scores offered evidence of construct validity. However, the reliabilities for the physiological, worry/oversensitivity, and concentration subscales were low, and confirmatory factor analysis revealed the hypothesized three-factor model did not adequately fit the data. Exploratory analyses suggested a four-factor solution consisting of social evaluation, worry, affective responses, and physiological symptoms/sleep disturbance factors. Further confirmatory research examining this four-factor structure is needed. Given the continued use of the RCMAS in South Africa, these findings provide an important first step in establishing its reliability and validity for use with South African youth; however, scores obtained on the three subscales should be interpreted with caution and further detailed psychometric evaluation of the RCMAS in South African samples is clearly required. © 2012 Hogrefe Publishing.	Adolescents; Anxiety; Measurement; Psychometric; South Africa	None	None
None	None	Evaluation of two methods of estimating larval habitat productivity in western Kenya highlands	Kweka E.J., Zhou G., Lee M.-C., Gilbreath T.M., Mosha F., Munga S., Githeko A.K., Yan G.	2011	Parasites and Vectors	4	1	10.1186/1756-3305-4-110	Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P. O. Box 1578, Kisumu 40100, Kenya; Kilimanjaro Christian Medical, College of Tumaini University, P. O. Box 2240, Moshi, Tanzania; Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States	Kweka, E.J., Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P. O. Box 1578, Kisumu 40100, Kenya, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical, College of Tumaini University, P. O. Box 2240, Moshi, Tanzania; Zhou, G., Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States; Lee, M.-C., Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States; Gilbreath, T.M., Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States; Mosha, F., Kilimanjaro Christian Medical, College of Tumaini University, P. O. Box 2240, Moshi, Tanzania; Munga, S., Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P. O. Box 1578, Kisumu 40100, Kenya; Githeko, A.K., Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P. O. Box 1578, Kisumu 40100, Kenya; Yan, G., Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States	Background: Malaria vector intervention and control programs require reliable and accurate information about vector abundance and their seasonal distribution. The availability of reliable information on the spatial and temporal productivity of larval vector habitats can improve targeting of larval control interventions and our understanding of local malaria transmission and epidemics. The main objective of this study was to evaluate two methods of estimating larval habitat productivity in the western Kenyan highlands, the aerial sampler and the emergence trap. Methods. The study was conducted during the dry and rainy seasons in 2008, 2009 and 2010. Aerial samplers and emergence traps were set up for sixty days in each season in three habitat types: drainage ditches, natural swamps, and abandoned goldmines. Aerial samplers and emergence traps were set up in eleven places in each habitat type. The success of each in estimating habitat productivity was assessed according to method, habitat type, and season. The effect of other factors including algae cover, grass cover, habitat depth and width, and habitat water volume on species productivity was analysed using stepwise logistic regression. Results: Habitat productivity estimates obtained by the two sampling methods differed significantly for all species except for An. implexus. For for An. gambiae s.l. and An. funestus, aerial samplers performed better, 21.5 and 14.6 folds, than emergence trap respectively, while the emergence trap was shown to be more efficient for culicine species. Seasonality had a significant influence on the productivity of all species monitored. Dry season was most productive season. Overall, drainage ditches had significantly higher productivity in all seasons compared to other habitat types. Algae cover, debris, chlorophyll-a, and habitat depth and size had significant influence with respect to species. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the aerial sampler is the better of the two methods for estimating the productivity of An. gambiae s.l. and An. funestus in the western Kenya highlands and possibly other malaria endemic parts of Africa. This method has proven to be a useful tool for monitoring malaria vector populations and for control program design, and provides useful means for determining the most suitable sites for targeted interventions. © 2011 Kweka et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	air sampling; algal community; Anopheles; anopheles coustani; anopheles funestus; Anopheles gambiae; Anopheles implexus; Anopheles squamous; Anopheles zeimann; article; controlled study; Culex; grass; habitat structure; irrigation (agriculture); Kenya; larva; microhabitat; mining; nonhuman; parasite vector; population productivity; seasonal variation; species difference; species habitat; swamp; animal; comparative study; ecosystem; evaluation; female; growth, development and aging; larva; methodology; mosquito; zoology; algae; Animals; Culicidae; Ecosystem; Entomology; Female; Kenya; Larva	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908105890	The last one heard: The importance of an early-stage participatory evaluation for programme implementation	Gilmore B., Vallières F., McAuliffe E., Tumwesigye N.M., Muyambi G.	2014	Implementation Science	9	1	10.1186/s13012-014-0137-5	Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, 7-9 Leinster Street South, Dublin 2, Ireland; School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; World Vision Uganda, Kisozi Complex, Kampala, Uganda	Gilmore, B., Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, 7-9 Leinster Street South, Dublin 2, Ireland; Vallières, F., Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, 7-9 Leinster Street South, Dublin 2, Ireland; McAuliffe, E., Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, 7-9 Leinster Street South, Dublin 2, Ireland; Tumwesigye, N.M., School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Muyambi, G., World Vision Uganda, Kisozi Complex, Kampala, Uganda	Background: The systematic involvement of project beneficiaries in community maternal and child health programmes remains low and limited, especially during the formative stages of the project cycle. Understanding how positive and negative feedbacks obtained from communities can subsequently be used to inform and iterate existing programmes is an important step towards ensuring the success of community health workers for maternal and child health programming and, ultimately, for improving health outcomes.Methods: The study took place over a period of 4 weeks in North Rukiga, Kabale District of southwestern Uganda. Using a cross-sectional qualitative study that employed an epistemological approach of phenomenology, nine focus group discussions and eight in-depth interviews were conducted with a total of 76 female participants across six different sites. Women were identified as either users or non-users of the maternal and child health programme. Purposeful sampling was employed to recruit women from six different locations within the programme catchment area. Translated and transcribed transcripts were subjected to a bottom-up thematic analysis using NVivo 10 Software, whereby themes were arrived at inductively. Results: Predominant themes emerging from the focus groups and key informant interviews identified early trends in programme strengths. Beneficiaries reported confidence in both the programme and the relationships they had forged with community health workers, exhibited pride in the knowledge they had received, and described improved spousal involvement. Beneficiaries also identified a number of programme challenges including barriers to adopting the behaviours promoted by the programme, and highlighted issues with programme dependency and perceived ownership. It also emerged that community health workers were not reaching the entire population of intended programme beneficiaries. Conclusions: This research provides support for the importance of an early-stage participatory evaluation of beneficiaries' perceptions of newly initiated health programmes. Our results support how evaluations conducted in the early phases of programme implementation can provide valuable, timely feedback as well as yield recommendations for programme adjustment or re-alignment, and in turn, better meet end-user expectations. Potential reasons for the observed lack of community participation in early stages of programme implementation are considered. © 2014 Gilmore et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Community health workers; Evaluation; Maternal and child health; Participation; Programme implementation; Project cycle	adolescent; adult; attitude to health; child; child health care; cross-sectional study; female; health auxiliary; health care planning; health service; human; human relation; organization and management; patient compliance; patient satisfaction; pregnancy; pregnancy outcome; pregnant woman; professional standard; program evaluation; psychology; social support; spouse; standards; statistics and numerical data; supply and distribution; Uganda; utilization; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; Attitude to Health; Child; Child Health Services; Community Health Workers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health Plan Implementation; Humans; Maternal Health Services; Patient Compliance; Patient Satisfaction; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Pregnant Women; Professional Role; Professional-Patient Relations; Program Evaluation; Social Support; Spouses; Uganda; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954069396	Impact of care and social support on wellbeing among people living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria	Adedimeji A.A., Alawode O.O., Odutolu O.	2010	Iranian Journal of Public Health	39	2	None	Centre for Global Health, University of Dublin Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland; Dept. of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom; Live Vanguards, Osogbo, Nigeria and World Bank Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria	Adedimeji, A.A., Centre for Global Health, University of Dublin Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland; Alawode, O.O., Dept. of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom; Odutolu, O., Live Vanguards, Osogbo, Nigeria and World Bank Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria	Background: Availability of antiretroviral therapies has transformed AIDS into a manageable chronic condition and improved well-being among people living with HIV/AIDS (PHA) in developed countries. In developing countries however, such transformations are yet to occur due to socio-economic, systemic and environmental constraint. This study examined the impact of social, economic, psychological and environmental factors on health and wellbeing among PHA living in southwest Nigeria. Methods: Using qualitative participatory methodology, 50 HIV positive people, 8 health personnel and 32 care providers were interviewed to explore how care and social support affect wellbeing among PHA in view of constraints to accessing antiretroviral drugs. Analysis of data used the grounded theory (GT) approach to identify themes, which are considered crucial to the wellbeing of PHA. Results: The findings highlight several factors, apart from antiretroviral drugs, that impact the wellbeing of PHA in southwest Nigeria. These include concerns about deteriorating physical health, family and children's welfare, pervasive stigma, financial pressures and systemic failures relating to care among others. We describe how psychosocial and social support structures can considerably contribute to improving health outcomes among them because of how they affect the functioning of immune system, self-care activities and other illness behaviours. Conclusion: We recommend that interventions should address the psychosocial, socio-economic and other systemic issues that negatively influence the wellbeing of PHA and governments need to strengthen the policy environment that empowers PHA support groups.	Care support; HIV/AIDS; Nigeria; Social support	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893353935	Performance of four computer-coded verbal autopsy methods for cause of death assignment compared with physician coding on 24,000 deaths in low- and middle-income countries	Desai N., Aleksandrowicz L., Miasnikof P., Lu Y., Leitao J., Byass P., Tollman S., Mee P., Alam D., Rathi S.K., Singh A., Kumar R., Ram F., Jha P.	2014	BMC Medicine	12	1	10.1186/1741-7015-12-20	Centre for Global Heath Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada; Center for the Promotion of Research Involving Innovative Statistical Methodology, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development, New York University, New York NY, United States; WHO Collaborating Centre for Verbal Autopsy, Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Division of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Medical Research Council, Wits Univ. Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; International Network for the Demographic Evaluation of Populations, Their Health (INDEPTH) Network, Accra, Ghana; International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B), Dhaka, Bangladesh; International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Research and Education, Chandigarh, India	Desai, N., Centre for Global Heath Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada; Aleksandrowicz, L., Centre for Global Heath Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada; Miasnikof, P., Centre for Global Heath Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada; Lu, Y., Center for the Promotion of Research Involving Innovative Statistical Methodology, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development, New York University, New York NY, United States; Leitao, J., Centre for Global Heath Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada; Byass, P., WHO Collaborating Centre for Verbal Autopsy, Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden, Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Division of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Tollman, S., Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Division of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden, Medical Research Council, Wits Univ. Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, International Network for the Demographic Evaluation of Populations, Their Health (INDEPTH) Network, Accra, Ghana; Mee, P., Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Division of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden, Medical Research Council, Wits Univ. Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Alam, D., International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Rathi, S.K., Centre for Global Heath Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada; Singh, A., International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Kumar, R., School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Research and Education, Chandigarh, India; Ram, F., International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Jha, P., Centre for Global Heath Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada	Background: Physician-coded verbal autopsy (PCVA) is the most widely used method to determine causes of death (CODs) in countries where medical certification of death is uncommon. Computer-coded verbal autopsy (CCVA) methods have been proposed as a faster and cheaper alternative to PCVA, though they have not been widely compared to PCVA or to each other.Methods: We compared the performance of open-source random forest, open-source tariff method, InterVA-4, and the King-Lu method to PCVA on five datasets comprising over 24,000 verbal autopsies from low- and middle-income countries. Metrics to assess performance were positive predictive value and partial chance-corrected concordance at the individual level, and cause-specific mortality fraction accuracy and cause-specific mortality fraction error at the population level.Results: The positive predictive value for the most probable COD predicted by the four CCVA methods averaged about 43% to 44% across the datasets. The average positive predictive value improved for the top three most probable CODs, with greater improvements for open-source random forest (69%) and open-source tariff method (68%) than for InterVA-4 (62%). The average partial chance-corrected concordance for the most probable COD predicted by the open-source random forest, open-source tariff method and InterVA-4 were 41%, 40% and 41%, respectively, with better results for the top three most probable CODs. Performance generally improved with larger datasets. At the population level, the King-Lu method had the highest average cause-specific mortality fraction accuracy across all five datasets (91%), followed by InterVA-4 (72% across three datasets), open-source random forest (71%) and open-source tariff method (54%).Conclusions: On an individual level, no single method was able to replicate the physician assignment of COD more than about half the time. At the population level, the King-Lu method was the best method to estimate cause-specific mortality fractions, though it does not assign individual CODs. Future testing should focus on combining different computer-coded verbal autopsy tools, paired with PCVA strengths. This includes using open-source tools applied to larger and varied datasets (especially those including a random sample of deaths drawn from the population), so as to establish the performance for age- and sex-specific CODs. © 2014 Desai et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Causes of death; Computer-coded verbal autopsy (CCVA); InterVA-4; King-Lu; Physician-certified verbal autopsy (PCVA); Random forest; Tariff method; Validation; Verbal autopsy	adolescent; adult; aged; article; autopsy; cause of death; child; computer coded verbal autopsy; computer program; controlled study; death certificate; human; infant; intermethod comparison; interVA 4 method; king lu method; lowest income group; measurement accuracy; middle aged; mortality; newborn; physician; physician coded verbal autopsy; predictive value; preschool child; procedures, parameters and devices; random forest; school child; Tariff method; task performance; very elderly; young adult; Automatic Data Processing; Autopsy; Cause of Death; Databases, Factual; Humans; Physician's Role; Poverty	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650099709	Can disease control priorities improve health systems performance in South Africa?	Rispel L.C., Barron P.	2010	South African Medical Journal	100	12	None	Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Rispel, L.C., Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Barron, P., Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; article; cost effectiveness analysis; disease control; health care access; health care cost; health care delivery; health care disparity; health care financing; health care personnel management; health care quality; health care system; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; medical information; performance measurement system; primary health care; South Africa; tuberculosis; Delivery of Health Care; Government Programs; Humans; Medical Assistance; Quality of Health Care; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953731552	The evaluation of bedside teachingan instrument for staff evaluation and student experience: A pilot study at a South African university	Green-Thompson L., Mcinerney P., Veller M.	2010	South African Journal of Surgery	48	2	None	Centre for Health Science Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa	Green-Thompson, L., Centre for Health Science Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mcinerney, P., Centre for Health Science Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Veller, M., Department of Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa	Background. Bedside teaching is the core teaching strategy in the clinical study years of the medical undergraduate degree at the University of the Witwatersrand. The quality of this teaching strategy has not been formally evaluated by students as other teaching strategies have been. Method. A quantitative, descriptive study was undertaken in the final year of study of the graduate entry medical programme (GEMP). The sample comprised medical students who were completing their surgical block during September and November 2008. There were approximately 30 students in each of these 2 blocks. A bedside teaching evaluation questionnaire was developed, based on previously validated peer review questionnaires used in evaluating small group formal classroom-based lectures. The purpose of the study was to determine the reliability of the instrument for evaluating bedside teaching. Results. A sample of 112 evaluations was obtained and the constructs and sub-constructs were subjected to an analysis using Cronbach's alpha. Conclusion. The overall Cronbach's alpha was 0.9627, demonstrating that the instrument is reliable and can be used to evaluate bedside teaching.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955108129	The impact of burnout on the intention to quit among professional nurses in the Free State region - A national crisis?	Pienaar J.W., Bester C.L.	2011	South African Journal of Psychology	41	1	None	Centre for Health Systems Research and Development, Department of Industrial Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Pienaar, J.W., Centre for Health Systems Research and Development, Department of Industrial Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Bester, C.L., Centre for Health Systems Research and Development, Department of Industrial Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Thousands of qualified nurses leave the South African health sector on an annual basis owing to various reasons, including burnout. Research showed that demanding work circumstances could influence employees to consider whether to leave an organisation or not. The aim of this study was to determine the level of burnout among professional nurses and to explore the potential impact of burnout on the intention to quit/change. The sample consisted of 563 professional nurses representing 140 clinics located in five health districts in the Free State region. A total of 542 (97%) questionnaires were completed and returned. Participants in the study were predominantly black (83.8%), female (89.3%), day-shift working (89.8%) and full-time employed (99.8%). The measuring tools included a biographical questionnaire, Maslach's Burnout Inventory to determine the level of burnout of professional nurses, and an Intention to Quit/Change questionnaire. Analysis of variance was used to determine differences regarding burnout between different groups with varying degrees of intention to quit/change. Respondents exhibited high levels of Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization and average levels of Personal Accomplishment. Respondents with the highest levels of Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization and the lowest levels of Personal Accomplishment displayed a higher degree of intention to quit/change. © Psychological Society of South Africa. All rights reserved.	Burnout; Free state; HIV; Intention to quit; Professional nurses; Stress	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922994537	Evaluation of bio-molecular signatures and hydrocarbon potential of upper Cretaceous shale, NE Nigeria	Boboye O.A., Nzegwu U.A.	2014	Journal of African Earth Sciences	99	PA2	10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.04.014	Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Boboye, O.A., Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Nzegwu, U.A., Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	The Bornu Basin is a sector of the Chad Basin located in the northeastern part of Nigeria, occupying about one-tenth of total area in Chad Basin. Twenty-eight representative shale cutting samples retrieved from Tuma-1, Sa-1 and Albarka-1 exploratory wells were analyzed. Seventeen shale samples systematically selected from Gongila, Fika Shale and Chad Formations were subjected to Total Organic Content (TOC), Rock-Eval pyrolysis, Soluble Organic Matter, Liquid Chromatography, Gas Chromatography and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry analyses. This is to characterize and assess the potential capability of the shale units. The results showed that TOC of the Coniacian-Paleocene shale units exceed the threshold (0.5 wt%) needed for petroleum generation. This classifies it as potential source beds. Evidence from biomarkers indicates a preponderance of marine organic matter with subordinate terrigenous input. The quantity of gammacerane occurrence suggests normal saline environment. The presence of oleanane index indicates angiosperms input into Cretaceous-Tertiary source rock. C35/C34 homohopane ratio showed the anoxia development towards the center of the basin. C29ααα (20R)/C27ααα (20R) sterane ratio indicate the dominance of marine organic matter with subordinate terrigenous input. The 22S/(22S + 22R) ratio of C31 hopane have not reached equilibrium as evident by immaturity to early mature stages from diagnostic ratios of βα moretane/βα hopane, Ts/(Ts + Tm), 28,30-bisnorhopanes/17α-hopanes, diasteranes/ regular steranes, ααα steranes/αββ steranes and 20S/(20S + 20R) C29 regular steranes respectively. This is corroborated with the Rock-Eval indices showing immature to earlier mature kerogen within the Fika Formation. It consists preeminently of Type IV, with subordinate Type III. The prospect for hydrocarbon in this part of the basin is only fair to moderate with potential for gaseous rather than liquid hydrocarbon. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Anoxia; Biomarkers; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; Kerogen; Organic matter; Thermal maturation	anoxia; biomarker; Cretaceous; gas chromatography; hydrocarbon exploration; hydrocarbon generation; hydrocarbon reservoir; kerogen; mass spectrometry; organic matter; shale; source rock; thermal maturity; Chad Basin; Nigeria; Magnoliophyta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883196648	Measuring the impact of academic development courses in first- and second-year chemistry	Smith L.C.	2013	South African Journal of Chemistry	66	None	None	Centre for Higher Education Development, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Smith, L.C., Centre for Higher Education Development, University of Cape Town, South Africa	This paper uses multivariate analysis to estimate the impact of educational interventions in the first-year academic development chemistry courses on students' final course marks. The cohorts for seven years are pooled, which generates a more robust set of results than was previously the case. To counter the sample-selection problem that arises as academic development students are placed onto the academic development programme, a selection of control variables is included in the estimations. The results suggest that the educational interventions in the first year had a positive impact on academic development students' performance, relative to mainstream students, in both the first- and second-year courses. The implications of the results for education policy and research are considered.	Academic development; Academic performance; Chemistry; Educational interventions; Multivariate analysis; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866264534	Measuring the impact of educational interventions on the academic performance of academic development students in second-year microeconomics	Smith L.C., Ranchhod V.	2012	South African Journal of Economics	80	3	10.1111/j.1813-6982.2011.01287.x	Centre for Higher Education Development, University of Cape Town, South Africa; School of Economics, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Smith, L.C., Centre for Higher Education Development, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Ranchhod, V., School of Economics, University of Cape Town, South Africa	This paper analyses the impact of educational interventions made in the first- and second-year microeconomics courses on academic development students' final mark in the second-year course. It also addresses issues of methodology, specification, and statistical analysis with respect to other studies in the field. The results suggest that the educational interventions in the first-year had a positive impact on the academic performance of the academic development cohort, relative to the mainstream cohort for the first period (2000-2002). The results also suggest that the educational interventions introduced in the second period (2003-2005), in the form of voluntary workshops, improved the academic performance of the academic development and mainstream cohorts. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 Economic Society of South Africa.	Academic development; academic performance; economic education; educational interventions; microeconomics; multivariate analysis; South Africa	academic performance; curriculum; geography education; microeconomics; multivariate analysis; student; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897471101	Using evaluation as action research: Reflections on teaching practice using Brookfield's four lenses model	Ndebele C.	2014	Anthropologist	17	2	None	Centre for Higher Education Teaching and Learning, University of Venda, P. Bag. X 5050, Thohoyandou, South Africa	Ndebele, C., Centre for Higher Education Teaching and Learning, University of Venda, P. Bag. X 5050, Thohoyandou, South Africa	As one goes about the process of teaching there is need to sit down after every session and take stock of the proceedings with a view to identifying what went well and what might need further improvement Four lenses that teachers could use to critically reflect on their practice are discussed in this article: eliciting evaluation from students, peer evaluation, research and theory and our own autobiographies as learners and teachers. To some extent academics are all prisoners trapped within the perceptual frameworks that determine how they view their experiences and in order to break away from this prison there is need to engage in critical reflection. In this article, through a qualitative analysis of student evaluation data, peer feedback and relevant literature; The researcher shares his reflection on his practice through experimenting with the four lenses at a historically disadvantaged university.What emerged from the reflective exercise is that looking beyond one's own self to others for their views on one's practice does indeed enrich one's knowledge and helps to improve practice. Colleagues, the literature and students can indeed serve as critical mirrors reflecting back to lecturers' images of their actions that often take them by surprise. © Kamla-Raj 2014.	Autobiography; Feedback; Peer review; Relevant literature; Student eyes; Triangulation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84914179409	The South African higher education system: performance and policy	Cloete N.	2014	Studies in Higher Education	39	8	10.1080/03075079.2014.949533	Centre for Higher Education Transformation (CHET), PO Box 18094, Wynberg, Cape Town, South Africa; DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Scientometrics and STI Policy, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Cloete, N., Centre for Higher Education Transformation (CHET), PO Box 18094, Wynberg, Cape Town, South Africa, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Scientometrics and STI Policy, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Transformation in higher education in South Africa over the last 20 years has been strongly shaped by post-apartheid pressures. Recent research shows that South Africa's current higher education system can be described as medium knowledge-producing and differentiated, with low participation and high attrition. In the decade following 1994, both policy frameworks and capacity building of the sector received considerable attention. Massification and differentiation are concepts that have been under discussion for some time in South Africa, but have yet to be translated into practical mechanisms for delivery of results. The Centre for Higher Education Transformation initially focused its efforts on stimulating debate on cutting-edge issues in South Africa. More recently, it has shifted its focus to strengthening regional and national development of African universities to enable their more meaningful participation in the global knowledge economy and society. © 2014, © 2014 Society for Research into Higher Education.	development; differentiation; higher education; knowledge production; policy	None	None
None	None	The ECOWAS court as a human rights promoter? Assessing five years' impact of the Koraou Slavery judgment	Adjolohoun H.S.	2013	Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights	31	3	None	Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Adjolohoun, H.S., Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria, South Africa	The 2005 reform initiated by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) had the double effect of putting an end to ten years of judicial lethargy and positioning its Community Court of Justice (ECCJ) as a promising international human rights body. One of the most illustrative cases of the Court's impact is the landmark Koraou (Slavery) judgment in which the ECCJ condemned Niger for failing to protect the complainant from enslavement by a third party. Five years after the Koraou decision, this paper uses empirical based theories, case study and factual evidence to interrogate whether the ECCJ's judgment has had any further effect than just restoring the dignity of an individual litigant. Such assessment is important to thousands of other human beings who still live in bondage in the rest of the region. Ultimately, the paper seeks to demonstrate that although it has not reached the irradiating model of the European Court of Human Rights, the ECCJ has the potential of becoming a human rights promoter in the region and beyond. © Netherlands Institute of Human Rights (SIM), Printed in the Netherlands.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38049063040	Monitoring effectiveness of programmes to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission in lower-income countries	Stringer E.M., Chi B.H., Chintu N., Creek T.L., Ekouevi D.K., Coetzee D., Tih P., Boulle A., Dabis F., Shaffer N., Wilfert C.M., Stringer J.S.A.	2008	Bulletin of the World Health Organization	86	1	10.2471/BLT.07.043117	Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), Plot 5977, Benakale Road, Northmead, Lusaka, Zambia; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA, United States; PAC-CI Programme, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Board, Nso, Northwest Province, Cameroon; Institut de Sante Publique d'Epidemiologie et de Developpment (ISPED), Universite Victor Segalen, Boudeaux, France; Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Chapel Hill, NC, United States	Stringer, E.M., Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), Plot 5977, Benakale Road, Northmead, Lusaka, Zambia; Chi, B.H., Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), Plot 5977, Benakale Road, Northmead, Lusaka, Zambia; Chintu, N., Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), Plot 5977, Benakale Road, Northmead, Lusaka, Zambia; Creek, T.L., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA, United States; Ekouevi, D.K., PAC-CI Programme, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire; Coetzee, D., School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Tih, P., Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Board, Nso, Northwest Province, Cameroon; Boulle, A., School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Dabis, F., Institut de Sante Publique d'Epidemiologie et de Developpment (ISPED), Universite Victor Segalen, Boudeaux, France; Shaffer, N., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA, United States; Wilfert, C.M., Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Stringer, J.S.A., Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), Plot 5977, Benakale Road, Northmead, Lusaka, Zambia	Ambitious goals for paediatric AIDS control have been set by various international bodies, including a 50% reduction in new paediatric infections by 2010. While these goals are clearly appropriate in their scope, the lack of clarity and consensus around how to monitor the effectiveness of programmes to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) makes it difficult for policy-makers to mount a coordinated response. In this paper, we develop the case for using population HIV-free child survival as a gold standard metric to measure the effectiveness of PMTCT programmes, and go on to consider multiple study designs and source populations. Finally, we propose a novel community survey-based approach that could be implemented widely throughout the developing world with minor modifications to ongoing Demographic and Health Surveys.	None	antiretrovirus agent; nevirapine; zidovudine; demography; developing world; disease control; disease transmission; health survey; human immunodeficiency virus; low income population; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; article; developing country; female; gold standard; health program; health survey; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infant; infection prevention; lowest income group; single drug dose; survival; vertical transmission; Developing Countries; Disease Transmission, Vertical; Female; Health Surveys; HIV Infections; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Organizational Objectives; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Program Evaluation; Survival Rate	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45949110251	Evaluation of the nutrient and sensory properties of multimixes and porridges made from maize, soybean, and plantain for use as complementary food	Nnam N.M., Baiyeri G.T.	2008	Ecology of Food and Nutrition	47	1	10.1080/03670240701615374	Department of Home Science, Nutrition, and Dietetics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Nnam, N.M., Department of Home Science, Nutrition, and Dietetics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Baiyeri, G.T., Department of Home Science, Nutrition, and Dietetics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	This study is part of a series of exploratory works on the use of cheap and locally available staples to improve the Nigerian traditional complementary foods. The proximate, some mineral, and vitamin compositions of composite flours formulated from maize, soybean, and plantain landrace or hybrid were evaluated. The processing included sprouting maize for 48 h, boiling soybean for 1 h, and hand peeling plantain to obtain the pulp. The samples were dried and milled into fine flours. The flours were combined in ratios of 70:30:0, 65:30:5, 60:30:10, and 55:30:15 (protein basis) of maize, soybean, and plantain landrace or hybrid. Standard assay methods were used to evaluate the composites for nutrient composition. The nutrient levels of the composites were compared with Codex Alimentarius Commission Guidelines for formulated supplementary foods for older infants and young children. "Ogi" flour and Nutrend served as the controls. Porridges made from the composites were evaluated for sensory properties. The boiled soybean contained appreciable quantities of protein (42.18%) and lipid (18.60%). The energy levels of the flour blends and the protein levels of some of the composites (maize, soybean, and plantain landrace or hybrid, 60:30:10) were comparable to that of Nutrend and met the Codex Alimentarius Commission Guidelines. The composites showed nutritional superiority over "ogi" flour in terms of protein, lipid, ash, and iron nutriture. The porridges made from the composites were accepted slightly by the judges. Further work is currently underway in our laboratory to improve the nutrient composition of the composites and the acceptability of their porridges.	Acceptability; Complementary food; Composite flour; Nutrients; Porridges	food consumption; food quality; maize; nutrient; nutritive value; soybean; vitamin; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Glycine max; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955643799	The impact of the pandemic influenza a(H1N1) 2009 virus on seasonal influenza a viruses in the southern hemisphere, 2009	Blyth C.C., Kelso A., McPhie K.A., Ratnamohan V.M., Catton M., Druce J.D., Smith D.W., Williams S.H., Huang Q.S., Lopez L., Schoub B.D., Venter M., Dwyer D.E.	2010	Eurosurveillance	15	31	None	Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Princess Margaret Hospital, Subiaco, WA, Australia; World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), North Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), North Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia; World Health Organisation National Influenza Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand; National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa	Blyth, C.C., Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Princess Margaret Hospital, Subiaco, WA, Australia; Kelso, A., World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), North Melbourne, VIC, Australia; McPhie, K.A., Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Ratnamohan, V.M., Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Catton, M., Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), North Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Druce, J.D., Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), North Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Smith, D.W., Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Williams, S.H., Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Huang, Q.S., World Health Organisation National Influenza Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand; Lopez, L., World Health Organisation National Influenza Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand; Schoub, B.D., National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa; Venter, M., National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa; Dwyer, D.E., Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia	Data collected over winter 2009 by five World Health Organisation National Influenza Centres in the southern hemisphere were used to examine the circulation of pandemic and seasonal influenza A strains during the first pandemic wave in the southern hemisphere. There is compelling evidence that the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus significantly displaced seasonal influenza A(H1N1) and, to a lesser extent, A(H3N2) viruses circulating in the southern hemisphere. Complete replacement of seasonal influenza A strains, however, was not observed during the first pandemic wave.	None	2009 H1N1 influenza; article; disease course; disease surveillance; human; infection prevention; Influenza virus A H3N2; nonhuman; pandemic influenza; prevalence; seasonal influenza; Southern Hemisphere; virus detection; virus strain; Geography; Humans; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype; Influenza, Human; Pandemics; Seasons; World Health Organization	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77649107299	Impact of antiretroviral therapy on incidence of pregnancy among HIV-infected women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A cohort study	Myer L., Carter R.J., Katyal M., Toro P., El-Sadr W.M., Abrams E.J.	2010	PLoS Medicine	7	2	10.1371/journal.pmed.1000229	Centre for Infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; International Center for AIDS Care and Treatment Programs, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States	Myer, L., Centre for Infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, International Center for AIDS Care and Treatment Programs, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States; Carter, R.J., International Center for AIDS Care and Treatment Programs, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States; Katyal, M., International Center for AIDS Care and Treatment Programs, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States; Toro, P., International Center for AIDS Care and Treatment Programs, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States; El-Sadr, W.M., International Center for AIDS Care and Treatment Programs, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States; Abrams, E.J., International Center for AIDS Care and Treatment Programs, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States	Background: With the rapid expansion of antiretroviral therapy (ART) services in sub-Saharan Africa there is growing recognition of the importance of fertility and childbearing among HIV-infected women. However there are few data on whether ART initiation influences pregnancy rates. Methods and Findings: We analyzed data from the Mother-to-Child Transmission-Plus (MTCT-Plus) Initiative, a multicountry HIV care and treatment program for women, children, and families. From 11 programs in seven African countries, women were enrolled into care regardless of HIV disease stage and followed at regular intervals; ART was initiated according to national guidelines on the basis of immunological and/or clinical criteria. Standardized forms were used to collect sociodemographic and clinical data, including incident pregnancies. Overall 589 incident pregnancies were observed among the 4,531 women included in this analysis (pregnancy incidence, 7.8/100 person-years [PY]). The rate of new pregnancies was significantly higher among women receiving ART (9.0/100 PY) compared to women not on ART (6.5/100 PY) (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-2.54). Other factors independently associated with increased risk of incident pregnancy included younger age, lower educational attainment, being married or cohabiting, having a male partner enrolled into the program, failure to use nonbarrier contraception, and higher CD4 cell counts. Conclusions: ART use is associated with significantly higher pregnancy rates among HIV-infected women in sub-Saharan Africa. While the possible behavioral or biomedical mechanisms that may underlie this association require further investigation, these data highlight the importance of pregnancy planning and management as a critical but neglected component of HIV care and treatment services. © 2010 Myer et al.	None	Human immunodeficiency virus antibody; nevirapine; RNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitor; antiretrovirus agent; adult; Africa; age distribution; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; cohort analysis; contraception; demography; disease association; educational status; female; health behavior; health program; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunology; major clinical study; patient care; practice guideline; pregnancy; social status; vertical transmission; Africa south of the Sahara; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; incidence; multivariate analysis; statistics; Adult; Africa South of the Sahara; Age Distribution; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Cohort Studies; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Incidence; Multivariate Analysis; Pregnancy; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67650073197	Diffusion of professional norms: The impact of IFLA in South Africa	Underwood P.G.	2009	IFLA Journal	35	2	10.1177/0340035209105669	Centre for Information Literacy, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X01, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa	Underwood, P.G., Centre for Information Literacy, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X01, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa	A study of the impact of the work of IFLA, including its role in the development of information literacy programmes, on the profession in South Africa, based on the views of South African professionals attending the World Library and Information Congress, 73rd IFLA General Conference, held in Durban, 19-23 August 2007. A series of focus group and other interviews was used. Themes arising from the discussions are: ĝ€¢ That IFLA has a strong role to play in advice, guidance, and the development of standards; its role in national policy development is necessarily limited. ĝ€¢ That the Congress is an important meeting place and its proceedings a source of inspiration to those who have come with a 'prepared mind'. ĝ€¢ That the influence of its work and proceedings could be greater if it were communicated in accessible forms in partnership with existing publications such as the IFLA Journal. ĝ€¢ That, for the younger professional, seeking to become involved, IFLA is a daunting organization. Copyright © 2009 Author.	Durban; IFLA; Impact assessment; Information literacy; South Africa; World Library and Information Congress, 2007	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952414809	Genetic evaluation of Ethiopian Boran cattle and their crosses with Holstein Friesian for growth performance in central Ethiopia	Haile A., Joshi B.K., Ayalew W., Tegegne A., Singh A.	2011	Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics	128	2	10.1111/j.1439-0388.2010.00882.x	Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Jimma University College of Agriculture, Jimma, Ethiopia	Haile, A., Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Jimma University College of Agriculture, Jimma, Ethiopia; Joshi, B.K., Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India; Ayalew, W., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Tegegne, A., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Singh, A., Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India	Breed additive and non-additive effects, and heritabilities of birth weight (BWT), weaning weight (WWT), 6months weight (SMWT), yearling weight (YWT), eighteen months weight (EWT), 2years weight (TWT) and average daily weight gain from birth to 6months (ADG1) and from 6months to 2years (ADG2) were estimated in Ethiopian Boran (B) cattle and their crosses with Holstein Friesian (F) in central Ethiopia. The data analysed were spread over 15years. Ethiopian Boran were consistently lighter (p<0.01) than the B-F crosses at all ages. Ethiopian Boran also gained lower weight than all the crosses. At birth, 50% F crosses were significantly (p<0.01) lighter than all the other crosses. However, the differences in SMWT, YWT, EWT, TWT, ADG1 and ADG2 were all non-significant among the crosses. The individual additive breed differences between B and F breeds were positive and significant (p<0.01) for all traits. The individual heterosis effects were significant (p<0.05) for all traits except WWT for which the effect was non-significant. The maternal heterosis effects were significant (p<0.01) for BWT (2.5kg) and WWT (-3.0kg). The heritability estimates for all traits in B and crosses were generally moderate to high indicating that there is scope for genetic improvement through selection. Selection within B and crossbreeding should be the strategy to enhance the growth performance under such production systems. © 2010 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.	Ethiopian boran; Genetic evaluation; Genetic parameter; Holstein friesian	animal; article; cattle; cross breeding; Ethiopia; female; genetics; growth, development and aging; male; Animals; Cattle; Crosses, Genetic; Ethiopia; Female; Male; Bos; Friesia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84911860941	Prosopis invasions in South Africa: Population structures and impacts on native tree population stability	Shackleton R.T., Le Maitre D.C., Richardson D.M.	2015	Journal of Arid Environments	114	None	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2014.11.006	Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Shackleton, R.T., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Le Maitre, D.C., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa, Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Richardson, D.M., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa	Several Prosopis taxa are widespread invaders that have negative impacts on biodiversity and human livelihoods globally. Better knowledge of the impacts and ecology of invasive Prosopis species is required to support and inform management interventions. Prosopis was introduced to South Africa and has become the second most widespread invasive alien plant taxon in the country. We compare population structures of invasive Prosopis populations in different part of South Africa, and quantify the effects of Prosopis invasions on native tree populations using size-class distribution (SCD) curves. Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, regressions, quotients, and Permutation Indices were used to compare size-class distributions and assess population stability. Prosopis population structures differed across South Africa. Those along perennial rivers and areas in the Succulent Karoo biome had fewer juvenile plants. Prosopis in South Africa also has higher recruitment (% juvenile plants) than in other areas like Australia. Prosopis invasions are having a negative effect on the stability of native tree populations in South Africa, and are linked to increased mortality of native trees. Improved management of Prosopis is needed. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Biological invasions; Mesquite; Permutation Index; Size-class distribution; Tree invasions	biodiversity; biological invasion; biome; invasive species; legume; mortality; population structure; recruitment (population dynamics); size distribution; stabilization; Australia; South Africa; Prosopis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860386120	Evaluation of tuberculosis diagnostics in children: 1. Proposed clinical case definitions for classification of intrathoracic tuberculosis disease. Consensus from an expert panel	Graham S.M., Ahmed T., Amaah F., Browning R., Cardenas V., Casenghi M., Cuevas L.E., Gale M., Gie R.P., Grzemska M., Handelsman E., Hatherill M., Hesseling A.C., Jean-Philippe P., Kampmann B., Kabra S.K., Lienhardt C., Lighter-Fisher J., Madhi S., Mak	2012	Journal of Infectious Diseases	205	SUPPL. 2	10.1093/infdis/jis008	Centre for International Child Health, University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics and Murdoch Childrens, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France; International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Indus Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan; Henry Jackson Foundation-Maternal Adolescent Pediatric Research Branch, National Institute of Allergyand Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States; Aeras, Rockville, MD, United States; Medecins Sans Frontières, Geneva, Switzerland; School of Tropical Medicine, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom; Medecins Sans Frontières, Sydney, Australia; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Stop TB Partnership, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Maternal Adolescent Pediatric Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy And, Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, School of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council Laboratories, Gambia; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa; Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Children's Hospital Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Medical Service Corporation International, Arlington, VA, United States; International Research and Programs Branch, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and Tuberculosis Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States; Maternal and Child Health Branch, Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Adolescent and Maternal AIDS Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States; Makerere University, Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda; State University of New York School of Medicine, Stony Brook, United States; Division of Infectious Disease, Office of Health, Infectious Disease, and Nutrition Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, United States; GHESKIO Centers, Port au Prince, Haiti; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Tuberculosis Research Centre, Chennai, India; Treatment Action Group, New York, NY, United States	Graham, S.M., Centre for International Child Health, University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics and Murdoch Childrens, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France; Ahmed, T., International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Amaah, F., Indus Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan; Browning, R., Henry Jackson Foundation-Maternal Adolescent Pediatric Research Branch, National Institute of Allergyand Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States; Cardenas, V., Aeras, Rockville, MD, United States; Casenghi, M., Medecins Sans Frontières, Geneva, Switzerland; Cuevas, L.E., School of Tropical Medicine, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom; Gale, M., Medecins Sans Frontières, Sydney, Australia; Gie, R.P., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Grzemska, M., Stop TB Partnership, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Handelsman, E., Maternal Adolescent Pediatric Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy And, Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Hatherill, M., South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, School of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Hesseling, A.C., Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Jean-Philippe, P., Henry Jackson Foundation-Maternal Adolescent Pediatric Research Branch, National Institute of Allergyand Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States; Kampmann, B., Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom, Medical Research Council Laboratories, Gambia; Kabra, S.K., All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Lienhardt, C., Stop TB Partnership, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Lighter-Fisher, J., New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Madhi, S., National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa; Makhene, M., Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Marais, B.J., Children's Hospital Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; McNeeley, D.F., Medical Service Corporation International, Arlington, VA, United States; Menzies, H., International Research and Programs Branch, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and Tuberculosis Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Mitchell, C., University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States; Modi, S., Maternal and Child Health Branch, Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Mofenson, L., Adolescent and Maternal AIDS Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States; Musoke, P., Makerere University, Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda; Nachman, S., State University of New York School of Medicine, Stony Brook, United States; Powell, C., Division of Infectious Disease, Office of Health, Infectious Disease, and Nutrition Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, United States; Rigaud, M., New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Rouzier, V., GHESKIO Centers, Port au Prince, Haiti; Starke, J.R., Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Swaminathan, S., National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Tuberculosis Research Centre, Chennai, India; Wingfield, C., Treatment Action Group, New York, NY, United States	There is a critical need for improved diagnosis of tuberculosis in children, particularly in young children with intrathoracic disease as this represents the most common type of tuberculosis in children and the greatest diagnostic challenge. There is also a need for standardized clinical case definitions for the evaluation of diagnostics in prospective clinical research studies that include children in whom tuberculosis is suspected but not confirmed by culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A panel representing a wide range of expertise and child tuberculosis research experience aimed to develop standardized clinical research case definitions for intrathoracic tuberculosis in children to enable harmonized evaluation of new tuberculosis diagnostic technologies in pediatric populations. Draft definitions and statements were proposed and circulated widely for feedback. An expert panel then considered each of the proposed definitions and statements relating to clinical definitions. Formal group consensus rules were established and consensus was reached for each statement. The definitions presented in this article are intended for use in clinical research to evaluate diagnostic assays and not for individual patient diagnosis or treatment decisions. A complementary article addresses methodological issues to consider for research of diagnostics in children with suspected tuberculosis. © 2012 The Author.	None	antibiotic agent; antimalarial agent; tuberculostatic agent; age distribution; article; clinical feature; community acquired pneumonia; comorbidity; consensus; coughing; diagnostic test; disease classification; fever; health care management; human; image analysis; image display; intrathoracic tuberculosis; lethargy; medical decision making; morbidity; mortality; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; outcome assessment; priority journal; thorax radiography; tuberculosis; Adolescent; Age Factors; Antitubercular Agents; Bacteriological Techniques; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary	None
None	None	Psychometric properties and the prevalence, intensity and causes of oral impacts on daily performance (OIDP) in a population of older Tanzanians	Kida I.A., Åstrøm A.N., Strand G.V., Masalu J.R., Tsakos G.	2006	Health and Quality of Life Outcomes	4	None	10.1186/1477-7525-4-56	Centre for International Health, UoB, Bergen, Norway; Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Odontology-Community Dentistry, UoB, Bergen, Norway; Department of Odontology-Gerodontology, UoB, Bergen, Norway; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College of London Medical School, London, United Kingdom	Kida, I.A., Centre for International Health, UoB, Bergen, Norway, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Åstrøm, A.N., Centre for International Health, UoB, Bergen, Norway, Department of Odontology-Community Dentistry, UoB, Bergen, Norway; Strand, G.V., Department of Odontology-Gerodontology, UoB, Bergen, Norway; Masalu, J.R., Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Tsakos, G., Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College of London Medical School, London, United Kingdom	Background: The objective was to study whether a Kiswahili version of the OIDP (Oral Impacts on Daily Performance) inventory was valid and reliable for use in a population of older adults in urban and rural areas of Tanzania; and to assess the area specific prevalence, intensity and perceived causes of OIDP. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Pwani region and in Dar es Salaam in 2004/2005. A two-stage stratified cluster sample design was utilized. Information became available for 511 urban and 520 rural subjects (mean age 62.9 years) who were interviewed and participated in a full mouth clinical examination in their own homes. Results: The Kiswahili version of the weighted OIDP inventory preserved the overall concept of the original English version. Cronbach's alpha was 0.83 and 0.90 in urban and rural areas, respectively, and the OIDP inventory varied systematically in the expected direction with self-reported oral health measures. The respective prevalence of oral impacts was 51.2% and 62.1% in urban and rural areas. Problems with eating was the performance reported most frequently (42.5% in urban, 55.1% in rural) followed by cleaning teeth (18.2% in urban, 30.6% in rural). More than half of the urban and rural residents with impacts had very little, little and moderate impact intensity. The most frequently reported causes of impacts were toothache and loose teeth. Conclusion: The Kiswahili OIDP inventory had acceptable psychometric properties among non-institutionalized adults 50 years and above in Tanzania. The impacts affecting their performances were relatively common but not very severe. © 2006 Kida et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	adult; aged; analytic method; article; clinical assessment; controlled study; Cronbach alpha coefficient; daily life activity; dental care; dental health; disease severity; feeding behavior; female; health survey; human; interview; major clinical study; male; Oral Impacts on Daily Performance; population research; prevalence; psychometry; reliability; risk assessment; risk factor; Tanzania; tooth disease; tooth pain; urban rural difference; validation process; Activities of Daily Living; Aged; DMF Index; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oral Health; Oral Hygiene; Prevalence; Psychometrics; Quality of Life; Questionnaires; Rural Health; Sickness Impact Profile; Tanzania; Tooth Loss; Urban Health	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-74549115840	Global indicators of biological invasion: Species numbers, biodiversity impact and policy responses	McGeoch M.A., Butchart S.H.M., Spear D., Marais E., Kleynhans E.J., Symes A., Chanson J., Hoffmann M.	2010	Diversity and Distributions	16	1	10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00633.x	Centre for Invasion Biology, Cape Research Centre, South African National Parks, P.O. Box 216, Steenberg 7947, South Africa; BirdLife International, Wellbrook Court, Girton Road, Cambridge CB30NA, United Kingdom; Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; IUCN/SSC, CI/CABS Biodiversity Assessment Unit, c/o 130 Weatherall Road, Cheltenham, VIC 3192, Australia; IUCN/SSC, CI/CABS Biodiversity Assessment Unit, C/o Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, 2011 Crystal Drive, Ste 500, Arlington, VA 22202, United States; IUCN Species Programme, IUCN, 1196 Gland, Switzerland	McGeoch, M.A., Centre for Invasion Biology, Cape Research Centre, South African National Parks, P.O. Box 216, Steenberg 7947, South Africa; Butchart, S.H.M., BirdLife International, Wellbrook Court, Girton Road, Cambridge CB30NA, United Kingdom; Spear, D., Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Marais, E., Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Kleynhans, E.J., Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Symes, A., Centre for Invasion Biology, Cape Research Centre, South African National Parks, P.O. Box 216, Steenberg 7947, South Africa; Chanson, J., IUCN/SSC, CI/CABS Biodiversity Assessment Unit, c/o 130 Weatherall Road, Cheltenham, VIC 3192, Australia; Hoffmann, M., IUCN/SSC, CI/CABS Biodiversity Assessment Unit, C/o Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, 2011 Crystal Drive, Ste 500, Arlington, VA 22202, United States, IUCN Species Programme, IUCN, 1196 Gland, Switzerland	Aim Invasive alien species (IAS) pose a significant threat to biodiversity. The Convention on Biological Diversity's 2010 Biodiversity Target, and the associated indicator for IAS, has stimulated globally coordinated efforts to quantify patterns in the extent of biological invasion, its impact on biodiversity and policy responses. Here, we report on the outcome of indicators of alien invasion at a global scale. Location Global. Methods We developed four indicators in a pressure-state-response framework, i.e. number of documented IAS (pressure), trends in the impact of IAS on biodiversity (state) and trends in international agreements and national policy adoption relevant to reducing IAS threats to biodiversity (response). These measures were considered best suited to providing globally representative, standardized and sustainable indicators by 2010. Results We show that the number of documented IAS is a significant underestimate, because its value is negatively affected by country development status and positively by research effort and information availability. The Red List Index demonstrates that IAS pressure is driving declines in species diversity, with the overall impact apparently increasing. The policy response trend has nonetheless been positive for the last several decades, although only half of countries that are signatory to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) have IAS-relevant national legislation. Although IAS pressure has apparently driven the policy response, this has clearly not been sufficient and/or adequately implemented to reduce biodiversity impact. Main conclusions For this indicator of threat to biodiversity, the 2010 Biodiversity Target has thus not been achieved. The results nonetheless provide clear direction for bridging the current divide between information available on IAS and that needed for policy and management for the prevention and control of IAS. It further highlights the need for measures to ensure that policy is effectively implemented, such that it translates into reduced IAS pressure and impact on biodiversity beyond 2010. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Biological invasions; Convention on Biological Diversity 2010 Biodiversity Target; Environmental legislation; Invasive alien species; Red List Index; Species richness	biodiversity; biological invasion; invasive species; policy analysis; policy implementation; Red List; species diversity; species richness	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-40949156798	Superiority in competition for light: A crucial attribute defining the impact of the invasive alien tree Schinus molle (Anacardiaceae) in South African savanna	Iponga D.M., Milton S.J., Richardson D.M.	2008	Journal of Arid Environments	72	5	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.10.001	Centre for Invasion Biology, Conservation Ecology Department, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Iponga, D.M., Centre for Invasion Biology, Conservation Ecology Department, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Milton, S.J., Centre for Invasion Biology, Conservation Ecology Department, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Richardson, D.M., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Invasion of ecosystems by woody alien plant species is a widespread phenomenon. Interspecific competition has often been suggested as a mechanism for replacement of one species by another, but this is rarely tested. We investigated the potential of an invasive alien tree to transform vegetation by quantifying the relative abilities of the alien tree Schinus molle and dominant native trees Acacia tortilis and Rhus lancea to compete for light when growing in association within a South African semi-arid savanna. Due to dispersal of its fruits by birds, seedlings of S. molle establish under tree canopies. Using canopy symmetry as an index of ability to compete for light, we found that the alien S. molle consistently out-competes the dominant native tree species. The results also show that pod production of A. tortilis was higher when it grew alone compared to when it grew with S. molle or R. lancea. The percentage of dead branches was higher on A. tortilis trees growing in association with the S. molle. The outcome is that the alien tree will gradually increase in abundance, changing woodland structure and ecosystem processes. Our findings provide evidence for the role of competition in the process of alien plant invasions. We suggest that S. molle, previously considered a benign naturalized species in South Africa, should be declared a noxious weed in some parts of that country. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Biological invasions; Coefficient of tree symmetry (TS); Shade; Symmetry technique; Woodland structure	abundance; angiosperm; biological invasion; dominance; ecosystem structure; interspecific competition; invasive species; light availability; native species; savanna; semiarid region; Africa; Acacia; Acacia tortilis; Anacardiaceae; Aves; Hedera; Lancea; Schinus molle; Searsia lancea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925150851	Neurometric evaluations on the brain of the opossum (didelphys marsupialis cancrivora (linnaeus 1758) - A case for cognitive skill -brain development capacity	Samuel O.M., Olopade J.O., Onwuka S.K.	2014	Journal of Morphological Sciences	31	3	10.4322/jms.038714	Cranio-facial and maxillo-facial Anatomy, Depatment of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria; NeuroAnatomy unit, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Head Gross Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Anatomy	Samuel, O.M., Cranio-facial and maxillo-facial Anatomy, Depatment of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria; Olopade, J.O., NeuroAnatomy unit, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Onwuka, S.K., Head Gross Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Introduction: The Opossum is a marsupial related wild life species belonging to the order Didelphimorphia. They inhabit the swampy forest zones in Nigeria but could inhabit drier regions. Some are arboreal and digitigrades, characterized by long bare tails and opposable thumbs modified for climbing and grasping respectively, they are known to be deficient in comparative sociality, peculiar brain morphology and a short life span. Our aim was to correlate through macro-neuromorphometry as well evaluate for the influence of head and brain weight, sex, adaptation, and behavioral ecology on the brain dimensions in comparison with other marsupials. Method: This study utilized thirteen animals (didelphys marsupialis cancrivota) consisting of four (6) males and seven (7) females and employing statistical methods in making inferences among the categories. Results: The mean overall head weight was 256.17 ±54.11g, 250.60± 51.62g for females and 269.16 ±139.22g for males, the whole brain weight was 30.43 ±10.19g. The brain /head weight ratio was 0.05± 0.02 while the maximum cerebral diameter, length and height were 46.97 ±13.84mm, 48.01±19.72mm and 30.48 ±2.90mm. cerebellar weight was 1.81 ±1.09g, and the cerebellar height and width were 2.39 ± 0.38mm and 2.44 ± 1.59mm respectively, cerebrum/ whole brain length index was 0.86± 0.04mm while mean endo-cranial volume was 19.75 ±30.11mls.The sexually dimorphic variables include whole brain length (59.87± 9.56mm and 57.12± 12.01mm), cerebral length (49.93± 10.17mm and 41.12± 15.57mm) and cerebral diameter (35.91± 13.55mm and 43.54± 29.96mm) for females and males respectively, suggesting better encephalization in females of this species compared to the males. Also, dimorphic parameters function for purposes such as predatory instincts, nursing of the young, spatial orientation, migrations and ecologic adaptations. Conclusion: In addition, this investigation suggests the enhanced possibility of cerebro-vascular accident in this species partly due to the cerebral length and height ratio in relation to the endo-cranial volume and shape in the likelihood of shorter lifespan in the males. © 2014, Brazilian Society of Anatomy. All rights reserved.	Didelphys marsupialis cancrivora; Encephalisation variables; Intelligence; Macroneuromorphometry; Opossums	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921057084	The impact of invasive alien Prosopis species (mesquite) on native plants in different environments in South Africa	Shackleton R.T., Le Maitre D.C., Van Wilgen B.W., Richardson D.M.	2015	South African Journal of Botany	97	None	10.1016/j.sajb.2014.12.008	Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa; Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Shackleton, R.T., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa; Le Maitre, D.C., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa, Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Van Wilgen, B.W., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa; Richardson, D.M., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa	Many Prosopis species have been introduced to South Africa; some taxa and their hybrids have naturalised and become widespread invasive trees. These invasions have detrimental effects on biodiversity, ecosystem services and human livelihoods. Although several studies have documented these impacts, the studies have been limited to single sites or restricted areas. This study assessed the Prosopis population across the full invasive range of the genus in South Africa, and quantified the effects of invasions on native woody and herbaceous species. Basal areas of invasive Prosopis stands reached 9m2/ha, and were on average higher along perennial rivers than along ephemeral rivers (mean basal areas of 3.2 vs. 1.4m2/ha). Native woody species density, basal area, richness and diversity all decreased significantly as the basal area of Prosopis stands increased. For example, up to eight native woody species occurred at basal area of &lt;2m2/ha, this decreased to three native species or fewer at basal areas of &gt;4m2/ha. The cover of native perennial grasses and herbaceous plants declined from 15-20% where the basal area of Prosopis was &lt;2m2/ha to zero where the basal area of Prosopis was &gt;4.5m2/ha. The results highlight the widespread nature of the impacts across all invaded biomes. Current control of Prosopis has had limited success, and alternative, potentially more effective, options are controversial. In the light of the widespread impacts, we recommend that a thorough assessment of the problem be undertaken to inform policy. © 2014 South African Association of Botanists.	Basal area; Biological invasions; Impacts; Invasive plants; Tree invasions	basal area; biodiversity; biome; dicotyledon; ecosystem service; invasiveness; native species; risk assessment; woody plant; South Africa; Poaceae; Prosopis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952634813	Population responses within a landscape matrix: A macrophysiological approach to understanding climate change impacts	Chown S.L., Gaston K.J., van Kleunen M., Clusella-Trullas S.	2010	Evolutionary Ecology	24	3	10.1007/s10682-009-9329-x	Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, 7602 Matieland, South Africa; Biodiversity and Macroecology Group, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom; Institute of Plant Sciences and Oeschger Centre, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland	Chown, S.L., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, 7602 Matieland, South Africa; Gaston, K.J., Biodiversity and Macroecology Group, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom; van Kleunen, M., Institute of Plant Sciences and Oeschger Centre, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland; Clusella-Trullas, S., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, 7602 Matieland, South Africa	Global environmental change (GEC) is a significant concern. However, forecasting the outcomes of this change for species and ecosystems remains a major challenge. In particular, predicting specific changes in systems where initial conditions, instabilities, and model errors have large impacts on the outcome is problematic. Indeed, predictive community ecology has been deemed unworthy of pursuit or an unreachable goal. However, new developments in large-scale biology provide ways of thinking that might substantially improve forecasts of local and regional impacts of climate change. Most notably, these are the explicit recognition of the regional and landscape contexts within which populations reside, the matrix approach that can be used to investigate the consequences of population variation across space and within assemblages, and the development of macrophysiology, which explicitly seeks to understand the ecological implications of physiological variation across large spatial and temporal scales. Here we explore how a combination of these approaches might promote further understanding and forecasting of the effects of global climate change and perhaps other GEC drivers on biodiversity. We focus on the population level, examining the ways in which environmental variation might be translated through performance and its plasticity to variation in demography. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009.	Bioclimatic modelling; Mechanistic models; Performance curves; Phenotypic plasticity; r × c matrices	bioclimatology; biodiversity; community ecology; demography; environmental change; environmental impact; performance assessment; phenotypic plasticity; physiological response; population growth	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38149139296	Thermal tolerance in a south-east African population of the tsetse fly Glossina pallidipes (Diptera, Glossinidae): Implications for forecasting climate change impacts	Terblanche J.S., Clusella-Trullas S., Deere J.A., Chown S.L.	2008	Journal of Insect Physiology	54	1	10.1016/j.jinsphys.2007.08.007	Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Terblanche, J.S., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Clusella-Trullas, S., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Deere, J.A., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Chown, S.L., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	For tsetse (Glossina spp.), the vectors of human and animal trypanosomiases, the physiological mechanisms linking variation in population dynamics with changing weather conditions have not been well established. Here, we investigate high- and low-temperature tolerance in terms of activity limits and survival in a natural population of adult Glossina pallidipes from eastern Zambia. Due to increased interest in chilling flies for handling and aerial dispersal in sterile insect technique control and eradication programmes, we also provide further detailed investigation of low-temperature responses. In wild-caught G. pallidipes, the probability of survival for 50% of the population at low-temperatures was at 3.7, 8.9 and 9.6 °C (95% CIs: ±1.5 °C) for 1, 2 and 3 h treatments, respectively. At high temperatures, it was estimated that treatments at 37.9, 36.2 and 35.6 °C (95% CIs: ±0.5 °C) would yield 50% population survival for 1, 2 and 3 h, respectively. Significant effects of time and temperature were detected at both temperature extremes (GLZ, p<0.05 in all cases) although a time-temperature interaction was only detected at high temperatures (p<0.0001). We synthesized data from four other Kenyan populations and found that upper critical thermal limits showed little variation among populations and laboratory treatments (range: 43.9-45.0 °C; 0.25 °C/min heating rate), although reduction to more ecologically relevant heating rates (0.06 °C/min) reduce these values significantly from ∼44.4 to 40.6 °C, thereby providing a causal explanation for why tsetse distribution may be high-temperature limited. By contrast, low-temperature limits showed substantial variation among populations and acclimation treatments (range: 4.5-13.8 °C; 0.25 °C/min), indicating high levels of inter-population variability. Ecologically relevant cooling rates (0.06 °C/min) suggest tsetses are likely to experience chill coma temperatures under natural conditions (∼20-21 °C). The results from acute hardening experiments in the Zambian population demonstrate limited ability to improve low-temperature tolerance over short (hourly) timescales after non-lethal pre-treatments. In flies which survived chilling, recovery times were non-linear with plateaus between 2-6 and 8-12 °C. Survival times ranged between 4 and 36 h and did not vary between flies which had undergone chill coma by comparison with flies which had not, even after factoring body condition into the analyses (p>0.5 in all cases). However, flies with low chill coma values had the highest body water and fat content, indicating that when energy reserves are depleted, low-temperature tolerance may be compromised. Overall, these results suggest that physiological mechanisms may provide insight into tsetse population dynamics, hence distribution and abundance, and support a general prediction for reduced geographic distribution under future climate warming scenarios. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Climate change; Cold tolerance; Fitness costs; Geographic distribution; Insect vector; Phenotypic plasticity; Seasonal variation; Trade-offs	climate change; fly; geographical distribution; phenotypic plasticity; population dynamics; population structure; seasonal variation; acclimatization; analysis of variance; animal; article; climate; comparative study; geography; greenhouse effect; Kenya; motor activity; physiology; population dynamics; survival; temperature; tsetse fly; Zambia; Acclimatization; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Climate; Geography; Greenhouse Effect; Kenya; Motor Activity; Population Dynamics; Survival Analysis; Temperature; Tsetse Flies; Zambia; Africa; East Africa; Kenya; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Zambia; Animalia; Diptera; Glossina (genus); Glossina pallidipes; Glossinidae; Hexapoda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84916621869	Local scale comparisons of biodiversity as a test for global protected area ecological performance: A meta-analysis	Coetzee B.W.T., Gaston K.J., Chown S.L.	2014	PLoS ONE	9	8	10.1371/journal.pone.0105824	Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa; School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom	Coetzee, B.W.T., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Gaston, K.J., Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom; Chown, S.L., School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia	Terrestrial protected areas (PAs) are cornerstones of global biodiversity conservation. Their efficacy in terms of maintaining biodiversity is, however, much debated. Studies to date have been unable to provide a general answer as to PA conservation efficacy because of their typically restricted geographic and/or taxonomic focus, or qualitative approaches focusing on proxies for biodiversity, such as deforestation. Given the rarity of historical data to enable comparisons of biodiversity before/after PA establishment, many smaller scale studies over the past 30 years have directly compared biodiversity inside PAs to that of surrounding areas, which provides one measure of PA ecological performance. Here we use a meta-analysis of such studies (N = 86) to test if PAs contain higher biodiversity values than surrounding areas, and so assess their contribution to determining PA efficacy. We find that PAs generally have higher abundances of individual species, higher assemblage abundances, and higher species richness values compared with alternative land uses. Local scale studies in combination thus show that PAs retain more biodiversity than alternative land use areas. Nonetheless, much variation is present in the effect sizes, which underscores the context-specificity of PA efficacy. © 2014 Coetzee et al.	None	article; biodiversity; comparative study; conservation biology; ecology; environmental protection; land use; nonhuman; population abundance; protected area; species richness; statistical analysis; systematic review	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84890876053	Performance of invasive alien fountain grass (Pennisetum setaceum) along a climatic gradient through three South African biomes	Rahlao S.J., Milton S.J., Esler K.J., Barnard P.	2014	South African Journal of Botany	91	None	10.1016/j.sajb.2013.11.013	Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Climate Change and Bio-Adaptation Division, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa; DST Centre of Excellence, Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Rahlao, S.J., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Milton, S.J., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa, DST Centre of Excellence, Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Esler, K.J., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Barnard, P., Climate Change and Bio-Adaptation Division, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa, DST Centre of Excellence, Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	The knowledge of relative performance of plants across environmental gradients is critical for their effective management and for understanding future range expansion. Pennisetum setaceum is an invasive perennial grass found along roadsides and other disturbed sites in South Africa. The performance of this grass in response to competition, habitat characteristics and resources was experimentally tested in three biomes (Karoo, Fynbos and Savanna) of South Africa. A total of 846 young P. setaceum seedlings were translocated to study sites in May 2007. The seedlings were grown in 94 plots along random transects, of which alternate halves were cleared of vegetation. Despite a variety of environmental hazards at these sites, over 30% of the transplanted seedlings survived over 15. months. Competition from resident vegetation was a major factor limiting the establishment of seedlings. However, under adequate rainfall and historical disturbance (mine dump), competition effects were overridden. Survival of seedlings was greatest in the Karoo National Park, possibly because of summer rainfall that occurred shortly after translocation. Despite differences in the survival and growth rates, seedlings remained alive at all sites, especially if they survived the first six months after translocation. P. setaceum is capable of persisting across a broad range of environmental conditions. Management efforts should aim to reduce seed production and establishment along roadsides that act as conduits into protected sites. This could be best achieved by maintaining as much indigenous cover along road verges as possible, as seeds survive best where competition is low. © 2013 South African Association of Botanists.	Alien grass; Biological invasions; Competition; Disturbance; Seedling translocation; Transplant experiment	biological invasion; biome; climate variation; fynbos; grass; habitat management; introduced species; Karoo Supergroup; performance assessment; roadside environment; savanna; spatiotemporal analysis; translocation; Karoo National Park; South Africa; Western Cape	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84946720989	Co-ownership and collaboration: Insights into the measurement of impact and change from evidence-based community and state violence prevention partnerships	Mutongwizo T., Leoschut L., Burton P.	2015	Stability	4	1	10.5334/sta.fh	Centre for Justice and Crime Prevention, South Africa	Mutongwizo, T., Centre for Justice and Crime Prevention, South Africa; Leoschut, L., Centre for Justice and Crime Prevention, South Africa; Burton, P., Centre for Justice and Crime Prevention, South Africa	Effective partnerships in community crime and violence prevention interventions are challenging to foster. Though challenging, their merits cannot be denied; thus it is necessary to involve diverse stakeholders in processes that aim to address violence and crime prevention in order to better approach the causes of crime. However, practical experiences have been used to identify the challenges of crime prevention partnerships, particularly in developing indicators that appropriately measure, monitor and evaluate progress. It has also been noted that it is difficult to discern which interventions yield success, particularly in partnerships with various stakeholders. This article therefore encourages joint assessments from the outset of crime prevention projects and the development of indicators that relate to all partners. This paper will draw on three violence and crime prevention pilot projects, conducted in South Africa. The discussion will focus on the processes of developing performance measurement frameworks and the challenges and successes experienced throughout the monitoring, evaluation and learning process. © 2015 The Author(s).	Crime prevention; Monitoring and evaluation; Multi-stakeholder forums; Partnerships; Safety audits	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956282885	Impact of the internet on final year students' research: A case study of Covenant university, Ota, Nigeria	Ilo P.I., Ifijeh G.I.	2010	Library Philosophy and Practice	2010	JUL	None	Centre For Learning Resources, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria	Ilo, P.I., Centre For Learning Resources, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria; Ifijeh, G.I., Centre For Learning Resources, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria	[No abstract available]	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937074095	Is South Africa's 20 years of democracy in crisis? Examining the impact of unrest incidents in local protests in the post-apartheid South Africa	Mkhize M.C.	2015	African Security Review	24	2	10.1080/10246029.2015.1038285	Centre for Military Studies (CEMIS), Stellenbosch University, South Africa	Mkhize, M.C., Centre for Military Studies (CEMIS), Stellenbosch University, South Africa	This article assesses South Africa's 20 years of democracy, which has frequently been bedevilled by local protests. This article is particularly interested in those unrest incidents that have been distinct for one reason or another. In South Africa, the surge in local unrest incidents is often linked to police behaviour, which has become increasingly militant and brutal when quelling protests. While the right to protest is constitutional, the damage caused during protest action can be immense owing to acts of violence. Protestors' resorting to violent protest action is often linked to increased frustrations as a result of the government's inability to live up to the expectations of marginalised and poor communities. While this article draws primarily on existing scholarly debates focusing on social protests, the primary objective is to examine the impact of unrest incidents on local protests in post-apartheid South Africa. The article further argues that ‘spaces’ for participation in local governance should be created so that citizens can become architects of development and their own future. © 2015 Institute for Security Studies.	globalisation; grassroots resistance; local protests; neoliberalism; police brutality; South Africa; spaces of participation; unrest incidents	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877342673	The effect of frother blends on the flotation performance of selected PGM bearing ores	Ngoroma F., Wiese J., Franzidis J.-P.	2013	Minerals Engineering	None	None	10.1016/j.mineng.2013.03.017	Centre for Minerals Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa	Ngoroma, F., Centre for Minerals Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa; Wiese, J., Centre for Minerals Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa; Franzidis, J.-P., Centre for Minerals Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa	Concentrators processing PGM bearing ores make use of polysaccharide depressants to reduce the recovery of the undesired naturally floatable gangue minerals, mainly silicates, present in the ore. Recent work has shown that high depressant dosages can completely depress naturally floatable gangue and thus prevent it from reporting to the concentrate. These high depressant dosages can, however, have a negative effect on the recovery of valuable minerals present in the ore by reducing the stability of the froth. In order to counterbalance the effects of depressant addition, frothers are added. It is, however, preferable to maintain independent control over bubble size and froth stability which is difficult to achieve with only one frother. An alternative strategy is to use a blend of frothers, e.g. a weaker frother in combination with a stronger frother. Such a system allows an additional degree of freedom: changing the ratio of the two frothers provides more independent control of bubble size and froth stability. This study demonstrates through the use of batch flotation tests how blending low molecular weight alcohols with commercially available frothers impacts the solids and water recovery, as well as the valuable mineral recovery and concentrate grade in different PGM ores. Higher water and solids recoveries together with higher valuable mineral recoveries (>90% copper and >70% nickel) were obtained from tests using frother blends. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Alcohols; Froth flotation; Frothers; Polysaccharide depressants	Concentrate grade; Degree of freedom; Floatable gangue; Flotation performance; Frothers; Independent control; Low molecular weight alcohols; Mineral recovery; Alcohols; Blending; Froth flotation; Ores; Recovery; Silicates; Ore treatment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867741899	The use of machine vision to predict flotation performance	Morar S.H., Harris M.C., Bradshaw D.J.	2012	Minerals Engineering	None	None	10.1016/j.mineng.2012.02.010	Centre for Minerals Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa; University of Queensland, Sustainable Minerals Institute, Julius Kruttschnitt Mineral Research Centre, QLD 4072, Australia	Morar, S.H., Centre for Minerals Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa; Harris, M.C., Centre for Minerals Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa; Bradshaw, D.J., University of Queensland, Sustainable Minerals Institute, Julius Kruttschnitt Mineral Research Centre, QLD 4072, Australia	Machine vision has been proposed as an ideal non-intrusive instrument to obtain meaningful information relating to the performance of the froth phase of flotation for the purposes of process control. Many attempts have been made to use machine vision to predict performance factors such as mass recovery rate and concentrate grade. These approaches have largely been empirical, and have been shown to be accurate under limited operating conditions. The most commonly used application of machine vision technology is the measurement of froth velocity within a control strategy to balance the concentrate recovery rate down a bank by manipulating either froth depth or air rate. This paper investigates whether the measurement of physical machine vision measurements are able to provide accurate measures of mass recovery rate and concentrate grade across variations in operating conditions. The results show that although good relationships are found in narrow conditions, a mechanistic understanding and model is needed to determine relationships that are useful over a wide range of operating conditions. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Flotation froths; Froth flotation; Modelling; On-line analysis; Process control	Air rate; Concentrate grade; Concentrate recovery; Control strategies; Flotation froths; Flotation performance; Machine vision technologies; Mass recovery; Non-intrusive; On-line analysis; Operating condition; Performance factors; Vision measurement; Air; Froth flotation; Models; Process control; Recovery; Computer vision	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952546769	The mineralogy of pyrrhotite from Sudbury CCN and Phoenix nickel ores and its effect on flotation performance	Becker M., Bradshaw D., De Villiers J.	2011	Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly	50	1	10.1179/000844311X552269	Centre for Minerals Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Julius Krutschnitt Mineral Research Centre, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Becker, M., Centre for Minerals Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Bradshaw, D., Julius Krutschnitt Mineral Research Centre, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; De Villiers, J., Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	The non-stoichiometric sulphide pyrrhotite (Fe1-xS), common to many nickel ores, occurs in a variety of crystallographic forms and compositions. In order to manipulate its performance in nickel processing operations either to target the recovery or rejection or pyrrhotite, one needs an understanding of pyrrhotite mineralogy, reactivity and the effect this may have on its flotation performance. In this study, a non-magnetic Fe 9S10 pyrrhotite from Sudbury CCN in Canada and a magnetic Fe7S8 pyrrhotite from Phoenix in Botswana were selected to explore the relationship between mineralogy, reactivity and microflotation. Non-magnetic Sudbury pyrrhotite was less reactive in terms of its oxygen uptake and showed the best collectorless flotation recovery. Magnetic Phoenix pyrrhotite was more reactive and showed poor collectorless flotation, which was significantly improved with the addition of xanthate and copper activation. These differences in reactivity and flotation performance are interpreted to be a result of the pyrrhotite mineralogy, the implications of which may aid in the manipulation of flotation performance. © 2011 Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum.	Mineralogy; Oxidation; Pyrrhotite; Reactivity; Sulphide flotation	Botswana; Copper activation; Flotation performance; Flotation recovery; Microflotation; Nickel ores; Nonmagnetics; Oxygen uptake; Processing operations; Pyrrhotite; Reactivity; Sulphide flotation; Crystallography; Flotation; Mineralogy; Minerals; Nickel; Ore treatment; Oxidation; Oxygen; Iron ores	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907777751	The interactive effects of chemical and process parameters on the flotation performance of a UG2 ore	McFadzean B., Pani S., Wiese J., O'Connor C.T.	2015	Minerals Engineering	70	None	10.1016/j.mineng.2014.08.016	Centre for Minerals Research, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, South Africa	McFadzean, B., Centre for Minerals Research, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, South Africa; Pani, S., Centre for Minerals Research, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, South Africa; Wiese, J., Centre for Minerals Research, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, South Africa; O'Connor, C.T., Centre for Minerals Research, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, South Africa	A major challenge in the processing of PGM-bearing UG2 ore is the fact that it is comprised largely of chromite (60-90% by volume). Chromite is generally not naturally floatable but significant quantities report to the concentrate by entrainment. This is a serious problem for the downstream smelting process, which is generally constrained to a grade of about 3% chromite. Four of the most accessible levers for the control of flotation performance which are available to a plant metallurgist are frother and depressant dosage, air flow rate and froth height. The effects of each of these factors on the flotation performance have been extensively studied, but interactive effects are not well understood. This study presents the results of an investigation into the interactive effects of these parameters using a factorial experimental design approach. The flotation tests were carried out using a 2 m high continuous column flotation cell which facilitated the generation of a deep froth, since this was the phase of most interest. The results were analysed using statistical analysis software that fitted a regression model to the data for each of the outputs. These results highlight the interactive effects of these variables on the flotation performance and illustrate the complexity that is required in process control. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Factorial design; Flotation performance; Interactive effects	Chromite; Chromite deposits; Froth flotation; Regression analysis; Smelting; Factorial design; Factorial experimental design; Flotation performance; In-process control; Interactive effect; Process parameters; Regression model; Smelting process; Process control	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867747561	The effect of frother type and dosage on flotation performance in the presence of high depressant concentrations	Wiese J., Harris P.	2012	Minerals Engineering	None	None	10.1016/j.mineng.2012.03.028	Centre for Minerals Research, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Wiese, J., Centre for Minerals Research, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Harris, P., Centre for Minerals Research, University of Cape Town, South Africa	The use of high dosages of polysaccharide depressants in order to depress the undesired naturally floatable gangue (NFG) present in ores beneficiated from the Bushveld Complex, South Africa, results in a significant decrease in the stability of flotation froths. These unstable froths can result in restricted mass pull and decreased valuable mineral recovery. Previous work using a single polyglycol ether type frother, DOW 200, has shown that an increase in frother dosage could be used to overcome the destabilisation of the froth to a certain extent and improve valuable mineral recovery. This resulted in an increase in water recovery and dilution of the concentrate by entrained material. This work extends this study to examine the effect of using a stronger frother, DOW 250, on the recovery of sulphide minerals and floatable gangue from a Merensky ore at different dosages of guar gum and CMC, which are typically used as depressants in the processing of Merensky ore. Results indicate that an increase in the strength of the frother resulted in a more robust froth. Depressant type also had an influence on results obtained. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Flotation depressants; Flotation frothers; Froth flotation; Precious metal ores	Bushveld Complex; Floatable gangue; Flotation depressants; Flotation frothers; Flotation froths; Flotation performance; Frothers; Guar gums; Merensky ore; Mineral recovery; Polyglycol ethers; Precious metal ores; South Africa; Water recovery; Ethers; Froth flotation; Ores; Precious metals; Recovery; Ore treatment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76249128804	Work-related allergy and asthma in spice mill workers - The impact of processing dried spices on IgE reactivity patterns	Van Der Walt A., Lopata A.L., Nieuwenhuizen N.E., Jeebhay M.F.	2010	International Archives of Allergy and Immunology	152	3	10.1159/000283038	Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; School of Applied Science, Allergy Research Group, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia	Van Der Walt, A., Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa; Lopata, A.L., Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, School of Applied Science, Allergy Research Group, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Nieuwenhuizen, N.E., Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Jeebhay, M.F., Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa	Background: Three spice mill workers developed work-related allergy and asthma after prolonged exposure to high levels (&gt;10 mg/m3) of inhalable spice dust. Patterns of sensitization to a variety of spices and putative allergens were identified. Methods: Work-related allergy and asthma were assessed on history, clinical evaluation, pulmonary function and fractional exhaled nitric oxide. Specific IgE reactivity to a range of common inhalant, food and spice allergens was evaluated using ImmunoCAP and allergen microarray. The presence of non-IgE-mediated reactions was determined by basophil stimulation (CAST-ELISA). Specific allergens were identified by immunoblotting to extracts of raw and dried processed garlic, onion and chili pepper. Results: Asthma was confirmed in all 3 subjects, with work-related patterns prominent in worker 1 and 3. Sensitization to multiple spices and pollen was observed in both atopic workers 1 and 2, whereas garlic and chili pepper sensitization featured in all 3 workers. Microarray analysis demonstrated prominent profilin reactivity in atopic worker 2. Immunoblotting demonstrated a 50-kDa cross-reactive allergen in garlic and onion, and allergens of approximately 40 and 52 kDa in chili pepper. Dry powdered garlic and onion demonstrated greater IgE binding. Conclusions: This study demonstrated IgE reactivity to multiple spice allergens in workers exposed to high levels of inhalable spice dust. Processed garlic and onion powder demonstrated stronger IgE reactivity than the raw plant. Atopy and polysensitization to various plant profilins, suggesting pollen-food syndrome, represent additional risk factors for sensitizer-induced work-related asthma in spice mill workers. © 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel.	Allergy; Asthma; Garlic; Processed allergens; Spices; Work-related allergy	food allergen; immunoglobulin E; anamnesis; article; atopy; basophil; cell stimulation; clinical assessment; cross reaction; dry powder; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; garlic; immunoblotting; immunoreactivity; inhalation; lung function; molecular weight; nonhuman; occupational allergy; occupational asthma; occupational exposure; occupational hazard; onion; pepper; priority journal; processing; risk assessment; risk factor; spice; spirometry; Adult; Airway Obstruction; Antigens, Plant; Asthma; Blotting, Western; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Capsicum; Female; Food Handling; Food Preservatives; Forced Expiratory Volume; Garlic; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Hypersensitivity, Immediate; Immunoglobulin E; Inhalation Exposure; Lung; Male; Nitric Oxide; Occupational Diseases; Onions; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; Plant Extracts; Plant Proteins; Pollen; Protein Array Analysis; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial; Skin Tests; Spices; Spirometry	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84917689456	The effectiveness of a teacher professional learning programme: The perceptions and performance of mathematics teachers	Ndlovu M.	2014	Pythagoras	35	2	10.4102/pythagoras.v35i2.237	Centre for Pedagogy, Faculty of Education, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa	Ndlovu, M., Centre for Pedagogy, Faculty of Education, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa	The purpose of this article is to report on an investigation of the perceptions and performance of mathematics teachers in a teacher professional learning (TPL) programme based on realistic mathematics education (RME) principles, which included a topic on transformations, undertaken by the researcher. Forty-seven Senior Phase (Grade 7-9) teachers took part in the mixed-methods study in which they answered a questionnaire with both closed and openended items. Fifty teachers took an achievement test at the end of the programme. The TPL programme used the RME approach in the design and delivery of mathematical tasks intended to enhance teachers' mathematical knowledge for teaching. The sessions were conducted in a manner that modelled one way in which RME principles can be adopted as a teacher professional development strategy. The significance of the study is that continuing TPL is acknowledged to contribute to improvement in teaching and learning to address the concern about unsatisfactory learner achievement in mathematics. The responses suggested that the majority of teachers experienced the sessions positively in relation to all but one of the six RME principles. The teachers reported that they took an active part both as individuals and in small groups and expressed their willingness to adopt the type of activities and materials for their classrooms, which is an essential first step in Guskey's first level of evaluation of a teacher TPL programme. The teachers' average performance in an achievement test at the end of the topic was 72% which was indicative of modest learning gains at Guskey's second level of TPL effectiveness. © 2014. The Authors.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953535639	Toxicological evaluation of aqueous leaf and berry extracts of Phytolacca dioica L. in male Wistar rats	Ashafa A.O.T., Sunmonu T.O., Afolayan A.J.	2010	Food and Chemical Toxicology	48	7	10.1016/j.fct.2010.04.029	Centre for Phytomedicine Research, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa	Ashafa, A.O.T., Centre for Phytomedicine Research, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; Sunmonu, T.O., Centre for Phytomedicine Research, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; Afolayan, A.J., Centre for Phytomedicine Research, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa	Despite the widespread use of Phytolacca dioica L. in folklore medicine of South Africa, there is dearth of information on its safety/toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicological effect of aqueous leaf and berry extracts of the plant at different dosages for 14. days on the liver and kidney function indices in male Wistar rats. Phytochemical screening indicated that the extracts are rich in phytonutrients including alkaloid, tannin, saponins, phenolics, lectins and flavonoids; while triterpenoids and phlobatanins were absent. The extracts significantly reduced the body and absolute organ weights of the animals at all the dosages investigated. Whereas, significant increase was observed in the serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), bilirubin, calcium, creatinine, urea and uric acid; the serum concentration of total protein, albumin and globulin were reduced in the serum following treatment with the extracts. Generally, the effect of the herb appeared to be dosage dependent. This investigation clearly showed that P. dioica can impair normal hepatic and renal functions. This is an indication that the extracts may not be completely safe in male rats when continuously administered for 14. days. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.	Body weight; Function indices; Haematological parameters; Marker enzymes; Phytolacca dioica	alanine aminotransferase; albumin; alkaline phosphatase; alkaloid; aspartate aminotransferase; bilirubin; calcium; creatinine; flavonoid; globulin; herbaceous agent; phenol derivative; Phytolacca dioica extract; plant lectin; saponin; tannin; triterpenoid; unclassified drug; urea; uric acid; alanine aminotransferase blood level; albumin blood level; alkaline phosphatase blood level; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; article; aspartate aminotransferase blood level; berry; calcium blood level; controlled study; creatinine blood level; dose response; drug safety; hyperbilirubinemia; liver toxicity; male; nephrotoxicity; nonhuman; phytochemistry; Phytolacca dioica; Phytolaccaceae; plant leaf; rat; toxicity testing; urea blood level; uric acid blood level; weight reduction; Animals; Fruit; Kidney Function Tests; Liver Function Tests; Male; Phytolacca; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Animalia; Phytolacca dioica; Rattus; Rattus norvegicus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959314835	Performance of starter broilers fed raw pigeon pea [Cajanus Cajan (L.) Millsp.] seed meal diets supplemented with lysine and or methionine	Amaefule K.U., Ukpanah U.A., Ibok A.E.	2011	International Journal of Poultry Science	10	3	10.3923/ijps.2011.205.211	Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Amaefule, K.U., Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Ukpanah, U.A., Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Ibok, A.E., Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Performance of starter broilers fed raw Pigeon Pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] Seed Meal (PSM) diets supplemented with lysine and or methionine was determined with 270 unsexed broilers. The experimental design was 2 x 4 factorial in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with each dietary treatment replicated three times and 10 broilers per replicate. The factors were inclusion level of raw PSM (30 and 40%) and amino acid supplementation (no supplementation, lysine, methionine and lysine + methionine). There was a conventional maize-soybean diet as positive control while raw PSM without supplementation was the negative control. Lysine and methionine supplementation were 0.10 and 0.25%, respectively. Performance criteria measured were weight gain, feed intake, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) and live weight at 4'h week. Results showed that broilers fed methionine or lysine + methionine supplemented diets had significantly (p<0.05) higher live weight, live weight gain, feed intake and significantly (p<0.05) lower protein intake than broilers fed diet supplemented with lysine. Amino acid supplementation significantly (p<0.05) affected only live weight and daily weight gain of broilers. The diet of 40% raw PSM significantly (p<0.05) increased cost per kg feed and daily feed cost more than 30% PSM diet. It was concluded that starter broilers could be fed up to 40% raw Pigeon Pea Seed Meal (PSM) diet without adverse effect on performance of starter birds. However, the diet of 30% PSM should be supplemented with methionine and that of 40% with lysine + methionine. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2011.	Lysine; Methionine; Performance; Raw pigeon pea seed meal; Starter broilers	Aves; Cajanus cajan; Glycine max; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924097953	Evaluation of the polyphenolic contents and some antioxidant properties of aqueous extracts of Garlic, Ginger, Cayenne Pepper and their mixture	Otunola G.A., Afolayan A.J.	2013	Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality	86	1	10.5073/JABFQ.2013.086.010	Centre for Phytomedicine Research, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alicee, South Africa	Otunola, G.A., Centre for Phytomedicine Research, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alicee, South Africa; Afolayan, A.J., Centre for Phytomedicine Research, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alicee, South Africa	Garlic (Allium sativum), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), and Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum frutescens) are common culinary spices that are used singly or combined in the diet of many populations of the world and there is a long-held belief of their health-enhancing properties. This study investigated the aqueous extracts each of garlic, ginger, cayenne pepper and a combination of the three for polyphenolic and antioxidant properties that might justify such claims. Antioxidant activities were studied using DPPH, ABTS, nitric oxide radical scavenging activities and reducing power assay. Each of the spice extracts showed high content of phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols and proanthocyanidins, with the pepper extract exhibiting the highest concentration of each polyphenol investigated. The antioxidant activities of the spices and their mixture were concentration dependent, though positively comparable with the standards used. Among the extracts, the mixture exhibited the highest antioxidant activity compared to the individual spices and standards probably due to a synergistic effect of combining the spices. The present study confirmed that the aqueous extracts of garlic, ginger and pepper exhibited significant polyphenolic content and antioxidant potentials.	None	antioxidant; aqueous solution; concentration (composition); herb; phenolic compound; plant extract; population structure; Allium sativum; Capsicum annuum; Capsicum frutescens; Zingiber officinale	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70449086303	Intergenerational struggles over urban housing: The impact on livelihoods of the elderly in Zimbabwe	Paradza G.G.	2009	Gender and Development	17	3	10.1080/13552070903298410	Centre for Policy Studies, Braamfontein, South Africa	Paradza, G.G., Centre for Policy Studies, Braamfontein, South Africa	Legislative and economic changes in Zimbabwe have caused a confrontation between the younger and older generations over resources, with bad consequences for both. This article is based on research into the experiences of families living in both rural and urban areas. Since women normally outlive their husbands, struggles over property are common when husbands die. For elderly women, ownership of urban housing does not necessarily lead to control. Hence, owning property does not in itself ensure they can ensure economic security from it. © Oxfam GB 2009.	Elderly; Housing; Inheritance; Livelihood; Tenure; Urban; Zimbabwe	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-53549127285	Developing health systems research capacities through north-south partnership: An evaluation of collaboration with South Africa and Thailand	Mayhew S.H., Doherty J., Pitayarangsarit S.	2008	Health Research Policy and Systems	6	None	10.1186/1478-4505-6-8	Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; International Health Policy Program, Bureau of Health Policy and Strategy, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand	Mayhew, S.H., Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Doherty, J., School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Pitayarangsarit, S., International Health Policy Program, Bureau of Health Policy and Strategy, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand	Background: Over the past ten years, calls to strengthen health systems research capacities in low and middle income countries have increased. One mechanism for capacity development is the partnering of northern and southern institutions. However, detailed case-studies of north-south partnerships, at least in the domain of health systems research, remain limited. This study aims to evaluate the partnerships developed between the Health Economics and Financing Programme of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and three research partners in South Africa and Thailand to strengthen health economics-related research capacity. Methods: Data from programme documents were collected over five years to measure quantitative indicators of capacity development. Qualitative data were obtained from 25 in-depth interviews with programme staff from South Africa, Thailand and London. Results and Discussion: Five years of formal partnership resulted in substantial strengthening of individual research skills and moderate instituonalised strengthening in southern partner institutions. Activities included joint proposals, research and articles, staff exchange and post-graduate training. In Thailand, individual capacities were built through post-graduate training and the partner institution developed this as part of a package aimed at retaining young researchers at the institution. In South Africa, local post-graduate teaching programs were strengthened, regular staff visits/exchanges initiated and maintained and funding secured for several large-scale, multi-partner projects. These activities could not have been achieved without good personal relationships between members of the partner institutions, built on trust developed over twenty years. In South Africa, a critical factor was the joint appointment of a London staff member on long-term secondment to one of the partner institutions. Conclusion: As partnerships mature the needs of partners change and new challenges emerge. Partners' differing research priorities (national v international; policy-led v academic-led) need to be balanced and equitable funding mechanisms developed recognising the needs and constraints faced by both southern and northern partners. Institutionalising partnerships (through long-term development of trust, engagement of a broad range of staff in joint activities and joint appointment of staff), and developing responsive mechanisms for governing these partnerships (through regular joint negotiation of research priorities and funding issues), can address these challenges in mutually acceptable ways. Indeed, by late 2005 the partnership under scrutiny in this paper had evolved into a wider consortium involving additional partners, more explicit mechanisms for managing institutional relationships and some core funding for partners. Most importantly, this study has shown that it is possible for long-term north-south partnership commitments to yield fruit and to strengthen the capacities of public health research and training institutions in less developed countries. © 2008 Mayhew et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	article; cooperation; developed country; health care system; health economics; interview; medical research; policy; postgraduate education; public health; publication; South Africa; Thailand; United Kingdom	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350625511	The demographic impact of HIV and AIDS across the family and household life-cycle: Implications for efforts to strengthen families in sub-Saharan Africa	Hosegood V.	2009	AIDS Care - Psychological and Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV	21	SUPPL. 1	10.1080/09540120902923063	Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; CYFSD, HSRC, Dalbridge, South Africa; Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies/UKZN, Durban, South Africa	Hosegood, V., Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, CYFSD, HSRC, Dalbridge, South Africa, Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies/UKZN, Durban, South Africa	HIV is no longer a new or emerging disease in southern Africa. In the era of HIV and AIDS, families and households have continued to form, build, migrate and dissolve. Children born in the 1980s with the risk of mother-to-child HIV transmission have already gone on to start the next generation of families and households. Isolating the impact of HIV and AIDS on families and households is complex given that the epidemic has become part of the direction and force of contemporary demographic, social and economic processes and trends. Cycles of family and household life have occurred in a changing HIV and AIDS public-health environment, one in which HIV treatment access has increased rapidly. As part of an on-going process to assess the relevance and effectiveness of policies and programmes designed to protect and support children affected by HIV and AIDS, it is necessary to update our knowledge about the family and household circumstances in which children live. This paper summarises findings from a review on the Demographic Evidence of Family and Household Changes in Response to the Effects of HIV/AIDS in Southern Africa: Implications for Efforts to Strengthen Families. The review examined published literature presenting data from empirical studies, primarily large, cross-sectional or longitudinal population-based or sample surveys. The family or household life-cycle is used as a conceptual and organisational framework. The implications of the demographic evidence are discussed in relation to policy and programme responses to strengthen families and households in the region. © 2009 Taylor & Francis.	Demographic impact True; Demography; Families; HIV/AIDS; Households	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Africa; article; demography; family counseling; health care policy; health program; health survey; household; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; marriage; nonhuman; priority journal; professional practice; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adolescent; Adult; Africa South of the Sahara; Child; Child Welfare; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Family Characteristics; Family Health; Female; Health Surveys; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Reproductive Health; Socioeconomic Factors; Vulnerable Populations; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-30444439713	New U-Pb SHRIMP zircon age for the Schurwedraai alkali granite: Implications for pre-impact development of the Vredefort Dome and extent of Bushveld magmatism, South Africa	Graham I.T., De Waal S.A., Armstrong R.A.	2005	Journal of African Earth Sciences	43	5	10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.09.009	Centre for Research on Magmatic Ore Deposits, Department of Geology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Department of Geoscience, Australian Museum, 6 College St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; PRISE, Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia	Graham, I.T., Centre for Research on Magmatic Ore Deposits, Department of Geology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa, Department of Geoscience, Australian Museum, 6 College St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; De Waal, S.A., Centre for Research on Magmatic Ore Deposits, Department of Geology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Armstrong, R.A., PRISE, Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia	The Schurwedraai alkali granite is one of a number of prominent ultramafic-mafic and felsic intrusions in the Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic sub-vertical supracrustal collar rocks of the Vredefort Dome, South Africa. The alkali granite intruded the Neoarchaean Witwatersrand Supergroup and has a peralkaline to peraluminous composition. A new zircon SHRIMP crystallization age of 2052 ± 14 Ma for the Schurwedraai alkali granite places it statistically before the Vredefort impact event at 2023 ± 4 Ma and within the accepted emplacement interval of 2050-2060 Ma of the Bushveld magmatic event. The presence of the alkali granite and associated small ultramafic-mafic intrusions in the Vredefort collar rocks extends the southern extremity of Bushveld-related intrusions to some 120 km south of Johannesburg and about 150 km south of the current outcrop area of the Bushveld Complex. The combined effect of these ultramafic-mafic and felsic bodies may have contributed to a pronouncedly steep pre-impact geothermal gradient in the Vredefort area, and to the amphibolite-grade metamorphism observed in the supracrustal collar rocks of the Vredefort Dome. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Bushveld; Schurwedraai; SHRIMP; Vredefort; Witwatersrand	alkaline rock; geochronology; granite; Precambrian; Africa; Free State; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Vredefort Dome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-59749097626	The impact of exchange rate movements on employment: The economy-wide effect of a rand appreciation	Ngandu S.N.C.	2009	Development Southern Africa	26	1	10.1080/03768350802640180	Centre for Poverty, Employment and Growth, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa	Ngandu, S.N.C., Centre for Poverty, Employment and Growth, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa	There has been some debate on the impact of exchange rate volatility and levels in South Africa. This is a particular concern as South Africa needs to dramatically expand sustainable employment and at the same time raise value-added in its production of goods and services. These are not necessarily complementary objectives for a mineral-exporting economy. Using a computable general equilibrium model, with the appreciation induced by a commodity price boom, this paper analyses the possible impact of an appreciation of the rand on employment. The intention is to identify the impact on both aggregate employment and sectoral output. Although the economy does well as a result of the commodity boom, the results indicate the potential for 'Dutch Disease' - type effects. Almost all traded sectors are negatively affected, while the non-traded sectors experience a boost as a result of the appreciation.	None	commodity price; computable general equilibrium analysis; currency market; economic impact; employment; exchange rate; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919460553	Evaluation of the implementation of a phd capacity-building program for nurses in South Africa	Sheehan A., Comiskey C., Williamson C., Mgutshini T.	2015	Nursing Research	64	1	10.1097/NNR.0000000000000069	Centre for Practice and Healthcare Innovation, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, 24 D'Olier St., Dublin 2, Ireland; SANTRUST, Durban, South Africa; University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa	Sheehan, A., Centre for Practice and Healthcare Innovation, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, 24 D'Olier St., Dublin 2, Ireland; Comiskey, C., Centre for Practice and Healthcare Innovation, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, 24 D'Olier St., Dublin 2, Ireland; Williamson, C., SANTRUST, Durban, South Africa; Mgutshini, T., University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa	Background: Nursing is experiencing a significant deficit in research capacity needed to meet future global healthcare demands-there is a call to double the number of nurses and healthcare professionals with a doctorate. Aim: The aim of this research was to evaluate the implementation of a national PhD capacity-building program for academic and practice-based nurses and other healthcare professionals in South Africa.Methods: An implementation science framework was used. Implementation of the program across two national, longitudinal cohorts of participants was studied. Evidence of enablers and barriers to implementation was obtained from multiple data sources, including the curriculum for the program, regular evaluation reports from program participants and program facilitators after each stage of the PhD curriculum delivery, and meeting notes. Supplementary sources included rates of PhD candidate recruitment, retention, and successful completion.Results: Evidence for the presence of enablers for successful implementation was found, including stakeholder consultation and buy-in, leadership, resources, staff capacity, and implementation teams. No evidence of an implementation plan, a supportive organizational culture, or effective ongoing communication at Stage 4 of the implementation process was found. Barriers to implementation included external environmental factors, resistance to change, and vested interests.Discussion: Within the context of a recognized worldwide shortage of nursing scientists, the application of an implementation science framework to evaluate the initial stages of a national PhD development program rollout provided information on how effective implementation can be strengthened and how barriers to success can be overcome. © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	International educational exchange; Nursing research; South Africa	adult; cohort analysis; curriculum; education; human; nursing education; organization; organization and management; program evaluation; South Africa; Adult; Cohort Studies; Curriculum; Education, Nursing, Graduate; Humans; Nursing Education Research; Organizational Culture; Program Evaluation; School Admission Criteria; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930571206	Impacts of new universities on hosting cities and the implications for Kimberley, Northern Cape, South Africa	Kleinsmith D., Horn A.	2015	Development Southern Africa	32	4	10.1080/0376835X.2015.1039712	Centre for Regional and Urban Innovation and Statistical Exploration (CRUISE), University of Stellenbosch, Chamber of Mines (Geology) Building, Corner of Merriman Avenue and Ryneveld Street, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Centre for Regional and Urban Innovation and Statistical Exploration (CRUISE), University of Stellenbosch, Chamber of Mines (Geology) Building, Corner of Merriman Avenue and Ryneveld Street, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Kleinsmith, D., Centre for Regional and Urban Innovation and Statistical Exploration (CRUISE), University of Stellenbosch, Chamber of Mines (Geology) Building, Corner of Merriman Avenue and Ryneveld Street, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Horn, A., Centre for Regional and Urban Innovation and Statistical Exploration (CRUISE), University of Stellenbosch, Chamber of Mines (Geology) Building, Corner of Merriman Avenue and Ryneveld Street, Stellenbosch, South Africa	This research investigated the impact of the establishment of a new university on hosting cities by reviewing the literature on such impacts. The aim of the article is to establish the likely impact of a new university (Sol Plaatjie University) to be established in the city of Kimberley during 2014. The study found that generally a university could impact its hosting city in terms of its local economy, employment, human capital, social character and real-estate market. Given the current characteristics and demographic profile of Kimberley, it is likely that positive impacts of a new university in Kimberley would include increased spending capacity in the local economy and short-term employment gains during construction of the university infrastructure. The proposed university could, however, exacerbate the existing pressure on the rental market in Kimberley and encourage the out-migration of specific skilled professionals. The research concludes with a number of steps to be taken by a hosting city that could contribute to strengthening a university's role as an anchor for urban development. © 2015 Government Technical Advisory Centre (GTAC).	demographic impact; Kimberley; local economic impact; Northern Cape; university	demography; economic impact; employment; human capital; local economy; university sector; urban development; Kimberley [Northern Cape]; Northern Cape; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874629174	Migration, Geographies of Marginality and Informality-Impacts on Upper and Lower Ends of Urban Systems in the North and South	Geyer H.S., Geyer H.S., Du Plessis D.J.	2013	European Planning Studies	21	3	10.1080/09654313.2012.716248	Centre for Regional and Urban Innovation and Statistical Exploration (CRUISE), University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Geyer, H.S., Centre for Regional and Urban Innovation and Statistical Exploration (CRUISE), University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Geyer, H.S., Centre for Regional and Urban Innovation and Statistical Exploration (CRUISE), University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Du Plessis, D.J., Centre for Regional and Urban Innovation and Statistical Exploration (CRUISE), University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Since the onset of post-industrialism, the research focus in the developed world has increasingly shifted to the role of the information and communication technology, knowledge workers and the creative sector in the global economy. It has led to what could be described as an iceberg approach to economic research. In this approach, the focus is primarily on what happens in the part of the global economic iceberg above the waterline-the "clean", "fast-moving", "technologically advanced" elements of the global economy. However another element of the global economy, the informal sector, is growing at an alarming rate in cities in both the developed and developing worlds. These activities are unobtrusively operating in a part of the iceberg below the waterline that receives relatively little attention from the research community. The purposes of this paper are to demonstrate how the information networks created in the iceberg above the waterline are being used by a growing section of the society in the developing world in order to reach first-world destinations. It shows how informality is changing the urban landscape in first-world cities where large concentrations of non-Western populations occur. The paper then shifts its attention to the overwhelmingly informally driven economies of African cities and outlines the inappropriateness of standard economic measures to accurately portray conditions there. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	None	developing world; global economy; marginalization; migration; urban development; urban geography; urban growth; urban system; Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84948180161	The impact of health service variables on healthcare access in a low resourced urban setting in the Western Cape, South Africa	Scheffler E., Visagie S., Schneider M.	2015	African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine	7	1	10.4102/phcfm.v7i1.820	Centre for Rehabilitation Studies, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Psychology Department, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Scheffler, E., Centre for Rehabilitation Studies, Stellenbosch University, South Africa, Psychology Department, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Visagie, S., Centre for Rehabilitation Studies, Stellenbosch University, South Africa, Psychology Department, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Schneider, M., Psychology Department, Stellenbosch University, South Africa, Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Background: Health care access is complex and multi-faceted and, as a basic right, equitable access and services should be available to all user groups. Objectives: The aim of this article is to explore how service delivery impacts on access to healthcare for vulnerable groups in an urban primary health care setting in South Africa. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study design was used. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with purposively sampled participants and analysed through thematic content analysis. Results: Service delivery factors are presented against five dimensions of access according to the ACCESS Framework. From a supplier perspective, the organisation of care in the study setting resulted in available, accessible, affordable and adequate services as measured against the District Health System policies and guidelines. However, service providers experienced significant barriers in provision of services, which impacted on the quality of care, resulting in poor client and provider satisfaction and ultimately compromising acceptability of service delivery. Although users found services to be accessible, the organisation of services presented them with challenges in the domains of availability, affordability and adequacy, resulting in unmet needs, low levels of satisfaction and loss of trust. These challenges fuelled perceptions of unacceptable services. Conclusion: Well developed systems and organisation of services can create accessible, affordable and available primary healthcare services, but do not automatically translate into adequate and acceptable services. Focussing attention on how services are delivered might restore the balance between supply (services) and demand (user needs) and promote universal and equitable access. © 2015. The Authors.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82855175182	Occurrence and persistence of water level/salinity states and the ecological impacts for St Lucia estuarine lake, South Africa	Lawrie R.A., Stretch D.D.	2011	Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science	95	1	10.1016/j.ecss.2011.08.007	Centre for Research in Environmental, Coastal and Hydrological Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Surveying and Construction, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa	Lawrie, R.A., Centre for Research in Environmental, Coastal and Hydrological Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Surveying and Construction, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa; Stretch, D.D., Centre for Research in Environmental, Coastal and Hydrological Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Surveying and Construction, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa	The St Lucia estuarine lake in South Africa forms part of a World Heritage Site and is an important local source of biodiversity. Like many estuarine systems worldwide, St Lucia has experienced significant anthropogenic impacts over the past century. Abstractions have decreased fresh water inflows from the lake catchments by about 20%. Furthermore the Mfolozi river, which previously shared a common inlet with St Lucia and contributed additional fresh water during droughts, was diverted from the system in 1952 because of its high silt loads. The separated St Lucia mouth was subsequently kept artificially open until the onset of a dry period in 2002 when the mouth was left to close naturally. These changes and the current drought have placed the system under severe stress with unprecedented hypersaline conditions coupled with desiccation of large portions of the lake. Long-term simulations of the water and salt balance were used to estimate the occurrence and persistence of water levels and salinities for different management scenarios. The risks of desiccation and hyper-salinity were assessed for each case. The results show that the configuration of the Mfolozi/St Lucia inlets plays a key role in the physicochemical environment of the system. Without the Mfolozi link desiccation (of about 50% of the lake area) would occur for 32% of the time for an average duration of 15 months. Artificially maintaining an open mouth would decrease the chance of desiccation but salinities would exceed 65 about 17% of the time. Restoring the Mfolozi link would reduce the occurrence of both desiccation and hypersaline conditions and a mostly open mouth state would occur naturally. Integrating these modeled scenarios with observed biological responses due to changes in salinity and water depth suggests that large long-term changes in the biological structure can be expected in the different management scenarios. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	Biological responses; Persistence times; Salinity; St Lucia; Water level	anthropogenic effect; biodiversity; desiccation; long-term change; physicochemical property; restoration ecology; salinity; water depth; water level; World Heritage Site; KwaZulu-Natal; Lake Saint Lucia; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70449397355	Paediatric HIV management at primary care level: An evaluation of the integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) guidelines for HIV	Horwood C., Vermaak K., Rollins N., Haskins L., Nkosi P., Qazi S.	2009	BMC Pediatrics	9	None	10.1186/1471-2431-9-59	Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo Road, Durban 4013, South Africa; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo Road, Durban 4013, South Africa; Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia 1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland	Horwood, C., Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo Road, Durban 4013, South Africa; Vermaak, K., Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo Road, Durban 4013, South Africa; Rollins, N., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo Road, Durban 4013, South Africa, Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia 1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland; Haskins, L., Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo Road, Durban 4013, South Africa; Nkosi, P., Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo Road, Durban 4013, South Africa; Qazi, S., Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia 1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland	Background: Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) is a WHO/UNICEF strategy to improve child survival in resource poor settings. South Africa adopted IMCI in 1997, and IMCI guidelines were adapted to include identification and management of HIV infected and exposed children. This study describes the validity of the IMCI/HIV algorithm when used by IMCI experts, the use of IMCI/HIV guidelines by IMCI trained health workers in routine clinical practice, and the burden of HIV among children under 5 years attending first level health facilities. Methods: Seventy seven randomly selected IMCI trained health workers were observed in 74 health facilities in two provinces of South Africa. Consultations were observed with 1357 sick children; each child was reassessed by an IMCI expert to confirm the correct findings. Consent was requested for HIV testing of all children who attended with a parent or legal guardian. Positive rapid HIV tests were confirmed with HIV PCR in children aged less than 18 months. HIV positive children had a CD4 count and HIV clinical staging done. Results: Of 1064 children with HIV results available, 76 (7.1% CI: 5.7% - 8.9%) children were confirmed HIV positive. IMCI experts using the HIV algorithm classified 54/76 (71.1% CI: 59.5%-80.9%) HIV positive children as suspected symptomatic HIV, and 15/22 remaining HIV positive children were identified as HIV exposed. Therefore, 69/76 (90.8% CI: 81.9-96.2) HIV infected children were identified by IMCI experts. No classification was made for HIV by observed health workers in 899/1357(66.2%) children. Conclusion: 906/1243(72.9%) mothers had been tested previously for HIV, of whom 221(24.4%) reported testing positive. Of 221 children therefore identified as HIV exposed, only 78(35.3%) had been tested for HIV within routine services. The HIV algorithm is a valid tool for identifying HIV infected and exposed children when correctly and comprehensively implemented. However, it is not being used by IMCI trained health workers in routine practise, leading to a failure to implement life saving interventions. © 2009 Horwood et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	antiretrovirus agent; cotrimoxazole; nevirapine; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; child; child health care; clinical protocol; continuing education; health care personnel; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; major clinical study; polymerase chain reaction; practice guideline; preschool child; primary medical care; South Africa; Algorithms; Child, Preschool; Delivery of Health Care, Integrated; HIV; HIV Infections; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Outcome Assessment (Health Care); Practice Guidelines as Topic; Primary Health Care; Retrospective Studies; South Africa; Survival Rate	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70449504151	Experiences of training and implementation of integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) in South Africa: A qualitative evaluation of the IMCI case management training course	Horwood C., Voce A., Vermaak K., Rollins N., Qazi S.	2009	BMC Pediatrics	9	None	10.1186/1471-2431-9-62	Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo Road, Durban 4013, South Africa; Department of Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo Road, Durban 4013, South Africa; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo Road, Durban 4013, South Africa; Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia 1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland	Horwood, C., Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo Road, Durban 4013, South Africa; Voce, A., Department of Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo Road, Durban 4013, South Africa; Vermaak, K., Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo Road, Durban 4013, South Africa; Rollins, N., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo Road, Durban 4013, South Africa, Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia 1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland; Qazi, S., Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia 1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland	Background: Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) is a strategy to reduce mortality and morbidity in children under-5 years by improving management of common illnesses at primary level. IMCI has been shown to improve health worker performance, but constraints have been identified in achieving sufficient coverage to improve child survival, and implementation remains sub-optimal. At the core of the IMCI strategy is a clinical guideline whereby health workers use a series of algorithms to assess and manage a sick child, and give counselling to carers. IMCI is taught using a structured 11-day training course that combines classroom work with clinical practise; a variety of training techniques are used, supported by comprehensive training materials and detailed instructions for facilitators. Methods: We conducted focus group discussions with IMCI trained health workers to explore their experiences of the methodology and content of the IMCI training course, whether they thought they gained the skills required for implementation, and their experiences of follow-up visits. Results: Health workers found the training interesting, informative and empowering, and there was consensus that it improved their skills in managing sick children. They appreciated the variety of learning methods employed, and felt that repetition was important to reinforce knowledge and skills. Facilitators were rated highly for their knowledge and commitment, as well as their ability to identify problems and help participants as required. However, health workers felt strongly that the training time was too short to acquire skills in all areas of IMCI. Their increased confidence in managing sick children was identified by health workers as an enabling factor for IMCI implementation in the workplace, but additional time required for IMCI consultations was expressed as a major barrier. Although follow-up visits were described as very helpful, these were often delayed and there was no ongoing clinical supervision. Conclusion: The IMCI training course was reported to be an effective method of acquiring skills, but more time is required, either during the course, or with follow-up, to improve IMCI implementation. Innovative solutions may be required to ensure that adequate skills are acquired and maintained. © 2009 Horwood et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	article; case management; child care; child health care; childhood disease; consensus development; consultation; controlled study; follow up; health care personnel; health care planning; health education; human; information processing; learning style; problem identification; professional knowledge; skill; South Africa; training; work experience; workplace; Case Management; Child; Delivery of Health Care, Integrated; Education, Professional; Health Policy; Humans; Pediatrics; Program Evaluation; Quality of Health Care; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955366010	Prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programme in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: An evaluation of PMTCT implementation and integration into routine maternal, child and women's health services	Horwood C., Haskins L., Vermaak K., Phakathi S., Subbaye R., Doherty T.	2010	Tropical Medicine and International Health	15	9	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2010.02576.x	Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo Road, Durban 4013, South Africa; Medical Research Council, Health Systems Research Unit, Cape Town, South Africa	Horwood, C., Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo Road, Durban 4013, South Africa; Haskins, L., Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo Road, Durban 4013, South Africa; Vermaak, K., Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo Road, Durban 4013, South Africa; Phakathi, S., Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo Road, Durban 4013, South Africa; Subbaye, R., Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo Road, Durban 4013, South Africa; Doherty, T., Medical Research Council, Health Systems Research Unit, Cape Town, South Africa	Objectives To evaluate prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) implementation and integration of PMTCT with routine maternal and child health services in two districts of KwaZulu-Natal; to report PMTCT coverage, to compare recorded and reported information, and to describe responsibilities of nurses and lay counsellors. Methods Interviews were conducted with mothers in post-natal wards (PNW) and immunisation clinics; antenatal and child health records were reviewed. Interviews were conducted with nurses and lay counsellors in primary health care clinics. Results Eight hundred and eighty-two interviews were conducted with mothers: 398 in PNWs and 484 immunisation clinics. During their recent pregnancy, 98.6% women attended antenatal care (ANC); 60.8% attended their first ANC in the third trimester, and 97.3% were tested for HIV. Of 312 mothers reporting themselves HIV positive during ANC, 91.3% received nevirapine, 78.2% had a CD4 count carried out, and 33.1% had a CD4 result recorded. In the immunisation clinic, 47.6% HIV-exposed babies had a PCR test, and 47.0% received co-trimoxazole. Of HIV-positive mothers, 42.1% received follow-up care, mainly from lay counsellors. In 12/26 clinics, there was a dedicated PMTCT nurse, PCR testing was not offered in 14/26 clinics, and co-trimoxazole was unavailable in 13/26 immunisation clinics. Nurses and lay counsellors disagreed about their roles and responsibilities, particularly in the post-natal period. Conclusions There is high coverage of PMTCT interventions during pregnancy and delivery, but follow-up of mothers and infants is poor. Poor integration of PMTCT services into routine care, lack of clarity about health worker roles and poor record keeping create barriers to accessing services post-delivery. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	health care systems; HIV; infant; programme evaluation; South Africa; vertical infection transmission	cotrimoxazole; nevirapine; child health; disease transmission; health services; human immunodeficiency virus; immunization; pregnancy; womens health; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; clinical evaluation; female; follow up; health care planning; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infection prevention; intrapartum care; maternal care; medical practice; prenatal care; prevention of mother to child transmission program; preventive health service; South Africa; virus transmission; Anti-HIV Agents; Attitude of Health Personnel; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Infant; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Maternal-Child Health Centers; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Postnatal Care; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Prenatal Care; Program Evaluation; South Africa; Women's Health Services; KwaZulu; KwaZulu-Natal; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857643664	Creative Industries, Inequality and Social Development: Developments, Impacts and Challenges in Cape Town	Booyens I.	2012	Urban Forum	23	1	10.1007/s12132-012-9140-6	Centre for Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators, Human Sciences Research Council, Private Bag X9182, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa	Booyens, I., Centre for Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators, Human Sciences Research Council, Private Bag X9182, Cape Town 8000, South Africa, Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa	Creative industries are often regarded as avenues for urban regeneration, economic development and job creation. The growth of creative industries is linked to post-Fordist economic restructuring in cities. As a result, the economic base of cities has moved away from manufacturing to knowledge-intensive and service-based industries. While countries in the Global South generally contribute marginally to the global economy, some countries are seeking to enhance their competitiveness in the global environment and gain from opportunities presented by the creative economy. Policymakers in the Global South have therefore adopted creative industry policies, and often link these to social development outcomes. However, this presents various challenges. The literature indicates that creative industries can exacerbate existing inequalities and marginalise working class residents. Furthermore, the benefits of creative urban renewal do not necessarily reach poor communities. This paper contributes to debates regarding the role of creative industries in the urban economies of cities in the Global South. This reflects on the impacts of creative urban renewal, and the implications for social development and policy. It also considers recent development and challenges around creative industry promotion in Cape Town, with specific reference to the city-fringe neighbourhood of Woodstock. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Cities; Creative industries; Gentrification; Inequality; Post-industrial; Urban renewal	economic development; gentrification; global economy; industrial production; literature review; neighborhood; policy making; resident population; social development; social policy; urban economy; urban renewal; Cape Town; South Africa; Western Cape	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84869055060	Incidence, Clinical Spectrum, Risk Factors and Impact of HIV-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in South Africa	Haddow L.J., Moosa M.-Y.S., Mosam A., Moodley P., Parboosing R., Easterbrook P.J.	2012	PLoS ONE	7	11	10.1371/journal.pone.0040623	Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Infectious Diseases, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Dermatology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Virology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Services, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa	Haddow, L.J., Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Moosa, M.-Y.S., Department of Infectious Diseases, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Mosam, A., Department of Dermatology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Moodley, P., Department of Virology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, National Health Laboratory Services, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa; Parboosing, R., Department of Virology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, National Health Laboratory Services, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa; Easterbrook, P.J., Department of Infectious Diseases, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Background: Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a widely recognised complication of antiretroviral therapy (ART), but there are still limited data from resource-limited settings. Our objective was to characterize the incidence, clinical spectrum, risk factors and contribution to mortality of IRIS in two urban ART clinics in South Africa. Methods and Findings: 498 adults initiating ART in Durban, South Africa were followed prospectively for 24 weeks. IRIS diagnosis was based on consensus expert opinion, and classified by mode of presentation (paradoxical worsening of known opportunistic infection [OI] or unmasking of subclinical disease). 114 patients (22.9%) developed IRIS (36% paradoxical, 64% unmasking). Mucocutaneous conditions accounted for 68% of IRIS events, mainly folliculitis, warts, genital ulcers and herpes zoster. Tuberculosis (TB) accounted for 25% of IRIS events. 18/135 (13.3%) patients with major pre-ART OIs (e.g. TB, cryptococcosis) developed paradoxical IRIS related to the same OI. Risk factors for this type of IRIS were baseline viral load &gt;5.5 vs. &lt;4.5 log10 (adjusted hazard ratio 7.23; 95% confidence interval 1.35-38.76) and ≤30 vs. &gt;30 days of OI treatment prior to ART (2.66; 1.16-6.09). Unmasking IRIS related to major OIs occurred in 25/498 patients (5.0%), and risk factors for this type of IRIS were baseline C-reactive protein ≥25 vs. &lt;25 mg/L (2.77; 1.31-5.85), haemoglobin &lt;10 vs. &gt;12 g/dL (3.36; 1.32-8.52), ≥10% vs. &lt;10% weight loss prior to ART (2.31; 1.05-5.11) and mediastinal lymphadenopathy on pre-ART chest x-ray (9.15; 4.10-20.42). IRIS accounted for 6/25 (24%) deaths, 13/65 (20%) hospitalizations and 10/35 (29%) ART interruptions or discontinuations. Conclusion: IRIS occurred in almost one quarter of patients initiating ART, and accounted for one quarter of deaths in the first 6 months. Priority strategies to reduce IRIS-associated morbidity and mortality in ART programmes include earlier ART initiation before onset of advanced immunodeficiency, improved pre-ART screening for TB and cryptococcal infection, optimization of OI therapy prior to ART initiation, more intensive clinical monitoring in initial weeks of ART, and education of health care workers and patients about IRIS. © 2012 Haddow et al.	None	antiretrovirus agent; C reactive protein; hemoglobin; adult; adverse outcome; antiviral therapy; article; clinical feature; cryptococcosis; disease association; female; folliculitis; genital ulcer; geographic distribution; hemoglobin blood level; herpes zoster; hospitalization; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome; incidence; major clinical study; male; mediastinum lymphadenopathy; morbidity; mortality; mucocutaneous disease; mucosal disease; protein blood level; risk factor; South Africa; thorax radiography; tuberculosis; urban area; verruca vulgaris; virus load; weight reduction; Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Female; Follow-Up Studies; HIV Infections; Humans; Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome; Incidence; Male; Risk Factors; South Africa; Viral Load; Herpes zoster	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951787068	Missed opportunities in TB diagnosis: A TB Process-Based Performance Review tool to evaluate and improve clinical care	Field N., Murray J., Wong M.L., Dowdeswell R., Dudumayo N., Rametsi L., Martinson N., Lipman M., Glynn J.R., Sonnenberg P.	2011	BMC Public Health	11	None	10.1186/1471-2458-11-127	Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa; Rustenburg Platinum Mines, Anglo Platinum, Rustenburg, South Africa; Lonmin PLC, Rustenburg, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Johns Hopkins University Center for TB Research, Baltimore, United States; Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Field, N., Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Murray, J., National Institute for Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Wong, M.L., Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa; Dowdeswell, R., Rustenburg Platinum Mines, Anglo Platinum, Rustenburg, South Africa; Dudumayo, N., Lonmin PLC, Rustenburg, South Africa; Rametsi, L., Rustenburg Platinum Mines, Anglo Platinum, Rustenburg, South Africa; Martinson, N., Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, Johns Hopkins University Center for TB Research, Baltimore, United States; Lipman, M., Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Glynn, J.R., Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Sonnenberg, P., Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom	Background: Traditional tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcome measures, such as cure rate, do not provide insight into the underlying reasons for missing clinical targets. We evaluated a TB Process-Based Performance Review (TB-PBPR) tool, developed to identify "missed opportunities" for timely and accurate diagnosis of TB. The tool enables performance assessment at the level of process and quality of care. Methods. The TB-PBPR tool is a single-page structured flow-sheet that identifies 14 clinical actions (grouped into elicited symptoms, clinical examination and investigations). Medical records from selected deceased patients were reviewed at two South African mine hospitals (A = 56 cases; B = 26 cases), a South African teaching hospital (C = 20 cases) and a UK teaching hospital (D = 13 cases). Results: In hospital A, where autopsy was routine, TB was missed in life in 52% (23/44) of cases and was wrongly attributed as the cause of death in 16% (18/110). Clinical omissions were identified at each hospital and at every stage of clinical management. For example, recording of chest symptoms was omitted in up to 39% of cases, sputum smear examination in up to 85% and chest radiograph in up to 38% of cases respectively. Conclusions: This study introduces the TB-PBPR tool as a novel method to review and evaluate clinical performance in TB management. We found that simple clinical actions were omitted in many cases. The tool, in conjunction with a manual describing best practice, is adaptable to a range of settings, is educational and enables detailed feedback within a TB programme. The TB-PBPR tool and manual are both freely available for general use. © 2011 Field et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	adult; aged; article; female; human; male; medical audit; middle aged; South Africa; standard; teaching hospital; tuberculin test; tuberculosis; United Kingdom; Adult; Aged; Female; Great Britain; Hospitals, Teaching; Humans; Male; Medical Audit; Middle Aged; South Africa; Tuberculin Test; Tuberculosis; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-26444506326	Monitoring and evaluation for social development: A case for social work in South Africa	Noyoo N.	2005	Social Work	41	3	None	Centre for Social Development in Africa, Department of Social Work, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa	Noyoo, N., Centre for Social Development in Africa, Department of Social Work, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa	This paper discusses the processes of monitoring and evaluation, and argues for its centrality in the sphere of social development. In the discussion the need for social workers to play leading roles in executing these processes for a post-apartheid socio-economic and political context is also illuminated.	None	post-apartheid; social development; social work; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; World	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893179157	High performance anode based on a partially fluorinated sulfonated polyether for direct methanol fuel cells operating at 130 C	Mack F., Gogel V., Jörissen L., Kerres J.	2014	Journal of Power Sources	255	None	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.01.029	Centre for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Wuerttemberg, Division 3, Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion, Helmholtzstr. 8, D-89081, Germany; Helmholtz Institute Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 8, D-89081 Ulm, Germany; Institute of Chemical Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Boeblingerstr. 72, D-70199 Stuttgart, Germany; North-West University, Chemical Resource Beneficiation, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Mack, F., Centre for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Wuerttemberg, Division 3, Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion, Helmholtzstr. 8, D-89081, Germany, Helmholtz Institute Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 8, D-89081 Ulm, Germany; Gogel, V., Centre for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Wuerttemberg, Division 3, Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion, Helmholtzstr. 8, D-89081, Germany; Jörissen, L., Centre for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Wuerttemberg, Division 3, Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion, Helmholtzstr. 8, D-89081, Germany; Kerres, J., Centre for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Wuerttemberg, Division 3, Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion, Helmholtzstr. 8, D-89081, Germany, Institute of Chemical Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Boeblingerstr. 72, D-70199 Stuttgart, Germany, North-West University, Chemical Resource Beneficiation, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Due to the disadvantages of the Nafion polymer for the application in the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) especial at temperatures above 100 C several polymers of the hydrocarbon type have already been investigated as membranes and ionomers in the DMFC. Among them were nonfluorinated and partially fluorinated arylene main-chain hydrocarbon polymers. In previous work, sulfonated polysulfone (sPSU) has been applied as the proton-conductive binder in the anode of a DMFC, ending up in good and stable performance. In continuation of this work, in the study presented here a polymer was prepared by polycondensation of decafluorobiphenyl and bisphenol AF. The formed polymer was sulfonated after polycondensation by oleum and the obtained partially fluorinated sulfonated polyether (SFS) was used as the binder and proton conductor in a DMFC anode operating at a temperature of 130 C. The SFS based anode with 5% as ionomer showed comparable performance for the methanol oxidation to Nafion based anodes and significant reduced performance degradation versus Nafion and sPSU based anodes on the Nafion 115 membrane. Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) with the SFS based anode showed drastically improved performance compared to MEAs with Nafion based anodes during operation with lower air pressure at the cathode. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Anode; Catalyst layer; DMFC; Ionomer; Medium temperature; Partially fluorinated sulfonated polyether	Catalyst layers; High-performance anodes; Medium temperature; Membrane electrode assemblies; Partially fluorinated; Performance degradation; Sulfonated polyether; Sulfonated polysulfone; Anodes; Atmospheric pressure; Binders; Ethers; Ionomers; Polycondensation; Polymers; Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84948957369	Direct-to-consumer genetic testing for predicting sports performance and talent identification: Consensus statement	Webborn N., Williams A., McNamee M., Bouchard C., Pitsiladis Y., Ahmetov I., Ashley E., Byrne N., Camporesi S., Collins M., Dijkstra P., Eynon N., Fuku N., Garton F.C., Hoppe N., Holm S., Kaye J., Klissouras V., Lucia A., Maase K., Moran C., North K.N., P	2015	British Journal of Sports Medicine	49	23	10.1136/bjsports-2015-095343	Centre for Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine (SESAME), University of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom; MMU Sports Genomics Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe Green Road, Crewe, United Kingdom; College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom; Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States; FIMS Reference Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine for Anti-Doping Research, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom; Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Kazan, Russian Federation; Clinical Genomics Service, Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia; Department of Social Science, Health and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Aspetar-Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar; Institute of Sport, Exercise, and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Paediatrics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's HospitalVIC, Australia; Coram Chambers, London, United Kingdom; School of Law, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Nuffield Department of Population Health, Centre for Health, Law and Emerging Technologies, University of Oxford, Headington, United Kingdom; Emeritus of Ergophysiology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Universidad Europea and Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Elite Sport Unit, Netherlands Olympic Committee and Netherlands Sports Confederation (NOC and NSF), Utrecht, Netherlands; Physiological Epigenetics Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom; International Federation of Sports Medicine, University of Rome, Rome, Italy	Webborn, N., Centre for Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine (SESAME), University of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom; Williams, A., MMU Sports Genomics Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe Green Road, Crewe, United Kingdom; McNamee, M., College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom; Bouchard, C., Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States; Pitsiladis, Y., FIMS Reference Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine for Anti-Doping Research, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom; Ahmetov, I., Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Kazan, Russian Federation; Ashley, E., Clinical Genomics Service, Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Byrne, N., Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia; Camporesi, S., Department of Social Science, Health and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Collins, M., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Dijkstra, P., Aspetar-Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar; Eynon, N., Institute of Sport, Exercise, and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Fuku, N., Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Garton, F.C., Department of Paediatrics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's HospitalVIC, Australia; Hoppe, N., Coram Chambers, London, United Kingdom; Holm, S., School of Law, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Kaye, J., Nuffield Department of Population Health, Centre for Health, Law and Emerging Technologies, University of Oxford, Headington, United Kingdom; Klissouras, V., Emeritus of Ergophysiology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Lucia, A., Universidad Europea and Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Maase, K., Elite Sport Unit, Netherlands Olympic Committee and Netherlands Sports Confederation (NOC and NSF), Utrecht, Netherlands; Moran, C., Physiological Epigenetics Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom; North, K.N., Department of Paediatrics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's HospitalVIC, Australia; Pigozzi, F., International Federation of Sports Medicine, University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Wang, G., FIMS Reference Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine for Anti-Doping Research, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom	The general consensus among sport and exercise genetics researchers is that genetic tests have no role to play in talent identification or the individualised prescription of training to maximise performance. Despite the lack of evidence, recent years have witnessed the rise of an emerging market of direct-toconsumer marketing (DTC) tests that claim to be able to identify children's athletic talents. Targeted consumers include mainly coaches and parents. There is concern among the scientific community that the current level of knowledge is being misrepresented for commercial purposes. There remains a lack of universally accepted guidelines and legislation for DTC testing in relation to all forms of genetic testing and not just for talent identification. There is concern over the lack of clarity of information over which specific genes or variants are being tested and the almost universal lack of appropriate genetic counselling for the interpretation of the genetic data to consumers. Furthermore independent studies have identified issues relating to quality control by DTC laboratories with different results being reported from samples from the same individual. Consequently, in the current state of knowledge, no child or young athlete should be exposed to DTC genetic testing to define or alter training or for talent identification aimed at selecting gifted children or adolescents. Large scale collaborative projects, may help to develop a stronger scientific foundation on these issues in the future.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33747104303	The effect of Cirina forda larva meal in rabbit diets on performance, carcass quality and nutrient digestibility	Oluremi O.I.A., Bogbenda M., Mkah T.P.	2006	Livestock Research for Rural Development	18	7	None	Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi,Benue State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production, College of Animal Science, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi,Benue State, Niger	Oluremi, O.I.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi,Benue State, Nigeria; Bogbenda, M., Department of Animal Production, College of Animal Science, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi,Benue State, Nigeria; Mkah, T.P., Department of Animal Production, College of Animal Science, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi,Benue State, Nigeria	A ten-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the nutritive potential of Cirina forda larva meal (CFLM) as an animal protein concentrate in rabbit feeding by evaluating growth response, carcass quality and nutrient digestibility. Twenty mixed breed weaner rabbits between 9-11 weeks of age were assigned randomly in groups of five to control diet (CD) and three other diets TD2.5, TD5.0 and TD7.5 containing 2.5. 5.0 and 7.5% CFLM. Rabbit had unrestricted access to drinking water and their respective diets. Diets had significant effects (p&lt;0.01) on feed intake, water consumption and live body weight (LBW). The coefficient of nutrient digestibility, and carcass, visceral and offal indices did not have significant variations (p&gt;0.05) except the forelimb (p&lt;0.05). Rabbit became heavier as feed intake decreased at higher CFLM dietary inclusion, which is an indication of improved feed conversion. The study has shown that CFLM can be used in compounding diets for grower rabbit at 7.5% level of inclusion.	Carcass quality; Cirina forda larva meal; Digestibility; Performance; Rabbit	Animalia; Cirina forda; Oryctolagus cuniculus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-68149118879	Impact of the International Rugby Board's experimental law variations on the incidence and nature of match injuries in southern hemisphere professional rugby union	Fuller C.W., Raftery M., Readhead C., Targett S.G.R., Molloy M.G.	2009	South African Medical Journal	99	4	None	Centre for Sports Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Australian Rugby Union, Sydney, NSW, Australia; South African Rugby Union, Newlands, Cape Town, South Africa; New Zealand Rugby Union, Wellington, New Zealand; International Rugby Board, Dublin, Ireland	Fuller, C.W., Centre for Sports Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Raftery, M., Australian Rugby Union, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Readhead, C., South African Rugby Union, Newlands, Cape Town, South Africa; Targett, S.G.R., New Zealand Rugby Union, Wellington, New Zealand; Molloy, M.G., International Rugby Board, Dublin, Ireland	Objective. To examine the epidemiology of match injuries in southern hemisphere professional rugby union and assess the impact of the International Rugby Board (IRB) Experimental Law Variations. Setting. One-season whole population prospective cohort. Subjects. Twenty-seven teams (813 players) taking part in the 2008 Super 14 and Vodacom Cup competitions. Outcome measures. Incidence, severity, location, type and cause of injury. Results. The incidence in the Super 14 competition (96.3 injuries/1 000 player-match hours; 95% confidence interval (CI) 69.0 - 111.7) was significantly higher (p=0.003) than that in the Vodacom Cup (71.2; CI 60.0 - 84.5); injury severity was significantly lower (p<0.001) in the Super 14 (mean 13.4 days; median 5) than the Vodacom Cup (mean 21.2; median 12). There were no significant differences between the two competitions in type or location of injury: lower limb muscle/tendon (Super 14: 27.8%; Vodacom Cup: 25.7%) and joint (non-bone)/ligament (Super 14: 18.8%; Vodacom Cup: 24.3%) were the most common injuries. Injury causation was similar for the two competitions but there were significantly fewer ruck/maul (p=0.001) and more tackled (p=0.010) injuries in Super 14 compared with English Premiership rugby and fewer collision (p=0.002) and more tackling (p<0.001) injuries compared with Rugby World Cup. In the Vodacom Cup, there were significantly more tackling (p<0.001) injuries compared with Rugby World Cup. Conclusion. The incidence, nature and causes of injuries in southern hemisphere professional club rugby played under IRB Experimental Law Variations were similar to those for professional club rugby in the northern hemisphere and Rugby World Cup played under the previous Laws of Rugby.	None	adult; article; athlete; competition; controlled study; human; incidence; injury severity; joint injury; leg muscle; ligament injury; major clinical study; rugby; sport injury; sporting event; tendon injury; athletic performance; Australia; cohort analysis; football; injury; legal aspect; male; New Zealand; South Africa; standard; Adult; Athletic Injuries; Athletic Performance; Australia; Cohort Studies; Football; Humans; Incidence; Male; New Zealand; South Africa; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920997858	Perceptions of the impact of board members' individual perspectives on the social and environmental performance of companies	Stacey J., Stacey A.	2014	Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy	114	11	None	Centre for Sustainability in Mining and Industry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Stacey, J., Centre for Sustainability in Mining and Industry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Stacey, A., University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Large mining companies generally follow the distributed ownership corporate model, with a board of directors responsible for decisions that affect both shareholder value and stakeholders of the company. The board is simultaneously responsible for setting the culture and values of the corporation, which drive performance and priorities. Companies listed on the Johannesburg Securities Exchange (JSE) commit to sustainable development in various ways, either by virtue of implementing the King Code of Governance 2009 (King III) and/or through their own public reporting on social and environmental matters. Many mining companies make public statements regarding their support for environmental stewardship, ethical behaviour, and fair treatment of communities. It is a local, regional, and indeed, global phenomenon that companies fail to deliver on these statements. Research was carried out through the Institute of Directors of Southern Africa in 2007, and followed up in 2012, regarding directors' understanding of sustainable development issues, the relative priorities, what is needed for 'radical change' to effect sustainable development, and what enables or constrains the latter. Pertinent findings of both surveys are presented in this paper, and it is suggested that 'on-the-ground' performance may be indicative of the nature of leadership and decisions in the topmost ranks of the company. The results indicated that environmental concerns fall consistently below social issues. Financial capital ranked most important, and while environmental issues are recognized as being of strategic concern for the long-term, they ranked as being the lowest importance of all 'Five Capitals' (Financial, Manufactured, Social, Human, and Natural). Social capital ranked second lowest, with black economic empowerment being the only high-priority social issue. There is also evidence that certain companies within the mining sector fail to recognize their absolute dependence on natural resources. Much is made in academic and popular literature of the need for a new type of leadership for the radical shift to sustainable development: at company level this implies therefore a new type of director. The research found that only 14 per cent of directors felt that board decisions are consistent with their personal values; while intentions are strong to behave ethically and serve sustainable development, actions to give effect to these intentions lag significantly. Respondents indicated that the top impediments to courageous leadership for sustainable development related to personal issues of maintaining the image of being a director, fear of appearing weak, fear of being a lone voice, and bowing to board-colleague peer pressure. © The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2014.	Courageous leadership; Decision-making; Personal values; Self-awareness; Sustainable development priorities; Sustainable outcomes	Decision making; Environmental management; Planning; Shareholders; Social aspects; Black economic empowerments; Courageous leadership; Environmental concerns; Environmental stewardship; Personal values; Self awareness; Social and environmental; Sustainable outcomes; Sustainable development	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84954399107	Comprehensive Community Initiative: Evaluation of a transformation system in Mhakwe community in Zimbabwe	Tirivanhu P., Matondi P.B., Groenewald I.	2015	Development Southern Africa	32	6	10.1080/0376835X.2015.1063983	Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, Rural Development and Extension, University of Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Ruzivo Trust, 28 Greendale Drive, Harare, Zimbabwe	Tirivanhu, P., Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, Rural Development and Extension, University of Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Matondi, P.B., Ruzivo Trust, 28 Greendale Drive, Harare, Zimbabwe; Groenewald, I., Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, Rural Development and Extension, University of Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa	This article explores community perceptions on implementation and impacts of the Mhakwe Comprehensive Community Initiative (CCI) in Mhakwe Ward, Zimbabwe. A mixed-methods research methodology was adopted. Qualitative data were collected from action research, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Quantitative data were collected using a structured questionnaire from a random cluster sample, and were analysed using SPSS and Stata with binomial logistic regression to determine factors significantly affecting selected variables and the chi-square test for independence to determine association between variables. Thematic reviews were utilised to analyse qualitative data. Community perceptions on issues affecting multi-stakeholder collaborations, ownership, and control, internal and external enabling factors were explored. The article concludes that leadership development, strengthening family institutions, enhancing ownership and building capacity of local institutions to coordinate such initiatives are fundamental building blocks for CCIs. This article recommends CCIs as a practical framework for empowering marginalised communities. © 2015 Government Technical Advisory Centre (GTAC).	Comprehensive Community Initiative; Mhakwe; Mixed-methods research; Perceptions; Zimbabwe	capacity building; community development; empowerment; local participation; perception; research method; stakeholder; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960200958	Impact of an educational development programme on teaching practice of academics at a research-intensive university	Cilliers F.J., Herman N.	2010	International Journal for Academic Development	15	3	10.1080/1360144X.2010.497698	Centre for Teaching and Learning, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Cilliers, F.J., Centre for Teaching and Learning, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Herman, N., Centre for Teaching and Learning, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Evidence of the impact of educational development (ED) programmes on faculty is often not gathered beyond ascertaining the immediate reactions of participants. This paper reports the results of a study to determine what level of impact an ED programme at a university has had on academics' teaching practice over time. Kirkpatrick's framework provided a useful approach to conceptualise how to examine critically the impact of ED efforts. A series of semi-structured interviews with 14 programme participants and a subsequent questionnaire survey of 248 participants were undertaken. The programme resulted in high-level impact when rated according to Kirkpatrick's framework, including changes to individual behaviour and organisational practice, benefits to academics and perceived benefits to their students. Change was reported up to seven years after participation. These results emphasise the role that a well-designed ED programme can play in enhancing the quality of teaching and assessment practice at a research-intensive university. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.	Educational development; Effectiveness; Faculty development; Impact; Staff development	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872867008	The performance evaluation of a spectrum sensing implementation using an automatic modulation classification detection method with a Universal Software Radio Peripheral	Popoola J.J., Van Olst R.	2013	Expert Systems with Applications	40	6	10.1016/j.eswa.2012.10.047	Centre for Telecommunications Access and Services, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Popoola, J.J., Centre for Telecommunications Access and Services, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Van Olst, R., Centre for Telecommunications Access and Services, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Based on the inherent capability of automatic modulation classification (AMC), a new spectrum sensing method is proposed in this paper that can detect all forms of primary users' signals in a cognitive radio environment. The study presented in this paper focuses on the sensing of some combined analog and digitally primary modulated signals. In achieving this objective, a combined analog and digital automatic modulation classifier was developed using an artificial neural network (ANN). The ANN classifier was combined with a GNU Radio and Universal Software Radio Peripheral version 2 (USRP2) to develop the Cognitive Radio Engine (CRE) for detecting primary users' signals in a cognitive radio environment. The detailed information on the development and performance of the CRE are presented in this paper. The performance evaluation of the developed CRE shows that the engine can reliably detect all the primary modulated signals considered. Comparative performance evaluation carried out on the detection method presented in this paper shows that the proposed detection method performs favorably against the energy detection method currently acclaimed the best detection method. The study results reveal that a single detection method that can reliably detect all forms of primary radio signals in a cognitive radio environment, can only be developed if a feature common to all radio signals is used in its development rather than using features that are peculiar to certain signal types only. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Cognitive radio; Hierarchical access model; Performance evaluation metrics; Spectrum holes; Spectrum sensing techniques	Access models; Automatic modulation; Automatic modulation classification; Cognitive radio engine; Detection methods; Energy detection; GNU radio; Modulated signal; Performance evaluation; Radio environment; Radio signals; Spectrum holes; Spectrum sensing; Amplitude modulation; Cognitive radio; Neural networks; Sensors; Signal detection	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84951171560	Development and comparative study of effects of training algorithms on performance of artificial neural network based analog and digital automatic modulation recognition	Popoola J.J., Van Olst R.	2015	Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review	8	4	None	Centre for Telecommunications Access and Services, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of The Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Ondo State, Akure, Nigeria	Popoola, J.J., Centre for Telecommunications Access and Services, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of The Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg, South Africa; Van Olst, R., Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Ondo State, Akure, Nigeria	This paper proposes two new classifiers that automatically recognise twelve combined analog and digital modulated signals without any a priori knowledge of the modulation schemes and the modulation parameters. The classifiers are developed using pattern recognition approach. Feature keys extracted from the instantaneous amplitude, instantaneous phase and the spectrum symmetry of the simulated signals are used as inputs to the artificial neural network employed in developing the classifiers. The two developed classifiers are trained using scaled conjugate gradient (SCG) and conjugate gradient (CONJGRAD) training algorithms. Sample results of the two classifiers show good success recognition performance with an average overall recognition rate above 99.50% at signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) value from 0 dB and above with the two training algorithms employed and an average overall recognition rate slightly above 99.00% and 96.40% respectively at-5 dB SNR value for SCG and CONJGRAD training algorithms. The comparative performance evaluation of the two developed classifiers using the two training algorithms shows that the two training algorithms have different effects on both the response rate and efficiency of the two developed artificial neural networks classifiers. In addition, the result of the performance evaluation carried out on the overall success recognition rates between the two developed classifiers in this study using pattern recognition approach with the two training algorithms and one reported classifier in surveyed literature using decision-theoretic approach shows that the classifiers developed in this study perform favourably with regard to accuracy and performance probability as compared to classifier presented in previous study. © 2015 Kavala Institute of Technology.	AMR development approaches; Artificial neural networks classification; Automatic modulation recognition (AMR); Modulation recognition families	Algorithms; Amplitude modulation; Conjugate gradient method; Neural networks; Pattern recognition; Signal to noise ratio; Surveys; Automatic modulation recognition; Comparative performance; Decision theoretic approach; Development approach; Instantaneous amplitude; Modulation recognition; Neural networks classifiers; Scaled conjugate gradients; Modulation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899626659	Monitoring microbicide gel use with real-time notification of the container's opening events: Results of the CAPRISA wisebag study	Gengiah T.N., Upfold M., Naidoo A., Mansoor L.E., Feldblum P.J., Abdool Karim Q., Abdool Karim S.S.	2014	AIDS and Behavior	18	5	10.1007/s10461-014-0750-y	Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2nd Floor), University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa; FHI360, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, United States	Gengiah, T.N., Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2nd Floor), University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa; Upfold, M., Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2nd Floor), University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa; Naidoo, A., Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2nd Floor), University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa; Mansoor, L.E., Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2nd Floor), University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa; Feldblum, P.J., FHI360, Durham, NC, United States; Abdool Karim, Q., Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2nd Floor), University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, United States; Abdool Karim, S.S., Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2nd Floor), University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, United States	Accurate estimation of the effectiveness of a microbicide for HIV prevention requires valid measurement of adherence to product use. A microbicide gel applicator container (Wisebag), fitted with cell phone technology to transmit opening events and text message reminders, was developed to monitor each opening event of the container as a proxy for gel use and adherence. Ten women were enrolled in a pilot study and followed for up to 4 months. Wisebag opening (WBO) dates and times were recorded and correlated with self-reported sex acts and gel applicator returns. During the 33 monthly follow-up visits, 47.8 % (77/161) of the recorded number of WBO events were concordant with the number of empty (used) applicators returned. The discrepancies were likely due to removal of more than one applicator during a single opening event. When the date and time of the WBO event data was assessed in relation to three different self-report adherence measures, agreement was fairly modest. The Wisebag was found to be acceptable as a storage container and the cell phone reminders generated were useful in supporting the dosing strategy. We recommend that the Wisebag be considered for larger scale and lengthier testing in microbicide trials. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Adherence; Clinical trials; Electronic monitoring; HIV prevention; Microbicides	antiinfective agent; gel; adult; coitus; devices; drug delivery system; feasibility study; female; follow up; gel; HIV Infections; human; intravaginal drug administration; medication compliance; mobile phone; pilot study; questionnaire; text messaging; Administration, Intravaginal; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Cell Phones; Coitus; Drug Delivery Systems; Feasibility Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gels; HIV Infections; Humans; Medication Adherence; Pilot Projects; Questionnaires; Text Messaging	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877004356	Challenges of Diagnosing Acute HIV-1 Subtype C Infection in African Women: Performance of a Clinical Algorithm and the Need for Point-of-Care Nucleic-Acid Based Testing	Mlisana K., Sobieszczyk M., Werner L., Feinstein A., van Loggerenberg F., Naicker N., Williamson C., Garrett N.	2013	PLoS ONE	8	4	10.1371/journal.pone.0062928	Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Services, Durban, South Africa; Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, The Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Mlisana, K., Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, National Health Laboratory Services, Durban, South Africa; Sobieszczyk, M., Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Werner, L., Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Feinstein, A., Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; van Loggerenberg, F., Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Naicker, N., Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Williamson, C., Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, The Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Garrett, N., Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Background:Prompt diagnosis of acute HIV infection (AHI) benefits the individual and provides opportunities for public health intervention. The aim of this study was to describe most common signs and symptoms of AHI, correlate these with early disease progression and develop a clinical algorithm to identify acute HIV cases in resource limited setting.Methods:245 South African women at high-risk of HIV-1 were assessed for AHI and received monthly HIV-1 antibody and RNA testing. Signs and symptoms at first HIV-positive visit were compared to HIV-negative visits. Logistic regression identified clinical predictors of AHI. A model-based score was assigned to each predictor to create a risk score for every woman.Results:Twenty-eight women seroconverted after a total of 390 person-years of follow-up with an HIV incidence of 7.2/100 person-years (95%CI 4.5-9.8). Fifty-seven percent reported ≥1 sign or symptom at the AHI visit. Factors predictive of AHI included age <25 years (OR = 3.2; 1.4-7.1), rash (OR = 6.1; 2.4-15.4), sore throat (OR = 2.7; 1.0-7.6), weight loss (OR = 4.4; 1.5-13.4), genital ulcers (OR = 8.0; 1.6-39.5) and vaginal discharge (OR = 5.4; 1.6-18.4). A risk score of 2 correctly predicted AHI in 50.0% of cases. The number of signs and symptoms correlated with higher HIV-1 RNA at diagnosis (r = 0.63; p<0.001).Conclusions:Accurate recognition of signs and symptoms of AHI is critical for early diagnosis of HIV infection. Our algorithm may assist in risk-stratifying individuals for AHI, especially in resource-limited settings where there is no routine testing for AHI. Independent validation of the algorithm on another cohort is needed to assess its utility further. Point-of-care antigen or viral load technology is required, however, to detect asymptomatic, antibody negative cases enabling early interventions and prevention of transmission. © 2013 Mlisana et al.	None	antigen p24; virus antibody; virus RNA; acute Human immunodeficiency virus 1 subtype C infection; adult; age; algorithm; anorexia; antibody detection; article; clinical assessment; clinical feature; cohort analysis; controlled study; diagnostic test; diagnostic test accuracy study; disease course; ethnic group; female; genital ulcer; high risk population; HIV test; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; incidence; infection risk; major clinical study; point of care testing; rash; risk assessment; RNA analysis; scoring system; sensitivity and specificity; seroconversion; sore throat; South African; symptom; vagina discharge; virus load; weight reduction; genetics; HIV Infections; hospital information system; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; immunology; mass screening; middle aged; molecular diagnosis; reproducibility; risk; South Africa; young adult; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Adult; Algorithms; Cohort Studies; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Point-of-Care Systems; Reproducibility of Results; Risk; South Africa; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856357730	Assessing the suitability and efficiency of high performance liquid chromatography instrument - A new aproach	Affum A.O., Gyan B.	2011	International Journal of Chemical Sciences	9	4	None	Chemistry Department, National Nuclear Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Immunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Affum, A.O., Chemistry Department, National Nuclear Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Gyan, B., Immunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana	A unique, cheap, precise and a simple analytical instrument qualification (AIQ) method was developed for a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) by using hypoxanthine, a universal nucleobase. This method could be used to determine the suitability of any HPLC that will be used for biomedical, environmental and food sample analysis. The volumetric flow of the mobile phase delivered by the pumps was consistent for given flow rate, with percent relative standard deviation (RSD %) of ± 0.05 % for pump A and B. The hypoxanthine calibration curve for the combined HPLC components in 1% acetonitrile and 0.05 M ammonium phosphate buffer at pH 6, as mobile phase was linear over a concentration range of 4 μM to 20 μM. A correlation coefficient of 0.95 and a sensitivity of 1824.2 AU/μM was obtained. A log-log analysis of the hypoxanthine calibration curve was linear. Column efficiency determined from toluene and biphenyl in 90: 10 % (v/v) methanol/water mixtures at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. was comparable to the results obtained by the manufacturer. In conclusion, it was determined that the HPLC instrument operated within the manufacturer specified and user approved parameters.	Analytical instrument qualification (AIQ); Calibration; Column efficiency; Flow rate; High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); Hypoxanthine; Spectrophotometer	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930698491	Integrating the informal with the formal: An estimation of the impacts of a shift from paratransit line-haul to feeder service provision in Cape Town	Del Mistro R., Behrens R.	2015	Case Studies on Transport Policy	3	2	10.1016/j.cstp.2014.10.001	Centre for Transport Studies, University of Cape Town, Private Bag x3, Rondebosch, South Africa	Del Mistro, R., Centre for Transport Studies, University of Cape Town, Private Bag x3, Rondebosch, South Africa; Behrens, R., Centre for Transport Studies, University of Cape Town, Private Bag x3, Rondebosch, South Africa	Feeder-trunk-distribution service arrangements are a possible means of integrating paratransit services with scheduled services in public transport system reform projects. In such arrangements the transport authority would concentrate on providing or contracting a high capacity trunk service using large vehicles on corridors with the requisite passenger demand, while paratransit operators would be relegated to only providing feeder and distribution services using smaller vehicles in adjacent areas. This paper explores the veracity of a perception amongst paratransit operators in Cape Town that operating feeder services is less lucrative than operating direct services. A public transport cost model is used to explore the implications of such a change in service operation, using cost and travel demand input data currently applicable in Cape Town. The modelling results suggest that individual minibus operators would be more profitable if they only provided feeder/distribution services, but that improved operating efficiencies would come at the cost of a reduction in the required minibus fleet and associated jobs. It is therefore concluded that if a feeder-trunk-distribution scheme is pursued as a means of integrating paratransit into a revitalised public transport system, considerable attention should to be given to developing strategies that absorb as many paratransit operators displaced by high capacity trunk services as possible. Providing feeder and distribution services for new choice passengers attracted to the improved trunk service may hold promise in this regard. © 2014 World Conference on Transport Research Society.	Feeder; Line-haul; Paratransit	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953330486	Impact of pre-treatments on nitrifying bacterial community analysis from wastewater using fluorescent in situ hybridization and confocal scanning laser microscopy	Ramdhani N., Kumari S., Bux F.	2010	Journal of General and Applied Microbiology	56	2	10.2323/jgam.56.101	Centre for Water and Wastewater Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa	Ramdhani, N., Centre for Water and Wastewater Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa; Kumari, S., Centre for Water and Wastewater Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa; Bux, F., Centre for Water and Wastewater Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa	Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) are the key techniques used to investigate bacterial community structure at wastewater treatment plants. An optimum nitrifying bacterial population is necessary for nitrification, which plays a significant ecological role in regulating the overall quality of water. Nitrifying bacteria mainly appear as dense aggregates within activated sludge flocs. The impacts of five different pre-treatment meth-ods (physical, chemical, enzymatic and combinations) on floc dispersion from two different wastewater treatment plants were determined. The effect of pre-treatment on the enumeration of the nitrifying bacterial population was also investigated. This study on floc dispersion using CSLM images showed sonication was the superior method for all the samples tested, irrespec-tive of the sludge type. For samples from industrial wastewater plants, an optimized sonication level of 8 W for 8 min could reduce the floc size to 10 μm, whereas for domestic wastewater samples, the floc size was reduced to 10 μm at 8 W for 5 min. The maximum number of nitrifying bacterial cells was observed at this optimized level for different samples. A decrease in the num-ber of cells was observed beyond this optimized level for both the plants. The results presented here highlight the importance of optimizing pre-treatment methods for different types of waste-water for accurate bacterial community analysis using FISH-CSLM.	Cslm; Fish; Nitrifying bacteria; Pre-treatment; Wastewater	activated sludge; article; confocal laser microscopy; controlled study; environmental impact; flocculation; fluorescence in situ hybridization; microbial community; microbial population dynamics; nitrification; nonhuman; process optimization; ultrasound; waste water treatment plant; water quality; Bacteria; Bacterial Adhesion; Ecosystem; Flocculation; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Microscopy, Confocal; Muramidase; Nitrates; Polyethylene Glycols; Sewage; Sonication; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Water Purification; Bacteria (microorganisms); Ziziphus mauritiana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38349191053	Comparative evaluation of the microbial community in biological processes treating industrial and domestic wastewaters	Degenaar A.P., Ismail A., Bux F.	2008	Journal of Applied Microbiology	104	2	10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03563.x	Centre for Water and Wastewater Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa; Centre for Water and Wastewater Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Durban University of Technology, PO Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa	Degenaar, A.P., Centre for Water and Wastewater Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa; Ismail, A., Centre for Water and Wastewater Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa; Bux, F., Centre for Water and Wastewater Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, Centre for Water and Wastewater Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Durban University of Technology, PO Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa	Aims: Comparison of the microbial composition and process performance between laboratory scale processes treating domestic and vegetable oil wastewaters. Methods and Results: Two laboratory scale modified Ludzack-Ettinger processes were operated under similar operating conditions. One process was fed domestic wastewater and the other an industrial wastewater, vegetable oil effluent. Nitrogen removal capacities of the processes were similar. The industrial process exhibited a lower COD removal capacity and oxygen utilization rate, although a greater mixed liquor volatile suspended solids concentration was observed in the industrial process. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with probes EUBmix, ALF1b, BET42a, GAM42a and HGC69a revealed that 81% and 72% of total cells stained with 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) within the domestic and industrial processes respectively bound to EUBmix. This indicated a slightly lower Eubacterial population within the industrial process. The alpha-proteobacteria was the dominant community in the industrial process (31% of EUBmix), while the beta-proteobacteria dominated the domestic process (33% of EUBmix). Conclusions: The findings served to establish a difference in the microbial population between the processes. Therefore, the class alpha-proteobacteria could play a primary role in the degradation of vegetable oil effluent. Significance and Impact of the Study: This research will aid in process design and retrofitting of biological processes treating vegetable oil effluent. © 2007 The Authors.	Alpha-proteobacteria; Beta-proteobacteria; FISH; Vegetable oil effluent treatment	4',6 diamidino 2 phenylindole; nitrogen; vegetable oil; biodegradation; chemical oxygen demand; comparative study; domestic waste; hybridization; industrial waste; microbial community; vegetable oil; waste treatment; wastewater; Alphaproteobacteria; article; Betaproteobacteria; bioprocess; chemical oxygen demand; comparative study; domestic waste; effluent; fluorescence in situ hybridization; immunocytochemistry; industrial waste; liquid; microbial community; microbial population dynamics; nonhuman; oxygen consumption; waste water management; Alphaproteobacteria; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Betaproteobacteria; Humans; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Industrial Waste; Plant Oils; Proteobacteria; Sewage; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Alphaproteobacteria; Bacteria (microorganisms); Betaproteobacteria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846473188	Hydrologic and hydraulic modelling of the Nyl River floodplain Part 3: Applications to assess ecological impact	Kleynhans M.T., James C.S., Birkhead A.L.	2007	Water SA	33	1	None	Centre for Water in the Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Streamflow Solutions cc, East London, South Africa	Kleynhans, M.T., Centre for Water in the Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; James, C.S., Centre for Water in the Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Birkhead, A.L., Streamflow Solutions cc, East London, South Africa	The ecological functioning of the Nyl River floodplain in the Limpopo Province of South Africa depends on water supplied by catchments which are experiencing continuing water resource development. Hydrological and hydraulic models have been produced to assist in future planning by simulating the effects of developments on ecologically relevant flooding characteristics. The models are applied here to predict the impacts of different development scenarios on the areal extent of suitable habitat for a key species, the Wild Rice (Oryza longistaminata), which can be characterised in terms of the depth, duration and timing of flood events. The results show that historical developments in the contributing catchments have already significantly reduced the area suitable for Wild Rice growth, particularly in relatively dry years, and increased the likely dry period between flooding events. Dam construction on one of the tributaries would reduce the suitable area further in dry to average years and increase the inter-event dry period. Careful dam operation could ameliorate impacts in very dry years, however.	Ecohydraulics; Environmental impact; Hydroecology; Nyl River floodplain; Nylsvlei; Nylsvley Nature Reserve; Wetland modelling; Wetlands	Ecology; Environmental impact; Hydraulic models; Hydraulics; Hydrology; Mathematical models; Wetlands; Hydroecology; River floodplain; Wetland modeling; Rivers; Ecology; Environmental impact; Hydraulic models; Hydraulics; Hydrology; Mathematical models; Rivers; Wetlands; assessment method; catchment; dam construction; ecological impact; floodplain; flow modeling; hydraulics; hydrological modeling; resource development; water resource; water supply; Africa; Limpopo; Nyl River; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Oryza longistaminata; Zizania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866092227	Herbivore and human impacts on woody species dynamics in Maputaland, South Africa	Gaugris J.Y., Vasicek C.A., Van Rooyen M.W.	2012	Forestry	85	4	10.1093/forestry/cps046	Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Wildlife Management and Sustainable Use, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Gaugris, J.Y., Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Vasicek, C.A., Wildlife Management and Sustainable Use, Zurich, Switzerland; Van Rooyen, M.W., Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Maputaland's woodlands are under utilization pressure inside and outside conserved areas due to mounting densities of mammals in the former and increasing human utilization of vegetation in the latter. Conservation of this biodiversity hotspot requires a better understanding of vegetation dynamics. To this purpose, woodland vegetation structure was evaluated at three sites through size class distribution analysis and grain determination, a forestry concept here applied to woodlands. The three sites represented animal disturbance/utilization, human disturbance/utilization and no disturbance/utilization regimes for comparable periods. Common species occurrence patterns differed between sites. The woodlands of all three sites were mostly fine-grained forest-like vegetation units and followed fine-grained forest dynamics closely. The grain model performed successfully for the region's woodlands and proved a good tool to improve vegetation dynamics understanding. In general, people and herbivores led to local extirpation of species and threatened both ecological structure and function of Maputaland's woodlands. However, the fine grain status was considered positive, as it facilitated future management options by reducing time frames and scale of management actions to be applied. © 2012 Institute of Chartered Foresters. All rights reserved.	None	anthropogenic effect; biodiversity; conservation management; disturbance; ecological modeling; ecosystem structure; forest management; herbivory; mammal; management practice; nature-society relations; plant-herbivore interaction; population dynamics; species occurrence; vegetation dynamics; woodland; KwaZulu-Natal; Maputaland; South Africa; Animalia; Mammalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871339333	Factors affecting the impact of off-road driving on soils in an area in the Kruger National Park, South Africa	Nortjé G.P., Van Hoven W., Laker M.C.	2012	Environmental Management	50	6	10.1007/s00267-012-9954-y	Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria, South Street Lynnwood Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng 0002, South Africa; Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa	Nortjé, G.P., Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria, South Street Lynnwood Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng 0002, South Africa; Van Hoven, W., Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa; Laker, M.C., Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa	Studies on the effects of off-road driving on soils were conducted in the Makuleke Contractual Park of the Kruger National Park. The studies were conducted on three different soils with different textures and soil compactibilities. Traffic pressure was applied with a game drive vehicle loaded with 11 sand bags, each weighing 70 kg. This gave a total vehicle mass of 3,795 kg, simulating a vehicle fully laden with tourists. The study included: (i) comparing of the effects of four different tyre pressures; (ii) comparing the effects of 1-3 vehicle passes over the same tyre tracks; (iii) comparison of traffic effects under dry and wet soil moisture conditions, on soil compaction, respectively. After each pass penetration resistances were measured (a) on the tyre tracks, (b) between the tyre tracks and (c) at different distances outside the tyre tracks. As expected, vehicular traffic caused soil compaction below the wheel tracks. Lower tyre pressures caused less compaction than higher tyre pressures. Fewer vehicle passes also caused less compaction than more passes on the same tracks, but most compaction occurred during the first pass. Thus, driving on the same tracks more than once is less damaging than driving once on different tracks. Controlled traffic should be considered when developing management strategies for off-road driving in wildlife protected areas. © The Author(s) 2012.	Off-road driving; Penetration resistance; Soil compaction; Tyre pressure; Vehicle passes; Vehicular traffic	Controlled traffic; Dry and wet; Management strategies; Moisture conditions; National parks; Off-road driving; Penetration resistances; Protected areas; Soil compaction; South Africa; Traffic effect; Traffic pressure; Tyre pressure; Vehicle mass; Wheel track; Airport vehicular traffic; Compaction; Conservation; Roads and streets; Soil mechanics; Soil moisture; Vehicles; Tires; compaction; environmental impact; human activity; pressure effect; protected area; road transport; soil moisture; soil texture; strategic approach; tire; wildlife management; article; environmental factor; environmental impact; motor vehicle; national park; off road driving; pressure; soil; soil compaction; soil moisture; South Africa; traffic; Automobile Driving; Recreation; Soil; South Africa; Kruger National Park; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-65949090305	Soil erosion impact on soil organic carbon spatial variability on steep tropical slopes	Chaplot V., Podwojewski P., Phachomphon K., Valentin C.	2009	Soil Science Society of America Journal	73	3	10.2136/sssaj2008.0031	Centre IRD d'île de France, 32, avenue Henri Varagnat, 93143 Bondy Cedex, France; School of Bioresources Eng. and Environ. Hydrology, Rabie Sanders Bldg., Univ. of Kwazulu-Natal, Scootsville, 3209, South Africa; Soil Survey and Land Classification Center, National Agric. and Forestry Research Institute, Vientiane, Laos	Chaplot, V., Centre IRD d'île de France, 32, avenue Henri Varagnat, 93143 Bondy Cedex, France, School of Bioresources Eng. and Environ. Hydrology, Rabie Sanders Bldg., Univ. of Kwazulu-Natal, Scootsville, 3209, South Africa; Podwojewski, P., School of Bioresources Eng. and Environ. Hydrology, Rabie Sanders Bldg., Univ. of Kwazulu-Natal, Scootsville, 3209, South Africa; Phachomphon, K., Soil Survey and Land Classification Center, National Agric. and Forestry Research Institute, Vientiane, Laos; Valentin, C., Centre IRD d'île de France, 32, avenue Henri Varagnat, 93143 Bondy Cedex, France	The main objectives of this study were to evaluate soil organic C (SOC) variability in a representative hillslope of Laos and to quantify the impact of some environmental factors. We collected 2348 soil samples from 581 georeferenced soil pits within a hillslope of northern Laos under traditional shifting cultivation at 0- to 0.05-m depth and then every 0.1 m to 0.35-m depth. The SOC stocks at 0- to 0.05-m depth varied between 0.4 kg C m-2 (standard error of ±0.046 kg C m-2) and 1.9 (±0.22) kg C m-2 and stocks in the 0- to 0.35-m depth were between 2.6 (±0.29) and 11.4 (±1.31) kg C m-2. About 85% of SOC spatial variability occurred at a distance less than 20 m. As expected, SOC content and stocks at 0-to 0.05-m depth were significantly greater with higher soil clay content and shorter durations of cultivation (P &lt; 0.001). But at 0- to 0.35-m depth, the significance of clay content was only P = 0.04 and stocks surprisingly increased with increasing slope gradient (P &lt; 0.001). Thus, it seems that sloping lands under shifting cultivation act as a conveyor that stores atmospheric inorganic C in soils during the regeneration of natural fallows and ultimately transfers it by water erosion to the steepest areas of hillslopes, where it accumulates, probably due to greater infiltration by water. These results on SOC spatial variations under steep slope conditions of the tropics give a better picture of SOC dynamics that may allow development of optimal strategies of land management to foster main soil functions and offset the current rise in atmospheric CO2. © Soil Science Society of America.	None	Atmospheric CO; Clay content; Current rise; Environmental factors; Hillslope; Hillslopes; Land managements; Optimal strategies; Slope gradients; Sloping land; Soil clay content; Soil erosion; Soil function; Soil organic C; Soil organic carbon; Soil pits; Soil sample; Spatial variability; Spatial variations; Standard errors; Steep slope; Water erosion; Clay minerals; Erosion; Fire hazards; Forestry; Land use; Organic carbon; Programmable logic controllers; Strategic planning; Soils; carbon dioxide; clay soil; environmental factor; infiltration; land management; shifting cultivation; slope dynamics; soil carbon; soil erosion; soil organic matter; spatial variation; water erosion; Asia; Eurasia; Laos; Southeast Asia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-60349104900	Performance of OptiMAL-IT® compared to microscopy, for malaria detection in Burkina Faso	Valéa I., Tinto H., Nikiema M., Yamuah L., Rouamba N., Drabo M., Guiguemde R.T., D'Alessandro U.	2009	Tropical Medicine and International Health	14	3	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02228.x	Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; IRSS-DRO, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Centre Muraz, 01 BP 390, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso	Valéa, I., Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, Centre Muraz, 01 BP 390, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; Tinto, H., IRSS-DRO, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; Nikiema, M., Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; Yamuah, L., Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Rouamba, N., IRSS-DRO, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; Drabo, M., IRSS-DRO, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; Guiguemde, R.T., Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; D'Alessandro, U., Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium	Objective: To compare the performance of OptiMAL-IT®, a rapid diagnostic test for malaria, with that of microscopy in Burkina Faso. Method: Finger-prick blood samples of 464 children attending hospital for suspected malaria were tested for malaria by microscopy and OptiMAL-IT®. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of OptiMAL-IT® were 98.7% (CI 95% = 97.6-99.8) and 96.2% (CI 95% = 94.3-98.1) respectively, with a high positive likelihood ratio (25.97). Conclusion: OptiMAL-IT® can be considered a good method to diagnose malaria in Burkina Faso, particularly in remote areas with little or no access to microscopy services. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Burkina Faso; Diagnosis; Malaria; Rapid test	blood; comparative study; malaria; microscopy; performance assessment; public access; sensitivity analysis; testing method; article; blood sampling; Burkina Faso; child; controlled study; diagnostic test; groups by age; hospital; human; infant; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; malaria; microscopy; outcome assessment; preschool child; sensitivity and specificity; analytical equipment; blood; comparative study; enzyme assay; evaluation; methodology; microscopy; prediction and forecasting; Africa; Burkina Faso; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; biological marker; lactate dehydrogenase; Biological Markers; Child, Preschool; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Humans; Infant; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Malaria; Microscopy; Predictive Value of Tests; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33645850125	Dynamics of grazing policy and practice: Environmental and social impacts in three communal areas of southern Africa	Rohde R.F., Moleele N.M., Mphale M., Allsopp N., Chanda R., Hoffman M.T., Magole L., Young E.	2006	Environmental Science and Policy	9	3	10.1016/j.envsci.2005.11.009	Centre of African Studies, University of Edinburgh, 21 George Square, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; GEF-UNDP Wetland Biodiversity Conservation Project, University of Botswana, Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre, Maun, Botswana; Department of Sociology, University of Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho; ARC-Range and Forage Science, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Department of Environmental Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 00704, Gaborone, Botswana; Leslie Hill Institute for Plant Conservation, Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Centre for Arid Zone Studies, University of Wales Bangor, Bangor, United Kingdom; 11 Belmont Avenue, Cape Town 8001, South Africa	Rohde, R.F., Centre of African Studies, University of Edinburgh, 21 George Square, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 11 Belmont Avenue, Cape Town 8001, South Africa; Moleele, N.M., GEF-UNDP Wetland Biodiversity Conservation Project, University of Botswana, Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre, Maun, Botswana; Mphale, M., Department of Sociology, University of Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho; Allsopp, N., ARC-Range and Forage Science, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Chanda, R., Department of Environmental Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 00704, Gaborone, Botswana; Hoffman, M.T., Leslie Hill Institute for Plant Conservation, Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Magole, L., GEF-UNDP Wetland Biodiversity Conservation Project, University of Botswana, Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre, Maun, Botswana; Young, E., Centre for Arid Zone Studies, University of Wales Bangor, Bangor, United Kingdom	This paper traces the history of grazing policy, its conceptual basis, practical implementations and outcomes, in three southern African countries. In spite of the divergent environmental conditions facing pastoralists in the Highlands of Lesotho, Botswana's southern Kalahari and the Namaqualand succulent karoo in South Africa, they have all been subjected to similar grazing and rangeland management policies. The theoretical underpinnings of such policies have their origins in a development paradigm and ecological theory derived from northern temperate environments and are directly related to two persistent and powerful narratives: 'land degradation' and 'the tragedy of the commons'. Policy and development initiatives were implemented in order to overcome the perceived causes of these negative scenarios, such as overstocking, open access tenure and low output subsistence production. They typically ignored the multi-purpose goals of traditional pastoral systems and emphasized commercialisation of livestock farming and privatisation of communal land, which resulted in the weakening or destruction of local, traditional land management institutions. Such policies have survived the transitions from colonial rule to independence and from apartheid to democracy. We argue that these powerful and pervasive ideas, when applied to grazing policies, have caused the very problems they were formulated to prevent. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Communal land; Pastoralism; Rangeland ecology; Rangeland management	agricultural worker; article; commercial phenomena; environmental impact; environmental sustainability; government regulation; grazing management; land use; livestock; political system; priority journal; program development; socioeconomics; South Africa; sustainable agriculture; sustainable development	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052578289	Impacts of bitumen deposit on surface waters: A case study of physico-chemical properties of surface waters in the Southwestern Nigerian bitumen deposit area	Adebiyi F.M., Asubiojo O.I.	2011	Management of Environmental Quality	22	5	10.1108/14777831111159761	Chemistry Department, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria	Adebiyi, F.M., Chemistry Department, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria; Asubiojo, O.I., Chemistry Department, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria	Purpose: This paper aims to examine the quality of the surface waters of the bitumen deposit area of Nigeria and also to establish the relationship between the deposit and the waters. Design/methodology/approach: Physico-chemical parameters were measured using standard analytical procedures, while the elemental contents were determined using total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Data acquired were interpreted using statistical techniques - charts, t-test, pollution index (PI) and cross-plot analysis. Findings: A river located close to the bitumen well contained the highest concentrations of metals that are known to be associated with hydrocarbon formation. Comparison of the levels of the analyzed parameters in the waters with their standard permissible limits showed that the levels of Cl<UP>-</UP>, SO<DN>4</DN><UP>2-</UP>, total alkalinity and Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb in the river very close to the capped bitumen well and big rivers were high and low in the small streams. This was corroborated by their pollution index values. Results of the cross-plot analysis of the waters-river close to bitumen well/bitumen (R<UP>2</UP>=0.5); small streams/bitumen (R<UP>2</UP>=0.8) and big rivers/bitumen (R<UP>2</UP>=0.2) showed moderate; strong and weak positive correlations respectively, suggesting moderate, strong and weak inter-element correlations respectively between the sets of waters and the Nigerian bitumen deposit, and also establishing relationships between the deposit and the surface waters. Originality/value: The paper provides insight into the potability of the waters; establishment of the inter-element relationship between the bitumen deposit and the waters. These results can serve as a fingerprint for bitumen exploration elsewhere and for similar mineral deposit settings. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Bitumen; Nigeria; Physico-chemical parameters; Surface water; TXRF; Water	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878453373	The effects of two strategic anthelmintic treatments on goat performance under extensive management in a semi-arid area of South Africa	Bakunzi F.R., Motsei L.E., Nyirenda M., Ndou R.V., Mwanza M.	2013	Life Science Journal	10	2	None	Centre of Animal Health Studies, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa	Bakunzi, F.R., Centre of Animal Health Studies, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Motsei, L.E., Centre of Animal Health Studies, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Nyirenda, M., Centre of Animal Health Studies, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Ndou, R.V., Centre of Animal Health Studies, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Mwanza, M., Centre of Animal Health Studies, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa	A study was carried out in a semi-arid area of the North West province of South Africa from September 2004 to September 2005 to determine the effects anthelmintic treatment before or during the rains on the performance of 60 indigenous female goats. The performance parameters studied were body weight, packed cell volume and faecal nematode egg output. Anthelmintic treatment of goats before and during the rains significantly reduced faecal egg output, and improved body weight and packed cell volume. Overall, anthelmintic treatment before the rains was equal to or better for all the three performance parameters when compared to treatment during the rains. Both treatments yielded better performance in comparison to the control.	Anthelmintic treatment; Goat production; Semi-arid area; Strategic control	Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896692504	In vitro evaluation of the cytotoxic and apoptogenic properties of aloe whole leaf and gel materials	Du Plessis L.H., Hamman J.H.	2014	Drug and Chemical Toxicology	37	2	10.3109/01480545.2013.834356	Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2530, South Africa	Du Plessis, L.H., Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2530, South Africa; Hamman, J.H., Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2530, South Africa	Aloe gel and whole-leaf materials have shown biological effects with potential therapeutic applications, and recently, their drug-Absorption enhancement properties have been discovered. It is important to establish a safety profile for these materials before they can be used in pharmaceutical products. The aim of the study was to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity of Aloe vera, Aloe marlothii, Aloe speciosa and Aloe ferox against human hepatocellular (HepG2), human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) and human adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (HeLa). Flow cytometry was used to measure cell viability, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aloe gel materials investigated only decreased cell viability at concentrations of >10mg/mL and exhibited half-maximal cytotoxic concentration (CC50) values above 1000mg/mL, except for A. vera gel in HepG2 cells (CC50=269.3mg/mL). A. speciosa whole-leaf material showed a significant decrease in viability of Hela cells, whereas the other whole-leaf materials did not show a similar effect. The aloe gel materials in general showed low levels of apoptosis, whereas A. vera and A. speciosa whole-leaf materials caused a dose-dependent increase of apoptosis in HeLa cells. None of the aloe materials investigated exhibited a significant increase in ROS. It can be concluded that the selected aloe materials caused only limited reduction in cell viability with limited in vitro cytotoxicity effects. Further, neither significant apoptosis effects were observed nor induction of ROS. © 2014 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.	A. ferox; A. marlothii; A. speciosa; A. vera; Apoptosis; Cytotoxicity; Reactive oxygen species	Aloe ferox extract; Aloe marlothii extract; Aloe speciosa extract; Aloe vera extract; antineoplastic agent; daltonmax 700; emodin; reactive oxygen metabolite; unclassified drug; Aloe; Aloe ferox; Aloe marlothii; Aloe speciosa; Aloe vera; antineoplastic activity; apoptosis; article; cell strain HepG2; cell viability; controlled study; cytotoxicity; dose response; drug screening; female; flow cytometry; gel; HeLa cell; human; human cell; in vitro study; neuroblastoma cell; phytochemistry; plant leaf; Aloe; Apoptosis; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Flow Cytometry; HeLa Cells; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Neuroblastoma; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Reactive Oxygen Species; Species Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84890973440	Formulation and evaluation of Pheroid vesicles containing mefloquine for the treatment of malaria	Du Plessis L.H., Helena C., Van Huysteen E., Wiesner L., Kotzé A.F.	2014	Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology	66	1	10.1111/jphp.12147	Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa; Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Du Plessis, L.H., Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa; Helena, C., Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa; Van Huysteen, E., Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa; Wiesner, L., Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Kotzé, A.F., Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa	Objectives Mefloquine (MQ) is an antimalarial drug with high efficacy, often used in the treatment and chemoprophylaxis of malaria. However, it has low solubility in water, a long elimination half-life (4 days), and is neurotoxic, which leads to unwanted side effects. Methods We investigated a lipid-based drug delivery system, Pheroid vesicles, in combination with MQ (Pheroid MQ), to promote future clinical use. MQ was incorporated into Pheroid vesicles and the formulations characterized. The formulations were evaluated in terms of in-vitro efficacy and toxicity. In-vivo bioavailability studies were conducted in C57 BL6 mice. Key findings The vesicles incorporated MQ with ∼63% entrapment efficiency. The IC50 values of MQ after 48-h incubation in chloroquine-resistant (RSA11) and chloroquine sensitive (3D7) strains, were reduced by ∼50% and ∼30% respectively. In-vivo bioavailability study revealed no change in the pharmacokinetic parameters of MQ, and the incorporation of the drug in Pheroid vesicles reduced the in-vitro haemolytic activity by ∼75%. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity against human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) of the free drug was reduced by ∼64% with Pheroid MQ. Conclusions Pheroid vesicles may therefore decrease the toxicity of MQ and thereby improve its therapeutic index, a strategy that may provide an effective alternative for malaria chemoprophylaxis and treatment. © 2013 Royal Pharmaceutical Society.	lipid-based drug delivery system; malaria; mefloquine; Pheroid technology; toxicity	chloroquine; drug carrier; mefloquine; pheroid vesicle; unclassified drug; animal experiment; article; controlled study; drug bioavailability; drug blood level; drug cytotoxicity; drug delivery system; drug dosage form comparison; drug efficacy; drug formulation; entrapment efficiency; hemolysis; human; human cell; IC 50; in vitro study; in vivo study; malaria; male; mouse; neuroblastoma cell; nonhuman; pharmacological parameters; Plasmodium falciparum; lipid-based drug delivery system; malaria; mefloquine; Pheroid technology; toxicity; Animals; Biological Availability; Cell Line, Tumor; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chloroquine; Coated Vesicles; Drug Delivery Systems; Half-Life; Humans; Malaria; Male; Mefloquine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neuroblastoma; Particle Size; Solubility	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942526419	The Synthesis and Evaluation of C7-Substituted α-Tetralone Derivatives as Inhibitors of Monoamine Oxidase	Legoabe L.J., Petzer A., Petzer J.P.	2015	Chemical Biology and Drug Design	86	4	10.1111/cbdd.12508	Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Legoabe, L.J., Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Petzer, A., Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Petzer, J.P., Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Based on a previous report that α-tetralone (3,4-dihydro-2H-naphthalen-1-one) is a promising scaffold for the design of highly potent inhibitors of the enzyme, monoamine oxidase, the present study investigates the monoamine oxidase inhibitory properties of a synthetic series of fifteen C7-substituted α-tetralone derivatives. Arylalkyloxy substitution on C7 of the α-tetralone moiety yielded compounds with high inhibition potencies toward the human monoamine oxidase-B isoform with all compounds possessing IC<inf>50</inf> values in the submicromolar range (0.00089-0.047 μm). The C7-substituted α-tetralones also were highly potent monoamine oxidase-A inhibitors with thirteen (of fifteen) compounds possessing IC<inf>50</inf> values in the submicromolar range (0.010-0.741 μm). The α-tetralones were, however, in each instance selective for monoamine oxidase-B over the monoamine oxidase-A isoform. Dialyses of enzyme-inhibitor mixtures show that, while a representative inhibitor acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor, inhibition of monoamine oxidase-B is not readily reversed by dialysis. Using a molecular modeling approach, possible binding orientations and interactions of selected α-tetralones with the active sites of the monoamine oxidases are also proposed. This study suggests that C7-substituted α-tetralones are promising monoamine oxidase inhibitors and may represent lead compounds for the development of therapies for Parkinson's disease and depression. C7-Substituted α-tetralones act as high potency reversible inhibitors of human MAO-A and MAO-B. This class of compounds represent promising leads for the development of therapies for Parkinson's disease and depression. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S.	competitive; dialysis; inhibition; monoamine oxidase; reversible; α-tetralone	1 tetralone derivative; amine oxidase (flavin containing) isoenzyme A; amine oxidase (flavin containing) isoenzyme B; lazabemide; monoamine oxidase A inhibitor; monoamine oxidase B inhibitor; monoamine oxidase inhibitor; antidepressant activity; Article; competitive inhibition; crystallization; drug potency; drug safety; drug screening; drug synthesis; enzyme activity; enzyme substrate; hydrogen bond; IC50; molecular docking; molecular dynamics; molecular model; Parkinson disease; priority journal; structure activity relation; therapy effect	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862140149	Bis(ferrocenylimine)palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes: Synthesis, molecular structures and evaluation as antitumor agents	Motswainyana W.M., Onani M.O., Madiehe A.M.	2012	Polyhedron	41	1	10.1016/j.poly.2012.04.010	Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa	Motswainyana, W.M., Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Onani, M.O., Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Madiehe, A.M., Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa	Compounds (ferrocenyl-2-furylmethyl)imine (L1), (ferrocenyl-2- thiophenemethyl)imine (L2) and (ferrocenyl-2-thiopheneethyl)imine (L3) were synthesized by condensation reactions and obtained in very good yields. Reactions of L1-L3 with 0.5 equiv. of either PdCl 2(cod), PdClMe(cod) or K 2[PtCl 4] gave the new corresponding trans-bis(ferrocenylimine)palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes 1-9. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structures of 3 and 6 were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Both structures crystallize in monoclinic P2 1/n space system. The coordination geometry around the palladium atom in complexes 3 and 6 exhibits a square planar geometry at the palladium atom. Complexes 1, 7 and 9 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against human breast (MCF-7) and human ovarian (A2780) cancer cell lines, and they exhibited low cytotoxic activities but comparable to that of cisplatin. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Cancer; Cisplatin; Cytotoxicity; Ferrocenylimine; Molecular structures; Palladium; Platinum	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862965932	Environmental impacts of electric vehicles in South Africa	Liu X., Hildebrandt D., Glasser D.	2012	South African Journal of Science	108	42371	None	Centre of Material and Process Synthesis, School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Liu, X., Centre of Material and Process Synthesis, School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Hildebrandt, D., Centre of Material and Process Synthesis, School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Glasser, D., Centre of Material and Process Synthesis, School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Electric vehicles have been seen by some policymakers as a tool to target reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. 1,2 Some researchers have shown that the full environmental impact of electric vehicles depends very much on the cleanliness of the electricity grid. 3 In countries such as the USA and China, where coal-fired power plants still play a very important role in electricity generation, the environmental impact of electric vehicles is equivalent to, or even higher than that of cars running on internal combustion engines. 4,5 In this study, the environmental impacts of electric vehicles in South Africa were investigated. We found that, as the bulk of South Africa's electricity is generated from relatively low-quality coal and the advanced exhaust clean up technologies are not implemented in the current coal-fired power plants, the use of electric vehicles in South Africa would not help to cut greenhouse gas emissions now (2010) or in the future (in 2030 using the IRP 2010 Revision 2, policy-adjusted IRP scenario), and actually would lead to higher SO x and NO x emissions. © 2012. The Authors.	None	cleanup; coal-fired power plant; electric vehicle; electricity generation; emission control; emission inventory; engine; environmental impact; greenhouse gas; life cycle analysis; nitrogen oxides; policy making; pollution incidence; sulfur compound; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907535044	Mathematical modelling for the social impact to energy efficiency savings	Ekpenyong U.E., Zhang J., Xia X.	2014	Energy and Buildings	84	None	10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.08.019	Centre of New Energy Systems, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom	Ekpenyong, U.E., Centre of New Energy Systems, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Zhang, J., Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom; Xia, X., Centre of New Energy Systems, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa	In this paper, a mathematical model is formulated to quantify the social impact an individual has on his/her community when he/she performs any energy efficiency project and transmits that information to his/her neighbours. This model is called the expected power savings model; it combines direct and indirect expected power savings of the energy efficiency project for each individual within the network. The indirect savings are quantified through the social interactions people in the network. The example used in this paper illustrates the effectiveness of the model by identifying the households who should have free solar water heaters installed in their residential houses based on their influence through interactions in their community. Two case studies are considered in this paper, single and multiple sources case studies. In the multiple source case study, the results show that it is not necessarily the people with the highest connections who provide the maximum expected power savings. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Energy consumption; Energy efficiency; Influence; Information transfer; Probability; Social impact; Social network; Solar water heaters	Energy efficiency; Probability; Social networking (online); Solar water heaters; Efficiency savings; Influence; Information transfers; Social impact; Energy utilization	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44949190281	The impact of community level treatment and preventative interventions on trachoma prevalence in rural Ethiopia	Cumberland P., Edwards T., Hailu G., Harding-Esch E., Andreasen A., Mabey D., Todd J.	2008	International Journal of Epidemiology	37	3	10.1093/ije/dyn045	Centre of Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCL, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Future International Consulting Agency, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute, PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda	Cumberland, P., Centre of Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCL, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; Edwards, T., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Hailu, G., Future International Consulting Agency, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Harding-Esch, E., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Andreasen, A., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Mabey, D., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Todd, J., Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute, PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda	Background: The International Trachoma Initiative (ITI) trachoma control programme based on the SAFE strategy (Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial cleanliness and Environmental improvement) was implemented in 2002 in two rural Ethiopian zones, with mass delivery of azithromycin starting in 2003. We evaluate the impact of combined antibiotic and health educational interventions on active trachoma and Chlamydia trachomatis detected from ocular swabs, in children aged 3-9 years. Method: Three-year follow-up cross-sectional survey was carried out in 40 rural Ethiopian communities to evaluate the programme. Households were randomly selected and all children were invited for eye examination for active trachoma. In 2005, eye swabs were taken for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) detection of ocular C. trachomatis DNA. Adult knowledge and behaviour related to trachoma were assessed. Results: Community summarized mean prevalence, overall, was 35.6% (SD = 17.6) for active trachoma, 34.0% (18.7) for trachomatous inflammation, follicular (TF) alone and 4.3% (5.3) for PCR positivity for C. trachomatis. After adjustment, odds of active trachoma were reduced in communities receiving antibiotics and one or two educational intervention components (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.13-0.89 or OR = 0.31, 0.11-0.89, respectively). The odds of being PCR positive were lower in these intervention arms, compared with control (OR = 0.20, 0.06-0.62 and OR = 0.07, 0.02-0.30, respectively). Knowledge of treatment and preventative methods were reported with much higher frequency, compared with baseline. Conclusions: Trachoma remains a public health problem in Ethiopia. Antibiotic administration remains the most effective intervention but community-based health education programmes can impact, to additionally reduce prevalence of C. trachomatis. © The Author 2008; all rights reserved.	Azithromycin; Chlamydia trachomatis; Control; Ethiopia; Health education; Trachoma	antibiotic agent; azithromycin; disease control; disease prevalence; health education; health risk; medical geography; public health; rural area; article; Chlamydia trachomatis; community care; community program; controlled study; Ethiopia; eye examination; female; follow up; health education; health survey; human; infection control; intervention study; major clinical study; male; polymerase chain reaction; preschool child; prevalence; priority journal; rural area; school child; trachoma; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Azithromycin; Child; Child, Preschool; Chlamydia trachomatis; Cross-Sectional Studies; Developing Countries; Ethiopia; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Health Education; Humans; Hygiene; Male; Prevalence; Rural Health; Trachoma; Treatment Outcome; Africa; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa; Chlamydia trachomatis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927660470	Performance analysis of a connection admission scheme for future networks	Walingo T.M., Takawira F.	2015	IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications	14	4	10.1109/TWC.2014.2378777	Centre of Radio Access and Rural Technologies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Walingo, T.M., Centre of Radio Access and Rural Technologies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Takawira, F., School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Future networks are to deliver any-traffic, anytime, anywhere with full quality of service (QoS) guarantees. They will evolve from typical heterogeneous networks (HetNets) into dense, organic, and irregular heterogeneous networks called DenseNets. They will be complex and face additional challenges of heterogeneity in many design dimensions like different radio access technologies (RAT's) shrinking in structure. Radio Resource Management (RRM) is one of the key challenges in providing for QoS for these networks. Connection Admission Control (CAC) scheme and intelligent scheduling techniques are employed on the links for RRM. In this paper a CAC scheme is developed that features multiple traffic classes, multiple admission parameters at both packet and connection level. The CAC scheme uses both signal to interference ratio (SIR) and delay as admission parameters since the single parameter based CAC algorithm is not adequate for the emerging traffic classes. The performance analysis of the model features Batch Markovian Arrival Process (BMAP) traffic, a better representative of the future traffic characteristics than the traditional Poisson traffic. A simple approximate Markovian analytical model is developed and used to analyze the complex network. The developed model with more admission parameters outperforms those with less admission control parameters for future networks traffic. © 2002-2012 IEEE.	BMAP traffic; CDMA; Connection admission control; DenseNets; HetNets; Multimedia traffic	Cellular radio systems; Code division multiple access; Heterogeneous networks; Markov processes; Quality of service; Radio communication; Scheduling; Batch Markovian arrival process; Connection Admission Control; DenseNets; Heterogeneous network (HetNets); Hetnets; Multimedia traffic; Quality of service (QoS) guarantees; Signal-to-interference ratio; Complex networks	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879079917	Evaluating the growth performance of local Kei chickens and their F 1-crosses with Rhode Island Red and Fayoumi breeds in watershed areas of Guraghe administrative zone, southern Ethiopia	Alewi M., Melesse A.	2013	Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems	16	1	None	Debrezeit Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia	Alewi, M., Debrezeit Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Melesse, A., Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia	This study describes the on-farm performance of local Kei chicken and its F1 crosses with Fayoumi and Rhode Island Red (RIR) breeds in Beresa watershed of Guraghe administrative zone, southern Ethiopia. The Kei paternal line was mated with maternal lines of Fayoumi and RIR chickens to produce F1-crosses. Body weight developments and feed intake were determined on weekly basis. Then body weight gain and feed efficiency ratios (FER, weight gain: feed) were calculated. Hatchability was 59.0% and 73.7%, 54.7% for Kei, Fayoumi-crosses and RIR-crosses, respectively. In male chicks, the mean day-old weight ranged from 28.8 to 40.1 g and in female chicks from 26.2 to 35.8 g. The average body weight of matured male and female RIR-crosses was 1682 and 1227 g, respectively. The corresponding values for Fayoumi-crosses were 1310 and 1054 g and that of local Kei 1273 and 987 g. During the brooding period, the average daily feed intake was 25.9, 27.0 and 24.4 g for Kei, Fayoumi-crosses and RIR-crosses, respectively. The mean FER was 0.197, 0.213 and 0.243 g for Kei, Fayoumi-crosses and RIR-crosses, respectively. The average age at sexual maturity for Kei, Fayoumi-crosses and RIR-crosses was 183, 154 and 162 days, respectively. The results of the present study suggest that both F 1-crosses showed a significant improvement in body weight, weight gain and FER under farmers' management condition of the watershed areas suggesting the suitability of both genetic combinations with local Kei chickens for on-farm chicken productivity.	F1-crosses; Farmers' management; Fayoumi chicken; Growth performance; Local Kei chicken; Rhode Island Red chicken	Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877709122	Impact of nutrition education on nutrition knowledge of public school educators in South Africa: A pilot study	Oldewage-Theron W.H., Egal A.	2012	Health SA Gesondheid	17	1	10.4102/hsag.v17i1.602	Centre of Sustainable Livelihoods, Vaal University of Technology, South Africa	Oldewage-Theron, W.H., Centre of Sustainable Livelihoods, Vaal University of Technology, South Africa; Egal, A., Centre of Sustainable Livelihoods, Vaal University of Technology, South Africa	The Department of Basic Education (DBE) has not given nutrition education the necessary emphasis that it needs, despite its importance in South African schools. Nutrition is included as only one of many topics forming part of the Life Orientation syllabus. Educators are role models for learners in making healthy food choices, however, studies have shown that major gaps exist in the health and nutrition-related knowledge and behaviour of educators. The objective of this research was to undertake a pilot study to determine the impact of a nutrition education programme (NEP) on the nutrition knowledge of Life Orientation educators in public schools in South Africa (SA). An exploratory baseline survey, to determine the nutrition education practices in 45 purposively selected public schools, was carried out before the experimental nutrition education intervention study. A nutrition knowledge questionnaire was completed by 24 purposively selected educators, representing all nine provinces in SA, before and after a three-day NEP. Pre and post-NEP data were analysed on the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for a Windows program version 17.0 for descriptive statistics, version 17.0. Paired t-tests measured statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) before and after the NEP. The knowledge of the respondents improved significantly after the NEP as the mean±s.d. score of correctly answered questions (n = 59) improved from 63.3±30.2% before to 80.6±21.1% after the NEP. The results proved that nutrition knowledge of Life Orientation educators in primary schools is not optimal, but can be improved by NEP. © 2012. The Authors.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867366192	Impact of a soy nutrition education programme on knowledge in a low-income community in Qwa-Qwa, South Africa	Oldewage-Theron W., Egal A.A.	2012	International Journal of Consumer Studies	36	4	10.1111/j.1470-6431.2011.01064.x	Centre of Sustainable Livelihoods, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa	Oldewage-Theron, W., Centre of Sustainable Livelihoods, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa; Egal, A.A., Centre of Sustainable Livelihoods, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa	The objective of this study was to measure the knowledge of the South African food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG), as well as of soy gardening and uses of soy, before and after a nutrition education training programme (NEP). The methods consisted of the four phases of the Food and Agriculture Organization framework for nutrition education. A structured nutrition education questionnaire (NEQ) consisting of 32 questions was developed. The NEQ was used to collect data both at baseline and at the end of a NEP in 75 purposively selected households. Descriptive statistics (frequencies) and paired t-tests were done to determine the statistically significant (P<0.05) differences in knowledge before and after the NEP. At baseline, the results showed a good knowledge of the FBDG as the majority of the respondents (66%) answered the questions correctly. Regarding soy, the knowledge of respondents improved significantly (P<0.05) from 65.0% correctly answered questions before the NEP to 74.1% after the NEP. It can be concluded that the NEP proved to be successful in teaching the caregivers about soy gardening and soy use in the household. It is recommended that memory retention is measured over a longer period and that soy gardens be implemented to further strengthen sustainability and to address household food insecurity and malnutrition. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Child caregivers; Malnutrition; Nutrition education; Soy gardening	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79954481963	The role of emotions on pacing strategies and performance in middle and long duration sport events	Baron B., Moullan F., Deruelle F., Noakes T.D.	2011	British Journal of Sports Medicine	45	6	10.1136/bjsm.2009.059964	Centre Universitaire de Recherches en Activités Physiques et Sportives, Département STAPS, Faculté des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement, Le Tampon, France; Laboratoire d'Etudes de la Motricité Humaine, Faculté des Sciences du Sport et de l'EP, Université de Lille 2, Ronchin, France; MRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, University of Cape Town, Newlands, South Africa; Département STAPS, Université de La Réunion, 117 rue du Général Ailleret, 97430 Le Tampon, France	Baron, B., Centre Universitaire de Recherches en Activités Physiques et Sportives, Département STAPS, Faculté des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement, Le Tampon, France, Département STAPS, Université de La Réunion, 117 rue du Général Ailleret, 97430 Le Tampon, France; Moullan, F., Centre Universitaire de Recherches en Activités Physiques et Sportives, Département STAPS, Faculté des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement, Le Tampon, France; Deruelle, F., Laboratoire d'Etudes de la Motricité Humaine, Faculté des Sciences du Sport et de l'EP, Université de Lille 2, Ronchin, France; Noakes, T.D., MRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, University of Cape Town, Newlands, South Africa	The pacing strategy may be defined as the process in which the total energy expenditure during exercise is regulated on a moment-to-moment basis in order to ensure that the exercise bout can be completed in a minimum time and without a catastrophic biological failure. Experienced athletes develop a stable template of the power outputs they are able to sustain for different durations of exercise, but it is not known how they originally develop this template or how that template changes with training and experience. While it is understood that the athlete's physiological state makes an important contribution to this process, there has been much less interest in the contribution that the athlete's emotional status makes. The aim of this review is to evaluate the literature of physiological, neurophysiological and perceptual responses during exercise in order to propose a complex model interpretation of this process which may be a critical factor determining success in middle-and longduration sporting competitions. We describe unconscious/physiological and conscious/emotional mechanisms of control, the focus of which are to ensure that exercise terminates before catastrophic failure occurs in any bodily system. We suggest that training sessions teach the athlete to select optimal pacing strategies by associating a level of emotion with the ability to maintain that pace for exercise of different durations. That pacing strategy is then adopted in future events. Finally, we propose novel perspectives to maximise performance and to avoid overtraining by paying attention also to the emotional state in training process.	None	arousal; athletic performance; central nervous system; ego development; emotion; energy metabolism; exercise; homeostasis; human; memory; motivation; physiology; psychological aspect; review; sport; Arousal; Athletic Performance; Central Nervous System; Emotions; Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Homeostasis; Humans; Memory; Motivation; Sports; Unconscious (Psychology)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955761735	Development and evaluation of a new epitope-blocking ELISA for universal detection of antibodies to West Nile virus	Sotelo E., Llorente F., Rebollo B., Camuñas A., Venteo A., Gallardo C., Lubisi A., Rodríguez M.J., Sanz A.J., Figuerola J., Jiménez-Clavero M.Á.	2011	Journal of Virological Methods	174	42371	10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.03.015	Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), INIA, Ctra Algete-El Casar, S/n, 28130 Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain; INGENASA, C/Hermanos García Noblejas 39, 28037 Madrid, Spain; ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, C/Americo Vespucio, s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain	Sotelo, E., Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), INIA, Ctra Algete-El Casar, S/n, 28130 Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain; Llorente, F., Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), INIA, Ctra Algete-El Casar, S/n, 28130 Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain; Rebollo, B., INGENASA, C/Hermanos García Noblejas 39, 28037 Madrid, Spain; Camuñas, A., INGENASA, C/Hermanos García Noblejas 39, 28037 Madrid, Spain; Venteo, A., INGENASA, C/Hermanos García Noblejas 39, 28037 Madrid, Spain; Gallardo, C., Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), INIA, Ctra Algete-El Casar, S/n, 28130 Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain; Lubisi, A., ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Rodríguez, M.J., INGENASA, C/Hermanos García Noblejas 39, 28037 Madrid, Spain; Sanz, A.J., INGENASA, C/Hermanos García Noblejas 39, 28037 Madrid, Spain; Figuerola, J., Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, C/Americo Vespucio, s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain; Jiménez-Clavero, M.Á., Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), INIA, Ctra Algete-El Casar, S/n, 28130 Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain	West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen with a wide range of hosts, including birds, horses and humans. The development and evaluation of the performance of a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are described for rapid detection of WNV-specific antibodies in samples originating from an extensive range of vertebrates susceptible to WNV infection. The assay uses a monoclonal antibody (MAb) which binds whole virus particles and neutralizes infection in vitro by recognizing a neutralizing epitope within the envelope (E) glycoprotein of the virus. This MAb, labelled with horseradish peroxidase, was used to compete with WNV-specific serum antibodies for virus-binding in vitro. The epitope-blocking ELISA was optimized in a manner that enabled its validation with a number of experimental and field sera, from a wide range of wild bird species, and susceptible mammals. The new ELISA exhibited high specificity (79.5-96.5%) and sensitivity (100%), using the virus-neutralization test as reference standard. It also required a much lower volume of sample (10 μl per analysis) compared to other ELISAs available commercially. This new method may be helpful for diagnosis and disease surveillance, particularly when testing samples from small birds, which are available in limited amounts. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Antibody detection; Epitope-blocking ELISA; Flavivirus; Monoclonal antibody; West nile virus; Wild birds	epitope; horseradish peroxidase; monoclonal antibody; virus antibody; virus glycoprotein; animal cell; antibody detection; antigen binding; article; bird; controlled study; diagnostic value; disease surveillance; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; in vitro study; infection sensitivity; intermethod comparison; mammal; mouse; nonhuman; priority journal; rabbit; sensitivity and specificity; Vero cell; vertebrate; virus attachment; virus neutralization; virus particle; West Nile fever; West Nile flavivirus; wild species; Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Epitopes; Humans; Neutralization Tests; Sensitivity and Specificity; Vertebrates; Viral Envelope Proteins; Virology; West Nile Fever; West Nile virus; Armoracia rusticana; Aves; Equidae; Flavivirus; Mammalia; Vertebrata; West Nile virus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69549092745	Trends in productivity of crops, fallow and rangelands in Southwest Niger: Impact of land use, management and variable rainfall	Hiernaux P., Ayantunde A., Kalilou A., Mougin E., Gérard B., Baup F., Grippa M., Djaby B.	2009	Journal of Hydrology	375	42371	10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.01.032	CESBIO, 18 Avenue E. Belin b.p.i. 2801, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France; ILRI, ICRISAT Research Station, B.P. 320, Samanko, Bamako, Mali; ILRI, ICRISAT Sahelian Centre, B.P. 12404, Niamey, Niger; IRD, B.P. 2528, Hippodrome 238 Rue, 234 Bamako, Mali; ILRI, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Environment Sciences and Management Dpt., Univ. of Liège, Arlon, Belgium	Hiernaux, P., CESBIO, 18 Avenue E. Belin b.p.i. 2801, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France; Ayantunde, A., ILRI, ICRISAT Research Station, B.P. 320, Samanko, Bamako, Mali; Kalilou, A., ILRI, ICRISAT Sahelian Centre, B.P. 12404, Niamey, Niger; Mougin, E., CESBIO, 18 Avenue E. Belin b.p.i. 2801, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France, IRD, B.P. 2528, Hippodrome 238 Rue, 234 Bamako, Mali; Gérard, B., ILRI, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Baup, F., CESBIO, 18 Avenue E. Belin b.p.i. 2801, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France; Grippa, M., CESBIO, 18 Avenue E. Belin b.p.i. 2801, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France; Djaby, B., Environment Sciences and Management Dpt., Univ. of Liège, Arlon, Belgium	To document trends in land use and herbaceous production, 71 field sites sampled among cropped fields, fallow fields and rangelands in the Fakara region (Niger) were monitored from 1994 to 2006. The overall trend in land use confirmed the historical increase of the cropped areas since mid 20th century, at an annual rate of 2% from 1994 to 2006. This trend is the result of changes in the relative extent of fields permanently cropped and fields under shifting cultivation, and for the latter, the relative proportion of short (3 years) and long (10 years) duration fallows. Type of land use together with topography and soil type determine the herbaceous production and the resulting yield measured towards the end of the wet season. The variation in site yields between years is of the same order of magnitude as the variation in yields between sites within a year. There is an overall decreasing trend in site yields by 5% annually from 1994 to 2006 that is not explained by variations in rainfall. The decreasing trend is observed on fields under shifting cultivation, fallowed fields and rangelands, although not all sites are equally affected. Causes are likely to be multiple which might include changes in land use, decline of soil fertility and increased grazing pressure. Indeed, the remaining rangelands on marginal land and the fallows still accessible to livestock are subject to such a heavy grazing during the rainy season that the herbaceous standing mass measured at the end of the season reflects poorly the actual production. After the two first years of cropping, the herbaceous yield in fields under shifting cultivation with no fertilisation is negatively affected by the number of successive years of cropping. Moreover, clearing fallow after a decreasing number of years affects the mean herbaceous yield of fallowed fields by reducing the contribution of more productive old fallows. Changes in land use, grazing pressure and soil fertility also triggered changes in species composition with a strong reduction in diversity from rangelands to fallows, and again from fallows to cropland weeds. No correlations was found however between productivity and species composition. Cumulative rainfall does not explain between site or between year deviations in herbaceous yield even when sites are sorted by land use type or by soil type in the case of fallow and rangelands. Simulated production calculated with the STEP model does not explain herbaceous yields much better even when sites are grouped by land use and soil type. However, relative changes of herbaceous yields are reasonably predicted on sites that remained fallowed and were not heavily grazed for at least four consecutive years. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Fallows; Land use; Millet crops; Sahel; Vegetation dynamics; Vegetation growth modelling	Fallows; Millet crops; Sahel; Vegetation dynamics; Vegetation growth modelling; Crops; Fertilizers; Geologic models; Productivity; Rain; Soil surveys; Soils; Vegetation; Land use; crop production; crop yield; fallow; growth modeling; land management; land use; land use change; millet; rainfall; rangeland; shifting cultivation; soil fertility; topographic effect; vegetation dynamics; Africa; Fakara; Niger [West Africa]; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tillaberi; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941551714	The impact of economic freedom on economic growth in the sadc: An individual component analysis	Gorlach V.I., le Roux P.	2015	Journal for Studies in Economics and Econometrics	39	2	None	CFA, South Africa; Department of Economics, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa	Gorlach, V.I., CFA, South Africa; le Roux, P., Department of Economics, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa	The SADC is attempting to achieve development and economic growth. This paper investigates the relationship between economic freedom - in aggregate and on an individual component basis - on economic growth in the SADC. The annual data for 13 SADC countries from 2000 to 2009 are used to construct a generalised method of moments, dynamic panel-data model. When cross-sectional dependence of the error term, individual- and time-specific effects are controlled, economic freedom and GDP per capita are positively related and freedom Granger-causes growth. Gross fixed capital formation and economic openness are positively related to growth but government consumption expenditure is an insignificant driver of growth in the SADC. All five individual components are highly significant and are positively related to growth; however, the magnitude of the elasticity parameters varies. The causality among the individual freedom components indicates that linkages exist between certain of these components. © 2015, Universiteit Stellenbosch. All rights reserved.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953364241	Innovative performance in African technical projects-A multi-level study	Seriki H.T., Hoegl M., Parboteeah K.P.	2010	Journal of World Business	45	3	10.1016/j.jwb.2009.09.010	Cielarko - International Management Consultants, 2 Hampstead House, 1 Fraser Road, Muizenberg 7945, Cape Town, South Africa; WHU - Otto Beisheim School of Management, Chair of Leadership and Human Resource Management, Burgplatz 2, 56179 Vallendar, Germany; Management Department, University of Wisconsin - Whitewater, Whitewater, WI 53190, United States	Seriki, H.T., Cielarko - International Management Consultants, 2 Hampstead House, 1 Fraser Road, Muizenberg 7945, Cape Town, South Africa; Hoegl, M., WHU - Otto Beisheim School of Management, Chair of Leadership and Human Resource Management, Burgplatz 2, 56179 Vallendar, Germany; Parboteeah, K.P., Management Department, University of Wisconsin - Whitewater, Whitewater, WI 53190, United States	In this paper, we discuss how the societal context of sub-Saharan Africa is related to the innovative performance of project teams. We developed propositions based on previous literature while also using insights from experts from the sub-Saharan section of Africa. We then tested these propositions using a case based approach. Specifically, we examined the propositions through interviews with team leaders in three companies located in sub-Saharan Africa (two located in Nigeria and one located in South Africa). This empirical examination of real-life project teams in sub-Saharan Africa led us to an improved understanding concerning the consequences of African societal characteristics for the innovative performance of teams. Essentially, our findings suggest that managers of African projects need to adapt their methods (1) to incorporate and utilize the diversity inherent in society, (2) to (re)direct the focus of entire projects towards creating value for human beings, and (3) to maintain acceptable and security-giving hierarchies. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings. © 2009 Elsevier Inc.	Diversity; Innovation; Project management; Sub-Saharan Africa; Teamwork	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84936886428	The Gendered Impacts of Agricultural Asset Transfer Projects: Lessons from the Manica Smallholder Dairy Development Program	Johnson N., Njuki J., Waithanji E., Nhambeto M., Rogers M., Kruger E.H.	2015	Gender, Technology and Development	19	2	10.1177/0971852415578041	CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States; Cultivate Africa’s Future, International Development Research Centre, Nairobi, Kenya; International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; National Monitoring and Evaluation Officer, Land O’Lakes International Development, Chimoio-Manica, Mozambique; Brattle Group, Washington, DC, United States; Eden Prairie, Minnesota, United States	Johnson, N., CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States; Njuki, J., Cultivate Africa’s Future, International Development Research Centre, Nairobi, Kenya; Waithanji, E., International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Nhambeto, M., National Monitoring and Evaluation Officer, Land O’Lakes International Development, Chimoio-Manica, Mozambique; Rogers, M., Brattle Group, Washington, DC, United States; Kruger, E.H., Eden Prairie, Minnesota, United States	This article explores the gendered impacts of a development project that provided dairy training and a superior breed of cattle to households as part of a broader effort to develop a smallholder-friendly, market-oriented dairy value chain in the Manica province of Mozambique. The project first targeted households, registered cows in the names of the household heads, and, initially, trained these cow owners in various aspects of dairy production and marketing. Subsequently, the training was expanded to two members per household to increase the capacity within households to care for cows, a change that resulted in the training of a significant number of women. Using qualitative and quantitative data on dairy production and consumption, and on gendered control over income and assets, the article explores how men and women participated in and benefited from the Manica Smallholder Dairy Development Program (MSDDP). We found that despite being registered in the name of men, in practice, dairy cattle are in some cases viewed as jointly owned by both men and women. Beneficiary households dramatically increased dairy production and income, with men, women, and children all contributing labor to this endeavor. Women’s incentives for participation in dairy were less clear. Despite their recognized rights and responsibilities related to dairy cow management, women exercised relatively little control over milk and milk income as compared to men. This article explores the various monetary and nonmonetary benefits of MSDDP and dairying for women along with their implications for the level of effort put in by women, and the overall project outcomes. © 2015, © 2015 Asian Institute of Technology.	assets; dairy development; Gender; mixed methods; Mozambique; property rights	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857837922	The world café in South Africa: A case study on improving performance and commitment	Eriaan O., Cady S.H.	2012	Organization Development Journal	30	1	None	ChangeWright Consulting, Johannesburg, South Africa	Eriaan, O., ChangeWright Consulting, Johannesburg, South Africa; Cady, S.H., ChangeWright Consulting, Johannesburg, South Africa	We present a case study based on a body of methodologies within a field referred to as whole system collaboration and change, large-group methods or interventions, and large-scale change. The World Café conversational process was utilized as part of an intervention designed to improve employee commitment and ensure continued effort in a service improvement program at an Information and Communications Technology (ICT) company. We describe the process for evaluating the impact of interventions; and, we report that the intervention appeared to improve an objective measure of performance and positively impact attitudes within the organization.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84890016895	The Importance of Trust in Procurement Practices and Its Impact on Business Performance: An Empirical Investigation From the Perspective of the Buyer-Supplier Dyad	Dahwa M.P., Al-Hakim L., Ng E.	2013	Journal of Relationship Marketing	12	4	10.1080/15332667.2013.846768	Chartered Institute of Purchasing and Supply-Southern Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; School of Management and Marketing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia	Dahwa, M.P., Chartered Institute of Purchasing and Supply-Southern Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; Al-Hakim, L., School of Management and Marketing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia; Ng, E., School of Management and Marketing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia	This article investigates the importance of trust in procurement practices and its impact on business performance from the perspective of the buyer-supplier dyad within Zimbabwe's banking industry. This study was exploratory in nature and adopted the use of a case study methodology. The study involved 22 cases in the banking industry, with a total of 44 interviews being conducted. Findings revealed that 29 dimensions across 7 trust attributes in buyer-supplier procurement practices had an impact on business performance for firms in Zimbabwe's banking industry. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	banking; business to business; buyer-supplier procurement; relationships; trust theory; Zimbabwe	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960963180	Evaluation of two milk replacers fed to hand-reared cheetah cubs (Acinonyx jubatus): Nutrient composition, apparent total tract digestibility, and comparison to maternal cheetah milk	Bell K.M., Rutherfurd S.M., Cottam Y.H., Hendriks W.H.	2011	Zoo Biology	30	4	10.1002/zoo.20344	Cheetah Outreach Trust, Cape Town, Western Cape Province, South Africa; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Ecology Group, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands	Bell, K.M., Cheetah Outreach Trust, Cape Town, Western Cape Province, South Africa; Rutherfurd, S.M., Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Cottam, Y.H., Ecology Group, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Hendriks, W.H., Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands	Commercially prepared milk replacers are frequently used to provide the sole source of nutrition for hand-reared cheetah cubs (Acinonyx jubatus). The nutrient composition of two commonly used milk replacers was determined. Using titanium dioxide as an indigestible marker, nutrient digestibility was calculated from the analyses of fecal samples collected from each cub (n = 4 on formula 1, and n = 2 on formula 2). Mean apparent total tract digestibility for both formulas was &gt;90% for all nutrients analyzed (crude protein, amino acids, crude fat (CF), and dry matter). However, the total CF content and the concentration of the essential fatty acids, such as α-linolenic, linolenic, and arachidonic acid, of both formulas was lower than reported for maternal cheetah milk. Additionally, one formula contained a comparatively high amount of carbohydrate, at the expense of protein. Although data were lacking for cheetah maternal milk, comparison with domestic cat milk revealed high concentrations of a number of minerals (K, Fe, Zn, and Cu), while vitamin D 3 was not detected in one formula. Both formulas were low in the majority of essential amino acids compared with domestic cat maternal milk. Despite their apparently high digestibility, neither formula was complete or balanced in terms of nutrient concentrations and ratios when maternal cheetah milk and/or the requirements established for growth in domestic cats were used as estimates of ideal. On this basis, although all cubs in this study were healthy and maintained good body conditions for the duration of the trial, the results of dietary analyses indicate that these milk replacers may not provide optimal nutrition for growth in cheetah cubs when used for extended periods. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc..	Diet; Felid; Formula; Nutrition	animal; animal disease; animal food; animal husbandry; article; cattle; cheetah; chemistry; diet; digestion; elemental diet; feces; methodology; milk; nutritional value; physiology; zoo animal; Acinonyx; Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Animals, Zoo; Cattle; Diet; Digestion; Feces; Food, Formulated; Milk; Nutritive Value; Acinonyx jubatus; Felidae; Felis catus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-18144391576	Utilization of cellobiose by recombinant β-glucosidase-expressing strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Characterization and evaluation of the sufficiency of expression	McBride J.E., Zietsman J.J., Van Zyl W.H., Lynd L.R.	2005	Enzyme and Microbial Technology	37	1	10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.01.034	Chem. and Biochem. Eng. Program, Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States; Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	McBride, J.E., Chem. and Biochem. Eng. Program, Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States; Zietsman, J.J., Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Van Zyl, W.H., Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Lynd, L.R., Chem. and Biochem. Eng. Program, Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States	Two recombinant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing the BGL1 (β-glucosidase) gene originating from Saccharomycopsis fibuligera were characterized with respect to gene expression and growth on cellobiose under air and nitrogen gas phases. The laboratory strain Y294[ySF1], with β-glucosidase expression from a multi-copy plasmid, grew at comparable rates on cellobiose and glucose under both air and nitrogen gas phases. By contrast, strain N96[ySF1] grew at a much slower rate on cellobiose than on glucose under both gas phases. For the various strain and substrate combinations tested, cell-specific enzyme activity was significantly higher under a nitrogen gas phase as compared to an air gas phase. The ability of these strains to grow on cellobiose, a non-native substrate, was evaluated in terms of a dimensionless 'sufficiency' parameter, S, consisting of the ratio of the maximum cell-specific rate of glucose production from cellobiose to the maximum cell-specific rate of glucose consumption. At sufficiency values substantially less than one, specific growth rates were found to be limited by heterologous enzyme expression, whereas for values of sufficiency near and greater to one, specific growth rates on cellobiose approached their values on glucose. The concept of sufficiency appears to have general utility for work aimed at growth enablement on non-native substrates by virtue of heterologous enzyme expression. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	β-Glucosidase; Cellobiose; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Sufficiency	Cell culture; Genes; Glucose; Microorganisms; Strain; Substrates; Cellobiose; Gas phase; Gene expression; Saccharomycel cerevisiae; Enzymes; beta glucosidase; cellobiose; nitrogen; air; article; controlled study; culture medium; fungal metabolism; fungal strain; fungus growth; gene expression; glucose metabolism; growth rate; nonhuman; protein expression; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomycopsis fibuligera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33645859346	Herring fish (Clupea harengus) oil production and evaluation for industrial uses	Adeniyi O.D.	2006	Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology	27	4	10.1080/01932690500374334	Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	Adeniyi, O.D., Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	It is a well known fact that the lipid (oil) extracted from various fish species can be of industrial benefit if properly extracted and processed. In this study herring fish oil was analyzed using quantitative and qualitative analysis in other to provide an assessment of the quality of the oil for industrial purposes. This work focuses on the production of oil from frozen herring fish (Clupea harengus) as the raw material readily available on the market, by evaluating by the oil using chemical and physical analysis and refining the oil by degumming, neutralizing, drying, and decolorizing. The experimental results revealed that the rate of extraction increases with time until maximum extraction took place using an average size of 780 p.m. Every 10.64 g of dried sample used has about 4.34 g of oil extracted for five hours. The extracted herring fish oil contains two essential unsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which could be of great industrial importance. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	Clupea harengus; DHA; EFA; Fish oil; Herring; PUFA	Degumming; Drying; Extraction; Fatty acids; Food processing; Oils and fats; Clupea harengus; Decolorizing; Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA); Fish oil; Herring fish; Neutralizing; Lipids; Degumming; Drying; Extraction; Fatty acids; Food processing; Lipids; Oils and fats	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-48749112976	Environmental impacts of cocoa production and processing in Ghana: life cycle assessment approach	Ntiamoah A., Afrane G.	2008	Journal of Cleaner Production	16	16	10.1016/j.jclepro.2007.11.004	Chemical Engineering Department, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Koforidua Polytechnic, Koforidua, Ghana	Ntiamoah, A., Chemical Engineering Department, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Afrane, G., Koforidua Polytechnic, Koforidua, Ghana	Ghana is the world's second largest producer of cocoa beans. In addition to exporting raw cocoa beans, the country also processes some of its beans into finished and semi-finished cocoa products for both the local and international markets. This paper is aimed at providing a comprehensive picture of the environmental impacts associated with cocoa production and processing in Ghana by applying the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The analysis considered the entire system required to produce and process 1 kg of cocoa bean. It included the extraction of raw materials (e.g. fossil fuels, minerals), the production of farming inputs (e.g. fertilizers and pesticides) and all agricultural operations in the field (e.g. tillage, fertilizer and pesticides application, harvest, etc.). Transportation of beans to processing factory and industrial processing of the beans into cocoa butter, liquor, cake and powder were also included. The study was conducted in accordance with the international ISO procedural framework for performing LCA in the ISO 14040-14043 series. The overall environmental impacts resulting from cocoa production and processing activities and improvement options towards the sustainability of the system studied are presented and discussed. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Environmental impacts; Ghanaian cocoa industry; Life cycle assessment; Sustainability	Agricultural chemicals; Agricultural machinery; Beverages; Energy resources; Environmental impact; Extraction; Fertilizers; Food processing; Fossil fuel power plants; Fossil fuels; Garnets; International trade; Minerals; Pesticides; Raw materials; Silicate minerals; Spraying; Sulfate minerals; Tropical engineering; Agricultural operations; Cocoa beans; Cocoa butter; Entire system; Industrial processing; International (CO); International markets; Life cycle assessment (LCA)); Life cycle; Theobroma; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84953329293	Yellow Oleander Seed Oil Extraction Modeling and Process Parameters Optimization: Performance Evaluation of Artificial Neural Network and Response Surface Methodology	Ajala S.O., Betiku E.	2015	Journal of Food Processing and Preservation	39	6	10.1111/jfpp.12366	Chemical Engineering Department, Obafemi Awolowo University, OAU Campus, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	Ajala, S.O., Chemical Engineering Department, Obafemi Awolowo University, OAU Campus, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; Betiku, E., Chemical Engineering Department, Obafemi Awolowo University, OAU Campus, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	The effects of sample weight, time and solvent type on YOSO yield were evaluated using ANN and RSM. The predicted optimal condition for the extraction process was found to be the same for the ANN and RSM models developed: sample weight of 20g, time of 3h and petroleum ether. The models predictions of YOSO yield (ANN [77.42%] and RSM [78.64%]) at optimum levels were verified experimentally (ANN [77.63%] and RSM [76.64%]). Evaluation of the models by R2 and AAD showed that the ANN model was better (R2=1.00, AAD=0.61%) than the RSM model (R2=0.98, AAD=3.19%) in predicting YOSO yield. Physicochemical properties of the YOSO indicated that it was nonedible and the fatty acids profile showed that the oil was highly unsaturated (76.13%). Practical Applications: This study demonstrated modeling of YOSO extraction and optimization of process parameters that are involved. The performance evaluation results showed that both the ANN and RSM could be used for modeling and optimization of YOSO extraction process. Also, the characterization of the oil showed that it could serve as raw material for many chemical industries such as biodiesel production, soap, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industrials. The results from this study can be successfully scaled up to pilot scale. Also, the results could be extended to the extraction of other oilseeds. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	None	Chemical industry; Fatty acids; Neural networks; Oils and fats; Unsaturated fatty acids; Biodiesel production; Extraction process; Fatty acids profiles; Modeling and optimization; Optimization of process parameters; Physicochemical property; Process parameters optimizations; Response surface methodology; Extraction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745164279	Deterministic model for predicting gaseous pollutants concentration: An effective tool for pollution monitoring	Odigure J.O., Aregbesola B.O.	2005	Modelling, Measurement and Control C	66	06-May	None	Chemical Engineering Dept., Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Nigeria	Odigure, J.O., Chemical Engineering Dept., Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Nigeria; Aregbesola, B.O., Chemical Engineering Dept., Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Nigeria	There are various methods by which the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere can be obtained. One of the methods is qualitative analytical technique, which involves the use of various chemical reagents and apparatus. There is no single apparatus for this analysis. A method, which is quicker, is by modelling using known parameters and standard equations. This method although is quicker, cleaner and less laborious, is, however, just an estimate but is suitable for decision-making. This is the focus of this paper. The Fundamental principle of this paper is that the presence of gaseous pollutants in the atmosphere causes disequilibria in the prevailing meteorological condition. This is in accordance with the existing gas law. Therefore prevailing atmospheric pressure, temperature, wind speed and vapour pressure are function of the gaseous constituent concentration in the air. This project is aimed at developing a deterministic model for predicting gaseous pollutants' concentration. The developed model is presented as CPOLLUTANT=exp[- ūPPOLLUTANTΔx/KT3/2 The simulated results for concentration of air pollutants and the daily average of these concentrations were found to be comparable with the experimental results obtained from the various agencies in Nigeria. The proposed model can serve as a tool for predicting overall air pollutants' concentration in projects that require the overall impact of pollution. It is not suitable in case where the concentration of a particular pollutant is required.	Concentration; Mathematical modelling; Pollutants; Simulation	Atmospheric pressure; Computer simulation; Environmental impact; Mathematical models; Numerical methods; Parameter estimation; Air pollutants; Pollutants; Pollution monitoring; Meteorology	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-74349100385	Assessment of environmental impact on air quality by cement industry and mitigating measures: A case study	Kabir G., Madugu A.I.	2010	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	160	04-Jan	10.1007/s10661-008-0660-4	Chemical Engineering Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi P. M. B. 0248, Nigeria	Kabir, G., Chemical Engineering Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi P. M. B. 0248, Nigeria; Madugu, A.I., Chemical Engineering Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi P. M. B. 0248, Nigeria	In this study, environmental impact on air quality was evaluated for a typical Cement Industry in Nigeria. The air pollutants in the atmosphere around the cement plant and neighbouring settlements were determined using appropriate sampling techniques. Atmospheric dust and CO2 were prevalent pollutants during the sampling period; their concentrations were recorded to be in the range of 249-3,745 mg/m3 and 2,440-2,600 mg/m3, respectively. Besides atmospheric dust and CO2, the air pollutants such as NOx, SOx and CO were in trace concentrations, below the safe limits approved by FEPA that are 0.0062-0.093 mg/m 3NOx, 0.026 mg/m3SOx and 114.3 mg/m3 CO, respectively. Some cost-effective mitigating measures were recommended that include the utilisation of readily available and low-cost pozzolans material to produce blended cement, not only could energy efficiency be improved, but carbon dioxide emission could also be minimised during clinker production; and the installation of an advance high-pressure grinding rolls (clinker-roller-press process) to maximise energy efficiency to above what is obtainable from the traditional ball mills and to minimise CO2 emission from the power plant. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Atmosphere; Cement; Emission; Environment; Mitigation; Pollution	Air pollutants; Atmosphere; Atmospheric dust; Blended cement; Carbon dioxide emissions; Clinker production; High-pressure grinding; Mitigating measures; Nigeria; Press process; Sampling period; Sampling technique; Trace concentrations; Air quality; Ball milling; Ball mills; Carbon dioxide; Cement industry; Cement plants; Cements; Dust; Energy efficiency; Environmental impact; Environmental impact assessments; Global warming; Pollution; Carbon monoxide; carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; cement; nitric oxide; sulfur oxide; air quality; anthropogenic source; atmospheric pollution; carbon dioxide; carbon emission; cement; concentration (composition); dust; energy efficiency; environmental impact assessment; industrial emission; pollution policy; sampling; air pollutant; air quality; air sampling; article; atmosphere; case study; cement industry; controlled study; dust; environmental impact assessment; Nigeria; Air Pollutants; Carbon Dioxide; Construction Materials; Environmental Monitoring; Nigeria; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855999356	Structure-based design, synthesis and biological evaluation of N-pyrazole, N′-thiazole urea inhibitors of MAP kinase p38α	Getlik M., Grütter C., Simard J.R., Nguyen H.D., Robubi A., Aust B., Van Otterlo W.A.L., Rauh D.	2012	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	48	None	10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.11.019	Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany; Fakultät Chemie, Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany; Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Chemistry and Polymer Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa	Getlik, M., Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany; Grütter, C., Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany, Fakultät Chemie, Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany; Simard, J.R., Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany; Nguyen, H.D., Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany; Robubi, A., Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany; Aust, B., Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany; Van Otterlo, W.A.L., Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; Rauh, D., Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany, Fakultät Chemie, Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany	In this paper, we present the structure-based design, synthesis and biological activity of N-pyrazole, N′-thiazole-ureas as potent inhibitors of p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38α MAPK). Guided by complex crystal structures, we employed the initially identified N-aryl, N′-thiazole urea scaffold and introduced key structural elements that allowed the formation of novel hydrogen bonding interactions within the allosteric site of p38α, resulting in potent type III inhibitors. [4-(3-tert-Butyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-2-ylamino)carbonyl]amino}-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) -phenyl]acetic acid 18c was found to be the most potent compound within this series and inhibited p38α activity with an IC 50 of 135 ± 21 nM. Its closest analog, ethyl [4-(3-tert-butyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-2-ylamino) carbonyl]amino}-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl]acetate 18b, effectively inhibited p38α mediated phosphorylation of the mitogen activated protein kinase activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) in HeLa cells. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	DFG-out; Kinase inhibitors; p38α MAPK	[3 [5 [[[[4 [2 (benzyloxy)ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 yl]amino]carbonyl]amino] 3 cyclopentyl 1h pyrazol 1 yl]phenyl]acetic acid; [3 [5 [[[[4 [2 (benzyloxy)ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 yl]amino]carbonyl]amino] 3 cyclopropyl 1h pyrazol 1 yl]phenyl]acetic acid; [3 [5 [[[[4 [2 (benzyloxy)ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 yl]amino]carbonyl]amino] 3 tert butyl 1h pyrazol 1 yl]phenyl]acetic acid; [4 [3 tert butyl 5 [[(1,3 thiazol 2 ylamino)carbonyl]amino] 1h pyrazol 1 yl]phenyl]acetate; [4 [3 tert butyl 5 [[(1,3 thiazol 2 ylamino)carbonyl]amino] 1h pyrazol 1 yl]phenyl]acetic acid; [4 [5 [[[[4 [2 (benzyloxy)ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 yl]amino]carbonyl]amino] 3 cyclopentyl 1h pyrazol 1 yl]phenyl]acetic acid; [4 [5 [[[[4 [2 (benzyloxy)ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 yl]amino]carbonyl]amino] 3 tert butyl 1h pyrazol 1 yl]phenyl]acetic acid; ethyl [4 [3 tert butyl 5 [[(1,3 thiazol 2 ylamino)carbonyl]amino] 1h pyrazol 1 yl]phenyl]acetate; mitogen activated protein kinase 14; mitogen activated protein kinase p38 inhibitor; n [3 tert butyl 1 (4 methylphenyl) 1h pyrazol 5 yl] n' (1,3 thiazol 2 yl)urea; n [3 tert butyl 1 (4 methylphenyl) 1h pyrazol 5 yl] n' [4 [2 (4 pyridinylmethoxy)ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 yl]urea; n [3 tert butyl 1 (4 methylphenyl) 1h pyrazol 5 yl] n' [4 [2 [(4 fluorobenzyl)oxy]ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 yl]urea; n [4 [2 (benzyloxy)ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 yl] 3 fluoro 5 (4 morpholinyl)benzamide; n [4 [2 (benzyloxy)ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 yl] n' [3 tert butyl 1 (4 methylphenyl) 1h pyrazol 5 yl]urea; n [4 [2 (benzyloxy)ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 yl] n' [4 chloro 3 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; pyrazole derivative; tert butyl 4 (2 hydroxyethyl) 1,3 thiazol 2 ylcarbamate; tert butyl 4 [2 (4 pyridinylmethoxy)ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 ylcarbamate; tert butyl 4 [2 (benzyloxy)ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 ylcarbamate; tert butyl 4 [2 [(4 fluorobenzyl)oxy]ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 ylcarbamate; thiazole derivative; unclassified drug; urea derivative; article; biological activity; controlled study; crystal structure; drug design; drug potency; drug screening; drug structure; drug synthesis; enzyme phosphorylation; female; HeLa cell; human; human cell; pharmacological blocking; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 14; Models, Molecular; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Pyrazoles; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thiazoles; Urea; X-Ray Diffraction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77950589013	Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-anilinoquinolines as potent inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor	Pawar V.G., Sos M.L., Rode H.B., Rabiller M., Heynck S., Van Otterlo W.A.L., Thomas R.K., Rauh D.	2010	Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	53	7	10.1021/jm901877j	Chemical Genomics Centre, Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim- Zülch, Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty, University of Köln, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931 Köln, Germany; Department i of Internal Medicine, Center of Integrated Oncology Köln - Bonn, University of Köln, 50924 Köln, Germany; Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Pawar, V.G., Chemical Genomics Centre, Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; Sos, M.L., Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim- Zülch, Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty, University of Köln, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931 Köln, Germany; Rode, H.B., Chemical Genomics Centre, Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; Rabiller, M., Chemical Genomics Centre, Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; Heynck, S., Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim- Zülch, Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty, University of Köln, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931 Köln, Germany; Van Otterlo, W.A.L., Chemical Genomics Centre, Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Thomas, R.K., Chemical Genomics Centre, Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim- Zülch, Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty, University of Köln, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931 Köln, Germany, Department i of Internal Medicine, Center of Integrated Oncology Köln - Bonn, University of Köln, 50924 Köln, Germany; Rauh, D., Chemical Genomics Centre, Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany	The mutant receptor tyrosine kinase EGFR is a validated and therapeutically amenable target for genotypically selected lung cancer patients. Here we present the synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of 6- and 7-substituted 4-anilinoquinolines as potent type I inhibitors of clinically relevant mutant variants of EGFR. Quinolines 3a and 3e were found to be highly active kinase inhibitors in biochemical assays and were further investigated for their biological effect on EGFR-dependent Ba/F3 cells and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. © 2010 American Chemical Society.	None	epidermal growth factor receptor; erlotinib; n (3 ethynylphenyl) 6,7 bis(2 methoxyethoxy)quinolin 4 amine; n (3 ethynylphenyl) 6,7 dimethoxyquinazolin 4 amine; n (3 ethynylphenyl) 6,7 dimethoxyquinolin 4 amine; n [4 (3 bromophenylamino)quinazoline 6 yl]acrylamide; n [4 (3 bromophenylamino)quinazoline 6 yl]propionamide; n [4 (3 bromophenylamino)quinolin 6 yl] 4 (dimethylamino)butanamide; n [4 (3 bromophenylamino)quinolin 6 yl]acrylamide; n [4 (3 bromophenylamino)quinolin 6 yl]propionamide; n [4 [(3 bromo phenyl)amino]quinazoline 6 yl]4 (dimethylamino)butanamide; quinoline derivative; unclassified drug; article; drug activity; drug synthesis; human; lung small cell cancer; structure activity relation; substitution reaction; Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Mutation; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Quinolines; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor; Structure-Activity Relationship	None
WoS	WOS:000303928900011	Impact of a hospital improvement initiative in Bangladesh on patient experiences and satisfaction with services: two cross-sectional studies	Andersson, Neil,Cockcroft, Anne,Omer, Khalid	2011	BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH	11	None	10.1186/1472-6963-11-S2-S10	CIET Pakistan, CIET Trust Botswana, Univ Autonoma Guerrero	None	Background: The Bangladesh government implemented a pilot Hospital Improvement Initiative (HII) in five hospitals in Sylhet division between 1998 and 2003. This included management and behaviour change training for staff, waste disposal and procurement, and referral arrangements. Two linked cross-sectional surveys in 2000 and 2003 assessed the impact of the HII, assessing both patients' experience and satisfaction and public views and use of the hospitals. Methods: In each survey we asked 300 consecutive outpatients and a stratified random sample of 300 inpatients in the five hospitals about waiting and consultation time, use of an agent for admission, and satisfaction with privacy, cleanliness, and staff behaviour. The field teams observed cleanliness and privacy arrangements, and visited a sample of households in communities near the hospitals to ask about their opinions and use of the hospital services. Analysis examined changes over time in patients' experience and views. Multivariate analysis took account of other variables potentially associated with the outcomes. Survey managers discussed the survey findings with gender stratified focus groups in each sample community. Results: Compared with 2000, an outpatient in three of the hospitals in 2003 was more likely to be seen within 10 minutes and for at least five minutes by the doctor, but outpatients were less likely to report receiving all the prescribed medicines from the hospital. In 2003, inpatients were more likely to have secured admission without using an agent. Although patients' satisfaction with several aspects of care improved, most changes were not statistically significant. Households in 2003 were significantly more likely to rate the hospitals as good than in 2000. Use of the hospitals did not change, except that more households used the medical college hospital for inpatient care in 2003. Focus groups confirmed criticisms of services and suggested improvements. Conclusion: Improvements in some aspects of patients' experience may have been due to the programme, but the decreased availability of medicines in government facilities across the country over the period also occurred in these hospitals. Monitoring patients' experience and satisfaction as well as public views and use of hospital services is feasible and useful for assessing service interventions.	,CARE,FRAMEWORK,NATIONAL-SURVEY,PERFORMANCE,"PRIVATE HOSPITALS",QUALITY,QUESTIONNAIRE,RELIABILITY	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921889220	Sulphur trioxide decomposition with supported platinum/palladium on rutile catalyst: 2. Performance of a laboratory fixed bed reactor	Stander B.F., Everson R.C., Neomagus H.W.J.P., Van Der Merwe A.F., Tietz M.R.	2015	International Journal of Hydrogen Energy	40	6	10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.12.087	Chemical Resources Beneficiation Research Group, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Stander, B.F., Chemical Resources Beneficiation Research Group, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Everson, R.C., Chemical Resources Beneficiation Research Group, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Neomagus, H.W.J.P., Chemical Resources Beneficiation Research Group, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Van Der Merwe, A.F., Chemical Resources Beneficiation Research Group, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Tietz, M.R., Chemical Resources Beneficiation Research Group, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	The construction, operation and experimental evaluation of a laboratory scale fixed bed reactor for the decomposition of sulphur trioxide with a supported platinum and palladium based catalyst, were undertaken. The heating was accomplished with an electrical furnace and the objective was to operate at steady state with an acceptable conversion of sulphur trioxide involving an endothermic reaction. The catalyst consisted of 0.5 wt.% platinum and 0.5 wt.% palladium on rutile and the effect of the inlet temperature and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) was investigated. It was found that the reactor attained a steady state of operation for experiments conducted over a temperature range of 903 K and 1103 K with a sintered pelletized catalyst at a high temperature prior to reduction and reaction. Sulphur trioxide conversions equivalent to 60%, within 80% of the equilibrium value, were obtained at 1103 K over a range of weight hourly space velocities (2.6-865 h-1) involving a low gas velocity (Rep = 16) with a range of fixed bed configurations (2.5 mm diameter with 5-400 mm bed lengths). © 2014 Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC.	Fixed bed reactor performance; Platinum-palladium catalyst; Sulphur trioxide decomposition	Catalysts; Enzyme immobilization; Oxide minerals; Platinum; Sintering; Sulfur; Endothermic reactions; Equilibrium value; Experimental evaluation; Fixed bed reactor; Inlet temperature; Palladium catalyst; Platinum and palladiums; Weight hourly space velocity; Chemical reactors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846268795	Effect of drilled solids on drilling rate and performance	Njobuenwu D.O., Wobo C.A.	2007	Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering	55	04-Mar	10.1016/j.petrol.2006.08.012	Chemical/Petrochemical Engineering Department, Rivers State University of Science and Technology PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Fluids Division, Baker Hughes Nigeria Ltd, Plot 268 Trans Amadi, Industrial Layout, PMB 5241, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Njobuenwu, D.O., Chemical/Petrochemical Engineering Department, Rivers State University of Science and Technology PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Wobo, C.A., Fluids Division, Baker Hughes Nigeria Ltd, Plot 268 Trans Amadi, Industrial Layout, PMB 5241, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	This paper describes the results of laboratory investigations into the effect of drilled solids on the drilling rate and drilling performance. Drilling fluid performance and a successful result during drilling operations are characterised by the fluid's properties providing hole cleaning and cutting transport. Various concentrations of bentonite which has the same specific gravity with drilled solids were used to simulate drilling performance. The results were discussed in terms of electric stability (emulsion stability), high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) including the resultant filter cake, rheological properties of the active fluid Experiments show that the ES drops in half as the drilled solid (bentonite) concentration increases from 0 to 75 lb/bbl. The HPHT FL test produced thicker filter cake and the HPHT FL doubles while the YP quadruples as the bentonite concentration increases. Accumulation of filter cake on the bit or BHA during pull out of hole of a drill string and hole problems are attendant problems associated with inefficient solid control. The use of bentonite to simulate the drilled solid is good agreement with previous works. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Drilled Cuttings; Drilled Solids; Drilling Fluids; Emulsion Stability; Hole Problems; Synthetic Based Mud	Drilled solids; Drilling performance; Drilling rate; Emulsion stability; High-pressure high-temperature; Bentonite; Boreholes; Density (specific gravity); Drilling fluids; Emulsions; Stability; Oil well drilling; Bentonite; Boreholes; Density (specific gravity); Drilling fluids; Emulsions; Oil well drilling; Stability; bentonite; drilling fluid; emulsion; performance assessment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76149091240	Microwave-assisted synthesis and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of 3-{3-(s-aryl and s-heteroaromatic)acryloyl}-2H-chromen-2-one derivatives	Ajani O.O., Nwinyi O.C.	2010	Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry	47	1	10.1002/jhet.298	Chemistry Department, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Biological Science, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	Ajani, O.O., Chemistry Department, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Nwinyi, O.C., Department of Biological Science, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	(Chemical Equation Presented) The exploration of potential utilization of microwaves as an energy source for heterocyclic synthesis was herein investigated using condensation of 3-acetylcoumarin (1) with aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes to afford the corresponding aromatic chalcones (2a-j) and heteroaromatic chalcones (3a-e and 4a-e), respectively, in good to excellent yield within 1-3 min. The chemical structures were confirmed by analytical and spectral data. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity and 3-{3-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)acryloyl}-2H-chromen-2- one (2i) was discovered to be the most active at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 7.8 μg/mL. © 2010 HeteroCorporation.	None	3 (5 phenylpenta 2,4 dienoyl) 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (3 hydroxyphenyl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (4 chlorophenyl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (4 dimethylaminophenyl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (4 ethylphenyl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (4 hydroxy 3 methoxyphenyl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (4 hydroxyphenyl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (4 nitrophenyl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 chloro 1h pyrrol 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 chlorofuran 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 ethyl 1h pyrrol 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 ethylfuran 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 methyl 1h pyrrol 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 methylfuran 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 nitro 1h pyrrol 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 nitrofuran 2 yl]acryloyl) 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (furan 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 acetylcoumarin; 3 cinnamoyl 2h chromen 2 one; aldehyde derivative; antiinfective agent; chalcone derivative; coumarin derivative; streptomycin; unclassified drug; antibacterial activity; article; Bacillus anthracis; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus subtilis; controlled study; drug screening; drug structure; drug synthesis; Escherichia coli; Geobacillus stearothermophilus; infrared spectroscopy; Klebsiella pneumoniae; mass spectrometry; microwave radiation; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; nuclear magnetic resonance; polymerization; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Shigella dysenteriae; Staphylococcus aureus; ultraviolet spectroscopy	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33748979968	Chemical analysis and preliminary toxicological evaluation of Garcinia mangostana seeds and seed oil	Ajayi I.A., Oderinde R.A., Ogunkoya B.O., Egunyomi A., Taiwo V.O.	2006	Food Chemistry	101	3	10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.02.053	Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Ajayi, I.A., Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Oderinde, R.A., Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ogunkoya, B.O., Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Egunyomi, A., Botany Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Taiwo, V.O., Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The chemical analysis and preliminary toxicological evaluation of Garcinia mangostana seeds and seed oil have been investigated in order to determine the possibility of using them for human and/or animal consumption. Proximate analysis showed that the seeds had high amount of carbohydrate and were rich in oil (21.68 ± 6.18%) but have a low protein content. The physical properties of the oil extracts showed the state to be liquid at room temperature (25 ± 1 °C) and the colour of the oil golden-orange. The specific gravity of the oil was 0.98 ± 0.01. Among the chemical properties of the oil extracts, acid value, saponification number, iodine value, percent free fatty acid and peroxide value compared well with those of conventional edible oils. The seed flour was found to be a good source of minerals. It contained considerable amounts of potassium (7071 mg/kg), magnesium (865 mg/kg) and calcium (454 mg/kg). Fatty acid composition of the seed oil indicated that the oil contained one essential fatty acids small proportions: linoleic acid (1.30%). The most prevalent fatty acids were palmitic acid (49.5%) and oleic acid (34.0%). Weanling albino rats appeared to suffer no toxicological effects when fed with G. mangostana seed oil in their diet for 8 weeks. Weekly monitoring of the rats showed good physical appearance and steady weight increase. Histological examination of sections of the heart, liver, kidney, spleen and lung revealed that the kidney of some of the rats had some degrees of pathology which included diffuse glomerular and tubular degeneration. No lesion was found in the heart and liver of the rats. The seed oil could be useful as an edible oil and for industrial applications. © 2006.	Fatty acid; Garcinia mangostana; Mineral elements; Toxicology effect	calcium; carbohydrate; fatty acid; iodine; linoleic acid; magnesium; oleic acid; palmitic acid; peroxide; potassium; vegetable oil; acidity; animal tissue; article; chemical analysis; chemical composition; color; comparative study; degeneration; diet; fluor; Garcinia mangostana; glomerulus; heart; histology; kidney; kidney tubule; lipid composition; liquid; liver; lung; monitoring; nonhuman; pathology; plant seed; rat; relative density; room temperature; saponification; spleen; toxicology; Animalia; Garcinia mangostana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-71949105375	Environmental impacts of Sheba tannery (Ethiopia) effluents on the surrounding water bodies	Gebrekidan A., Gebresellasie G., Mulugeta A.	2009	Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia	23	2	None	Chemistry Department, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekele, Ethiopia	Gebrekidan, A., Chemistry Department, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekele, Ethiopia; Gebresellasie, G., Chemistry Department, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekele, Ethiopia; Mulugeta, A., Chemistry Department, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekele, Ethiopia	The levels of hexavalent chromium from direct and treated Sheba tannery effluents, downstream river and spring water samples and upstream river water samples were determined spectrophotometrically by the s-diphenylcarbazide method at 340 nm. Temporal and representative samples were collected from the untreated tannery effluent (S1), sedimentation pond (S2), chromium oxidation pond (S3), downstream river (S4), downstream spring (S5) and 5 kms upstream river (S6). The mean levels of hexavalent chromium in S1, S2, S 3, S4, S5 and S6 were 10.54, 9.15, 7.82, 0.58, 0.54 and 0.015 mg/L, respectively. The levels of hexavalent chromium in the downstream river and spring water samples exceed the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limit of total chromium in drinking waters (0.05 mg/L) as opposed to the levels in the upstream waters. The increased concentrations of Cr(VI) in the water samples indicate the possible environmental pollution of the downstream water bodies by the Sheba tannery effluents. In view of the toxicity and related environmental hazards, the levels of hexavalent chromium from the Sheba tannery effluents must be reduced to a permissible limit before discharging into the down stream waters being used for domestic purposes by the nearby communities. © 2009 Chemical Society of Ethiopia.	Environmental pollution; Ethiopia; Hexavalent chromium; S-diphenycarbazide; Tannery effluents	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650761334	Evaluation of the effect of temperature on the stability of metal soaps of trichosanthes cucumerina seed oil	Folarin O.M., Enikanoselu O.N.	2010	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	9	10	None	Chemistry Department, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Folarin, O.M., Chemistry Department, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Enikanoselu, O.N., Chemistry Department, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	The thermal behaviour of metal soaps of Trichosanthes cucumerina seed oil at 433, 453 and 473K was investigated and the thermodynamic parameters of the decomposition process determined. The kinetics of the decomposition was studied thermogravimetrically at various temperatures. The rates of the first stage decomposition were used to assess the effect of temperature on the susceptibility of metal soaps of Trichosanthes cucumerina seed oil. The values of rate constant are of the order 10-2min-1 and temperature-dependent. The enthalpy, entropy and free energy of activation for the decomposition of the metal soaps were determined. The thermodynamic values obtained showed that the system is endothermic and that the reaction process is a non-spontaneous one.	Decomposition; Energy of activation; Thermal stability; Thermodynamic parameters	Trichosanthes; Trichosanthes cucumerina	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79956082344	Evaluation of petroleum hydrocarbons in water, fish and plant samples in Degele and Environs in Delta state, Nigeria	Olaji E.D., Edema Clarkson U., Edema Mary O.	2010	Ecology, Environment and Conservation	16	4	None	Chemistry Department, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Olaji, E.D., Chemistry Department, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Edema Clarkson, U., Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Edema Mary, O., Chemistry Department, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	This work measures the total petroleum hydrocarbon in water, fish and plant samples from and around Degele community. Water, fish and plant samples were separately extracted and the extracts examined using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC/FID) after silica gel fractionation. The result of the analysis for water revealed that the mean levels of aliphatic Petroleum Hydrocarbons (PH) in well ranged between 0.004+ 0.002 and 0.004 ± 0.0069 mg/L, pond was between 0.006 ± 0.002 and 0.014 + 0.019 mg/L and the mean river level was 0.008 ± 0.008 mg/L. That of fish ranged between 0.188 + 0.122 and 1.315 + 0.808mg/kg for pond, 0.034 + 0.001mg/kg for the river and plant ranged between 0.044 and 0.079 mg/kg. Mean aromatic PHs in well ranged between 0.002+ 0.002 and 0.004 ± 0.003 mg/L, pond was between (0.001 ± 0.001 and 0.006 + 0.007mg/L and the mean river level was 0.004 ± 0.003 mg/L. That of fish ranged between 0.003 + 0.002 and 0.038 + 0.025mg/kg for pond, 0.019 + 0.001mg/kg for the river and plant ranged between 0.001 and 0.003 mg/kg. The hydrocarbon type was shown to be mainly moderately high molecular weight aromatic and high molecular weight aliphatics. Copyright © Enviromedia.	Fish plant petroleum hydrocarbon; Well-pond-River water	fish; gas chromatography; petroleum hydrocarbon; pH; pond; river water; water level; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34249733716	Single-walled carbon nanotube-induced crystallinity on the electropolymeric film of tetraaminophthalocyaninatonickel(II) complex: Impact on the rate of heterogeneous electron transfer	Pillay J., Ozoemena K.I.	2007	Chemical Physics Letters	441	42372	10.1016/j.cplett.2007.04.095	Chemistry Department, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	Pillay, J., Chemistry Department, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Ozoemena, K.I., Chemistry Department, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	We present a fundamental investigation on the impact of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) on the film structure and redox behaviour of tetraaminophthalocyaninatonickel(II) complex (NiTAPc) electropolymer immobilized on a basal plane pyrolytic graphite electrode (BPPGE). SWCNT induces crystallinity on the NiTAPc electropolymeric film structure and increases its apparent electron transfer rate constant (kapp). We proved that there is potential advantage of using electrode based on the SWCNT-poly-NiTAPc hybrid for catalytic and sensing applications as it enhances the catalytic current for the detection of nitric oxide more than twice compared to bare BPPGE, BPPGE-SWCNT and other electrodes without SWCNTs. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	None	Electron transitions; Electropolymerization; Graphite electrodes; Nickel compounds; Rate constants; Thin films; Electron transfer; Electropolymeric film structure; Electropolymeric films; Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCN)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-37549021530	Self-assembled nano-arrays of single-walled carbon nanotube-octa(hydroxyethylthio)phthalocyaninatoiron(II) on gold surfaces: Impacts of SWCNT and solution pH on electron transfer kinetics	Nkosi D., Ozoemena K.I.	2008	Electrochimica Acta	53	6	10.1016/j.electacta.2007.10.073	Chemistry Department, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	Nkosi, D., Chemistry Department, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Ozoemena, K.I., Chemistry Department, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	The construction by sequential self-assembly process of reproducible, highly stable and pH-responsive redox-active nanostructured arrays of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) integrated with octa(hydroxyethylthio)phthalocyaninatoiron(II) (FeOHETPc) via ester bonds on a gold surface (Au-Cys-SWCNT-FeOHETPc) is investigated and discussed. The successful construction of this electrode is confirmed using atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as from the distinct cyclic voltammetric and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic profiles. The Au-Cys-SWCNT-FeOHETPc electrode exhibited strong dependence on the reaction of the head groups and the pH of the working electrolytes, the surface pK a is estimated as 7.3. The high electron transfer capability of the Au-Cys-SWCNT-FeOHETPc electrode over other electrodes (Au-Cys-SWCNT or the Au-Cys-FeOHETPc or the Au-FeOHETPc) suggests that SWCNT greatly improves the electronic communication between FeOHETPc and the bare gold electrode. The electron transfer rate constant (k app) of Au-Cys-SWCNT-FeOHETPc in pH 4.8 conditions (∼1.7 × 10 -2 cm -2 s -1) over that of the electrode obtained from SWCNT integrated with tetraaminophthalocyninatocobalt(II) (Au-Cys-SWCNT-CoTAPc) (5.1 × 10 -3 cm -2 s -1) is attributed to the possible effect of the central metal on the phthalocyanine core and substituents on the peripheral positions of the phthalocyanine rings. We also prove that aligned SWCNT arrays exhibit much faster electron transfer kinetics to redox-active species in solutions compared to the randomly dispersed (drop-dried) SWCNTs. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Cyclic voltammetry; Electron transfer rates; Impedance spectroscopy; Octa(hydroxyethylthio)phthalocyaninatoiron(II); Self-assembled monolayer; Single-walled carbon nanotube; Surface pK a	Cyclic voltammetry; Esters; Gold; Iron compounds; pH effects; Redox reactions; Self assembled monolayers; X ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Electron transfer kinetics; Electron transfer rates; Impedance spectroscopy; Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCN)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896495824	Hemilabile imino-phosphine palladium(II) complexes: Synthesis, molecular structure, and evaluation in Heck reactions	Motswainyana W.M., Onani M.O., Lalancette R.A., Tarus P.K.	2014	Chemical Papers	68	7	10.2478/s11696-013-0530-6	Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, 7535 Bellville, South Africa; Carl A. Olson Memorial Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya	Motswainyana, W.M., Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, 7535 Bellville, South Africa; Onani, M.O., Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, 7535 Bellville, South Africa; Lalancette, R.A., Carl A. Olson Memorial Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, United States; Tarus, P.K., Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya	The ligands 2-(diphenylphosphino)benzyl-(2-thiophene)methylimine (V) and 2-(diphenylphosphino) benzyl-(2-thiophene)ethylimine (VI) were prepared from 2-(diphenylphosphino)benzaldehyde and thiophene amines with very good yields. An equimolar reaction of V and VI with either PdCl2(cod) (cod = cyclooctadiene) or PdClMe(cod) afforded palladium(II) complexes I-IV. The molecular structure of II was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The coordination geometry around the palladium atom exhibited distorted square planar geometry at the palladium centre. Complexes I, II, and IV were evaluated as catalysts for Heck coupling reactions of iodobenzene with methyl acrylate under mild reaction conditions; 0.1 mole % catalyst, Et3N base, MeCN reflux for 8 h, 80 C; isolated yield on a 10 mmol scale with catalyst I (64 %), II (68 %), and IV (58 %). They all exhibited significant activities. © 2013 Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences.	Heck reaction; imino-phosphine; palladium; Schiff-base molecular structures	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874911480	Synthesis, characterisation, docking analysis and biological evaluation of α,α′-bis(p-dimethylaminobenzylidene)-γ- methylcyclohexanone	Shalini S., Girija C.R., Karunakar P., Jotani M.M., Venugopala K.N., Venkatesha T.V.	2013	Indian Journal of Chemistry - Section B Organic and Medicinal Chemistry	52	2	None	Chemistry Research Centre, SSMRV Degree College, 4th 'T' Block, Jayanagar, Bangalore 560 041, India; Department of Biotechnology, PES Institute of Technology, BSK III Stage, Bangalore 560 085, India; Department of Physics, Bhavan's Sheth R. A. College of Science, Khanpur, Ahmedabad 380 001, India; Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Jnana Sahyadri, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta 577 451, India	Shalini, S., Chemistry Research Centre, SSMRV Degree College, 4th 'T' Block, Jayanagar, Bangalore 560 041, India; Girija, C.R., Chemistry Research Centre, SSMRV Degree College, 4th 'T' Block, Jayanagar, Bangalore 560 041, India; Karunakar, P., Department of Biotechnology, PES Institute of Technology, BSK III Stage, Bangalore 560 085, India; Jotani, M.M., Department of Physics, Bhavan's Sheth R. A. College of Science, Khanpur, Ahmedabad 380 001, India; Venugopala, K.N., Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa; Venkatesha, T.V., Department of Chemistry, Jnana Sahyadri, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta 577 451, India	α,α′-bis(p-Dimethylaminobenzylidene)-γ- methylcyclohexanone (BMABMC) C25H30ON2, has been synthesised and characterised by elemental analysis, 1H and 13C NMR, mass spectroscopic techniques and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The single crystal XRD studies of the title compound reveals the presence of C-H⋯O intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions linking inversion-related molecules into a dimer forming a ring of graph set R2 2(22). The antibacterial activitiy of the compound has been screened in vitro against the organisms. To evaluate the inhibition of HIV-1 integrase activity, molecular docking was performed and the study reveals a hydrophobic interaction with the catalytic core residues showing moderate inhibitory activity on HIV-1 integrase. The semi-empirical quantum chemical calculations were also performed using MOPAC2009 (PM3) for optimization of the geometry and the chemical activity of molecule. HOMO-LUMO transition implied an electron density transfer from C-N and C-C bonds at the edge of the molecule towards C-O and C-C bonds linked to central distorted cyclohexanone ring. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap of 7.778 eV reflects the chemical activity of the molecule thereby resulting charge transfer interaction.	Antimicrobial activity; Crystal structure; Cyclohexanone derivatives; Molecular docking analysis; MOPAC calculations	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867015332	The impact of Desmodium spp. and cutting regimes on the agronomic and economic performance of Desmodium-maize intercropping system in western Kenya	Kifuko-Koech M., Pypers P., Okalebo J.R., Othieno C.O., Khan Z.R., Pickett J.A., Kipkoech A.K., Vanlauwe B.	2012	Field Crops Research	137	None	10.1016/j.fcr.2012.08.007	Chepkoilel University College, A Constituent of Moi University, P.O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya; Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture, United Nations Avenue, P.O. Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2TQ, United Kingdom; Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI), Kitale, P.O. Box 450, Kitale, Kenya	Kifuko-Koech, M., Chepkoilel University College, A Constituent of Moi University, P.O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI), Kitale, P.O. Box 450, Kitale, Kenya; Pypers, P., Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture, United Nations Avenue, P.O. Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Okalebo, J.R., Chepkoilel University College, A Constituent of Moi University, P.O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya; Othieno, C.O., Chepkoilel University College, A Constituent of Moi University, P.O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya; Khan, Z.R., International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Pickett, J.A., Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2TQ, United Kingdom; Kipkoech, A.K., Chepkoilel University College, A Constituent of Moi University, P.O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya; Vanlauwe, B., Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture, United Nations Avenue, P.O. Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Low soil fertility, stemborers (particularly, Chilo partellus) and Striga weeds (Striga hermonthica and Striga asiatica) are major limitations to production of maize in western Kenya. The " Push-Pull" technology ("PPT") has been described as an appropriate innovative technology capable of addressing these constraints. The technology involves intercropping maize with Desmodium and planting Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) around the intercrop, but in the current study a modified PPT was used and Napier grass was not included. Field trials were conducted in two locations in western Kenya during 4 subsequent seasons to test the hypothesis that maize yield, the degree of Striga suppression and economic benefits of intercropping maize with Desmodium are affected by: (i) the related biomass production by different Desmodium species and (ii) the cutting regime of the Desmodium. Maize was intercropped with Desmodium uncinatum (Jacq.) DC, cv Silverleaf or Desmodium intortum (Mill.) Urb. cv Greenleaf, and treatments with sole maize (with and without urea) were included for comparison. To eliminate phosphorus (P) deficiency, all treatments received basal P. The first two Desmodium cutting events were fixed at land preparation i.e. at the start of every season, and 4 weeks later, following the recommended practice, while the third cutting was varied and conducted at 9, 12 or 18 weeks after planting maize. Maize yield in the Desmodium-maize intercropping system was only higher than sole maize without urea from the third season. This implies that when P is not limiting inclusion of Desmodium spp. into the maize cropping system would provide a substitute for inorganic N fertilizers to enhance crop growth and yield after Desmodium becomes well established. Cumulative maize grain yield over the four seasons with the D. intortum and D. uncinatum intercrops were 6.3 and 7.0, and 10.9 and 11.6tha -1 in Busia and Siaya, respectively, and significantly higher than or comparable to a maize monocrop (5.8 and 11.8tha -1). Average net benefits from Desmodium intercropping over the four seasons were increased by 1290 and 918$ha -1 relative to the maize monocrop in Busia and Siaya, respectively. Biomass yields were significantly higher for D. intortum than for D. uncinatum. Varying the time of the third Desmodium cutting had little effect on Desmodium biomass yields or maize grain yields in Busia, while in Siaya, D. intortum biomass yields were highest when cut at 12 weeks after planting. In the Desmodium intercropping systems, Striga counts were reduced by 95% in Busia and by 65-90% in Siaya with higher reductions when Desmodium was cut at 18 weeks after planting. In summary, the use of PPT provides robust and high economic benefits to smallholder farmers in western Kenya. The use of D. uncinatum with the third cutting at 18 weeks after planting is recommended, but can be modified according to the need for fodder without much effect on maize yield or revenue. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Desmodium intortum; Desmodium uncinatum; Maize; Striga	agricultural management; agronomy; crop yield; economic analysis; grass; innovation; intercropping; maize; Busia; Kenya; Nyanza; Siaya; Western Province [Kenya]; Animalia; Chilo partellus; Desmodium; Desmodium intortum; Desmodium uncinatum; Pennisetum; Pennisetum purpureum; Striga; Striga asiatica; Striga hermonthica; Zea mays	None
None	None	Predicting the impact of temperature change on the future distribution of maize stem borers and their natural enemies along East African mountain gradients using phenology models	Mwalusepo S., Tonnang H.E.Z., Massawe E.S., Okuku G.O., Khadioli N., Johansson T., Calatayud P.-A., Le Ru B.P.	2015	PLoS ONE	10	6	10.1371/journal.pone.0130427	CHIESA Project, Icipe - African Insect Science for Food and Health, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Mathematics, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of General Studies, Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; NSBB Project, Icipe - African Insect Science for Food and Health, Nairobi, Kenya; IRD/CNRS UMR IRD 247 EGCE, Laboratoire Evolution Génomes Comportement et Ecologie, CNRS, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France; Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France	Mwalusepo, S., CHIESA Project, Icipe - African Insect Science for Food and Health, Nairobi, Kenya, Department of Mathematics, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Department of General Studies, Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Tonnang, H.E.Z., CHIESA Project, Icipe - African Insect Science for Food and Health, Nairobi, Kenya; Massawe, E.S., Department of Mathematics, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Okuku, G.O., NSBB Project, Icipe - African Insect Science for Food and Health, Nairobi, Kenya; Khadioli, N., NSBB Project, Icipe - African Insect Science for Food and Health, Nairobi, Kenya; Johansson, T., CHIESA Project, Icipe - African Insect Science for Food and Health, Nairobi, Kenya; Calatayud, P.-A., CHIESA Project, Icipe - African Insect Science for Food and Health, Nairobi, Kenya, IRD/CNRS UMR IRD 247 EGCE, Laboratoire Evolution Génomes Comportement et Ecologie, CNRS, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France, Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France; Le Ru, B.P., CHIESA Project, Icipe - African Insect Science for Food and Health, Nairobi, Kenya, IRD/CNRS UMR IRD 247 EGCE, Laboratoire Evolution Génomes Comportement et Ecologie, CNRS, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France, Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France	Lepidopteran stem borers are among the most important pests of maize in East Africa. The objective of the present study was to predict the impact of temperature change on the distribution and abundance of the crambid Chilo partellus, the noctuid Busseola fusca, and their larval parasitoids Cotesia flavipes and Cotesia sesamiae at local scale along Kilimanjaro and Taita Hills gradients in Tanzania and Kenya, respectively. Temperature-dependent phenology models of pests and parasitoids were used in a geographic information system for mapping. The three risk indices namely establishment, generation, and activity indices were computed using current temperature data record from local weather stations and future (i.e., 2055) climatic condition based on downscaled climate change data from the AFRICLIM database. The calculations were carried out using index interpolator, a sub-module of the Insect Life Cycle Modeling (ILCYM) software. Thin plate algorithm was used for interpolation of the indices. Our study confirmed that temperature was a key factor explaining the distribution of stem borers and their natural enemies but other climatic factors and factors related to the top-down regulation of pests by parasitoids (host-parasitoid synchrony) also played a role. Results based on temperature only indicated a worsening of stem borer impact on maize production along the two East African mountain gradients studied. This was attributed to three main changes occurring simultaneously: (1) range expansion of the lowland species C. partellus in areas above 1200 m.a.s.l.; (2) increase of the number of pest generations across all altitudes, thus by 2055 damage by both pests will increase in the most productive maize zones of both transects; (3) disruption of the geographical distribution of pests and their larval parasitoids will cause an improvement of biological control at altitude below 1200 m.a.s.l. and a deterioration above 1200 m.a.s.l. The predicted increase in pest activity will significantly increase maize yield losses in all agroecological zones across both transects but to a much greater extent in lower areas. © 2015 Mwalusepo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.	None	altitude; calculation; Chilo; climate change; controlled study; Cotesia; data base; deterioration; down regulation; geographic distribution; geographic information system; Kenya; life cycle; maize; model; natural enemy; Noctuidae; parasitoid; phenology; plant yield; species; stem borer; Tanzania; weather	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860374055	Evaluation of tuberculosis diagnostics in children: 2. Methodological issues for conducting and reporting research evaluations of tuberculosis diagnostics for intrathoracic tuberculosis in children. Consensus from an expert panel	Cuevas L.E., Browning R., Bossuyt P., Casenghi M., Cotton M.F., Cruz A.T., Dodd L.E., Drobniewski F., Gale M., Graham S.M., Grzemska M., Heinrich N., Hesseling A.C., Huebner R., Jean-Philippe P., Kabra S.K., Kampmann B., Lewinsohn D., Li M., Lienhardt C.,	2012	Journal of Infectious Diseases	205	SUPPL. 2	10.1093/infdis/jir879	Child and Reproductive Health Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom; Henry Jackson Foundation-National Institute of Allergy, Infectious Diseases (NIAID) HIV/AIDS Scientific and Operational Support (HJF-DAIDS), Bethesda, MD, United States; University of Amsterdam, Netherlands; Médicins Sans Frontières, Geneva, Switzerland; Children's Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Unit, Tygerberg Children's Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Baylor School of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Biostatistics Research Branch, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States; Health Protection Agency National Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory, Clinical TB and HIV Group, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, United Kingdom; Médicins Sans Frontières, Sydney, Australia; Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Australia; STOP TB Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center, University of Munich, Germany; Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Epidemiology Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, Bethesda, MD, United States; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council, Gambia; Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States; Division of Biostatistics, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, United States; Section on Retrovirology and Global Health, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States; Children's HospitalWestmead, University of Sydney, Australia; International Research and Programs Branch, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi; Department of Tropical Medicine, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States; Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH, United States; Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US FDA, Rockville, MD, United States; Maternal Adolescent Pediatric Research Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, US Naval Medical Research Unit 6, Bellavista, Callao, Peru; National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Tuberculosis Research Centre, Chennai, India; Treatment Action Group, NY, United States; Adolescent and Maternal AIDS Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Rockville, MD, United States	Cuevas, L.E., Child and Reproductive Health Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom; Browning, R., Henry Jackson Foundation-National Institute of Allergy, Infectious Diseases (NIAID) HIV/AIDS Scientific and Operational Support (HJF-DAIDS), Bethesda, MD, United States; Bossuyt, P., University of Amsterdam, Netherlands; Casenghi, M., Médicins Sans Frontières, Geneva, Switzerland; Cotton, M.F., Children's Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Unit, Tygerberg Children's Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Cruz, A.T., Baylor School of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Dodd, L.E., Biostatistics Research Branch, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States; Drobniewski, F., Health Protection Agency National Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory, Clinical TB and HIV Group, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, United Kingdom; Gale, M., Médicins Sans Frontières, Sydney, Australia; Graham, S.M., Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Australia; Grzemska, M., STOP TB Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Heinrich, N., Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center, University of Munich, Germany; Hesseling, A.C., Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Huebner, R., Epidemiology Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, Bethesda, MD, United States; Jean-Philippe, P., Henry Jackson Foundation-National Institute of Allergy, Infectious Diseases (NIAID) HIV/AIDS Scientific and Operational Support (HJF-DAIDS), Bethesda, MD, United States; Kabra, S.K., All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Kampmann, B., Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, United Kingdom, Medical Research Council, Gambia; Lewinsohn, D., Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States; Li, M., Division of Biostatistics, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, United States; Lienhardt, C., STOP TB Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Mandalakas, A.M., Section on Retrovirology and Global Health, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States; Marais, B.J., Children's HospitalWestmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Menzies, H.J., International Research and Programs Branch, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Montepiedra, G., Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Mwansambo, C., Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi; Oberhelman, R., Department of Tropical Medicine, United States, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States; Palumbo, P., Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH, United States; Russek-Cohen, E., Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US FDA, Rockville, MD, United States; Shapiro, D.E., Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Smith, B., Maternal Adolescent Pediatric Research Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, Bethesda, MD, United States; Soto-Castellares, G., Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, US Naval Medical Research Unit 6, Bellavista, Callao, Peru; Starke, J.R., Baylor School of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Swaminathan, S., National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Tuberculosis Research Centre, Chennai, India; Wingfield, C., Treatment Action Group, NY, United States; Worrell, C., Adolescent and Maternal AIDS Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Rockville, MD, United States	Confirming the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis is a major challenge. However, research on childhood tuberculosis as it relates to better diagnostics is often neglected because of technical difficulties, such as the slow growth in culture, the difficulty of obtaining specimens, and the diverse and relatively nonspecific clinical presentation of tuberculosis in this age group. Researchers often use individually designed criteria for enrollment, diagnostic classifications, and reference standards, thereby hindering the interpretation and comparability of their findings. The development of standardized research approaches and definitions is therefore needed to strengthen the evaluation of new diagnostics for detection and confirmation of tuberculosis in children.In this article we present consensus statements on methodological issues for conducting research of Tuberculosis diagnostics among children, with a focus on intrathoracic tuberculosis. The statements are complementary to a clinical research case definition presented in an accompanying publication and suggest a phased approach to diagnostics evaluation; entry criteria for enrollment; methods for classification of disease certainty, including the rational use of culture within the case definition; age categories and comorbidities for reporting results; and the need to use standard operating procedures. Special consideration is given to the performance of microbiological culture in children and we also recommend for alternative methodological approaches to report findings in a standardized manner to overcome these limitations are made. This consensus statement is an important step toward ensuring greater rigor and comparability of pediatric tuberculosis diagnostic research, with the aim of realizing the full potential of better tests for children. © 2012 The Author.	None	tuberculostatic agent; article; asymptomatic disease; bacterium culture; comorbidity; consensus development; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test; disease classification; disease severity; groups by age; health status; high risk patient; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; intrathoracic tuberculosis; methodology; morbidity; mortality; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; practice guideline; priority journal; public health service; sensitivity and specificity; symptomatology; thorax radiography; tuberculosis; Adolescent; Antitubercular Agents; Bacteriological Techniques; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Reference Standards; Research; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922810556	Impact of contextualized pediatric resuscitation training on pediatric healthcare providers in Botswana	Wright S.W., Steenhoff A.P., Elci O., Wolfe H.A., Ralston M., Kgosiesele T., Makone I., Mazhani L., Nadkarni V.M., Meaney P.A.	2015	Resuscitation	88	None	10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.12.007	Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Botswana-UPenn Partnership, 214 Independence Ave, Gaborone, Botswana; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Naval Hospital, 3475N Saratoga St, Oak Harbor, WA, United States; Clinical Services, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana; Princess Marina Hospital, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana; University of Botswana School of Medicine, Gaborone, Botswana	Wright, S.W., Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Steenhoff, A.P., Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, United States, Botswana-UPenn Partnership, 214 Independence Ave, Gaborone, Botswana, University of Botswana School of Medicine, Gaborone, Botswana; Elci, O., Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Wolfe, H.A., Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Ralston, M., Naval Hospital, 3475N Saratoga St, Oak Harbor, WA, United States; Kgosiesele, T., Clinical Services, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana; Makone, I., Princess Marina Hospital, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana; Mazhani, L., University of Botswana School of Medicine, Gaborone, Botswana; Nadkarni, V.M., Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Meaney, P.A., Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, United States, Botswana-UPenn Partnership, 214 Independence Ave, Gaborone, Botswana	Background: Worldwide, 6.6 million children die each year, partly due to a failure to recognize and treat acutely ill children. Programs that improve provider recognition and treatment initiation may improve child survival. Objectives: Describe provider characteristics and hospital resources during a contextualized pediatric resuscitation training program in Botswana and determine if training impacts provider knowledge retention. Design/methods: The American Heart Association's Pediatric Emergency Assessment Recognition and Stabilization (PEARS) course was contextualized to Botswana resources and practice guidelines in this observational study. A cohort of facility-based nurses (FBN) was assessed prior to and 1-month following training. Survey tools assessed provider characteristics, cognitive knowledge and confidence and hospital pediatric resources. Data analysis utilized Fisher's exact, Chi-square, Wilcoxon rank-sum and linear regression where appropriate. Results: 61 healthcare providers (89% FBNs, 11% physicians) successfully completed PEARS training. Referral facilities had more pediatric specific equipment and high-flow oxygen. Median frequency of pediatric resuscitation was higher in referral compared to district level FBN's (5 [3,10] vs. 2 [1,3] p=. 0.007). While 50% of FBN's had previous resuscitation training, none was pediatric specific. Median provider confidence improved significantly after training (3.8/5 vs. 4.7/5, p < 0.001), as did knowledge of correct management of acute pneumonia and diarrhea (44% vs. 100%, p < 0.001, 6% vs. 67%, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: FBN's in Botswana report frequent resuscitation of ill children but low baseline training. Provider knowledge for recognition and initial treatment of respiratory distress and shock is low. Contextualized training significantly increased FBN provider confidence and knowledge retention 1-month after training. © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Developing countries; Emergency training, pediatric emergency training; PEARS; Pediatric emergency assessment recognition and stabilization; Resource-limited setting; Resuscitation education	Article; Botswana; child health care; diarrhea; health care facility; health care personnel; human; lobar pneumonia; medical education; medical society; observational study; patient referral; pediatric hospital; pediatric ward; practice guideline; priority journal; public hospital; respiratory distress; resuscitation; shock; tertiary care center; child; education; emergency; medical education; pediatrics; resuscitation; standards; Botswana; Child; Education, Medical; Emergencies; Health Personnel; Humans; Pediatrics; Resuscitation	None
WoS	WOS:000312264200025	Training hospital providers in basic CPR skills in Botswana: Acquisition, retention and impact of novel training techniques	Boulet, John R.,Church, Kasey K.,Davis, Amanda,Irving, Sharon Y.,Kestler, Andrew M.,Mazhani, Loeto,Meaney, Peter A.,Nadkarni, Vinay M.,Niles, Dana E.,Shilkofski, Nicole,Steenhoff, Andrew P.,Sutton, Robert M.,Tsima, Billy	2012	RESUSCITATION	83	12	10.1016/j.resuscitation.2012.04.014	Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia, Thomas Jefferson University, University of Botswana, University of Pennsylvania, Botswana Univ Pennsylvania Partnership, Fdn Adv Int Med Educ & Res, Perdana Univ	"Church, Kasey K.: Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia","Church, Kasey K.: University of Pennsylvania","Davis, Amanda: Thomas Jefferson University","Kestler, Andrew M.: University of Botswana","Mazhani, Loeto: University of Botswana","Meaney, Peter A.: Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia","Meaney, Peter A.: University of Pennsylvania","Tsima, Billy: University of Botswana",	Objective: Globally, one third of deaths each year are from cardiovascular diseases, yet no strong evidence supports any specific method of CPR instruction in a resource-limited setting. We hypothesized that both existing and novel CPR training programs significantly impact skills of hospital-based healthcare providers (HCP) in Botswana. Methods: HCP were prospectively randomized to 3 training groups: instructor led, limited instructor with manikin feedback, or self-directed learning. Data was collected prior to training, immediately after and at 3 and 6 months. Excellent CPR was prospectively defined as having at least 4 of 5 characteristics: depth, rate, release, no flow fraction, and no excessive ventilation. GEE was performed to account for within subject correlation. Results: Of 214 HCP trained, 40% resuscitate &gt;= 1/month, 28% had previous formal CPR training, and 65% required additional skills remediation to pass using AHA criteria. Excellent CPR skill acquisition was significant (infant: 32% vs. 71%, p &lt; 0.01; adult 28% vs. 48%, p &lt; 0.01). Infant CPR skill retention was significant at 3 (39% vs. 70%, p &lt; 0.01) and 6 months (38% vs. 67%, p &lt; 0.01), and adult CPR skills were retained to 3 months (34% vs. 51%, p = 0.02). On multivariable analysis, low cognitive score and need for skill remediation, but not instruction method, impacted CPR skill performance. Conclusions: HCP in resource-limited settings resuscitate frequently, with little CPR training. Using existing training, HCP acquire and retain skills, yet often require remediation. Novel techniques with increased student: instructor ratio and feedback manikins were not different compared to traditional instruction. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	"BASIC LIFE SUPPORT","CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION","CHEST COMPRESSION",COMPETENCE,CPR,"DEVELOPING COUNTRIES","emergency training",manikin,"resource-limited setting","RESUSCITATION EDUCATION","BLS SKILLS",CARDIOPULMONARY-RESUSCITATION,DEVELOPING-COUNTRIE	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953163559	Quantitative evaluation of third year medical students' perception and satisfaction from problem based learning in anatomy: A pilot study of the introduction of problem based learning into the traditional didactic medical curriculum in Nigeria	Saalu L.C., Abraham A.A., Aina W.O.	2010	Educational Research and Reviews	5	4	None	Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University College of Medicine (LASUCOM), Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Saalu, L.C., Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University College of Medicine (LASUCOM), Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Abraham, A.A., Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Aina, W.O., Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University College of Medicine (LASUCOM), Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria	Problem-based learning (PBL) is a method of teaching that uses hypothetical clinical cases, individual investigation and group process. In recent years, in medical education, problem-based learning (PBL) has increasingly been adopted as the preferred pedagogy in many countries around the world. Controversy, however, still exists as the potential benefits and overall outcome of PBL over traditional didactic learning (TDL). The present study compared the learning effectiveness of PBL with TDL using both experimental method (students' performance in examination) and observational method (students' responses to questionnaires). The self-administered questionnaires measured learning outcomes and acquisition of interpersonal skills on a 5-point Likert type rating scale of 1 (strongly agree) - 5 (strongly disagree). The study population comprised third year medical students of Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria. Half of the new innovative Human Anatomy curriculum was thought using PBL and the other half using TDL. The PBL method resulted in better examination scores than TDL for the same students. A majority of students felt that, the PBL sessions were better at fulfilling learning objectives, gave better factual knowledge of Anatomy, promoted better student participation in the learning process, provided more learning fun, ensured more students team work and interpersonal skills acquisition and enabled more students' reflective/critical thinking and reasoning of anatomy, as compared to traditional teaching methods. Most of the students opined that more such sessions should be organized in the future. The main disadvantage perceived was that, it was time-consuming. We conclude that, based on the examination scores and the responses of the students, PBL are more successful than TDL. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Medical students; Perception; Problem based learning; Traditional didactic learning	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951658521	Evaluation of poliovirus antibody titers in orally vaccinated semi-captive chimpanzees in Uganda	Mugisha L., Pauli G., Opuda-Asibo J., Joseph O.O., Leendertz F.H., Diedrich S.	2010	Journal of Medical Primatology	39	2	10.1111/j.1600-0684.2010.00400.x	Chimpanzee Sanctuary and Wildlife Conservation Trust (CSWCT), Entebbe, Uganda; Department of Wildlife and Animal Resources Management (WARM), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; College of Health Sciences, School of Biological Science, Department of Microbiology, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Robert Koch-Institut, Nordufer 20, Berlin 13353, Germany	Mugisha, L., Chimpanzee Sanctuary and Wildlife Conservation Trust (CSWCT), Entebbe, Uganda, Department of Wildlife and Animal Resources Management (WARM), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Pauli, G., College of Health Sciences, School of Biological Science, Department of Microbiology, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Opuda-Asibo, J., Department of Wildlife and Animal Resources Management (WARM), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Joseph, O.O., College of Health Sciences, School of Biological Science, Department of Microbiology, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Leendertz, F.H., Robert Koch-Institut, Nordufer 20, Berlin 13353, Germany; Diedrich, S., Robert Koch-Institut, Nordufer 20, Berlin 13353, Germany	Background: To understand immunological responses in chimpanzees vaccinated with live-attenuated vaccine (oral polio vaccine; OPV), serum neutralizing antibodies against poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 were investigated over time. Methods: The neutralizing antibody titers against poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 were determined by microneutralization test using 100 ID50 of poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 (Sabin strains). Results: Neutralizing antibodies against poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 were detected in 85.7%, 71.4%, and 65% of the serum from 42 chimpanzees tested 9 years post-vaccination. The neutralizing antibody titers in chimpanzees were similar to the documented levels in human studies as an indicator of vaccine efficacy. Conclusions: This study reveals persistence of neutralizing antibodies in chimpanzees for at least 9 years after vaccination with OPV. This first study in chimpanzees provides useful information for the evaluation of the success of vaccination with OPV in other captive apes. © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons A/S.	Chimpanzees; Great apes; Neutralizing antibodies; Poliomyelitis; Transmission	neutralizing antibody; oral poliomyelitis vaccine; sabin; unclassified drug; animal experiment; antibody detection; antibody titer; article; chimpanzee; controlled study; drug efficacy; female; immune response; infection resistance; male; nonhuman; poliomyelitis; Poliomyelitis virus; Poliomyelitis virus 1; poliomyelitis virus 2; poliomyelitis virus 3; priority journal; Uganda; vaccination; virus strain; virus transmission; Animals; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antibodies, Viral; Ape Diseases; Female; Male; Neutralization Tests; Pan troglodytes; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; Uganda; Vaccination; Hominidae; Pan; Poliovirus	None
WoS	WOS:000305004400012	Developing and Evaluating the Social Axioms Survey in Eleven Countries: Its Relationship With the Five-Factor Model of Personality	Amponsah, Benjamin,Boehnke, Klaus,Bond, Michael Harris,Burgess, Steven Michael,Busch, Holger,Conway, Lucian Gideon, III,Dominguez Espinosa, Alejandra del Carmen,Dragolov, Georgi,Fardis, Makon,Fukuzawa, Ai,Golestaneh, Maha,Gornick, Laura Janelle,Hofer, Jan	2012	JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY	43	5	10.1177/0022022111416361	Chinese Academy of Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Jacobs University, National Research University - Higher School of Economics, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, University of Bergen, University of Cape Town, University of Ghana, University of Haifa, University of Montana, University of Montana System, University of Tokyo, Zhejiang University, Univ Iberoamer, Univ Osnabruck	"Amponsah, Benjamin: University of Ghana","Boehnke, Klaus: Jacobs University","Bond, Michael Harris: Hong Kong Polytechnic University","Burgess, Steven Michael: University of Cape Town","Conway, Lucian Gideon, III: University of Montana","Conway, Lucian Gideon, III: University of Montana System","Dragolov, Georgi: Jacobs University","Fukuzawa, Ai: University of Tokyo","Golestaneh, Maha: University of Cape Town","Gornick, Laura Janelle: University of Montana","Gornick, Laura Janelle: University of Montana System","Ismail, Rosnah: Universiti Malaysia Sabah","Kurman, Jenny: University of Haifa","Lam, Ben C. P.: Hong Kong Polytechnic University","Lebedeva, Nadezhda: National Research University - Higher School of Economics","Leung, Kwok: City University of Hong Kong","Mendes Teixeira, Maria Luisa: Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie","Sam, David Lackland: University of Bergen","Tatarko, Alexander N.: National Research University - Higher School of Economics","Yamaguchi, Susumu: University of Tokyo","Zhang, Jianxin: Chinese Academy of Sciences","Zhou, Fan: Zhejiang University",	Based on a deductive, culturally decentered approach, new items were generated to improve the reliability of the original Social Axioms Survey, which measures individuals' general beliefs about the world. In Study 1, results from 11 countries support the original five-factor structure and achieve higher reliability for the axiom dimensions as measured by the new scale. Moreover, moderate but meaningful associations between axiom and Big-Five personality dimensions were found. Temporal change of social axioms at the culture level was examined and found to be moderate. In Study 2, additional new items were generated for social complexity and fate control, then assessed in Hong Kong and the United States. Reliability was further improved for both dimensions. Additionally, two subfactors of fate control were identified: fate determinism and fate alterability. Fate determinism, but not fate alterability, related positively to neuroticism. Other relationships between axiom and personality dimensions were similar to those reported in Study 1. The short forms of the axiom dimensions were generally reliable and correlated highly with the long forms. This research thus provides a stronger foundation for applying the construct of social axioms around the world.	ATTITUDES,BELIEFS,PERSONALITY,"SOCIAL COGNITION",VALUES,ADJUSTMENT,BELIEFS,FIT,ILLUSTRATION,PERSPECTIVE,TESTS,TRANSMISSION,UNIVERSAL,VALUES	None	None
WoS	WOS:000209108100013	Assessing the impact of TB/HIV services integration on TB treatment outcomes and their relevance in TB/HIV monitoring in Ghana	Ansa, Gloria Akosua,Siddiqi, Kamran,Walley, John D.,Wei, Xiaolin	2012	INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF POVERTY	1	None	10.1186/2049-9957-1-13	Chinese University of Hong Kong, University of Ghana, University of Leeds, University of York - UK	"Ansa, Gloria Akosua: University of Ghana","Siddiqi, Kamran: University of York - UK","Walley, John D.: University of Leeds","Wei, Xiaolin: Chinese University of Hong Kong"	Background: The impact of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on tuberculosis (TB), and the implications for TB and HIV control, is a public health challenge in Ghana - almost a quarter (23%) of all TB cases were HIV positive in 2010. The integration of TB/HIV services has therefore emerged as an essential component of the national response to TB and HIV. The aim is to reduce fragmentation, improve access, enhance efficiency and improve quality of care. Ghana's TB/HIV policy comprises three linked sets of activities: effective implementation of the Stop TB Strategy for TB control, improved HIV prevention and care, and the implementation of additional TB/HIV activities. Different models of service delivery with increasing integration of TB/HIV activities are expected to provide greater access to more comprehensive care. The objective of this paper is to assess the impact of TB/HIV integration on TB treatment outcomes and to explore the usefulness of TB treatment outcomes as TB/HIV indicators. Methods: A before-and-after study to observe the introduction of TB/HIV activities into TB programmes in three hospitals with different levels of integration was conducted. Anonymised patient data was collated from TB registers from each facility, and analysed to determine if TB treatment outcomes changed significantly after integration. Results: TB treatment success was 50% (95% CI 49 - 52) prior to, and 69% (95% CI 65 - 73) after, integration (chi(2) 43.96, p &lt; 0.00). Treatment success increased from 43% to 53% at the one-stop shop (OSS), from 69% to 78% at the partially integrated site (PIS) and substantially from 46% to 78% at the referral site (RS) (chi(2) 64.54; p&lt;0.01). Defaults and cases transferred out reduced from 14.3% and 15.3% prior to integration, to 1.4% and 9.0% after integration, respectively, accounting for a significant increase in treatment success. Death rates remained high at 18% in all cases studied and 25% in HIV-associated cases after integration. Conclusion: TB/HIV integration may improve TB treatment success, but its exact impact is difficult to ascertain due to non-specificity and design limitations. TB mortality may be more useful as an indicator for monitoring TB/HIV activities in Ghana.	HIV,indicator,INTEGRATION,"one-stop shop","partial integration",REFERRAL,"TREATMENT OUTCOME",TUBERCULOSIS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80455127170	Executive directors' contracts: Poor performance rewarded	Dandira M.	2011	Business Strategy Series	12	3	10.1108/17515631111130121	Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe	Dandira, M., Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe	Purpose To help companies find ways of reducing costs when an executive director leaves an organisation because of poor performance or at the end of a contract. Design/methodology/approach The author has conducted research in organizations that have executives on contracts for three to five years, identifies how executive directors are heavily rewarded when their contract ends voluntarily or involuntarily. Researches in organisations have shown that if you sign a contract as an executive director there is no incentive for excellent performance because most contracts of executives are designed in such a way that poor performance can be rewarded indirectly. Findings Very few executives in Zimbabwe work through their contracts up to the end especially in parastatals due to what is perceived as poor performance but they are always met with a "golden handshake" as they call it though they have not contributed much except the demise of the organisation. Practical implications Ways are provided for organisations to follow and try to mitigate the costs of paying executives when they leave organisations unceremoniously or when their contracts end without renewal. Originality/value This paper gives practical advice from situations in organizations and helps organisations to take into account the costs implications involved when an executive director leaves the organisation before the end of contract or poor performance. © 2011 Emerald Group Publishing Limited. All rights reserved.	Balanced scorecards; Glass ceilings; Severance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957520713	The impact of executive directors' service contracts on strategic plan	Dandira M.	2011	Business Strategy Series	12	1	10.1108/17515631111106830	Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe	Dandira, M., Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe	Purpose The purpose of this paper is to help boards of directors to find ways of establishing continuity in the strategic plan when strategists are employed on contract leave before the end of the strategic plan period. Design/methodology/approach The author has conducted research in organisations that have executives on contracts of three to five years, and identifies how strategic plans are negatively affected when executives on contract especially top management leave organisations when their contracts ends. Research in organisations has shown that strategic plans usually have longer periods than the contract of the strategist, and contract renewal is sometimes not obvious. Findings The length of the strategist's contract and the length of the strategic plan have not been taken into account when crafting strategic plans in organisations and appointing executive directors. This scenario has caused a lot of strategy failures. Practical implications Ways are provided for boards of directors and organisations to foster a culture of continuity of the strategic plan even when executives leave the organisation unceremoniously or when their contracts end and are not renewed. Originality/value This paper gives practical advice from situations in organisations and helps boards of directors to take into account the duration of strategic plans when employing executives. © 2011 Emerald Group Publishing Limited. All rights reserved.	Contract workers; Corporate strategy; Mission achievement; Strategic planning	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-27144524041	Evaluation of envelope vaccines derived from the South African subtype C human immunodeficiency virus type 1 TV1 strain	Lian Y., Srivastava I., Gómez-Román V.R., Zur Megede J., Sun Y., Kan E., Hilt S., Engelbrecht S., Himathongkham S., Luciw P.A., Otten G., Ulmer J.B., Donnelly J.J., Rabussay D., Montefiori D., Van Rensburg E.J., Barnett S.W.	2005	Journal of Virology	79	21	10.1128/JVI.79.21.13338-13349.2005	Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States; University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Genetronics/Inovio, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, United States; Chiron Corp., 4560 Horton St., Emeryville, CA 94608, United States; Food and Drug Laboratory, Richmond, CA 94804, United States; Department of Medical Virology, Tswane Academic Division, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Lian, Y., Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States; Srivastava, I., Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States; Gómez-Román, V.R., Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States; Zur Megede, J., Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States; Sun, Y., Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States; Kan, E., Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States; Hilt, S., Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States; Engelbrecht, S., University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Himathongkham, S., University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States, Food and Drug Laboratory, Richmond, CA 94804, United States; Luciw, P.A., University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Otten, G., Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States; Ulmer, J.B., Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States; Donnelly, J.J., Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States; Rabussay, D., Genetronics/Inovio, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, United States; Montefiori, D., Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Van Rensburg, E.J., University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Medical Virology, Tswane Academic Division, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Barnett, S.W., Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States, Chiron Corp., 4560 Horton St., Emeryville, CA 94608, United States	Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype C infections are on the rise in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Therefore, there is a need to develop an HIV vaccine capable of eliciting broadly reactive immune responses against members of this subtype. We show here that modified HIV envelope (env) DNA vaccines derived from the South African subtype C TV1 strain are able to prime for Immoral responses in rabbits and rhesus macaques. Priming rabbits with DNA plasmids encoding V2-deleted TV1 gp140 (gp140TV1ΔV2), followed by boosting with oligomeric protein (o-gp140TV1ΔV2) in MF59 adjuvant, elicited higher titers of env-binding and autologous neutralizing antibodies than priming with DNA vaccines encoding the full-length TV1 env (gp160) or the intact TV1 gp140. Immunization with V2-deleted subtype B SF162 env and V2-deleted TVl env together using a multivalent vaccine approach induced high titers of oligomeric env-binding antibodies and autologous neutralizing antibodies against both the subtypes B and C vaccine strains, HIV-1 SF162 and TV1, respectively. Low-level neutralizing activity against the heterologous South African subtype C TV2 strain, as well as a small subset of viruses in a panel of 13 heterologous primary isolates, was observed in some rabbits immunized with the V2-deleted vaccines. Immunization of rhesus macaques with the V2-deleted TV1 DNA prime/protein boost also elicited high titers of env-binding antibodies and moderate titers of autologous TV1 neutralizing antibodies. The pilot-scale production of the various TV1 DNA vaccine constructs and env proteins described here should provide an initial platform upon which to improve the immunogenicity of these subtype C HIV envelope vaccines. Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.	None	binding protein; DNA vaccine; Human immunodeficiency virus vaccine; neutralizing antibody; unclassified drug; virus envelope protein; virus envelope vaccine; animal cell; antibody response; antibody titer; article; cytotoxic T lymphocyte; derivatization; evaluation; human; human cell; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 subtype c; immune response; immunogenicity; nonhuman; priority journal; South Africa; virus envelope; virus isolation; virus strain; AIDS Vaccines; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Gene Deletion; Gene Products, env; HIV Antibodies; HIV Envelope Protein gp160; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Immunization, Secondary; Injections, Intramuscular; Macaca mulatta; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Neutralization Tests; Rabbits; Sequence Alignment; South Africa; Vaccination; Vaccines, DNA; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Macaca mulatta; Oryctolagus cuniculus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70049113277	Motion Palpation Used as a Postmanipulation Assessment Tool for Monitoring End-Feel Improvement: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Test Responsiveness	Lakhani E., Nook B., Haas M., Docrat A.	2009	Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics	32	7	10.1016/j.jmpt.2009.08.004	Chiropractic Department, Durban University of Technology [merger of Natal Technikon and ML Sultan Technikon], Durban, Kwazulu Natal, South Africa; Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia; Western States Chiropractic College, Portland, Ore, United States; Chiropractic Department, Durban University of Technology [merger of Natal Technikon and ML Sultan Technikon], Durban, Kwazulu Natal, South Africa	Lakhani, E., Chiropractic Department, Durban University of Technology [merger of Natal Technikon and ML Sultan Technikon], Durban, Kwazulu Natal, South Africa; Nook, B., Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia; Haas, M., Western States Chiropractic College, Portland, Ore, United States; Docrat, A., Chiropractic Department, Durban University of Technology [merger of Natal Technikon and ML Sultan Technikon], Durban, Kwazulu Natal, South Africa	Objective: A tenet of motion palpation theory is the ability to confirm postadjustive segmental end-feel improvement (EFI). Only one previous trial has evaluated the responsiveness of EFI; this was a study of the thoracic spine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the responsiveness of postadjustive end-feel for evaluating improvement in putative segmental spinal motion restriction after spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) of the cervical spine. Methods: A prospective, blinded, randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial was conducted with 20 symptomatic and 10 asymptomatic participants recruited from a chiropractic teaching clinic. The treatment group received SMT, and the control group received placebo detuned ultrasound. Responsiveness was evaluated as the etiologic fraction (% of cases with EFI attributable to SMT) and as the sensitivity and specificity of change. Results: For the entire sample, the etiologic fraction was 63% (P = .002), sensitivity was 93%, and specificity was 67%. For symptomatic participants, a strong relationship appeared to exist between receiving SMT and EFI (etiologic fraction = 78%, P = .006; sensitivity = 90%; specificity = 80%). A strong relationship was not found for asymptomatic participants (etiologic fraction = 40%, P = .444; sensitivity = 100%; specificity = 40%), where EFI was recorded frequently, whether participants received SMT or detuned ultrasound. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that motion palpation of end-feel assessment appears to be a responsive postmanipulation assessment tool in the cervical spine for determining whether perceived motion restriction found before treatment improves after SMT. This observation may be limited to symptomatic participants. © 2009.	Chiropractic; Manipulation; Palpation, Reliability, and Validity; Research, Evaluation; Spinal	placebo; adult; article; cervical spine; chiropractic; clinical article; controlled study; echography; female; human; male; manipulative medicine; palpation; physiotherapy; prospective study; sensitivity and specificity; spinal motion restriction; spine disease; Adult; Cervical Vertebrae; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Manipulation, Spinal; Monitoring, Physiologic; Pain Measurement; Palpation; Patient Satisfaction; Pilot Projects; Prospective Studies; Reference Values; Reproducibility of Results; Risk Assessment; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sensory Thresholds; Single-Blind Method; South Africa; Spinal Diseases; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867177735	Rheumatic mitral repair versus replacement in a threshold country: The impact of commissural fusion	Geldenhuys A., Koshy J.J., Human P.A., Mtwale J.F., Brink J.G., Zilla P.	2012	Journal of Heart Valve Disease	21	4	None	Christiaan Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Geldenhuys, A., Christiaan Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Koshy, J.J., Christiaan Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Human, P.A., Christiaan Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Mtwale, J.F., Christiaan Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Brink, J.G., Christiaan Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Zilla, P., Christiaan Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Background and aim of the study: In developing countries rheumatic heart disease is the predominant indication for cardiac surgery. As the disease tends to progress, reoperation rates for mitral valve repairs are high. Against this background, the predictors of failure were assessed and the overall performance of repairs compared with replacements in a 10-year cohort of rheumatic single mitral valve procedures. Methods: Between 2000 and 2010, a total of 646 consecutive adult (aged >15 years) patients underwent primary, single mitral valve procedures. All 87 percutaneous balloon valvuloplasties (100%) were rheumatic, compared to 280 of the 345 primary mitral valve replacements (81%) and 69 of the 215 primary mitral valve repairs (32%). As the study aim was to compare the outcome of mitral valve repair versus replacement in rheumatic patients of a threshold country, all 69 repair patients were propensity-matched with 69 of the replacement patients. Based on propensity score analysis, Kaplan-Meier actuarial analysis with log-rank testing was used to evaluate survival and morbidity. Results: The follow up was 100% complete (n = 138), and ranged from 0.6 to 132 months (mean 53.3 ± 36.5 months). Actuarial freedom from valve-related mortality was 96 ± 3% and 92 ± 4% at five years, and 96 ± 3% and 80 ± 11% at 10 years for repairs and replacements, respectively (p = NS). Actuarial freedom from all valve-related events (deaths, reoperations and morbidity) was 80 ± 6% and 86 ± 5% at five years, and 70 ± 8% and 69 ± 11% at 10 years (p = NS). Actuarial freedom from all valve-related events was 57 ± 11% and 96 ± 3% at five years (p =0.0008), and 42 ± 12% and 96 ± 3% at 10 years (p <0.001) for those mitral valve repairs with and without commissural fusion, respectively (p = 0.0002 overall). Conclusion: The long-term results for mitral valve replacement in an indigent, rheumatic heart disease population of a developing country were better than generally perceived. Notwithstanding, mitral valve repair has a superior long-term outcome in those patients who do not show commissural fusion at operation. © Copyright by ICR Publishers 2012.	None	adult; article; female; follow up; human; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; male; mitral valve repair; mitral valve replacement; morbidity; priority journal; reoperation; rheumatic heart disease; survival; transluminal valvuloplasty; treatment failure; adolescent; aged; child; community care; comparative study; developing country; heart atrium fibrillation; heart valve replacement; Kaplan Meier method; methodology; middle aged; mitral annuloplasty; mitral valve regurgitation; mortality; South Africa; statistics; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Atrial Fibrillation; Child; Developing Countries; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Middle Aged; Mitral Valve Annuloplasty; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; Morbidity; Reoperation; Rheumatic Heart Disease; South Africa; Uncompensated Care; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951546609	Environmental impact assessment, land degradation and remediation in Nigeria: Current problems and implications for future global change in agricultural and mining areas	Chukwuma Sr. C.	2011	International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology	18	1	10.1080/13504509.2011.543837	Chrysanthus Centre for Future-Oriented Studies, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	Chukwuma Sr., C., Chrysanthus Centre for Future-Oriented Studies, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	Natural and anthropogenic processes and products of mining affect quality of life in highly mineralised areas, such as the derelict Enyigba-Abakaliki agriculture-oriented lead-zinc mining area, which has degradation of land and groundwater resources. This study establishes that Nigeria and other developing nations should maximise the benefits and mitigate the negative impacts of adverse natural and mining activities so as to achieve poverty alleviation. Baseline data on the economic, fiscal, social, land and flora, as well as environmental impacts and plans were designed to take into consideration the ways and means for mine closure and remediation to reduce health, environmental, socio-cultural risks and to assess costs. Certain cultivated and wild plant species are suggested as heavy metal indicators for environmental monitoring. The findings show that communities need leadership, partnerships, sharing of experiences and support from all government levels to preserve land and groundwater resources. We must adopt broader policies in a coordinated fashion so as to cope with interrelated environmental and developmental problems, irrespective of the expansive uncertainty regarding the nature of these problems, particularly with respect to economically doubtful mining operations that can degrade our agricultural soils. © 2011 Taylor & Francis.	agricultural soils; developing countries; environmental impacts; land degradation; mining areas; remediation	agricultural land; cultivation; developing world; economic analysis; environmental impact assessment; environmental monitoring; groundwater resource; heavy metal; land degradation; land management; mineralization; mining; plant community; poverty alleviation; risk assessment; state role; uncertainty analysis; wild population; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903306367	The HIV basic care package: Where is it available and who receives it? Findings from a mixed methods evaluation in Kenya and Uganda	Penfold S., Simms V., Downing J., Powell R.A., Mwangi-Powell F., Namisango E., Moreland S., Atieno M., Gikaara N., Kataike J., Kwebiha C., Munene G., Banga G., Higginson I.J., Harding R.	2014	AIDS Care - Psychological and Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV	26	9	10.1080/09540121.2014.882489	Cicely Saunders Institute, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; African Palliative Care Association, Kampala, Uganda; Futures Group, Chapel Hill, NC, United States	Penfold, S., Cicely Saunders Institute, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Simms, V., Cicely Saunders Institute, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Downing, J., African Palliative Care Association, Kampala, Uganda; Powell, R.A., African Palliative Care Association, Kampala, Uganda; Mwangi-Powell, F., African Palliative Care Association, Kampala, Uganda; Namisango, E., African Palliative Care Association, Kampala, Uganda; Moreland, S., Futures Group, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Atieno, M., African Palliative Care Association, Kampala, Uganda; Gikaara, N., African Palliative Care Association, Kampala, Uganda; Kataike, J., African Palliative Care Association, Kampala, Uganda; Kwebiha, C., African Palliative Care Association, Kampala, Uganda; Munene, G., African Palliative Care Association, Kampala, Uganda; Banga, G., African Palliative Care Association, Kampala, Uganda; Higginson, I.J., Cicely Saunders Institute, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Harding, R., Cicely Saunders Institute, King's College London, London, United Kingdom	An evidence-based basic care package (BCP) of seven interventions (Family testing, Cotrimoxazole, Condoms, Multivitamins, Access to safe water treatment, Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT), and Insecticide-treated bednet) has been advocated to prevent infections among people with HIV in low-income settings. We examined the availability and receipt of the BCP in HIV outpatient clinics in Kenya and Uganda. A survey of 120 PEPFAR-funded facilities determined the services offered. At each of the 12 largest facilities, a longitudinal cohort of 100 patients was recruited to examine care received and health status over three months. The full BCP was offered in 14% (n = 17/120) of facilities; interventions most commonly offered were Support for family testing (87%) and Condoms (87%), and least commonly IPT (38%). Patients (n = 1335) most commonly reported receiving Cotrimoxazole (57%) and Multivitamins (36%), and least commonly IPT (4%), directly from the facility attended. The BCP (excluding Isoniazid) was received by 3% of patients directly from the facility and 24% from any location. BCP receipt was associated with using antiretroviral therapy (ART; OR 1.1 (95% CI 1.0-1.1), receipt from any location) but not with patient gender, wealth, education level or health. The BCP should be offered at more HIV care facilities, especially Isoniazid, and to more people irrespective of ART use. Coordinating local BCP suppliers could help improve availability through addressing logistical challenges or reducing costs. © 2014 © 2014 Taylor & Francis.	delivery of healthcare; East Africa; HIV; opportunistic infections	anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; cotrimoxazole; isoniazid; multivitamin; adult; article; bed net; condom; family testing; female; health; health care delivery; health care facility; health care survey; health status; HIV test; hospital; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infection prevention; Kenya; major clinical study; male; mental health; palliative therapy; priority journal; Uganda; water supply; water treatment; delivery of healthcare; East Africa; HIV; opportunistic infections; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Communicable Disease Control; Condoms; Cross-Sectional Studies; Evidence-Based Medicine; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Insecticide-Treated Bednets; Intervention Studies; Interviews as Topic; Isoniazid; Kenya; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination; Uganda; Vitamins; Water Supply	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84952326333	Non-uniformity of storm impacts on three high-energy embayed beaches	Loureiro C., Ferreira O., Cooper J.A.G.	2014	Journal of Coastal Research	70	None	10.2112/SI70-055.1	CIMA - Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, Universidade Do Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Centre for Coastal and Marine Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom; Geological Sciences, School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, South Africa	Loureiro, C., CIMA - Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, Universidade Do Algarve, Faro, Portugal, Centre for Coastal and Marine Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom, Geological Sciences, School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, South Africa; Ferreira, O., CIMA - Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, Universidade Do Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Cooper, J.A.G., Centre for Coastal and Marine Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom, Geological Sciences, School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, South Africa	Coastal storms are highly significant and destructive events and important natural hazards that have major impacts upon the physical and human-cultural coastline environments. Exceptional coastal storms in the last decades have emphasized the urgent need to reinforce scientific knowledge regarding the frequency, impact and role of these extreme events. This is particularly relevant for embayed beaches, where geomorphological control promotes characteristic morphodynamic responses that are distinct from the better studied long-linear beaches. This paper analyses storm response from datasets of morphological change obtained from three embayments located in three distinct wave environments. Analysis of the morphological response to extreme storm events, particularly the 2007 March Equinox storm in eastern South Africa, the January-February 2009 storm group in southwestern Portugal and the December 2011-January 2012 storm group in northwestern Ireland, demonstrate that storm-induced morphological change in the Durban Bight, Arrifana beach and Portstewart Strand is highly variable alongshore. Retreat values for the mean high water spring shoreline are shown to differ significantly within each embayment. This alongshore non-uniform response to storm-events is attributed to boundary effects triggered by the presence of natural headlands or outcrops and/or artificial engineering structures. Megarip development drives variability in storm response in Arrifana, while wave shadowing and interruption of longshore sediment movement under south-easterly/west-northwesterly storm waves promotes the northward/westward increase in shoreline retreat in the Durban Bight and Portstewart Strand, respectively. Boundary effects significantly influence short-term morphodynamic behaviour during storms and, consequently, determine alongshore non-uniform morphologic response to storm events, irrespective of embayment dimensions and event magnitude. © Coastal Education & Research Foundation 2014.	alongshore variability; beach surveys; erosion; geological control	None	None
WoS	WOS:000282120600024	Educational impact of a hospital-based neonatal resuscitation program in Ghana	Barker, Pierre,Bookman, Laurel,Engmann, Cyril,Enweronu-Laryea, Christabel,Owen, Medge,Price, Wayne,Randolph, Greg,Srofenyoh, Emmanuel	2010	RESUSCITATION	81	9	10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.04.034	Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Wake Forest University, Korle Bu Teaching Hosp, Ridge Reg Hosp	"Barker, Pierre: University of North Carolina","Barker, Pierre: University of North Carolina Chapel Hill","Bookman, Laurel: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center","Engmann, Cyril: University of North Carolina","Engmann, Cyril: University of North Carolina Chapel Hill","Owen, Medge: Wake Forest University","Price, Wayne: University of North Carolina","Price, Wayne: University of North Carolina Chapel Hill","Randolph, Greg: University of North Carolina","Randolph, Greg: University of North Carolina Chapel Hill",	Aim of the study: To assess midwives' baseline cognitive knowledge of evidence-based neonatal resuscitation practices, and short- and long-term educational effects of teaching a neonatal resuscitation program in a hospital setting in West Africa. Methods: All midwives (n = 14) on the labor ward at Ridge Hospital in Ghana were trained using materials modified from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP). This training program included didactic and practical teaching and was assessed by direct observation within delivery rooms and written pre- and post-test evaluations. Written and practical modules 9-12 months after the initial training session were also conducted to assess retention of NRP knowledge and skills. Results: Fourteen midwives received NRP training on the labor ward. Both written and practical evaluation of neonatal resuscitation skills increased after training. The percentage of items answered correctly on the written examination increased from 56% pre-training to 71% post-training (p &lt;0.01). The percentage of items performed correctly on the practical evaluation of skills increased from 58% pre-training to 81% (p &lt;0.01). These results were sustained 9-12 months after the initial training session. Conclusion: After receiving NRP training, neonatal resuscitation knowledge and skills increased among midwives in a hospital in West Africa and were sustained over a 9-month period. This finding demonstrates the sustained effectiveness of a modified neonatal resuscitation training program in a resource constrained setting. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	GHANA,"Hospital-based educational program","international outreach","neonatal resuscitation program",COURSES,MORTALITY,"PEDIATRIC RESIDENTS","PERINATAL ASPHYXIA"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649428165	Exploring the impacts of field interactions on an integrated assessment of terraced crop systems in the Peruvian Andes	Claessens L., Stoorvogel J., Antle J.	2010	Journal of Land Use Science	5	4	10.1080/1747423X.2010.500687	CIP, Nairobi, Kenya; Land Dynamics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States	Claessens, L., CIP, Nairobi, Kenya; Stoorvogel, J., Land Dynamics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Antle, J., Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States	This study explores a modelling approach to investigate the interactions between terracing, water availability, and land use decisions and farmers' incomes in a study area in the Peruvian Andes. We tested the hypothesis that these interactions affect the simulated spatial distribution of impacts because of technology changes as well as aggregate impacts. To do this a model simulating water redistribution at the catchment scale is linked to a site-specific model of land use and management, using the trade-off analysis modelling system. The results indicate that the interactions do not affect the aggregate impacts but they do result in different spatial patterns of land use and farm income in the study area. The simulated effects of terraces on productivity are affected by the spatial patterns of terracing. These findings suggest that, although field-level interactions may average out in aggregate analysis, the effects they have on the spatial pattern of land use allocation and income may be relevant for analysis of environmental impact and equity studies in which the spatial distribution of effects is important. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.	Agriculture; Catchment hydrology; Integrated assessment; Peru; Trade-offs; Water availability	agricultural management; catchment; crop improvement; environmental impact; integrated approach; land use; simulation; spatial distribution; technological change; trade-off; water availability; Peru	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745580840	Impact of Bt cotton adoption on pesticide use by smallholders: A 2-year survey in Makhatini Flats (South Africa)	Hofs J.-L., Fok M., Vaissayre M.	2006	Crop Protection	25	9	10.1016/j.cropro.2006.01.006	CIRAD, Cotton Systems Research Unit, Pretoria, South Africa; CIRAD, Cotton Systems Research Unit, Montpellier, France	Hofs, J.-L., CIRAD, Cotton Systems Research Unit, Pretoria, South Africa; Fok, M., CIRAD, Cotton Systems Research Unit, Montpellier, France; Vaissayre, M., CIRAD, Cotton Systems Research Unit, Montpellier, France	This paper explores insecticide use in fields cropped with conventional or Bt cotton varieties in a smallholder farming area (Makhathini Flats, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa). The study was carried out during the 2002-2003 and 2003-2004 growing seasons as part of a broader survey based on daily monitoring of a sample of smallholdings. The adoption of Bt cotton led to a decrease in pyrethroid use, but the level of insect resistance of this cultivar was not sufficient to completely drop this pesticide from the spraying programme. On the other hand, organophosphates were still being applied in substantial amounts, thus raising questions as to the impact of Bt cotton adoption on farmers' health. The overall economic results obtained with Bt cotton were slightly positive despite the low cotton yields obtained in the Flats during our survey. Bt cotton adoption did lead to labour savings, but the extent of this gain was not as high as expected. In conclusion, cropping Bt cotton in Makhathini Flats did not generate sufficient income to expect a tangible and sustainable socioeconomic improvement due to the way the crop is currently managed. Adoption of an innovation like Bt cotton seems to pay only in an agro-system with a sufficient level of intensification. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Bt cotton; Cost-effectiveness; Insecticide use; Integrated crop management; Safety; Small-scale farming; South Africa	cotton; growing season; innovation; insecticide; organophosphate; smallholder; socioeconomic conditions; yield response; Africa; KwaZulu-Natal; Makhathini Flats; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Gossypium hirsutum; Insecta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67651111694	Economic impact of climate change on crop production in ethiopia: Evidence from cross-section measures	Deressa T.T., Hassan R.M.	2009	Journal of African Economies	18	4	10.1093/jae/ejp002	Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Centre for Environmental Economics and Policy in Africa (CEEPA), University of Pretoria, Agric. Annexe, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Deressa, T.T., Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Centre for Environmental Economics and Policy in Africa (CEEPA), University of Pretoria, Agric. Annexe, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Hassan, R.M., Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Centre for Environmental Economics and Policy in Africa (CEEPA), University of Pretoria, Agric. Annexe, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	This study used the Ricardian approach that captures farmer adaptations to varying environmental factors to analyze the impact of climate change on crop farming in Ethiopia. By collecting data from farm households in different agro-ecological zones of the county, net crop revenue per hectare was regressed on climate, household and soil variables. The results show that these variables have a significant impact on the net crop revenue per hectare of farmers under Ethiopian conditions. The seasonal marginal impact analysis indicates that marginally increasing temperature during summer and winter would significantly reduce crop net revenue per hectare whereas marginally increasing precipitation during spring would significantly increase net crop revenue per hectare. Moreover, the net crop revenue impact of predicted climate scenarios from three models (CGM2, HaDCM3 and PCM) for the years 2050 and 2100 indicated that there would be a reduction in crop net revenue per hectare by the years 2050 and 2100. Moreover, the reduction in net revenue per hectare by the year 2100 would be more than the reduction by the year 2050 indicating the damage that climate change would pose increases with time unless this negative impact is abated through adaptation. Additionally, results indicate that the net revenue impact of climate change is not uniformly distributed across the different agro-ecological zones of Ethiopia. © The author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Centre for the Study of African Economies. All rights reserved.	None	agroecology; climate change; crop damage; crop production; crop yield; cross section; economic impact; environmental factor; nature-society relations; precipitation (climatology); spring (season); temperature anomaly; temperature effect; Africa; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-29244448282	Impact of genetically modified cotton plants on insect biodiversity: The case of Bt cotton in South Africa [Impact des cotonniers génétiquement modifiés sur la biodiversité de la faune entomologique: Le cas du coton Bt en Afrique du Sud]	Hofs J.-L., Schoeman A., Mellet M., Vaissayre M.	2005	International Journal of Tropical Insect Science	25	2	10.1079/IJT200562	CIRAD, Département des Cultures Annuelles, Programme Coton, Montpellier, France; Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Hofs, J.-L., CIRAD, Département des Cultures Annuelles, Programme Coton, Montpellier, France; Schoeman, A., Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Mellet, M., Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Vaissayre, M., CIRAD, Département des Cultures Annuelles, Programme Coton, Montpellier, France	For the last three years, CIRAD (Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, France) and the University of Pretoria led field research to evaluate the impact of transgenic Bt cotton, expressing the Cry1Ac toxin, on arthropod biodiversity in South Africa. The diversity and the density of insect populations were estimated at different crop development stages using traps, sweep-nets, and direct observations on the cotton plants. In untreated plots, the insect diversity in Bt cotton did not show major changes. The toxin was efficient in controlling one of the major bollworm species, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), and reduced the population density of specific larval parasitoids. Predators were present in comparable numbers in both cotton types, except for ladybirds. The toxin did not affect pollinators. In small-scale farming fields, where pesticides are still sprayed for controlling sucking insects, the introduction of Bt cotton did not help meet the expected reduction in insecticide use. © ICIPE 2005.	Bt cotton; Coccinellids; Cry1Ac toxin; Helicoverpa armigera; Impact study; Natural enemies; Pollinators; South Africa	Arthropoda; Coccinellidae; Gossypium hirsutum; Helicoverpa armigera; Helicoverpa zea; Hexapoda; Insecta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903174071	Early impact of oil palm planting density on vegetative and oil yield variables in West Africa	Bonneau X., Vandessel P., Buabeng M., Erhahuyi C.	2014	OCL - Oilseeds and fats	21	4	10.1051/ocl/2014009	CIRAD, TA B-34, 02 Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; SIAT, Presco-plc, km 22 Benin-Sapele road, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria	Bonneau, X., CIRAD, TA B-34, 02 Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Vandessel, P., SIAT, Presco-plc, km 22 Benin-Sapele road, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Buabeng, M., SIAT, Presco-plc, km 22 Benin-Sapele road, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Erhahuyi, C., SIAT, Presco-plc, km 22 Benin-Sapele road, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria	A range of various different planting distances (from 7.5 to 9.5 m) between oil palms were tested using an equilateral triangle design in a plantation density experiment which was settled in an oil palm commercial plantation in Nigeria. Climatic conditions were quite stable, with two seasons and around 2000 mm of annual rainfall. The soil was of desaturated ferralitic type, sandy on the surface, deep and without coarse elements. The early impact of plantation density was analysed at eight years after planting. Some early signs of depressive effect on yields were found for high planting densities (180 and 205 p/ha). Such a negative impact was not severe enough to counteract the effects of a higher number of palms per hectare. As a consequence, a gradient could be observed as yields (in tons of bunches per hectare) increased with density. We can anticipate that the competition effect between palms will increase over time with high densities, so that the counteracting point ought to be reached in a few years. A thinning treatment has been included in the protocol. Thinning was carried out at the end of the eight-year period. © 2014 published by EDP Sciences.	Oil palm; Planting density; Spacing; Thinning; Yield	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873523097	Global analysis of Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner (Rubiaceae) from the Guineo-Congolese region reveals impacts from climatic refuges and migration effects	Cubry P., de Bellis F., Pot D., Musoli P., Leroy T.	2013	Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution	60	2	10.1007/s10722-012-9851-5	CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398, Montpellier, France; NARO, Coffee Research Centre, P.O. Box 185, Mukono, Uganda	Cubry, P., CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398, Montpellier, France; de Bellis, F., CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398, Montpellier, France; Pot, D., CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398, Montpellier, France; Musoli, P., NARO, Coffee Research Centre, P.O. Box 185, Mukono, Uganda; Leroy, T., CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398, Montpellier, France	As the second species used for commercial coffee, evaluation of Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner population genetics is a challenging task for coffee breeding. This study examined the pattern of genetic variability and genetic relationships of cultivated and wild populations of C. canephora sampled across the Guineo-Congolese region of Africa and some improved populations maintained in field genebanks. A total of 293 individuals, sampled from 17 populations, were genotyped with 39 nuclear microsatellite markers. Genetic diversity and structure were investigated with both a model-based and a graphical approach; isolation by distance was also tested. Relationships between the diversity clusters are discussed with regard to differentiation due to several glacial refuges during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). High genetic diversity within C. canephora is confirmed with a mean number of alleles of 11.85 per marker, a mean gene diversity of 0.72 and a mean observed heterozygosity of 0.36. An overall structure of two main groups (Guinean and Congolese) subdivided in six subgroups (2 for the Guinean and 4 for the Congolese) was found, including one described for the first time in the Guinean group. A fine structure within the Guinean group was also newly detected. Genetic structure of C. canephora appears to be consistent with its geographic repartition at the continent scale. Structure of diversity was found in accordance with localizations of refuge zones during LGM and migration from this period. Results from this genetic structure study raise our capabilities to better manage and use the collections of genetics resources for breeding purposes. Those results will be used in future association studies to optimize the number of genotypes to be phenotyped. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Coffea canephora; Genetic diversity; Guineo-Congolese region; Population structure; Refuge zone	breeding; climate variation; genetic isolation; genetic structure; genetic variation; genotype; Last Glacial Maximum; numerical model; phenotype; sampling; species diversity; Coffea canephora; Rubiaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959751367	Irrigation in West-African Sahel. Diversity of practices and levels of performance [L'agriculture irriguée dans le Sahel ouest-africain :Diversité des pratiques et des performances]	Barbier B., Ouedraogo H., Dembélé Y., Yacouba H., Barry B., Jamin J.-Y.	2011	Cahiers Agricultures	20	42371	10.1684/agr.2011.0475	Cirad, UMR G-Eau, 01 BP 596 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso; Cirad, UMR G-Eau, 73, rue Jean-François Breton TA C-90/15, 34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France; GVEA, 01 BP 594 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso; Arid s/c 2iE, 01 BP 594 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso; Inera, 04 BP 8645 Ouagadougou 04, Burkina Faso; IWMI, PMB CT 112, Cantonments, Accra, Ghana	Barbier, B., Cirad, UMR G-Eau, 01 BP 596 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso, Cirad, UMR G-Eau, 73, rue Jean-François Breton TA C-90/15, 34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France, GVEA, 01 BP 594 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso; Ouedraogo, H., Arid s/c 2iE, 01 BP 594 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso; Dembélé, Y., Inera, 04 BP 8645 Ouagadougou 04, Burkina Faso; Yacouba, H., GVEA, 01 BP 594 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso; Barry, B., IWMI, PMB CT 112, Cantonments, Accra, Ghana; Jamin, J.-Y., Cirad, UMR G-Eau, 73, rue Jean-François Breton TA C-90/15, 34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France	Irrigation in SahelianWest African countries covers a wide variety of systems and practices. In this paper, we discuss various technical and managerial options including free or controlled submersion, improved inland valleys, flood recession cropping, and full control in small and large irrigation schemes through a classification developed by national experts in five Sahelian countries. Governments are currently promoting two strategies. One is based on large schemes, with foreign or national private investment. The other is based on small private irrigation approches.Water constraints are not very strongly taken into account, as the priority is to develop new schemes in order to reach food security for fast growing cities.	Irrigation methods; Sahel; Water management	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052523434	Effects of cocoa tree phenology and canopy microclimate on the performance of the mirid bug Sahlbergella singularis	Babin R., Anikwe J.C., Dibog L., Lumaret J.-P.	2011	Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata	141	1	10.1111/j.1570-7458.2011.01164.x	CIRAD, UPR Bioagresseurs Analyse et Maîtrise du Risque, F-34398 Montpellier, France; Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5244, Ibadan, Nigeria; IRAD, BP 2067, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Arthropod Team, UMR 5175 CEFE, University of Montpellier III, Montpellie	Babin, R., CIRAD, UPR Bioagresseurs Analyse et Maîtrise du Risque, F-34398 Montpellier, France; Anikwe, J.C., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5244, Ibadan, Nigeria; Dibog, L., IRAD, BP 2067, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Lumaret, J.-P., Arthropod Team, UMR 5175 CEFE, University of Montpellier III, Montpellier, France	Populations of the cocoa mirid, Sahlbergella singularis Haglund (Hemiptera: Miridae), on cocoa, Theobroma cacao L. (Malvaceae), display sharp seasonal fluctuations in population size. To better understand factors and mechanisms involved in seasonal variation, we studied the life history traits of 10 successive generations of a caged population under field conditions. Nymphal survival and development were assessed on pods stored under cocoa canopy, whereas female survival and fecundity were evaluated on sleeved pods in cocoa trees. At the same time, cocoa phenology and cocoa canopy microclimate were characterized. A life table analysis was conducted with survival and fecundity temporal data. Reproductive parameters showed far more variation than nymphal development parameters, both within and among generations. We obtained low intrinsic rates of natural increase (about 0.04), the variation of which was mainly linked to the decrease in fecundity. Fecundity as well as life table parameters varied in accordance with natural population fluctuations, suggesting that S. singularis seasonal variation might be mainly linked to variation in female fecundity. A multiple regression analysis showed that variation in female fecundity was first correlated with the presence of young fruits on cocoa trees. Fecundity was also weakly affected by daily minimum r.h. and daily mean temperature. The usefulness of our results for modeling of S. singularis population dynamics and for the improvement of IPM strategies is discussed. © 2011 The Authors. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata © 2011 The Netherlands Entomological Society.	Demographic parameters; Demographic processes; Fecundity; Hemiptera; IPM strategy; Life history traits; Life tables; Miridae; Nymphal development; Seasonal variation; Survival; Theobroma cacao	biological development; cocoa; crop pest; developmental stage; fecundity; insect; integrated pest management; life history trait; life table; microclimate; multiple regression; phenology; population dynamics; population modeling; population size; reproductive status; seasonal variation; survival; Hemiptera; Malvaceae; Miridae; Sahlbergella singularis; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44049097413	Ergonomic evaluation and energy requirements of bread-baking operations in south western Nigeria	Jekayinfa S.O.	2008	Nutrition and Food Science	38	3	10.1108/00346650810871920	Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria	Jekayinfa, S.O., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria	Purpose - In Nigeria, local fabricators of agro-processing equipment have designed and manufactured various improvised versions of imported bread-baking machines without due ergonomic considerations. Also, most of the processes of bread baking in Nigeria largely involve manual materials handling, which continues to represent a major loss source in the work place. The manual operations besides being uncomfortable are characterized by low output and unhygienic products. A study was therefore conducted in three southwestern states of Nigeria with the purpose of evaluating the energy requirements and man-machine relationships in bread-baking operations. Design/methodology/approach - The study, which lasted over one year, involved the use of three fuel sources namely, firewood, electricity and cooking gas during bread baking operations. Questionnaire and physical measurements were employed for data collection from 50 bakeries randomly selected within the study area. The data points include the environmental and body temperatures, anthropometrical data, bio data, injury data, metabolic and production measurements. Findings - The results of the study revealed that bread-baking with wood as energy source required the highest energy (6.15 kJ/min) compared with 3.37 kJ/min and 1.52 kJ/min obtained with gas and electricity as sources of energy, respectively. The cost of energy per kg of baked bread was 7.58 with cooking gas followed by 6.05 for electricity and 5.05 for wood in that order. The average baking rate (BR) using firewood, gas and electricity as energy sources were, respectively, 11.92, 17.97 and 20.58 kg/h. Analysis of metabolic data showed moderate (not to a lethal level) increase in the subjects' body temperatures, blood pressures and heart rates after bread-baking operations. Originality/value - The study suggests that bread-baking operations could be categorized as a light grade work and that the use of electricity as energy source is the most appropriate in terms of bread-BR and unit energy requirement.	Bakery products; Energy sources; Ergonomics; Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896361933	Evaluation of acaricide-treated string curtains for control of two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) on greenhouse roses and impact of the string curtain on the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acari	Deletre E.M., Bonafos R., Martin T.	2014	Crop Protection	60	None	10.1016/j.cropro.2014.02.005	Cirad, UPR Hortsys, Montferrier, 34980 Montpellier, France; SupAgro, USAE, 34000 Montpellier, France; Icipe, African Insect Science for Food and Health, Plant Health Division, PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Deletre, E.M., Cirad, UPR Hortsys, Montferrier, 34980 Montpellier, France; Bonafos, R., SupAgro, USAE, 34000 Montpellier, France; Martin, T., Cirad, UPR Hortsys, Montferrier, 34980 Montpellier, France, Icipe, African Insect Science for Food and Health, Plant Health Division, PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Foliar sprays of pesticides are frequently used to control two-spotted mites on rose flowers, but these also destroy predatory mites and pose a high risk of contamination for humans and the environment. Using a novel approach to avoid spray applications on rose plants, modified acaricide-treated string curtains were adapted to control the pest. Two main aims of this study were: (i) to identify the lethal concentration of string curtains treated with propargite, dicofol, flufenoxuron, acrinathrin or tau-fluvalinate (τ-fluvalinate) on Tetranychus urticae, and (ii) to test the design (feasibility) and efficiency of the string curtains to trap the phytophagous mites on the plants during their circadian migration. Bioassay results in the lab confirmed T.urticae circadian migration, toxicity of the five kinds of treated string curtains and a concentration-dependent repellent effect of each chemical on T.urticae females. Of the two products tested in the field, dicofol was more effective than acrinathrin in controlling T.urticae compared to an acaricidal spray of the same products. The effect of acaricide-treated string curtain use on Phytoseiulus persimilis did not differ significantly from the control. The string curtain technique proved to be effective, but because of some biotic and abiotic constraints and the low economic threshold of mites, even for the commercialized high canopy stem roses, the present device could be more appropriate for another horticultural crop, e.g. tomato. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Impregnated material; Phytoseiulus persimilis; Repellency; Roses; Tetranychus urticae; Toxicity	acaricide; bioassay; canopy; design; horticulture; migration; mite; pest control; pesticide; pollution effect; predator; risk factor; shrub; threshold; toxicity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929598046	Imazalil resistance in Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum causing citrus postharvest green and blue mould: Impact and options	Erasmus A., Lennox C.L., Korsten L., Lesar K., Fourie P.H.	2015	Postharvest Biology and Technology	107	None	10.1016/j.postharvbio.2015.05.008	Citrus Research International, 2 Baker Street, Nelspruit, South Africa; Department of Plant Pathology, University Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Erasmus, A., Citrus Research International, 2 Baker Street, Nelspruit, South Africa; Lennox, C.L., Department of Plant Pathology, University Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Korsten, L., Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Lesar, K., Citrus Research International, 2 Baker Street, Nelspruit, South Africa; Fourie, P.H., Citrus Research International, 2 Baker Street, Nelspruit, South Africa, Department of Plant Pathology, University Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Citrus green and blue mould, caused by Penicillium digitatum (PD) and Penicillium italicum (PI), respectively, are mostly controlled by means of postharvest fungicide applications. Currently, IMZ is regarded as the most effective fungicide in use. Effective IMZ concentrations that inhibit 50% (EC<inf>50</inf>) growth of nine PD and five PI isolates were assessed in vitro and the various isolates categorized according to their resistance (R) factors. Effective residue levels that provided 50% curative (ER<inf>50</inf>C) and protective (ER<inf>50</inf>P) control of these isolates were determined in vivo. All the PI isolates were sensitive, having EC<inf>50</inf> values of 0.005-0.050μgmL-1. Three PD isolates were sensitive (0.027-0.038μgmL-1), while one resistant isolate was categorized as low resistant (R-factor of 19), one as moderately resistant (R-factor of 33.2), three as resistant (R-factor of 50-57.6) and one as highly resistant (R-factor of 70.7). Sensitive PD isolates had mean ER<inf>50</inf>C and ER<inf>50</inf>P values on Valencia orange fruit of 0.29 and 0.20μgg-1, and 0.33 and 0.32μgg-1 on navel fruit, respectively. ER<inf>50</inf> values for resistant isolates did not always correlate with EC<inf>50</inf> values and ranged from 1.22 to 4.56μgg-1 for ER<inf>50</inf>C and 1.00-6.62μgg-1 for ER<inf>50</inf>P values. ER<inf>50</inf>P values for resistant isolates could not be obtained on navel orange fruit, but ER<inf>50</inf>C values (1.42-1.65μgg-1) were similar to those obtained on Valencia fruit. The PI isolates all behaved similar to the sensitive PD isolates with ER<inf>50</inf>C and ER<inf>50</inf>P values on navel and Valencia fruit <0.38μgg-1. Alternative fungicides were assessed for the control of an IMZ sensitive, resistant and highly resistant PD isolate; these included sodium ortho-phenylpenate (SOPP), thiabendazole (TBZ), guazatine (GZT), imazalil (IMZ), pyrimethanil (PYR) and Philabuster® (PLB; a combination of IMZ and PYR), fludioxonil (FLU), azoxystrobin (AZO), Graduate®A+ (GRA; a combination of FLU and AZO) and propiconazole (PPZ). Multiple fungicide resistance was shown to IMZ, GZT, TBZ and PPZ in both resistant isolates. For the sensitive isolates, IMZ, SOPP, TBZ, GZT and PLB provided best curative control, while IMZ, GZT and PLB provided best protective control. For the IMZ-resistant isolates, SOPP, PYR and PLB gave the best curative control, while none of the fungicides provided adequate protective control. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Azoxystrobin; Fludioxonil; Fungicide; Guazatine; Propiconazole; Pyrimethanil; Residue; Thiabendazole	Citrus; Citrus sinensis; Penicillium digitatum; Penicillium italicum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38549122916	The internal contradictions of global civil society - What impact on global democracy?	Fioramonti L.	2007	Development Dialogue	None	49	None	CIVICUS: World Alliance for Citizen Participation, Johannesburg, South Africa	Fioramonti, L., CIVICUS: World Alliance for Citizen Participation, Johannesburg, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	civil society; democracy; globalization; social movement	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930016287	Depth and performance evaluation of a laboratory scale sand filtration system for wastewater treatment	Sodamade G., Longe E., Sangodoyin A.	2014	Turkish Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences	38	2	10.3906/muh-1405-9	Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Sodamade, G., Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Longe, E., Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Sangodoyin, A., Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Intermittent sand filtration (ISF) was adopted in the treatment of synthetic wastewater having septic tank effluent’s properties in the laboratory. Over a period of 84 days synthetic wastewater was intermittently dosed onto two sand filters of 50 cm and 100 cm depths at an interval of 4 h. The filter material has an effective size d<inf>10</inf> of 0.42 mm, d<inf>60</inf> of 0.92 mm, coefficient of uniformity, Cu, of 2.2, and hydraulic conductivity of 4.632 × 10-3 ms-1 with an effective pore diameter of 0.094 mm. The hydraulic loading was 0.144 m/day and the BOD<inf>5</inf> of the wastewater was 172.3 mg/L. The removal of suspended solids, ammonium-nitrogen (NH<inf>4</inf> -N), and BOD<inf>5</inf> in 100- and 50-cm columns was 91.4% and 88.6%, 98.7% and 99.8%, and 92% and 90%, respectively, while PO<inf>4</inf> -P removal was about 45% in both columns. Unlike other parameters, NO<inf>3</inf> -N was increasing, which signifies that denitrification did not take place in the filter columns. Based on the results, the filter column of 50 cm is economically preferable due to the insignificant difference when compared with the 100-cm filter column. The bacteria removal was slightly higher in 100 cm depth (99.88%) than in 50 cm depth (99.68%). © TÜBİTAK.	Depth variation; Intermittent filtration; Synthetic wastewater	Effluent treatment; Effluents; Filtration; Nitrogen removal; Ammonium nitrogen; Coefficient of uniformity; Depth variation; Hydraulic loading; Intermittent filtrations; Intermittent sand filtration; Septic tank effluent; Synthetic waste water; Wastewater treatment; ammonium; denitrification; filtration; hydraulic conductivity; laboratory method; performance assessment; wastewater; water treatment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921469715	Urban transport safety assessment in Akure based on corresponding performance indicators	Oye A., Aderinlewo O., Croope S.	2013	Central European Journal of Engineering	3	1	10.2478/s13531-012-0043-z	Civil Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Delaware Department of Transportation, Delaware, United States	Oye, A., Civil Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Aderinlewo, O., Civil Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Croope, S., Delaware Department of Transportation, Delaware, United States	The level of safety of the transportation system in Akure, Nigeria was assessed by identifying the associated road safety problems and developing the corresponding safety performance indicators. These indicators were analysed with respect to accidents that occurred within the city from the year 2005 to 2009 based on the corresponding attributable risk measures. The results of the analysis showed the state of existing safety programs in Akure town. Six safety performance indicators were identified namely alcohol and drug use, excessive speeds, protection system (use of seat belts and helmets), use of day time running lights, state of vehicles (passive safety) and road condition. These indicators were used to determine the percentage of injury accidents as follows: 83.33% and 86.36% for years 2005 and 2006 respectively, 81.46% for year 2007 while years 2008 and 2009 had 82.86% and 78.12% injury accidents respectively. © Versita sp. z o.o.	Attributable risk; Injury accidents; Protection system; Safety performance indicators; Vulnerability	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33947099591	Foamed bitumen mixes = Shear performance?	Jenkins K.J., Long F.M., Ebels L.J.	2007	International Journal of Pavement Engineering	8	2	10.1080/10298430601149718	Civil Engineering Department, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Modelling and Analysis Systems, CSIR, South Africa, P.O. Box 882, Cullinan 1000, South Africa	Jenkins, K.J., Civil Engineering Department, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Long, F.M., Modelling and Analysis Systems, CSIR, South Africa, P.O. Box 882, Cullinan 1000, South Africa; Ebels, L.J., Civil Engineering Department, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Road rehabilitation technology is currently under the global spotlight. Considering that cold bituminous binders, e.g. emulsion and foamed bitumen, have become more commonly used in cold recycling operations, there is a need to understand the performance properties of these materials. Great strides have been made in the modelling of foamed bitumen treated materials in recent years. Performance functions that may be used in the design of pavements incorporating these materials become increasingly important. The challenge of modelling the behaviour of these mixtures is complicated by the variety of foamed mixtures that are produced and the range of mix variables that prevail. Binder content (BC), active filler content, parent rock type, aggregate gradation, plasticity, moisture content, etc. can vary significantly from mix to mix. A unified approach to designing with these materials that accounts for all of these variables is exceptionally challenging. This publication investigates the shear and dynamic properties of foamed bitumen stabilised mixes and their role in the performance modelling of these materials. Latest research findings are synthesized with the relevant aspects of the mix evaluation and classification procedures. Correlation of different testing protocols and mix compositions is made with a view to providing synergy to the research results and direction to their application in mix design and pavement design.	Cold mix; Foamed bitumen; Permanent deformation; Resilient modulus; Shear properties; Triaxial testing	Bituminous materials; Correlation methods; Emulsions; Pavements; Shear strength; Structural design; Foamed bitumen; Permanent deformation; Resilient modulus; Shear properties; Road construction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84890152411	Damage evaluation in gap tubular truss 'K' bridge joints using SFEM	Jiki P.N., Agber J.U.	2014	Journal of Constructional Steel Research	93	None	10.1016/j.jcsr.2013.10.010	Civil Engineering Department, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Electrical Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria	Jiki, P.N., Civil Engineering Department, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Agber, J.U., Electrical Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria	A damage stiffness parameter a of the shell element is calculated analytically using the fracture mechanics concept. A smooth quad T4 element was modified using the calculated parameter α. The modified element was introduced at the junction between the chord/brace connection where welding defect had taken place, while the unmodified same element was used elsewhere on the joint. Thereafter, a finite element analysis was carried out using thin shell theory and the smooth element formulation to investigate the effect of brace spacing on the distribution of stress concentrations in the welded tubular 'K' joint. This was done in order to investigate the level of stress concentrations and damage in the welded connection in the tubular joint. The joint was first modelled with no gap between the braces and a finite element computer run was made. Thereafter, the joint was modelled with brace gaps from 10 mm to 70 mm and finite element computer runs were made. The results obtained were then compared with those published in the literature. It was found that the presence of variable gaps between braces of the joint together with pre-crack affects the strength of tubular 'K' joints appreciably. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Computer simulation; Effect of bracing; Smoothed finite element; Stress concentration; Stress distribution; Structural joints; Tubular truss bridges	Effect of bracing; Element formulation; Smoothed finite elements; Stiffness parameters; Structural joints; Thin shell theory; Tubular truss; Welded connections; Computer simulation; Fracture mechanics; Trusses; Welding; Stress concentration	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901690560	Characterisation of raw sewage and performance assessment of primary settling tanks at Firle Sewage Treatment Works, Harare, Zimbabwe	Muserere S.T., Hoko Z., Nhapi I.	2014	Physics and Chemistry of the Earth	None	None	10.1016/j.pce.2013.10.004	Civil Engineering Department, University of Zimbabwe, MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Harare Water Department, City of Harare, Old Mutual House Corner, Sam Nujoma and Speke Avenue, Harare, Zimbabwe	Muserere, S.T., Civil Engineering Department, University of Zimbabwe, MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe, Harare Water Department, City of Harare, Old Mutual House Corner, Sam Nujoma and Speke Avenue, Harare, Zimbabwe; Hoko, Z., Civil Engineering Department, University of Zimbabwe, MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Nhapi, I., Civil Engineering Department, University of Zimbabwe, MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	The need for more stringent effluent discharge standards as prescribed by the Environmental Management Act 20:27 to protect the environment can be sustainably achieved with the aid of Activated Sludge Models. Thus, the researchers believe it is time to re-evaluate wastewater characteristics at Firle Sewage Treatment Works (STW) and make use of activated sludge simulators to address pollution challenges caused by the sewage plant. Therefore, this paper characterizes raw sewage and assesses settled and unsettled sewage in order to evaluate the performance of the primary treatment system and the suitability of the settled sewage for treatment by the subsequent Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) system at Firle STW. Parameters studied included COD, BOD, TKN, TP, NH3, TSS, pH and Alkalinity. Composite samples were collected over a 9-day campaign period (27 June to 6 July 2012), hourly grab samples over 24hrs and composite samples on 6 March 2012 which were then analysed in the lab in accordance with Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater to support the City of Harare 2004-2012 lab historical records. Concentrations for unsettled sewage in mg/L were COD (527±32), BOD (297±83) TKN (19.0±2.0), TP (18±3), NH3 (24.0±12.9), TSS (219±57), while pH was 7.0±0 and Alkalinity 266±36mg/L. For settled sewage the corresponding values in mg/L were COD (522±15), BOD (324±102), TKN (21.0±3.0), TP (19.0±2.0), NH3 (25.6±11.2), TSS (250±66), while pH was 7.0±0 and Alkalinity 271±17mg/L. The plant design values for raw sewage are COD (650mg/L), BOD (200mg/L), TKN (40mg/L) and TP (11mg/L). Thus, COD and nitrogen were within the plant design range while BOD and TP were higher. Treatability of sewage in BNR systems is often inferred from the levels of critical parameters and also the ratios of TKN/COD and COD/TP. The wastewater average settled COD/BOD, COD/TP and TKN/COD ratio were 1.7±0.5, 27.1±3.1 and 0.04±0.01 respectively and corresponding unsettled ratios were 1.8±0.5, 30.77±6.8 and 0.04±0 respectively. Thus, treatability by the 3-stage BNR system appears highly feasible for nitrogen and is likely to be complex for phosphorous. Fractionation of COD, TP and TN is recommended to appropriately advise further steps to optimise the plant operations. © 2013 The Authors.	Biological Nutrient Removal; Characterise; Firle Sewage Treatment Works; Settled sewage; Treatability of sewage	Activated sludge process; Alkalinity; Effluents; Environmental management; Nitrogen; Nutrients; pH; Activated sludge model; Biological nutrient removal; Characterise; Effluent discharge; Performance assessment; Sewage treatment works; Wastewater characteristics; Water and wastewater; Biological sewage treatment; activated sludge; biochemical oxygen demand; chemical oxygen demand; performance assessment; sewage; sewage treatment; Harare [Zimbabwe]; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749070374	Assessment of the impacts of pit latrines on groundwater quality in rural areas: A case study from Marondera district, Zimbabwe	Dzwairo B., Hoko Z., Love D., Guzha E.	2006	Physics and Chemistry of the Earth	31	None	10.1016/j.pce.2006.08.031	Civil Engineering Department, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Geology Department, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; WaterNet, P.O. Box MP600, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mvuramanzi Trust, P.O. Box MR103, Marlborough, Harare, Zimbabwe	Dzwairo, B., Civil Engineering Department, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Hoko, Z., Civil Engineering Department, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Love, D., Geology Department, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe, WaterNet, P.O. Box MP600, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Guzha, E., Mvuramanzi Trust, P.O. Box MR103, Marlborough, Harare, Zimbabwe	In resource-poor and low-population-density areas, on-site sanitation is preferred to off-site sanitation and groundwater is the main source of water for domestic uses. Groundwater pollution potential from on-site sanitation in such areas conflicts with Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) principles that advocate for sustainable use of water resources. Given the widespread use of groundwater for domestic purposes in rural areas, maintaining groundwater quality is a critical livelihood intervention. This study assessed impacts of pit latrines on groundwater quality in Kamangira village, Marondera district, Zimbabwe. Groundwater samples from 14 monitoring boreholes and 3 shallow wells were analysed during 6 sampling campaigns, from February 2005 to May 2005. Parameters analysed were total and faecal coliforms, NH4+ s(-) N, NO3- s(-) N, conductivity, turbidity and pH, both for boreholes and shallow wells. Total and faecal coliforms both ranged 0-TNTC (too-numerous-to-count), 78% of results meeting the 0 CFU/100 ml WHO guidelines value. NH4+ s(-) N range was 0-2.0 mg/l, with 99% of results falling below the 1.5 mg/l WHO recommended value. NO3- s(-) N range was 0.0-6.7 mg/l, within 10 mg/l WHO guidelines value. The range for conductivity values was 46-370 μS/cm while the pH range was 6.8-7.9. There are no WHO guideline values for these two parameters. Turbidity ranged from 1 NTU to 45 NTU, 59% of results meeting the 5 NTU WHO guidelines limit. Depth from the ground surface to the water table for the period February 2005 to May 2005 was determined for all sampling points using a tape measure. The drop in water table averaged from 1.1 m to 1.9 m and these values were obtained by subtracting water table elevations from absolute ground surface elevation. Soil from the monitoring boreholes was classified as sandy. The soil infiltration layer was taken as the layer between the pit latrine bottom and the water table. It averaged from 1.3 m to 1.7 m above the water table for two latrines and 2-3.2 m below it for one pit latrine. A questionnaire survey revealed the prevalence of diarrhoea and structural failure of latrines. Results indicated that pit latrines were microbiologically impacting on groundwater quality up to 25 m lateral distance. Nitrogen values were of no immediate threat to health. The shallow water table increased pollution potential from pit latrines. Raised and lined pit latrines and other low-cost technologies should be considered to minimize potential of groundwater pollution. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Groundwater pollution; Groundwater quality; Infiltration layer; On-site sanitation; Pit latrines; Sandy soil	Coliform bacteria; pH effects; Sand; Sanitation; Soils; Water analysis; Water quality; Water wells; Groundwater quality; Infiltration layer; Pit latrines; Sandy soil; Groundwater pollution; groundwater pollution; health impact; pollution monitoring; sanitation; water management; water planning; water quality; Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69149088963	Evaluation of causes of retaining wall failure	Abdullahi M.M.	2009	Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies	7	14	None	Civil Engineering, F.U.T., P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	Abdullahi, M.M., Civil Engineering, F.U.T., P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	Retaining structures are vital geotechnical structure, because the topography of the earth surface is a combination of plain, sloppy and undulating terrain. The retaining wall resists thrust of a bank of earth as well as providing soil stability of a change of ground elevation. Earth pressures on retaining wall are designed from theories of Soil Mechanics, but unfortunately the engineers using them do not always realize the significance of the assumption in their development. This is usually accompanied by with failure and partial failures because of designed based on rules and formulae that fit only limited conditions. In addition there are also problems of using bad backfill materials without taking precautionary measures against built-up of hydrostatic pressure by provision of drainage and also poor workmanship.	Backfill; Earth pressure; Hydrostatic pressure; Retaining wall	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884137465	Performance assessment of ga district mutual health insurance scheme, greater accra region, Ghana	Nsiah-Boateng E., Aikins M.	2013	Value in Health Regional Issues	2	2	10.1016/j.vhri.2013.06.005	Claims Department, National Health Insurance Scheme, Ashiedu Keteke Submetro Office, Accra, Ghana; Health Policy, Planning and Management Department, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana	Nsiah-Boateng, E., Claims Department, National Health Insurance Scheme, Ashiedu Keteke Submetro Office, Accra, Ghana; Aikins, M., Health Policy, Planning and Management Department, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana	Objective: This study assessed performance of the Ga District Mutual Health Insurance Scheme over the period 2007-2009. Methods: The desk review method was used to collect secondary data on membership coverage, revenue, expenditure, and claims settlement patterns of the scheme. A household survey was also conducted in the Madina Township by using a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire to determine community coverage of the scheme. Results: The study showed membership coverage of 21.8% and community coverage of 22.2%. The main reasons why respondents had not registered with the scheme are that contributions are high and it does not offer the services needed. Financially, the scheme depended largely on subsidies and reinsurance from the National Health Insurance Authority for 89.8% of its revenue. Approximately 92% of the total revenue was spent on medical claims, and 99% of provider claims were settled beyond the stipulated 4-week period. Conclusions: There is an increasing trend in medical claims expenditure and lengthy delay in claims settlements, with most of them being paid beyond the mandatory 4-week period. Introduction of cost-containment measures including co-payment and capitation payment mechanism would be necessary to reduce the escalating cost of medical claims. Adherence to the 4-week stipulated period for payment of medical claims would be important to ensure that health care providers are financially resourced to deliver continuous health services to insured members. Furthermore, resourcing the scheme would be useful for speedy vetting of claims and also, community education on the National Health Insurance Scheme to improve membership coverage and revenue from the informal sector. © 2013 International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR).	Claims settlements; Ghana; Membership coverage; National Health Insurance Scheme.	article; capitation fee; financial management; Ghana; health care cost; health care delivery; health impact assessment; health insurance; health survey; medical fee; national health insurance; priority journal; semi structured interview	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941284389	Impacts of community-based natural resource management on wealth, food security and child health in Tanzania	Pailler S., Naidoo R., Burgess N.D., Freeman O.E., Fisher B.	2015	PLoS ONE	10	7	10.1371/journal.pone.0133252	Clark University, Economics Department, Worcester, MA, United States; World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, United States; UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Center, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Centre for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark; ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins, World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi, Kenya; Gund Institute for Ecological Economics, Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States	Pailler, S., Clark University, Economics Department, Worcester, MA, United States; Naidoo, R., World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, United States; Burgess, N.D., UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Center, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Centre for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark; Freeman, O.E., ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins, World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi, Kenya; Fisher, B., World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, United States, Gund Institute for Ecological Economics, Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States	Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) is a major global strategy for enhancing conservation outcomes while also seeking to improve rural livelihoods; however, little evidence of socioeconomic outcomes exists. We present a national-level analysis that empirically estimates socioeconomic impacts of CBNRM across Tanzania, while systematically controlling for potential sources of bias. Specifically, we apply a difference-indifferences model to national-scale, cross-sectional data to estimate the impact of three different CBNRM governance regimes on wealth, food security and child health, considering differential impacts of CBNRM on wealthy and poor populations. We also explore whether or not longer-standing CBNRM efforts provide more benefits than recently-established CBNRM areas. Our results show significant improvements in household food security in CBNRM areas compared with non-CBNRM areas, but household wealth and health outcomes in children are generally not significantly different. No one CBNRM governance regime demonstrates consistently different welfare outcomes than the others. Wealthy households benefit more from CBNRM than poor households and CBNRM benefits appear to increase with longer periods of implementation. Perhaps evidence of CBNRM benefits is limited because CBNRM hasn't been around long enough to yield demonstrable outcomes. Nonetheless, achieving demonstrable benefits to rural populations will be crucial for CBNRM's future success in Tanzania. Copyright: © 2015 Pailler et al.	None	Article; child; child health; community based natural resource management; conservation biology; environmental management; food security; forest management; government; health survey; household; human; outcome assessment; poverty; socioeconomics; Tanzania; wealth; wildlife conservation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865818749	Vulnerability, impacts, and adaptation to sea level rise taking an ecosystem-based approach	Alverson K.	2012	Oceanography	25	3	10.5670/oceanog.2012.101	Climate Change Adaptation and Terrestrial Ecosystems Branch, Climate Adaptation Unit, United Nations Environment Programme Division of Environmental Policy Implementation, Nairobi, Kenya	Alverson, K., Climate Change Adaptation and Terrestrial Ecosystems Branch, Climate Adaptation Unit, United Nations Environment Programme Division of Environmental Policy Implementation, Nairobi, Kenya	[No abstract available]	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349925243	The impact of shrub encroachment on savanna bird diversity from local to regional scale	Sirami C., Seymour C., Midgley G., Barnard P.	2009	Diversity and Distributions	15	6	10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00612.x	Climate Change and BioAdaptation Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, P/;Bag X7, Claremont 7735, Cape Town, South Africa; Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Applied Biodiversity Research Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, P/;Bag X7, Claremont 7735, Cape Town, South Africa; DST-NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick, Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Sirami, C., Climate Change and BioAdaptation Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, P/;Bag X7, Claremont 7735, Cape Town, South Africa, Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Seymour, C., Applied Biodiversity Research Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, P/;Bag X7, Claremont 7735, Cape Town, South Africa; Midgley, G., Climate Change and BioAdaptation Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, P/;Bag X7, Claremont 7735, Cape Town, South Africa, Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Barnard, P., Climate Change and BioAdaptation Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, P/;Bag X7, Claremont 7735, Cape Town, South Africa, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick, Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Aim Evidence is accumulating of a general increase in woody cover of many savanna regions of the world. Little is known about the consequences of this widespread and fundamental ecosystem structural shift on biodiversity. Location South Africa. Methods We assessed the potential response of bird species to shrub encroachment in a South African savanna by censusing bird species in five habitats along a gradient of increasing shrub cover, from grassland/;open woodland to shrubland dominated by various shrub species. We also explored historical bird species population trends across southern Africa during the second half of the 20th century to determine if any quantifiable shifts had occurred that support an ongoing impact of shrub encroachment at the regional scale. Results At the local scale, species richness peaked at intermediate levels of shrub cover. Bird species composition showed high turnover along the gradient, suggesting that widespread shrub encroachment is likely to lead to the loss of certain species with a concomitant decline in bird species richness at the landscape scale. Finally, savanna bird species responded to changes in vegetation structure rather than vegetation species composition: bird assemblages were very similar in shrublands dominated by Acacia mellifera and those dominated by Tarchonanthus camphoratus. Main conclusions Shrub encroachment might have a bigger impact on bird diversity in grassland than in open woodland, regardless of the shrub species. Species recorded in our study area were associated with historical population changes at the scale of southern Africa suggesting that shrub encroachment could be one of the main drivers of bird population dynamics in southern African savannas. If current trends continue, the persistence of several southern African bird species associated with open savanna might be jeopardized regionally. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Biome shift; Bush encroachment; Global change; Land cover change; Landscape heterogeneity	biodiversity; bird; demographic trend; ecosystem structure; environmental disturbance; global change; habitat loss; population dynamics; savanna; shrub; shrubland; species richness; vegetation cover; vegetation dynamics; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Acacia; Acacia mellifera; Aves; Tarchonanthus camphoratus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867099092	Modeling the impacts of reforestation on future climate in West Africa	Abiodun B.J., Adeyewa Z.D., Oguntunde P.G., Salami A.T., Ajayi V.O.	2012	Theoretical and Applied Climatology	110	02-Jan	10.1007/s00704-012-0614-1	Climate System Analysis Group, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Meteorology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Engineering, Fed	Abiodun, B.J., Climate System Analysis Group, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Adeyewa, Z.D., Department of Meteorology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Oguntunde, P.G., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Salami, A.T., Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Ajayi, V.O., Department of Meteorology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	This study investigates the potential impacts of reforestation in West Africa on the projected regional climate in the near two decades (2031-2050) under the SRES A1B scenario. A regional climate model (RegCM3) forced with a global circulation model (ECHAM5) simulations was used for the study. The study evaluates the capability of the regional model in simulating the present-day climate over West Africa, projects the future climate over the region and investigates impacts of seven hypothetical reforestation options on the projected future climate. Three of these reforestation options assume zonal reforestation over West Africa (i. e., over the Sahel, Savanna and Guinea), while the other four assume random reforestation over Nigeria. With the elevated GHGs (A1B scenario), a warmer and drier climate is projected over West Africa in 2031-2050. The maximum warming (+2. 5°C) and drying (-2 mm day -1) occur in the western part of the Sahel because the West Africa Monsoon (WAM) flow is stronger and deflects the cool moist air more eastward, thereby lowering the warming and drying in the eastern part. In the simulations, reforestation reduces the projected warming and drying over the reforested zones but increases them outside the zones because it influences the northward progression of WAM in summer. It reduces the speed of the flow by weakening the temperature gradient that drives the flow and by increasing the surface drag on the flow over the reforested zone. Hence, in summer, the reforestation delays the onset of monsoon flow in transporting cool moist air over the area located downwind of the reforested zone, consequently enhancing the projected warming and drying over the area. The impact of reforesting Nigeria is not limited to the country; while it lowers the warming over part of the country (and over Togo), it increases the warming over Chad and Cameroon. This study, therefore, suggests that using reforestation to mitigate the projected future climate change in West Africa could have both positive and negative impacts on the regional climate, reducing temperature in some places and increasing it in others. Hence, reforestation in West Africa requires a mutual agreement among the West African nations because the impacts of reforestation do not recognize political boundaries. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.	None	air temperature; atmospheric circulation; climate change; climate modeling; greenhouse gas; monsoon; reforestation; regional climate; temperature gradient; Cameroon; Chad; Guinea; Nigeria; Sahel [Sub-Saharan Africa]; Togo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-47249116955	Inter-basin water transfer effects on the invertebrates of the Mvuzane River: A test of the SASS rapid biomonitoring protocol to assess the impact of flow modification	Weerts S.P., Cyrus D.P.	2008	Water SA	34	2	None	Coastal Research Unit of Zululand, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; CSIR, Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 17001, Congella 4013, South Africa	Weerts, S.P., Coastal Research Unit of Zululand, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa, CSIR, Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 17001, Congella 4013, South Africa; Cyrus, D.P., Coastal Research Unit of Zululand, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa	Effects of the transfer of water from the Thukela to the Mvuzane River were investigated using the SASS rapid bioassessment technique and more quantitative methods of guild composition and community analyses. Although the transfer was relatively small (&lt; 1 m-3/s) it completely dominated natural flows in the recipient system. SASS monitoring was found to be useful as a rapid, field-based assessment of water quality and can he used to act as a 'red flag' to problems in the future. However, it was not sensitive to changes in the community structure at different sites and was inefficient as a tool to investigate the wider ecological impacts of the transfer scheme, most notably those associated with flow modification. Changes in the invertebrate fauna were most easily explained in terms of the effect of increased flow velocities and volumes on taxa that were classified as 'swimmers' and 'skaters'. Impacts via disruption to trophic pathways cannot be discounted and will most certainly occur with prolonged water transfer.	None	Bioassessment; Biomonitoring; Quantitative methods; Water transfers; assessment method; basin; biomonitoring; community composition; community structure; ecological impact; guild structure; invertebrate; river water; trophic status; Africa; KwaZulu-Natal; Mvuzane River; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Thukela Basin; Invertebrata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77950227267	Synoptic-based evaluation of climatic response to vegetation change over Southern Africa	MacKellar N., Tadross M., Hewitson B.	2010	International Journal of Climatology	30	5	10.1002/joc.1925	Climate Systems Analysis Group, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Danish Climate Centre, Danish Meteorological Institute, Lyngbyvej 100, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark	MacKellar, N., Climate Systems Analysis Group, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, Danish Climate Centre, Danish Meteorological Institute, Lyngbyvej 100, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Tadross, M., Climate Systems Analysis Group, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Hewitson, B., Climate Systems Analysis Group, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	The results of regional climate model (RCM) simulations of the effects of vegetation change in southern Africa are analysed to asses the role of synoptic forcing in land-atmosphere interactions. A self-organizing map (SOM) is used to identify the dominant large-scale features in the atmospheric boundary conditions used to force the RCM. The fields used to characterize the large-scale circulation are geopotential height at 850 and 500 hPa and total precipitable water between these two levels. For each of the patterns (nodes) identified in these variables by the SOM, the mean RCM-simulated response to vegetation change is evaluated. Notable differences are seen in the response of precipitation, near-surface temperature and geopotential heights to the land surface change between different nodes. Conditions characterized by strong sub-tropical anticyclones and low atmospheric moisture show the greatest temperature and geopotential height changes and are most sensitive to changes in radiative fluxes, whereas precipitation and surface hydrological processes are more sensitive under conditions of weak subsidence and high levels of atmospheric moisture. © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society.	Land-atmosphere interaction; Self-organizing maps; Southern Africa	Atmospheric boundary conditions; Atmospheric moisture; Climatic response; Geopotential height; Hydrological process; Land surface change; Large-scale circulation; Near surface temperature; Radiative fluxes; Regional climate models; Simulated response; Synoptic forcing; Total precipitable water; Vegetation change; Atmospheric pressure; Climate models; Conformal mapping; Moisture; Self organizing maps; Strength of materials; Vegetation; Climate change; air-soil interaction; anticyclone; atmospheric moisture; boundary condition; climate modeling; computer simulation; geopotential; map; regional climate; synoptic meteorology; vegetation dynamics; Southern Africa; Equus asinus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78651481968	Evaluation of butorphanol, medetomidine and midazolam as a reversible narcotic combination in free-ranging African lions (Panthera leo)	Wenger S., Buss P., Joubert J., Steenkamp J., Shikwambana P., Hatt J.-M.	2010	Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia	37	6	10.1111/j.1467-2995.2010.00569.x	Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland; Veterinary Wildlife Services, South African National Parks, Kruger National Park, Skukuza, South Africa	Wenger, S., Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland; Buss, P., Veterinary Wildlife Services, South African National Parks, Kruger National Park, Skukuza, South Africa; Joubert, J., Veterinary Wildlife Services, South African National Parks, Kruger National Park, Skukuza, South Africa; Steenkamp, J., Veterinary Wildlife Services, South African National Parks, Kruger National Park, Skukuza, South Africa; Shikwambana, P., Veterinary Wildlife Services, South African National Parks, Kruger National Park, Skukuza, South Africa; Hatt, J.-M., Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland	Objective To evaluate the effects of the combination butorphanol, medetomidine and midazolam (BMM) and its reversibility in lions.Study design Prospective clinical trial.Animals Thirty free-ranging lions, 10 male and 20 female, weighing 81-210 kg.Methods Lions were immobilised with butorphanol mean 0.31 ± SD 0.034 mg kg-1, medetomidine 0.052 ± 0.006 mg kg-1, midazolam 0.21 ± 0.024 mg kg-1 and hyaluronidase 1250 IU administered intramuscularly with a dart gun. Upon recumbency, physiological parameters and anaesthetic depth were monitored 10-15 minutes after darting (T1) and repeated every 10 minutes for a further 30 minutes (T2, T3, T4). Arterial blood gas analyses were performed at T1 and T4. At the end of the procedure, 45-60 minutes after initial darting, immobilisation was reversed with naltrexone 0.68 ± 0.082 mg kg-1, atipamezole 0.26 ± 0.031 mg kg-1, and flumazenil 0.0032 ± 0.0007 mg kg-1 administered intravenously and subcutaneously.Results The BMM combination rapidly induced immobilisation and lateral recumbency was reached within 7.25 ± 2.3 minutes. Median induction score [scored 1 (excellent) to 4 (poor)] was 1.4 (range 1-2). Cardio-respiratory parameters were stable. Heart rate varied from 32 to 72 beats per minute, respiratory rate from 14 to 32 breaths minute-1 and rectal temperature from 36.6 to 40.3 °C. No sudden arousals were observed. Arterial blood gas analyses revealed a mean pH of 7.33, PaCO2 of 33 mmHg and PaO2 of 87 mmHg. Mild to moderate hypoxemia was seen in four lions. Recovery was smooth and lions were walking within 4.4 ± 4.25 minutes. Median recovery score [scored 1 (excellent) to 4 (poor)] was 1.3 (range 1-2).Conclusion and clinical relevance The drug combination proved to be effective in immobilising free-ranging healthy lions of both sexes with minimal cardio-respiratory changes. © 2010 The Authors. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia © 2010 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and the American College of Veterinary Anesthesiologists.	Atipamezole; Butorphanol; Flumazenil; Lion; Medetomidine; Midazolam; Naltrexone	analgesic agent; butorphanol; hypnotic sedative agent; medetomidine; midazolam; narcotic agent; narcotic antagonist; animal; article; clinical trial; drug combination; female; lion; male; South Africa; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Butorphanol; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Lions; Male; Medetomidine; Midazolam; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; South Africa; Panthera leo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947908564	Impact of Antidepressant Drugs on Sexual Function and Satisfaction	Baldwin D.S., Manson C., Nowak M.	2015	CNS Drugs	29	11	10.1007/s40263-015-0294-3	Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; University Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa; University Guangji Hospital, Suzhou, China; University Department of Psychiatry, Academic Centre, College Keep, 4-12 Terminus Terrace, Southampton, United Kingdom	Baldwin, D.S., Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom, University Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa, University Guangji Hospital, Suzhou, China, University Department of Psychiatry, Academic Centre, College Keep, 4-12 Terminus Terrace, Southampton, United Kingdom; Manson, C., Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Nowak, M., Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom	Pleasurable sexual activity is important in many human relationships and can provide a sense of physical, emotional and social well-being. Depressive symptoms and depressive illness are associated with impairments in sexual function and sexual dissatisfaction in untreated and treated patients. Most currently available antidepressant drugs are associated with development or worsening of sexual dysfunction in a substantial proportion of patients. Sexual difficulties during antidepressant treatment often resolve as depression lifts, but can persist over long periods, reducing self-esteem and affecting mood and relationships adversely. Sexual difficulties during antidepressant treatment typically have many possible causes but the incidence and nature of dysfunction varies between drugs. Many interventions can be considered when managing sexual dysfunction associated with antidepressants but no approach is 'ideal'. Because treatment-emergent sexual difficulties are less frequent with certain drugs, presumably related to differences in pharmacological properties, and since current interventions are suboptimal, a lower incidence of sexual dysfunction is a relevant tolerability target when developing novel antidepressants. © 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland.	None	agomelatine; amfebutamone; amineptine; antidepressant agent; aripiprazole; clomipramine; dapoxetine; escitalopram; fluoxetine; fluvoxamine; lithium; mirtazapine; moclobemide; nefazodone; olanzapine; paroxetine; phosphodiesterase V inhibitor; placebo; serotonin noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sertraline; sildenafil; tadalafil; testosterone; trazodone; unindexed drug; venlafaxine; vilazodone; vortioxetine; yohimbine; Article; clinical assessment; clinical trial (topic); depression; drug design; drug efficacy; drug induced headache; drug safety; drug tolerability; dyspepsia; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human; incidence; major depression; mental patient; priority journal; prospective study; psychopharmacotherapy; randomized controlled trial (topic); sexual behavior; sexual dysfunction; sexual function; sexual satisfaction; treatment outcome; treatment response; visual disorder	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868154293	Performance of Frontloading for Smear Microscopy in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Referral Hospital in Uganda	Miremba P., Kalyango J.N., Worodria W., Mugerwa H., Nakakawa E., Asiimwe B.B.	2012	PLoS ONE	7	10	10.1371/journal.pone.0048531	Clinical Epidemiology Unit, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital Complex, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda	Miremba, P., Clinical Epidemiology Unit, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Kalyango, J.N., Clinical Epidemiology Unit, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Worodria, W., Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital Complex, Kampala, Uganda; Mugerwa, H., Clinical Epidemiology Unit, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Nakakawa, E., Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Asiimwe, B.B., Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda	Objective: To compare the performance of frontloading and the standard WHO method for diagnosis of pulmonary TB at Mulago Hospital in order to validate the technique in this setting. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which 229 adult (≥18 years) TB suspects were consecutively enrolled. Suspects submitted three sputum samples as follows: at initial presentation, one hour after the first sample, and the next morning. The first and next morning samples formed the standard WHO method, while the first and the one hour later samples formed the frontloading method. Sample processing was by the standard N-acetyl L-cystein (NALC)-NaOH method, and fluorescent microscopy was done for both methods, while cultures of the first sample on Lowenstein-Jensen slants acted as a gold standard. The sensitivity, specificity and predictive values for the WHO standard and frontloading methods were compared. Results: The sensitivity of both the frontloading and standard schemes was 91.1% while their specificities were 86.2% and 91.7% respectively. There was excellent agreement between the diagnostic capacity of the two methods (kappa statistic = 0.87, P<0.0001). The positive predictive value for the frontloading scheme was 87.2% and that for the standard approach was 91.9%, while the negative predictive values were 90.4% and 90.9%, respectively. Among the HIV positive patients, frontloading identified 59/79 (74.7%) culture positive samples while the standard approach identified 55/79 (69.6%). In the HIV sero-negative category, on the other hand, front-loading identified 48/110 (43.6%) culture positive samples compared to 45/110 (40.9%) by the standard approach. Conclusion: Frontloading based on smear examination of two same-day sputum samples has a similar performance to the current standard method and would not be associated with any significant missed diagnosis. It may therefore be advocated for use in our setting so as to reduce time to completion of diagnosis and patient loss to follow-up. © 2012 Miremba et al.	None	acetylcysteine; sodium hydroxide; adult; article; clinical assessment tool; comparative effectiveness; controlled study; cross-sectional study; diagnostic test accuracy study; female; fluorescence microscopy; frontloading; gold standard; human; intermethod comparison; lung tuberculosis; major clinical study; male; microscopy; patient referral; performance; predictive value; sensitivity and specificity; smear; sputum; Uganda; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diagnostic Techniques, Respiratory System; Female; Humans; Male; Microscopy; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Referral and Consultation; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sputum; Time Factors; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Uganda; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953988287	The incriminating role of reactive oxygen species in idiopathic male infertility: An evidence based evaluation	Saalu L.C.	2010	Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences	13	9	None	Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria	Saalu, L.C., Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria	The male factor is considered a major contributory factor to infertility. Apart from the conventional causes for male infertility such as varicocoele, cryptorchidism, infections, obstructive lesions, cystic fibrosis, trauma and tumours, a new and important cause has been identified as being responsible for the so-called idiopathic male infertility: oxidative stress. Oxidative Stress (OS) is a condition that occurs when the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) overwhelms the antioxidant defense produced against them. In male reproductive pathological conditions, the OS significantly impairs spermatogenesis and sperm function, which may lead to male infertility. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) known as free radicals are oxidizing agents generated as a result of metabolism of oxygen and have at least one unpaired electron that make them very reactive species. Spermatozoa generate Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in physiological amounts, which play a role in sperm functions during sperm capacitation, Acrosome Reaction (AR) and oocyte fusion, but they need to be controlled and their concentrations maintained at a level that is not deleterious to the cells. Administration of antioxidants in patients with 'male factor' infertility has begun to attract considerable interest. The main difficulty of such an approach is our incomplete understanding of the role of free radicals in normal and abnormal sperm function leading to male infertility. The purpose of the present review is to address the relationship between ROS and idiopathic male factor infertility. © 2010 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Infertility; Oxidative stress; Reactive oxygen species	reactive oxygen metabolite; reactive oxygen metabolite; article; human; male; male infertility; metabolism; male infertility; metabolism; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Reactive Oxygen Species; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Reactive Oxygen Species	None
None	None	Modelling the impacts of new diagnostic tools for tuberculosis in developing countries to enhance policy decisions	Langley I., Doulla B., Lin H.-H., Millington K., Squire B.	2012	Health Care Management Science	15	3	10.1007/s10729-012-9201-3	Clinical Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan	Langley, I., Clinical Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Doulla, B., National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Lin, H.-H., Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Millington, K., Clinical Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Squire, B., Clinical Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom	The introduction and scale-up of new tools for the diagnosis of Tuberculosis (TB) in developing countries has the potential to make a huge difference to the lives of millions of people living in poverty. To achieve this, policy makers need the information to make the right decisions about which new tools to implement and where in the diagnostic algorithm to apply them most effectively. These decisions are difficult as the new tools are often expensive to implement and use, and the health system and patient impacts uncertain, particularly in developing countries where there is a high burden of TB. The authors demonstrate that a discrete event simulation model could play a significant part in improving and informing these decisions. The feasibility of linking the discrete event simulation to a dynamic epidemiology model is also explored in order to take account of longer term impacts on the incidence of TB. Results from two diagnostic districts in Tanzania are used to illustrate how the approach could be used to improve decisions. © 2012 The Author(s).	Cost effectiveness; Developing Countries; Simulation; Transmission modelling; Tuberculosis	algorithm; article; clinical pathway; cost benefit analysis; decision making; developing country; economics; health care delivery; health care policy; human; lung tuberculosis; management; microbiology; organization and management; sputum; theoretical model; time; Algorithms; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Critical Pathways; Decision Making; Delivery of Health Care; Developing Countries; Health Policy; Humans; Models, Theoretical; Policy Making; Sputum; Time Factors; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862786225	Prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection in HBV serologically-negative South African HIV patients and retrospective evaluation of the clinical course of mono- and co-infection	Firnhaber C., Chen C.Y., Evans D., Maskew M., Schulz D., Reyneke A., Kramvis A.	2012	International Journal of Infectious Diseases	16	4	10.1016/j.ijid.2011.12.007	Clinical HIV Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Right to Care, PO Box Postnet Suite 176, Private Bag X2600, Houghton, Johannesburg 2041, South Africa; Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Programme, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Firnhaber, C., Clinical HIV Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Right to Care, PO Box Postnet Suite 176, Private Bag X2600, Houghton, Johannesburg 2041, South Africa; Chen, C.Y., Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Programme, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Evans, D., Clinical HIV Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Maskew, M., Clinical HIV Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Schulz, D., Clinical HIV Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Reyneke, A., Clinical HIV Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Kramvis, A., Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Programme, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Objectives: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with undetectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) has been reported in HIV patients, but the clinical significance is unknown. This study presents the prevalence of HBV DNA in HIV-positive patients negative for all HBV serological markers and a retrospective evaluation of the clinical course of mono- and co-infection. Methods: Of 502 HIV-positive patients, 222 tested negative for HBsAg, antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs), and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). An in-house real-time PCR targeting the HBV S-region was used to quantify HBV DNA. HBV isolates were genotyped. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of HBV DNA-positive and HBV DNA-negative patients were described. Treatment outcomes of patients at 6, 12, and 24 months after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) were summarized. Results: HBV DNA was detected in 5.4% (12/222) of serologically negative patients. Mean HBV viral load was 5359.2 IU/ml (standard deviation (SD) ±12 768.27). Eleven HBV isolates belonged to genotype A and one to genotype C. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics or clinical course between the HBV DNA-positive and HBV DNA-negative groups. Conclusions: We found 5.4% of the HBV serologically-negative HIV-positive patients had low levels of HBV DNA. There were no significant differences in clinical outcome between the mono- and co-infected groups. © 2012 International Society for Infectious Diseases.	Antiviral therapy; Genotypes; HBsAg-negative; HIV; Occult	antiretrovirus agent; efavirenz; hepatitis B core antigen; hepatitis B surface antibody; hepatitis B surface antigen; lamivudine; lamivudine plus nevirapine plus stavudine; stavudine; virus DNA; adult; article; controlled study; demography; disease course; DNA determination; female; genotype; hepatitis B; Hepatitis B virus; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; male; mixed infection; outcome assessment; quantitative analysis; real time polymerase chain reaction; retrospective study; seroprevalence; South Africa; virus load; virus typing; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Antibodies, Viral; Coinfection; DNA, Viral; Female; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B virus; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; South Africa; Treatment Outcome; Viral Load	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33748367852	Evaluation of fever of unknown origin before starting antiretroviral therapy	Conradie F., Wilson D.	2006	Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine	None	23	None	Clinical HIV Research Unit, Helen Joseph Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Edendale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Conradie, F., Clinical HIV Research Unit, Helen Joseph Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa; Wilson, D., Department of Medicine, Edendale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	antiretrovirus agent; efavirenz; fluconazole; lamivudine; stavudine; tenofovir; adult; article; blood transfusion; bone marrow biopsy; case report; coughing; death; diarrhea; disease course; drug substitution; esophagus candidiasis; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; laboratory test; patient assessment; patient referral; peripheral neuropathy; physical examination; pyrexia idiopathica; treatment refusal	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84954553103	Economic, organizational and budget impact of a new diagnostic plan for HCV detection: what’s “new”?	Monari M., Foglia E., Montanelli A., Assandri R., Lagioia M., Ferrario L., Garagiola E., Porazzi E., Croce D.	2015	Rivista Italiana della Medicina di Laboratorio	11	4	10.1007/s13631-015-0098-y	Clinical Investigation Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, MI, Italy; Centre for Research on Health Economics, Social and Health Care Management—CREMS, University Carlo Cattaneo—LIUC, Corso Matteotti 22, Castellanza, VA, Italy; Medical Superintendent, Health Directorate Humanitas, Rozzano, MI, Italy; School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Monari, M., Clinical Investigation Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, MI, Italy; Foglia, E., Centre for Research on Health Economics, Social and Health Care Management—CREMS, University Carlo Cattaneo—LIUC, Corso Matteotti 22, Castellanza, VA, Italy; Montanelli, A., Clinical Investigation Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, MI, Italy; Assandri, R., Clinical Investigation Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, MI, Italy; Lagioia, M., Medical Superintendent, Health Directorate Humanitas, Rozzano, MI, Italy; Ferrario, L., Centre for Research on Health Economics, Social and Health Care Management—CREMS, University Carlo Cattaneo—LIUC, Corso Matteotti 22, Castellanza, VA, Italy; Garagiola, E., Centre for Research on Health Economics, Social and Health Care Management—CREMS, University Carlo Cattaneo—LIUC, Corso Matteotti 22, Castellanza, VA, Italy; Porazzi, E., Centre for Research on Health Economics, Social and Health Care Management—CREMS, University Carlo Cattaneo—LIUC, Corso Matteotti 22, Castellanza, VA, Italy; Croce, D., Centre for Research on Health Economics, Social and Health Care Management—CREMS, University Carlo Cattaneo—LIUC, Corso Matteotti 22, Castellanza, VA, Italy, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Background.: Hepatitis C (HCV) is a liver inflammation which, through the activation of the immune defense system, causes the death of liver cells (liver necrosis). Like Hepatitis B, it can become chronic, turning into a long term pathology. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a new technology useful to diagnose HCV, based on a serological kit HCVAg, comparing it with the standard technology, according to a multi-dimensional approach. Methods.: In order to analyze the differences between the two technologies, three dimensions were considered: (i) process costs, (ii) organizational aspects and (iii) budget impact. Data were collected by observational analysis and supported with administrative data. Activity Based Costing methodology (ABC), and a Budget Impact Analysis approach (BIA) were implemented. Results.: The new technology reduced the time needed to complete a medical report to 90 minutes, with a positive organizational impact, and allowed an immediate definition of the presence or absence of HCV infection, with quantitative results. Data showed that its introduction would bring economic savings to the Regional and National Health Service: a hospital could reduce the direct and indirect costs by 47.90% each and contribute to a reduction in funding at Regional or National level by 26.96%. Conclusions.: The introduction of the new technology, if compared with the standard one, would give similar effectiveness, with a lower organizational and economic impact, both for a hospital and for a Regional/National Health Service, with a good equity impact for HCV infected patients. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Italia.	Economic evaluation; Economic savings; HCV; Multi-dimensional approach; Serological kit	Article; budget; cost control; cost utility analysis; diagnostic kit; diagnostic procedure; economic aspect; health care organization; hepatitis C; Hepatitis C virus; human; major clinical study; observational study; serology; virus detection	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55449093312	CD4 stabilization tubes provide improved accuracy of absolute CD4 T-cell counts compared to standard K3 EDTA tubes in human immunodeficiency virus immunologic monitoring in resource-poor settings	Shott J.P., Iga B., Makumbi F., Luswata C., Kagulire C., Nammanda J., Mills L.A., Serwadda D., Quinn T.C., Reynolds S.J.	2008	Clinical and Vaccine Immunology	15	10	10.1128/CVI.00176-08	Clinical Monitoring Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, United States; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States; Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai District, Kalisizo, Uganda; Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States; School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NIAID/NIH - Uganda, Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai District, Kalisizo, Uganda	Shott, J.P., Clinical Monitoring Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, United States, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NIAID/NIH - Uganda, Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai District, Kalisizo, Uganda; Iga, B., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai District, Kalisizo, Uganda; Makumbi, F., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai District, Kalisizo, Uganda, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Luswata, C., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai District, Kalisizo, Uganda; Kagulire, C., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai District, Kalisizo, Uganda; Nammanda, J., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai District, Kalisizo, Uganda; Mills, L.A., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai District, Kalisizo, Uganda, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States; Serwadda, D., School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Quinn, T.C., National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States; Reynolds, S.J., National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States	CD4 stabilization tubes have the ability to ensure internal quality control in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) monitoring laboratory by maintaining accurate absolute CD4 T-cell counts for up to 6 days. Here, we assessed this technology for its use in an HIV clinical monitoring laboratory in a resource-poor setting in rural Uganda. Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.	None	CD4 antigen; edetic acid; accuracy; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; comparative study; female; human; human cell; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; laboratory; major clinical study; male; nonhuman; priority journal; quality control; rural area; technology; tube; Uganda; CD4 lymphocyte count; evaluation; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunology; laboratory diagnosis; methodology; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; HIV Infections; Humans; Specimen Handling; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951786726	Women war survivors of the 1989-2003 conflict in Liberia: The impact of sexual and gender-based violence	Liebling-Kalifani H., Mwaka V., Ojiambo-Ochieng R., Were-Oguttu J., Kinyanda E., Kwekwe D., Howard L., Danuweli C.	2011	Journal of International Women's Studies	12	1	None	Clinical Psychology, Coventry University, Makerere University, Uganda; Makerere University, Uganda; Isis-Women's International Cross Cultural Exchange, Kampala, Uganda; Information and Documentation at Isis-WICCE, Uganda; MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Uganda; Ministry of Gender and Development, Cottingham University, Liberia; University of York, United Kingdom; University of Liberia, Liberia	Liebling-Kalifani, H., Clinical Psychology, Coventry University, Makerere University, Uganda; Mwaka, V., Makerere University, Uganda; Ojiambo-Ochieng, R., Isis-Women's International Cross Cultural Exchange, Kampala, Uganda; Were-Oguttu, J., Information and Documentation at Isis-WICCE, Uganda; Kinyanda, E., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Uganda; Kwekwe, D., Ministry of Gender and Development, Cottingham University, Liberia; Howard, L., University of York, United Kingdom; Danuweli, C., University of Liberia, Liberia	This article presents a summary of the qualitative data from research carried out in post-conflict Liberia by Isis-WICCE, a women's international non-government organisation, in conjunction with the Ministry of Gender and Development of Liberia and Women in Peace-building Network, WIPNET. Analysis of research findings detail women's experiences of conflict and the serious effects of sexual violence and torture on their physical and psychological health. The paper also describes the omission of women from justice and rehabilitation processes. In support of women participants' views, the authors' recommend that funding is urgently required for the provision of holistic and sustainable, gender- sensitive services. Additional recommendations are made with respect to health, justice and policy changes in line with enhancing women survivor's roles and utilising their skills and resilience.	Gender-based violence; Liberia; Sexual; War; Women	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884131310	The methodological challenges for the estimation of quality of life in children for use in economic evaluation in low-income countries	Mabugu T., Revill P., van den Berg B.	2013	Value in Health Regional Issues	2	2	10.1016/j.vhri.2013.07.005	Clinical Research Centre, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, United Kingdom	Mabugu, T., Clinical Research Centre, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Revill, P., Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, United Kingdom; van den Berg, B., Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, United Kingdom	Objectives: The assessment of quality of life (QOL) in children has been underresearched in high- and low-income countries alike. This is partly due to practical and methodological challenges in characterizing and assessing children's QOL. This article explores these challenges and highlights considerations in developing age-specific instruments for children affected by HIV and other health conditions in Africa and other low-income settings. Methods: A literature search identified works that have 1) developed, 2) derived utilities for, or 3) applied QOL tools for use in economic evaluations of HIV interventions for children. We analyzed the existing tools specifically in terms of domains considered, variations in age bands, the recommended respondents, and the relevance of the tools to African and also other low-income country contexts. Results: Only limited QOL research has been conducted in low-income settings on either adults or children with HIV. A few studies have developed and applied tools for children (e.g., in Thailand, Brazil, and India), but none have been in Africa. The existing methodological literature is inconclusive on the appropriate width or depth by which to define pediatric QOL. The existing instruments include QOL domains such as "physical functioning," "emotional and cognitive functioning," "general behavior (social, school, home)," "health perception," "coping and adaptation," "pain and discomfort," "extended effects," "life perspective," and "autonomy.". Conclusions: QOL assessment in children presents a series of practical and methodological challenges. Its application in low-income settings requires careful consideration of a number of context-specific factors. © 2013 International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR).	Children; HIV/AIDS; Low-income; Quality of life	antiretrovirus agent; cotrimoxazole; academic achievement; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adaptive behavior; Africa; age distribution; article; child; cognition; coping behavior; cost benefit analysis; cost effectiveness analysis; cultural factor; economic evaluation; emotion; functional assessment; geographic names; health behavior; home care; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; human rights; life event; lowest income country; lowest income group; methodology; pain; priority journal; quality of life; social behavior	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871303261	Performance of the 2007 WHO Algorithm to Diagnose Smear-Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis in a HIV Prevalent Setting	Huerga H., Varaine F., Okwaro E., Bastard M., Ardizzoni E., Sitienei J., Chakaya J., Bonnet M.	2012	PLoS ONE	7	12	10.1371/journal.pone.0051336	Clinical Research Department, Epicentre, Paris, France; Medical Department, Médecins Sans Frontières, Paris, France; District Hospital Laboratory, Médecins Sans Frontières, Homa Bay, Kenya; Mycobacteriology Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Division of Leprosy, Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya; Centre for Respiratory Diseases Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya	Huerga, H., Clinical Research Department, Epicentre, Paris, France; Varaine, F., Medical Department, Médecins Sans Frontières, Paris, France; Okwaro, E., District Hospital Laboratory, Médecins Sans Frontières, Homa Bay, Kenya; Bastard, M., Clinical Research Department, Epicentre, Paris, France; Ardizzoni, E., Medical Department, Médecins Sans Frontières, Paris, France, Mycobacteriology Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Sitienei, J., Division of Leprosy, Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya; Chakaya, J., Centre for Respiratory Diseases Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Bonnet, M., Clinical Research Department, Epicentre, Paris, France	Background: The 2007 WHO algorithm for diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) culture was evaluated in a HIV prevalent area of Kenya. Methods: PTB smear-negative adult suspects were included in a prospective diagnostic study (2009-2011). In addition, program data (2008-2009) were retrospectively analysed. At the first consultation, clinical examination, chest X-ray, and sputum culture (Thin-Layer-Agar and Lowenstein-Jensen) were performed. Patients not started on TB treatment were clinically re-assessed after antibiotic course. The algorithm performance was calculated using culture as reference standard. Results: 380 patients were included prospectively and 406 analyzed retrospectively. Culture was positive for MTB in 17.5% (61/348) and 21.8% (72/330) of cases. Sensitivity of the clinical-radiological algorithm was 55.0% and 31.9% in the prospective study and the program data analysis, respectively. Specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 72.9%, 29.7% and 88.6% in the prospective study and 79.8%, 30.7% and 80.8% in the program data analysis. Performing culture increased the number of confirmed TB patients started on treatment by 43.3% in the prospective study and by 44.4% in the program data analysis. Median time to treatment of confirmed TB patients was 6 days in the prospective study and 27 days in the retrospective study. Inter-reader agreement for X-ray interpretation between the study clinician and a radiologist was low (Kappa coefficient = 0.11, 95%CI: 0.09-0.12). In a multivariate logistic analysis, past TB history, number of symptoms and signs at the clinical exam were independently associated with risk of overtreatment. Conclusion: The clinical-radiological algorithm is suboptimal to diagnose smear-negative PTB. Culture increases significantly the proportion of confirmed TB cases started on treatment. Better access to rapid MTB culture and development of new diagnostic tests is necessary. © 2012 Huerga et al.	None	amoxicillin; antibiotic agent; cotrimoxazole; erythromycin; ethambutol plus isoniazid plus pyrazinamide plus rifampicin; adult; algorithm; article; bacterium culture; clinical examination; consultation; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; diagnostic test accuracy study; female; human; human cell; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; lung tuberculosis; major clinical study; male; medication error; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nonhuman; patient compliance; prediction; prospective study; receiver operating characteristic; retrospective study; sensitivity and specificity; sputum culture; sputum smear; symptom; thorax radiography; world health organization; Adult; Algorithms; Ambulatory Care; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Male; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Sputum; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; World Health Organization; Young Adult; Mycobacterium tuberculosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67650649763	Impact of acyclovir on genital and plasma HIV-1 RNA, genital herpes simplex virus type 2 DNA, and ulcer healing among HIV-1-infected African women with herpes ulcers: A randomized placebo-controlled trial	Mayaud P., Legoff J., Weiss H.A., Grésenguet G., Nzambi K., Bouhlal H., Frost E., Pépin J., Malkin J.-E., Hayes R.J., Mabey D.C.W., Bélec L.	2009	Journal of Infectious Diseases	200	2	10.1086/599991	Clinical Research Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Paris, France; Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Université Paris Descartes, Equipe Immunité et Biothérapie Muqueuse, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France; Centre Médical, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Centre National de Reference des Maladies Sexuellement Transmissibles et du SIDA de Bangui, Unité de Recherches et d'Intervention sur les Maladies Sexuellement Transmissibles et du SIDA, Central African Republic, Accra, Ghana; West African Project to Combat AIDS and STIs, Accra, Ghana; Centre for International Health, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Clinical Research Unit, School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom	Mayaud, P., Clinical Research Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Paris, France, Clinical Research Unit, School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Legoff, J., Université Paris Descartes, Equipe Immunité et Biothérapie Muqueuse, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France, Université Paris Diderot, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France; Weiss, H.A., Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Grésenguet, G., Centre National de Reference des Maladies Sexuellement Transmissibles et du SIDA de Bangui, Unité de Recherches et d'Intervention sur les Maladies Sexuellement Transmissibles et du SIDA, Central African Republic, Accra, Ghana; Nzambi, K., West African Project to Combat AIDS and STIs, Accra, Ghana; Bouhlal, H., Université Paris Descartes, Equipe Immunité et Biothérapie Muqueuse, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; Frost, E., Centre for International Health, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Pépin, J., Centre for International Health, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Malkin, J.-E., Centre Médical, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Hayes, R.J., Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Mabey, D.C.W., Clinical Research Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Paris, France; Bélec, L., Université Paris Descartes, Equipe Immunité et Biothérapie Muqueuse, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France	Background. Little is known about the impact of episodic treatment of herpes on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Methods. Women from Ghana and the Central African Republic who had genital ulcers were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of acyclovir plus antibacterials and were monitored for 28 days. Ulcer etiologies and detection of lesionai HIV-1 RNA were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Cervicovaginal HIV-1 RNA and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) DNA and plasma HIV-1 RNA were quantitated by real-time PCR. Primary analyses included 118 HIV-1-infected women with HSV-2 ulcers (54 of whom were given acyclovir and 64 of whom were given placebo). Results. Acyclovir had little impact on (1) detection of cervicovaginal HIV-1 RNA (risk ratio [RR], 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8-1.2) at day 7 of treatment, (2) the mean cervicovaginal HIV-1 RNA load (-0.06 log10 copies/mL; 95% CI, -0.4 to 0.3 log10 copies/mL) at day 7 of treatment, or (3) the plasma HIV-1 RNA load (+0.09 log10 copies/mL; 95% CI, -0.1 to 0.3 log10 copies/mL) at day 14 of treatment. At day 7, women receiving acyclovir were less likely to have detectable lesionai HIV-1 RNA (RR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.4-1.2) or cervicovaginal HSV-2 DNA (RR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.4-1.3), had a lower quantity of HSV-2 DNA (-0.99 log10 copies/mL; 95% CI, -1.8 to -0.2 log10 copies/mL), and were more likely to have a healed ulcer (RR, 1.26; 95% CI, 0.9-1.9). Conclusion. Episodic therapy for herpes reduced the quantity of cervicovaginal HSV-2 DNA and slightly improved ulcer healing, but it did not decrease genital and plasma HIV-1 RNA loads. Trial registration. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00158483. © 2009 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.	None	aciclovir; antiinfective agent; benzathine penicillin; ciprofloxacin; RNA; virus DNA; virus RNA; adolescent; adult; article; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; drug dose reduction; female; genital ulcer; herpes; Herpes simplex virus; Herpes simplex virus 2; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immune deficiency; major clinical study; priority journal; randomized controlled trial; real time polymerase chain reaction; syphilis; ulcer; ulcer healing; ulcus molle; virus load; Acyclovir; Adolescent; Adult; Antiviral Agents; Central African Republic; DNA, Viral; Double-Blind Method; Female; Ghana; Herpes Genitalis; Herpesvirus 2, Human; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; RNA, Viral	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862756838	Impact of asymptomatic Herpes simplex virus-2 infection on T cell phenotype and function in the foreskin	Prodger J.L., Gray R., Kigozi G., Nalugoda F., Galiwango R., Nehemiah K., Kakanga M., Hirbod T., Wawer M.J., Sewankambo N., Serwadda D., Kaul R.	2012	AIDS	26	10	10.1097/QAD.0b013e328354675c	Clinical Science Division, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States; Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda	Prodger, J.L., Clinical Science Division, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Gray, R., Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States; Kigozi, G., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Nalugoda, F., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Galiwango, R., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Nehemiah, K., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Kakanga, M., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Hirbod, T., Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Wawer, M.J., Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States; Sewankambo, N., College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Serwadda, D., Institute of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Kaul, R., Clinical Science Division, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada	Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) increases the risk of HIV acquisition in men and overall CD4 T cell density in the foreskin. Using tissues obtained during routine male circumcision, we examined the impact of HSV-2 on the function and phenotype of foreskin T cells in Ugandan men. HSV-2 infection was predominantly associated with a compartmentalized increase in CCR5 expression by foreskin CD4 T cells, which may contribute to HIV susceptibility. © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	None	CD3 antigen; CD4 antigen; CD8 antigen; chemokine receptor CCR5; gamma interferon; interleukin 17; interleukin 22; transcription factor FOXP3; tumor necrosis factor alpha; article; asymptomatic infection; CD25+ T lymphocyte; CD4+ T lymphocyte; cell density; circumcision; cytokine production; disease predisposition; herpes simplex; Herpes simplex virus 2; human; human tissue; lymphocyte subpopulation; male; nonhuman; phenotype; prepuce; priority journal; protein expression; risk; Th17 cell; Adult; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Circumcision, Male; Foreskin; Herpesvirus 2, Human; Humans; Male; Receptors, CCR5; Viral Load	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-68049142415	Transcutaneous ultrasonographic evaluation of the air-filled equine stomach and duodenum following gastroscopy	Kihurani D.O.G., Carstens A., Saulez M.N., Donnellan C.M.B.	2009	Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound	50	4	10.1111/j.1740-8261.2009.01561.x	Clinical Studies Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, PO Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa	Kihurani, D.O.G., Clinical Studies Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, PO Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya, Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Carstens, A., Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Saulez, M.N., Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Donnellan, C.M.B., Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa	Gastroscopy with air insufflation was performed in 10 ponies, after which a transcutaneous ultrasound examination of the stomach and duodenum was performed immediately and at 1, 2, and 4 h postgastroscopy, and 24 h after feeding. Stomach measurements included the dorsoventral and craniocaudal dimensions, as well as the stomach depth from the skin surface and stomach wall thickness at the different time periods. Gastric wall folding was observed in one pony, becoming most distinct 2-4 h postgastroscopy. An undulating stomach wall was noted in eight other ponies postgastroscopy. These observations appeared to be a response to the deflation of the stomach as the insufflated air was released gradually. Gas was detected in the duodenum after the gastroscopy. The parameters measured were noted to be useful to evaluate the extent of stomach distension due to air or feed. The ultrasonographic appearance of the stomach can, therefore, be altered by gastroscopy and this should be borne in mind when examining horses with suspected gastric disease. © Copyright 2009 by the American College of Veterinary Radiology.	Equine; Gastric wall folding; Stomach measurements; Ultrasonography	aeration; air; animal; animal disease; article; duodenum; echography; gastroscopy; histology; horse; stomach; Air; Animals; Duodenum; Gastroscopy; Horses; Insufflation; Stomach; Equidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-81355147314	Prevalence and impact of hepatitis B and C virus co-infections in antiretroviral treatment naïve patients with HIV infection at a major treatment center in Ghana	Sagoe K.W.C., Agyei A.A., Ziga F., Lartey M., Adiku T.K., Seshi M., Arens M.Q., Mingle J.A.A.	2012	Journal of Medical Virology	84	1	10.1002/jmv.22262	Clinical Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Pharmacy Department, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Retrovirus Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, United States	Sagoe, K.W.C., Clinical Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Agyei, A.A., Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Ziga, F., Pharmacy Department, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Lartey, M., Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Adiku, T.K., Clinical Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Seshi, M., Clinical Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Arens, M.Q., Retrovirus Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, United States; Mingle, J.A.A., Clinical Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana	Data on the effects of the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients co-infected with these viruses and HIV in West Africa are conflicting and little information is available in Ghana. A cohort of 138 treatment naïve individuals infected with HIV was screened for HBV and HCV serologic markers; HBsAg positive patients were tested for HBeAg, anti-HBe, and anti-HBc IgM. The viral load of HIV-1 in the plasma was determined in 81 patients. Eighteen of the 138 patients (13%) and 5 (3.6%) had HBsAg and anti-HCV, respectively. None of the patients had anti-HBc IgM, but 10 (55.6%) and 8 (44.4%) of the 18 patients who were HBsAg positive had HBeAg and anti-HBe, respectively. In patients with measurement of CD4 + undertaken within 1 month (n=83), CD4 + count was significantly lower in patients with HBeAg (median [IQR], 81 [22-144]) as compared to those with anti-HBe (median [IQR], 210 [197-222]) (P=0.002, CI: -96.46 to 51.21). However, those with HIV mono-infection had similar CD4 + counts (median [IQR], 57 [14-159]) compared to those with HBeAg (P=1.0, CI: -71.75 to 73.66). Similar results were obtained if CD4 + count was measured within 2 months prior to initiation of HAART (n=119). Generally, HBV and anti-HCV did not affect CD4 + and viral loads of HIV-1 in plasma but patients with HIV and HBV co-infection who had HBeAg had more severe immune suppression as compared to those with anti-HBe. This may have implication for initiating HAART in HBV endemic areas. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	CD4 +; Ghana; Hepatitis viruses; HIV; Viral load	antiretrovirus agent; hepatitis B core antibody; hepatitis B surface antigen; hepatitis B(e) antibody; hepatitis B(e) antigen; adult; article; CD4+ T lymphocyte; controlled study; Ghana; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis C virus; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immune response; major clinical study; mixed infection; prevalence; screening test; virus load; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Coinfection; Comorbidity; Female; Ghana; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis C Antibodies; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Immunoglobulin M; Male; Middle Aged; Viral Load; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis C virus; Human immunodeficiency virus 1	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84889666483	Flotation of PGM-containing minerals: Plant-wide regression and prediction of circuit performance	Du Preez N.B., Crundwell F.K., Knights B.D.H.	2013	Minerals Engineering	54	None	10.1016/j.mineng.2013.06.008	CM Solutions, PO Box 1286, Parklands 2121, South Africa	Du Preez, N.B., CM Solutions, PO Box 1286, Parklands 2121, South Africa; Crundwell, F.K., CM Solutions, PO Box 1286, Parklands 2121, South Africa; Knights, B.D.H., CM Solutions, PO Box 1286, Parklands 2121, South Africa	A crucial step in the processing of PGM-bearing reefs in South Africa is the flotation of the sulfidic minerals from the host rock. Flotation plays a crucial role in reducing the mass of material to be processed further downstream by smelting, converting and hydrometallurgical refining. However, flotation has the lowest recovery of valuable metals along the processing chain. As a result, small improvements in efficiency in flotation have an enormous benefit to the company's performance. Modelling and simulation play an important role in circuit optimisation, due to the ability to test and examine multiple options in a small amount of time without affecting the operational circuit. Unfortunately flotation is extremely difficult to model and simulate due to the complexity of the mechanism and the large number of variables involved. Whole circuit modelling is even more difficult, for the reasons already mentioned as well as maintaining a consistent mass balance in the face of multiple recycle streams. The purpose of this work is to construct a whole-circuit model of a flotation circuit, and use the model to predict the effect of changes to the flotation circuit. A goal in the construction of the model was to use as few parameters as possible. The work presented in this paper is focused on the regression of the parameters of a first-order kinetic flotation model to actual pilot plant data. The performance of the model was then validated by predicting the behaviour of a modified flotation circuit. The regression showed excellent correlation with actual plant data on a bank by bank basis. Using the regressed parameters directly on a modified circuit configuration, the model was able to predict the circuit behaviour when compared to plant data. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Flotation kinetics; Mass balance smoothing; Plant-wide regression; Recycle streams	Circuit configurations; Flotation kinetics; Mass balance; Modelling and simulations; Plant wides; Recovery of valuable metals; Recycle stream; Regression and prediction; Circuit theory; Forecasting; Metal recovery; Pilot plants; Recycling; Regression analysis; Flotation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922982409	The evaluation of statins as potential inhibitors of the LEDGF/p75-HIV-1 integrase interaction	Harrison A.T., Kriel F.H., Papathanasopoulos M.A., Mosebi S., Abrahams S., Hewer R.	2015	Chemical Biology and Drug Design	85	3	10.1111/cbdd.12384	CMDD, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private bag X3015, Randburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; HIV Pathogenesis Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa	Harrison, A.T., CMDD, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private bag X3015, Randburg, Johannesburg, South Africa, HIV Pathogenesis Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Kriel, F.H., CMDD, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private bag X3015, Randburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Papathanasopoulos, M.A., HIV Pathogenesis Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mosebi, S., CMDD, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private bag X3015, Randburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Abrahams, S., CMDD, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private bag X3015, Randburg, Johannesburg, South Africa, HIV Pathogenesis Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Hewer, R., CMDD, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private bag X3015, Randburg, Johannesburg, South Africa	Lovastatin was identified through virtual screening as a potential inhibitor of the LEDGF/p75-HIV-1 integrase interaction. In an AlphaScreen assay, lovastatin inhibited the purified recombinant protein-protein interaction (IC50 = 1.97 ± 0.45 μM) more effectively than seven other tested statins. None of the eight statins, however, yielded antiviral activity in vitro, while only pravastatin lactone yielded detectable inhibition of HIV-1 integrase strand transfer activity (31.65% at 100 μM). A correlation between lipophilicity and increased cellular toxicity of the statins was observed. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S.	AlphaScreen; HIV-1 integrase; LEDGF/p75; Lovastatin; Statins	antivirus agent; atorvastatin; compactin; cx 05168; fluindostatin; hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor; integrase; intercellular adhesion molecule 1; lens epithelium derived growth factor; lymphocyte function associated antigen 1; mevinolin; pravastatin; protein p75; RANTES; Rho factor; simvastatin; unclassified drug; hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor; integrase; integrase inhibitor; lens epithelium-derived growth factor; p31 integrase protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; recombinant protein; signal peptide; antiviral activity; Article; binding site; cell viability; controlled study; cytotoxicity; dose response; down regulation; drug screening; enzyme activity; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; in vitro study; lipophilicity; priority journal; protein protein interaction; biosynthesis; cell culture; chemistry; cytology; drug effects; drug screening; enzymology; genetics; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; metabolism; mononuclear cell; physiology; protein domain; virus replication; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Cells, Cultured; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; HIV Integrase; HIV Integrase Inhibitors; HIV-1; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Lovastatin; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; Recombinant Proteins; Virus Replication	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-17844394974	Evaluation of microbial communities colonizing stone ballasts at diesel depots	Maila M.P., Cloete T.E.	2005	Environmentalist	24	3	10.1007/s10669-005-6053-0	Cncl. for Sci. and Indust. Research, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Dept. Microbiol. and Plant Pathol., University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Maila, M.P., Cncl. for Sci. and Indust. Research, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Cloete, T.E., Dept. Microbiol. and Plant Pathol., University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	In this study, we evaluated the heterotrophic microbial communities colonising stone ballasts at diesel depots. The number of bacteria (both total culturable heterotrophic bacteria and hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria) was proportional to the level of hydrocarbon contamination. However, there was no significant difference in the level of total culturable heterotrophs (TCHs) and the hydrocarbon degrading bacteria. Addition of nutrients to the ballast stimulated the biological activity and possibly the removal of hydrocarbons. However, this was only evident in the highly contaminated stone ballasts samples. The biological activity was evaluated using CO2 production. The production of CO2 was higher in nutrient amended treatments in which high numbers of TCHs were present. Characterisation of heterotrophic communities using Biolog revealed differences in the microbial metabolic profiles for the different sites. The results suggest that the heterotrophic microbial communities at different diesel depots are different. © 2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.	Diesel depots; Heterotrophic microbial communities; Hydrocarbons; Stone ballasts; Total culturable heterotrophs (TCHs)	ballast water; bioactivity; hydrocarbon; microbial community; Bacteria (microorganisms)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-12344249998	Evaluation of microbial diversity of different soil layers at a contaminated diesel site	Maila M.P., Randima P., Surridge K., Drønen K., Cloete T.E.	2005	International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation	55	1	10.1016/j.ibiod.2004.06.012	Cncl. for Sci. and Indust. Research, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Dept. Microbiol. and Plant Pathol., University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Microbiology, University of Bergen, Jahnebakken 5, N-5020 Bergen, Norway	Maila, M.P., Cncl. for Sci. and Indust. Research, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Randima, P., Cncl. for Sci. and Indust. Research, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Surridge, K., Dept. Microbiol. and Plant Pathol., University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Drønen, K., Department of Microbiology, University of Bergen, Jahnebakken 5, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; Cloete, T.E., Dept. Microbiol. and Plant Pathol., University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	In this study, we evaluated the hydrocarbon removal efficiency and microbial diversity of different soil layers. The soil layers with high counts of recoverable hydrocarbon degrading bacteria had the highest hydrocarbon removal rate compared with soil layers with low counts of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria. Removal efficiency was 48% in the topsoil, compared with 31% and 11% at depths of 1.5 and 1 m, respectively. In the 1 and 1.5 m soil layers, there was no significant difference between total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal in nutrient amended treatments and controls. The respiration rate reflected the difference in the number of bacteria in each soil layer and the availability of nutrients. High O2 consumption corresponded positively with high TPH removal. Analysis of the microbial diversity in the different soil layers using functional diversity (community-level physiological profile, via Biolog) and genetic diversity using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) of 16S rDNA revealed differences in, respectively, substrate utilisation patterns and DGGE profiles of 16S rDNA fragments. Microbial diversity as revealed by DNA fragments was lower in the highly contaminated soil layer (1.5 m) than in the topsoil and at 1 m. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	None	Biodegradation; Biodiversity; Contamination; Hydrocarbons; Nutrition; Soils; Microbial diversity; Nutrients; Respiration rate; Soil layers; Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH); Bacteria; biodegradation; diesel; hydrocarbon; soil microorganism; soil pollution; species diversity; Bacteria (microorganisms)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33847143776	Length Variation of DC-SIGN and L-SIGN Neck-Region has no Impact on Tuberculosis Susceptibility	Barreiro L.B., Neyrolles O., Babb C.L., van Helden P.D., Gicquel B., Hoal E.G., Quintana-Murci L.	2007	Human Immunology	68	2	10.1016/j.humimm.2006.10.020	CNRS FRE2849, Unit of Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Unité de Génétique Mycobactérienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa	Barreiro, L.B., CNRS FRE2849, Unit of Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, Unité de Génétique Mycobactérienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Neyrolles, O., Unité de Génétique Mycobactérienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Babb, C.L., Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; van Helden, P.D., Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Gicquel, B., Unité de Génétique Mycobactérienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Hoal, E.G., Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Quintana-Murci, L., CNRS FRE2849, Unit of Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France	The C-type lectins DC-SIGN and L-SIGN are important pathogen-recognition receptors of the human innate immune system. Both lectins have been shown to interact with a vast range of infectious agents, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiologic agent of tuberculosis in humans. In addition, DC-SIGN and L-SIGN possess a neck region, made up of a variable number of 23 amino acid tandem repeats, which plays a crucial role in the tetramerization of these proteins and support of the carbohydrate recognition domain. The length of the neck region, which shows variable levels of polymorphism, can critically influence the pathogen binding properties of these two receptors. We therefore investigated the impact of the DC-SIGN and L-SIGN neck-region length variation on the outcome of tuberculosis by screening this polymorphism in a large cohort of Coloured South African origin. The analyses of 711 individuals, including 351 tuberculosis patients and 360 healthy controls, revealed that none of the DC-SIGN and L-SIGN neck-region variants or genotypes seems to influence the individual susceptibility to develop tuberculosis. © 2007 American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics.	DC-SIGN; genetics; L-SIGN; neck region; susceptibility; Tuberculosis	CD209 antigen; lectin; pattern recognition receptor; protein L SIGN; tetramer; unclassified drug; article; controlled study; genetic polymorphism; genetic susceptibility; genotype; human; human cell; human tissue; innate immunity; major clinical study; molecular recognition; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; priority journal; receptor binding; tandem repeat; tuberculosis; Adult; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Cohort Studies; Disease Susceptibility; Female; Humans; Lectins, C-Type; Male; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Receptors, Cell Surface; South Africa; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896722850	An evaluation of a new automated duplicate-sample Fischer Assay setup according to ISO/ASTM standards and analysis of the tar fraction	Roets L., Bunt J.R., Neomagus H.W.J.P., Van Niekerk D.	2014	Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis	106	None	10.1016/j.jaap.2014.01.016	Coal Research Group, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North West-University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd, Box 1, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa	Roets, L., Coal Research Group, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North West-University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Bunt, J.R., Coal Research Group, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North West-University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa, Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd, Box 1, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa; Neomagus, H.W.J.P., Coal Research Group, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North West-University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Van Niekerk, D., Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd, Box 1, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa	The ISO 647 standard describes a method for the pyrolysis of coal that quantitatively yields water, gas, tar and char, also known as a Fischer Assay. This method has several limitations i.e. The versatility of the method is limited by the thermal properties of aluminium (the retort material); the result is operator-dependent due to manual manipulation of the retort temperature using a gas generated flame. This study evaluates an alternative method (referred to as the automated Fischer Assay setup), which operates with a pre-programmed heating curve using two stainless steel retorts in an electrical oven. Comparison of the methods indicated a lower tar yield for the automated Fischer Assay method, whilst the water yield increased and the gas and char yields were within the same ranges. The automated Fischer Assay experiments were, however, more repeatable when compared to the standard ISO method. Simulated distillation (simdis) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC-UV) analyses of the tar fractions found no significant differences between the tars from the two methods. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) found the tars of the automated Fischer Assay method to contain more alkyl-phenolic groups, with a decrease in the mixed compounds (compounds that exhibited both aromatic and aliphatic mass peaks in the mass spectra). It is concluded that the new method is more versatile with regard to the operating temperature control and the pre-programmed heat curve. Additionally, it provides an alternative means to generate a Fischer Assay that is not limited by the thermal properties of the retort material. It is noted, that the goal of the study was not to propose a replacement to the current ISO 647 Fischer Assay method, but to establish an automated system that can be used in pyrolysis research (qualitative and quantitative studies). Results showed that this method is adequate for qualitative and quantitative pyrolysis research and can be used as an alternative, less-biased method for ISO 647. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Coal tar; Fischer Assay; Fischer tar; GC/MS; ISO 647; Pyrolysis	Automated systems; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometries (GC-MS); GC/MS; ISO 647; Operating temperature; Quantitative pyrolysis; Quantitative study; Simulated distillation; Coal tar; Distillation; Gas chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Pyrolysis; Size exclusion chromatography; Thermodynamic properties; Automation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873035112	Evaluation of cassava flour in the production of cocoa powder-based biscuits	Gyedu-Akoto E., Laryea D.	2013	Nutrition and Food Science	43	1	10.1108/00346651311295914	Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Department of Food Science and Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Knust-Kumasi, Ghana	Gyedu-Akoto, E., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Laryea, D., Department of Food Science and Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Knust-Kumasi, Ghana	Purpose: The aim of this paper is to promote the local consumption of cassava through its utilization in baked products such as cocoa powder-based biscuits. Design/methodology/approach: Wheat flour was substituted with cassava flour at different levels - 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 percent in the production of cocoa powder-based biscuits. The products obtained were analyzed for protein and ash contents. Sensory analysis was also conducted on the products to determine the optimum level of inclusion of cassava flour. Findings: The incremental addition of cassava flour to the biscuits reduced the sensory and chemical quality of the products. The use of sole cassava flour (100 percent) could not form dough to produce biscuits. However, biscuits with 20 percent cassava flour were found to be most acceptable. Regression analysis of the data showed that the quality of the products depended on their texture and protein content since these attributes had R2 values higher than 0.80. Originality/value: This study was done to determine the potential use of cassava flour in baked products to meet the needs of the dynamic consumer market and also help in the reduction of excess cassava on the Ghanaian market. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Cassava flour; Cocoa powder; Food products; Ghana; Gluten; Lipoprotein matrix; Wheat flour	Manihot esculenta; Theobroma cacao; Triticum aestivum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928806204	The impact of SNP fingerprinting and parentage analysis on the effectiveness of variety recommendations in cacao	Padi F.K., Ofori A., Takrama J., Djan E., Opoku S.Y., Dadzie A.M., Bhattacharjee R., Motamayor J.C., Zhang D.	2015	Tree Genetics and Genomes	11	3	10.1007/s11295-015-0875-9	Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, Box 8, New-Tafo Akim, Ghana; Central Biotechnology Laboratory, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Mars Inc., Hackettstown, NJ, United States; USDA ARS PSI SPCL, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Bldg 050, Rm 100, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD, United States	Padi, F.K., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, Box 8, New-Tafo Akim, Ghana; Ofori, A., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, Box 8, New-Tafo Akim, Ghana; Takrama, J., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, Box 8, New-Tafo Akim, Ghana; Djan, E., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, Box 8, New-Tafo Akim, Ghana; Opoku, S.Y., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, Box 8, New-Tafo Akim, Ghana; Dadzie, A.M., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, Box 8, New-Tafo Akim, Ghana; Bhattacharjee, R., Central Biotechnology Laboratory, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Motamayor, J.C., Mars Inc., Hackettstown, NJ, United States; Zhang, D., USDA ARS PSI SPCL, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Bldg 050, Rm 100, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD, United States	Evidence for the impact of mislabeling and/or pollen contamination on consistency of field performance has been lacking to reinforce the need for strict adherence to quality control protocols in cacao seed garden and germplasm plot management. The present study used SNP fingerprinting at 64 loci to examine the diversity, labeling errors and parentage in 2551 trees obtained from six seed gardens, breeders clone collection and single-cross progenies and a sample of farmers’ trees in Ghana. Clone mislabeling was pervasive, both within the seed garden clones and among clones of the breeders’ active collection. Among the seed garden clones, mislabeled trees were assigned to other parental clones used in the seed garden, pointing to labeling errors prior to planting as the principal cause of mislabeling. Among the breeders’ clone collection, both homonymous and synonymous mislabeling were identified in addition to trees with unique genotypes. This implicates pre-planting labeling errors and rootstocks overtaking budded scions. Parentage analysis supported the Amelonado ancestry of farmers’ varieties but with significant contribution of Upper Amazon introductions. Parentage of recently developed clones and of progenies of controlled crosses showed evidence of both pollen contamination and effects of mislabeled parents. The observed patterns of unexpected parentage had direct effects on the consistency of the variety performance between trials and increased within-plot variability for families with mixed ancestry. The results provide a strong basis for mainstreaming SNP fingerprinting in cacao breeding programs to improve the efficiency of the variety development process. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Diversity; Fingerprinting; Genetic structure; Mislabelling; Theobroma	Theobroma; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919673463	Genotypic Performance of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) during Establishment under Natural Drought Stress	Ofori A., Konlan S., Dadzie M.A., Amoah F.M.	2014	Journal of Crop Improvement	28	6	10.1080/15427528.2014.947529	Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, New Tafo, Ghana	Ofori, A., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, New Tafo, Ghana; Konlan, S., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, New Tafo, Ghana; Dadzie, M.A., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, New Tafo, Ghana; Amoah, F.M., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, New Tafo, Ghana	Forest areas traditionally used for cocoa cultivation are severely stressed, leading to increased mortality in cocoa seedlings during establishment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the drought response of cocoa genotypes under different field establishment stresses during the dry season. A field experiment was conducted in ‘shade’ and ‘no-shade’ by using a split-plot design, with watering and no-watering treatments as main-plots and cocoa genotypes as subplots under natural drought stress. The following traits were measured: stem growth, leaf chlorophyll content, vigor, and percentage survival. The genotype x water treatment interaction was significant (P = 0.05) for stem growth and percentage survival both in shade and no-shade, whereas it was significant (P = 0.05) for vigor only in no-shade and for leaf chlorophyll content only in shade. Principal component analysis classified the 38 genotypes into three groups. These groups were classified as tolerant, moderately tolerant and susceptible to drought stress based on combined traits scores. Some of the best-performing genotypes identified under natural drought stress were: A1/197 x SCA9, AMAZ15/15 x PA13, Pound7, x PA7/808, and A1/197 x T60/887, which can be used as planting materials in denuded areas. © , Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	denuded areas; genotype; seedling survival; traits; vigor	Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350271457	Effects on performance of growing pigs fed diets containing different levels of dried cashew pulp	Oddoye E.O.K., Takrama J.F., Anchirina V., Agyente-Badu K.	2009	Tropical Animal Health and Production	41	7	10.1007/s11250-009-9349-0	Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, New Tafo-Akim, Eastern Region, Ghana	Oddoye, E.O.K., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, New Tafo-Akim, Eastern Region, Ghana; Takrama, J.F., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, New Tafo-Akim, Eastern Region, Ghana; Anchirina, V., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, New Tafo-Akim, Eastern Region, Ghana; Agyente-Badu, K., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, New Tafo-Akim, Eastern Region, Ghana	The purpose was to investigate the use of dried cashew pulp (DrCP), the sun-dried residue after juice has been extracted from the cashew apple, as a feed ingredient in growing pig diets. The growth rate, feed intake, feed to gain ratio and cost of gain of grower pigs fed diets containing 0 (0DrCP), 100 (100DrCP), 150 (150DrCP) or 200 (200DrCP) g kg-1 of dried cashew pulp was investigated in a feeding trial set up as a Completely randomized design with 4 treatments replicated 3 times and lasting 112 days. There were no significant differences (P &gt; 0.05) among treatments in the parameters measured. It was concluded that dried cashew pulp could be used in growing pig diets up to a level of 200 g kg-1 without any deleterious effects. Future work will look at higher levels of DrCP inclusion in the diets of growing pigs. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V 2009.	Cashew; Dried cashew pulp; Feeding trial; Growing pigs	animal; animal disease; animal food; article; cashew nut; diet; economics; Ghana; growth, development and aging; swine; Anacardium; Animal Feed; Animals; Diet; Ghana; Sus scrofa; Anacardium occidentale; Malus x domestica; Suidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855758508	Lameness in dairy cattle: Prevalence, risk factors and impact on milk production	Sulayeman M., Fromsa A.	2012	Global Veterinaria	8	1	None	College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	Sulayeman, M., College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Fromsa, A., College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	The importance of lameness has increased as it became one of the greatest insults to the productivity of dairy cattle and took the third place in causing economic loss to dairy farmers next to infertility and mastitis. However, it is among the most neglected and least studied dairy problems in Ethiopia. This observational and repeated cross-sectional study was carried out on 432 dairy cattle that belonged to 23 randomly selected farms from Hawasa town to determine the prevalence of lameness, identify the associated risk factors and assess the effect on milk production. The result showed an overall lameness prevalence of 3.5%. Lameness of one or more animal was detected in 11 (47.83%) of the 23 visited farms. Milking status, pregnancy, feeding, floor type, length of rough track, frequency of floor cleaning, age, sex and herd size were considered as risk factors and statistically tested. All the risk factors except milking status were not significantly associated with lameness (P>0.05). Lameness was more frequent in hind limbs (2.8%) than in forelimbs (0.7%). In milking dairy cows, the mean daily milk yield was significantly reduced after the onset of lameness. The study showed that lameness is an economically important dairy herd problem. Therefore, prevention or early diagnosis and treatment of lameness in cows at all stages of lactation should be part of dairy farm management practice. © IDOSI Publications, 2012.	Dairy cattle; Lameness; Prevalence; Risk factors	Animalia; Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875987666	Early-Stage Performance of Cocoa Clones Relative to Their Progenitor Ortets: Implications for Large-Scale Clone Selection	Padi F.K., Takrama J., Opoku S.Y., Dadzie A.M., Assuah M.K.	2013	Journal of Crop Improvement	27	3	10.1080/15427528.2013.768319	Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, New-Tafo, Akim, Ghana	Padi, F.K., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, New-Tafo, Akim, Ghana; Takrama, J., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, New-Tafo, Akim, Ghana; Opoku, S.Y., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, New-Tafo, Akim, Ghana; Dadzie, A.M., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, New-Tafo, Akim, Ghana; Assuah, M.K., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, New-Tafo, Akim, Ghana	Clone development in cocoa is an essential step and a long-term goal in crop improvement programs. Selection theory suggests that ortet selection within high-yielding families will lead to development of productive clones. The present study aims to verify the relationship between clones and their progenitor ortets and source families for yield. Eight clones obtained from four families (two ortets per family) and five clones used as parents for these families were evaluated at two locations. Though a positive correlation for tree vigor was observed between the two locations, genotype × location interaction was indicated by rank changes for two of the 13 clones. A significant genetic correlation (rg = 0.76) was observed between vigor and yield. Ranking of ortets and of source families for yield was different from that of their descendant clones; ranking for vigor was, however, consistent between clones and progenitor ortets. Ortets that had high juvenile-stage vigor produced clones with the highest bean yields. Clones descended from the same family were similar in both vigor and yield, indicating that within-family genetic variances were low. The present results provided evidence that ortet selection for yield will be more effective in families where the progenitor clones combine good phenotypic value and favorable general combining ability for vigor and yield. Selecting within families based solely on the yield ranking of the families without considering these attributes of the progenitor clones will lead to less than expected genetic gains. © Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	bean yield; trunk cross-sectional area; vigor	Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-20744436885	Evaluation of aluminium phosphide against house mice (Musmusculus) in Ghana	Adu-Acheampong R., Sarfo J.E., Avemegah R., Odzawo V.	2005	Tests of Agrochemicals and Cultivars	None	26	None	Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, Tafo-Akim, Ghana; Quality Control Division, COCOBOD, Takoradi, Ghana	Adu-Acheampong, R., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, Tafo-Akim, Ghana; Sarfo, J.E., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, Tafo-Akim, Ghana; Avemegah, R., Quality Control Division, COCOBOD, Takoradi, Ghana; Odzawo, V., Quality Control Division, COCOBOD, Takoradi, Ghana	[No abstract available]	Aluminium phosphide; Control; Gastoxin; House mice	Mus musculus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054008736	Evaluation of some robusta coffee (Coffea canephora pierre ex a. Froehner) clones for optimal density planting in Ghana	Anim-Kwapong G.J., Anim-Kwapong E., Oppong F.K.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	1	None	Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. BOX 8, New Tafo-Akim, Ghana	Anim-Kwapong, G.J., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. BOX 8, New Tafo-Akim, Ghana; Anim-Kwapong, E., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. BOX 8, New Tafo-Akim, Ghana; Oppong, F.K., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. BOX 8, New Tafo-Akim, Ghana	Increasing productivity is a main objective in Robusta coffee improvement in Ghana. A field trial was established in 1998 to evaluate the potential of ten Robusta coffee clones for optimal density planting, at the experimental field of the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana sub-station, Afosu. The clones were evaluated at three planting densities (1667, 2222 and 2667 trees ha -1) in a split plot design with three replicates, for yield and five vegetative traits namely: stem diameter, crown diameter, orthotropic internodes length, plagiotropic internodes length and number of bearing nodes per plagiotropic branch. Highly significant (P &lt; 0.00) interaction effects were observed for all parameters measured. The highest yields (averaging 1289.5 kg ha -1 year -1) were obtained from the highest planting density with clones 197, A129, B191, 181, and A115. These clones also had a relatively compact growth habit (smaller stem diameter and shorter plagiotropic and orthotropic internode lengths) compared to the other five clones (E152, B96, E138, E139 and B36). The findings suggest that productivity increases in Robusta coffee could be achieved through the use of planting materials which combine compact growth habit and high harvest potential in close spacing planting scheme. © 2010 Academic Journals.	High density planting; Robusta coffee clones; Vegetative vigour; Yield potential	Coffea canephora; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-68049089781	The rooting performance of shea (Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn) cuttings leached in water and application of rooting hormone in different media	Yeboah J., Lowor S.T., Amoah F.M.	2009	Journal of Plant Sciences	4	1	10.3923/jps.2009.10.14	Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. Box 8, Tafo-Akim, Ghana	Yeboah, J., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. Box 8, Tafo-Akim, Ghana; Lowor, S.T., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. Box 8, Tafo-Akim, Ghana; Amoah, F.M., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. Box 8, Tafo-Akim, Ghana	In order to improve the rooting performance of shea stem cuttings to enhance the establislunent of shea plantation, an investigation was carried out in 2003/2004 at the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana Substation, Bole in a polythene propagator. The propagating structures for the experiment were kept under a shade net (50% shade) to create a microclimate for the cuttings. The treatments employed were leaching, different growth media and hormone application. Rejuvenated (coppiced cuttings) shoots that were not leached (not dipped in water) gave significantly higher rooting than the leached cuttings while Seradix 3 powder applied cuttings produced significantly higher (p<0.05) rooting than the control. Significantly high in number, more developed and longer roots per cutting were recorded for the rice husk medium than the sand and sand-top soil (1: 1) media. The biochemical analysis significantly recorded high levels of sugar and phenol for cuttings that were not leached in water. The results of this study demonstrated that rice husk medium was the best for rooting shea cuttings. © 2009 Academic Journals Inc.	Phenol; Rice husk medium; Sand; Sand+top soil; Sugar	Theobroma cacao; Vitellaria paradoxa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349130706	The rooting performance of shea (Vitellaria paradoxa gaertn) stem cuttings as influenced by wood type, sucrose and rooting hormone	Yeboah J., Lowor S.T., Amoah F.M.	2009	Scientific Research and Essays	4	5	None	Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. Box 8, Tafo-Akim, Ghana	Yeboah, J., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. Box 8, Tafo-Akim, Ghana; Lowor, S.T., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. Box 8, Tafo-Akim, Ghana; Amoah, F.M., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. Box 8, Tafo-Akim, Ghana	Vegetative propagation of stem cuttings of different physiological woodtypes of Vitellaria paradoxa was studied in a polythene propagator. The treatments included combinations of wood type (soft, semi-hard and rejuvenated (coppiced) shoots), sucrose application at 0, 15 and 25%, and Seradix '3' powder hormone (active ingredient- indolebutyricacid) at 0 and 8000 ppm. Cuttings of rejuvenated shoots dipped in 15% sucrose solution gave significantly higher rooting and longer roots than both softwood and semihardwood. High levels (P < 0.05) of soluble sugars and total free phenols were recorded for coppiced cuttings which resulted in better rooting performance than the other wood types. Cuttings dipped in Seradix '3' powder hormone significantly recorded higher rooting than the control (no hormone). © 2009 Academic Journals.	Cuttings; Rooting; Rooting hormone; Sucrose; Vitellaria paradoxa gaertn	Vitellaria paradoxa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052923002	Impact of pesticides use on heavy metals pollution in cocoa soils of cross-river state, Nigeria	Ogunlade M.O., Agbeniyi S.O.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	16	None	Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P. M. B. 5244, Ibadan,Oyo State, Nigeria	Ogunlade, M.O., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P. M. B. 5244, Ibadan,Oyo State, Nigeria; Agbeniyi, S.O., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P. M. B. 5244, Ibadan,Oyo State, Nigeria	The high incidence of phytophthora pod rot and mirids resulting from high rainfall and relative humidity in cocoa producing areas of Nigeria necessitated the use of fungicides and other pesticides on cocoa. This is causing increased worldwide concern about heavy metal contamination of the soil environment and cocoa beans. Thus the objective of this study is to evaluate the status of some heavy metals in selected cocoa farms in Ikom, Etung and Boki local government areas of Cross River State-the highest cocoa producing state in eastern Nigeria, where farmers use a lot of pesticides to combat pests and diseases. The results indicated that the soil contents of the heavy metals were in the order (Cr > Pb > Co > Ni > Se > Cd > As) in the selected farms evaluated in the three local government areas. The values ranged between 0.88 and 1.33 mg/kg for chromium and between 0.59 and 0.86 mg/kg for lead. The soil contents of the heavy metals in the adjacent forest were similar to that obtained in the cocoa farms. The values of chromium ranged between 1.01 and 1.02 mg/kg soil while that of lead ranged between 0.5 and 0.74 mg/kg soil in adjacent forest. This suggests that heavy metal contents of the soils in the cocoa farms evaluated were not primarily due to chemicals being sprayed but probably naturally occurring. Their concentrations were also below the optimum limit allowed in the soil. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Cocoa plantation; Cocoa soils; Cross river state; Heavy metals; Lead	Miridae; Phytophthora; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960393924	Effect of cocoa pod husk ash and goat dung on nutrient content and growth performance of cashew (Anacardium occidentale)	Adejobi K.B., Famaye A.O., Adeniyi D.O., Orisajo S.B., Adeyemi E.A.	2011	Advances in Environmental Biology	5	7	None	Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Adejobi, K.B., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Famaye, A.O., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Adeniyi, D.O., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Orisajo, S.B., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Adeyemi, E.A., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	The effect of different levels of cocoa pod husk ash and goat dung on nutrient uptake and growth performance of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) seedlings was investigated at Ibadan in the rain forest zone of Nigeria. The organic fertilizer treatments; cocoa pod husk ash(CPHA) and goat dung(GD) were applied at 6.5g of CPHA (5t/ha), 25g of GD (20t/ha) 12.5g of GD +6.5g of CPHA (10+5t/ha) 18.75g of GD + 6.5g of CPHA (15t+6.5t/ha), 25g of GD + 6.5g of CPHA (20t+5t/ha) 6.5g of GD+6.5g of CPHA (5t+5t/ha), 0.6g of urea (400kg/ha), per 2.5 kg of soil filled poly bag. The results showed that these organic fertilizers increased significantly (p<0.05) the growth parameters (plant height, stem diameter, leaf area leaf number, number of branch, root and shoot length, root and shoot dry weight and root and shoot fresh weight), soil and leaf N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na soil pH and organic matter (O.M) compared to the control treatment. 20 t/ha of GD + 5 tons/ha of CPHA treatment had the highest values of cashew seedlings performance compared to 5t/ha CPHA, 20t/ha GD, 400kg / ha urea, and the control treatment respectively. For instance, combined application of 20t/ha of GD +5t/ha of CPHA increased the plant height, number of leaf, leaf area, stem diameter, number of branch, root and shoot length, fresh and dry root weight,fresh and dry shoot weight of cashew seedlings by 45%, 29%, 12%, 52%, 59%,34%, 32%, 14%, 14%, 33% and 17% respectively compared to sole application of 20 tons/ha of GD. When compared with urea fertilizer application, 20t/ha GD+5t/ha CPHA treatment also increased the plant height, number of leaf, leaf area, stem diameter, number of branch, root and shoot length, dry and fresh root weight, dry and fresh shoot weight of cashew seeding by 25%, 28% 9%,46%,59%,19%,18%,32%,14%,6% and 13% respectively. For leaf chemical composition of cashew seedlings, 20t/ha GD and 5t CPHA increased leaf N, P, K, Mg, Ca and Na by 57%, 22%, 27%,28%, 50%, and 56% respectively compared with the control. When compared with urea fertilizer treatment, 20t/ha of GD + 5 t/ ha of CPHA increased the leaf N, P, K, Mg and Ca by 18%,56%, 10% 12% and 20%, respectively. However, urea fertilizer increased leaf N, K, and Ca by 48%, 19%, and 38% compared to control treatment. For soil chemical composition, 20t/ha GD 5t/ha CPHA manure also increased the soil pH, OC, OM, N,P, K, Na, Mg and Ca by 18%,26%, 29%, 50%, 80%, 43%, 30%, 14%, and 9% respectively compared to urea fertilizer treatment. However, 20%t/ha GD + 5t/ha CPHA (25g GD+6.5g CPHA) was the most effective treatment in improving cashew seedlings performance, soil and leaf mineral composition. Therefore it could be recommended to cashew farmers.	Cashew; Cocoa pod husk ash; Goat dung; Growth; Nutrient uptake	Anacardium occidentale; Capra hircus; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36649026694	Evaluation of the susceptibility of local cocoa germplasms in Nigeria to Phytophthora pod rot disease using the leaf discs technique	Otuonye A.H., Adeoti A.Y.A., Agbeniyi S.O., Aikpokpodion P.O., Enikomehin O., Popoola T.O.	2007	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	5	04-Mar	None	Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Otuonye, A.H., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Adeoti, A.Y.A., University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Agbeniyi, S.O., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Aikpokpodion, P.O., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Enikomehin, O., University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Popoola, T.O., University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	The Phytophthora pod rot disease constitutes a major threat to cocoa cultivation in all cocoa-growing regions worldwide. It is one of the most important diseases limiting the attainment of genetic yield potential of this tree crop. Though available, chemical control methods are often expensive and beyond the reach of peasant farmers that produce more than 95% of Nigeria crop. Also, the limited knowledge of rational chemical application among rural farmers and the adverse effect on the environment makes it an unfriendly approach. Breeding commercially viable resistant cacao genotypes have been advocated to be the most durable control approach against the Phytophthora pod rot. Towards achieving this objective, promising cacao materials were selected from the gene pool in Cocoa Research Institute ofNigeria (CRIN) Headquarters, Ibadan. Screening of these eight selected cocoa clones with four isolates of Phytophthora megakarya of known aggressiveness in combination-NGRI4, using the leaf discs inoculation method at standard inoculum concentration of zoospores of 3 x 105 ml-1 was carried out. Results showed that T12/5 was resistant, while clones T17/11 and T86/2 are moderately resistant. The other clones, T85/5, T85/45 and T20/11, were moderately susceptible. It is therefore suggested that clone T12/5 be integrated into the resistance breeding effort against Phytophthora pod rot.	Aggressiveness; Clones; Cocoa; Isolate; Phytophthora megakarya; Resistant; Screening	Phytophthora; Phytophthora megakarya; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-60349111330	Evaluation of resistance in selected cocoa genotypes to the brown cocoa mirid, Sahlbergella singularis Haglund in Nigeria	Anikwe J.C., Omoloye A.A., Aikpokpodion P.O., Okelana F.A., Eskes A.B.	2009	Crop Protection	28	4	10.1016/j.cropro.2008.11.014	Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Idi-Ayunre, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Bioversity International, URAD, Agropolis, France	Anikwe, J.C., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Idi-Ayunre, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Omoloye, A.A., Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Aikpokpodion, P.O., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Idi-Ayunre, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Okelana, F.A., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Idi-Ayunre, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Eskes, A.B., Bioversity International, URAD, Agropolis, France	The use of host-plant resistance is the most economic and ecologically sound option for the control of the most important insect pest of cocoa, Sahlbergella singularis leaving no deleterious side effects on the produce and the environment. 44 genotypes comprising 24 hybrids and 20 clones were assessed for antixenosis whereas 25 and 28 genotypes were tested for antibiosis and tolerance, respectively. The brown cocoa mirids showed significant non-preference for genotypes T65/7xT57/22, T65/7xT9/15, P7xPa150, T53/5xN38, T53/5xT12/11, T65/35xT30/13, F3 Amazon, T86/2xT16/17, T65/7xT53/8, T86/2xT65/35, T82/27xT16/17, T9/15, T12/5, T30/13, C77, T53/8, T53/5, EET59, Pa150, UF 676, Amaz15-15, BE 10, SPEC54 and Pa107. Mirid survival (antibiosis) was lowest in EET59 (28.7%) while it ranged from 52.2 to 67.8% in genotypes BE10, Amaz15-15, SPEC54, UF 676, P7xPa150, and Pa107. The indigenous clone N38 had the highest number of lesions of 12.2 in the field while EET59, IFC-5, Playa Alta, BE10, Amaz15-15 and SPEC54 had mirid lesions of 2.7, 3.3, 5.2, 5.3, 5.5 and 5.5; respectively. However, in terms of recovery from mirid damage and dieback progression which were important parameters assessed in tolerance, Clones ICS1, EET59, BE 10, Amaz15-15, SPEC54 and Pa 102 showed highest rate of recovery from mirid damage and lowest dieback progression. Clones UF 676, C77, Pa150 and F3 Amazon also showed moderate recovery from mirid damage with mean scores of 1.2, 2.3, 1.6, 1.4, 1.7, 1.4 and 1.5, respectively. UF 676, C77, Pa150 and F3 Amazon performed moderately well in terms of tolerance. Some of these genotypes such as BE10, Amaz15-15, SPEC54, UF 676, P7xPa150, and Pa107 were very consistent in all mechanisms of resistance tested and therefore adjudged as resistant cocoa genotypes. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Antibiosis; Antixenosis; Cocoa genotypes; Sahlbergella singularis; Tolerance	clone; cocoa; genotype; host plant; pest resistance; testing method; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Hexapoda; Miridae; Sahlbergella singularis; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33645385128	Clonal evaluation of vegetatively propagated half-node cuttings of Coffea canephora	Famaye A.O., Oloyede A.A., Ayegboyin K.O.	2006	Tropical Science	46	1	10.1002/ts.10	Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5244, Ibadan, Nigeria	Famaye, A.O., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5244, Ibadan, Nigeria; Oloyede, A.A., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5244, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ayegboyin, K.O., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5244, Ibadan, Nigeria	Of five high-yielding clones of robusta coffee, half-node cuttings of C36, C96, C108 and C111 sprouted, rooted and grew well. T1049 was markedly inferior, but the half-node technique could be used. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Clonal evaluation; Coffee; Cutting; Half-node; Robusta	Coffea canephora	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883514870	Impact of soil erosion associated factors on available feed resources for free-ranging cattle at three altitude regions: Measurements and perceptions	Yisehak K., Belay D., Taye T., Janssens G.P.J.	2013	Journal of Arid Environments	98	None	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2013.07.012	College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heide Straat 19, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium	Yisehak, K., College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; Belay, D., College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; Taye, T., College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; Janssens, G.P.J., Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heide Straat 19, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium	The study was conducted to assess the status and trends of soil erosion and relate the perceptions of farmers on cattle productivity and botanical indicators to measured ecological conditions of rangelands in three altitude regions of southwest Ethiopia. A total of 342 farmers were interviewed. In addition, the ecological condition of rangelands was assessed. Severe soil erosion, ranked as the primary restriction to free-ranging livestock, occurred predominantly in the lower altitude region (LAR) (. P<0.05). More farmers in LAR witnessed an inadequacy of palatable plant biomass, grazable pasture as well as increased gully formation and expansion, which are strong indicators of soil erosion (. P<0.001). In addition to a decrease in grass cover and productivity of cattle, botanical composition, species richness and grazing capacity of herbaceous plants, less fodder trees and shrubs were observed (. P<0.05). There was a corresponding increase in the percentage of bare ground and soil erosion status along the degradation gradients (. P<0.05). The reported shift in botanical composition, and especially encroachment of invading plant species, can be attributed to soil erosion (. P<0.001). The results suggest that erosion is associated with reduced availability of feed resources and is related to altitude variation. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Botanical composition; Cattle; Feed resources; Gilgel Gibe; Overgrazing; Soil erosion	altitude; biomass; cattle; community dynamics; farmers attitude; food availability; nature-society relations; overgrazing; palatability; pasture; perception; productivity; rangeland; soil erosion; Ethiopia; Gilgel Gibe River	None
None	None	First-generation undergraduate students and the impacts of the first year of college: Additional evidence	Padgett R.D., Johnson M.P., Pascarella E.T.	2012	Journal of College Student Development	53	2	None	Co-Curricular Assessment and Research, Northern Kentucky University, Division of Student Affairs, UC330-A Nunn Drive, Highland Heights, KY 41076, United States; United States Agency for International Development(USAID), Tanzania; Mary Louise Petersen Chair in Higher Education, The University of Iowa, United States	Padgett, R.D., Co-Curricular Assessment and Research, Northern Kentucky University, Division of Student Affairs, UC330-A Nunn Drive, Highland Heights, KY 41076, United States; Johnson, M.P., United States Agency for International Development(USAID), Tanzania; Pascarella, E.T., Mary Louise Petersen Chair in Higher Education, The University of Iowa, United States	Using longitudinal data from the Wabash National Study of Liberal Arts Education, our findings suggest that first-generation students are at a significant disadvantage across cognitive and psychosocial outcomes compared to students whose parents have at least some postsecondary education. Furthermore, we tested for the conditional effects of good practices on firstyear outcomes and found that effects of good practices on both cognitive and psychosocial outcomes differed in magnitude, and sometimes in direction, for first-generation versus non-firstgeneration students.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84889656263	The impact of physical exercise on convergent and divergent thinking	Colzato L.S., Szapora A., Pannekoek J.N., Hommel B.	2013	Frontiers in Human Neuroscience	7	DEC	10.3389/fnhum.2013.00824	Cognitive Psychology Unit, Institute for Psychological Research and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Leiden University Medical Centre and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands	Colzato, L.S., Cognitive Psychology Unit, Institute for Psychological Research and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands; Szapora, A., Cognitive Psychology Unit, Institute for Psychological Research and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands; Pannekoek, J.N., Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Leiden University Medical Centre and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands; Hommel, B., Cognitive Psychology Unit, Institute for Psychological Research and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands	Anecdotal literature suggests that creative people sometimes use bodily movement to help overcome mental blocks and lack of inspiration. Several studies have shown that physical exercise may sometimes enhance creative thinking, but the evidence is still inconclusive. In this study we investigated whether creativity in convergent-and divergent-thinking tasks is affected by acute moderate and intense physical exercise in athletes (n = 48) and non-athletes (n = 48). Exercise interfered with divergent thinking in both groups. The impact on convergent thinking, the task that presumably required more cognitive control, depended on the training level: while in non-athletes performance was significantly impaired by exercise, athletes showed a benefit that approached significance. The findings suggest that acute exercise may affect both, divergent and convergent thinking. In particular, it seems to affect control-hungry tasks through exercise-induced ego-depletion, which however is less pronounced in individuals with higher levels of physical fitness, presumably because of the automatization of movement control, fitness-related neuroenergetic benefits, or both. © 2013 Colzato, Szapora, Pannekoek and Hommel.	Convergent thinking; Creativity; Divergent thinking; Fitness; Physical exercise	adult; article; athlete; controlled study; convergent thinking; creativity; divergent thinking; executive function; exercise; female; human; human experiment; male; normal human; task performance; thinking; training; young adult	None
WoS	WOS:000283087500005	Approaches to the Evaluation and Assessment of Students in Clothing Practical Work in Colleges of Agriculture in Northern Nigeria	Usman, V. A.	2010	JOURNAL OF HOME ECONOMICS RESEARCH	12	None	None	Coll Agr	None	This study was carried out in Northern Nigeria to determine the general clothing construction skills and processes to be evaluated and evaluation procedures and techniques used by teachers of clothing. Six out of thirteen Colleges of Agriculture were randomly selected for the study. The entire 52 clothing teachers in the department of Home and Rural Economics were involved in the study. This consists of 32 lecturers and 18 instructors. Structured questionnaire was used for the data collection. Data were analyzed using mean scores and t-test at 0.05 level of significance. The major findings include 13 clothing construction skills and processes always evaluated and 11 evaluation procedures and techniques always used by the teachers of clothing in Colleges of Agriculture in Northern Nigeria. Based on these findings, recommendations were made.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-17444377595	Performance of pullet chicks fed raw or processed pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) seed meal diets	Amaefule K.U., Obioha F.C.	2005	Livestock Research for Rural Development	17	3	None	Coll. of Anim. Sci. and Anim. Health, Michael Okpara Univ. Agric., Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Amaefule, K.U., Coll. of Anim. Sci. and Anim. Health, Michael Okpara Univ. Agric., Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Obioha, F.C., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	An experiment was conducted with 150 black Bovan Nera pullets to evaluate the performance of pullet chicks fed raw or processed pigeon pea seed meal (PSM) diets. Pullets were fed 10% PSM-based diets for 8 weeks. The seeds were either raw or processed (toasted for 30 minutes, boiled for 30 minutes, or soaked in water for 24 hours). Each treatment was replicated three times, with 10 pullets per replicate. The layout of the experiment was a completely randomized design (CRD). The experimental diets were isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. Parameters measured were feed intake, weight gain and feed cost. The results showed that pullets fed 10% raw or processed PSM diets did not differ significantly (P>0.05) in all the performance parameters. PSM diets significantly (P<0.05) reduced total feed cost. It was concluded that PSM is a good protein source for pullets and that 10% raw or processed PSM could be incorporated into pullet chick diets.	Performance; Pigeon pea; Processsing; Pullets; Raw seeds	Cajan; Cajanus cajan; Columba; Gallus gallus; Pisum sativum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956325523	The role and impact of Non-Academics Staff Union (NASU) in two Nigerian universities	Adeniji M.A., Adekunjo O.A.	2010	Library Philosophy and Practice	2010	MAR	None	College Librarian, College of Engineering and Technology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun State, Nigeria; Dept of Library and Information Science, Ambrose Alii University, Ekpoma, Nigeria	Adeniji, M.A., College Librarian, College of Engineering and Technology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun State, Nigeria; Adekunjo, O.A., Dept of Library and Information Science, Ambrose Alii University, Ekpoma, Nigeria	[No abstract available]	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907190446	Impact of variety type and particle size distribution on starch enzymatic hydrolysis and functional properties of tef flours	Abebe W., Collar C., Ronda F.	2014	Carbohydrate Polymers	115	None	10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.08.080	College of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Valladolid, Av. Madrid 57, Palencia, Spain; Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Food Science Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Avenida Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, Paterna, Valencia, Spain	Abebe, W., College of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Valladolid, Av. Madrid 57, Palencia, Spain, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Collar, C., Food Science Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Avenida Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, Paterna, Valencia, Spain; Ronda, F., College of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Valladolid, Av. Madrid 57, Palencia, Spain	Tef grain is becoming very attractive in the Western countries since it is a gluten-free grain with appreciated nutritional advantages. However there is little information of its functional properties and starch digestibility and how they are affected by variety type and particle size distribution. This work evaluates the effect of the grain variety and the mill used on tef flour physico-chemical and functional properties, mainly derived from starch behavior. In vitro starch digestibility of the flours by Englyst method was assessed. Two types of mills were used to obtain whole flours of different granulation. Rice and wheat flours were analyzed as references. Protein molecular weight distribution and flour structure by SEM were also analyzed to justify some of the differences found among the cereals studied. Tef cultivar and mill type exhibited important effect on granulation, bulking density and starch damage, affecting the processing performance of the flours and determining the hydration and pasting properties. The color was darker although one of the white varieties had a lightness near the reference flours. Different granulation of tef flour induced different in vitro starch digestibility. The disc attrition mill led to higher starch digestibility rate index and rapidly available glucose, probably as consequence of a higher damaged starch content. The results confirm the adequacy of tef flour as ingredient in the formulation of new cereal based foods and the importance of the variety and the mill on its functional properties. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Functional properties; In vitro starch digestibility; Milling; Tef	Functional properties; In-vitro; Tef; Variety types; Milling (machining); enzyme; starch; vegetable protein; cereal; chemistry; digestion; flour; food handling; hydrolysis; mechanics; metabolism; particle size; pigmentation; Cereals; Digestion; Enzymes; Flour; Food Handling; Hydrolysis; Mechanical Processes; Particle Size; Pigmentation; Plant Proteins; Starch	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84962343707	In-core power prediction and effects of average core temperature on miniature neutron source reactor's core performance	Anas M.S., Ahmed Y.A., Rabiu N., Agbo S.A., Balarabe B.	2015	International Journal of Nuclear Energy Science and Technology	9	4	10.1504/IJNEST.2015.075482	College of Agriculture and Animal Science Mando, Division of Agricultural Colleges, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Centre for Energy Research and Training, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Physics Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zar	Anas, M.S., College of Agriculture and Animal Science Mando, Division of Agricultural Colleges, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Ahmed, Y.A., Centre for Energy Research and Training, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Rabiu, N., Physics Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Agbo, S.A., Physics Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Balarabe, B., Physics Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	The results of the measurement obtained revealed that the coolant temperature difference is approximately uniform over the period of operation with an average value of 12.1°C for experiments performed at half power and 19.5°C for operation at full power. The average core temperature of the reactor was found to have mean values of 19.8°C and 44.3°C at half and full power levels respectively. The average value for the predicted power of the reactor at half and full flux was found to be 14.9 kW and 31.30 kW respectively. The variation of the inlet temperature (Tin) and coolant temperature (ÄT) with the reactor power was also investigated and the results show that the thermohydraulic parameters dictate the power level but have no significant influence on power excursion, coolant boiling and radiation exposure of personnel. © 2015 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	miniature neutron source reactor; MNSR; Nigeria Research Reactor - 1; NIRR-1; Thermo-hydraulic	Coolants; Miniature neutron source reactor; MNSR; Nigeria; NIRR-1; Thermo-hydraulic; Neutron sources	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-73449094941	Phytochemical screening and evaluation of some medicinal plants for their in vitro activities on Trypanosoma evansi	Adeiza A.A., Maikai V.A., Hassan F.B.	2009	Journal of Medicinal Plants Research	3	4	None	College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Mando Road, Kaduna, Nigeria	Adeiza, A.A., College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Mando Road, Kaduna, Nigeria; Maikai, V.A., College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Mando Road, Kaduna, Nigeria; Hassan, F.B., College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Mando Road, Kaduna, Nigeria	In an attempt to search for new eco-friendly trypanocidal drugs, water and methanol extracts were prepared from three medicinal plants used by herbalists in Nigeria for the treatment of malaria and other ailments. The different portions of the extracts were incubated at various concentrations, 2, 4, 8, 10 mg/ml with Trypanosoma evansi. The results revealed that Khaya senegalensis and Anonna senegalensis were able to immobilize the parasites at 10 mg/ml while Prosopis africana did not show any activity. Phytochemical profile of the plants showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponnins and cardiac glycosides. The results obtained with these crude extracts showed that these plants are potential sources of trypanocidal drugs/chemical leads. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Anonna senegalensis; Antitrypanosomal activity; Khaya senegalensis; Prosopis africana; Trypanosoma evansi	alkaloid derivative; Anonna senegalensis extract; cardiac glycoside; flavonoid; Khaya senegalensis extract; methanol; plant extract; prosopis africana extract; saponin derivative; tannin derivative; unclassified drug; water; Anonna senegalensis; antiprotozoal activity; article; chemical composition; concentration response; controlled study; drug isolation; drug screening; immobilization; in vitro study; Khaya senegalensis; medicinal plant; Nigeria; nonhuman; phytochemistry; prosopis africana; Trypanosoma evansi; Annona; Khaya senegalensis; Prosopis africana; Trypanosoma evansi	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34447530889	Effects of shade provision on some physiological parameters, behavior and performance of pack donkeys (Equinus asinus) during the hot-dry season	Minka N.S., Ayo J.O.	2007	Journal of Equine Science	18	2	10.1294/jes.18.39	College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B 2134, Mando Kaduna, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Minka, N.S., College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B 2134, Mando Kaduna, Nigeria; Ayo, J.O., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	This study examined the effects of shade provision on some physiological parameters and draft performance of pack donkeys (Equinus asinus) during the packing period of the hot-dry season. Ten donkeys provided with shelter in the form of an open-sided shade after packing work served as the experimental animals. Another ten donkeys not provided with shade served as the control. Rectal temperature (RT, °C), heart rate (HR, beats per minute) and respiratory rate (RR, breaths per minute) recorded pre- and post- packing indicated that unshaded donkeys had significantly (P<0.05) higher values than shaded donkeys pre- and post-packing. The frequency of lying bouts per unshaded donkey was higher in the (P<0.05) pre- and post-packing periods; while the time spent by the donkeys lying down was lower (P<0.01) in unshaded donkeys than the shaded donkeys, apparently due to the high (53.5 ± 0.1-55.2 ± 0.3°C) soil temperature. The percent change in RT, HR, RR and liveweight loss values was higher (P<0.05) in unshaded donkeys. The change rate in behavioral values, except for the frequency of lying down and the donkeys speed, was not different (P>0.05) between the shaded and unshaded donkeys. The pack load and the distance covered by the donkeys in both groups were not significantly (P>0.05) different. The speed of shaded donkeys was significantly (P<0.05) faster than that of the unshaded donkeys during packing. Packing increased (P<0.05) the time spent by the donkeys in eating and drinking in both groups. In conclusion, the provision of shade during the hot-dry season alleviates work and heat stress and enhances work productivity in pack donkeys.	Pack donkeys; Performance; Physiological parameters; Shading	Animalia; Equus asinus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955035060	Reproductive performances and survival of Washera sheep under traditional management systems at yilmanadensa and Quarit districts of the Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia	Taye M., Abebe G., Lemma S., Gizaw S., Mekoya A., Tibbo M.	2011	Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances	10	9	10.3923/javaa.2011.1158.1165	College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 830, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Awassa, Ethiopia; Debreberhan Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 112, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), P.O. Box 5466, Hadya Aleppo, Syria, Ethiopia	Taye, M., College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 830, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Awassa, Ethiopia; Abebe, G., Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Awassa, Ethiopia; Lemma, S., Debreberhan Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 112, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia; Gizaw, S., Debreberhan Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 112, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia; Mekoya, A., Debreberhan Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 112, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia; Tibbo, M., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), P.O. Box 5466, Hadya Aleppo, Syria, Ethiopia	On-farm data were collected to evaluate reproductive performance and survival of Washera sheep raised under traditional smallholder production systems in the North-Western highlands of the Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. The data were from flocks of 110 households from October, 2004 to September, 2007. Mean age and weight at first lambing were 464.2±14.0 days and 24.7±0.5 kg, respectively. None of the fixed effects considered affected age at first lambing although, weight at first lambing was affected (p<0.05) by district and parity. Ewes from primiparous ewes and from Quarit district had heavier weight at their first lambing. Lambing interval (269±6.2 days) was affected by district, lambing season, parity and birth type. The average number of lambs per ewe lambing was 1.19±0.02 and varied (p<0.0001) with lambing year and postpartum ewe body weight. Mean postpartum ewe body weight was 31.0±0.2 kg and influenced (p<0.01) by district, year, season, parity and type of birth. Cumulative survival from birth to 30, 90, 180, 270 and 365 days was 98.4±0.6, 93.6±0.9, 91.2±1.1, 90.0±l .2 and 89.9±1.2 days, respectively. Except at the age of 30 days, district, season, birth type and birth weight affected (p<0.05) survival. No interactions between any fixed effects were significant and thus were removed from the model. Postpartum ewe body weight as a covariate did not affect litter size. The higher survival rate indicates that the area is of low disease load and the farmers practice to decrease lamb mortality need to be encouraged and improved. The influence of different fixed effects on reproductive performances indicated that through different management and breeding practices it is possible to increase the productivity of these breed of sheep. © Medwell Journals, 2011.	Ethiopia; Postpartum; Reproduction; Smallholder production; Survival; Washera breed	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38949117009	Overview on urban and peri-urban agriculture: Definition, impact on human health, constraints and policy issues	Kang'ethe E.K., Grace D., Randolph T.F.	2007	East African Medical Journal	84	11 SUPPL.	None	College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Kang'ethe, E.K., College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya; Grace, D., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Randolph, T.F., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Objectives: To collate and synthesize current knowledge of components of urban agriculture (UA) with a thematic emphasis on human health impact and a geographic emphasis on East Africa. Data sources: Data management followed a structured approach in which key issues were first identified and then studies selected through literature search and personal communication. Data extraction: Evidence-based principles. Data synthesis: Urban agriculture is an important source of food security for urban dwellers in East Africa. Descriptors of UA are location, areas, activities, scale, products, destinations, stakeholders and motivation. Many zoonotic and food-borne diseases have been associated with UA but evidence on human health impact and management is lacking. Major constraints to UA are illegality and lack of access to input and market; policy options have been developed for overcoming these. Conclusion: Urban agriculture is an important activity and likely to remain so. Both positive and negative human health impacts are potentially important but more research is needed to understand these and set appropriate policy and support levels.	None	agriculture; article; catering service; evidence based medicine; geography; health care policy; health status; human; knowledge; urban population; Agriculture; Evidence-Based Medicine; Food Supply; Geography; Health Policy; Health Status; Humans; Knowledge; Urban Population	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866181215	Assessment of impacts of tsetse and trypanosomosis control measures on cattle herd composition and performance in southern region, Ethiopia	Taye M., Belihu K., Bekana M., Sheferaw D.	2012	Tropical Animal Health and Production	44	7	10.1007/s11250-012-0134-0	College of Agriculture, Arba-Minch University, P.O. Box 21, Arba-Minch, Ethiopia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre-Zeit, Ethiopia; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, P. O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia	Taye, M., College of Agriculture, Arba-Minch University, P.O. Box 21, Arba-Minch, Ethiopia; Belihu, K., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre-Zeit, Ethiopia; Bekana, M., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre-Zeit, Ethiopia; Sheferaw, D., Department of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, P. O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia	This study was conducted to assess the impact of tsetse and trypanosomosis control measures on cattle herd size and composition, herd dynamics, and milk yield in Wolaita and Gamogofa Zones, southern Ethiopia. The study showed that the average number of cattle herd size in tsetse challenged areas was significantly higher than those in tsetse-controlled areas. The number of non-pregnant dry cows, bulls and oxen were significantly higher in tsetse challenged areas than the other two study areas. The rate of cattle addition to and disposal from the herd were significantly higher in tsetse challenged areas. Cows in Southern Tsetse Eradication Project (STEP) and community tsetse controlled areas were able to give 26-27 %, 25-29 % and 17-21 % more daily milk yield at the beginning, middle and end of lactation, respectively, than those in tsetse-challenged areas. In addition, cows in STEP and community tsetse controlled areas had lactation length longer by 1. 20 to 1. 35 months; age at first calving was shorter by 5. 30 to 5. 10 months; and calving interval was shorter by 4. 20 to 3. 20 months than cows in tsetse-challenged area, respectively. Hence, tsetse and trypanosomosis control both by the community and project would play key role in the improvement of cattle productivity. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Ethiopia; Herd dynamics; Trypanosomosis; Tsetse	animal; animal husbandry; article; case control study; cattle; cross-sectional study; dairying; Ethiopia; female; Glossinidae; insect control; longitudinal study; male; milk; nagana; parasitology; pathophysiology; population density; questionnaire; reproduction; secretion (process); Animal Husbandry; Animals; Case-Control Studies; Cattle; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dairying; Ethiopia; Female; Insect Control; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Milk; Population Density; Questionnaires; Reproduction; Trypanosomiasis, Bovine; Tsetse Flies; Bos; Glossina (genus)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846481298	Evaluation of herbicides for weed control in irrigated garlic (Allium sativum L.) at Samaru, Nigeria	Tunku P., Lagoke S.T.O., Ishaya D.B.	2007	Crop Protection	26	4	10.1016/j.cropro.2006.05.017	College of Agriculture, Division of Agricultural Colleges, Ahmadu Bello University, Kabba, Kogi State, Nigeria; Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogua State, Nigeria; Department of Agronomy, A.B.U., Zaria, Nigeria	Tunku, P., College of Agriculture, Division of Agricultural Colleges, Ahmadu Bello University, Kabba, Kogi State, Nigeria; Lagoke, S.T.O., Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogua State, Nigeria; Ishaya, D.B., Department of Agronomy, A.B.U., Zaria, Nigeria	Field trials were carried out during the dry seasons of 1995 and 1996 to identify suitable pre-emergence herbicides for weed control in garlic (Allium sativum L.) at Samaru, Nigeria. All the herbicide treatments tested effectively reduced weed infestation compared with the weedy control. Garlic plant height and shoot dry matter were depressed by oxadiazon plus cinosulfuron at 0.75+0.02 kg a.i./ha, oxadiazon plus prosulfuron at both doses and in the weedy check in the two trials. In both years, oxadiazon applied alone at 1.0, 1.5 kg a.i./ha and the mixture of oxadiazon with chloroxuron and prometryne resulted in high garlic bulb yields that were comparable to that of the hoe-weeded control. In both years, the best treatment in terms of garlic bulb yield was oxadiazon plus chloroxuron at 0.75+1.0 kg a.i./ha. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Garlic; Grass weeds; Growth; Pre-emergence herbicides; Yield	crop plant; crop yield; growth rate; herbicide; weed control; yield response; Africa; Kaduna [Nigeria]; Nigeria; Samaru; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Allium sativum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-68749099502	Evaluation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes of diverse growth habit under sole and intercropping with maize (Zea mays L.) in Southern Ethiopia	Worku W.	2008	Journal of Agronomy	7	4	10.3923/ja.2008.306.313	College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Awassa, Ethiopia	Worku, W., College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Awassa, Ethiopia	Seven released, one local and two potential, totally 10, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes representing three growth habit groups were tested under sole cropping and in association with hybrid maize (Zea mays L.). The experiments were conducted during the 2005 and 2006 cropping seasons in southern Ethiopia to compare genotypes and growth habit groups of common bean and to identify genotypes that give maximum intercropping advantage. A split-plot design with three replications was used with cropping system and genotype as main and sub plot factors, respectively. The bean genotypes varied significantly in productivity under both cropping systems. Determinate and bush types performed better than indeterminate and semi-climbing types, respectively. The mean yield from all bean genotypes was used for standardizing and specific genotype combinations showed a mean land equivalent ratio as high as 1.34. Grain yields and ranks of the bean genotypes were positively correlated between the two cropping systems. Furthermore, there was no significant genotype by cropping systems interactions indicating that genotypes selected for performance under sole cropping could perform well in association with hybrid maize. Using improved bush bean cultivars such as DOR-554 and AFR-772 in association with hybrid maize could enhance intercropping advantage. © 2008 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Growth habit; Maize; Phaseolus vulgaris; Yield; Yield components	Phaseolus vulgaris; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855200997	Evaluation of Ethiopian sorghum accessions for resistance against Colletotrichum sublineolum	Chala A., Tronsmo A.M.	2012	European Journal of Plant Pathology	132	2	10.1007/s10658-011-9861-8	College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, P.O.Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; Plant Health and Plant Protection Division, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research (Bioforsk), Høgskoleveien 7, 1432 Ås, Norway	Chala, A., College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, P.O.Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway, Plant Health and Plant Protection Division, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research (Bioforsk), Høgskoleveien 7, 1432 Ås, Norway; Tronsmo, A.M., Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway	Field experiments were conducted in the 2007 and 2008 cropping seasons in Wolayta, southern Ethiopia, to assess the reaction of 56 Ethiopian sorghum accessions and two susceptible checks (AL70 and BTx623) to anthracnose from naturally occurring inoculum. Final anthracnose severity (FAS), relative area under the disease progress curve (rAUDPC, where a commonly used susceptible cultivar, AL70, was set to 1), and anthracnose progress rate were used as evaluation parameters. All the evaluation parameters revealed significant variation among the tested accessions. In 2007, anthracnose severity varied between 6.6 and 77.7%, and in 2008 it ranged from 9.7% to 76%. The Ethiopian sorghum accessions had rAUDPC ranging from 0.13 to 0.88 in 2007 and from 0.18 to 1.35 in 2008. Anthracnose progress rate varied between 0.02 and 0.06 and from 0.01 to 0.05 units per day in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Results from the three parameters were highly correlated (0.18-0.87), suggesting FAS would be a suitable selection parameter for germplasm screening. Fifteen accessions in 2007 and 18 in 2008 were rated as resistant, with six accessions rated as resistant in both years, suggesting germplasm from Ethiopia would be useful for breeding resistance to anthracnose. © 2011 KNPV.	Anthracnose; Disease progress; Inoculum; Sorghum bicolor	assessment method; cultivar; disease resistance; disease severity; fungal disease; germplasm; inoculation; sorghum; Ethiopia; Colletotrichum; Colletotrichum sublineolum; Sorghum bicolor	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80555154637	Evaluation of a water-saving superabsorbent polymer for forage oat (Avena sativa L.) production in arid regions of northern China	Robiul Islam M., Shahidul Alam A.M., Egrinya Eneji A., Ren C., Song W., Hu Y.	2011	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	9	2	None	College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; Department of Soil Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nig	Robiul Islam, M., College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China, Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; Shahidul Alam, A.M., Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; Egrinya Eneji, A., Department of Soil Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Ren, C., College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China, Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baicheng city, Jilin Province 137000, China; Song, W., College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Hu, Y., College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China	Oat is a promising forage crop in arid northern China where increased land degradation and shortage of forage resources for animal production during winter have accentuated the need for alternative forage crops. Our objective was to determine the growth, biomass production, grain yield and quality of oat (Avena sativa L.) using different rates (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha -1) of superabsorbent polymer in northern China. Baiyan 7 (B7), a forage producing hulled oat was cultivated for two seasons (early, with limited irrigation and late, under rain-fed conditions) in the year 2008. Total precipitation was 278.5 mm during the early season (1 st May to 31 st July) and only 156.2 mm in the late season (11 th July to 12 th October). The aboveground biomass increased significantly in both early (87.3%) and late (54.1%) season crops with the application of superabsorbent polymer at 60 kg ha -1. The below-ground biomass, grain yield, number of panicles and tiller fertility rates as well as relative water content, crude protein content and relative feed value were also increased. The optimum application rate of the superabsorbent polymer in the study area was 60 kg ha -1; other rates were neither sufficient nor economical. Forage quantity and quality differed little with season. The use of superabsorbent polymer could be an effective means for forage production under the arid conditions of northern China.	Forage quality; Northern china; Oat; Sandy soil; Superabsorbent polymer	polymer; article; biomass production; China; forage; forage quality; grain; oat; tillage; water absorption; Animalia; Avena sativa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952850902	Impact of water-saving superabsorbent polymer on oat (Avena spp.) yield and quality in an arid sandy soil	Robiul Islam M., Egrinya Eneji A., Ren C., Li J., Hu Y.	2011	Scientific Research and Essays	6	4	None	College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; Department of Soil Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nig	Robiul Islam, M., College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China, Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; Egrinya Eneji, A., Department of Soil Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Ren, C., College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China, Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baicheng, Jilin Province, 137000, China; Li, J., College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Hu, Y., College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China	Oat is a promising forage crop in arid northern China where low precipitation, land degradation and shortage of forage resources for animal production during winter have accentuated the need for alternative forage crops. Our objective was to determine the growth, biomass production and grain yield plus forage quality of oat (Avena spp.) using different rates of superabsorbent polymer (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg/ha) in an erosion-prone arid sandy soil with limited irrigation. Baiyan 7 (B7), a forage producing hulled oat (Avena sativa L.) and Baiyan 2 (B2), a dual purpose (grain and forage producing) naked oat (Avena nuda L.) were used. The above-ground biomass increased significantly (87.3%) in B7 and slightly (18.3%) in B2 with the application of superabsorbent polymer at 60 kg/ha. The below-ground biomass, grain yield and number of panicles as well as tiller fertility rate and relative water content were also increased significantly in B7 and slightly in B2 at the superabsorbent rate of 60 kg/ha. Weed interferences in the crop field had significant positive correlations with superabsorbent polymer rates and B2 was much more affected by weed than B7. Application of superabsorbent polymer also increased the relative feed value (RFV) in B7 and grain quality of B2. The optimum application of superabsorbent polymer in the study area would be 60 kg/ha. The B7 cultivar would be more competitive in efficiently utilizing water from the polymer for growth under water stress than B2. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Arid environment; Drought stress; Forage quality; Northern China; Oat; Superabsorbent polymer	Animalia; Avena; Avena nuda; Avena sativa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84953354775	Tillage impacts on net carbon flux in paddy soil of the Southern China	Chen Z.-D., Dikgwatlhe S.B., Xue J.-F., Zhang H.-L., Chen F., Xiao X.-P.	2015	Journal of Cleaner Production	103	None	10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.05.014	College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China; Limpopo Department of Agriculture, Research Services, Plant Production Systems Division, Polokwane, South Africa; Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Changsha, China	Chen, Z.-D., College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China; Dikgwatlhe, S.B., College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China, Limpopo Department of Agriculture, Research Services, Plant Production Systems Division, Polokwane, South Africa; Xue, J.-F., College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China; Zhang, H.-L., College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China; Chen, F., College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China; Xiao, X.-P., Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Changsha, China	Scientific regulation of carbon (C) flows under conservation tillage is of great significance for mitigating C emission to the atmosphere and increasing C sequestration potential in soils. The objective of this study was to assess tillage impacts on C cycle from a situ field experiment and identify potential tillage practices for C-smart technology in paddy soils of the Southern China. A field experiment was conducted during 2005-2011, including conventional tillage without residue retention (CT), conventional tillage with residue retention (CTS), rotary tillage with residue retention (RTS), and no-till with residue retention (NTS). We computed SOC concentrations, SOC stocks and C emissions from farm inputs with time, and results in values representing a change in net carbon flux under different tillage systems in a double rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropping system. The annual increase rates of SOC stocks were 452.6, 523.3, 1340.8, and 2385.4 kg ha-1 yr-1 from 2007 to 2011 under CT, CTS, RTS, and NTS, respectively. The annual C emissions under CT, CTS, RTS, and NTS were 1182.5, 1182.5, 1152.5, and 1139.2 kg C-eq ha-1 yr-1, respectively. Among the treatments, NTS treatment had the lowest net C flux with -1246.2 kg C-eq ha-1 yr-1. Taking CT as the baseline, the relative net C flux under RTS and NTS were -918.2 and -1976.1 kg C-eq ha-1 yr-1, respectively. This suggests that adoption of conservation tillage would be beneficial in the reduction of GHG emission and could be a good option for C-smart agriculture in double rice cropping regions. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Carbon emission; Conservation tillage; Net carbon flux; Paddy soil; Soil carbon sequestration rate	Agricultural machinery; Cultivation; Forestry; Greenhouse gases; Soil conservation; Soils; Carbon emissions; Conservation tillage; Net carbon flux; Paddy soils; Soil carbon sequestration; Agriculture	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646884141	Performance, cost benefit, carcass quality and organ characteristics of pigs fed high graded levels of brewer's dried grain diets in the humid tropics	Amaefule K.U., Onwudike O.C., Ibe S.N., Abasiekong S.F.	2006	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	5	3	10.3923/pjn.2006.242.247	College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Amaefule, K.U., College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Onwudike, O.C., College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Ibe, S.N., College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Abasiekong, S.F., College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Twenty-four (Landrace x Large white) weaner pigs with average live weight of 6.36 kg (6.25-6.50 kg) were used to evaluate the performance, cost benefit, carcass quality and organ characteristics of pigs fed high graded levels of brewers' dried grain (BDG) diets in the humid tropics. The diets contained 0, 30, 35 and 40% BDG in Treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The experiment was in a completely randomized design (CRD) with each treatment replicated three times. Live weight, weight gain, feed and protein intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were measured. Other measurements were feed cost of weight gain, gross margin, warm dressed weight, carcass and organ characteristics. Results showed that weaner pigs fed 40% BDG diet had significantly (P<0.05) higher protein intake (113.65 g) than others, while increasing levels of BDG in the diets significantly (P<0.05) decreased feed cost at the weaner stage. At the grower stage, pigs fed 35% BDG diet had weight gain, FCR and PER values similar to those fed control diet, while BDG diets significantly affected back fat (1st rib) thickness, carcass length and percent spleen. It was concluded that weaner pigs could be fed 40% BDG diet to reduce feed cost, without adverse effect on growth performance. At the grower stage, the optimum inclusion level of BDG in the pig's diet should be 35%, although 40% BDG diet could be fed to reduce feed cost without adverse effect on carcass quality and organ characteristics of the pigs. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.	Brewer's dried grain; Carcass quality; Growth; Pigs	animal behavior; animal experiment; animal food; animal model; article; body fat; body fat distribution; carcass; controlled study; cost benefit analysis; developmental stage; female; food analysis; food composition; food intake; grain; humidity; male; nonhuman; nutritional value; protein content; protein determination; protein intake; spleen weight; swine; weight gain; Animalia; Pieris brassicae; Sus scrofa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33645783649	Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) seed meal as protein source for pullets: 1. Performance of grower pullets fed raw or processed pigeon pea seed meal diets	Amaefule K.U., Ironkwe M.C., Ojewola G.S.	2006	International Journal of Poultry Science	5	1	10.3923/ijps.2006.60.64	College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Amaefule, K.U., College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Ironkwe, M.C., College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Ojewola, G.S., College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	The experiment was conducted with 150 nine week-old black Bovan Nera pullets to evaluate the performance of grower pullets fed raw or processed pigeon pea seed meal (PSM) diets from the grower (9th week) stage of life. The experiment, which was in a completely randomized design (CRD), comprised pullets fed 20% PSM diets that were isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. The seeds were used as raw, boiled for 30 minutes, toasted for 30 minutes or soaked in water for 24 hours. Each treatment (raw, boiled, toasted, soaked or control diets) was replicated three times. Parameters measured were feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, live weight at point of lay and feed cost. Pullets fed 20% boiled PSM diet had significantly higher (P<0.05) daily protein intake and live weight at point of lay. It was concluded that PSM could be a good protein source for grower pullets, which could be incorporated into the diets at 20% of the whole diet without any adverse effect on growth performance. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.	Diets; Grower pullets; Pigeon pea seeds; Processed seeds	Cajanus cajan	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-19744380189	Performance evaluation of a mango stone decorticator	Jekayinfa S.O., Durowoju M.O.	2005	Nutrition and Food Science	35	2	10.1108/00346650510585903	Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria	Jekayinfa, S.O., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Durowoju, M.O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria	Purpose - In Nigeria, the mango fruits consumption rate is high during its peak period and this has always resulted in environmental sanitation problem because the mango seeds are thrown to the surroundings immediately the fruits are eaten. Finding more useful application of the kernel would be a way to reduce the environmental pollution. Mechanical decortication of the leathery mango stone remains the only viable option that can support any prospected commercial uses of the mango kernel. Design/methodology/approach - The decorticator consists of a hopper, a decorticating chamber, spiked shaft, screen shaker and discharge spout. The machine performance was evaluated in terms of decorticating efficiency, mechanical damage and sieve loss. Findings - Results of the evaluation show that the optimum performance of the decorticator was at a speed of 900rpm, feed rate of 250kg/h and power requirement of 2.50 kW. Originality/value - Mango stones are useful as substitute for maize in finishing broiler diets. The kernel is also used for medicinal purposes in moderation of anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities. Therefore, the designed mango stone decorticator enhances the complete mechanization processes of mango products. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Food products; Fruits; Nigeria	agriculture; animal food; article; environmental sanitation; equipment design; feeding behavior; food decorticator; food intake; machine; maize; mango; Nigeria; pollution; recycling; waste disposal; Bacteria (microorganisms); Mangifera indica; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-21644441914	Performance of Pullet chicks fed graded levels of Raw Bambarra groundnut (Vigna subterranean (L.) Verdc) offal diets as replacement for Soybean meal and Maize	Amaefule K.U., Osuagwu F.M.	2005	Livestock Research for Rural Development	17	5	None	College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Amaefule, K.U., College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Osuagwu, F.M., College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	One hundred and eighty day-old Lohmann brown pullet chicks were used to evaluate the effect of replacing soybean meal and maize with Bambarra groundnut offal (BGO) in pullet chick diets. The experiments were in a completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatments, each replicated three times, with nine pullets per replicate. The inclusion levels of BGO in the diets were 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%. Parameters measured were daily weight gain, final live weight at 8th weeks, daily feed and protein intake, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, mortality and feed cost. The result showed that the performance of chicks fed diet containing 5% BGO did not differ significantly (P&gt;0.05) from that of the control. Pullets fed 10, 15, 20 and 25% BGO diets showed no significant differences (P&gt;0.05) in their daily weight gain and final live weight. Pullets fed 20% BGO diet had significantly lower feed intake than others. The inclusion of Bambara groundnut offal in the diets significantly (P&lt;0.05) reduced the cost per kg of feed. The conclusion was that the BGO could be a valuable feedstuff in pullet chick diets which could be included up to 5% of the pullet diet.	Bambarra groundnut offal; Diets; Performance; Pullet chicks	Arachis hypogaea; Bambara; Glycine max; Vigna subterranea; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749593864	Pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] seed meal in layer diets: 1. Performance of point of lay pullets fed raw or processed pigeon pea seed meal diets	Amaefule K.U., Ironkwe M.C., Obioha F.C.	2006	International Journal of Poultry Science	5	7	10.3923/ijps.2006.639.645	College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, N	Amaefule, K.U., College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Ironkwe, M.C., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria; Obioha, F.C., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Performance of point of lay black Bovan Nera pullets fed raw or processed pigeon pea seed meal (PSM) diets was determined with 150 (20 week old) pullets. They have not been fed any PSM diet before the study. The seeds (brown colored) were used as raw or processed (toasted for 30 minutes, boiled for 30 minutes, or soaked in water for 24 hours), all of which were milled. Each treatment had three replicates; each replicate had 10 birds in a completely randomized design (CRD). The experimental diets were isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. Measurements were feed intake, live weight, hen-day and hen-housed egg production, mortality, age at 1st, 25 and 50% egg production, external and internal egg quality characteristics. Raw PSM diet fed to point of lay pullets (POL) significantly (P&lt;0.05) improved hen-day production (67.79%), feed intake (101.50 g), and lowered age at 50% egg production (180.67 d) more than other diets. Layers fed toasted PSM diet laid eggs with superior weight (66.17 g), width (4.51 cm) and the lowest shell weight (4.37 g). Also layers fed toasted PSM diet laid eggs with superior albumen (11.87 mm) and yolk (20.50 mm) heights, albumen weight (45.80 g), albumen + yolk weight (61.60 g) and significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher Haugh unit (123.63) than the rest. It was concluded that 30% raw, toasted or soaked PSM diet could be fed to point of lay pullets without adverse effect on egg production, external and internal egg quality characteristics. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.	Diets; Layers; Pigeon pea seed meal; Point of lay	Aves; Cajanus cajan	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548489891	Pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] seed meal in layer diets: 2. Laying performance and egg quality characteristics of pullets fed raw or processed pigeon pea seed meal diets during grower and layer stages of life	Amaefule K.U., Oke U.K., Obioha F.C.	2007	International Journal of Poultry Science	6	6	None	College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Amaefule, K.U., College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Oke, U.K., College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Obioha, F.C., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Laying performance and egg quality characteristics of grower pullets fed raw or processed pigeon pea seed meal diets during grower and layer stages of life were determined with 135 black Bovan Nera grower (126 days old) pullets. Each raw or processed (toasted for 30 minutes, boiled for 30 minutes, or soaked in water for 24 hours) seeds, which constituted a treatment, were milled. Each treatment had three replicates and nine birds per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). The experimental diets were isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. Live weight, feed intake, live weight gain, egg production, mortality, external and internal egg quality characteristics were measured. Results showed that there were non-significant (P>0.05) differences among the layers fed PSM diets in all the egg production parameters measured, except daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR). However, layers fed boiled PSM diet had the highest hen-day production (67.64%), feed intake (105.57 g/b/d) and hen-housed production (78.71%). Layers fed soaked PSM diet had the lowest hen-housed production (66.30%), hen-day production (58.38%), egg mass production (1083.16 g), poorest FCR, and highest number of cracked eggs. The conclusion was that raw, boiled or toasted PSM included as 30% of the diet could be fed to layers that had received 20% PSM diet during the grower stage of life without adverse effects on egg production, external and internal egg quality characteristics. It should be expected that soaked PSM diet could adversely affect egg production as well as external and internal egg qualities. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007.	Egg quality; Layer diets; Laying performance; Processed pigeon pea seed meal	Aves; Cajanus cajan	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052868978	Growth performance and haematological characteristics of West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep fed graded levels of dietary pigeon pea seed meal	Okah U., Ibeawuchi J.A.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	11	None	College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 7267, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Okah, U., College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 7267, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Ibeawuchi, J.A., College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 7267, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary pigeon pea seed meal on the growth performance and haematological characteristics of West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep. Four diets were formulated to contain pigeon pea seed meal (PSM) at 0, 10, 20 and 30% levels, representing diets A, B, C, and D, respectively. Twelve weaned rams averaging 8.57 kg body weight and aged 7-8 months were used in the study. The rams were divided into 4 groups of 3 rams housed singly in pens, and each group assigned to one of the four diets for 8 weeks in a completely randomized design experiment. Data collected included, average daily weight gain (g), daily dry matter intake (g) and feed conversation ratio (g feed /g grain) calculated. Haematological and biochemical characteristics were also evaluated. Average daily weight gain was significantly (P<0.05) better in diet A and C than diet D, but diets A, B and C were similar (P>0.05). Feed conservation ratio differed significantly (P<0.05) among the groups, with diet C recording better conversion ratio than diets A and D, respectively. The PSM diets generally promoted lower PCV and higher WBC values in sheep. Neutrophil and lymphocytes were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the PSM. While neutrophil increased with increasing level of PSM, the converse was true about lymphocytesood glucose, and urea in the animals were also significantly (P<0.05) influenced by PSM, which followed the same pattern as the nuetrophil and lymphocytes respectively. Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (SGGTP) and serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (SGGT) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in sheep fed on control diet A than in those fed on either diet C or D. Serum creatinine was significantly (P<0.05) higher in sheep fed on control diet than in those on the PSM diets. The results of this study indicated that processed pigeon pea seed could be used as a plant protein resource for sheep, but may not be included beyond 20% for optimum performance and physiological welfare of the animal.	Pigeon pea; Sheep; Weaner rams diet; West african dwarf	Animalia; Cajanus cajan; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45749104143	The effect of quantitative replacement of soybean meal with cooked and toasted lima bean meal on growth performance and carcass quality values of broiler finisher birds	Akinmutimi A.H., Aligwara A.O., Abasiekong S.F.	2008	International Journal of Poultry Science	7	5	10.3923/ijps.2008.487.490	College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Akinmutimi, A.H., College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Aligwara, A.O., College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Abasiekong, S.F., College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	The effect of cooked and toasted lima bean meal in boiler finisher diets was assessed using seventy five (75) Anak broiler birds. The beans were cooked for ninety (90) minutes, oven dried at 60oC and toasted to brownness. It was quantitatively used to replace soybean at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% levels of inclusion. The birds aged twenty eight (28) days were divided into five (5) treatments and each treatment replicated three (3) times. The birds were assigned to the diets in a completely randomized design experiment. The result of growth performance showed that the mean feed intake values showed no significant (P>0.05) difference for all the diets while there were significant (P<0.05) differences for values of weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The values are 42.8, 46.6, 41.2, 35.4, 23.3 and 3.45, 2.70, 2.84, 3.27, 4.93 for weight gain and feed conversion ratio respectively. The cut- parts showed that the birds on the test diets have values comparable to those on the control diet Based on the above results, normal market live weight and cost per kilogram weight gain, 5% cooked and toasted lima bean meal can quantitatively replaced soybean meal without adverse effect on the growth performance and carcass quality values and hence recommended. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008.	Carcass quality; Cooked and toasted lima bean; Growth performance; Soybean	Aves; Glycine max; Phaseolus lunatus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548499903	Pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] seed meal in layer diets: 3. Effect of higher inclusion level and prolonged feeding of raw or processed pigeon pea seed meal diets from pullet chick stage on the laying performance of pullets	Amaefule K.U., Oguike M.A., Ironkwe M.O., Obioha F.C.	2007	International Journal of Poultry Science	6	6	None	College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers Stat	Amaefule, K.U., College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Oguike, M.A., College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Ironkwe, M.O., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria; Obioha, F.C., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Black Bovan Nera pullets at point of lay (19 weeks old) that were fed pigeon Pea Seed Meal (PSM) diets during the pullet chick and grower stages of life were used to determine the effect of higher inclusion level and prolonged feeding of raw or processed PSM diets from the pullet chick stage on the laying performance of pullets. Brown colored pigeon pea seeds were used as raw, boiled for 30 min, toasted for 30 min, or soaked in water for 24 h, all of which were milled to pass through a 2 mm sieve. Each diet had three replications; each replicate had eight birds in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Parameters measured were feed intake, live weight, hen-day production, age at 1st, 25 and 50% egg production, external and internal egg quality characteristics. Results showed that layers fed boiled PSM diet had significantly (P<0.05) higher hen-day production (67.04%), egg weight (57.63 g), shell weight (6.50 g) while those fed raw PSM diet had the lowest (55.07%) hen-day production. It was concluded that raw or processed pigeon Pea Seed Meal (PSM) could be included as 30% of the whole diet of layers that had received 10 and 20% PSM based diets during their pullet chick and grower stages of life, respectively. Boiled PSM diet would improve hen-day egg production, toasted PSM diet would increase feed intake of layers while PSM diets will have no regular effects on external and internal egg quality characteristics of eggs laid by layers fed PSM diets. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007.	Diet; Eggs; Layers; Pigeon pea seed meal; Pullets	Aves; Cajanus cajan	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939624471	Assessment of enzyme supplementation on growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility in diets containing undecorticated sunflower seed meal in layer chicks	Fafiolu A.O., Oduguwa O.O., Jegede A.V., Tukura C.C., Olarotimi I.D., Teniola A.A., Alabi J.O.	2015	Poultry Science	94	8	10.3382/ps/pev136	College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Department of Animal Nutrition, World Bank Centre of Excellence in Agricultural Development and Sustainable Environment, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Federal College	Fafiolu, A.O., College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Department of Animal Nutrition, World Bank Centre of Excellence in Agricultural Development and Sustainable Environment, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Oduguwa, O.O., College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Department of Animal Nutrition, World Bank Centre of Excellence in Agricultural Development and Sustainable Environment, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Jegede, A.V., College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Department of Animal Nutrition, World Bank Centre of Excellence in Agricultural Development and Sustainable Environment, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Tukura, C.C., College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Department of Animal Nutrition, World Bank Centre of Excellence in Agricultural Development and Sustainable Environment, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria, National Universities Commission, FCT, Abuja, Nigeria; Olarotimi, I.D., College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Department of Animal Nutrition, World Bank Centre of Excellence in Agricultural Development and Sustainable Environment, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Teniola, A.A., College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Department of Animal Nutrition, World Bank Centre of Excellence in Agricultural Development and Sustainable Environment, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Moor Plantation, Ibadan. Oyo State, Nigeria; Alabi, J.O., College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Department of Animal Nutrition, World Bank Centre of Excellence in Agricultural Development and Sustainable Environment, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Six hundred and forty one-day-old layer chicks were used to investigate the effect of replacing soybean meal with undecorticated sunflower seed meal protein for protein at 0, 25, 50, and 75% levels. Diets were without enzyme supplementation or with enzyme supplementation with four replications of twenty birds. Growth performance and nutrient utilization were determined. Proximate composition of the undecorticated sunflower seed meal used revealed that undecorticated sunflower seed meal contained 925.9, 204.5, 336.2, 215.1, 52.0 and 192.2g/kg dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, ash and soluble carbohydrates, respectively. Results showed that the final weight of 484.4g/bird was obtained for birds on 75% undecorticated sunflower seed meal diet, while the lowest value of 472.2g/bird was obtained for birds on 25% undecorticated sunflower seed meal diet. Weight gain per bird per day was not significantly (P > 0.05) affected as the level of undecorticated sunflower seed meal increased in the diets. Feed intake per bird per day increased (P < 0.05) across the treatment as a result of increased undecorticated sunflower seed meal inclusion in the diet. However, enzyme supplementation of the diets showed marked (P < 0.05) improvements in feed intake, weight gain, and final weight as well as the feed to gain ratio. Survivability was not affected by the treatments imposed. Dry matter digestibility were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced due to high undecorticated sunflower seed meal inclusion in the diet while crude protein digestibility progressively reduced (P < 0.05) as the level of undecorticated sunflower seed meal increased in the diet. Ash digestibility values were, however, increased (P < 0.05) as the level of undecorticated sunflower seed meal increased in the diets. Birds on enzyme-supplemented diets consistently showed superior (P < 0.05) digestibility values than those on diets without enzyme supplementation. However ether extract digestibility was not affected by enzyme supplementation. The results indicated that higher inclusion levels of undecorticated sunflower seed meal in the diets of layer chicks showed a similar body weight gain/bird/day with the control. Undecorticated sunflower seed meal used in this study is a good source of crude protein, ether extract, and amino acids and had the potential to serve as feeding stuffs as replacement for soybeans. The nutritive value of undecorticated sunflower seed meal was improved for layer chicks with exogenous enzyme supplementation. © 2015 Poultry Science Association Inc.	enzyme supplementation; layer chicks; nutrient utilization; undecorticated sunflower seed meal	Aves; Glycine max; Helianthus; enzyme; analysis; animal; animal food; chemistry; chicken; controlled study; diet; diet supplementation; dose response; female; plant seed; randomized controlled trial; sunflower; veterinary; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Chickens; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzymes; Female; Helianthus; Seeds	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904134437	Effect of xylanase on performance, serum IGF-1 and glucose of broilers fed wheat corn soybean diet	Abdullahi A.Y., Zuo J.J., Tan H.Z., Xia W.G., Wei S., Liu J.H., Ai Q., Zhao S.Y., Xia M.H., Liu Y.H., Xia C.D., Wu F., Yu J.P., Feng D.Y.	2013	Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances	12	17	10.3923/javaa.2013.1409.1414	College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510542 Guangzhou, China; Department of Animal Science, Kano University of Science and Technology Wudil, Kano, Nigeria; Production Technology Department of WENs Group, Yunfu, China	Abdullahi, A.Y., College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510542 Guangzhou, China, Department of Animal Science, Kano University of Science and Technology Wudil, Kano, Nigeria; Zuo, J.J., College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510542 Guangzhou, China; Tan, H.Z., Production Technology Department of WENs Group, Yunfu, China; Xia, W.G., College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510542 Guangzhou, China; Wei, S., Production Technology Department of WENs Group, Yunfu, China; Liu, J.H., College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510542 Guangzhou, China; Ai, Q., College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510542 Guangzhou, China; Zhao, S.Y., College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510542 Guangzhou, China; Xia, M.H., College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510542 Guangzhou, China; Liu, Y.H., College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510542 Guangzhou, China; Xia, C.D., College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510542 Guangzhou, China; Wu, F., College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510542 Guangzhou, China; Yu, J.P., College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510542 Guangzhou, China; Feng, D.Y., College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510542 Guangzhou, China	Six hundred and forty, 1 day old Yellow feather broiler chicks were fed wheat-corn soybean diet plus xylanase ENOLZYME™ 100 g ton-1 (enzyme activity = 1256.244 U mL-1) to study additive effect of the enzyme on serum glucose and IGF-1 concentration relative to performance. The birds were randomly divided into 2 treatment groups with 64 birds/pen in 5 replicates. For the periods of 63 days body weight, feed efficiency and daily feed intake were not differed at 21 and 42 days. However, they were all differ significantly at 63 days (p&lt;0.05); particularly feed efficiency from 1-63 days was highly significant (p&lt;0.01). Carcass characteristics were not differed in all three stages but at finishing stage breast and thigh muscles, heart, gizzard and abdominal fat weights were numerically increased. Mortality rate was &lt;0.02%. Serum glucose concentration levels at three feeding phases were not differed among groups. However, serum IGF-1 differ significantly at starter phase (21 days) (p&lt;0.05). Correlation between treatments and feeding periods existed at growing (42 days) and finishing (63 days) stages (p&lt;0.05). The present findings on supplementation of xylanase to corn wheat soy bean broiler diet hasincreased market weight cost value by 1.33% at finishing stage (43-63 days). The serum glucose and IGF-1 concentration have correlated positively on treatments offered, feeding periods and performance. Further research is needed on IGF-1 and GH (Growth Hormone) at molecular level to understand their influence in broiler's growth and development. © Medwell Journals, 2013.	Glucose; Growth hormone; Performance; Serum IGF-1; Xylanase	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877351763	Effects of creatine monohydrate on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of yellow-feathered broilers	Xia W.G., Abdullahi A.Y., Zuo J.J., Chen L., Feng D.Y.	2012	Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances	11	23	10.3923/javaa.2012.4382.4388	College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China; Department of Animal Science, Kano University of Science and Technology Wudil, P.M.B. 3244, Kano, Nigeria	Xia, W.G., College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China; Abdullahi, A.Y., College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China, Department of Animal Science, Kano University of Science and Technology Wudil, P.M.B. 3244, Kano, Nigeria; Zuo, J.J., College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China; Chen, L., College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China; Feng, D.Y., College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China	Nine hundred, 42 days old male yellow-feathered broilers were used to evaluate the effects of Creatine Monohydrate (CMH) on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality. The birds received either a no-CMH diet (0 mg kg"1) a low (250 mg kg"1), a moderate (500 mg kg"1) or a high-CMH diet (1000 mg kg"1) for 21 days. CMH supplementation did not affect the average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake or feed efficiency. Additionally no significant differences were discovered in the dressing, eviscerated, breast muscle or thigh muscle percentage. However, there was a decreasing trend in the pH values of the pectoralis major at 24 h postmortem and of the thigh muscle at 45 mm postmortem as the level of CMH supplementation increased. No significant difference was observed in cooking loss, shear force value, moisture or crude protein percentages. However, supplementing with CMH increased the slow-twitch red and the fast-twitch white fiber ratio in the gastrocnemius muscles. The results suggested that CMH supplementation has no effect on growth performance or carcass characteristics but it potentially triggered a transition from fast-twitch red muscle fibers to slow-twitch red and fast-twitch white muscle fibers. © Medwell Journals, 2012.	Broiler; Carcass characteristics; Creatine; Growth performance; Meat quality	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951624077	Subclinical endometritis in Zebu x Friesian crossbred dairy cows: Its risk factors, association with subclinical mastitis and effect on reproductive performance	Bacha B., Regassa F.G.	2010	Tropical Animal Health and Production	42	3	10.1007/s11250-009-9433-5	College of Animal Science, Wollega University, P.O. Box 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	Bacha, B., College of Animal Science, Wollega University, P.O. Box 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia; Regassa, F.G., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	A study was carried out on 59 clinically healthy Zebu x Friesian crossbred cows to determine the prevalence of subclinical endometritis, associated factors and its effect on the reproductive performance. Subclinical endometritis was diagnosed by endometrial cytology using uterine lavege technique and subclinical mastitis using CMT. The clinical, management and reproductive data were obtained from a weekly follow up visit of each cow for a period of 6 months after calving. The prevalence of subclinical endometritis, with ≥5% neutrophil count, was 47.5% and 30.5% at week 4 and 8, significantly decreasing (P = 0.002) as postpartum period advanced. Body condition score at week 4 postpartum (OR = 4.5, P = 0.017) and regular cow exercise (OR = 4.8, P = 0.026) were the significant risk factors while post-calving hygiene (P = 0.06) was poorly associated. Subclinical endometritis was also directly associated with subclinical mastitis at both week 4 (OR = 4.5, P = 0.012) and 8 (OR = 3.6, P = 0.031) postpartum. The risk of first service pregnancy (OR = 5.1, P = 0.004) was higher in cows negative for subclinical endometritis at week 8 postpartum and the proportion of cows that required more than 3 services was higher in cows with uterine inflammation. Also the proportion of cows diagnosed pregnant within 180 DIM was higher in cows with normal uterus at both week 4 (OR = 10.3, P = 0.001) and week 8(OR = 21.8, P = 0.001). These results indicated that subclinical endometritis was directly associated with poor body condition and subclinical mastitis and that it had negative effect on reproductive traits of dairy cows. This association may also reflect the possibility of translocation of bacteria/bacterial products from the uterus to the udder or vic-versa or else the presence of common cause for both endometritis and mastitis. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Cows; Endometritis; Mastitis; Reproduction; Subclinical	Bos; Bos indicus; Friesia; animal; animal disease; article; bovine mastitis; cattle; dairying; endometritis; female; pregnancy; prevalence; reproduction; risk factor; Animals; Cattle; Dairying; Endometritis; Female; Mastitis, Bovine; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Reproduction; Risk Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940562306	Institutional forces and divestment performance of South African conglomerates: Case study evidence	King D., Coldwell D., Joosub T., McClelland D.	2015	South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences	18	3	10.17159/2222-3436/2015/v18n3a4	College of Business, Iowa State University, South Africa; School of Economic and Management Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; School of Accountancy, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; School of Economic and Management Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa	King, D., College of Business, Iowa State University, South Africa; Coldwell, D., School of Economic and Management Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Joosub, T., School of Accountancy, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; McClelland, D., School of Economic and Management Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa	The history of South Africa serves as a natural experiment in how a changing institutional environment impacts corporate structure. Based on institutional theory, we anticipate higher performance through emulating successful strategies or through restructuring consistent with mimetic isomorphism. Conversely, coercive isomorphism results from restructuring driven by regulation, and we anticipate that they are associated with lower performance. To examine these relationships, we consider divestment by South African firms over two periods, using mixed methods. We find tentative support for our predictions, and we outline implications for policymakers, as well as for management research and practice. © 2015 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved.	Case studies; Coercive and mimetic isomorphism; Divestment; Event analysis; Institutional theory	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052841471	The moderating effect of culture on small firm performance: Empirical evidence	Minai M.S., Olusegun A.I., Lucky E.O.-I.	2011	European Journal of Social Sciences	23	3	None	College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia; Lagos State Polytechnics, Lagos, Nigeria	Minai, M.S., College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia; Olusegun, A.I., Lagos State Polytechnics, Lagos, Nigeria; Lucky, E.O.-I., College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia	Abundant studies on the influential entrepreneurial factors that affect small firm performance exist. However, the inconsistent results on the relationship between entrepreneurial factors and small firm performance has led the authors to propose a contingency model in which the effects of individual determinants, external factors and firm characteristics on firm performance are moderated by culture. A cross-sectional study of questionnaire survey research design was conducted and data was generated from 182 entrepreneurs or owner-managers of small firms in both manufacturing and service industries. The questionnaires were distributed through drop-off and pick procedure of data collection. The findings indicate that neither culture nor its cultural dimension or components are significant in moderating the relationship between relationship between individual determinates, external factors and firm characteristics, and firm performance.	Culture; Entrepreneurship determinants; Entrepreneurship development	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941194969	Enhanced catalytic performance of a Pt-xCeO<inf>2</inf>/Graphene catalyst for DMFCs by adjusting the crystal-plane and shape of nanoscale ceria	Wang W., Zhu M., Lu X., Gao Y., Li L., Cao Z., Li C., Liu J., Zheng H.	2015	RSC Advances	5	91	10.1039/c5ra08144k	College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China; Materials Science and Manufacturing, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), South Africa	Wang, W., College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China; Zhu, M., College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China; Lu, X., College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China; Gao, Y., College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China; Li, L., College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China; Cao, Z., College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China; Li, C., College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China; Liu, J., College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China; Zheng, H., Materials Science and Manufacturing, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), South Africa	Oxygen storage capacity is influenced by the morphology and crystal-plane(s) of CeO<inf>2</inf>, which can thus affect the ability of this material to oxidise carbon monoxide. To investigate the effect of different morphologies/crystal-planes of CeO<inf>2</inf> on the electrocatalytic performance of DMFCs (Direct Methanol Fuel Cell), three different types of CeO<inf>2</inf> nanocrystals with different crystal-planes were synthesised and later assembled into Pt-xCeO<inf>2</inf>/Graphene composites with graphene and Pt nanoparticles as the electrocatalyst for DMFCs. According to the HRTEM images, the original morphology and crystal-plane structures of CeO<inf>2</inf> are essentially maintained in the three types of Pt-xCeO<inf>2</inf>/Graphene composite catalysts investigated in this work. The catalytic performance of the Pt-xCeO<inf>2</inf>/Graphene composites for methanol electrocatalytic oxidation was investigated by a series of electrochemical measurements. Compared with the other catalysts, Pt-rCeO<inf>2</inf>/Graphene demonstrates superior catalytic activity (onset potential: 0.15 V) and the strongest resistance to poisoning by carbonaceous species (I<inf>f</inf>/I<inf>b</inf>: 2.11). The results of H<inf>2</inf>-TPR shows that rCeO<inf>2</inf> with the {110} facet has the best surface reducibility among the xCeO<inf>2</inf> with different facets being investigated, which provides a rationale for the superior performance of the Pt-rCeO<inf>2</inf>/Graphene catalyst. This study indicates that metallic oxides with a suitable crystal plane and shape can effectively enhance the electrocatalytic performance of Pt-based catalysts for methanol electrooxidation. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015.	None	Carbon; Carbon monoxide; Catalyst poisoning; Catalysts; Catalytic oxidation; Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC); Electrocatalysis; Electrocatalysts; Electrooxidation; Fuel cells; Metallic compounds; Metals; Methanol; Methanol fuels; Morphology; Platinum; Carbonaceous species; Catalytic performance; Electrocatalytic performance; Electrochemical measurements; Methanol electrocatalytic oxidation; Methanol electrooxidation; Oxygen storage capacity; Resistance to poisoning; Catalyst activity	None
WoS	WOS:000319869000003	The Ghana essential health interventions program: a plausibility trial of the impact of health systems strengthening on maternal & child survival	Asuru, Rofina,Awoonor-Williams, John Koku,Bawah, Ayaga A.,Nyonator, Frank K.,Oduro, Abraham,Ofosu, Anthony,Phillips, James F.	2013	BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH	13	None	10.1186/1472-6963-13-S2-S3	Columbia University, Ghana Health Service, Navrongo Health Research Center, Minist Hlth Minist	"Asuru, Rofina: Ghana Health Service","Awoonor-Williams, John Koku: Ghana Health Service","Bawah, Ayaga A.: Columbia University","Oduro, Abraham: Ghana Health Service","Oduro, Abraham: Navrongo Health Research Center","Ofosu, Anthony: Ghana Health Service","Phillips, James F.: Columbia University",	Background: During the 1990s, researchers at the Navrongo Health Research Centre in northern Ghana developed a highly successful community health program. The keystone of the Navrongo approach was the deployment of nurses termed community health officers to village locations. A trial showed that, compared to areas relying on existing services alone, the approach reduced child mortality by half, maternal mortality by 40%, and fertility by nearly a birth - from a total fertility rate of 5.5 in only five years. In 2000, the government of Ghana launched a national program called Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) to scale up the Navrongo model. However, CHPS scale-up has been slow in districts located outside of the Upper East Region, where the "Navrongo Experiment" was first carried out. This paper describes the Ghana Essential Health Intervention Project (GEHIP), a plausibility trial of strategies for strengthening CHPS, especially in the areas of maternal and newborn health, and generating the political will to scale up the program with strategies that are faithful to the original design. Description of the intervention: GEHIP improves the CHPS model by 1) extending the range and quality of services for newborns; 2) training community volunteers to conduct the World Health Organization service regimen known as integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI); 3) simplifying the collection of health management information and ensuring its use for decision making; 4) enabling community health nurses to manage emergencies, particularly obstetric complications and refer cases without delay; 5) adding $0.85 per capita annually to district budgets and marshalling grassroots political commitment to financing CHPS implementation; and 6) strengthening CHPS leadership at all levels of the system. Evaluation design: GEHIP impact is assessed by conducting baseline and endline survey research and computing the Heckman "difference in difference" test for under-5 mortality in three intervention districts relative to four comparison districts for core indicators of health status and survival rates. To elucidate results, hierarchical child survival hazard models will be estimated that incorporate measures of health system strength as survival determinants, adjusting for the potentially confounding effects of parental and household characteristics. Qualitative systems appraisal procedures will be used to monitor and explain GEHIP implementation innovations, constraints, and progress. Discussion: By demonstrating practical means of strengthening a real-world health system while monitoring costs and assessing maternal and child survival impact, GEHIP is expected to contribute to national health policy, planning, and resource allocation that will be needed to accelerate progress with the Millennium Development Goals.	,INNOVATION	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41949092932	High performance Pd-based catalysts for oxidation of formic acid	Wang R., Liao S., Ji S.	2008	Journal of Power Sources	180	1	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.02.027	College of Chemistry, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China; South Africa Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, South Africa	Wang, R., College of Chemistry, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China; Liao, S., College of Chemistry, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China; Ji, S., South Africa Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, South Africa	Two novel catalysts for anode oxidation of formic acid, Pd2Co/C and Pd4Co2Ir/C, were prepared by an organic colloid method with sodium citrate as a complexing agent. These two catalysts showed better performance towards the anodic oxidation of formic acid than Pd/C catalyst and commercial Pt/C catalyst. Compared with Pd/C catalyst, potentials of the anodic peak of formic acid at the Pd2Co/C and Pd4Co2Ir/C catalyst electrodes shifted towards negative value by 140 and 50 mV, respectively, meanwhile showed higher current densities. At potential of 0.05 V (vs. SCE), the current density for Pd4Co2Ir/C catalyst is as high as up to 13.7 mA cm-2, which is twice of that for Pd/C catalyst, and six times of that for commercial Pt/C catalyst. The alloy catalysts were nanostructured with a diameter of ca. 3-5 nm and well dispersed on carbon according to X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. The composition of alloy catalysts was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Pd4Co2Ir/C catalyst showed the highest activity and best stability making it the best potential candidate for application in a direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC). © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Electrocatalysts; Formic acid oxidation; Fuel cell; Pd-based catalysts	Current density; Electrocatalysts; Energy dispersive X ray analysis; Formic acid fuel cells (FAFC); Oxidation; Complexing agents; Organic colloid method; Sodium citrate; Formic acid	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949032280	Evaluation of replacing maize with mango (Mangifera indica) kernel on fertility and hatchability parameters of layer hens	Beyene G., Niguse M., Gebreslasie L., Berhe A.	2015	Livestock Research for Rural Development	27	12	None	College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Animal, Rangeland and Wildlife Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O.Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia	Beyene, G., College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Animal, Rangeland and Wildlife Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O.Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Niguse, M., College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Animal, Rangeland and Wildlife Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O.Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Gebreslasie, L., College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Animal, Rangeland and Wildlife Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O.Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Berhe, A., College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Animal, Rangeland and Wildlife Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O.Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia	The study was conducted to evaluate replacing maize with mango kernel on fertility, hatchability, embryonic mortality and chick quality of layer hens. One hundred twenty chickens with similar body weight and age were used for the experiment. The chickens were randomly distributed to 15 pens each with 8 hens and 1 cock to the five treatments diets in completely randomized design (CRD). The chickens were kept in a deep litter housing system. The treatment rations were formulated to replace maize grain by mango kernel with 0% (MK0), 25% (MK25), 50% (MK50), 75% (MK75) and 100% (MK100). Chickens were offered a weighed amount of feed and feed leftovers were collected and weighed the next morning. The experiment lasted for 90 days during which fertility, hatchability, embryonic mortality and chick quality were measured. Fertility, hatchability, embryonic mortality, chick length, chick weight and chick visual score were not statistically different among the treatments. Therefore, we concluded that maize can be replaced by mango kernel up to 100% (at a rate of 390g/kg concentrate diet), since this level of replacement has not negatively affected fertility, hatchability, embryonic mortality and chick quality parameters. © 2015, Fundacion CIPAV. All rights reserved.	Byproduct; Feed; Layer diet; Poultry	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922091077	Spatial analysis of groundwater potential using remote sensing and GIS-based multi-criteria evaluation in Raya Valley, northern Ethiopia [Analyse spatiale du potentiel d’eau souterraine à l’aide d’images satellites et d’évaluation multicritères à partir d	Fenta A.A., Kifle A., Gebreyohannes T., Hailu G.	2014	Hydrogeology Journal	23	1	10.1007/s10040-014-1198-x	College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Dept. of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Institute of Geo-information and Earth Observation Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Dept. of Earth Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia	Fenta, A.A., College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Dept. of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Kifle, A., Institute of Geo-information and Earth Observation Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Gebreyohannes, T., College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Dept. of Earth Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Hailu, G., Institute of Geo-information and Earth Observation Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia	Sustainable development and management of groundwater resources require application of scientific principles and modern techniques. An integrated approach is implemented using remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS)-based multi-criteria evaluation to identify promising areas for groundwater exploration in Raya Valley, northern Ethiopia. The thematic layers considered are lithology, lineament density, geomorphology, slope, drainage density, rainfall and land use/cover. The corresponding normalized rates for the classes in a layer and weights for thematic layers are computed using Saaty’s analytical hierarchy process. Based on the computed rates and weights, aggregating the thematic maps is done using a weighted linear combination method to obtain a groundwater potential (GP) map. The GP map is verified by overlay analysis with observed borehole yield data. Map-removal and single-parameter sensitivity analyses are used to examine the effects of removing any of the thematic layers on the GP map and to compute effective weights, respectively. About 770 km2 (28 % of the study area) is designated as ‘very good’ GP. ‘Good’, ‘moderate’ and ‘poor’ GP areas cover 630 km2 (23 %), 600 km2 (22 %) and 690 km2 (25 %), respectively; the area with ‘very poor’ GP covers 55 km2 (2 %). Verification of the GP map against observed borehole yield data shows 74 % agreement, which is fairly satisfactory. The sensitivity analyses reveal the GP map is most sensitive to lithology with a mean variation index of 6.5 %, and lithology is the most effective thematic layer in GP mapping with mean effective weight of 52 %. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Ethiopia; Geographic information systems; Groundwater potential; Multi-criteria evaluation; Remote sensing	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940659300	Evaluation of different oat varieties for fodder yield and yield related traits in Debre Berhan area, central highlands of Ethiopia	Beyene G., Araya A., Gebremedhn H.	2015	Livestock Research for Rural Development	27	9	None	College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Debre Berhan University, P.O. Box 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia	Beyene, G., College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Araya, A., College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Gebremedhn, H., College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Debre Berhan University, P.O. Box 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia	Oat is the most important well-adapted cereal fodder crop grown in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Ethiopia has a wide range of agro-ecological zones, described in the research centers to develop varieties to suit different zones as well as different systems of fodder production. However, the yield per acre is still far below than optimum level of production. Considering such a miserable picture in the country, field experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of seven forage oat varieties namely: 80-SA-130, 8251-CI, 80-SA-95, 8237-CI, Lampton, 8235-CI and Jasari at Agricultural Experiment Station of Debre Berhan University, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources during the year of 2014/15. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design having three replications and a net plot of size 1.2 m x 5 m. Data was recorded for plant height, leaf number tiller-1, tiller number plant-1, tillers per m2 and green fodder yield. The varieties differed in yield and yield related parameters. The variety Lampton produced significantly higher green forage yield (67.2 t·ha-1) than other varieties due to taller plants (178cm), more number of tillers plant-1 (14.2), tillers per m2 (256) and number of leaves tiller-1 (6.89) whereas, the variety Jasari recorded lowest (44.5 t·ha-1). Hence variety Lampton proved its superiority over all the other varieties included in the experiment. © 2015 Fundacion CIPAV. All rights reserved.	Avena sativa L; Forage yield; Yield traits	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84910610345	Impact of co-infections and BCG immunisation on immune responses Among household contacts of tuberculosis patients in a ugandan cohort	Biraro I.A., Egesa M., Toulza F., Levin J., Cose S., Joloba M., Smith S., Dockrell H.M., Katamba A., Elliott A.M.	2014	PLoS ONE	9	11	10.1371/journal.pone.0111517	College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Biraro, I.A., College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Egesa, M., College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Toulza, F., Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Levin, J., Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Cose, S., Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda, Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Joloba, M., College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Smith, S., Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Dockrell, H.M., Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Katamba, A., College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Elliott, A.M., Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda, Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Background: Tuberculosis incidence in resource poor countries remains high. We hypothesized that immune modulating co-infections such as helminths, malaria, and HIV increase susceptibility to latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), thereby contributing to maintaining the tuberculosis epidemic.Methods: Adults with sputum-positive tuberculosis (index cases) and their eligible household contacts (HHCs) were recruited to a cohort study between May 2011 and January 2012. HHCs were investigated for helminths, malaria, and HIV at enrolment. HHCs were tested using the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFN) assay at enrolment and six months later. Overnight whole blood culture supernatants from baseline QFN assays were analyzed for cytokine responses using an 11-plex Luminex assay. Associations between outcomes (LTBI or cytokine responses) and exposures (co-infections and other risk factors) were examined using multivariable logistic and linear regression models.Results: We enrolled 101 index cases and 291 HHCs. Among HHCs, baseline prevalence of helminths was 9% (25/291), malaria 16% (47/291), HIV 6% (16/291), and LTBI 65% (179/277). Adjusting for other risk factors and household clustering, there was no association between LTBI and any co-infection at baseline or at six months: adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval (CI); p-value) at baseline for any helminth, 1.01 (0.39-2.66; 0.96); hookworm, 2.81 (0.56-14.14; 0.20); malaria, 1.06 (0.48-2.35; 0.87); HIV, 0.74 (0.22-2.47; 0.63). HHCs with LTBI had elevated cytokine responses to tuberculosis antigens but co-infections had little effect on cytokine responses. Exploring other risk factors, Th1 cytokines among LTBI-positive HHCs with BCG scars were greatly reduced compared to those without scars: (adjusted geometric mean ratio) IFNc 0.20 (0.09-0.42), <0.0001; IL-20.34 (0.20-0.59), <0.0001; and TNFa 0.36 (0.16-0.79), 0.01.Conclusions: We found no evidence that co-infections increase the risk of LTBI, or influence the cytokine response profile among those with LTBI. Prior BCG exposure may reduce Th1 cytokine responses in LTBI. © 2014 Biraro et al.	None	gamma interferon; interleukin 10; interleukin 13; interleukin 17; interleukin 2; interleukin 22; interleukin 5; tumor necrosis factor alpha; BCG vaccine; cytokine; adult; Article; BCG vaccination; bioassay; cohort analysis; cytokine response; disease predisposition; female; helminth; hookworm; household; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immune response; latent tuberculosis; longitudinal study; major clinical study; malaria; male; mixed infection; observational study; prevalence; risk factor; tuberculosis; Uganda; adolescent; child; epidemiology; follow up; helminthiasis; HIV Infections; immunization; immunology; incidence; latent tuberculosis; malaria; preschool child; transmission; tuberculosis; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; BCG Vaccine; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Coinfection; Cytokines; Epidemiologic Factors; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Helminthiasis; HIV Infections; Humans; Immunization; Incidence; Latent Tuberculosis; Malaria; Male; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Tuberculosis; Uganda; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949456608	The impact of the maintenance management system: A case study of the petrosa GTL refinery	Mahlangu B.P., Kruger L.P.	2015	South African Journal of Industrial Engineering	26	3	10.7166/26-3-1197	College of Economic and Management Sciences, Department of Business Management, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa	Mahlangu, B.P., College of Economic and Management Sciences, Department of Business Management, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; Kruger, L.P., College of Economic and Management Sciences, Department of Business Management, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa	This research study investigated the impact of the maintenance management system (MMS) on production output and profitability (PO&P) at the PetroSA GTL refinery, a state-owned company. The two groups that participated were the maintenance group, consisting of 56 respondents, and the production group, with 38 respondents. The main findings of the research study suggested that the MMS impacts positively on PO&P at the PetroSA GTL refinery. The maintenance scorecard assessment tool – consisting of six perspectives – was used to assess the gap between the MMS and PO&P. The positivism paradigm, the deductive process, a cross-sectional quantitative survey, and descriptive statistics were used to conduct the research study. © 2015, South African Institute of Industrial Engineering, All rights reserved.	None	Refining; Assessment tool; Descriptive statistics; Maintenance management systems; Production outputs; Research studies; State-owned companies; Maintenance	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937886083	Business environment and the financial performance of small and medium enterprises: A study of Lagos state, Nigeria	Titus O.A.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	12	4CONT4	None	College of Economic and Management Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa	Titus, O.A., College of Economic and Management Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa	The financial outcome of an enterprise is perceived to have some relationships with its operational environment. This study analysed the business environment as a correlate of financial performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), as to contribute to environment-enterprise policy mechanisms and regulatory framework, industry and management practices. Relevant definitional criteria and World Bank’s model were adopted to sample 228 SMEs from 456 via judgmental and convenience techniques. Multifactor business-environment questionnaire (MBEQ) was used to elicit responses from SMEs in a field survey. Enterprise type, activity, product line and financial performance were examined. Results showed dominance of sole proprietorship and services SMEs, multi-product lines, and highly positively correlated financial performance and business environment. Consequently, improved SME-friendly business environment was recommended. © 2015, Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved.	Business environment; Correlational analysis; Financial performance; Small and medium enterprises	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892512814	Evaluation of teachers' knowledge of the new teaching, learnig and assessment methodologies in selected primary schools	Mogashoa T.	2013	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	4	14	10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n14p75	College of Education, University of South Africa, PO Box 392, 0003 Unisa, South Africa	Mogashoa, T., College of Education, University of South Africa, PO Box 392, 0003 Unisa, South Africa	The aim of the research was to evaluate teachers' knowledge of new teaching, learning and assessment methodologies. This study was underpinned by constructivist theory. It involved an analysis of the merits and demerits of the implementation of the new teaching, learning and assessment methodologies by teachers in selected primary schools. Qualitative method was used to gather information from the different categories of participants on how teaching, learning and assessment methodologies are implemented. Data were analysed by selecting, comparing, synthesising and interpreting information to provide explanation. It has been established in this study that teachers lack knowledge of learning outcomes and assessment standards. Teachers could not mention the learning outcomes and assessment standards they have planned to address in their lesson plans. The findings revealed that teachers tried to assess learners continuously during lesson presentations. The teacher should know the content, be able to decide on method or teaching approach, level of the learners as well as the learning and teaching support materials to be used in the lesson. Teachers should strive to establish how learners should learn, what teaching and learning activities they will use and how they will check learners' understanding.	Assessment standards; Curriculum; Evaluation and assessment; Forms of assessment; Involvement; Learning outcomes; Participation; Prior knowledge; Relevant; Resources; Skills and components; Teacher	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84910100073	School truancy: Poor school attenders’ perceptions of the impact regarding dysfunctional teacher-learner relationships on truant behaviour	van Breda M.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	23	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n23p1056	College of Education, University of South Africa, South Africa	van Breda, M., College of Education, University of South Africa, South Africa	The aim of this paper was to explore truants’ perceptions of the impact of teacher’s behaviour and attitudes on their school attendance. An in-depth literature study of the latest research on truancy uncovered that past truancy research focussed predominantly on the influence of home and community related influences in causing school truant behaviour. Three hundred eighth grade learners in the Metro East Education District (MEED) in the Western Cape, South Africa, participated in a survey measuring learners’ perceptions of the effects teacher-learner relationship on school and lesson attendance. The research findings suggest that respondents perceive unfavourable school experiences including being rejected, discriminated against by teachers and subjection to undue and humiliating punitive measures as significant grounds for their deliberate absence from lessons and ultimately dropping out of school. In presenting the research findings, it is argued that teachers often overlook the effects their class room conduct and attitudes may have on learners’ sense of belonging in school, learner school attendance and how learners view them. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that education authorities take account of the research findings of dysfunctional learner-teacher relationships in combatting school truancy. © 2014, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved.	Absenteeism; Learner-teacher relationships; Non-attendance; School; Truancy	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892540235	The impact of language of learning and teaching in primary schools: A case study of the Gauteng province	Mogashoa T.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	1	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n1p295	College of Education, University of South Africa, South Africa	Mogashoa, T., College of Education, University of South Africa, South Africa	The aim of the research was to establish the impact of language of learning and teaching in selected South African primary schools. This study was underpinned by critical discourse analysis. The framework of analysis included analysis of texts, interactions and social practices at the local, institutional and societal levels. Language policies can be better understood by looking at the social issues of the community as well as the language and type of texts used. When exercising a choice with regard to method, researchers often have to decide between qualitative and quantitative methods or a combination of both. Qualitative research was chosen as a relevant research instrument for this study to gather information. During data analysis the data were organised categorically and coded and the responses were correlated with the prominent and emerging views identified in the literature survey. The findings of this study revealed that African learners are taught in second or third languages while white learners are taught in their home languages. The Department of Basic Education and policy makers should be persuaded to promote programmes in which home language instruction is given meaningful financial and material support to make the production and rewriting of textbooks and dictionaries across school curricula possible.	Critical discourse analysis; Curriculum; Evaluation and assessment; Involvement; Perspectives; Purpose and emphasis; Qualitative; Significance; Teacher	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892607471	Stakeholder perspectives on strategies that can improve student performance in the school-leaving examinations in Lesotho	Lekhetho M.	2013	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	4	3	10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n3p85	College of Education, University of South Africa, South Africa	Lekhetho, M., College of Education, University of South Africa, South Africa	Despite the endless efforts by the Lesotho government and various stakeholders to improve student outcomes in secondary schools, particularly in the school-leaving examinations, the failure rate remains stubbornly high, resulting in high wastage rate. The study adopted a quantitative approach, using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews to gather data from 808 participants who included students, teachers, principals, school board members, school inspectors and education secretaries on the strategies that can be used to improve student performance in the school-leaving examinations. Simple descriptive statistics, mainly frequency counts and percentages are used to report the results. To improve academic performance the respondents suggested that there should be collaborative determination of teachers and students, a culture of speaking English at school, regular attendance of classes by teachers, the principal's purposeful leadership and decisiveness in maintaining order and discipline, and student selectivity to ensure that good students are selected at entry levels.	Academic Performance; Admission Policy; Effectiveness; Efficiency	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907291886	Lessons from an evaluation experience: The School Wide Improvement Model (SWIM)	Msila V., Setlhako A.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	20	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n20p1467	College of Education, University of South Africa, UNISA, South Africa	Msila, V., College of Education, University of South Africa, UNISA, South Africa; Setlhako, A., College of Education, University of South Africa, UNISA, South Africa	The role of evaluation is beginning to be recognized in South African research. Researchers believe that programs and projects can be improved only if proper evaluation is conducted. This paper looks at a model developed after reading Carol Weiss’ Theory of Change. Not only did the researchers use Weiss, they also employed the work of other evaluation experts such as Patton, McDonald and Babbie. They utilized these theories when they were evaluating the Secondary School Intervention Program (SSIP) in South Africa. The researchers discussed their findings in an earlier study (2013). This specific work though explicates a developed model suggested for the improvement of the SSIP. The researchers demonstrate the complexity of evaluation and illustrate a model that has a potential influence on policy and practice, both of which are aspects emphasized by Weiss whose work is cited lavishly here. Through this (SWIM) model various aspects are explicated to show how one can overcome some of the potential challenges in program improvement. © MCSER-Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research.	Complexity; Intervention program; Policy improvement; Politics; Theory of change	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907712157	Evaluation of batch anaerobic co-digestion of palm pressed fiber and cattle manure under mesophilic conditions	Bah H., Zhang W., Wu S., Qi D., Kizito S., Dong R.	2014	Waste Management	34	11	10.1016/j.wasman.2014.07.015	College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China; College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Institute Superior of Agronomy and Veterinary of Faranah (ISAV/F), Faranah, Guinea; College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda	Bah, H., College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China, Institute Superior of Agronomy and Veterinary of Faranah (ISAV/F), Faranah, Guinea; Zhang, W., College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Wu, S., College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China; Qi, D., College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Kizito, S., College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Dong, R., College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China	Palm pressed fiber (PPF) and cattle manure (CM) are the waste which can be managed properly by anaerobic co-digestion. The biogas production in co-digested PPF and CM at three volatile solids (VS) ratios of 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3 was investigated in a series of batch experiments at an organic loading rate of 30.0g VS/L under mesophilic (37±1°C) conditions. The highest daily biogas yield of PPF and CM only, was 90.0mL/g VS<inf>added</inf> at day 12 and 23.4mL/g VS<inf>added</inf> at day 7. For co-digestion of PPF/CM at mixing ratios of 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3, there were 93.6mL/g VS<inf>added</inf> at day 11, 86.8 and 26.4mL/g VS<inf>added</inf> at day 8. VS removal rate for PPF, CM, and co-digestion at mixing ratio of 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3 were 91.1%, 86.0% and 71.0%, respectively. The anaerobic digestion of PPF and CM and their co-digestion systems were stable in operation with low range of volatile fatty acids (VFA)/TIC (total inorganic carbon) of (0.035-0.091). The main volatile fatty acids were propionic, and iso-butyric acids for PPF, iso-butyric and n-butyric acids for CM. The VFAs and ammonium inhibition were not occurred. The modified Gompertz model can be used to perform a better prediction with a lower difference between the measured and predicted biogas yields. A VS ratio of 3:1 is recommended for practice. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Anaerobic co-digestion; Biogas production; Cattle manure; Kinetic model; Palm pressed fiber	Biogas; Butyric acid; Loading; Manures; Mixing; Propionic acid; Volatile fatty acids; Anaerobic co-digestion; Biogas production; Cattle manures; Kinetic modeling; Palm pressed fibers; Anaerobic digestion; ammonia; biogas; carbon; isobutyric acid; methane; propionic acid; volatile fatty acid; biofuel; industrial waste; manure; anoxic conditions; biogas; cattle; fatty acid; manure; mixing ratio; reaction kinetics; waste management; anaerobic co digestion; anaerobic digestion; Article; batch process; biomass production; cattle; cattle manure; chemical reaction kinetics; concentration response; controlled study; evaluation research; manure; mesophile; nonhuman; palm pressed fiber; productivity; reaction optimization; simulation; temperature sensitivity; waste; waste component removal; anaerobic growth; analysis; animal; Arecaceae; bioreactor; biosynthesis; bovine; chemistry; industrial waste; manure; procedures; theoretical model; waste disposal; Bos; Anaerobiosis; Animals; Arecaceae; Biofuels; Bioreactors; Cattle; Industrial Waste; Manure; Methane; Models, Theoretical; Refuse Disposal	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-60849106681	Impact of industrial effluents on water, soils and plants in the Alakia industrial area of Ibadan, South West Nigeria	Awomeso J.A., Ufoegbune G.C., Oluwasanya G.O., Ademola-Aremu O.O.	2009	Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry	91	1	10.1080/02772240802074975	College of Environmental Resources Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Awomeso, J.A., College of Environmental Resources Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Ufoegbune, G.C., College of Environmental Resources Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Oluwasanya, G.O., College of Environmental Resources Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Ademola-Aremu, O.O., College of Environmental Resources Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Chemical analysis of the effluents of the industrial area in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria, and their effect on three communities were evaluated. The degree of pollution was ascertained by determination of the concentration of 12 metals including Pb, Cu, Ni, K, Cd, Fe, Zn, Ca, Cr, Mn, Na, Mg, a specific nonmetal phosphorus, as well as chloride (Cl) and nitrates (NO3 -. The study established the presence of metals in concentrations higher than the recommended limits in effluent discharges in all the samples in the study area. © 2009 Taylor &amp; Francis.	Effluent; Industrial growth; Metals; Pollution; Radicals	Calcium; Chlorine compounds; Chromium; Industrial plants; Lead; Manganese; Manganese compounds; Metals; Nitrogen compounds; Phosphorus; Pollution; Sewage; Sodium; Wastewater treatment; Zinc; Concentration of; Effluent discharges; Industrial areas; Industrial effluents; Industrial growth; Nigeria; Radicals; Study areas; Effluents; chemical pollutant; concentration (composition); discharge; effluent; heavy metal; nitrate; Africa; Ibadan; Nigeria; Oyo; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960165665	Ultrasound evaluation of abdominal masses in Ethiopian child patients	Kebede A.G., Nigussie Y.	2011	Tropical Doctor	41	3	10.1258/td.2011.100253	College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, PO Box 1410, Gondar, Ethiopia	Kebede, A.G., College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, PO Box 1410, Gondar, Ethiopia; Nigussie, Y., College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, PO Box 1410, Gondar, Ethiopia	The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of abdominal masses and evaluate the value of ultrasound in paediatric abdominal masses. We used a cross-sectional study of abdominal masses in children attending a university teaching hospital. The common abdominal masses were: Wilms' tumour, 12 (14.8%); lym-phoma,11 (13.6%); appendiceal mass/abscess,11 (13.6%); neuroblastoma,7 (8.6%);TB,6 (7.4%); hydronephrosis, 5 (6.2%); abdominal wall abscess,6 (7.4%); hydatidcyst, 4 (4.9%); mesenteric cyst, 3 (3.7%); and intussusceptions, 3 (3.7%). Identification of a purely cystic mass was suggestive of benign lesion (odds ratio [OR] 1/4 1 1 8, P1/4 0.0001) and masses found in the,5 years age group tend to be malignant (OR 1/4 2.77).The most common sites of origin were kidneys, retroperitoneal extra renal and gastrointestinal tract. The overall diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound was 88.9%.	None	abdominal abscess; abdominal mass; appendix tumor; article; child; diagnostic accuracy; echinococcosis; echography; ectopic kidney; female; gallbladder; gastrointestinal tract; human; hydronephrosis; hydrops; infant; intussusception; liver abscess; liver cell carcinoma; lymphoma; major clinical study; male; mesentery cyst; multicystic dysplastic kidney; nephroblastoma; neuroblastoma; pancreas cyst; peritoneum; preschool child; rhabdomyosarcoma; school child; splenomegaly; teratoma; university hospital; Abdomen; Abscess; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cysts; Ethiopia; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lymphoma; Male; Neoplasms; Neuroblastoma; Predictive Value of Tests; Wilms Tumor; Phoma	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953854148	Assessment of noise and associated health impacts at selected secondary schools in Ibadan, Nigeria	Shendell D.G., Ana G.R.E.E., Brown G.E., Sridhar M.K.C.	2009	Journal of Environmental and Public Health	2009	None	10.1155/2009/739502	College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Institute of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-3995, United States; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health University of Medicine an	Shendell, D.G., Institute of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-3995, United States, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ), Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States; Ana, G.R.E.E., College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Brown, G.E., College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Sridhar, M.K.C., College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Background. Most schools in Ibadan, Nigeria, are located near major roads (mobile line sources). We conducted an initial assessment of noise levels and adverse noise-related health and learning effects. Methods. For this descriptive, cross-sectional study, four schools were selected randomly from eight participating in overall project. We administered 200 questionnaires, 50 per school, assessing health and learning-related outcomes. Noise levels (A-weighted decibels, dBA) were measured with calibrated sound level meters. Traffic density was assessed for school with the highest measured dBA. Observational checklists assessed noise control parameters and building physical attributes. Results. Short-term, cross-sectional school-day noise levels ranged 68.3-84.7dBA. Over 60 of respondents reported that vehicular traffic was major source of noise, and over 70 complained being disturbed by noise. Three schools reported tiredness, and one school lack of concentration, as the most prevalent noise-related health problems. Conclusion. Secondary school occupants in Ibadan, Nigeria were potentially affected by exposure to noise from mobile line sources. Copyright © 2009 Godson R. E. E. Ana et al.	None	article; checklist; exposure; fatigue; health hazard; high school; human; learning; Nigeria; noise measurement; noise pollution; noise reduction; priority journal; questionnaire; sound level meter; traffic; adolescent; attention; car; cross-sectional study; female; health status; male; noise; pilot study; school; statistics; traffic noise; urban population; Adolescent; Attention; Automobiles; Cross-Sectional Studies; Fatigue; Female; Health Status; Humans; Learning; Male; Nigeria; Noise; Noise, Transportation; Pilot Projects; Questionnaires; Schools; Urban Population	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79954438383	Impact of methodological decisions on accelerometer outcome variables in young children	Ojiambo R., Cuthill R., Budd H., Konstabel K., Casajús J.A., González-Agüero A., Anjila E., Reilly J.J., Easton C., Pitsiladis Y.P.	2011	International Journal of Obesity	35	SUPPL.1	10.1038/ijo.2011.40	College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Physiology, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia; Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Division of Developmental Medicine, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston Upon Thames, Surrey, United Kingdom	Ojiambo, R., College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom, Department of Medical Physiology, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Cuthill, R., College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Budd, H., College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Konstabel, K., National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia, Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Casajús, J.A., Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; González-Agüero, A., Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Anjila, E., Department of Medical Physiology, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Reilly, J.J., Division of Developmental Medicine, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Easton, C., School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston Upon Thames, Surrey, United Kingdom; Pitsiladis, Y.P., College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom, Department of Medical Physiology, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya	Background: The impact of accelerometer-related methodological decisions relating to the assessment of physical activity and sedentary time has not been conclusively determined in young children. Objectives: To determine the effects of epoch and cutoff points on the assessment of physical activity and sedentary time and to determine the accelerometer wear time required to achieve reliable accelerometer data in children. Design: Children were recruited from centres at Ghent, Glasgow, Gothenburg and Zaragoza. Methods: Physical activity was assessed for 1 week in 86 children (41 girls, 45 boys; mean age 7±2 years) by uniaxial accelerometry. The epoch was set at 15 s and reintegrated to 30 and 60 s. Time spent sedentary and in moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was assessed using a range of cutoff points. Number of days required to achieve 80% reliability was predicted using the Spearman-Brown Prophecy formula. Results: The Reilly cutoff points (<1100 counts per min (CPM)) indicated less sedentary time per day when comparing 15 vs 30 s and 15 vs 60 s epochs: 570±91 vs 579±93 min and 570±91 vs 579±94 min, respectively; P<0.05. Pate cutoff points (>420 counts per 15 s) reported more MVPA time per day compared with Sirard (890 counts per 15 s) and Puyau cutoff points (>3200 counts per min) using 15 s epoch: 78 (4-197) min (median (range) vs 18 (1-80) min and 24 (1-100) min, respectively; P<0.001. Compliance with guidelines of at least 60 min MVPA was 84, 78 and 73% for Pate cutoff points using 15, 30 and 60 s epochs, respectively, but 0% for Sirard and Puyau cutoff points across epochs. The number of days required to achieve 80% reliability for CPM, sedentary and MVPA time was 7.4-8.5 days. Conclusion: Choice of epoch and cutoff point significantly influenced the classification of sedentary and MVPA time and observed compliance to the MVPA guidelines. © 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved.	accelerometry; IDEFICS; MVPA; objective measurement	accelerometer; article; body composition; child; correlation coefficient; female; human; human experiment; male; methodology; normal human; outcome variable; physical activity; practice guideline; priority journal; reliability; school child; sedentary lifestyle; Acceleration; Child; Decision Making; Exercise; Exercise Test; Female; Humans; Male; Monitoring, Ambulatory; Motor Activity; Sedentary Lifestyle	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930268635	Evaluation of sulfonated acrylamide-based tetrapolymer as a rheology modifier in water-based drilling fluid	Nagre R.D., Zhao L., Frimpong I.K., Owusu P.A.	2015	Petroleum and Coal	57	2	None	College of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China; College of Geophysics and Oil Resources, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China; Faculty of Engineering, Kumasi Polytechnic, Kumasi, Ghana	Nagre, R.D., College of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China, Faculty of Engineering, Kumasi Polytechnic, Kumasi, Ghana; Zhao, L., College of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China; Frimpong, I.K., College of Geophysics and Oil Resources, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China, Faculty of Engineering, Kumasi Polytechnic, Kumasi, Ghana; Owusu, P.A., College of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China, Faculty of Engineering, Kumasi Polytechnic, Kumasi, Ghana	The need for improved water-based drilling fluid systems for application in unfavourable wellbore con-ditions is a persistent challenge to oilwell drilling operation. This study evaluates the appropriateness of a synthetic tetrapolymer as a rheology modifier in water-based drilling fluid for application at elevated temperatures. The tetrapolymer, comprising acrylamide, sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and N-butyl propenoate (TPM4) was synthesized in aqueous medium by free-radi-cal polymerization and characterized by Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy. Experimental design using six factors involving monomer molar ratios, total monomer concentration, initiator dosage, reaction temperature, pH and reaction time, was used to establish the optimum conditions of synthesis of the tetrapolymer. Rheological and fluid loss properties of the tetrapolymer were assessed in water-based drilling fluids. The tetrapolymer effected about four-fold filtration loss control in 4% KCl bentonite-based mud compared to the blank at 140°C. It also exhibited good viscosification of the mud and favourably retained mud viscosity up to 150°C.	Filtration loss; Rheological property; Temperature and salt resistance; Tetrapolymer; Water-based mud	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84959258429	Prognostication of water flooding performance in communicating layered reservoir	Owusu P.A., De Hua L., Nagre R.D.	2015	International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering	8	5	None	College of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China; Department of Civil Engineering, Kumasi Polytechnic, P.O. Box 854, Kumasi, Ghana	Owusu, P.A., College of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China, Department of Civil Engineering, Kumasi Polytechnic, P.O. Box 854, Kumasi, Ghana; De Hua, L., College of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China; Nagre, R.D., College of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China, Department of Civil Engineering, Kumasi Polytechnic, P.O. Box 854, Kumasi, Ghana	A model which approaches the recovery performance of waterflooding in communicating stratified reservoirs with log-normal permeability distribution is presented. The reservoir permeability is characterized by the Dykstra-Parsons variation coefficient (V) and standard deviation of the distribution (σ_k). The hydrocarbon pore volume is also characterized by normal distribution. The model allows for effect of variation of hydrocarbon pore volume. Comparison of the results obtained is made with the Dykstra-Parsons model. The performance of the reservoir is expressed in term of vertical sweep as a function of the producing water-oil ratio. Expressions for pseudo-relative permeability function and fractional flow curves are derived. The recovery performance is found to be dependent on mobility ratio and permeability variation. For a given water-oil ratio the vertical coverage increases as mobility ratio increases but decreases as permeability variation increases. Oil recovery therefore is enhanced for system with mobility ratio less than unity and retards for system with above unit mobility ratio. Below unit mobility ratio, Dykstra-Parson model gives reduced vertical coverage but higher at above unit mobility ratio compared to the model presented. The variation of porosity is found to increase oil recovery over the case of constant porosity and it is dependent on the rise of permeability variation and mobility ratio. Truncating the permeability significantly increases the vertical coverage and telling effect on the behavior on the performance prediction. © 2015 CAFET-INNOVA Technical Society All rights reserved.	Mobility ratio; Permeability cut; Permeability variation; Vertical coverage; Water flooding; Water-oil ratio	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926217410	Development and evaluation of pictograms on medication labels for patients with limited literacy skills in a culturally diverse multiethnic population	Kheir N., Awaisu A., Radoui A., El Badawi A., Jean L., Dowse R.	2014	Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy	10	5	10.1016/j.sapharm.2013.11.003	College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2317, Doha, Qatar; Qatar Petroleum, Doha, Qatar; Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	Kheir, N., College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2317, Doha, Qatar; Awaisu, A., College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2317, Doha, Qatar; Radoui, A., College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2317, Doha, Qatar; El Badawi, A., College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2317, Doha, Qatar; Jean, L., Qatar Petroleum, Doha, Qatar; Dowse, R., Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	Background: Much of the migrant workforce in Qatar is of low literacy level and does not understand Arabic or English, presenting a significant challenge to health care professionals. Medicine labels are typically in Arabic and English and are therefore poorly understood by these migrant workers. Objective: To develop pictograms illustrating selected medicine label instructions and to evaluate comprehension of the pictograms or conventional text supported with verbal instructions in foreign workers with low literacy skills. Methods: A range of common labeling instructions were identified and pictograms depicting these were developed using visual concepts and ideas from the literature. The process involved a consultative approach with input from the researchers, a local graphic artist, and members of the target population. The final set was evaluated for comprehension in participants who were randomized to one of three study groups: text plus verbal instructions, pictogram-only label, and pictogram with verbal instructions. One-way ANOVA and Chi-square tests were used to assess differences between group variables. Statistical significance was set at P≤0.05. Results: Of 23 label instructions screened, 11 were selected for the study. A total of 123 participants took part in this study. Pictogram plus verbal instructions group achieved better results in interpreting the majority of the label instructions (P≤0.05). The best interpreted pictograms with verbal instructions included: "Take two tablets three times a day," "Take one tablet in the morning and one tablet at night," and "Instill one drop in the eye." The worst interpreted pictograms with verbal instructions were: "Do not take with dairy products" and "Do not use by mouth." Some pictograms were difficult to interpret even when accompanied with verbal instructions, suggesting the need to thoroughly pilot them among users prior to implementation. Conclusion: Medication labels consisting of simple pictorials supported by verbal instructions were better comprehended by individuals with low literacy skills than labels with written plus verbal instructions in a language that the individual did not understand. Further, pictogram-only labels were the least comprehended types of medicine labels among the participants. © 2014 Elsevier Inc.	Labels; Low literacy; Medicines; Pharmacy; Pictogram; Qatar	adult; comprehension; drug labeling; ethnic group; evaluation study; health literacy; human; medical information; migration; patient education; procedures; Qatar; young adult; Adult; Comprehension; Drug Labeling; Ethnic Groups; Health Communication; Health Literacy; Humans; Patient Education as Topic; Qatar; Transients and Migrants; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892565600	Corruption, foreign direct investment and its impact on exchange rate of the Nigerian economy	Erhieyovwe E.K., Onokero I.I.	2013	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	4	3	10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n3p345	College of Physical Education, Mosogar Delta state, Nigeria; College of Education, Agbor Delta state, Nigeria	Erhieyovwe, E.K., College of Physical Education, Mosogar Delta state, Nigeria; Onokero, I.I., College of Education, Agbor Delta state, Nigeria	This paper seeks to analyze corruption, foreign direct investment and its impact on exchange of the Nigerian economy. The ultimate objective of this study centers on an empirical investigation of the impact of corruption, foreign direct investment and its impact on exchange rate of the Nigerian economy. In order to achieve these objectives the study used the ordinary least squares regression analyses, augmented dickey fuller unit root test and the co-integration test. The unit root test revealed that all the variables were stationary at first difference and the short run result revealed that corruption is very high in Nigeria and that have help to depreciate the currency of the country with regards its exchange to other currencies. The study recommends that war against corruption or state of emergency on corruption should be vigorously pursued, this will help to remold the image of the Nigerian economy and encourage more foreign investors that will help to equate our exchange rate to other currencies.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-48349146023	Influence of carbon sources on electrochemical performances of LiFePO4/C composites	Chen Z.-y., Zhu H.-l., Ji S., Fakir R., Linkov V.	2008	Solid State Ionics	179	27-32	10.1016/j.ssi.2008.04.018	College of Physics and Electronic Science, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410076, China; SAIAMC, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa	Chen, Z.-y., College of Physics and Electronic Science, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410076, China, SAIAMC, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; Zhu, H.-l., College of Physics and Electronic Science, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410076, China; Ji, S., SAIAMC, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; Fakir, R., SAIAMC, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; Linkov, V., SAIAMC, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa	LiFePO4/C was synthesized via a solid-state reaction under N2 atmosphere, and the reaction precursor was prepared by a sol-gel method. The XRD results prove that the sintering temperature and carbon source have played a very important role in the crystallinity of LiFePO4/C composite. Complete crystallization occurred in the temperature range of 650-700 °C. The X-ray diffraction intensity of LiFePO4/C composite dropped, when the carbon source content was beyond 20%. The particles of synthesized LiFePO4/C were fine and homogeneous in size, with an average diameter of 100 nm. Charge-discharge tests were done with the synthesized LiFePO4/C served as cathode materials. It was found that the carbon source has a close relation to the initial discharge capacity of the composites. At a discharge rate of 0.1 C, the initial discharge capacities were 125.3, 133.3 and 155.0 mAh·g- 1 with the 20% content of acetylene black, sucrose and glucose as the carbon sources respectively. The LiFePO4/C composite prepared with glucose as the carbon source exhibited excellent large current charge-discharge properties. At discharge rates of 1 C and 3 C, the initial discharge capacities were 90% and 80%, respectively of that at 0.1 C. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Cathode material; Composite; LiFePO4/C; Lithium ion battery	Carbon sources; Electrochemical performances	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79956319956	Evaluation of resistance in wheat germplasm to the aphids, Sitobion avenae based on Technique for order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) TOPSIS and cluster methods	Wang C.-P., Chen Q., Luo K., Zhao H.-Y., Zhang G.-S., Tlali R.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	6	None	College of Plant Protection, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China; Department of Crops Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Maseru 100, Lesotho, South Africa	Wang, C.-P., College of Plant Protection, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China, College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China; Chen, Q., College of Plant Protection, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Luo, K., College of Plant Protection, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Zhao, H.-Y., College of Plant Protection, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Zhang, G.-S., College of Plant Protection, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Tlali, R., Department of Crops Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Maseru 100, Lesotho, South Africa	Sitobion avenae is the dominant and destructive pest in wheat production regions in China. Therefore, breeders developed new and high resistant varieties to ensure stable yields. In this paper, thirteen comprehensive agronomic characteristics of twenty-two wheat germplasm resources were investigated, and the data for the resources collected in the latest two years were treated with Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS method) and cluster analysis. The priority order of alternatives ranks obtained from the TOPSIS method and aphid index analysis is the same. The order of alternatives ranks is as follows: Yumai70>Amigo>186Tm>Xiaoyan22>PI>Donghan1>98-10-35>...>Datang991>Qianjinzao. It was also found that the examined 22 wheat germplasm resources could be agglomerated into four clusters. Five good germplasm, namely 186Tm, Yumai70, AMIGO, Xiaoyan22, 98-10-35, could be used directly or as parents for breeding wheat varieties for resistance to S. avenae. Furthermore, the results showed TOPSIS analysis and cluster analysis are highly consistent with each other. But TOPSIS method is the best comprehensive method for the evaluation of resistance in wheat breeding to the aphids. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Agronomic characteristic; Cluster analysis; Germplasm resources; Sitobion avenae; Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution method; Wheat (Triticum aestivum)	Aphididae; Sitobion avenae; Triticum aestivum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953303691	Cost-effectiveness analysis of clinical specialist outreach as compared to referral system in Ethiopia: An economic evaluation	Kifle Y.A., Nigatu T.H.	2010	Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation	8	None	10.1186/1478-7547-8-13	College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Department of Monitoring, Evaluation and Research, African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Kifle, Y.A., College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Nigatu, T.H., Department of Monitoring, Evaluation and Research, African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Background: In countries with scarce specialized Human resource for health, patients are usually referred. The other alternative has been mobilizing specialists, clinical specialist outreach. This study examines whether clinical specialist outreach is a cost effective way of using scarce health expertise to provide specialist care as compared to provision of such services through referral system in Ethiopia.Methods: A cross-sectional study on four purposively selected regional hospitals and three central referral hospitals was conducted from Feb 4-24, 2009. The perspective of analysis was societal covering analytic horizon and time frame from 1 April 2007 to 31 Dec 2008. Data were collected using interview of specialists, project focal persons, patients and review of records. To ensure the propriety standards of evaluation, Ethical clearance was obtained from Jimma University.Results: It was found that 532 patients were operated at outreach hospitals in 125 specialist days. The unit cost of surgical procedures was found to be ETB 4,499.43. On the other hand, if the 125 clinical specialist days were spent to serve patients referred from zonal and regional hospitals at central referral hospitals, 438 patients could have been served. And the unit cost of surgical procedures through referral would have been ETB 6,523.27 per patient. This makes clinical specialist outreach 1.45 times more cost effective way of using scarce clinical specialists' time as compared to referral system.Conclusion: Clinical specialist outreach is a cost effective and cost saving way of spending clinical specialists' time as compared to provision of similar services through referral system. © 2010 Kifle and Nigatu; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	article; clinical trial; controlled study; cost effectiveness analysis; economic evaluation; Ethiopia; health care cost; human; major clinical study; medical specialist; multicenter study; patient referral; resource allocation; surgical technique	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866323459	Orphanage caregivers' perceptions: The impact of organizational factors on the provision of services to orphans in the Ashanti Region of Ghana	Castillo J.T., Sarver C.M., Bettmann J.E., Mortensen J., Akuoko K.	2012	Journal of Children and Poverty	18	2	10.1080/10796126.2012.710484	College of Social Work, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Sociology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Castillo, J.T., College of Social Work, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Sarver, C.M., College of Social Work, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Bettmann, J.E., College of Social Work, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Mortensen, J., College of Social Work, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Akuoko, K., Department of Sociology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Adding to the growing body of literature on outcomes for children living in orphanages and children's homes, this qualitative study explored the perceptions of institutional personnel - caregivers, staff members, supervisors, and administrators - about organizational factors affecting their ability to care for orphaned and vulnerable children living in institutions in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The participants in this study consisted of 59 caregivers, 7 supervisors, 10 administrators, 4 cooks, 4 teachers, 1 social worker, 1 security guard/driver, and 6 women classified as house helpers. Individual interviews were conducted using an English-written and stated semistructured interview guide the researchers had created. The data from the 92 interviews were transcribed and coded using inductive methodologies. The results revealed concerns from the personnel about their institutions' lack of adequate funding for essential items, including food and medicine for the children. The personnel were also concerned about the lack of appropriate workplace standards to ensure the sustainability of a viable workplace environment, including inadequate training, supervision, communication procedures, and staffing patterns, and collaborative partnerships and associations with other public or private community-based institutions. The findings from this study have considerable policy, practice, and research implications for social workers. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	Ghana; organizational structure; orphan caregiver; orphanage; orphans	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907897288	Characterizations of basalt unsaturated polyester laminates under static three-point bending and low-velocity impact loadings	Gideon R.K., Hu H., Wambua P., Gu B.	2014	Polymer Composites	35	11	10.1002/pc.22885	College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China; School of Engineering, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya	Gideon, R.K., College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China; Hu, H., College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China; Wambua, P., School of Engineering, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Gu, B., College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China	This paper reports the responses of basalt unsaturated polyester laminates under static three-point bending loading and low-velocity impact. Three kinds of composite materials, unidirectional (0°), cross-ply (0°/90°) and woven laminates were considered. The laminates were fabricated by layup process and hot pressed under pressure. Static three-point bending tests and low-velocity impact tests were conducted to obtain the force-deflection, force-time, deflection-time, velocity-time, and energy-time curves. The results showed that unidirectional (0°) laminates carried more load during static loading, but in the event of dynamic loading, cross-ply, and woven laminates were more superior. It was observed that the failure of 0° laminates was along the fiber direction while for cross-ply and woven, the damage was localized, around the impacted locations. From the different combinations of unidirectional (0°), cross-ply (0°/90°) and woven lamina, the impact behaviors could be optimized with the lowest area density. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers.	None	Low velocity impact; Three point bending; Unsaturated polyester	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870665521	The use of hybrid algorithms to improve the performance of yarn parameters prediction models	Mwasiagi J.I., Huang X.B., Wang X.H.	2012	Fibers and Polymers	13	9	10.1007/s12221-012-1201-x	College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China; School of Engineering, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya	Mwasiagi, J.I., College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China, School of Engineering, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Huang, X.B., College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China; Wang, X.H., College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China	Although gradient based Backpropagation (BP) training algorithms have been widely used in Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) models for the prediction of yarn quality properties, they still suffer from some drawbacks which include tendency to converge to local minima. One strategy of improving ANN models trained using gradient based BP algorithms is the use of hybrid training algorithms made of global based algorithms and local based BP algorithms. The aim of this paper was to improve the performance of Levenberg-Marquardt Backpropagation (LMBP) training algorithm, which is a local based BP algorithm by using a hybrid algorithm. The hybrid algorithms combined Differential Evolution (DE) and LMBP algorithms. The yarn quality prediction models trained using the hybrid algorithms performed better and exhibited better generalization when compared to the models trained using the LM algorithms. © 2012 The Korean Fiber Society and Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	artificial neural network (ANN); Cotton fiber; Differential Evolution (DE); Levenberg-Marquardt (LM); Ring spinning; Yarn quality properties	Backpropagation training algorithm; BP algorithm; Differential Evolution; Gradient based; Hybrid algorithms; Hybrid training; Levenberg-Marquardt; LM algorithm; LMBP algorithm; Local minimums; Prediction model; Ring spinning; Training algorithms; Yarn quality; Yarn quality prediction; Cotton fibers; Evolutionary algorithms; Mathematical models; Neural networks; Spinning (fibers); Wool; Yarn; Backpropagation algorithms	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33747072838	Evaluation of the growth performance of brown swiss, n'dama and brown swiss x n'dama crossbred genotypes in the humid tropics	Ozoje M.O., Nwosu I.C., Ngere L.O.	2005	Journal of Genetics and Breeding	59	2	None	Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, College of Animal Sciences and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P.M.B.2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Ozoje, M.O., Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, College of Animal Sciences and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P.M.B.2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Nwosu, I.C., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ngere, L.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Growth performance traits of 549 calves of different genotypes, from a long term crossbreeding programme in a dual-purpose (meat and milk) herd were studied. The effects of genotype (N'Dama, Brown Swiss, F1s, F2s, 25%, 62% and 75% Brown Swiss backcrosses), year of birth, sex and season on growth rate and body weight at birth, weaning and at 365day of age were studied along with estimated genetic parameters. Genotype significantly (P<0.05) affected the growth parameters studied. At birth, the Brown Swiss (BS) calves with average weight of 31.50kg were significantly heavier than the N'Dama calves and the various crossbred progenies. Among the crossbreds, F1s weighing 26.02kg were significantly heavier when compared with the F2s, 75%, 62% and 25% Brown Swiss. At weaning, there was no significant difference between average body weight of F1s and Brown Swiss calves, whereas the differences between the Brown Swiss calves and calves of other genotype groups became wider. The weight advantage of the F1s and the Brown Swiss calves was consistently maintained till yearling age at 365 days. A general heterotic advantage was observed among the crossbred progenies. Individual and maternal heterosis was positive for all traits. Mortality rate was highest among the 75% BS calves. The significant (P<0.05) effect of year of birth affected all growth traits. Calves born in the earlier years were significantly heavier than those born the latter years. The lowest birth weight was recorded in the year 1987, while the heaviest was recorded in 1974. Similar trend was observed at weaning. Calves average daily gains were linearly related to live weight at birth and at weaning. Season significantly (P<0.05) affected weight at birth and at weaning. Calves born in the early dry season (October-December) were heavier at birth and at weaning. The estimate of heritability and repeatability were moderately high. The genetic and phenotypic correlations were all positive ranging from 0.12 to 0.77.	Birth weight; Crossbred calves; Genetic and phenotypic correlations; Heritability; Repeatability; Weaning weight; Yearling weight	Dama	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919752607	Pre-service ultrasonic and manual evaluation of the reproductive organs of dairy cows presumed to be in estrus	Hansar E., Lemma A., Yilma T.	2014	SpringerPlus	3	1	10.1186/2193-1801-3-529	College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	Hansar, E., College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Lemma, A., College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Yilma, T., College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	Manual and ultrasonic evaluation of the the reproductive organs of 62 dairy cows and heifers belonging to smallholder farms was conducted. The objective was to assess the efficiency of visual estrus detection method in the dairy animals that were presented for artificial insemination. Data were collected on reproductive status, body condition, estrus signs, and findings of rectal examination. Thirty-three animals were inseminated after ultrasonic evaluation while 29 animals were inseminated after manual evaluation through rectal palpation. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed using ultrasound 30 days post insemination. The most frequently observed estrus signs by the dairy owners were mucus discharge (83.9%) and mounting (67.7%) while the most frequently confirmed physical signs of estrus by rectal examination were cervical opening (88.7%), and uterine turgidity (82.3%). The overall mean (±SD) diameter of the largest follicle was 12.9 ± 3.4 mm with an average number of 3.5 follicles per ovary. The overall pregnancy rate was 29%. Evaluation of post-insemination records showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the diameter of largest follicle between the pregnant (14.7 mm) and non-pregnant (12.1 mm) animals. The mean (±SD) time interval between the first observed estrus sign to service were 10.5 ± 7.0 hrs and 14.5 ± 10.0 hrs for pregnant and non-pregnant, respectively. The low pregnancy rate, delayed time of insemination, and the difference in the size of dominant follicle indicate the incompatibility between visual estrus detection and optimal time of insemination. This confirms the significance of improving estrus detection and the need for combining estrus signs with pre-service evaluation of the reproductive organs either manually or using ultrasound. © 2014, Hansar et al.; licensee Springer.	Artificial insemination; Estrus sign; Reproductive organs; Ultrasonography	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938288655	Trypanosome infection in dromedary camels in Eastern Ethiopia: Prevalence, relative performance of diagnostic tools and host related risk factors	Fikru R., Andualem Y., Getachew T., Menten J., Hasker E., Merga B., Goddeeris B.M., Büscher P.	2015	Veterinary Parasitology	211	42433	10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.04.008	College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nationalestraat 155, Antwerp, Belgium; KU Leuven, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department Biosystems, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, Leuven, Belgium; School of Veterinary Medicine, Wollo University, PO Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Nationalestraat 155, Antwerp, Belgium; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Public Health, Nationalestraat 155, Antwerp, Belgium	Fikru, R., College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nationalestraat 155, Antwerp, Belgium, KU Leuven, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department Biosystems, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, Leuven, Belgium; Andualem, Y., School of Veterinary Medicine, Wollo University, PO Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia; Getachew, T., College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Menten, J., Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Nationalestraat 155, Antwerp, Belgium; Hasker, E., Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Public Health, Nationalestraat 155, Antwerp, Belgium; Merga, B., College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Goddeeris, B.M., KU Leuven, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department Biosystems, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, Leuven, Belgium; Büscher, P., Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nationalestraat 155, Antwerp, Belgium	A cross-sectional study was conducted in Chifra and Dewe districts of Afar region, Eastern Ethiopia, to determine the prevalence, agreement between diagnostic tests and host related risk factors of trypanosome infection in camel. An overall prevalence of 2%, 24.1%, 21.3%, 9.5% and 7.8% was recorded with respectively Giemsa stained thin blood smear, CATT/T. evansi, RoTat1.2 PCR, 18S PCR and ITS-1PCR in a cohort of 399 animals. Only one T. vivax infection was confirmed by TvPRAC PCR indicating T. evansi as the predominant species affecting camels in the study area. No single animal was positive when tested with T. evansi type B specific EVAB PCR. There was slight agreement between the CATT/T. evansi and the molecular tests. Among the PCR methods, RoTat 1.2 PCR yielded a significantly higher positivity rate compared to 18S PCR and ITS-1 PCR. There was no significant difference in the positivity rate observed in each gender of camels (p>0.05). The positivity rate was significantly higher in camels with poor body condition and in older animals when tested using the CATT/T.evansi or RoTat 1.2 PCR (p>0.05). Camels that tested positive with all tests had significantly lower PCV's (p<0.05). This study provides further evidence that T. evansi is endemic in the Afar region of Ethiopia. The latent class analysis indicated an estimate overall prevalence of 19% (95% CI: 13-28). Moreover, the model indicated low sensitivity of CATT/T. evansi (43%) and the PCR tests (39-53%) but higher specificity of the PCR tests (86-99%) and low specificity of CATT/T. evansi (80%). This study suggests that improved sensitivity and reliability of the tests would help diagnosis of trypanosomosis. Further studies are required to determine the prevalence of clinical disease and losses due to trypanosomosis. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Dromedary camel; Ethiopia; Prevalence; Risk factor; Trypanosoma evansi; Trypanosoma vivax; Trypanosomosis	animal parasitosis; Article; blood smear; cohort analysis; controlled study; cross-sectional study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test; diagnostic test accuracy study; diagnostic value; dromedary; Ethiopia; female; host parasite interaction; infection risk; male; nonhuman; parasite identification; parasite prevalence; polymerase chain reaction; risk assessment; risk factor; sensitivity and specificity; serology; Trypanosoma evansi; Trypanosoma vivax; trypanosomiasis; Animalia; Camelidae; Camelus dromedarius; Trypanosoma evansi; Trypanosoma vivax	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897641690	Production performance of dairy cows under farmer's management in and around Mekelle, Ethiopia	Kumar N., Abadi Y., Gebrekidan B., Tegegne D.T.	2014	Global Veterinaria	12	2	10.5829/idosi.gv.2014.12.02.82119	College of Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle University, P.O. Box-231, Mekelle, Ethiopia	Kumar, N., College of Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle University, P.O. Box-231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Abadi, Y., College of Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle University, P.O. Box-231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Gebrekidan, B., College of Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle University, P.O. Box-231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Tegegne, D.T., College of Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle University, P.O. Box-231, Mekelle, Ethiopia	The study was conducted on altogether 475 milch animals comprising of 223 indigenous and 252 Holstein-Friesian (HF) crossbred cows, maintained under farmer's managemental system in and around Mekelle (Ethiopia), were analyzed according to Least Squares Analysis to study the magnitude as well as direction of variation in their lactation length (LL), lactation milk yield (LMY) and peak-yield (PY) due to genetic and some non-genetic factors. The overall Least Squares Means for LL, LMY and PY were estimated to be 292.53±24.09 days, 1320.64±94.68 liters and 7.89±0.14 liters respectively. Genetic group and lactation order had significant effect (P≤0.01) on LL, LMY and PY. Season of calving had significant effect (P≤0.01) on LMY and PY but its effect on LL was non-significant. Effect of herd-size was significant (P≤0.05) on LMY while its effect on LL and PY was non-significant. Variation in all the traits due to location of herd and farming system were statistically non-significant. © IDOSI Publications, 2014.	Lactation length; Lactation milk yield; Mekelle; Peak yield	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899092479	Productive performance of indigenous and HF crossbred dairy cows in Gondar, Ethiopia	Kumar N., Eshetie A., Tesfaye A., Yizengaw H.A.	2014	Veterinary World	7	3	10.14202/vetworld.2014.177-181	College of Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle University, P.O.Box-231, Mekelle, Ethiopia	Kumar, N., College of Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle University, P.O.Box-231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Eshetie, A., College of Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle University, P.O.Box-231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Tesfaye, A., College of Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle University, P.O.Box-231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Yizengaw, H.A., College of Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle University, P.O.Box-231, Mekelle, Ethiopia	Aim: To study the magnitude of variation in lactation length (LL), lactation milk yield (LMY) and peak-yield (PY)due to genetic and non-genetic cases in indigenous and crossbred cattle reared under private dairy unit in and around Gondar, Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 411 milch animals from 86 dairy farmers comprising of 172 indigenous and 239 Holstein-Friesian (HF) crossbred cows. These cows were maintained under farmer's management system in and around Gondar (Ethiopia) and were analyzed by Least squares analysis to study the magnitude of variation in their LL, LMY and PY due to genetic and some non-genetic factors. Result: The overall Least squares means for LL, LMY and PY were estimated to be 275.1165.23 days, 1407.3471.34 litres and 6.880.38 litres respectively. Genetic group and lactation order had significant effect (P0.01) on LL, LMY and PY. Season of calving had significant effect (P0.01) on LMY and PY but its effect on LL was non-significant. Effect of location of herd was significant (P0.05) on LMY and PY while its effect on LL was non-significant. Variations in all the traits due to herd size and farming system were statistically non-significant. Conclusion: Productive performance of dairy cows in this study was found to be lesser than the optimum values desirable for profitable milk production. © The authors.	Crossbred cows; Indigenous; Lactation length; Lactation milk yield; Peak milk yield	Animalia; Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899675678	Reproductive performance of dairy cows under farmer's management in and around Mekelle, Ethiopia	Kumar N., Tkui K., Bisrat A.	2014	Livestock Research for Rural Development	26	5	None	College of Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle University, PO Box-231, Mekelle, Ethiopia	Kumar, N., College of Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle University, PO Box-231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Tkui, K., College of Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle University, PO Box-231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Bisrat, A., College of Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle University, PO Box-231, Mekelle, Ethiopia	The study was conducted on 475 milch animals comprising of 223 indigenous and 252 Holstein-Friesian (HF) crossbred cows maintained under farmer's management system in and around Mekelle, Ethiopia. Data were analyzed according to least squares analysis to study the magnitude and direction of variation in days open (DO), calving interval (CI) and number of services per conception (NSC) due to genetic and some non-genetic factors. The overall least squares means for DO, CI and NSC were 157.0±62.0 days, 453.6±88.3 days and 1.7±0.2 services, respectively. The genetic constitution of the animals influenced DO, CI and NSC significantly (p<0.01). Lactation order had significant effect on CI and NSC (p<0.01) and DO (p<0.05). Season of calving, location of the herd, herd size and farming system had not statistically significant effect on all traits.	Calving interval; Days open; Service per conception	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36448940830	Environmental impact assessment of risk associated with groundwater overdraft remediation in cone of depression, Jining, China	Ong'or B.T.I., Shu L.-C., Liu P.-G.	2007	Environmental Geology	53	4	10.1007/s00254-007-0687-9	College of Water Resources and Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Science and Technology, Western University, P.O. Box 190, Kakamega 50100, Kenya	Ong'or, B.T.I., College of Water Resources and Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China, College of Science and Technology, Western University, P.O. Box 190, Kakamega 50100, Kenya; Shu, L.-C., College of Water Resources and Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Liu, P.-G., College of Water Resources and Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China	In this paper, a simple scenario and probabilistic approach is used to assess the potential groundwater risk due to proposed overdraft remedial actions in cone of depression, Jining City, China. Focusing on the concentrations of Chloride ions (Cl -) and total hardness (TH), the impact of artificial recharge and reduced pumping on groundwater quality and quantity is analysed by using the three-dimensional finite difference groundwater flow and transport model, Visual MODFLOW, to simulate groundwater flow and transport within the study area based on scenarios, and utilizes SURFER software to map risk levels. Although 5, 10 or 15% reduced pumping with artificial recharge leads to more decrease in Cl - and TH concentrations than the 25%, less volume increase is achieved for the remediation of land subsidence and other environmental problems in the cone of depression. The Cl - concentrations in recovered groundwater are within the desired concentration of 200 mg/l; however, TH in some cases are above the maximum permissible limit of 500 mg/l, with an exceedence probability of about 0.67 for recharge and recharge with reduced pumping at 25%. The presence of fractures and hydrogeological complexity greatly determines impacts of remediation, and the 22% reduced pumping with artificial recharge offers an optimum strategy for overdraft remediation in the Jining cone of depression. © 2007 Springer-Verlag.	Artificial recharge; Groundwater quality and quantity; Jining China; Reduced pumping; Risk assessments; Visual MODFLOW	Chlorine compounds; Environmental impact; Hydrogeology; Probabilistic logics; Remediation; Risk assessment; Three dimensional; Chloride ions; Overdraft remedial actions; Three-dimensional finite difference groundwater flow; Transport model; Groundwater; chloride; degradation; environmental impact assessment; groundwater flow; hardness; recharge; remediation; risk assessment; three-dimensional flow; water quality; Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Jining; Shandong	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846580904	Groundwater overdraft vulnerability and environmental impact assessment in Arusha	Ong'or B.T.I., Long-Cang S.	2007	Environmental Geology	51	7	10.1007/s00254-006-0408-9	College of Water Resources and Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Science and Technology, Western University, P.O. Box 190, Kakamega 50100, Kenya	Ong'or, B.T.I., College of Water Resources and Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China, College of Science and Technology, Western University, P.O. Box 190, Kakamega 50100, Kenya; Long-Cang, S., College of Water Resources and Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China	A simple approach is proposed for identifying areas vulnerable to groundwater overdraft. The methodology utilizes GIS techniques to analyze and evaluate controlling factors in areas with little data. The proposed methodology was applied in Arusha. Water demand in Arusha Municipality and its environs has increased to about 5.3% annually since 1999. Groundwater levels have declined. The aquifer hydrogeological variables were evaluated for impact to potential groundwater overdraft by overlay and index techniques. The spatial distribution of overdraft vulnerability was discussed. The northwestern part of Arusha is the most vulnerable to overdraft and possible serious environmental impacts. The Loruvani area has the most potential for aquifer development due to its permeability, high recharge rate, massive aquifer thickness and low drawdown. © 2006 Springer-Verlag.	Arusha; Environmental impacts; Geographic information system; Groundwater overdraft; Groundwater spatial and temporal vulnerability; Hydrogeological; Qualitative hydrogeology; Tanzania	Aquifers; Environmental impact; Geographical regions; Hydrogeology; Municipal engineering; Water supply; Groundwater levels; Groundwater overdraft; Hydrogeological variables; Qualitative hydrogeology; Groundwater; aquifer characterization; environmental impact assessment; GIS; groundwater; hydrogeology; index method; methodology; spatial distribution; vulnerability; water demand; water level; Africa; Arusha [Arusha (RGA)]; Arusha [Tanzania]; East Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952625965	Placebo-mediated, Naloxone-sensitive suggestibility of short-term memory performance	Stern J., Candia V., Porchet R.I., Krummenacher P., Folkers G., Schedlowski M., Ettlin D.A., Schönbächler G.	2011	Neurobiology of Learning and Memory	95	3	10.1016/j.nlm.2011.01.005	Collegium Helveticum, ETH and University of Zurich, Schmelzbergstr. 25, 8092 CH-Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, United Kingdom; Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 D-Essen, Germany; Center for Oral Medicine, Dental and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 CH-Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Stern, J., Collegium Helveticum, ETH and University of Zurich, Schmelzbergstr. 25, 8092 CH-Zurich, Switzerland; Candia, V., Collegium Helveticum, ETH and University of Zurich, Schmelzbergstr. 25, 8092 CH-Zurich, Switzerland; Porchet, R.I., Collegium Helveticum, ETH and University of Zurich, Schmelzbergstr. 25, 8092 CH-Zurich, Switzerland, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, United Kingdom; Krummenacher, P., Collegium Helveticum, ETH and University of Zurich, Schmelzbergstr. 25, 8092 CH-Zurich, Switzerland; Folkers, G., Collegium Helveticum, ETH and University of Zurich, Schmelzbergstr. 25, 8092 CH-Zurich, Switzerland; Schedlowski, M., Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 D-Essen, Germany; Ettlin, D.A., Center for Oral Medicine, Dental and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 CH-Zurich, Switzerland; Schönbächler, G., Collegium Helveticum, ETH and University of Zurich, Schmelzbergstr. 25, 8092 CH-Zurich, Switzerland, Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Physiological studies of placebo-mediated suggestion have been recently performed beyond their traditional clinical context of pain and analgesia. Various neurotransmitter systems and immunological modulators have been used in successful placebo suggestions, including Dopamine, Cholecystokinin and, most extensively, opioids. We adhered to an established conceptual framework of placebo research and used the μ-opioid-antagonist Naloxone to test the applicability of this framework within a cognitive domain (e.g. memory) in healthy volunteers. Healthy men (n= 62, age 29, SD = 9) were required to perform a task-battery, including standardized and custom-designed memory tasks, to test short-term recall and delayed recognition. Tasks were performed twice, before and after intravenous injection of either NaCl (0.9%) or Naloxone (both 0.15. mg/kg), in a double-blind setting. While one group was given neutral information (S-), the other was told that it might receive a drug with suspected memory-boosting properties (S+). Objective and subjective indexes of memory performance and salivary cortisol (as a stress marker) were recorded during both runs and differences between groups were assessed. Short-term memory recall, but not delayed recognition, was objectively increased after placebo-mediated suggestion in the NaCl-group. Naloxone specifically blocked the suggestion effect without interfering with memory performance. These results were not affected when changes in salivary cortisol levels were considered. No reaction time changes, recorded to uncover unspecific attentional impairment, were seen. Placebo-mediated suggestion produced a training-independent, objective and Naloxone-sensitive increase in memory performance. These results indicate an opioid-mediated placebo effect within a circumscribed cognitive domain in healthy volunteers. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.	Naloxone; Opioids; Placebo; Short-term recall; Suggestion; Working memory	hydrocortisone; naloxone; opiate; sodium chloride; adult; article; cognition; controlled study; drug sensitivity; human; human experiment; male; mental performance; normal human; placebo effect; reaction time; saliva level; short term memory; suggestion; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Double-Blind Method; Drug Interactions; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Memory; Memory, Short-Term; Mental Recall; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Placebo Effect; Reaction Time; Recognition (Psychology); Reference Values; Saliva; Statistics, Nonparametric; Suggestion	None
WoS	WOS:000311232900015	Differences between self-reported and electronically monitored adherence among patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in a resource-limited setting	Bangsberg, David R.,Habyarimana, James P.,Pop-Eleches, Cristian,Sidle, John E.,Siika, Abraham M.,Siripong, Nalyn,Thirumurthy, Harsha,Vreeman, Rachel C.	2012	AIDS	26	18	10.1097/QAD.0b013e328359aa68	Columbia University, Georgetown University, Harvard University, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indiana University System, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Moi University, University of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, MGH Ctr Global Hlth, Ragon Inst MGH MIT & Harvard	"Habyarimana, James P.: Georgetown University","Pop-Eleches, Cristian: Columbia University","Siika, Abraham M.: Moi University","Siripong, Nalyn: University of North Carolina","Siripong, Nalyn: University of North Carolina Chapel Hill","Thirumurthy, Harsha: University of North Carolina","Thirumurthy, Harsha: University of North Carolina Chapel Hill","Vreeman, Rachel C.: Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis","Vreeman, Rachel C.: Indiana University System",	Background: Measurement of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) by patient self-report is common in resource-limited settings but widely believed to overstate actual adherence. The extent to which these measures overstate adherence has not been examined among a large patient population. Methods: HIV-infected adult patients in Kenya who initiated ART within the past 3 months were followed for 6 months. Adherence was measured by participants' self-reports of doses missed in the past 7 days during monthly clinic visits and by continuous Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS) in participants' pill bottles. Seven-day self-reported adherence was compared to 7-day MEMS adherence, 30-day MEMS adherence, and adherence more than 90% during each of the first 6 months. Results: Self-reported and MEMS adherence measures were linked for 669 participants. Mean 7-day self-reported adherence was 98.7% and mean 7-day MEMS adherence was 86.0%, a difference of 12.7% (P &lt; 0.01). The difference between the two adherence measures increased over time due to a decline in 7-day MEMS adherence. However, patients with lower MEMS adherence were in fact more likely to self-report missed doses and the difference between self-reported and MEMS adherence was similar for each number of self-reported missed doses. When analysis was limited to patients who reported rarely or never removing multiple doses at the same time, mean difference was 10.5% (P &lt; 0.01). Conclusion: There is a sizable and significant difference between self-reported and MEMS adherence. However, a strong relationship between the measures suggests that self-reported adherence is informative for clinical monitoring and program evaluation. (C) 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins	ADHERENCE,"adherence measurement","ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY","ELECTRONIC MONITORING",COUNT,HAART,"HIV-INFECTED ADULTS",METAANALYSIS,OUTCOMES,"PROTEASE INHIBITORS","VIRAL SUPPRESSION"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000320574400008	Randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of an interactive group counseling intervention for HIV-positive women on prenatal depression and disclosure of HIV status	Antelman, Gretchen,Blander, Jeffrey,Chopyak, Elena,Cyprian, Fileuka,Emmons, Karen M.,Fawzi, Mary C. Smith,Kaaya, Sylvia F.,Levine, Michelle,Matsumoto, Kenji	2013	AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV	25	7	10.1080/09540121.2013.763891	Columbia University, Harvard University, University of Massachusetts Boston, University of Massachusetts System, Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci	"Antelman, Gretchen: Columbia University","Blander, Jeffrey: Harvard University","Chopyak, Elena: Harvard University","Emmons, Karen M.: Harvard University","Fawzi, Mary C. Smith: Harvard University","Levine, Michelle: University of Massachusetts Boston","Levine, Michelle: University of Massachusetts System","Matsumoto, Kenji: Harvard University",	The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of group counseling, using a problem-solving therapy approach, on reducing depressive symptoms and increasing prenatal disclosure rates of HIV status among HIV-positive pregnant women living in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A randomized controlled trial was performed comparing a six-week structured nurse-midwife facilitated psychosocial support group with the standard of care. Sixty percent of women in the intervention group were depressed post-intervention, versus 73% in the control group [Relative Risk (RR) = 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.67-1.01, p=0.066]. HIV disclosure rates did not differ across the two study arms. However, among those women who disclosed, there was a significantly higher level of overall personal satisfaction with the response to disclosure from family and friends among women in the treatment (88%) compared to the control group (62%; p=0.004). The results indicate reductions in the level of depressive symptoms comparable with major depressive disorder (MDD) for HIV-positive pregnant women participating in a group counseling intervention. Although the psychosocial group counseling did not significantly increase disclosure rates, an improvement in the level of personal satisfaction resulting from disclosure was associated with the intervention. This suggests that the counseling sessions have likely reduced the burden of depression and helped clients better manage partner reactions to disclosure. Public agencies and non-governmental organizations working in Tanzania and similar settings should consider offering structured psychosocial support groups to HIV-positive pregnant women to prevent poor mental health outcomes, promote early childhood development, and potentially impact HIV-related disease outcomes in the long term.	DEPRESSION,DISCLOSURE,HIV,PREGNANCY,"SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA",Tanzania,DAR-ES-SALAAM,"DISEASE PROGRESSION",HEALTH-PROBLEMS,"INFECTED PREGNANT-WOMEN",PREVENTION,"SEROSTATUS DISCLOSURE",SOUTH-AFRICA,TANZANIA,THERAPY,TRANSMISSION	None	None
WoS	WOS:000319869000006	The Tanzania Connect Project: a cluster-randomized trial of the child survival impact of adding paid community health workers to an existing facility-focused health system	Baynes, Colin,Exavery, Amon,Helleringer, Stephane,Hingora, Ahmed,Jackson, Elizabeth,Kante, Malick,Manzi, Fatuma,Pemba, Senga,Phillips, James F.,Ramsey, Kate	2013	BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH	13	None	10.1186/1472-6963-13-S2-S6	Columbia University, Ifakara Hlth Inst, Tanzanian Training Ctr Int Hlth	"Helleringer, Stephane: Columbia University","Jackson, Elizabeth: Columbia University","Phillips, James F.: Columbia University",	Background: Tanzania has been a pioneer in establishing community-level services, yet challenges remain in sustaining these systems and ensuring adequate human resource strategies. In particular, the added value of a cadre of professional community health workers is under debate. While Tanzania has the highest density of primary health care facilities in Africa, equitable access and quality of care remain a challenge. Utilization for many services proven to reduce child and maternal mortality is unacceptably low. Tanzanian policy initiatives have sought to address these problems by proposing expansion of community-based providers, but the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MoHSW) lacks evidence that this merits national implementation. The Tanzania Connect Project is a randomized cluster trial located in three rural districts with a population of roughly 360,000 (Kilombero, Rufiji, and Ulanga). Description of intervention: Connect aims to test whether introducing a community health worker into a general program of health systems strengthening and referral improvement will reduce child mortality, improve access to services, expand utilization, and alter reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health seeking behavior; thereby accelerating progress towards Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5. Connect has introduced a new cadre - Community Health Agents (CHA) - who were recruited from and work in their communities. To support the CHA, Connect developed supervisory systems, launched information and monitoring operations, and implemented logistics support for integration with existing district and village operations. In addition, Connect's district-wide emergency referral strengthening intervention includes clinical and operational improvements. Evaluation design: Designed as a community-based cluster-randomized trial, CHA were randomly assigned to 50 of the 101 villages within the Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) in the three study districts. To garner detailed information on household characteristics, behaviors, and service exposure, a random sub-sample survey of 3,300 women of reproductive age will be conducted at the baseline and endline. The referral system intervention will use baseline, midline, and endline facility-based data to assess systemic changes. Implementation and impact research of Connect will assess whether and how the presence of the CHA at village level provides added life-saving value to the health system. Discussion: Global commitment to launching community-based primary health care has accelerated in recent years, with much of the implementation focused on Africa. Despite extensive investment, no program has been guided by a truly experimental study. Connect will not only address Tanzania's need for policy and operational research, it will bridge a critical international knowledge gap concerning the added value of salaried professional community health workers in the context of a high density of fixed facilities.	,CARE,DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES,IMPLEMENTATION,INTERVENTIONS,"MATERNITY REFERRAL SYSTEMS","MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL",MORTALITY,"NAVRONGO EXPERIMENT","SERVICES RESEARCH","SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000293382500007	A 3-year Cohort Study to Assess the Impact of an Integrated Food- and Livelihood-based Model on Undernutrition in Rural Western Kenya	Amoroso, L,Diru, W.,Fanzo, J.,Kim, D.,Lelerai, E.,Masira, J.,Muniz, M.,Mutuo, P.,Negin, J.,Nemser, B.,Palm, C.,Pronyk, P. M.,Remans, R.,Sachs, J. D.,Sachs, S. Ehrlich,Sanchez, P.,THOMPSON, B,Wariero, J.	2011	COMBATING MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES: FOOD-BASED APPROACHES	None	None	None	Columbia University, KU Leuven, University of Sydney, Biovers Int	"Kim, D.: Columbia University","Negin, J.: University of Sydney","Pronyk, P. M.: Columbia University","Remans, R.: KU Leuven","Sanchez, P.: Columbia University",	Reducing extreme poverty and hunger is the first Millennium Development Goal (MDG). With undernutrition contributing to one third of all child deaths, improving nutrition is a precondition for accelerating progress towards other MDG targets. While the role of technical interventions such as micronutrient fortification and supplementation in reducing morbidity and mortality has been well documented, evidence to support more comprehensive multi-sectoral approaches remains inconclusive. This chapter aims to evaluate the impact of an integrated food- and livelihood-based model on nutrition-related outcomes in rural western Kenya. A 3-year prospective cohort study was undertaken among 300 randomly selected wealth-stratified households. Detailed socio-economic and health surveys were conducted. A nutrition module assessed household levels of food security, food consumption frequency and diet diversity. This was complemented by anthropometric measurement and assessments of serum levels of vitamin A among children under 5 years old. The average food insecurity score decreased from 5.21 at baseline to 4.13 at follow-up (P &lt; 0.0001). Average diet diversity scores for daily, weekly and monthly time periods increased from 6.7 to 7.3; from 10.7 to 11.2; and from 12.4 to 12.6, respectively (P &lt; 0.0001). Daily consumption for 14 out of 16 food groups increased significantly. For children under 2 years of age, underweight and stunting decreased from 26.2% to 3.9% (P = 0.002) and from 62.3% to 38.3% (P = 0.014), respectively. Vitamin A deficiency as measured by serum vitamin A levels decreased from 70.0% to 33.3% (P = 0.007) for children under 5 years old. This study presents encouraging evidence that a multi-sectoral food- and livelihood-based model can improve diet quality, enhance food security and positively affect childhood nutritional outcomes. The wider application of this approach to a diversity of agro-ecological zones in sub-Saharan Africa is currently being assessed.	"diet diversity",Food-based,"FOOD SECURITY",multi-sectoral,STUNTING,"VITAMIN A","CHILD UNDERNUTRITION","DIETARY DIVERSITY",GROWTH,HEALTH,INTERVENTIONS,OPPORTUNITY,"VITAMIN-A INTAKE"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000303591700010	Capitalizing on the Characteristics of mHealth to Evaluate Its Impact	Burbach, Ryan,Cole-Lewis, Heather,Cosmaciuc, Roxana,Dusabe, Schadrack,Kanter, Andrew S.,Kaonga, Nadi Nina,Mechael, Patricia,Namakula, Patricia,Nemser, Bennett,Ohemeng-Dapaah, Seth,Shemsanga, Muhadili	2012	JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION	18	SUPPL. 1	10.1080/10810730.2012.679848	Columbia University, Millennium Dev Goal Ctr W Africa, Millennium Villages Project	"Burbach, Ryan: Columbia University","Cole-Lewis, Heather: Columbia University","Cosmaciuc, Roxana: Columbia University","Kanter, Andrew S.: Columbia University","Kaonga, Nadi Nina: Columbia University","Mechael, Patricia: Columbia University","Nemser, Bennett: Columbia University",	None	None	None	None
WoS	WOS:000274115900013	The impact of immunization on the association between poverty and child survival: Evidence from Kassena-Nankana District of northern Ghana	Adjuik, Martin,Bawah, Ayaga A.,Binka, Fred N.,MacLeod, Bruce,Phillips, James F.,Vaughan-Smith, Maya	2010	SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH	38	1	10.1177/1403494809352532	Columbia University, Navrongo Health Research Center, University of Ghana, University of Maine System, University of Southern Maine, INDEPTH Network	"Adjuik, Martin: Navrongo Health Research Center","Binka, Fred N.: University of Ghana","MacLeod, Bruce: University of Maine System","MacLeod, Bruce: University of Southern Maine","Phillips, James F.: Columbia University",	Background: Research conducted in Africa has consistently demonstrated that parental poverty and low educational attainment adversely affect child survival. Research conducted elsewhere has demonstrated that low-cost vaccines against preventable diseases reduce childhood mortality. Therefore, the extension of vaccination to impoverished populations is widely assumed to diminish equity effects. Recent evidence that childhood mortality is increasing in many countries where vaccination programmes are active challenges this assumption. Data and methods: This paper marshals data from accurate and complete immunization records and survival histories for 18,368 children younger than five years in a rural northern Ghanaian population that is generally impoverished, but where family wealth and parental educational differentials exist nonetheless. Time-conditional Weibull hazard models are estimated to test the hypothesis that childhood immunization offsets the detrimental effects of poverty and low educational attainment. Conclusions: Findings show that the adverse effects of poverty disappear and that the effects of educational attainment are reduced in survival models that control for immunization status. This finding lends empirical support to policies that promote immunization as a strategic component of poverty-reduction programmes.	"CHILD SURVIVAL",HEALTH,IMMUNIZATION,POVERTY,AFRICA,GUINEA-BISSAU,MORTALITY,"NAVRONGO EXPERIMENT"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000306994100011	Beyond Indicators: Advances in Global HIV Monitoring and Evaluation During the PEPFAR Era	Bouey, Paul D.,Curtis, Sian,Hochgesang, Mindy,Idele, Priscilla,Jefferson, Bobby,Lemma, Wuleta,Myrick, Roger,Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha, Harriet,Porter, Laura E.,Prybylski, Dimitri,Souteyrand, Yves,Tulli, Tuhuma	2012	JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES	60	None	10.1097/QAI.0b013e31825cf345	Columbia University, Tulane University, University of California San Francisco, University of California System, University of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, , Futures Grp Int, Off US Global AIDS Coordinator, UNICEF	"Curtis, Sian: University of North Carolina","Curtis, Sian: University of North Carolina Chapel Hill","Lemma, Wuleta: Tulane University","Myrick, Roger: University of California San Francisco","Myrick, Roger: University of California System","Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha, Harriet: Columbia University","Souteyrand, Yves: World Health Organization",	Monitoring and evaluation (M&amp;E) is fundamental to global HIV program implementation and has been a cornerstone of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). Rapid results were crucial to demonstrating feasibility and scalability of HIV care and treatment services early in PEPFAR. When national HIV M&amp;E systems were nascent, the rapid influx of funds and the emergency expansion of HIV services contributed to the development of uncoordinated "parallel" information systems to serve donor demands for information. Close collaboration of PEPFAR with multilateral and national partners improved harmonization of indicators, standards, methods, tools, and reports. Concurrent PEPFAR investments in surveillance, surveys, program monitoring, health information systems, and human capacity development began to show signs of progress toward sustainable country-owned systems. Awareness of the need for and usefulness of data increased, far beyond discussions of indicators and reporting. Emphasis has turned toward ensuring the quality of data and using available data to improve the quality of care. Assessing progress toward an AIDS-free generation requires that the global community can measure the reduction of new HIV infections in children and adults and monitor the coverage, quality, and outcomes of highly efficacious interventions in combination. Building national M&amp;E systems requires sustained efforts over long periods of time with effective leadership and coordination. PEPFAR, in close collaboration with its global and national partners, is well positioned to transform the successes and challenges associated with early rapid scale-up into future opportunities for sustainable, cost-effective, country-owned programs and systems.	"monitoring and evaluation",PEPFAR,"ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT",BANGKOK,"EVALUATION SYSTEMS","HEALTH SYSTEMS","MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES",PROGRAM,"RISK BEHAVIOR",SCALE-UP,SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR,THAILAND	None	None
WoS	WOS:000239414300012	Design and evaluation of a drama-based intervention to promote voluntary counseling and HIV testing in a south African community	Bekker, Linda-Gail,Middelkoop, Keren,Myer, Landon,Smit, Joalida,Wood, Robin	2006	SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES	33	8	None	Columbia University, University of Cape Town	None	Background. Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) services are a major component of HIV prevention and treatment efforts. We developed a drama-based intervention to promote VCT services in a peri-urban community in South Africa. Methods: Young adults from the community received training in HIV/AIDS and drama, and developed sketches to address perceived barriers to VCT. Over 12 months, 80 performances were held in busy community settings. The intervention was evaluated through changes in VCT uptake at the local clinic compared with comparable communities nearby. Results: After the start of the intervention in August 2003, a 172% increase in the uptake of VCT services was observed in the intervention community. This was significantly greater than demand for VCT in either of the control communities during the same period (P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusion: A structured, community-based education program based on drama can lead to substantial increases in the demand for VCT services in resource-limited settings.	,BEHAVIOR,UGANDA	None	None
WoS	WOS:000301868800006	The impact of reducing financial barriers on utilisation of a primary health care facility in Rwanda	Bonds, Matthew H.,Dhillon, Ranu S.,Fraden, Max,Ndahiro, Donald,Ruxin, Josh	2012	GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH	7	1	10.1080/17441692.2011.593536	Columbia University, University of Rwanda, Millennium Villages Project	"Bonds, Matthew H.: University of Rwanda","Dhillon, Ranu S.: Columbia University","Fraden, Max: Columbia University","Ruxin, Josh: Columbia University",	This study investigates the impact of subsidising community-based health insurance (mutuelle) enrolment, removing point-of-service co-payments, and improving service delivery on health facility utilisation rates in Mayange, a sector of rural Rwanda of approximately 25,000 people divided among five 'imidugudu' or small villages. While comprehensive service upgrades were introduced in the Mayange Health Centre between April 2006 and February 2007, utilisation rates remained similar to comparison sites. Between February 2007 and April 2007, subsidies for mutuelle enrolment established virtually 100% coverage. Immediately after co-payments were eliminated in February 2007, patient visits levelled at a rate triple the previous value. Regression analyses using data from Mayange and two comparison sites indicate that removing financial barriers resulted in about 0.6 additional annual visits for curative care per capita. Although based on a single local pilot, these findings suggest that in order to achieve improved health outcomes, key short-term objectives include improved service delivery and reduced financial barriers. Based on this pilot, higher utilisation rates may be affected if broader swaths of the population are enrolled in mutuelle and co-payments are eliminated. Health leaders in Rwanda should consider further studies to determine if the impact of eliminating co-payments and increasing subsidies for mutuelle enrolment as seen in Mayange holds at greater levels of scale. Broader studies to better elucidate the impact of enrolment subsidies and co-payment subsidies on utilisation, health outcomes, and costs would also provide policy insights.	"community-based health insurance",Mayange,mutuelle,RWANDA,"USER FEES",ACCESS,AFRICA,COST,INSURANCE,POVERTY,SERVICES,UGANDA,"USER FEES"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939165185	Effects of a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution on cognitive performance following exercise-induced hyperthermia in humans	Lee J.K.W., Ang W.H., Ng J.W.X., Fan P.W.P., Teo Y.S., Nolte H.W., Yeo Y.Y.W.	2014	Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition	11	1	10.1186/s12970-014-0051-x	Combat Protection and Performance Programme, Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore; Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; ERGOnomics TECHnologies, Research and Development, Armscor, Pretoria, South Africa	Lee, J.K.W., Combat Protection and Performance Programme, Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore, Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Ang, W.H., Combat Protection and Performance Programme, Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore; Ng, J.W.X., Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Fan, P.W.P., Combat Protection and Performance Programme, Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore; Teo, Y.S., Combat Protection and Performance Programme, Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore; Nolte, H.W., ERGOnomics TECHnologies, Research and Development, Armscor, Pretoria, South Africa; Yeo, Y.Y.W., Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore	Background: There is limited information on the effects of sports drinks on cognitive function after exercise in the heat. We aimed to investigate the effects of ingesting a commercially available carbohydrate-electrolyte (CHO) solution on cognitive performance following exercise-induced hyperthermia. Methods: Twelve participants completed three practices of cognitive tests, one full familiarisation and two experimental trials in an environmental chamber (dry bulb temperature: 30.2 ± 0.3°C, relative humidity: 70 ± 3%). The experimental trials consisted of five cognitive tests (symbol digit matching, search and memory, digit span, choice reaction time and psychomotor vigilance test) performed before and after a 75-min run on a treadmill at 70% VO<inf>2</inf> max. One ml/kg body mass of a 6.8% CHO solution or placebo was consumed at the start, every 15 min during exercise and between cognitive tests after exercise. Core temperature, heart rate, blood glucose concentrations, subjective ratings and cognitive performance were assessed (symbol digit matching, search and memory, digit span, choice reaction time and psychomotor vigilance). Results: Participants were hyperthermic at the end of the run (placebo: 39.5 ± 0.4°C, CHO: 39.6 ± 0.5°C; Mean ± SD; p = 0.37). The change in blood glucose was higher with CHO ingestion (1.6, 0.7 to 4.5 mmol/L) (median, range) than with placebo ingestion (0.9, -0.1 to 4.7 mmol/L; p < 0.05). CHO ingestion reduced the maximum span of digits memorized, in contrast to an increase in maximum span with placebo ingestion (p < 0.05). CHO solution had no effect on other cognitive tests (p > 0.05). Conclusions: These results suggest that CHO solution ingestion may impair short-term memory following exertional heat stress. © 2014 Lee et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955909023	Factors contributing to the academic performance of students in a private university in Kenya: A case of Daystar university	Karimi F.K.	2010	International Journal of Learning	17	8	None	Commission for Higher Education in Kenya, Kenya	Karimi, F.K., Commission for Higher Education in Kenya, Kenya	There are student-related factors that significantly contribute to the academic performance of undergraduate students in the universities. This study aimed at identifying the factors that contribute to the academic performance of undergraduate students in the universities, using Daystar University as a case. The study also sought to establish the perception of students on the factors that contribute to their academic performance in the university. The study employed both descriptive and path analyses in establishing the factors that contribute to the academic performance of students in the university. Students' final high school grade, English Language proficiency, self-regulatory learning strategies and extrinsic goal orientation were observed to have direct effects on the academic performance of the students in the university. On the other hand, self efficacy, locus of control, intrinsic goal orientations and personality traits were observed to have indirect effects on the academic performance of students in the university. Most of the students perceived the self-regulatory learning strategies to be the greatest determinant of their academic performance in the university. There is need for students as well as their mentors to promote the positive contributors while discouraging the negative ones while enhancing the students academic performance in the university. Transitional issues from high school to tertiary level of education should not be overlooked as a factor contributing to the academic performance of students in the university. Further research is required on the external factors that contribute to the academic performance of students in the university. A replica of the same study in other universities within the country was also deemed necessary. © Common Ground, Florah K. Karimi.	Academic performance; Age; Attitudes; English language proficiency; Goal-orientations; Personality traits; Prior high school grade; Self-regulatory learning strategies; Undergraduate students	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77958105531	Production performance of dual purpose crosses of two indigenous with two exotic chicken breeds in sub-tropical environment	Bekele F., AdnoØy T., GjoØen H.M., Kathle J., Abebe G.	2010	International Journal of Poultry Science	9	7	None	Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Arboretveien 6, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Department of Animal and Range Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia	Bekele, F., Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Arboretveien 6, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway, Department of Animal and Range Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia; AdnoØy, T., Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Arboretveien 6, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; GjoØen, H.M., Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Arboretveien 6, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Kathle, J., Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Arboretveien 6, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Abebe, G., Department of Animal and Range Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia	An ongoing crossbreeding experiment is being conducted with the objective of producing dual purpose synthetic chicken for village poultry production in Ethiopia. The two exotic chicken breeds used were the Fayoumi (F) and Rhode Island Red (R) as dam line, whereas the two indigenous chicken breeds used were the Naked neck (N) and local Netch (W); a white feathered chicken. The indigenous breeds were used as sire line to produce the hybrids FN (F♀ X N♂) and RW (R♀ X W♂). Growth and egg production performance of the crosses were compared with each other and with the exotic pure line performance. Both body and egg weight of FN was improved while body weight of RW was reduced and age at first egg was significantly reduced, compared to their respective dam line. Egg production for the crosses was lower than for their maternal lines. Although FN cross chicks weighed more and grew faster than RW chicks during the brooding period, the difference became insignificant as they grew older. However, the higher overall average body weight gain of RW crosses that was observed was mainly due to higher weight gain for the RW cocks. No significant differences were observed in overall egg production and quality traits between the two crosses, but significant age effect within crosses was found. Mortality in the FN cross was lower than in the RW cross. These F1 crosses will be used as parents to produce a 4-way synthetic crossbred chicken. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Body weight; Egg production; Egg quality; References; Two-way crossing	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052153687	Impacts of fishing low-trophic level species on marine ecosystems	Smith A.D.M., Brown C.J., Bulman C.M., Fulton E.A., Johnson P., Kaplan I.C., Lozano-Montes H., Mackinson S., Marzloff M., Shannon L.J., Shin Y.-J., Tam J.	2011	Science	333	6046	10.1126/science.1209395	Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Wealth FromOceans Flagship, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Climate Adaptations Flagship, Brisbane, QLD 4163, Australia; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA 98112, United States; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Wealth from Oceans Flagship, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia; Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, United Kingdom; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, TAS 7005, Australia; University of Cape Town, Marine Research (MA-RE) Institute, Department of Zoology, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, UMR EME 212, Ecosystèmes Marins Exploités, 34203 Sète, France; Instituto del Mar del Perú, Esquina Gamarra Y General Valle S/n, Callao, Peru	Smith, A.D.M., Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Wealth FromOceans Flagship, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; Brown, C.J., School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Climate Adaptations Flagship, Brisbane, QLD 4163, Australia; Bulman, C.M., Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Wealth FromOceans Flagship, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; Fulton, E.A., Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Wealth FromOceans Flagship, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; Johnson, P., Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Wealth FromOceans Flagship, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; Kaplan, I.C., National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA 98112, United States; Lozano-Montes, H., Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Wealth from Oceans Flagship, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia; Mackinson, S., Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, United Kingdom; Marzloff, M., Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Wealth FromOceans Flagship, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, TAS 7005, Australia; Shannon, L.J., University of Cape Town, Marine Research (MA-RE) Institute, Department of Zoology, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Shin, Y.-J., University of Cape Town, Marine Research (MA-RE) Institute, Department of Zoology, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, UMR EME 212, Ecosystèmes Marins Exploités, 34203 Sète, France; Tam, J., Instituto del Mar del Perú, Esquina Gamarra Y General Valle S/n, Callao, Peru	Low-trophic level species account for more than 30% of global fisheries production and contribute substantially to global food security. We used a range of ecosystem models to explore the effects of fishing low-trophic level species on marine ecosystems, including marine mammals and seabirds, and on other commercially important species. In five well-studied ecosystems, we found that fishing these species at conventional maximum sustainable yield (MSY) levels can have large impacts on other parts of the ecosystem, particularly when they constitute a high proportion of the biomass in the ecosystem or are highly connected in the food web. Halving exploitation rates would result in much lower impacts on marine ecosystems while still achieving 80% of MSY.	None	biomass; commercial species; ecosystem modeling; fishery production; food security; food web; global perspective; mammal; marine ecosystem; seabird; sustainable development; trophic level; aquatic species; article; biomass; environmental exploitation; environmental sustainability; fishing; food web; marine environment; marine mammal; nonhuman; priority journal; seabird; trophic level; Animals; Aquatic Organisms; Biodiversity; Biomass; Birds; Ecosystem; Fisheries; Fishes; Food Chain; Mammals; Models, Biological; Oceans and Seas; Population Dynamics; Mammalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36349008165	The impact of onset controllability on stigmatization and supportive communication goals toward persons with HIV versus lung cancer: A comparison between Kenyan and U.S. participants	Miller A.N., Fellows K.L., Kizito M.N.	2007	Health Communication	22	3	None	Communication Department, Daystar University, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Communication Studies, University of North Carolina Wilmington, United States; c/o University of North Carolina Wilmington, Department of Communication Studies, Leutze Hall No. 226, 601 S. College Rd., Wilmington, NC 28403-5933, United States	Miller, A.N., Communication Department, Daystar University, Nairobi, Kenya; Fellows, K.L., Department of Communication Studies, University of North Carolina Wilmington, United States, c/o University of North Carolina Wilmington, Department of Communication Studies, Leutze Hall No. 226, 601 S. College Rd., Wilmington, NC 28403-5933, United States; Kizito, M.N., Communication Department, Daystar University, Nairobi, Kenya	This study examined the impact of controllability of onset (i.e., means of transmission), disease type (HIV and lung cancer), and culture (Kenya and U.S.) on stigmatizing attitudes and goals for supportive communication. Four hundred sixty-four Kenyan students and 526 American students, and 441 Kenyan nonstudents and 591 American nonstudents were randomly assigned to 1 of 12 hypothetical scenario conditions and asked to respond to questions regarding 3 different types of stigmatizing attitudes and 6 types of supportive communication goals with respect to the character in the scenario. Means of transmission had a strong effect on the blame component of stigma, but none on cognitive attitudes and social interaction components. Similarly, although an effect for means of transmission emerged on intention to provide "recognize own responsibility" and "see others' blame" types of support, no effect was evident for most other supportive interaction goals. Although effects for culture were small, Kenyan participants, student and nonstudent alike, were not as quick as American participants to adopt goals of communicating blame in any direction. Implications for measurement of stigma in future research are discussed. Copyright © 2007, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.	None	adolescent; adult; aged; article; attitude to health; comparative study; control; cultural factor; educational status; epidemiology; female; health behavior; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Kenya; lung tumor; male; middle aged; psychological aspect; questionnaire; social psychology; social support; student; United States; university; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Attitude to Health; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Educational Status; Female; Health Behavior; HIV Infections; Humans; Internal-External Control; Kenya; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Precipitating Factors; Prejudice; Questionnaires; Social Support; Stereotyping; Students; United States; Universities	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858214429	Evaluation of interference in inter-working multi-hop wireless networks	Salami O., Bagula A., Chan H.A.	2010	International Journal of Security and its Applications	4	4	None	Communication Research Group, Electrical Engineering Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa	Salami, O., Communication Research Group, Electrical Engineering Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Bagula, A., Communication Research Group, Electrical Engineering Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Chan, H.A., Communication Research Group, Electrical Engineering Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa	The consequence of simultaneous transmissions by nodes in inter-working multi-hop wireless networks is inter-node interference. Inter-node interference is a metric that is important for the performance evaluation of inter-working wireless networks. Several interference models exist in literature, however, these models are for specific wireless networks and MAC protocols. Due to the heterogeneity of link-level technologies in interworking multi-hop wireless networks, it is desirable to have generic models for the evaluation of interference on links in such networks. A generic model can provide information about the interference level on a link irrespective of the MAC protocol in use. This paper presents a generic interference model. The model evaluates the probability of interference and uses the negative second moment of the distance between a receiver-node and interfering-nodes to evaluate the interference power on a link in an inter-working multi-hop wireless network. Numerical results of the performance of the model are presented.	Inter-working; Interference; Multi-hop; Wireless networks	Generic models; Inter-node interferences; Inter-working; Interference level; Interference models; Interference power; MAC protocol; Multihop; Multihop wireless network; Numerical results; Performance evaluation; Second moments; Simultaneous transmission; Medium access control; Wave interference; Wireless networks	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902523905	African primary care research: Performing a programme evaluation	Dudley L.	2014	African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine	6	1	10.4102/phcfm.v6i1.634	Community Health Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa	Dudley, L., Community Health Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa	This article is part of a series on Primary Care Research in the African context and focuses on programme evaluation. Different types of programme evaluation are outlined: developmental, process, outcome and impact. Eight steps to follow in designing your programme evaluation are then described in some detail: engage stakeholders; establish what is known; describe the programme; define the evaluation and select a study design; define the indicators; plan and manage data collection and analysis; make judgements and recommendations; and disseminate the findings. Other articles in the series cover related topics such as writing your research proposal, performing a literature review, conducting surveys with questionnaires, qualitative interviewing and approaches to quantitative and qualitative data analysis. © 2014. The Authors.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856885740	Impact of conflict on agricultural production in the Niger-Delta: Evidence from Cross River State, Nigeria	Ofem N.I., Ndifon H.M., Angba A.O., Effiong J.B., Akinmosin O.C.	2012	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	10	1	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar, P. M. B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria	Ofem, N.I., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar, P. M. B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Ndifon, H.M., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar, P. M. B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Angba, A.O., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar, P. M. B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Effiong, J.B., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar, P. M. B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Akinmosin, O.C., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar, P. M. B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria	The study determined the impact of conflicts on agricultural production in the Niger Delta of Nigeria with specific evidence from Cross River State. The state was purposively selected because of its high rate of communal conflict. A multi-staged sampling procedure was employed and respondents were randomly sampled from two different communities where conflicts have occurred over time. A total of 60 respondents were used for the study. Data were collected from respondents using personal interviews, with the aid of structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics as well as inferential statistics (ordered probit regression) were used to analyze data. Results from the descriptive analysis revealed that a greater percentage of the respondents (63.33%) were farmers, 41.67% were youths between the ages of 21 and 40 years, majority (56.67%) had low educational attainments and there was a high level of unemployment (90%) in the area, while 25 percent of the respondents earned as low as N30,000 or less per-annum. The results of the hypotheses tested revealed that there is a significant relationship between conflicts and respondents' socio-economic characteristics such as age, occupation, marital status, family size, education and employment status while gender, income and infrastructure were not significant. The result also showed a significant but negative relationship between agricultural GDP and conflict. Therefore, the study noted that strategies and programmes aimed at addressing the socio-economic needs of the people and investments in agriculture were required to stem the spate of conflicts in the Niger-Delta region of Nigeria.	Agricultural production; Clashes; Communal; Conflict; Impact; Niger-delta; Probit; Regression; Violence	adult; age; agricultural worker; article; community dynamics; conflict; crop production; educational status; family size; female; human; interview; male; marriage; Nigeria; occupation; social status; structured questionnaire; unemployment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872001751	The impact of routine HIV testing on HIV-related stigma and discrimination in Africa	Durojaye E.	2011	International Journal of Discrimination and the Law	11	4	10.1177/1358229111435735	Community Law Centre, University of Western Cape, South Africa	Durojaye, E., Community Law Centre, University of Western Cape, South Africa	This paper discusses different methods of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing, particularly routine and voluntary HIV testing methods, which have been adopted in response to the HIV epidemic in Africa. It then examines the importance of HIV testing as a tool for the prevention and treatment of infected and affected persons. The paper argues that although routine HIV testing is important in scaling up HIV testing in Africa, it may not necessarily address HIV-related stigma as contended by some commentators. Rather, it is argued that routine HIV testing, as practised in many African countries, may fuel HIV-related stigma and violate individuals' fundamental rights guaranteed in numerous human rights instruments. In conclusion, the paper cautions that any attempt at adopting routine HIV testing in Africa should be tempered with respect for people's human rights. © 2011 The Author(s).	Africa; human rights; Routine HIV testing; stigma and discrimination	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874253215	Impact of adopting enterprise resource planning systems by commercial organizations in Kenya	Abdullabhai M., Acosta F.	2012	DLSU Business and Economics Review	21	2	None	Computer Pride Ltd, Nairobi, Kenya; Strathmore Business School, Nairobi, Kenya	Abdullabhai, M., Computer Pride Ltd, Nairobi, Kenya; Acosta, F., Strathmore Business School, Nairobi, Kenya	The purpose of our research is to understand the benefits Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems render to commercial organizations in Kenya and to understand the challenges that affect the ERP Implementation process. These benefits and challenges have direct impact on the performance of the business; therefore the study seek to understand the complexity of these two factors. Thirty five organizations participated in our research. We established what kind of benefits were realized by various sizes of organization adopting ERP systems, and the differences that exist among challenges and benefits with respect to the size of the organization and age of ERP System. Lastly, our research also identifies how various benefits and challenges are interconnected and interdependent. © 2012 De La Salle University, Philippines.	Benefits; Challenges; ERP systems; Implementation; Kenyan business environment	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877351192	Practical implementation of the durability index performance-based design approach	Nganga G., Alexander M., Beushausen H.	2013	Construction and Building Materials	45	None	10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.03.069	Concrete Materials and Structural Integrity Research Unit (CoMSIRU), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Nganga, G., Concrete Materials and Structural Integrity Research Unit (CoMSIRU), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Alexander, M., Concrete Materials and Structural Integrity Research Unit (CoMSIRU), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Beushausen, H., Concrete Materials and Structural Integrity Research Unit (CoMSIRU), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa	The paper provides a summary of findings from a study that was done to evaluate practicality of Durability Index (DI) performance-based specifications that have been implemented on a large scale in a major infrastructure project involving bridge and other structures in Gauteng Province, South Africa. The practicality of the approach was evaluated by considering: the magnitude and variability in DI test values (Oxygen Permeability Index, OPI, and water sorptivity) and cover depths; applicability of the DI tests in laboratories to determine if correct execution of test procedures is done, in addition to its application on site where samples are obtained; and response of the industry to this recently implemented approach which was assessed from reviewing responses to a questionnaire that was sent out to resident engineers (REs). From the statistical analysis, it was observed that the average values of the durability parameters (OPI, sorptivity and cover depth) in all cases complied with the limiting minimum values. However, for some structures, a high proportion of individual DI test results failed to comply with limiting values. The variability observed in the coefficient of permeability (k) and sorptivity values was high. For cover depth readings the variability measured on structures cast in situ was considerably higher than for precast elements. A mixed perception of the effects of this approach was obtained among engineers; some indicated that it had no effect on construction practices while others felt that, as a result of the performance-based project specifications, stricter controls had been placed in execution of construction practices. From this study it was concluded that the DI performance-based approach offers a potentially useful and practical way to perform quality control of cover concrete. However, certain limitations have to still be overcome to fully reap the potential benefits of this approach. These include high variability in test results (sorptivity, coefficient of permeability), poor quality of test panels, poor communication between site staff and laboratories, difficulties in transport of test panels. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Cover concrete; Durability index tests; Performance-based specifications; Quality control; Reinforced concrete	Coefficient of permeability; Cover concrete; Durability index test; Infrastructure project; Performance based design; Performance based specifications; Practical implementation; Project specification; Bridges; Concretes; Quality control; Reinforced concrete; Reinforcement; Specifications; Testing; Durability	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-32544441478	Sparing land for nature: Exploring the potential impact of changes in agricultural yield on the area needed for crop production	Balmford A., Green R.E., Scharlemann J.P.W.	2005	Global Change Biology	11	10	10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.001035.x	Conservation Biology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom; Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, United Kingdom; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom	Balmford, A., Conservation Biology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom, Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Green, R.E., Conservation Biology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, United Kingdom; Scharlemann, J.P.W., Conservation Biology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, United Kingdom, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom	How can rapidly growing food demands be met with least adverse impact on nature? Two very different sorts of suggestions predominate in the literature: Wildlife-friendly farming, whereby on-farm practices are made as benign to wildlife as possible (at the potential cost of decreasing yields); and land-sparing, in which farm yields are increased and pressure to convert land for agriculture thereby reduced (at the potential cost of decreasing wildlife populations on farmland). This paper is about one important aspect of the land-sparing idea - the sensitivity of future requirements for cropland to plausible variation in yield increases, relative to other variables. Focusing on the 23 most energetically important food crops, we use data from the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and the United Nations Population Division (UNPD) to project plausible values for 2050 for population size, diet, yield, and trade, and then look at their effect on the area needed to meet demand for the 23 crops, for the developing and developed worlds in turn. Our calculations suggest that across developing countries, the area under those crops will need to increase very considerably by 2050 (by 23% under intermediate projections), and that plausible variation in average yield has as much bearing on the extent of that expansion as does variation in population size or per capita consumption; future cropland area varies far less under foreseeable variation in the net import of food from the rest of the world. By contrast, cropland area in developed countries is likely to decrease slightly by 2050 (by 4% under intermediate projections for those 23 crops), and will be less sensitive to variation in population growth, diet, yield, or trade. Other contentious aspects of the land-sparing idea require further scrutiny, but these results confirm its potential significance and suggest that conservationists should be as concerned about future agricultural yields as they are about population growth and rising per capita consumption. © 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Agricultural yield; Agriculture; Conservation; Crop production; Cropland; Diet; Farming; Human population; Land sparing; Trade	agricultural land; crop production; crop yield; food production; land management	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896042349	Evaluation of the deposition, translocation and pathological response of brake dust with and without added chrysotile in comparison to crocidolite asbestos following short-term inhalation: Interim results	Bernstein D.M., Rogers R., Sepulveda R., Kunzendorf P., Bellmann B., Ernst H., Phillips J.I.	2014	Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology	276	1	10.1016/j.taap.2014.01.016	Consultant in Toxicology, 1208 Geneva, Switzerland; Rogers Imaging, Needham, MA 02494, United States; GSA Gesellschaft für Schadstoffanalytik mbH, D-40882 Ratingen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa; Department of Biomedical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Bernstein, D.M., Consultant in Toxicology, 1208 Geneva, Switzerland; Rogers, R., Rogers Imaging, Needham, MA 02494, United States; Sepulveda, R., Rogers Imaging, Needham, MA 02494, United States; Kunzendorf, P., GSA Gesellschaft für Schadstoffanalytik mbH, D-40882 Ratingen, Germany; Bellmann, B., Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; Ernst, H., Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; Phillips, J.I., National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa, Department of Biomedical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Chrysotile has been frequently used in the past in manufacturing brakes and continues to be used in brakes in many countries. This study was designed to provide an understanding of the biokinetics and potential toxicology following inhalation of brake dust following short term exposure in rats. The deposition, translocation and pathological response of brake dust derived from brake pads manufactured with chrysotile were evaluated in comparison to the amphibole, crocidolite asbestos. Rats were exposed by inhalation 6h/day for 5days to either brake dust obtained by sanding of brake-drums manufactured with chrysotile, a mixture of chrysotile and the brake dust or crocidolite asbestos. No significant pathological response was observed at any time point in either the brake dust or chrysotile/brake dust exposure groups. The long chrysotile fibers (&gt;20μm) cleared quickly with T1/2 estimated as 30 and 33days, respectively in the brake dust and the chrysotile/brake dust exposure groups. In contrast, the long crocidolite fibers had a T1/2&gt;1000days and initiated a rapid inflammatory response in the lung following exposure resulting in a 5-fold increase in fibrotic response within 91days. These results provide support that brake dust derived from chrysotile containing brake drums would not initiate a pathological response in the lung following short term inhalation. © 2014 The Authors.	Amphibole asbestos; Brake dust; Chrysotile; Inhalation toxicology; Lung/pleura; Pathology	amphibole; chrysotile; crocidolite; air monitoring; air sampling; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; atmospheric deposition; clinical examination; connective tissue; controlled study; diaphragm; dust; dust exposure; ecotoxicology; exhaust gas; histopathology; inhalation; lung parenchyma; nonhuman; rat; tissue preparation; Rattus; Amphibole asbestos; Brake dust; Chrysotile; Inhalation toxicology; Lung/pleura; Pathology; Animals; Asbestos, Crocidolite; Asbestos, Serpentine; Asbestosis; Disease Models, Animal; Dust; Half-Life; Industry; Inhalation Exposure; Lung; Male; Materials Testing; Motor Vehicles; Occupational Diseases; Physicochemical Phenomena; Protective Devices; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Respiratory Mucosa; Tissue Distribution; Toxicity Tests, Acute	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84916887285	Evaluation of the trophic structure of the West Florida Shelf in the 2000s using the ecosystem model OSMOSE	Grüss A., Schirripa M.J., Chagaris D., Drexler M., Simons J., Verley P., Shin Y.-J., Karnauskas M., Oliveros-Ramos R., Ainsworth C.H.	2015	Journal of Marine Systems	144	None	10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.11.004	Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, United States; Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Sustainable Fisheries Division, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, FL, United States; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, 100 8th Ave SE, St. Petersburg, FL, United States; University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, 140 7th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, FL, United States; Center for Coastal Studies Natural Resources Center, Texas A andM University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr., Corpus Christi, TX, United States; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR EME 212, Centre de Recherche Halieutique Méditerranéenne et Tropicale, Avenue Jean Monnet, CS 30171, Sète cedex, France; University of Cape Town, Marine Research Institute Ma-Re, Department of Biological Sciences, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Instituto del Mar del Perú (IMARPE), Gamarra y General Valle s/n Chucuito, Callao, Peru	Grüss, A., Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, United States, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Sustainable Fisheries Division, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, FL, United States; Schirripa, M.J., Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Sustainable Fisheries Division, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, FL, United States; Chagaris, D., Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, 100 8th Ave SE, St. Petersburg, FL, United States; Drexler, M., University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, 140 7th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, FL, United States; Simons, J., Center for Coastal Studies Natural Resources Center, Texas A andM University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr., Corpus Christi, TX, United States; Verley, P., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR EME 212, Centre de Recherche Halieutique Méditerranéenne et Tropicale, Avenue Jean Monnet, CS 30171, Sète cedex, France; Shin, Y.-J., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR EME 212, Centre de Recherche Halieutique Méditerranéenne et Tropicale, Avenue Jean Monnet, CS 30171, Sète cedex, France, University of Cape Town, Marine Research Institute Ma-Re, Department of Biological Sciences, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Karnauskas, M., Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Sustainable Fisheries Division, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, FL, United States; Oliveros-Ramos, R., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR EME 212, Centre de Recherche Halieutique Méditerranéenne et Tropicale, Avenue Jean Monnet, CS 30171, Sète cedex, France, Instituto del Mar del Perú (IMARPE), Gamarra y General Valle s/n Chucuito, Callao, Peru; Ainsworth, C.H., University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, 140 7th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, FL, United States	We applied the individual-based, multi-species OSMOSE modeling approach to the West Florida Shelf, with the intent to inform ecosystem-based management (EBM) in this region. Our model, referred to as 'OSMOSE-WFS', explicitly considers both pelagic-demersal and benthic high trophic level (HTL) groups of fish and invertebrate species, and is forced by the biomass of low trophic level groups of species (plankton and benthos). We present a steady-state version of the OSMOSE-WFS model describing trophic interactions in the West Florida Shelf in the 2000s. OSMOSE-WFS was calibrated using a recently developed evolutionary algorithm that allowed simulated biomasses of HTL groups to match observed biomasses over the period 2005-2009. The validity of OSMOSE-WFS was then evaluated by comparing simulated diets to observed ones, and the simulated trophic levels to those in an Ecopath model of the West Florida Shelf (WFS Reef fish Ecopath). Finally, OSMOSE-WFS was used to explore the trophic structure of the West Florida Shelf in the 2000s and estimate size-specific natural mortality rates for a socio-economically important species, gag grouper (Mycteroperca microlepis). OSMOSE-WFS outputs were in full agreement with observations as to the body size and ecological niche of prey of the different HTL groups, and to a lesser extent in agreement with the observed species composition of the diet of HTL groups. OSMOSE-WFS and WFS Reef fish Ecopath concurred on the magnitude of the instantaneous natural mortality of the different life stages of gag grouper over the period 2005-2009, but not always on the main causes of natural mortality. The model evaluations conducted here provides a strong basis for ongoing work exploring fishing and environmental scenarios so as to inform EBM. From simple size-based predation rules, we were indeed able to capture the complexity of trophic interactions in the West Florida Shelf, and to identify the predators, prey and competitors of socio-economically important species as well as pivotal prey species of the ecosystem. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Gag grouper; Marine ecosystem modeling; Natural mortality; Resource management; Trophic structure; West florida shelf	Biomass; Computer simulation; Fish; Nutrition; Reefs; Florida; Marine ecosystem; Natural mortality; Resource management; Trophic structure; Ecosystems; algorithm; body size; ecosystem modeling; mortality; niche; predation; resource management; socioeconomic status; trophic structure; Atlantic Ocean; Florida Shelf; Epinephelinae; Invertebrata; Mycteroperca microlepis	None
WoS	WOS:000299437500004	A proposed methodology for contextualised evaluation in higher education	Belluigi, Dina Zoe,Nygaard, Claus	2011	ASSESSMENT &amp; EVALUATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION	36	6	10.1080/02602931003650037	Copenhagen Business School, Rhodes University	"Belluigi, Dina Zoe: Rhodes University","Nygaard, Claus: Copenhagen Business School"	This paper aims to inspire stakeholders working with quality of higher education (such as members of study boards, study programme directors, curriculum developers and teachers) to critically consider their evaluation methods in relation to a focus on student learning. We argue that many of the existing methods of evaluation in higher education are underpinned by a conception of learning that is de-contextualised. As a consequence, many data collection methods do not address aspects that affect students' learning. This is problematic because the core aim of higher education is to facilitate student learning. We propose a contextualised evaluation methodology, guided by 10 key questions, which can help evaluators address concepts and questions of student learning in their evaluations.	"contextualised learning",evaluation,FEEDBACK,methodology,WORK	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749248312	Impacts of the 26 December 2004 tsunami in Eastern Africa	Obura D.	2006	Ocean and Coastal Management	49	11	10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2006.08.004	CORDIO East Africa, P.O. BOX 10135, Mombasa, 80101, Kenya	Obura, D., CORDIO East Africa, P.O. BOX 10135, Mombasa, 80101, Kenya	The tsunami of 26 December 2004 was the largest ever recorded in the Indian Ocean, triggered by the 3rd largest earthquake in 100 years measuring 9.2 moment magnitude. The epicenter of the earthquake was off Banda Aceh on the Indian Ocean coast of the island of Sumatra in Indonesia, centered at 3.316°N, 95.854°E. A sudden upward movement of the seafloor that averaged ∼6 m occurred along almost 1300 km of the north-east Indian Ocean plate at 0059 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and lasted 8 min. Because of the lack of preparedness and absence of warning systems in the Indian Ocean the tsunami spread silently across the ocean over a span of 8 h causing massive destruction including the deaths of over 250,000 people, with maximum damages occurring in Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, India and the Maldives. Moderate to low damages were recorded in the Seychelles, Socotra (Yemen) and Somalia, though in the latter a highly vulnerable town was impacted resulting in over 300 deaths. Most of eastern Africa was spared massive damages from the waves due to (a) distance from the epicenter (>6000 km), (b) the dissipation of energy of the tsunami by shallow banks in the middle of the Indian Ocean (the Seychelles banks, Saya de Malha and Cargados Carajos Shoals) and (c) at least for Kenya and Tanzania, the first and largest waves hit at low tide. In Kenya and Tanzania these factors resulted in the waves being experienced as tidal surges of 1-1.5 m amplitude lasting 5-10 min. Damages recorded for eastern Africa include 11 deaths in Tanzania and 1 in Kenya, of people walking and swimming over shallow intertidal flats being trapped by the advancing and receding tidal surges, damage to boats anchored in shallow water and inundation in Mauritius and Rodrigues. Official information, warning and response networks were nonexistent, and even when an official response was generated in Kenya the public demonstrated no faith or willingness to act on warnings from officials such as the police. Importantly, information on the tsunami and the generation of an official response was dependent on two technologies, satellite television and mobile telephony, and these should be built into future warning systems as key mechanisms and backups to official information and warning networks. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	None	Alarm systems; Earthquake effects; Energy dissipation; Satellites; Television; Tidal power; Inundation; Mobile telephony; Satellite televisions; Tidal surges; Tsunamis; earthquake; earthquake damage; earthquake epicenter; intertidal environment; seafloor; tsunami; warning system; Africa; Asia; East Africa; Eurasia; Greater Sunda Islands; India; Indian Ocean; Indian Ocean (Northeast); Indian Ocean islands; Kenya; Malay Archipelago; Maldives; Middle East; Seychelles; Socotra; Somalia; South Asia; South Yemen; Southeast Asia; Sri Lanka; Sub-Saharan Africa; Sumatra; Sunda Isles; Thailand; Yemen	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875478818	Eco-hydrological impacts of Eucalyptus in the semi humid Ethiopian Highlands: The Lake Tana Plain	Chanie T., Collick A.S., Adgo E., Lehmann C.J., Steenhuis T.S.	2013	Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics	61	1	10.2478/johh-2013-0004	Cornell University Master's Program in Integrated Watershed Management, Hydrology Cornell University at Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, University Park, PA 16802, United States; Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bahir Dar, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, 14853 NY, United States; Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; Department of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia	Chanie, T., Cornell University Master's Program in Integrated Watershed Management, Hydrology Cornell University at Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia; Collick, A.S., Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, University Park, PA 16802, United States; Adgo, E., Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bahir Dar, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Lehmann, C.J., Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, 14853 NY, United States; Steenhuis, T.S., Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States, Department of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia	Eucalyptus is the tree of choice for wood production by farmers in Ethiopia. Although there are many claims about its harmful effect on ecology and water availability, little actual research exists. The main objective of this study was, therefore, to study the extent of harm of Eucalyptus on the ecosystem. This study was conducted at the Koga Watershed near Lake Tana in Ethiopia. Twenty-five farmers were interviewed and a field experiment with three replications was carried out to quantify the effect of Eucalyptus on various soil physical and chemical properties and maize crop measurements and to compare bulk density, soil moisture contents, maize crop counts and shading effects in fields bordered by Eucalyptus and Croton macrostachyus. Our results show that Eucalyptus decreased both soil nutrients and maize yields within 20 m of the trees. Although moisture content was not affected during the monsoon, it decreased faster within 30 m of the Eucalyptus trees than elsewhere. Soils become water repellent, too. Local farmers' perception agreed with our experimental findings and indicated that Eucalyptus trees are exhausting the once productive land. They also reported that Eucalyptus dries up springs. Despite this, the growers insist on planting Eucalyptus because of its cash income.	Croton machrostachyus; Eucalyptus; Koga watershed; Soil water repellency	Croton machrostachyus; Eucalyptus; Eucalyptus trees; Farmers' perceptions; Soil physical and chemical properties; Soil water repellency; Water availability; Water repellents; Chemical properties; Crops; Ecology; Forestry; Lakes; Moisture determination; Soil moisture; Watersheds; Soil surveys; Chemical Properties; Ecology; Eucalyptus; Farm Crops; Forestry; Lakes; Moisture; Soil; Surveys; Water Sheds; Croton macrostachyus; Eucalyptus; Zea mays	None
WoS	WOS:000234123500003	Context matters: interpreting impact findings in child survival evaluations	Amaral, J,Bryce, J,El Arifeen, S,HABICHT, JP,HUICHO, L,Manzi, F,Pariyo, G,SCHELLENBERG, JA,Scherpbier, RW,VICTORA, CG	2005	HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING	20	SUPPL. 1	10.1093/heapol/czi050	Cornell University, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Makerere University, National University of San Marcos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Universidade Federal do Ceara, University of Geneva, University of London, World Health Organization, Ifakara Hlth Res & Dev Ctr, Inst Salud Nino, London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine	None	Appropriate consideration of contextual factors is essential for ensuring internal and external validity of randomized and non-randomized evaluations. Contextual factors may confound the association between delivery of the intervention and its potential health impact. They may also modify the effect of the intervention or programme, thus affecting the generalizability of results. This is particularly true for large-scale health programmes, for which impact may vary substantially from one context to another. Understanding the nature and role of contextual factors may improve the validity of study results, as well as help predict programme impact across sites. This paper describes the experience acquired in measuring and accounting for contextual factors in the Multi-Country Evaluation of the IMCI (Integrated Management of Childhood Illness) strategy in five countries: Bangladesh, Brazil, Peru, Uganda and Tanzania. Two main types of contextual factors were identified. Implementation-related factors include the characteristics of the health systems where IMCI was implemented, such as utilization rates, basic skills of health workers, and availability of drugs, supervision and referral. Impact-related factors include baseline levels and patterns of child mortality and nutritional status, which affect the scope for programme impact. We describe the strategies used in the IMCI evaluation in order to obtain data on relevant contextual factors and to incorporate them in the analyses. Two case studies - from Tanzania and Peru - show how appropriate consideration of contextual factors may help explain apparently conflicting evaluation results.	,CARE,ILLNESS,"INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT",INTERVENTIONS,PUBLIC-HEALTH,TANZANIA	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846901149	Long-term impacts of anthropogenic perturbations on dynamics and speciation of organic carbon in tropical forest and subtropical grassland ecosystems	Solomon D., Lehmann J., Kinyangi J., Amelung W., Lobe I., Pell A., Riha S., Ngoze S., Verchot L., Mbugua D., Skjemstad J., Schäfer T.	2007	Global Change Biology	13	2	10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01304.x	Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; Department of Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; UFZ Centre for Environmental Research, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany; International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; CSIRO Land and Water, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; Institute for Nuclear Waste Management, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany	Solomon, D., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; Lehmann, J., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; Kinyangi, J., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; Amelung, W., Department of Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; Lobe, I., UFZ Centre for Environmental Research, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany; Pell, A., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; Riha, S., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; Ngoze, S., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; Verchot, L., International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; Mbugua, D., International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; Skjemstad, J., CSIRO Land and Water, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; Schäfer, T., Institute for Nuclear Waste Management, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany	Anthropogenic perturbations have profoundly modified the Earth's biogeochemical cycles, the most prominent of these changes being manifested by global carbon (C) cycling. We investigated long-term effects of human-induced land-use and land-cover changes from native tropical forest (Kenya) and subtropical grassland (South Africa) ecosystems to agriculture on the dynamics and structural composition of soil organic C (SOC) using elemental analysis and integrated 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and synchrotron-based Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance (Sr-FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy. Anthropogenic interventions led to the depletion of 76%, 86% and 67% of the total SOC; and 77%, 85% and 66% of the N concentrations from the surface soils of Nandi, Kakamega and the South African sites, respectively, over a period of up to 100 years. Significant proportions of the total SOC (46-73%) and N (37-73%) losses occurred during the first 4 years of conversion indicating that these forest- and grassland-derived soils contain large amounts of labile soil organic matter (SOM), potentially vulnerable to degradation upon human-induced land-use and land-cover changes. Anthropogenic perturbations altered not only the C sink capacity of these soils, but also the functional group composition and dynamics of SOC with time, rendering structural composition of the resultant organic matter in the agricultural soils to be considerably different from the SOM under natural forest and grassland ecosystems. These molecular level compositional changes were manifested: (i) by the continued degradation of O-alkyl and acetal-C structures found in carbohydrate and holocellulose biomolecules, some labile aliphatic-C functionalities, (ii) by side-chain oxidation of phenylpropane units of lignin and (iii) by the continued aromatization and aliphatization of the humic fractions possibly through selective accumulation of recalcitrant H and C substituted aryl-C and aliphatic-C components such as (poly)-methylene units, respectively. These changes appeared as early as the fourth year after transition, and their intensity increased with duration of cultivation until a new quasi-equilibrium of SOC was approached at about 20 years after conversion. However, subtle but persistent changes in molecular structures of the resultant SOM continued long after (up to 100 years) a steady state for SOC was approached. These molecular level changes in the inherent structural composition of SOC may exert considerable influence on biogeochemical cycling of C and bioavailability of essential nutrients present in association with SOM, and may significantly affect the sustainability of agriculture as well as potentials of the soils to sequester C in these tropical and subtropical highland agroecosystems. © 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	13C NMR; Carbon sequestration; Deforestation; Land-use change; NEXAFS; Organic matter composition; Sr-FTIR-ATR; Synchrotron radiation	agricultural land; anthropogenic effect; carbon sequestration; carbon sink; deforestation; FTIR spectroscopy; grassland; land use change; nuclear magnetic resonance; organic carbon; soil carbon; subtropical region; tropical forest; Africa; East Africa; Kakamega; Kenya; Nandi; Rift Valley; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Western Province [Kenya]	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646193106	Planning and performance of small and medium enterprise operators in a country in transition	Yusuf A., Saffu K.	2005	Journal of Small Business Management	43	4	10.1111/j.1540-627X.2005.00148.x	Corporate Planning and Development Division, Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, Nigeria; Department of Entrepreneurship, Brock University, St. Catherines, Ont., Canada	Yusuf, A., Corporate Planning and Development Division, Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, Nigeria; Saffu, K., Department of Entrepreneurship, Brock University, St. Catherines, Ont., Canada	This paper examines the relationship between planning and performance of small and medium enterprise operators in a country in economic transition. The literature on planning-performance relationship reports mixed findings. In a period of uncertainty, as exemplified by conditions of economic difficulties, one would expect firms to do more planning. On the contrary, our study shows that economic difficulties do not encourage firms to plan seriously. Our study also shows that firms that plan do not necessarily experience increased performance, with the exception of the manufacturing sector. Other findings of the study include a significant gender difference in the planning sophistication of small firms in Ghana, with firms managed or owned by males having sophisticated planning compared with female managed or female-owned businesses. Size did not moderate planning performance in our study. Planning affected performance equally in both large and small firms in our study. We found no difference among the planning clusters for education. Firms with the highest growth in sales had low-planning sophistication. This study contributes to our understanding and appreciation of situations in which planning does not necessarily add significant value to organizations (by way of increased performance).	None	None	None
None	None	Evaluation of simple hand-held mechanical systems for harvesting tea (Camellia sinensis)	Burgess P.J., Carr M.K.V., Mizambwa F.C.S., Nixon D.J., Lugusi J., Kimambo E.I.	2006	Experimental Agriculture	42	2	10.1017/S0014479705003352	Cranfield University, Silsoe, Bedfordshire, MK45 4DT, United Kingdom; Tea Research Institute of Tanzania, P.O. Box 2177, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; Crop and Water Management Systems (Intnl.) Ltd., Pear Tree Cottage, Frog Lane, Warwickshire, CV36 4LG, United Kingdom; Booker-Tate Ltd., Masters Court Church Road, Thame, Oxon, OX9 3FA, United Kingdom; TPC Ltd., PO Box 93, Moshi, Tanzania	Burgess, P.J., Cranfield University, Silsoe, Bedfordshire, MK45 4DT, United Kingdom; Carr, M.K.V., Cranfield University, Silsoe, Bedfordshire, MK45 4DT, United Kingdom, Tea Research Institute of Tanzania, P.O. Box 2177, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, Crop and Water Management Systems (Intnl.) Ltd., Pear Tree Cottage, Frog Lane, Warwickshire, CV36 4LG, United Kingdom; Mizambwa, F.C.S., Tea Research Institute of Tanzania, P.O. Box 2177, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, TPC Ltd., PO Box 93, Moshi, Tanzania; Nixon, D.J., Cranfield University, Silsoe, Bedfordshire, MK45 4DT, United Kingdom, Booker-Tate Ltd., Masters Court Church Road, Thame, Oxon, OX9 3FA, United Kingdom; Lugusi, J., Tea Research Institute of Tanzania, P.O. Box 2177, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; Kimambo, E.I., Tea Research Institute of Tanzania, P.O. Box 2177, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania	Over an eight-year period, harvesting methods based on simple mechanical aids (blade and shear) were evaluated against hand harvesting on mature morphologically contrasting tea clones in Southern Tanzania. The effects of shear step height (5-32mm) and the harvest interval (1.8-4.2 phyllochrons) were also examined. Except in the year following pruning, large annual yields (5.7-7.9 t dry tea ha -1) were obtained by hand harvesting at intervals of two phyllochrons. For clones K35 (large shoots) and T207 (small shoots), the mean harvested shoot weights were equivalent to three unfurled leaves and a terminal bud. The proportions of broken shoots (40-48 %) and coarse material (4-6 %) were both relatively high. Using a blade resulted in similar yields to hand harvesting from K35 but larger yields from T207 (+13 %). The yield increase from clone T207 was associated with the harvest of more shoots and heavier shoots, smaller increases in canopy height, and a higher proportion (7-9 %) of coarse material compared to hand harvesting. On bushes, which had been harvested by hand for two years following pruning, using flat shears (no step) supported on the tea canopy resulted, over a three year period, in yields 8-14 % less than those obtained by hand harvesting and, for clone K35, a reduction in the leaf area index to below 5. The development of a larger leaf area index is made possible by adding a step to the shear. However, since annual yields were reduced by 40-50kg ha -1 per mm increase in step height, the step should be the minimum necessary to maintain long-term bush productivity. As mean shoot weights following shear harvesting were about 13 % below those obtained by hand harvesting, there is scope, when using shears, to extend the harvest interval from 2 to 2.5 phyllochrons. © 2006 Cambridge University Press.	None	Camellia sinensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938201454	Performance assessment of poly (methacrylic acid)/silver nanoparticles composite as corrosion inhibitor for aluminium in acidic environment	Solomon M.M., Umoren S.A.	2015	Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology	29	21	10.1080/01694243.2015.1066235	Corrosion Protection and Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Centre of Research Excellence in Corrosion, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia	Solomon, M.M., Corrosion Protection and Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Umoren, S.A., Centre of Research Excellence in Corrosion, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia	This article reports the preparation of poly (methacrylic acid)/silver nanoparticles composite (PMAA/AgNPs) by in situ mixing of aqueous solutions of PMAA and 1 mM AgNO<inf>3</inf> with natural honey as reducing and stabilizing agent. The prepared PMAA/AgNPs composite was characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) while the morphology of the AgNPs in the composite was obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM results revealed that the AgNPs were spherical in shape. The performance of PMAA/AgNPs composite as anticorrosion material for Al in acidic environment was examined by electrochemical, weight loss methods, complemented by surface analysis characterization with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDS and water contact angle measurements. Results obtained indicate that PMAA/AgNPs composite is effective corrosion inhibitor for Al in an acid-induced corrosive environment. Inhibition efficiency increased with increase in composite concentration but decreased with rise in temperature. From potentiodynamic polarization results, PMAA/AgNPs composite is found to function as a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor. The adsorption of the composite onto Al surface was found to follow El-Awady et al. adsorption isotherm model. SEM, EDS and water contact angle results confirmed the adsorption of the composite on Al surface. © 2015 Taylor and Francis.	acid corrosion; aluminium; composite; corrosion inhibition; nanoparticles; poly (methacrylic acid)	Adsorption; Aluminum; Composite materials; Contact angle; Corrosion; Electron microscopy; Energy dispersive spectroscopy; High resolution transmission electron microscopy; Nanoparticles; Scanning electron microscopy; Solutions; Surface analysis; Transmission electron microscopy; X ray diffraction; Acid corrosion; Adsorption isotherm model; Anti-corrosion materials; Corrosion inhibition; Energy dispersive spectroscopies (EDS); Performance assessment; Poly (methacrylic acid); Water contact angle measurement; Corrosion inhibitors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904977852	Impact of quantum entanglement on spectrum of cosmological fluctuations	Kanno S.	2014	Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics	2014	7	10.1088/1475-7516/2014/07/029	Cosmology and Gravity Center, Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Kanno, S., Cosmology and Gravity Center, Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	We investigate the effect of entanglement between two causally separated open charts in de Sitter space on the spectrum of vacuum fluctuations. We consider a free massive scalar field, and construct the reduced density matrix by tracing out the vacuum state for one of the open charts, as recently derived by Maldacena and Pimentel. We formulate the mean-square vacuum fluctuations by using the reduced density matrix and show that the scale invariant spectrum of massless scalar field is realized on small scales. On the other hand, we find that the quantum entanglement affects the shape of the spectrum on large scales comparable to or greater than the curvature radius.	ination; quantum cosmology; quantum field theory on curved space	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879036965	The impact of particle size and maceral segregation on char formation in a packed bed combustion unit	Malumbazo N., Wagner N.J., Bunt J.R.	2013	Fuel	111	None	10.1016/j.fuel.2013.03.056	Council for Geoscience, Mineral Resources Development, 280 Pretoria Street, Silverton, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Sasol Technology (PTY LTD), P.O. Box X1, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa	Malumbazo, N., Council for Geoscience, Mineral Resources Development, 280 Pretoria Street, Silverton, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Wagner, N.J., School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; Bunt, J.R., School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa, Sasol Technology (PTY LTD), P.O. Box X1, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa	Highveld parent coal was crushed into three size fractions, namely: 5 mm-75 mm, 5 mm-53 mm, and 5-37.5 mm. The crushed samples were subjected as feed coals to heating in a packed-bed reactor to investigate the influence of particle size reduction on char formation and reactivity. Coal petrography was utilized to assess the maceral and char formation distribution of the feed coal samples and their packed-bed combustion unit's products. The maceral distribution of the feed coal fractions differed from the typical run-of-mine Highveld coal petrographic composition; the smallest size fractions (-53 mm and -37.5 mm) having the highest vitrinite content. Maceral distribution was further divided into total reactive maceral particles, total inert maceral particles, and total inertinite particles. The -53 mm and -37.5 mm feed coal samples had the highest total reactive maceral particle content. Inert char particles dominated in the packed-bed combustion unit samples due to high inertinite maceral group content of the Highveld coals. Unexpectedly, the -53 mm feed coal sample had higher content of total reactive maceral particles and lower content of total inert maceral particles; whereas the -37.5 mm feed coal sample had high content of reactive maceral particles and high content of total inert maceral particles. This variation in maceral group content lead to the -53 mm feed coal sample being more reactive (producing more devolatilized and porous chars and thus reacting faster with reactant gases) than the -37.5 mm feed coal sample. This was due to inert maceral particles restricting the -37.5 mm feed coal sample from fully softening and reacting with reactant gas. This was also this was attributed to variation in volatile propagation of the three particle sizes. This confirms that a feed coal with smaller particle sizes results in different reactivity, char formation, and better heat transfer during combustion than the feed coal with large particle size range. Another important factor that plays a role in combustion is maceral association; it was observed that maceral distribution has a great influence on the char formation and its reactivity more than coal particle size. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Char morphology; Highveld coal; Maceral segregation; Reactivity	Coal particle size; Large particle sizes; Maceral distribution; Macerals; Packed bed reactor; Particle content; Particle size reduction; Petrographic composition; Chemical contamination; Coal; Inert gases; Packed beds; Particle size; Petrography; Reactivity (nuclear); Segregation (metallography); Coal combustion	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-83055174037	Detection and monitoring of surface subsidence associated with mining activities in the Witbank Coalfields, South Africa, using differential radar interferometry	Engelbrecht J., Inggs M.R., Makusha G.	2011	South African Journal of Geology	114	1	10.2113/gssajg.114.1.77	Council for Geoscience, Western Cape Unit, P.O. Box 572, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; Anglo Coal, P.O Box 61587, Marshalltown, Johannesburg, 2107, South Africa	Engelbrecht, J., Council for Geoscience, Western Cape Unit, P.O. Box 572, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Inggs, M.R., University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; Makusha, G., Anglo Coal, P.O Box 61587, Marshalltown, Johannesburg, 2107, South Africa	Surface subsidence associated with coal mining activities in the Mpumalanga Province, South Africa, changes the natural environment in several ways and current challenges for mining companies lie in rehabilitation of the natural environment and the prevention of further degradation. To monitor the spatial and temporal evolution of surface subsidence, traditional field-based monitoring approaches, including GPS and spirit levelling, are employed at a number of locations. However, the resulting measurements are point-based and frequent visitations are necessary to map the evolution of surface subsidence basins over time. To address these limitations, differential interferograms derived from repeat-pass satellite-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems were tested for their ability to measure and monitor surface deformation. The resulting interferograms revealed several features indicative of surface subsidence. Ground truth data confirmed the presence of a subsidence basin detected using differential interferometry techniques during the 35 day period between April 12, 2008 and May 17, 2008, with a maximum vertical deformation of 3.2 cm being recorded. Interferometric monitoring revealed an eastward migration of the subsidence basin between June 2, 2008 and September 15, 2008, with an additional 4.7 cm of subsidence being observed. This migration coincides with the advance of the working face of the mine during this period. The results demonstrate the ability of interferometric synthetic aperture radar techniques to measure surface subsidence as well as the monitoring of the evolution of subsidence basins over time. This implies that the technique could be included, together with traditional field-based surveying techniques, in an operational monitoring system. © 2011 March Geological Society of South Africa.	None	basin evolution; coal mining; deformation; detection method; environmental monitoring; GPS; human activity; leveling; monitoring system; radar interferometry; subsidence; synthetic aperture radar; temporal evolution; Mpumalanga; South Africa; Witbank Coalfield	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866245432	Particle-capturins performance of South African non-corrosive samplers	Pretorius C.J.	2011	Journal of the Mine Ventilation Society of South Africa	64	4	None	Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa	Pretorius, C.J., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa	In view of the international drive to eliminate silicosis, it is critical that reliable and consistent results are obtained from respirable dust sampling and analysis so that effective control measures can be implemented on mines. Two locally manufactured samplers were evaluated to determine how they perform in terms of the sampling of respirable dust. Various laboratory controlled tests were conducted to determine the physical and aerodynamic properties of the samplers and the particle size distribution of each filter sampled with one of the samplers. Results showed that there was relatively good consistency among the samplers from the same supplier. However, the two groups of samplers produced different results from one another. It is recommended that respirable dust samplers be subjected to more tests after manufacturing to ensure good quality control. Measuring one or two properties alone is insufficient to deem a sampler suitable for use within the general mining industry.	None	Aerodynamic properties; Control measures; Controlled tests; Non-corrosive; Respirable dust; Particle size analysis; Dust	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949115102	High-performance towards Cr(VI) removal using multi-active sites of polypyrrole-graphene oxide nanocomposites: Batch and column studies	Setshedi K.Z., Bhaumik M., Onyango M.S., Maity A.	2015	Chemical Engineering Journal	262	None	10.1016/j.cej.2014.10.034	Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; DST/CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Setshedi, K.Z., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Bhaumik, M., Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Onyango, M.S., Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Maity, A., DST/CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] adsorption onto polypyrrole graphene oxide nanocomposite (PPy-GO NC) From aqueous solutions was explored using batch and packed-bed column modes. The performance of the PPy-GO NC for Cr(VI) removal was evaluated as a function of solution pH, initial Cr(VI) concentration, temperature, bed mass and time. The characterization of PPy-GO NC using HR-TEM, FE-SEM and Raman spectroscopy confirmed that graphite was successfully exfoliated to thin layered graphene sheets and also ensured the presence of the PPy in the PPy-GO NC. Meanwhile the zeta potential data showed that the point of zero charge of the nanocomposite was at pH 6.2. Batch sorption isotherm data at optimum solution pH of 2, was satisfactorily described by the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum sorption capacity of 625. mg/g at 25. °C, while the kinetic data fitted well with the pseudo second order kinetic model. Sorption of Cr(VI) onto PPy-GO NC in binary ions systems was also evaluated and results showed that the presence of co-existing ions had no effect on Cr(VI) removal. Expressed through breakthrough curves, the packed-bed Cr(VI) sorption data showed consistency with the ideal s-shape. Moreover, a large volume of Cr(VI) contaminated water (64.08. L) was successfully treated to below allowable discharge limit at low influent Cr(VI) concentration (10. mg/L) using 2. g of PPy-GO NC at a flow rate of 3. mL/min. Breakthrough data were successfully described by the Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Breakthrough; Graphene oxide; Kinetics; Nanocomposites; Polypyrrole	Adsorption isotherms; Enzyme kinetics; Graphene; Isotherms; Kinetics; Nanocomposites; Packed beds; Polypyrroles; Sorption; Water pollution; Allowable discharge limits; Breakthrough; Cr contaminated water; Graphene oxide nanocomposites; Graphene oxides; Langmuir isotherm models; Point of zero charge; Pseudo-second-order kinetic models; Chromium compounds	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053235776	Design and performance of wideband DRFM for radar test and evaluation	Olivier K., Cilliers J.E., Du Plessis M.	2011	Electronics Letters	47	14	10.1049/el.2011.0362	Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Building 44, Meiring Naude Road, Pretoria, South Africa; University of Pretoria, Carl and Emily Fuchs Institute for Microelectronics, Pretoria, South Africa	Olivier, K., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Building 44, Meiring Naude Road, Pretoria, South Africa; Cilliers, J.E., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Building 44, Meiring Naude Road, Pretoria, South Africa; Du Plessis, M., University of Pretoria, Carl and Emily Fuchs Institute for Microelectronics, Pretoria, South Africa	The test and evaluation of modern radars using hardware in the loop simulators requires the use of wideband high-fidelity, digital radio frequency memories (DRFM) in order to generate realistic target returns. Important aspects of wideband DRFM design on a printed circuit board are highighted and the architecture of the DRFM that was implemented using commercial-off-the-shelf components is presented. The spurious free dynamic range of the DRFM was characterised as -47dBc worst case over an instantaneous bandwidth of 800MHz. An experimental pulse-Doppler radar was used to compare the fidelity of the returns from the DRFM and an optical delay line. © 2011 The Institution of Engineering and Technology.	None	Commercial off-the-shelf components; Digital radio frequency memory; Hardware in the loop simulator; High fidelity; Instantaneous bandwidth; Optical delay lines; Pulse-Doppler radar; Spurious free dynamic range; Test and evaluation; Wide-band; Worst case; Digital radio; Doppler radar; Printed circuit boards; Printed circuit design	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-51149092100	Evaluation of registry data removal by shredder programs	Velupillai H., Mokhonoana P.	2008	IFIP International Federation for Information Processing	285	None	10.1007/978-0-387-84927-0_5	Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa	Velupillai, H., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa; Mokhonoana, P., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa	Shredder programs attempt to overcome Window's inherent inability to erase data completely. A shredder is useful when one needs to transfer ownership or dispose of a computer, but it can be exploited by a suspect for the purpose of wiping incriminating evidence. Most shredder programs claim to remove all traces of data. This paper examines these claims by conducting forensic examinations of computers on which shredder programs were used. © 2008 International Federation for Information Processing.	Data removal; Shredder tools; Windows Registry	Forensic examinations; Transfer ownerships; Windows registry; Forensic examinations; Transfer ownerships; Windows registry; Computer forensics; Computer forensics; Information technology	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84961292145	Heuristic space diversity control for improved meta-hyper-heuristic performance	Grobler J., Engelbrecht A.P., Kendall G., Yadavalli V.S.S.	2015	Information Sciences	300	1	10.1016/j.ins.2014.11.012	Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Computer Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom; University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Malaysia; Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Grobler, J., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Engelbrecht, A.P., Department of Computer Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Kendall, G., School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Malaysia; Yadavalli, V.S.S., Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	This paper expands on the concept of heuristic space diversity and investigates various strategies for the management of heuristic space diversity within the context of a meta-hyper-heuristic algorithm in search of greater performance benefits. Evaluation of various strategies on a diverse set of floating-point benchmark problems shows that heuristic space diversity has a significant impact on hyper-heuristic performance. An exponentially increasing strategy (EIHH) obtained the best results. The value of a priori information about constituent algorithm performance on the benchmark set in question was also evaluated. Finally, EIHH demonstrated good performance when compared to a popular population based algorithm portfolio algorithm and the best performing constituent algorithm. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Diversity management; Heuristic space diversity; Hyper-heuristics	Algorithms; Digital arithmetic; Heuristic algorithms; Heuristic methods; Algorithm performance; Bench-mark problems; Diversity managements; Hyper-heuristic algorithms; Hyper-heuristics; Performance benefits; Population-based algorithm; Space diversity; Benchmarking	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901028720	The evaluation and quantification of respirable coal and silica dust concentrations: A task-based approach	Grové T., Van Dyk T., Franken A., Du Plessis J.	2014	Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene	11	6	10.1080/15459624.2013.877140	Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Centre for Mining Innovation, P.O. Box 91230, Auckland-Park 2006, South Africa; Kobus Dekker Occupational Hygiene Consultancy, Pretoria, South Africa; School of Physiology, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Grové, T., Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Centre for Mining Innovation, P.O. Box 91230, Auckland-Park 2006, South Africa; Van Dyk, T., Kobus Dekker Occupational Hygiene Consultancy, Pretoria, South Africa; Franken, A., School of Physiology, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Du Plessis, J., School of Physiology, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Silicosis and coal worker's pneumoconiosis are serious occupational respiratory diseases associated with the coal mining industry and the inhalation of respirable dusts containing crystalline silica. The purpose of this study (funded by the Mine Health and Safety Council of South Africa) was to evaluate the individual contributions of underground coal mining tasks to the respirable dust and respirable silica dust concentrations in an underground section by sampling the respirable dust concentrations at the intake and return of each task. The identified tasks were continuous miner (CM) cutting, construction, transfer of coal, tipping, and roof bolting. The respirable dust-generating hierarchy of the tasks from highest to lowest was: transfer of coal > CM right cutting > CM left cutting > CM face cutting > construction > roof bolting > tipping; and for respirable silica dust: CM left cutting > construction > transfer of coal > CM right cutting. Personal exposure levels were determined by sampling the exposures of workers performing tasks in the section. Respirable dust concentrations and low concentrations of respirable silica dust were found at the intake air side of the section, indicating that air entering the section is already contaminated. The hierarchy for personal respirable dust exposures was as follows, from highest to lowest: CM operator > cable handler > miner > roof bolt operator > shuttle car operator, and for respirable silica dust: shuttle car operator > CM operator > cable handler > roof bolt operator > miner. Dust control methods to lower exposures should include revision of the position of workers with regard to the task performed, positioning of the tasks with regard to the CM cutting, and proper use of the line curtains to direct ventilation appropriately. The correct use of respiratory protection should also be encouraged. Copyright © 2014 JOEH, LLC.	Coal mining; Coal mining activities; Mine Health and Safety Council; Respirable dust; Respirable silica dust; Task-based exposure	air pollutant; coal; dust; silicon dioxide; air pollutant; analysis; coal mining; dust; environmental monitoring; human; occupational exposure; particle size; South Africa; statistics and numerical data; workplace; Air Pollutants, Occupational; Coal; Coal Mining; Dust; Environmental Monitoring; Humans; Occupational Exposure; Particle Size; Silicon Dioxide; South Africa; Workplace	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957120419	In vivo evaluation of the biodistribution and safety of PLGA nanoparticles as drug delivery systems	Semete B., Booysen L., Lemmer Y., Kalombo L., Katata L., Verschoor J., Swai H.S.	2010	Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine	6	5	10.1016/j.nano.2010.02.002	Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Polymers and Bioceramics, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Pharmaceutics, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Semete, B., Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Polymers and Bioceramics, Pretoria, South Africa; Booysen, L., Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Polymers and Bioceramics, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Pharmaceutics, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Lemmer, Y., Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Polymers and Bioceramics, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Kalombo, L., Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Polymers and Bioceramics, Pretoria, South Africa; Katata, L., Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Polymers and Bioceramics, Pretoria, South Africa; Verschoor, J., Department of Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Swai, H.S., Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Polymers and Bioceramics, Pretoria, South Africa	The remarkable physicochemical properties of particles in the nanometer range have been proven to address many challenges in the field of science. However, the possible toxic effects of these particles have raised some concerns. The aim of this article is to evaluate the effects of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo compared to industrial nanoparticles of a similar size range such as zinc oxide, ferrous oxide, and fumed silica. An in vitro cytotoxicity study was conducted to assess the cell viability following exposure to PLGA nanoparticles. Viability was determined by means of a WST assay, wherein cell viability of greater than 75% was observed for both PLGA and amorphous fumed silica particles and ferrous oxide, but was significantly reduced for zinc oxide particles. In vivo toxicity assays were performed via histopathological evaluation, and no specific anatomical pathological changes or tissue damage was observed in the tissues of Balb/C mice. The extent of tissue distribution and retention following oral administration of PLGA particles was analyzed for 7 days. After 7 days, the particles remained detectable in the brain, heart, kidney, liver, lungs, and spleen. The results show that a mean percentage (40.04%) of the particles were localized in the liver, 25.97% in the kidney, and 12.86% in the brain. The lowest percentage was observed in the spleen. Thus, based on these assays, it can be concluded that the toxic effects observed with various industrial nanoparticles will not be observed with particles made of synthetic polymers such as PLGA when applied in the field of nanomedicine. Furthermore, the biodistribution of the particles warrants surface modification of the particles to avoid higher particle localization in the liver. From the Clinical Editor: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo compared to industrial nanoparticles including zinc oxide, ferrous oxide, and fumed silica. The authors concluded that the toxic effects observed with various industrial nanoparticles is unlikely to be observed with particles made of PLGA. The biodistribution of these particles warrants surface modification to avoid particle accumulation in the liver. © 2010 Elsevier Inc.	Biodistribution; Nanomedicine; Nanoparticles; PLGA; Toxicity	BALB/c mice; Biodistributions; Cell viability; Drug delivery system; Fumed silica particles; Fumed silicas; In-vitro; In-vivo; Mean percentage; Nano meter range; Nanomedicines; Oral administration; Particle accumulation; Pathological changes; Physicochemical property; PLGA; PLGA nanoparticles; Poly-lactide-co-glycolide; Size ranges; Surface modification; Synthetic polymers; Tissue damage; Tissue distributions; Toxic effect; Zinc oxide particles; Assays; Drug delivery; Industrial poisons; Industry; Iron oxides; Liver; Medical nanotechnology; Silica; Ternary systems; Tissue; Toxicity; Zinc; Zinc oxide; Nanoparticles; ferrous oxide; iron derivative; polyglactin; silicon dioxide; unclassified drug; zinc oxide; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; article; brain; cell viability; controlled study; cytotoxicity; drug delivery system; drug safety; female; heart; histopathology; human; human cell; in vitro study; kidney; liver; lung; mouse; nanomedicine; nonhuman; particle size; spleen; tissue distribution; tissue injury; Animals; Caco-2 Cells; Cell Survival; Drug Delivery Systems; Female; Humans; Lactic Acid; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Nanoparticles; Polyglycolic Acid; Mus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-74049155522	Enhancement of magnetic signatures of impact structures	Cowan D.R., Cooper G.R.J.	2005	Special Paper of the Geological Society of America	384	None	10.1130/0-8137-2384-1.51	Cowan Geodata Services, 12 Edna Road, Dalkeith, WA 6009, Australia; School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa	Cowan, D.R., Cowan Geodata Services, 12 Edna Road, Dalkeith, WA 6009, Australia; Cooper, G.R.J., School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa	Aeromagnetic surveys are a useful tool in the detection and analysis of terrestrial impact structures. Although gravity anomalies provide clearer and simpler signatures of impact craters, large regional-scale aeromagnetic surveys are more widely available. A combination of many factors, such as the nature of the target rocks, the impact-related magnetization, and effects of crater fill and post-impact cover results in a great variation of magnetic signatures in the terrestrial impact craters. In crystalline basement targets, the most common signature of a complex impact structure is a magnetic low with a central peak or ring uplift magnetic anomaly. Contributions to the magnetic signature include demagnetization, shock remagnetization, and thermal and chemical remanent magnetization effects. Impact craters in sedimentary targets usually are of small magnetic amplitude, depending on the lithology. The origin of the magnetic signatures in sedimentary targets is not well understood. Enhancement of magnetic signatures of terrestrial impact structures using filtering techniques is an important part of detection and analysis. Derivative and derivative-based (such as sunshading) techniques, along with separation filtering, are probably the most used methods. Here we present our new developments of algorithms for fractional order derivatives and circular shaded relief that have dramatically improved filter results. The fractional derivative order can be varied to optimize the separation of the impact magnetic signature. Given a chosen center location, the circular shaded relief algorithm treats all directions equally, thus preventing fade-out of features subparallel to the shading direction evident in conventional shaded relief. Unlike Hough transform based algorithms, the circular sunshading method is not sensitive to the radius of the circular feature being searched for, and no radius parameter is specified during the data processing We illustrate the new fractional derivative and circular shaded relief algorithms using selected Australian and Canadian impact crater data sets involving both crystalline basement and sedimentary targets. © 2005 Geological Society of America.	Aeromagnetic surveys; Circular shaded relief; Fractional order derivatives; Impact structures; Magnetization	aeromagnetic survey; algorithm; crater; crystalline rock; data set; gravity anomaly; magnetic anomaly; magnetization; relief; uplift; Australia; Canada	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79651469921	The effects of shade on performance, carcass classes and behaviour of heat-stressed feedlot cattle at the finisher phase	Blaine K.L., Nsahlai I.V.	2011	Tropical Animal Health and Production	43	3	10.1007/s11250-010-9740-x	Crafcor Farming PTY Ltd, Dundee, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Discipline of Poultry and Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa	Blaine, K.L., Crafcor Farming PTY Ltd, Dundee, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Nsahlai, I.V., Discipline of Poultry and Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa	The study aimed to determine the impact of shade on the performance, carcass class and behaviour using 146 crossbred steers and bulls during the finishing phase on a commercial feedlot in February. Treatments were (1) shade and (2) no shade. Average daily gain (ADG), DMI, and feed efficiency were measured, and hot carcass weight (HCW) and grades were collected at slaughter. The proportion of animals within a pen engaged in various behavioural activities (standing, lying, feeding and panting) was recorded. Five randomly selected individual animals per treatment were monitored every 2 min between 0700 and 1600 hours to determine the time spent on each of the above activities. Shade improved the final body weight (P &lt; 0.0001), ADG (P = 0.079), and HCW by 8.33 kg (P &lt; 0.05). Shade increased (P &lt; 0.05) the feeding activity but decreased (P &lt; 0.05) panting behaviour. Shade conferred an economic benefit of R2. 03 head -1 week -1, and thus would reduce heat stress and increase the feedlot profitability. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Behaviour; Feedlot cattle; Heat stress; Performance; Shade	animal; animal behavior; animal husbandry; article; body weight; cattle; eating; growth, development and aging; male; methodology; physiological stress; physiology; randomization; South Africa; statistical model; temperature; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Body Weight; Cattle; Eating; Linear Models; Male; Random Allocation; South Africa; Stress, Physiological; Temperature; Animalia; Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870311367	The impact of contactor scale on a ferric nanoparticle adsorbent process for the removal of phosphorus from municipal wastewater	Martin B.D., De Kock L., Stephenson T., Parsons S.A., Jefferson B.	2013	Chemical Engineering Journal	None	None	10.1016/j.cej.2012.11.006	Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom; Department of Chemical Technology, Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (Water Research Platform), University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa	Martin, B.D., Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom; De Kock, L., Department of Chemical Technology, Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (Water Research Platform), University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; Stephenson, T., Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom; Parsons, S.A., Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom; Jefferson, B., Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom, Department of Chemical Technology, Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (Water Research Platform), University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa	The impact of contactor scale on the efficacy of a ferric nanoparticle embedded media for phosphorus removal was investigated. Experiments were conducted on columns with diameters between 15 and 500mm, operated at a fixed empty bed contact time of 4min and an aspect ratio of bed depth to column diameter of 2:1 to ensure self similarity. The columns contained a ferric nanoparticle embedded media, and treated water containing 4mgPL-1 to simulate applications of full load removal. The treatable flow before breakthrough, the shape of the mass transfer zone and the capacity were all seen to vary with the column diameter used. A logarithmic relationship was observed between column diameter and adsorption capacity such that the capacity increased from 3.4 to 6.3mgPgmedia-1 as the column diameter increased from 15 to 500mm. Overall the results highlight the importance of considering the scale at which the capacity is measured when assessing the economic suitability of the embedded nanoparticle resin. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Ferric nanoparticles; Municipal wastewater; Phosphorus removal; Scale-up	Adsorption capacities; Bed depth; Embedded media; Embedded nanoparticles; Empty bed contact time; Full-load; Logarithmic relationship; Municipal wastewaters; Phosphorus removal; Scale-up; Self-similarities; Aspect ratio; Phosphorus; Water treatment; Nanoparticles	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959607322	Evaluation of cooked and mechanically defatted sesame (Sesamum indicum) seed meal as a replacer for soybean meal in the diet of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)	Jimoh W.A., Aroyehun H.T.	2011	Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences	11	2	10.4194/trjfas.2011.0202	Crescent University, Department of Biological Sciences, Fisheries and Aquaculture Unit, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Jimoh, W.A., Crescent University, Department of Biological Sciences, Fisheries and Aquaculture Unit, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Aroyehun, H.T., Crescent University, Department of Biological Sciences, Fisheries and Aquaculture Unit, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to assess the replacement value of cooked and mechanically defatted sesame seed meal as dietary replacement of soybean meal in diets of Clarias gariepinus. All diets were prepared to be isonitrogenous, (40% crude protein), isolipidic (12% lipid) and isoenergetic (18 Mj/g). Cooked and mechanically defatted sesame seed meals were used to replace soybean meal at a rate of 0, 25, 50, 75, 100% respectively. The performance of the fish fed sesame seed meal-based test diets was compared to fish fed a soybean meal-based control diets containing 40% crude protein. Each treatment had three replicates using 15 catfish fingerlings per tank with mean initial body weight of 6.37±0.21 g. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in protein productive value, feed intake; specific growth rate, % weight gain and crude deposition between fish fed control diets and fish fed diets containing 25% sesame. Similarly there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in protein productive value, feed intake; specific growth rate, % weight gain and crude deposition between fish fed fish fed diets containing 25% sesame and fish fed diets containing 50% sesame. However, a significant difference (P<0.05) was recorded between fish fed control diets and fish fed other test diets using the above indices. Comparable performance in growth nutrient utilization and carcass crude protein deposition in Clarias gariepinus fed diets with SSM25 and SSM50 showed that these meals could be viable means of improving the cost of fish feeding. © Published by Central Fisheries Research Institute (CFRI) Trabzon, Turkey.	African catfish; Mechanically defatted; Sesame; Soybean meal	Clarias gariepinus; Glycine max; Sesamum indicum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-35448962527	Sink competition and desuckering effects on field performance of triploid and tetraploid plantain genotypes	Tenkouano A., Vuylsteke D., Swennen R.	2007	Journal of Crop Improvement	20	02-Jan	10.1300/J411v20n01_02	Crop Improvement Division, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, P.M.B. 5320, Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria; Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 13, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; IITA c/o L.W. Lam	Tenkouano, A., Crop Improvement Division, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, P.M.B. 5320, Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria, IITA c/o L.W. Lambourn and Co., 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Vuylsteke, D., Crop Improvement Division, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, P.M.B. 5320, Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria; Swennen, R., Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 13, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium	Reproductive growth in polyarchic Musa spp. varieties occurs by the simultaneous growth of several shoots, resulting in competitive inhibition of fruit development in the individual shoots, particularly under poor soil fertility conditions. Nine plantain genotypes were forced into single-culm growth by continuous sucker removal in the ratoon crop (RC). There were no significant differences among genotypes for days to flowering (DTF) and days to harvest (DTH) in the plant crop (PC), but significant differences occurred in RC for both traits. There was a negative correlation between degree of sucker growth in the PC and DTF or DTH in RC, indicating that early flowering and maturity in the RC occurred as a result of fast sucker development in the PC. Likewise, bunch weight in the RC was positively correlated with sucker growth in the previous crop. However, sucker growth appeared to compete against the development of the bunch in the PC, resulting in a significant reduction in fruit size but not fruit number. Desuckering significantly reduced DTF and DTH in the RC. Bunch weight and fruit size were significantly improved by sucker removal in the RC. Gains were highest for genotypes that normally produce multiple lateral shoots and lowest for those displaying a more hierarchical growth habit. Thus, sucker removal could be recommended as a crop management option for the polyarchic Musa genotypes. Copyright © by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.	Apical dominance; Bunch weight; Crop management; Desuckering; Genetic improvement; Musa spp.; Suckering behavior	Musa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893333974	Quality evaluation of chocolate produced using soy-cow milk	Obatoye A.O., Ogunwolu S.O., Idowu M.A.	2014	Nutrition and Food Science	44	1	10.1108/NFS-07-2013-0078	Crop Processing and Utilization, Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria; Food and Human Ecology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Obatoye, A.O., Crop Processing and Utilization, Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ogunwolu, S.O., Crop Processing and Utilization, Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria; Idowu, M.A., Food and Human Ecology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effects of substituting cow milk with soy milk in the standard milk chocolate recipe on the physical, chemical and sensory qualities of milk chocolate and obtain the best ratio of substitution. Design/methodology/approach: Milk chocolates were produced by substituting the cow milk in the standard recipe with soy milk powder at different ratios of soy milk to cow milk. Physical and chemical analyses were carried out using the standard methods to evaluate the major raw materials and chocolate samples, and the sensory evaluation of the chocolate samples was carried out using preference and difference tests. Findings: Soy milk contained the highest crude protein and crude fiber. The cut test results of the cocoa beans showed that the percentage of fully fermented cocoa beans was in agreement with the standard. Residimeter value (RV) of four chocolate samples (30:70, 20:80, 10:90, and 0:100) was the best. The nitrogen content and melting points of the chocolates samples were found to increase with increased inclusion of soy milk powder in the recipe. There was no significant difference (p<0.05) in taste, sweetness, smoothness, and overall acceptability of the 0:100 and 30:70; soy milk to cow milk samples. Practical implications: Soy-chocolate will be a new chocolate product with higher melting point and lower cost than the standard milk chocolate. The selling price of chocolate will be lower and thus affordable to low-income earners. Also, there will be an increased utilization of soybean. Originality/value: Soy-chocolate recipe is a new and additional recipe for the production of milk chocolate. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Cocoa; Food products; Milk; Nutrition; Product development; Soya	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78449281971	Effect of stage and intensity of defoliation on the performance of vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp)	Ibrahim U., Auwalu B.M., Udom G.N.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	18	None	Crop Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria; Agronomy Department of Agronomy, Bayero University Kano, Kano State, Nigeria; Department of Agronomy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria	Ibrahim, U., Crop Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria; Auwalu, B.M., Agronomy Department of Agronomy, Bayero University Kano, Kano State, Nigeria; Udom, G.N., Department of Agronomy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria	Field experiments were conducted in 2006 and 2007 on the experimental farm of the Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zaria to determine the effect of stage and intensity of defoliation on the performance of vegetable cowpea. The treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design replicated three times. The treatment consisted of factorial combination of three growth stages (vegetative, flowering and podding) and five defoliation intensity (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100). Artificial defoliation was carried out at each of the stages at different intensities. Defoliation for vegetative, flowering and podding were carried out at 5, 7 and 9 weeks after sowing respectively. Cowpea defoliated at the early stages just prior to podding significantly (p < 0.05) reduced both growth and developmental characters. Also, the yield and yield components were significantly reduced by early defoliation. The intensity of defoliation significantly affected the growth and development of cowpea and the yield loss increased as the percentage of defoliation was higher. The interaction between stage and intensity of defoliation was significant for pod yield and shows that defoliating up to 50% at vegetative and flowering stages was detrimental to yield of vegetable cowpea. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Defoliation intensity; Developmental characters; Vegetable cowpea; Vegetative characters; Yield component	Vigna unguiculata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845431630	Evaluation of productivity potentials of soils of the Gubi soil series	Voncir N., Mustapha S., Amba A.A., Kparmwang T.	2006	Journal of Applied Sciences	6	13	10.3923/jas.2006.2843.2845	Crop Production Programme, ATBU, Bauchi, Nigeria; Department of Soil Science, ABU, Zaria, Nigeria	Voncir, N., Crop Production Programme, ATBU, Bauchi, Nigeria; Mustapha, S., Crop Production Programme, ATBU, Bauchi, Nigeria; Amba, A.A., Crop Production Programme, ATBU, Bauchi, Nigeria; Kparmwang, T., Department of Soil Science, ABU, Zaria, Nigeria	Six soils subgroups; two each from Alfisols, Inceptisols and Entisols in the Gubi soil series of Bauchi State were evaluated for their productivity potential using soil site characteristics and physicochemical properties. Ratings and grades for these soil characteristics were allotted and their means used for comparison. The result of the land evaluation grading was observed to ranged from A to E i.e., Extremely high productivity potential (Oxyaquic Ustifluvent, profile 02T2/02T3) to moderately low productivity potential (Typic Ustropept and Ustic Dystropept). The grading is highly correlated with the soil subgroups and is recommended for assessing productivity potential of soils under defined climate and management practice. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Gubi soil series; Potential; Productivity	Gubi soil series; High productivity; Highly-correlated; Land evaluation; Management practices; Physicochemical property; Potential; Soil characteristics; Grading; Productivity; Soils	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33747617348	Performance of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) as influenced by irrigation schedules	Babatunde F.E., Mofoke A.L.E.	2006	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	5	4	10.3923/pjn.2006.363.367	Crop Production Programme, School of Agriculture and Agriculture Technology, Balewa University, P.M.B. 0248, Abubakar Tafawa, Bauchi, Nigeria; Agriculture Engineering Programme, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Balewa University, P.M.B. 0	Babatunde, F.E., Crop Production Programme, School of Agriculture and Agriculture Technology, Balewa University, P.M.B. 0248, Abubakar Tafawa, Bauchi, Nigeria; Mofoke, A.L.E., Agriculture Engineering Programme, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Balewa University, P.M.B. 0248, Abubakar Tafawa, Bauchi, Nigeria	Global outcry for food security necessitates both rain fed and irrigation farming to boost up world food production. This research therefore explored the possibility of growing roselle (Hibiscus sabdarriffa. L) under irrigation. The experimental treatments comprised five irrigation schedules with irrigation intervals (f) of 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 days. The corresponding gross water requirements (GWR) were 37, 56, 74, 93, and 112mm. The crops were grown under check basin irrigation during the 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 irrigation seasons in Bauchi state, Nigeria. Results showed that difference in number of leaves per plant was significant (p = 0.05) with the fifth irrigation schedule (f = 11 days, GWR = 112mm) giving the highest value of 347 leaves per plant, while the first irrigation schedule (f = 3 days, GWR = 37mm) resulted in only 192 leaves per plant. Variations in plant height, number of branches per plant and canopy diameter were insignificant (p = 0.05). The influence of irrigation schedule on the yield of roselle measured with respect to fresh calyx weight was highly significant with a strong coefficient of determination of 97.1%. Yield soared with increase in seasonal irrigation depth. The increase followed a second degree polynomial, reaching a projected maximum of about 682 Kg/ha. The associated maximum seasonal application depth was found to be approximately 3389 mm. Results of this study indicate that maximum yield of roselle grown under irrigation could be attained with a weekly irrigation interval and a gross application depth of 188 mm. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.	Irrigation; Maximum; Roselle; Yield	article; canopy; crop production; Hibiscus; irrigation (agriculture); Nigeria; plant ecology; plant growth; plant height; plant water relation; plant yield; seasonal variation; species cultivation; statistical significance; Hibiscus; Hibiscus sabdariffa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881556553	Comparison of laboratory and field bioassays of laboratory-reared Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) quality and field performance	Carpenter J.E., Blomefield T., Hight S.D.	2013	Journal of Applied Entomology	137	8	10.1111/jen.12039	Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA, United States; Agricultural Research Council, Stellenbosch, South Africa; USDA-ARS-CMAVE Center for Biological Control, FAMU, Tallahassee, FL, United States	Carpenter, J.E., Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA, United States; Blomefield, T., Agricultural Research Council, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Hight, S.D., USDA-ARS-CMAVE Center for Biological Control, FAMU, Tallahassee, FL, United States	Maximum production and fitness of insect species that are mass-reared for biological control programmes such as the sterile insect technique (SIT) have benefitted from the employment of quality control and quality management. With a growing interest in the use of SIT as a tactic for the suppression/eradication of key lepidopteran pests, such as the codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), there is a parallel interest in inexpensive bioassays that can accurately detect differences in insect quality and monitor insect field performance. In this study, we examined laboratory (mating and flight ability) bioassays and field (field cage and open field release) bioassays simultaneously to discern the ability of the different bioassays to predict quality and field performance of codling moths produced in a commercial mass-rearing facility. Moth quality was degraded by different levels of radiation during the sterilization procedure. Both the laboratory flight bioassay and the field cage bioassay successfully detected quality and performance differences that were relevant to moth performance in the field. However, the study data suggest that the field cage bioassay was a better predictor of the daily performance of males that had been released in the orchard than the laboratory flight bioassay. Conversely, data suggest that the controlled climatic conditions of the laboratory allowed the flight cylinder bioassay to be more sensitive in detecting daily fluctuations in the quality of moths caused by factors within the mass-rearing facility. Therefore, both laboratory and field bioassays may be required to provide feedback on quality and performance of mass-reared moths in a SIT programme. Copyright © 2013 Blackwell Verlag GmbH1378 September 2013 10.1111/jen.12039 Original Contribution ORIGINAL ARTICLES © 2013 Blackwell Verlag, GmbH.	Codling moth; Flight ability; Quality control; Sterile insect technique	bioassay; biological control; entomology; fighting; fitness; integrated pest management; laboratory method; moth; orchard; quality control; rearing; sterile release method; Cydia pomonella; Hexapoda; Lepidoptera; Tortricidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78249244810	Oviposition preference and offspring performance of Crocidolomia pavonana (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on different host plants	Karungi J., Lubanga U.K., Kyamanywa S., Ekbom B.	2010	Journal of Applied Entomology	134	10-Sep	10.1111/j.1439-0418.2010.01518.x	Crop Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden	Karungi, J., Crop Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Lubanga, U.K., Crop Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Kyamanywa, S., Crop Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Ekbom, B., Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden	The cabbage head caterpillar Crocidolomia pavonana (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is an increasingly devastating pest on white cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) in Uganda. Screen house and field trials were used to assess oviposition preference and offspring performance of C. pavonana on six hosts in the genus Brassica: kale (B. oleracea var. acephala), cauliflower (B. oleracea var. botrytis), broccoli (B. oleracea var. italica), Chinese cabbage (B. campestris spp. pekinensis), Indian mustard (B. juncea (L.) Czern.) and white cabbage (B. oleracea var. capitata). To assess oviposition preference, the hosts were offered to C. pavonana in multiple-choice (all six); two-choice (cabbage with each of the other hosts) or cabbage-only situations. After specified oviposition periods, egg numbers on individual plants were recorded. To determine C. pavonana offspring performance on the six hosts, whole plants were placed in individual cages, where larvae were monitored for development time, pupal weight and foliage consumption. Results of the choice tests indicated that C. pavonana preferred Chinese cabbage and broccoli for oviposition. In two-choice arrangements, all the tested host plants were able to greatly reduce oviposition on white cabbage (69-100%) when compared with the monocrop. Chinese cabbage was the most suitable host with regard to C. pavonana offspring performance as demonstrated by the shortest development time and highest pupal weight. Chinese cabbage and broccoli can be used as traps for the pest but the resulting larvae should be destroyed regularly to prevent accumulation in the system. © 2010 Blackwell Verlag, GmbH.	Brassica; Insect behaviour; Insect biology; Pest management; Trap cropping	behavioral ecology; biocontrol agent; biological control; dicotyledon; fieldwork; host plant; larva; moth; oviposition; pest control; pupa; trap crop; Uganda; Botrytis; Brassica; Brassica juncea; Brassica oleracea var. acephala; Brassica oleracea var. botrytis; Brassica oleracea var. capitata; Brassica oleracea var. italica; Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis; Crocidolomia pavonana; Hexapoda; Lepidoptera; Pyralidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920283501	In vitro and greenhouse evaluation of botanical extracts for antifungal activity against phythopthora infestans	Ngadze E.	2014	Journal of Biopesticides	7	2	None	Crop Science Department, University of Zimbabwe, P.O.Box. MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Ngadze, E., Crop Science Department, University of Zimbabwe, P.O.Box. MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	The aim of this study was to evaluate plant extracts for antifungal activities against Phythopthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, an important pathogen of potato which causes late blight disease. Acetone, ethyl acetate and water extracts of garlic (Allium sativum L.), Pawpaw (Carica papaya), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Mexican marigold (Tagetes minuta) and peri –winkle (Vinca rosea) were screened in vitro for their antifungal activities against Phythopthora infestans using the disc agar infusion and microtitre double-dilution techniques. The same extracts were then tested for antifungal activity in vivo in the greenhouse on inoculated potato plants. The water extracts of Allium sativum and Azadirachta indica were active against Phythopthora infestans and had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) of 1.65 mg/ml. MICs of Allium sativum, Azadirachta indica and Tagetes minuta acetone extracts were 0.78, 3.13 and 6.5 mg/ml respectively against Phytophthora infestans. Allium sativum and Azadirachta indica water and acetone extracts performed well and they effectively reduced potato late blight in the greenhouse. These extracts compared well with the reductions due to application of Ridomil, a synthetic fungicide applied at 42.5g/l (active ingredient) and also with levels in the non-inoculated control. Allium sativum and Azadirachta indica were effective both in vitro and in vivo in controlling late blight have a potential to be used as fungicides against the disease. The plants are readily available and the extraction method is also simple and could lead to high adoption as fungicides by resource poor farmers. © 2014, Crop Protection Research Centre. All Rights Reserved.	Allium sativum; Azadirachta indica; Carica papaya; Fungicidal; Phytophthora infestans; Tagetes minuta; Vinca rosea	Allium sativum; Asimina triloba; Azadirachta indica; Carica papaya; Catharanthus roseus; Phytophthora infestans; Solanum tuberosum; Tagetes minuta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-73449106812	Patterns of income diversification in rural Nigeria: Determinants and impacts	Babatunde R.O., Qaim M.	2009	Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture	48	4	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Germany	Babatunde, R.O., Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Qaim, M., Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Germany	While the determinants of rural income diversification have been analyzed in various developing countries, the results remain somewhat ambiguous. Likewise, many previous studies failed to consider the impacts of diversification. Hence, more research is needed to understand what conditions lead to what outcomes and to identify appropriate policy responses. Here, we analyze the situation in rural Nigeria based on recent survey data. The majority of households is fairly diversified; 50% of total income is from off-farm sources. Strikingly, richer households tend to be more diversified, suggesting that diversification is not only considered a risk management strategy but also a means to increase overall income. Econometric analysis confirms that the marginal income effect is positive. Yet, due to market imperfections, resource- poor households are constrained in diversifying their income sources. Reducing market failures through infrastructure improvements could enhance their situation, while, at the same time, promoting specialization among the relatively better off.	Farm households; Income diversification; Nigeria; Off-farm activities	developing world; development strategy; econometrics; income distribution; off-farm employment; policy approach; rural area; rural economy; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38949129387	Seed performance of maize in response to phosphorus application and growth temperature is related to phytate-phosphorus occurrence	Modi A.T., Asanzi N.M.	2008	Crop Science	48	1	10.2135/cropsci2007.06.0367	Crop Science Discipline, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, Univ. of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa	Modi, A.T., Crop Science Discipline, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, Univ. of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa; Asanzi, N.M., Crop Science Discipline, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, Univ. of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa	Phytate is associated with antinutrient character in seeds; however, it has potential to contribute significantly to seed performance. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of P (10, 26, and 70 mg kg-1) and growth temperature (22/16, 27/21, and 33/27°C [day/night]) on seed performance in normal and quality protein maize (Zea mays L.). Seeds of normal and quality protein maize were harvested at three stages (15, 25, and 65 days after silking) of development. At each stage, germination capacity and vigor, Phytate-P concentration, and myo-inositol were determined. Normal maize displayed a significantly higher (P &lt; 0.001) phytate-P and inorganic P concentrations compared with quality protein maize, which was associated with significantly better (P &lt; 0.01) seed performance. Myo-inositol was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher in quality protein maize compared with normal maize. Phosphorus nutrition enhanced (P &lt; 0.01) seed performance of both genotypes. Increasing growth temperature caused greater accumulation of inorganic P, but it decreased myo-inositol. Seed germination and vigor increased when growth temperature was increased from 22/16 to 27/21°C, but they decreased in response to high temperatures (33/27°C). The results of this study indicate that P fertilizer enhances maize seed germination and vigor. High myo-inositol concentrations may be used to indicate poor phytate synthesis associated with poor seed performance. © Crop Science Society of America.	None	Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38849104411	Effect of indigenous storage method on performance of taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] under field conditions in a warm subtropical area	Modi A.T.	2007	South African Journal of Plant and Soil	24	4	None	Crop Science Discipline, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Modi, A.T., Crop Science Discipline, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Successful crop stand establishment, a critical prerequisite for efficient crop production, is primarily determined by propagule quality. Taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] corms of different sizes (80-100 g corm-1, 40-60 g corm-1 and 20-30 g corm-1) that had been stored in soil pits at different depths (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 cm) were compared for stand establishment, leaf area and yield during two seasons, under rainfed (upland) conditions. Propagule size and pre-planting storage depth increased both the number of plants reaching the third leaf stage and leaf area per plant one month after planting. The large propagules improved stand establishment and yield significantly (P&lt;0.01) better than the smaller propagules. For all propagule sizes, the optimum storage depth to enhance taro propagule performance for crop production was ∼ 40 cm. When the large propagules were compared with the smaller propagules at the optimum pre-planting storage depth, there was 10% to 30%, no difference and 5% to 35% improvement in leaf area, stand establishment and yield, respectively. This study confirmed the potential role of local knowledge in traditional agriculture, and the findings can be used to extend the planting season for dryland taro production in South Africa.	Propagules; Storage; Taro; Upland production	agricultural practice; crop plant; crop production; crop yield; farmers knowledge; leaf area; performance assessment; storage; subtropical region; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Colocasia esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45349108989	On-farm evaluation and consumer acceptability study of selected tetraploid Musa hybrid in Ghana	Dzomeku B.M., Armo-Annor F., Adjei-Gyan K., Ansah J., Nkakwa A., Darkey S.K.	2008	Journal of Plant Sciences	3	2	None	Crops Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; World Vision Ghana, Assin- Foso, Ghana; Bioversity International, Douala, Cameroon	Dzomeku, B.M., Crops Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Armo-Annor, F., World Vision Ghana, Assin- Foso, Ghana; Adjei-Gyan, K., World Vision Ghana, Assin- Foso, Ghana; Ansah, J., World Vision Ghana, Assin- Foso, Ghana; Nkakwa, A., Bioversity International, Douala, Cameroon; Darkey, S.K., Crops Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana	An agronomic study was conducted to evaluate three Musa hybrids (BITA-3 - cooking banana, FHIA-21 and CRBP-39- both hybrid plantains) with five hundred farmers in the two Assin districts in the Central region of Ghana. At harvest sensory evaluation was carried out on the three hybrids for use as fufu, ampesi and ripe fried plantain to access their acceptability at four locations in the two districts. The results showed that there was no significant difference (p<0.05) between the numbers of leaves at flowering among the hybrids across the locations. The hybrids showed superiority over the local check in terms of number of functional leaves from flowering to harvest. All the hybrids (FHIA-21, CRBP 39, BITA-3 and FHIA-25) exhibited stable performance in yield and growth characteristics across the locations. FHIA-25 was however late maturing (18-20 months) whereas BITA-3 was early maturing (10-12 months). Nevertheless, the bunch weight (40-50 kg) of FHIA-25 could be said to have compensated for the long crop cycle. Daughter sucker production by FHIA-25 was also low (two daughter suckers at flowering). BITA-3 was roboust and sturdy with pseudostem girth of 60 cm carrying an average bunch weight of 25 kg. All the hybrids were resistant to the black Sigatoka disease. These results suggested that the performance of the hybrids was not influenced by the seasons or locations. It implies that under good management practices, farmers would be assured of good yields irrespective of time or season of planting so long as there is adequate supply of moisture. The results of the sensory evaluation indicated that there were no significant differences (p<0.01) between FHIA-21 and CRBP-39 and the local Apantu across the location, across the parameters and the recipes assessed. FHIA-21 and CRBP-39 were the most prefened and compared favourably with the local triploids (Apantu and Apem) with BITA-3 the least preferred. The hybrids were accepted for ripe fried plantain at stages 3 and 4 of ripening. Beyond these stages of ripening, the hybrids could only be used for other processed food recipes. © 2008 Academic Journals Inc.	Agronomy; Musa hybrids; Sensory evaluation	Musa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548790817	Sensory evaluation of four FHIA tetraploid hybrids for Kaakle (a Local Dish) in Ghana	Dzomeku B.M., Darkey S.K., Bam R.K., Ankomah A.A.	2007	Journal of Plant Sciences	2	6	None	Crops Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana	Dzomeku, B.M., Crops Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Darkey, S.K., Crops Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Bam, R.K., Crops Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Ankomah, A.A., Crops Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana	The success of the introduction of any new Musa hybrid hinges on the acceptance of common dishes prepared from these hybrids by the local people. A study was conducted to assess the consumer acceptability of four FHIA hybrids (FHIA-21, FHIA-01, FHIA-03 and FHIA-25 for a popular food preparation called kaakle with local Apantu (local False Horn plantain) as control. Kaakle is prepared by blending the pulp of over-ripened pulp of plantain or banana fruits. The paste produced is mixed with 20% corn flour. Salt and spices are added to the composite paste produced to taste. The composite paste is then packaged and wrapped in green plantain leaves and boiled for 1 h. In some localities it is boiled for 1 h especially in the evening and left on fire overnight. It is eaten without sauce after peeling off the plantain leaves. An untrained panel reflecting the range of social class of consumers within the ethnic group was presented with coded samples of the food preparation. All the varieties were accepted for use in preparing kaakle with overall acceptance ranging from 70% (FHIA-25) to 100% (FHIA-21 and FHIA-01). The local Apantu and FHIA-21 were highly accepted compared to the other hybrids. In the processed form the tetraploid hybrids compare favourably with the triploids. There was a significant difference in the overall acceptance between cooking bananas (FHIA-25 and FHIA-03) and plantains (FHIA-21) and dessert banana (FHIA-01). This is not surprising since in the raw ripe state the cooking bananas have low sugar content. FHIA-25 in the raw ripe state lack the banana aroma associated with bananas. The results indicated that considering the food habit of the ethnic group, the new varieties that may be rejected in some localities may receive favourable responses from others. It is therefore relevant to allow various ethnic groups to evaluate new hybrids according to the food habits and if possible release these varieties as ecotypes. © 2007 Academic Journals Inc.	Cooking banana; Hybrid; Plantain; Sensory evaluation	Musa; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33947331379	Field evaluation of a novel pyrrolizidine alkaloid attracticide for the management of Zonocerus variegatus on cabbage	Timbilla J.A., Lawson B.W., Yeboah-Gyan K.	2007	Journal of Applied Sciences	7	4	None	Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Timbilla, J.A., Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Lawson, B.W., Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Yeboah-Gyan, K., Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Cabbage, Brassica oleraceae var. capitata is an important vegetable grown and consumed in Ghana. Apart from infestations of the lepidopterous Plutella xylostella and Hellula undalis resulting from continuous cultivation, a new pest Zonocerus variegatus has been reported to causing damage to the crop. The efficacy of a novel pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) based novel PA-attracticide developed from treating the roots of the neophyte, Chromolaena odorata which contains PAs with Carbofuran 3G for the management of Z. variegatus was tested using cabbage as a test crop in field caged plots. Field caged plots of cabbage artificially infested with Z. variegatus were treated with and without PA-attracticide in addition to a control treatment of caged cabbage plot with no insect and PA-attracticide. The experimental design was a RCB replicated three times in two ecological zones. The results showed that the establishment, leaf and head damage of cabbage was statistically the same in the PA-treated plots and the control treatment. These treatments, however, performed significantly better than the treatment without PA-attracticide. The results obtained holds promise for mitigating the menace of the grasshopper on cabbage using PA based attracticides. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Brassica oleracea; Chromolaena odorata; Hellula undalis; Plutella xylostella; Pyrrolizidine alkaloids; Zonocerus variegatus	Brassica oleracea; Chromolaena odorata; Hellula undalis; Plutella xylostella; Pyrrolizidine alkaloid; Zonocerus variegatus; Alkaloids; Crops; Nitrogen compounds; Metabolites	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857445009	Bisphenol A (BPA) in China: A review of sources, environmental levels, and potential human health impacts	Huang Y.Q., Wong C.K.C., Zheng J.S., Bouwman H., Barra R., Wahlström B., Neretin L., Wong M.H.	2012	Environment International	42	1	10.1016/j.envint.2011.04.010	Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; EULA - Chile Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile; Scientific and Technical Advisory Panel (STAP) Member, United Nations Environment Programme, Uppsala, Sweden; United Nations Environment Programme, Washington, DC, United States	Huang, Y.Q., Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Wong, C.K.C., Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Zheng, J.S., Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Bouwman, H., School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Barra, R., EULA - Chile Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile; Wahlström, B., Scientific and Technical Advisory Panel (STAP) Member, United Nations Environment Programme, Uppsala, Sweden; Neretin, L., United Nations Environment Programme, Washington, DC, United States; Wong, M.H., Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China	Bisphenol A (BPA), identified as an endocrine disruptor, is an industrially important chemical that is used as a raw material in the manufacture of many products such as engineering plastics (e.g., epoxy resins/polycarbonate plastics), food cans (i.e., lacquer coatings), and dental composites/sealants. The demand and production capacity of BPA in China have grown rapidly. This trend will lead to much more BPA contamination in the environmental media and in the general population in China. This paper reviews the current literature concerning the pollution status of BPA in China (the mainland, Hong Kong, and Taiwan) and its potential impact on human health. Due to potential human health risks from long-term exposure to BPA, body burden of the contaminant should be monitored. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	Bisphenol A; China; Endocrine-disruptor; Environmental exposure; Potential impact	Bisphenol A; China; Endocrine-disruptor; Environmental exposure; Potential impacts; Elastomers; Epoxy resins; 4,4' isopropylidenediphenol; endocrine disruptor; environmental fate; health impact; health risk; organic pollutant; pollutant source; pollution exposure; pollution monitoring; public health; air pollution; analytic method; article; chemical analysis; China; ecotoxicity; environmental exposure; environmental impact; environmental management; food contamination; health hazard; human; industry; nonhuman; occupational exposure; occupational hazard; pollution monitoring; priority journal; risk management; sediment; soil pollution; water pollution; Animals; China; Diet; Endocrine Disruptors; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Policy; Environmental Pollutants; Environmental Pollution; Food Analysis; Health Status; Humans; Phenols; Plastics; Polycarboxylate Cement; China	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69749116335	The performance profile of Dioscorea rotundata cultivar Dorban genotypes in Ghana using GGE biplot analysis	Otoo E., Asiedu R.	2009	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	7	1	None	Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; IITA, PMB 5320, Oyo Road, Oyo, Ibadan, Nigeria	Otoo, E., Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Asiedu, R., IITA, PMB 5320, Oyo Road, Oyo, Ibadan, Nigeria	Twenty-two genotypes of D. rotundata cultivar Dorban consisting of 19 botanically developed seeds and 3 vegetative checks were evaluated in 15 environments from 2000 to 2004 using CRD to assess the effect of genotype and genotype x environment interaction on the tuber yield of 22 white yam (D. rotundata L. cv. Dorban) genotypes via GGE (genotype plus genotype x environment) biplot methodology. The GGE biplot procedure was used to determine the yield potential and stability of the genotypes. Significant differences (p<0.001) were observed in all cultivars with respect to genotype, environment and genotype by environment interactions. Biplot analysis identified three mega-environments corresponding to the three agroecologies - Fumesua (Forest) was the most representative and discriminating environment followed by Bodwease (Coastal Savannah) and Wenchi (Forest-Savannah Transition). Genotypes Gdo02, Gdo03, Gdo20 and Gdo01 including the three checks were identified as superior. Genotype Gdo016 was the worst genotype.	D. Rotundata; Genotype x environment interaction; Genotypes	agroecosystem; article; cultivar; genotype; Ghana; yam; Dioscorea alata; Dioscorea rotundata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845422044	Cultivar evaluation and mega-environment investigation of Dioscorea cayenensis cultivars in Ghana based on the GGE biplot analysis	Otoo E., Asiedu R.	2006	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	4	04-Mar	None	Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, Oyo, Ibadan, Nigeria	Otoo, E., Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Asiedu, R., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, Oyo, Ibadan, Nigeria	Cultivar evaluation and mega-environment identification are the most important objectives of multi-environment trials (MET). The objective of this study was to assess the effect of genotype and genotype x environment interaction on the tuber yield of 18 yellow yam (D. cayenensis L.) genotypes via GGE (genotype plus genotype x environment) biplot methodology. Experiments were conducted using a completely randomized design (RCD) 4 years at 3 locations (12 environments). The biplot analysis identified three D. cayenensis mega-environments in Ghana. The first mega-environment contained Wenchi 2002 (WEN02) with G10 as the winning genotype; Genotype 16 won in the second mega-environment consisting of Wenchi 2004 (WEN04), Bodwease 2001 (BOD01), Bodwease (BOD02), Fumesua 2001 (FUM01), Wenchi 2003 (WEN03), Bodwease 2004 (BOD04) and Fumesua 2002 (FUM02) and the winning genotype at Fumesua 2003 (FUM03), Wenchi 2001 (WEN01), Bodwease 2003 (BOD03) and Fumesua 2004 (FUM04) (the third mega-environment) was Genotype 17. Two thirds of the tested genotypes were identified as redundant. Genotype 16 was the most stable and highest yielding genotype and Genotype 11 the poorest. Genotypes 16 and 17 were closest to the ideal genotype. FUM02 and BOD04 were closest to the ideal environment with BOD04 as the best and WEN02 the poorest environment.	Dioscorea cayenensis; GGE; Ghana; Yams	Dioscorea alata; Dioscorea cayenensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646353676	Sensory evaluation of some cooking bananas in Ghana	Dzomeku B.M., Osei-Owusu M., Ankomah A.A., Akyeampong E., Darkey S.K.	2006	Journal of Applied Sciences	6	4	10.3923/jas.2006.835.837	Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Women in Agricultural Development, Ministry Food and Agriculture, Kumasi, Ghana; International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain, P.O. Box BP 12438, Douala, Cameroon	Dzomeku, B.M., Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Osei-Owusu, M., Women in Agricultural Development, Ministry Food and Agriculture, Kumasi, Ghana; Ankomah, A.A., Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Akyeampong, E., International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain, P.O. Box BP 12438, Douala, Cameroon; Darkey, S.K., Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana	To assess consumer acceptability of the new cooking banana hybrids, a study was conducted to compare consumer preference for Saba, Yangambi KM 5, FHIA 25, FHIA 03, BITA 3 and Apantu (control) for chips, Kakro, Ofam, Ampesi and fried ripe plantain. A total of twenty trained male and female taste panelists were involved in the study. Panelists were presented with coded samples of five recipes prepared from the hybrid cooking bananas. Plantain chips are deep-fried thin slices of fruits. Fried plantains are thick slices of peeled ripe fiuits that are dipped into salted water and fried in vegetable oil. Ampesi is the local name for boiled green plantains. Kakro is made with blended over-ripe fruit of plantains mixed with corn flour (about 30%), powdered chilies, salt and other spices. The paste thus formed is molded into balls and fried in vegetable oil. Ofam is blended over-ripe fruits, mixed with powdered chilies, other spices, salt and palm oil and baked in an oven to form a cake. The results indicated that KM 5, BITA 3 and FHIA 25 were highly preferred when fried at stages 3 and 4 of ripening. Saba and FHIA 03 were also accepted though not as high as the other three accessions. All accessions were highly preferred when used as chips. BITA 3 was highly preferred for Ampesi whereas KM 5 and FHIA 25 were partially preferred as Ampesi. Saba and FHIA 03 were totally rejected. However when used for Ofam, all the varieties were highly preferred. Cooking bananas could be highly preferred by Ghanaian consumers when processed. The processing might have coated the banana characteristics of the varieties. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Cooking banana; Hybrid; Musa; Plantain; Sensory evaluation	Consumer acceptability; Consumer preferences; Corn flour; Hybrid; Musa; Plantain; Salted water; Sensory evaluation; Food products; Vegetable oils; Water quality; Fruits	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33748504355	Evaluation of four Musa hybrids in Ghana	Dzomeku B.M., Armo-Annor F., Adjei-Gwen K., Nkakwa A., Akyeampong E., Baning I.S.	2006	Tropical Science	46	3	10.1002/ts.174	Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; World Vision Ghana, Assin-Foso, Ghana; International Network for the Improvement of Bananas and Plantains, Douala, Cameroon	Dzomeku, B.M., Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Armo-Annor, F., World Vision Ghana, Assin-Foso, Ghana; Adjei-Gwen, K., World Vision Ghana, Assin-Foso, Ghana; Nkakwa, A., International Network for the Improvement of Bananas and Plantains, Douala, Cameroon; Akyeampong, E., International Network for the Improvement of Bananas and Plantains, Douala, Cameroon; Baning, I.S., Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana	In a survey of farmers' attitudes to four Musa hybrids, the majority (84%) considered them superior to the landraces in terms of plant establishment, plant growth, vigour and fruit yield. The hybrids had more green leaves at harvest, an added advantage as they provided shade for the young cocoa plants grown as an intercrop. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Banana; Farmers' attitudes; Hybrid; Musa; Plant performance; Plantain	Musa; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-64549099309	Nitrogen dynamics in land cleared of alien vegetation (Acacia Saligna) and impacts on groundwater at Riverlands nature reserve (Western Cape, South Africa)	Jovanovic N.Z., Israel S., Tredoux G., Soltau L., Le Maitre D., Rusinga F., Rozanov A., van der Merwe N.	2009	Water SA	35	1	None	CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 32, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Department of Soil Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Ninham Shand Consulting Service, PO Box 1347, Cape Town 8000, South Africa	Jovanovic, N.Z., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 32, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Israel, S., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 32, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Tredoux, G., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 32, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Soltau, L., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 32, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Le Maitre, D., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 32, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Rusinga, F., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 32, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa, Ninham Shand Consulting Service, PO Box 1347, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; Rozanov, A., Department of Soil Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; van der Merwe, N., Department of Soil Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Woody invading alien plants, many of which are nitrogen-fixing legumes (Fabaceae family), are currently cleared in South African catchments to reduce water loss and preserve streamflow, and for the restoration of the ecosystem. This study tested the hypothesis that clearing invasive alien vegetation may disturb the vegetation-micro-organism-soil N cycling system by producing a large once-off input of fresh tree litterfall rich in N and by eliminating a large N sink. Three experimental plots were established at the Riverlands Nature Reserve (Western Cape, South Africa): a site invaded by Acacia saligna to be used as control; a site cleared of Acacia saligna; and a site with natural vegetation to be used as background. Nitrogen concentrations in soil and groundwater, volumetric soil water contents, root density and weather conditions were measured during 2007. Oxidised forms of nitrogen, in particular NO3-, were dominant in the system. Recharge and leachate were simulated with the HYDRUS-2D model and used as inputs into Visual MODFLOW to predict the spatial distribution of nitrate plus nitrite (NOx) in groundwater. NOx levels in soil and groundwater were higher in alien-invaded areas compared to fynbos-covered land. A quick release of NOx into groundwater was observed due to high residual N reserves in the rooting zone, decreased evapotranspiration and increased recharge in the treatment cleared of alien vegetation. In the long run, high NOx concentrations in groundwater underlying cleared land will last only until all the excess nitrogen has been leached from the soil. A decrease in NOx concentration in groundwater can be expected thereafter. Clearing land of alien invasive legumes may therefore have a beneficial effect by reducing groundwater contamination from NOx and reducing water losses in catchments.	Acacia saligna; Forest clearing; Groundwater contamination; Nitrate leaching; Riverlands nature reserve	Acacia saligna; Forest clearing; Groundwater contamination; Nitrate leaching; Riverlands nature reserve; Catchments; Contamination; Evapotranspiration; Forestry; Groundwater; Groundwater pollution; Hydrogeology; Leaching; Nitrogen; Nitrogen fixation; Runoff; Size distribution; Soil moisture; Underground reservoirs; Underwater soils; Vegetation; Water supply; Water treatment; catchment; concentration (composition); evapotranspiration; forest clearance; groundwater flow; groundwater pollution; hydrogeochemistry; hydrological modeling; hypothesis testing; introduced species; leachate; leaching; legume; nitrogen cycle; nitrogen fixation; nitrogen oxides; pollution control; recharge; restoration ecology; soil nitrogen; soil water; streamflow; Forestry; Geology; Ground Water; Land; Leaching; Natural Resources; Nitrate Groups; Nitrogen; Pollution; Reserves; Rivers; Soil Analysis; Transpiration; Water Quality; Water Treatment; Africa; Riverlands Provincial Nature Reserve; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Western Cape; Acacia; Acacia saligna; Fabaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858078881	Metal sulphides from wastewater: Assessing the impact of supersaturation control strategies	Mokone T.P., van Hille R.P., Lewis A.E.	2012	Water Research	46	7	10.1016/j.watres.2012.01.027	Crystallization and Precipitation Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Mokone, T.P., Crystallization and Precipitation Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; van Hille, R.P., Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Lewis, A.E., Crystallization and Precipitation Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Metal sulphide precipitation forms an important component of acid mine drainage remediation systems based on bacterial sulphate reduction. However, the precipitation reaction is inherently driven by very high levels of supersaturation with the generation of small particles with poor solid-liquid separation characteristics. In this study, the effect of strategies used to manage supersaturation was investigated during copper and zinc sulphide precipitation reactions. Initial batch studies showed the origin of sulphide (biological or chemical) had no significant effect on the efficiency of zinc sulphide precipitation. For copper, low metal removal efficiency was obtained at metal to sulphide molar ratios below 1.6 in the synthetic sulphide system. This was improved in the biogenic sulphide system, due to the presence of residual volatile fatty acids, but the presence or absence of particulate organic matter had no effect on recovery. Subsequent studies, conducted using synthetic sulphide solutions in a seeded fluidised bed reactor with multiple reagent feed points (2FP and 6FP) and different recirculation flow rates (300 and 120 mL min -1) showed efficient zinc sulphide precipitation, but limited (&lt;10%) deposition on the seeds. Increasing the number of sulphide feed points (2-6) reduced precipitate loss as fines by approximately 10%. Zinc sulphide fines could be effectively recovered from suspension by settling under quiescent conditions. In the copper system, metal recovery was low (ca 40%) due to the formation of very small copper sulphide particles (mean particle size of ca 0.01 μm). Increasing the number of reagent feed points did not affect supersaturation to the extent of altering particle characteristics. The copper sulphide fines could not be recovered by settling, remaining in a stable colloidal suspension due to their highly charged surfaces (zeta potential -50 mV). The change in recirculation flow rate had a limited effect (ca 5% improvement) on process efficiency. The results show that the extremely high supersaturation prevalent during metal sulphide precipitation is difficult to control using conventional approaches and suggest that the seeded fluidised bed reactor is not suitable for this application. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	Acid mine drainage; Fluidised bed reactor; Metal sulphide precipitation; Particle characteristics; Precipitation; Solid-liquid separation; Supersaturation control; Wastewater remediation	Acid mine drainage; Fluidised bed; Particle characteristics; Solid-liquid separation; Supersaturation control; Wastewater remediation; Chemical reactors; Chemicals removal (water treatment); Copper; Flow rate; Metal recovery; Metals; Sulfur compounds; Supersaturation; Suspensions (fluids); Volatile fatty acids; Zeta potential; Zinc; Zinc sulfide; Precipitation (chemical); copper; metal; sulfide; volatile fatty acid; zinc sulfide; acid mine drainage; bacterium; colloid; copper; fatty acid; precipitation (chemistry); remediation; sulfate; sulfide; supersaturation; wastewater; water treatment; article; flow rate; fluidized bed reactor; heavy metal removal; particulate matter; precipitation; priority journal; waste water; Bacteria; Bioreactors; Chemical Precipitation; Copper; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Mining; Sulfides; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification; Zinc; Bacteria (microorganisms)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951976730	Evaluation of lead and mercury neurotoxic health risk by resident children in the Obuasi municipality, Ghana	Obiri S., Dodoo D.K., Armah F.A., Essumang D.K., Cobbina S.J.	2010	Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology	29	3	10.1016/j.etap.2010.01.001	CSIR - Water Research Institute, P.O. Box AH 38, Achimota Accra, Ghana; Centre for Environmental Impact Analysis, P.O. Box AD 738, Cape Coast, Ghana; Department of Environmental Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; CSIR - Water Research Institute, P.O. Box TL 695, Tamale, Ghana	Obiri, S., CSIR - Water Research Institute, P.O. Box AH 38, Achimota Accra, Ghana, Centre for Environmental Impact Analysis, P.O. Box AD 738, Cape Coast, Ghana; Dodoo, D.K., Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Armah, F.A., Centre for Environmental Impact Analysis, P.O. Box AD 738, Cape Coast, Ghana, Department of Environmental Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Essumang, D.K., Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Cobbina, S.J., CSIR - Water Research Institute, P.O. Box TL 695, Tamale, Ghana	This study assesses neurotoxic effects associated with exposure to lead and mercury in borehole, tap and surface water by resident children in the Obuasi municipality in accordance with USEPA risk assessment guidelines. From the results of the study, the hazard quotient for oral ingestion of mercury in tap water in Obuasi is 7.4 and 15 respectively via both central tendency exposure (CTE) and reasonable maximum exposure (RME) parameters, respectively. This means that approximately 7 and 15 (by both CTE and RME parameters, respectively) resident children in Obuasi are likely to show neurologic effects associated with exposure to mercury and lead such as increased nervousness, loss of memory and/or decrease in concentration, impaired writing ability and tremor. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.	Ghana; Hazard quotient; Lead; Mercury; Neurotoxicity; Obuasi municipality; Resident children	lead; mercury; surface water; tap water; amnesia; article; concentration loss; controlled study; disease association; environmental exposure; fluid intake; Ghana; health hazard; lead poisoning; mercurialism; nervousness; neurotoxicity; priority journal; quality control; risk assessment; tremor; water sampling; writing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-81055137582	Evaluation of maize cultivars for their susceptibility towards mycotoxigenic fungi under storage conditions	Dawlal P., Barros E., Marais G.J.	2012	Journal of Stored Products Research	48	None	10.1016/j.jspr.2011.10.006	CSIR Biosciences, PO Box 395, Pretoria, Gauteng 0001, South Africa; University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa	Dawlal, P., CSIR Biosciences, PO Box 395, Pretoria, Gauteng 0001, South Africa; Barros, E., CSIR Biosciences, PO Box 395, Pretoria, Gauteng 0001, South Africa; Marais, G.J., University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa	Maize cultivation comprises the largest area of farmland in South Africa and it is the largest food crop consumed by the majority of its population. However, this food crop is frequently associated with mycotoxin contamination. Mycotoxigenic fungi that are regularly found in South African maize were selected and evaluated against 49 commercially produced maize cultivars for their ability to infest maize during storage. Four of these fungi, known to contaminate maize in the field included Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium verticillioides, Phoma sorghina and Stenocarpella maydis. The other five species included storage fungi such as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Eurotium repens, Penicillium islandicum and Rhizopus oryzae. A unique method of inoculation was carried out where each maize cultivar was serially inoculated with each of the fungi. Results showed that four maize cultivars had a slower rate of infestation towards the field fungi while three cultivars had a slower rate of infestation towards the storage fungi. Only one of the maize cultivars, PAN 6146, showed an overall slower infestation rate for both field and storage fungi. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	Field fungi; Fungal resistance; Maize; Mycotoxigenic fungi; Storage fungi	Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus ochraceus; Eurotium; Eurotium repens; Fungi; Gibberella fujikuroi; Gibberella moniliformis; Gibberella zeae; Penicillium; Penicillium islandicum; Phoma sorghina; Rhizopus oryzae; Stenocarpella maydis; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958129745	Bubbles in South African house prices and their impact on consumption	Das S., Gupta R., Kanda P.T.	2011	Journal of Real Estate Literature	19	1	None	CSIR Built Environment, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Das, S., CSIR Built Environment, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Gupta, R., University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Kanda, P.T., CSIR Built Environment, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	This study tests for house price bubbles in the South African housing market using quarterly data from 1969:Q2 to 2009:Q3, based on the unit root test developed by Phillips, Wu, and Yu (2010). The findings indicate house price bubbles in the aggregate, large, medium, and small-middle segments, but not in the luxury and affordable segments. Next, symmetric and asymmetric versions of an Error Correction Model (ECM) are used to investigate the spillover effects from the housing sector onto consumption. Results indicate significant and asymmetric spillovers, with consumption responding significantly to house price deceleration, although there is no evidence of the effect being higher during the bubble period.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36248971166	The storm that rocks the boat: The systemic impact of gated communities on urban sustainability	Landman K.	2007	CyberGeo	2007	None	None	CSIR Built Environment, Pretoria, South Africa	Landman, K., CSIR Built Environment, Pretoria, South Africa	This paper is concerned with the impact and implications of gated communities on urban sustainability. This is investigated making use of an overarching methodological framework based on the internationally accepted Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) model, developed by the OECD. Additional to the simple causal flow from drivers to responses are the dynamic relationships between these five aspects. The paper discusses each of these issues and the relationships between them as they pertain to gated communities in South Africa. Gated communities, as complex systems, necessitate the consideration of a multiplicity of feedback loops with internal rates of flow that are determined by non-linear relationships. Only in this way can the full extent of their impact and implications on urban sustainability be assessed.	None	gated community; modeling; storm; sustainability; urban area; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646161233	Modelled surface ozone over southern Africa during the Cross Border Air Pollution Impact Assessment Project	Zunckel M., Koosailee A., Yarwood G., Maure G., Venjonoka K., van Tienhoven A.M., Otter L.	2006	Environmental Modelling and Software	21	7	10.1016/j.envsoft.2005.04.004	CSIR Environmentek, P.O. Box 17001, Congella 4013 Durban, South Africa; ENVIRON International Corporation, 101 Rowland Way, Novato, CA 94945, United States; Department of Physics, Eduardo Mondlane University, Box 257, Maputo, Mozambique; Ministry of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism, Private Bag BR132, Gaborone, Botswana; Climatology Research Group, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa; Sasol Synfuels, Private Bag X1000, Secunda, 2302, South Africa	Zunckel, M., CSIR Environmentek, P.O. Box 17001, Congella 4013 Durban, South Africa; Koosailee, A., CSIR Environmentek, P.O. Box 17001, Congella 4013 Durban, South Africa, Sasol Synfuels, Private Bag X1000, Secunda, 2302, South Africa; Yarwood, G., ENVIRON International Corporation, 101 Rowland Way, Novato, CA 94945, United States; Maure, G., Department of Physics, Eduardo Mondlane University, Box 257, Maputo, Mozambique; Venjonoka, K., Ministry of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism, Private Bag BR132, Gaborone, Botswana; van Tienhoven, A.M., CSIR Environmentek, P.O. Box 17001, Congella 4013 Durban, South Africa; Otter, L., Climatology Research Group, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa	Monitoring of surface ozone over southern Africa has shown that ambient concentrations often exceed a threshold of 40 ppb at which damage to vegetation by ozone could be expected. The Cross Border Air Pollution Assessment Project (CAPIA) was therefore established to assess the potential impacts of ozone on maize, a staple food crop, in five southern African countries. Measured surface ozone data are scare in the region so it was necessary to complement the monitoring with regional-scale photochemical modelling to achieve the objective. The Pennsylvania State and NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) is used to produce gridded meteorological data for 5 days in each month of the maize growing season, October to April, as input to the photochemical model, CAMx. Gridded anthropogenic emissions from industry, transport and domestic burning and gridded biogenic emissions from soils and vegetation are input to CAMx. The model estimations indicate large areas on the sub-continent where surface ozone concentrations exceed 40 ppb for up to 10 h per day. Maximum concentrations may exceed 80 ppb, particularly in the winter when mean ozone concentrations are higher. The areas where the 40 ppb threshold is exceeded coincide with maize growing areas in South Africa and Zimbabwe. It appears that neither anthropogenic emissions nor biogenic emissions are dominant in the production of surface ozone over southern Africa. Rather the formation of surface ozone over the region is attributed to the combined contribution of precursors from anthropogenic and biogenic origin. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Anthropogenic emissions; Biogenic emissions; Botswana; CAMx; CAPIA; Maize; MM5; Mozambique; Photochemical modelling; South Africa; Zambia; Zimbabwe	Condition monitoring; Environmental impact; Ozone; Project management; Regional planning; Vegetation; Anthropogenic emissions; Biogenic emissions; CAMx; Cross Border Air Pollution Assessment Project (CAPIA); MM5; Photochemical modeling; Air pollution; anthropogenic effect; atmospheric pollution; biogenic emission; maize; Meteosat; ozone; Africa; Botswana; Mozambique; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-30144444012	Preliminary assessment of risk of ozone impacts to maize (Zea mays) in southern Africa	Van Tienhoven A.M., Zunckel M., Emberson L., Koosailee A., Otter L.	2006	Environmental Pollution	140	2	10.1016/j.envpol.2005.07.016	CSIR Environmentek, PO Box 17001, Congella 4013, Durban, South Africa; Stockholm Environment Institute at York, University of York, Box 373, York, T01 5YW, United Kingdom; Sasol Synfuels, Private Bag X1000, Secunda 2302, South Africa; Climatology Research Group, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, WITS 2050, South Africa	Van Tienhoven, A.M., CSIR Environmentek, PO Box 17001, Congella 4013, Durban, South Africa; Zunckel, M., CSIR Environmentek, PO Box 17001, Congella 4013, Durban, South Africa; Emberson, L., Stockholm Environment Institute at York, University of York, Box 373, York, T01 5YW, United Kingdom; Koosailee, A., Sasol Synfuels, Private Bag X1000, Secunda 2302, South Africa; Otter, L., Climatology Research Group, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, WITS 2050, South Africa	Surface ozone concentrations in southern Africa exceed air quality guidelines set to protect agricultural crops. This paper addresses a knowledge gap by performing a preliminary assessment of potential ozone impacts on vegetation in southern African. Maize (Zea mays L.) is the receptor of interest in the main maize producing countries, i.e. South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Surface ozone concentrations are estimated for the growing season (October to April) using photochemical modelling. Hourly mean modelled ozone concentrations ranged between 19.7 and 31.2 ppb, while maximums range between 28.9 and 61.9 ppb, and are near 30 ppb over South Africa and Zambia, while in Zimbabwe, they exceed 40 ppb and translate into monthly AOT40 values of over 3000 ppb h in five of the seven months of the growing season. This study suggests that surface ozone may pose a threat to agricultural production in southern African, particularly in Zimbabwe. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	AOT40; Crop loss; Ground level ozone; Maize; Southern Africa	Agricultural products; Air quality; Ozone; Space surveillance; Vegetation; AOT40; Crop loss; Ground level ozone; Maize; Southern Africa; Air pollution; ozone; air quality; maize; ozone; air pollutant; air quality; article; chemical model; crop production; environmental impact; environmental monitoring; maize; nonhuman; ozone layer; photochemistry; plant growth; risk assessment; seasonal variation; South Africa; vegetation; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Circadian Rhythm; Environmental Monitoring; Models, Chemical; Oxidants, Photochemical; Ozone; Risk Assessment; Seasons; South Africa; Zambia; Zea mays; Zimbabwe; Ozone; Plants; Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952050678	Hydroentanglement nonwoven filters for air filtration and its performance evaluation	Patanaik A., Anandjiwala R.D.	2010	Journal of Applied Polymer Science	117	3	10.1002/app.30561	CSIR Materials Science and Manufacturing, Fibres and Textiles Competence Area, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa; Department of Textile Science, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	Patanaik, A., CSIR Materials Science and Manufacturing, Fibres and Textiles Competence Area, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa; Anandjiwala, R.D., CSIR Materials Science and Manufacturing, Fibres and Textiles Competence Area, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa, Department of Textile Science, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	New nonwoven filters are developed for air filtration application with the help of hydroentanglement bonding technique. Different types of nonwoven filters are produced by varying the hydroentanglement processing parameters. The changes in nonwoven filter properties after prolonged exposure to working conditions under cyclic compression play an important role in its long-term performance characteristics. The performance of the developed filters are evaluated in terms of changes in pore characteristics, filtration parameters, and strength after cyclic compression and compared with the corresponding values before subjecting it to cyclic compression. The developed filter shows good performance characteristics for air filtration with low pressure drop and high efficiency in capturing micron and submicron size particles without any significant changes in its strength. Theoretical understanding of the fluid flow emerging from the nozzles during the hydroentanglement process is simulated by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Based on the fluid drag force and impact force of the water jets, a mechanism of fiber bonding is proposed. The impact force of the water jets and fluid drag forces plays an important role in the mechanism of fiber bonding. Nozzle condition also plays an important role in economizing this process. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	Compression; Fibers; Orientation; Simulations	Air filtration; Bonding techniques; Compression; Cyclic compression; Fiber bonding; Fluid drag force; Fluid flow; High efficiency; Hydroentanglement; Impact force; Long term performance; Low pressure drop; Nonwoven filter; Performance characteristics; Performance evaluation; Pore characteristics; Processing parameters; Sub-micron size particles; Water jets; Working conditions; Bonding; Computational fluid dynamics; Drag; Fibers; Fluids; Gas dynamics; Jets; Nonwoven fabrics; Nozzles; Weaving; Air filters; bonding; compression; filter; filtration; fluid flow; force; hydroentangling; impact; nonwoven fabric; nozzle; particle size; performance assessment; water jet	None
None	None	The measurement of wool fibre properties and their effect on worsted processing performance and product quality. Part 1: The objective measurement of wool fibre properties	Botha A.F., Hunter L.	2010	Textile Progress	42	4	10.1080/00405167.2010.486932	CSIR Materials Science and Manufacturing, Fibres and Textiles Industrial Support Centre, PO Box 1124, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa; Department of Textile Science, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	Botha, A.F., CSIR Materials Science and Manufacturing, Fibres and Textiles Industrial Support Centre, PO Box 1124, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa; Hunter, L., CSIR Materials Science and Manufacturing, Fibres and Textiles Industrial Support Centre, PO Box 1124, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa, Department of Textile Science, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	The world has moved away from subjective appraisal of raw wool characteristics and has entered an era of objective measurement and specification, and the raw wool trade is rapidly moving towards sale by total description which necessitates the accurate, rapid and cost effective measurement of all the raw wool characteristics important in determining price, textile performance and end-use. The development and availability of new technologies and equipment have enabled the objective measurement of many more raw wool characteristics than was possible in the past. Over the past few decades, a considerable amount of research has been carried out worldwide on the effect of the raw wool characteristics on topmaking and spinning performance, as well as on yarn properties. This was done in order to gain a better understanding of, and to quantify, the effects of fibre and processing parameters on processing behaviour and performance and on the properties of the top and yarn and even the fabric. An important aim of the research was to improve the processing of wool and the productivity and cost effectiveness of the various processing stages. This research led to a better understanding of which raw wool characteristics influence textile processing behaviour and performance, as well as the product quality and end-use performance, and ultimately the raw wool price. On the basis of this, technologies and instruments were developed and commercialised for measuring the key raw wool characteristics rapidly, accurately and cost effectively. In parallel to this, the associated test methods were developed and standardised largely under the umbrella of the IWTO, many of these being adopted and used in raw wool marketing and trading worldwide. This review covers the research and development carried out over more than half a century on the development and standardisation of technologies, instruments and test methods for the measurement of those characteristics determining the price and textile quality of raw wool and which are therefore important in terms of the global marketing and trading of raw wool. Research and development in this field is still continuing, but at a much lower intensity and pace than during the second half of the previous century. © 2010 The Textile Institute.	coarse edge; coloured fibres; dark fibres; fibre crimp; fibre curvature; fibre diameter; fibre length; Hauteur; medullated fibres; pigmented fibres; raw wool properties; resistance to compression; staple crimp; staple length; staple strength; vegetable ma	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-48249131232	Contributing to sustainability as an environmental impact assessment practitioner	Weaver A., Pope J., Morrison-Saunders A., Lochner P.	2008	Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal	26	2	10.3152/146155108X316423	CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 320, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Integral Sustainability, PO Box 79, South Fremantle, WA 6162, Australia; School of Enviromental Science, Murdoch University, South St., Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia	Weaver, A., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 320, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Pope, J., Integral Sustainability, PO Box 79, South Fremantle, WA 6162, Australia; Morrison-Saunders, A., School of Enviromental Science, Murdoch University, South St., Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Lochner, P., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 320, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa	Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is the pre-eminent regulatory tool used worldwide in the name of sustainable development. Whilst it may not be perfect for this purpose, and recognising that project-based EIA has been soundly criticised for its perceived failings, it remains the preferred and most widely used tool for project-level assessment and the key (if not only) sustainable development-oriented tool in many countries. Drawing on examples and experience from Southern Africa and Australia, we urge practitioners to raise the bar on day-to-day EIA activities that will push the vectors of sustainability. We can all achieve positive gains for the environmental, social and economic parameters of development proposals through informed professionalism and the pursuit of best practice. Given that EIA is well enshrined in legislation worldwide, it is our responsibility as practitioners to use this important tool to maximise opportunities for sustainability. © IAIA 2008.	Australia; Best practice; Environmental impact assessment; Southern Africa; Sustainability; Sustainable development	best management practice; environmental impact assessment; environmental legislation; project assessment; sustainability; sustainable development; Africa; Australasia; Australia; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548647421	The effect of coarse edge on wool spinning performance and yarn properties	Botha A.F., Hunter L.	2007	South African Journal of Science	103	42433	None	CSIR Materials Science and Manufacturing, P.O. Box 1124, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa; Department of Textile Science, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa	Botha, A.F., CSIR Materials Science and Manufacturing, P.O. Box 1124, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa; Hunter, L., Department of Textile Science, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa	The interrelationship of natural fibre, yarn and fabric properties is both important and complex, and has attracted considerable research. An area which has received little attention is that concerning the effect of fibre diameter distribution, notably of relatively coarse fibres, on processing behaviour and yarn and fabric properties, except for their well-known effect on handle and prickle (scratchiness). Prickle is an unpleasant sensation sometimes experienced with garments worn next to the skin. The effect of fibre diameter distribution, of coarse fibres (or coarse edge, CE) in particular, on spinning performance and yarn properties, was investigated for 400 different wools. Multiple regression analyses were carried out to quantify the relationships between all the main fibre properties, including CE, on the one hand, and the spinning performance and yarn properties on the other hand. We found that CE had no significant effect on spinning performance and yarn properties, except for yarn neps and yarn hairiness. These findings are important for sheep breeding practices as well as for selecting the most appropriate wools when yarn of a specified quality is to be processed, because attention needs be paid only to fibre diameter, not to coarse edge.	None	regression analysis; research work; sheep; wool; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870548482	Fungi solubilisation of low rank coal: Performances of stirred tank, fluidised bed and packed bed reactors	Oboirien B.O., Ojumu T.V., Obayopo S.O.	2013	Fuel Processing Technology	106	None	10.1016/j.fuproc.2012.08.011	CSIR Materials Science and Manufacturing, PO Box, 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Department of Chemical Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Oboirien, B.O., CSIR Materials Science and Manufacturing, PO Box, 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Ojumu, T.V., Department of Chemical Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; Obayopo, S.O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Coal biosolubilisation was investigated in stirred tank reactor, fluidised bed and fixed bed bioreactors with a view to highlight the advantages and shortcomings of each of these reactor configurations. The stirred aerated bioreactor and fluidised bioreactor represent slurry reactor systems enabling a comparative study. Direct comparison between these and the fixed bed bioreactor could not be carried as the corresponding particle sizes will result to a pressure drop in the fixed bed reactor. Coal solubilisation showed a higher coal weight loss in the stirred tank slurry bioreactor in comparison to the fluidised bed slurry bioreactor at 5% (w/v) coal loading and 600-850 μm coal fractions. Higher aeration is required in the fluidised bed bioreactor than in the stirred tank slurry bioreactor at constant coal loading and particle size because in fluidised bed bioreactor aeration was also used for mixing. Coal biosolubilisation in the packed bed bioreactor was minimal. The low performance was attributed to the large coal particle size fraction (1.5-2 mm) used. Minimal damage to the fungal culture was observed. However, clogging of bed by fungi resulted in channelling or misdistribution that ultimately leads to poor and unpredictable internal mass transport. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Fluidised bed and fixed bed reactor; Fungal solubilisation; Low rank coal; Stirred tank reactor	Coal fractions; Coal particle size; Comparative studies; Fixed bed reactor; Fixed-bed bioreactor; Fluidised bed; Fungal culture; Low rank coals; Minimal damage; Packed bed reactor; Packed-bed bioreactors; Reactor configuration; Slurry bioreactors; Slurry reactor; Solubilisation; Stirred Tank; Stirred tank reactors; Weight loss; Bioconversion; Bioreactors; Fluidization; Fluidized beds; Fungi; Packed beds; Particle size; Solubility; Tanks (containers); Coal	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77949314653	Performance evaluation of electrospun nanofibrous membrane	Patanaik A., Jacobs V., Anandjiwala R.D.	2010	Journal of Membrane Science	352	42371	10.1016/j.memsci.2010.02.009	CSIR Materials Science and Manufacturing, Polymers and Composites Competence Area, Nonwovens and Composites Group, Gomery Avenue, Summerstrand, Port Elizabeth, 6000, South Africa; Department of Textile Science, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa	Patanaik, A., CSIR Materials Science and Manufacturing, Polymers and Composites Competence Area, Nonwovens and Composites Group, Gomery Avenue, Summerstrand, Port Elizabeth, 6000, South Africa; Jacobs, V., CSIR Materials Science and Manufacturing, Polymers and Composites Competence Area, Nonwovens and Composites Group, Gomery Avenue, Summerstrand, Port Elizabeth, 6000, South Africa, Department of Textile Science, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa; Anandjiwala, R.D., CSIR Materials Science and Manufacturing, Polymers and Composites Competence Area, Nonwovens and Composites Group, Gomery Avenue, Summerstrand, Port Elizabeth, 6000, South Africa, Department of Textile Science, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa	This paper reports the development of electrospun nanofibrous membranes for air filtration application. Different types of polyethylene oxide (PEO) nanofibrous membranes were prepared by varying the solution parameter, then depositing it over a nonwoven substrate. Composite filter media were developed by sandwiching the previous media with another nonwoven. The structural and physical characteristics of the membranes and media were measured and correlated with the performance characteristics. The changes in membranes and media properties after prolonged exposure to working condition under cyclic compression play an important role in their long term performance characteristics. It was evaluated in terms of changes in pore characteristics and filtration parameters and compared with the values before cyclic compression. With increasing solution concentration, nanofiber diameter increases and nanofibers are more uniform. Increased filtration efficiency and decreased pressure drop were observed with increasing nanofiber diameter. Increase in pore sizes after cyclic compression was observed for the membranes deposited over nonwoven, whereas no such changes were observed for the composite media. Decreased filtration efficiency and increased pressure drop were observed after cyclic compression for the membranes deposited over nonwoven, whereas changes were not significant in composite media. Composite media shows good performance for long term application. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Electrospinning; Filter media; Membrane; Nanofibers; Pore size	Air filtration; Composite filter; Composite media; Cyclic compression; Electrospuns; Filter media; Filtration efficiency; Long term; Long term performance; Media properties; Nanofibrous membranes; Non-woven; Non-woven substrates; Performance characteristics; Performance evaluation; Physical characteristics; Pore characteristics; Solution concentration; Solution parameters; Working conditions; Composite membranes; Electrospinning; Filters (for fluids); Nanofibers; Nonwoven fabrics; Polyethylene glycols; Polyethylene oxides; Pore size; Pressure drop; Weaving; Microfiltration; macrogol; nanofiber; analytic method; article; biofiltration; chemical composition; chemical structure; composite material; compression; concentration (parameters); electrospinning; membrane formation; membrane permeability; nanopore; performance measurement system; physical chemistry; priority journal	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-24144474579	Measuring the impact of HIV and STIs in a community in a coal mining town, Mpumalanga, South Africa	Hurkchand H., Makuluma H., Molefe N., Molapo M.	2005	Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy	105	6	None	CSIR Mining Technology, South Africa	Hurkchand, H., CSIR Mining Technology, South Africa; Makuluma, H., CSIR Mining Technology, South Africa; Molefe, N., CSIR Mining Technology, South Africa; Molapo, M., CSIR Mining Technology, South Africa	Background: A cross-sectional study was conducted in November 2001 to establish the prevalence rates of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoea) in a coalmining town in Mpumalanga. Methods: 155 adults were recruited (79 males and 76 females), by holding community meetings, and by door-to-door recruitment. Saliva and urine specimens were collected for the analysis of HIV and STI prevalence, respectively. Results: The mean age for males was 31.35 years (min = 19 yrs and max = 50 yrs) and the mean age of the female participants was 31.90 years (min = 17 yrs, max = 49 yrs). The prevalence of HIV was found to be 22.78% [95% CI (14.09-33.59)] in the males vs. 47.37% [95% CI (35.79-55.16)] in the females, [p = 0.001, OR = 3.05, 95%CI (1.49-6.26)]. The prevalence of C trachomatis was 7.90% [95% CI (2.95-16.39)] in the males vs. 12.86% [95% CI (6.05-23.00)] in the females, p = 0.324. The prevalence of N. gonorrhoea was 3.79% [95% CI (0.79-1.08)] in the males vs. 9.86% [95% CI (4.06-19.26)] in the females, p = 0.137. HIV was significantly associated with C. trachomatis, [p = 0.032, OR = 3.18, 95% CI (1.04-9.72)], but was not significant when stratified by gender. HIV was not significantly associated with N.gonorrhoea (p = 0.072) but it was significantly associated when stratified by gender, p = 0.001 for females. There were no significant associations between HIV and age (p = 0.408), even upon stratification by gender. Conclusions: HIV prevalence in this community is high, and corresponds to national figures. However, the prevalence of STIs is surprisingly low as it would be expected to be high in a migrant population. Although communities are exposed to expanding peer-education activities that encourage behaviour change, the prevalence of HIV in this group. There is an urgent need for interventions designed to treat or prevent HIV infection in women generally and in women at high risk. © The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2005.	Antenatal; HIV prevalence; Mining; STI prevalence	Antenatal; HIV prevalance; STI prevalance; Disease control; Population statistics; Social aspects; Viruses; Coal mines	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-50849125397	Biological and chemical evaluation of sewage water pollution in the Rietvlei nature reserve wetland area, South Africa	Oberholster P.J., Botha A.-M., Cloete T.E.	2008	Environmental Pollution	156	1	10.1016/j.envpol.2007.12.028	CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Hillcrest, Pretoria ZA002, South Africa; Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Hillcrest, Pretoria ZA002, South Africa	Oberholster, P.J., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Botha, A.-M., Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Hillcrest, Pretoria ZA002, South Africa; Cloete, T.E., Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Hillcrest, Pretoria ZA002, South Africa	Macroinvertebrate communities in Rietvlei nature reserve wetland area and their relationship with water quality were studied with the aim to evaluate their use as potential indicators of pollution. Sampling locations were selected to include outlets from swage effluent, agricultural and informal residential runoff. A large increase in nutrient concentrations was observed downstream from discharged treated sewage with an associated decrease in species richness. Bioassays performed included: Daphnia magna, Hydra attenuate, Lactuca sativa, Allium cepa and Pyxicephalus adspersus. The highest percentage of lethality response to a screen (100% concentration) of sampled wetland water by test specimens were observed at the point source input of the Hartbeespoort treated sewage plant. Data generated from the AUSRIVAS method and multitrophic level bioassays revealed the deterioration of the wetland possibly due to factors such as increasing urbanization, industrialization, agriculture runoff and rapid human settlement in the Hennops River catchment area and its principal tributaries. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	AUSRIVAS; Multitrophic level bioassay; Peat bog; Treated sewage discharge	Agricultural runoff; Automation; Catchments; Concentration (process); Effluents; Oil spills; Pollution; Reusability; River pollution; Rivers; Sewage; Water quality; Wetlands; Allium cepa; AUSRIVAS; Chemical evaluation; Daphnia magna; Lactuca sativa; Macroinvertebrate communities; Multitrophic level; Multitrophic level bioassay; Nutrient concentrations; Peat bog; Point sources; Potential indicators; River catchments; Sampling locations; Sewage waters; South Africa; Species richness; Test specimens; Treated sewage discharge; Wetland area; Water pollution; runoff; agricultural runoff; bioassay; biological analysis; catchment; chemical analysis; community response; industrialization; macroinvertebrate; nutrient; peatland; sewage; sewage treatment; species richness; tributary; urbanization; water pollution; water quality; wetland; agriculture; analytic method; article; AUSRIVAS method; Australia; bioassay; catchment; chemical analysis; coelenterate; concentration response; Daphnia; deterioration; Hydra attenuate; industrialization; lettuce; macroinvertebrate; nonhuman; nutrient concentration; onion; Pyxicephalus adspersus; river ecosystem; sewage effluent; source point; South Africa; species richness; urbanization; water pollution; water quality; wetland; Biological Assay; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring; Eutrophication; Fresh Water; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Sewage; South Africa; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Pollution; Wetlands; Africa; Gauteng; Rietvlei Nature Reserve; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Allium cepa; Daphnia magna; Hydra; Lactuca sativa; Pyxicephalus adspersus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-46349102782	Management of environmental impacts from coal mining in the upper olifants river catchment as a function of age and scale	Hobbs P., Oelofse S.H.H., Rascher J.	2008	International Journal of Water Resources Development	24	3	10.1080/07900620802127366	CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, Pretoria, South Africa	Hobbs, P., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, Pretoria, South Africa; Oelofse, S.H.H., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, Pretoria, South Africa; Rascher, J., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, Pretoria, South Africa	Effective water resource governance in a water scarce environment such as South Africa is a strategic issue in national sustainable development priorities. Acid mine drainage (AMD) is one of the largest liabilities of the mining industry due to its inherent threat to water resources, human health and the environment. Against the background of evolving water governance in South Africa, three examples are explored to reflect the management of AMD in the upper Olifants River catchment. The Brugspruit Water Pollution Control Works shows the scale of historic liabilities faced by the state, as well as the challenge of effectively addressing AMD within a resource-poor environment. The Controlled Discharge Scheme takes advantage of the natural assimilative capacity of the upper Olifants River system during high flow conditions to effect the controlled discharge of AMD. The Emalahleni Water Reclamation Plant exemplifies the successful initiative by large and well-resourced mining houses to achieve engineered sustainable mine water management.	None	Agricultural engineering; Catchments; Crushed stone plants; Discharge (fluid mechanics); Drainage; Environmental engineering; Environmental impact; Environmental protection; Fluid mechanics; Groundwater; Health risks; Management; Mining; Mining engineering; Offshore oil well production; Oil spills; Planning; Plant management; Pollution; Rivers; Runoff; Strategic planning; Wastewater reclamation; Wastewater treatment; Water management; Water pollution; Acid-mine drainage (AMD); Assimilative capacity; Coal-mining; High flow conditions; Human health; Mine water (MW); mining industries; river catchments; river systems; South Africa (SA); TO effect; Water governance; Water reclamation plant (WRP); Water scarce; Water pollution control; acid mine drainage; catchment; coal mining; environmental impact; mining industry; river management; river system; sustainable development; water planning; Africa; Olifants River; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-40849127058	The impact of agricultural runoff on the quality of two streams in vegetable farm areas in Ghana	Ntow W.J., Drechsel P., Botwe B.O., Kelderman P., Gijzen H.J.	2008	Journal of Environmental Quality	37	2	10.2134/jeq2007.0136	CSIR Water Research Inst., P.O.Box AH 38, Achimota, Ghana; West Africa Office, International Water Management Inst., Accra, Ghana; Univ. of Ghana, Chemistry Dep., Legon, Ghana; UNESCO-IHE Inst. for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, Netherlands; UNESCO Jakarta Office, Regional Bureau for Science for Asia and Pacific, JI. Galuh II, Kebayoran Baru, Jakarta 12110, Indonesia	Ntow, W.J., CSIR Water Research Inst., P.O.Box AH 38, Achimota, Ghana; Drechsel, P., West Africa Office, International Water Management Inst., Accra, Ghana; Botwe, B.O., Univ. of Ghana, Chemistry Dep., Legon, Ghana; Kelderman, P., UNESCO-IHE Inst. for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, Netherlands; Gijzen, H.J., UNESCO Jakarta Office, Regional Bureau for Science for Asia and Pacific, JI. Galuh II, Kebayoran Baru, Jakarta 12110, Indonesia	A study of two small streams at Akumadan and Tono, Ghana, was undertaken during the rain and dry season periods between February 2005 and January 2006 to investigate the impact of vegetable field runoff on their quality. In each stream we compared the concentration of current-use pesticides in one site immediately upstream of a vegetable field with a second site immediately downstream. Only trace concentrations of endosulfan and chlorpyrifos were detected at both sites in both streams in the dry season. In the wet season, rain-induced runoff transported pesticides into downstream stretches of the streams. Average peak levels in the streams themselves were 0.07 μg L -1 endosulfan, 0-02 μg L-1 chlorpyrifos (the Akumadan stream); 0.04 μg L-1 endosulfan, 0.02 μg L-1 chlorpyrifos (the Tono stream). Respective average pesticide levels associated with streambed sediment were 1.34 and 0.32 μg kg-1 (the Akumadan stream), and 0.92 and 0.84 μg kg-1 (the Tono stream). Further investigations are needed to establish the potential endosulfan and chlorpyrifos effects on aquatic invertebrate and fish in these streams. Meanwhile measures should be undertaken to reduce the input of these chemicals via runoff. Copyright © 2008 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.	None	Animals; Pesticides; Stream flow; Water quality; Chlorpyrifos; Endosulfan; Streambed sediments; Vegetable field runoff; Agricultural runoff; chlorpyrifos; endosulfan; environmental chemical; pesticide; agricultural land; aquatic environment; article; chemical environment; concentration (parameters); crop production; environmental impact; fish; Ghana; invertebrate; nonhuman; rural area; seasonal variation; sediment; stream (river); vegetable; water contamination; water pollution; water quality; Agriculture; Chlorpyrifos; Endosulfan; Environmental Monitoring; Geologic Sediments; Ghana; Insecticides; Rivers; Seasons; Vegetables; Water Movements; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Invertebrata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877578447	Impact of climate change on streamflow in selected river basins in Ghana [Impact du changement climatique sur les débits de plusieurs bassins au Ghana]	Kankam-Yeboah K., Obuobie E., Amisigo B., Opoku-Ankomah Y.	2013	Hydrological Sciences Journal	58	4	10.1080/02626667.2013.782101	CSIR Water Research Institute, PO Box AH 38, Achimota, Ghana	Kankam-Yeboah, K., CSIR Water Research Institute, PO Box AH 38, Achimota, Ghana; Obuobie, E., CSIR Water Research Institute, PO Box AH 38, Achimota, Ghana; Amisigo, B., CSIR Water Research Institute, PO Box AH 38, Achimota, Ghana; Opoku-Ankomah, Y., CSIR Water Research Institute, PO Box AH 38, Achimota, Ghana	This study uses the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and downscaled climate projections from the ensemble of two global climate models (ECHAM4 and CSIRO) forced by the A1FI greenhouse-gas scenario to estimate the impact of climate change on streamflow in the White Volta and Pra river basins, Ghana. The SWAT model was calibrated for the two basins and subsequently driven by downscaled future climate projections to estimate the streamflow for the 2020s (2006-2035) and 2050s (2036-2075). Relative to the baseline, the mean annual streamflow estimated for the White Volta basin for the 2020s and 2050s showed a decrease of 22 and 50%, respectively. Similarly, the estimated streamflow for the 2020s and 2050s for the Pra basin showed a decrease of 22 and 46%, respectively. These results underscore the need to put in place appropriate adaptation measures to foster resilience to climate change in order to enhance water security within the two basins. © 2013 Copyright 2013 IAHS Press.	climate change; Ghana; hydrological modelling; LARS-WG; Pra basin; SWAT; White Volta basin	Ghana; Hydrological modelling; LARS-WG; Pra basin; SWAT; Volta basin; Stream flow; Watersheds; Climate change; climate change; climate effect; climate modeling; global climate; hydrological modeling; river basin; streamflow; Ghana; Pra Basin; Volta Basin	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247632601	Characterising borehole radio antenna performance using finite-difference time-domain modelling	Vogt D., Marvin A.	2006	South African Journal of Geology	109	4	10.2113/gssajg.109.4.561	CSIR, Division of Mining Technology, PO Box 91230, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Department of Electronics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom	Vogt, D., CSIR, Division of Mining Technology, PO Box 91230, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Marvin, A., Department of Electronics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom	Radio Tomography (RT) has proven itself as an imaging tool for base metal orebody delineation. To date, theoretical considerations of the imaging technique and inversion algorithms have concentrated on the propagation of energy from the transmit antenna to the receive antenna, while ignoring the antennas themselves. The Finite-Difference Time-Domain technique for modelling antennas has been extended to efficiently model antennas embedded in arbitrary media such as rock. The model is set up with body-of-rotation symmetry to produce models that have three dimensional accuracy, while only having two dimensional computational cost. Wire dipole antennas are efficiently modelled by the addition of a subcell extension for a thin wire coated with a thin layer of insulation. The extended code is used, both to aid in the design of an improved antenna, and to investigate how the performance of the antenna affects the imaging of RT data in particular circumstances. A completely insulated antenna is preferred because its performance is more independent of the surrounding rock. The numerical model aids in the design of an improved antenna, with the optimum combination of performance features in a physically realizable antenna. If the electronics package is placed at the end of the dipole, the electronics package can be housed in a bare metal pressure casing without significantly affecting antenna performance as a function of rock type. The model also shows how the use of RT can be influenced by the geometry of the system and particularly by the use of conductors to suspend the RT antenna: wire cable support is not recommended until full waveform inversion techniques can take into account the presence of the wire. Antenna arrays appear to be viable, but if antennas without insulation are used, the spacing between the antennas should be at least as great as the length of each antenna. © 2006 December Geological Society of South Africa.	None	accuracy assessment; algorithm; antenna; finite difference method; inverse problem; performance assessment; radio wave; three-dimensional modeling; time domain reflectometry; waveform analysis	None
None	None	Evaluation of essential oils as seed treatment for the control of xanthomonas spp. associated with the bacterial leaf spot of tomato in Tanzania	Mbega E.R., Mabagala R.B., Mortensen C.N., Wulff E.G.	2012	Journal of Plant Pathology	94	2	None	Danish Seed Health Centre for Developing Countries, Department of Agriculture and Ecology, University of Copenhagen, Hoejbakkegaard, Allé 13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark; African Seed Health Centre, Department of Crop Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O.BOX 3005, Morogoro, Tanzania	Mbega, E.R., Danish Seed Health Centre for Developing Countries, Department of Agriculture and Ecology, University of Copenhagen, Hoejbakkegaard, Allé 13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark, African Seed Health Centre, Department of Crop Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O.BOX 3005, Morogoro, Tanzania; Mabagala, R.B., African Seed Health Centre, Department of Crop Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O.BOX 3005, Morogoro, Tanzania; Mortensen, C.N., Danish Seed Health Centre for Developing Countries, Department of Agriculture and Ecology, University of Copenhagen, Hoejbakkegaard, Allé 13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark; Wulff, E.G., Danish Seed Health Centre for Developing Countries, Department of Agriculture and Ecology, University of Copenhagen, Hoejbakkegaard, Allé 13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark	Bacterial leaf spot (BLS) caused by Xanthomonas spp. is a serious and a major constraint to tomato production worldwide. The seed-borne nature of BLS, the complex nature of the disease, which is caused by different bacterial species and the current ineffective control measures have made the evaluation of alternative control compounds for seed treatment necessary. Therefore, the efficacy of 11 essential oils applied as seed treatments to control Xanthomonas perforans in tomato and the effect on seed germination and seedling growth was evaluated. Seed treatment with oils of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globules Labill.), rosemary (Rosmarinus of-ficinalis L.) and niaouli (Melaleuca viridiflora Sol. ex Gaertn.) at 2% concentration inhibited the growth of X. perforans in the in vitro assays and consistently reduced the incidence and severity of BLS in planta tests. Negative effects on seed germination and seedling growth were not observed when tomato seeds were treated with the essential oils of eucalyptus and rosemary. Therefore, eucalyptus and rosemary oils can be used for seed treatment to control BLS in tomato. Further investigation is required on the shelf life of these oils, mode of action and their effects on other seed-borne pathogens of tomato and in other crop systems in Tanzania.	Bacterial disease; Control; Essential oils; Seed treatment; Xanthomonads	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860538042	Monetary valuation of salinity impacts and microbial pollution in the Olifants Water Management Area, South Africa	de Lange W.J., Mahumani B.K., Steyn M., Oelofse S.H.H.	2012	Water SA	38	2	10.4314/wsa.v38i2.9	CSIR, Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; CSIR, Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	de Lange, W.J., CSIR, Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; Mahumani, B.K., CSIR, Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; Steyn, M., CSIR, Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; Oelofse, S.H.H., CSIR, Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	This paper estimates costs associated with water pollution in the Olifants River Water Management Area (WMA) in South Africa, and, more specifically, the area represented by the Loskop Dam Water User Association. We focus on the impacts of salinisation on commercial irrigated agriculture, and of microbial pollution on the general population of the WMA, many of whom do not have access to municipal water and sanitation services, leaving them vulnerable to microbial pollution in the water resource. Costs associated with salinity are estimates based on the impacts of increased salinity on the value of marginal product of certain irrigated crops. Costs associated with microbial pollution are estimated based on the direct and indirect costs of human health impacts as a result of microbial pollution in the study area. These monetary value estimates give an indication of the magnitude of the cost of water pollution to society in the WMA. It is concluded that the once-off cost required to provide some pollution prevention infrastructure will be lower than the current annual cost burden of pollution on society in the WMA, and that pollution prevention is therefore cost effective.	Agriculture; Costs; Pollution prevention; Society; Water pollution	Annual cost; Cost effective; Dam water; Direct and indirect costs; General population; Human health impacts; Irrigated agriculture; Irrigated crops; Management areas; Microbial pollution; Monetary valuations; Monetary value; Municipal water; Pollution prevention; Salinisation; Sanitation services; Society; South Africa; Study areas; Agriculture; Cost estimating; Costs; Estimation; Oil spills; Pollution; Salinity measurement; Water management; Water pollution; Cost benefit analysis; cost-benefit analysis; environmental economics; irrigation system; microorganism; pollution control; river pollution; river water; salinity; salinization; sanitation; valuation; water resource; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859839366	Evaluation of the morphological changes in the lungs of BALB/c mice after inhalation of spherical and rod-shaped titanium nanoparticles	Oosthuizen M.A., Oberholzer H.M., Scriba M.R., van der Spuy W.J., Pretorius E.	2012	Micron	43	8	10.1016/j.micron.2012.02.003	CSIR, Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; CSIR/DST National Centre for Nano-Structured Materials, PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Oosthuizen, M.A., CSIR, Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Oberholzer, H.M., Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Scriba, M.R., CSIR/DST National Centre for Nano-Structured Materials, PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; van der Spuy, W.J., Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Pretorius, E., Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Titanium nanoparticles are widely used by industry in consumer products such as sunscreens and some cosmetic products due to their specifically engineered properties. Some of these properties may, however, increase the toxicity of the nanoparticles which in turn may affect human and environmental health. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to study the possible effects of these particles through in vivo studies, which might produce different results than in vitro cell studies. The current study aimed to investigate the possible remodelling in the lungs of BALB/c mice by means of light and transmission electron microscopy after inhalation of spherical and rod-shaped titanium nanoparticles at two different concentrations. The focus of this paper was to demonstrate whether whole body exposure to different concentrations of the said nanoparticles could induce an inflammatory response in the lungs and no inter particle comparison was done or retention investigated. Animals were divided into five experimental groups: control, high and low concentration groups exposed to the spherical-shaped particles, as well as high and low concentration groups exposed to the rod-shaped particles. Histological and ultrastructural changes, typical of an inflammatory response, were noted in the lungs of the exposed animals. These changes were not observed in the lungs of the control animals. It can be concluded from this study that titanium nanoparticles may cause inflammatory reactions in the lungs of animals exposed through inhalation, as indicated by the presence of inflammatory cells and congestion of inter-alveolar areas. This has implications for individuals who may be potentially exposed during the production and use of titanium nanoparticles. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	BALB/c animal model; BALB/c murine model; Inflammation; Inhalation; Lungs; Microscopy; Nanoparticles; TiO 2; Titanium nanoparticles	Animal model; Inflammation; Inhalation; Lungs; Murine model; TiO; Titanium nanoparticles; Consumer products; Mammals; Microscopic examination; Spheres; Titanium; Titanium dioxide; Transmission electron microscopy; Nanoparticles; nanoparticle; titanium; animal; article; Bagg albino mouse; chemically induced disorder; environmental exposure; female; inhalational drug administration; lung; microscopy; mouse; pathology; pneumonia; Administration, Inhalation; Animals; Environmental Exposure; Female; Lung; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Microscopy; Nanoparticles; Pneumonia; Titanium; Animalia; Murinae; Mus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-46249096316	Protecting a vulnerable groundwater resource from the impacts of waste disposal: A South African waste governance perspective	Oelofse S.H.H.	2008	International Journal of Water Resources Development	24	3	10.1080/07900620802127390	CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa	Oelofse, S.H.H., CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa	The underlying causes of groundwater pollution from waste disposal on land could be related back to fragmented legislation, ineffective policy, enforcement, education, capacity or even skill of landfill operators. The Department of Water Affairs and Forestry has the mandate to protect South Africa's water resources, while the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism is responsible for integrated pollution and waste management, including authorization of waste management facilities. Mining waste, on the other hand, fall within the mandate of the Department of Minerals and Energy. Legislation administered by all three departments contains clauses addressing waste management. This paper critically evaluates successes and or failure of the legislation, policies and minimum requirements to protect the South African vulnerable groundwater resources from the impact of waste management practices.	None	Energy conversion; Garnets; Groundwater; Groundwater pollution; Groundwater resources; Hydrogeology; Laws and legislation; Management; Minerals; Pollution; Silicate minerals; Sulfate minerals; Underground reservoirs; Waste disposal; Water conservation; Water management; (R ,s ,S) policy; Department of Minerals and Energy (DME); Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF); Environmental affairs; Landfill operators; mining wastes; South Africa (SA); Underlying causes; waste management facilities; waste management practices; Waste management; environmental legislation; environmental protection; groundwater pollution; groundwater resource; mine waste; vulnerability; waste disposal; water resource; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870826383	Effects of male-female exposure period on some reproductive parameters of grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus) and the pre-weaning growth performance of their young ones	Hagan B.A., Asafu-Adjaye A., Darfour-Oduro K.A., Boa-Amponsem K.	2012	Livestock Research for Rural Development	24	12	None	CSIR-Animal Research Institute, P. O. Box AH 20, Achimota, Ghana	Hagan, B.A., CSIR-Animal Research Institute, P. O. Box AH 20, Achimota, Ghana; Asafu-Adjaye, A., CSIR-Animal Research Institute, P. O. Box AH 20, Achimota, Ghana; Darfour-Oduro, K.A., CSIR-Animal Research Institute, P. O. Box AH 20, Achimota, Ghana; Boa-Amponsem, K., CSIR-Animal Research Institute, P. O. Box AH 20, Achimota, Ghana	The effect of male-female exposure period on some reproductive parameters of grasscutter was undertaken at the Grasscutter Unit of CSIR-Animal Research Institute, Pokuase between June 2008 and December 2009. Twenty-eight female grasscutters and 10 males were paired in the first round of mating whilst 29 females and 15 males were used in the second round of mating. Mating colonies of grasscutter were subdivided into three groups based on male-female exposure periods (M-FEP) of 4, 6 and 8 weeks. The mean litter size, time of exposure to parturition (TEP) and litter sex ratio were 3.96±0.32, 164.7±1.45 days and 0.43±0.05 respectively. The time to conception (TC) was 12.7±1.45 days. Male-female exposure period did not affect (P>0.05) TC, litter size, TEP, and litter sex ratio. Conception rate and percentage littering were higher for females that were exposed for 6 weeks. Sixty-four percent (64%) of all females that conceived did so within two weeks expo sure to the males. The pre-weaning average daily gain of the young grasscutters was 5 g/day. This study suggests that male-female exposure periods did not have any significant effect on reproductive traits of grasscutters. Grasscutter farmers could therefore separate their females after 2 weeks of exposure and the extra males can be fattened and sold for income generation.	Conception rate; Gestation length; Litter size; Mating; Time to conception	Animalia; Thryonomys swinderianus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053194766	Participatory evaluation of drought tolerant maize varieties using mother-baby trial model: A case study in the forest-Savannah transition zone of Ghana	Asumadu H., Ewool M.B., Obeng-Antwi K.	2011	Journal of Agronomy	10	2	10.3923/ja.2011.68.73	CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana	Asumadu, H., CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Ewool, M.B., CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Obeng-Antwi, K., CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana	Maize is one of the world's three primary cereal crops and also one of the most popular food crops on the domestic market in Ghana. Erratic rainfall pattern in the Forest-Savannah transition zone of Ghana for the past decade has caused shortfalls in rainfall amounts resulting in low maize production and productivity. The Maize Breeding Programme at the Crops Research Institute, Ghana, in collaboration with the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria identified high yielding and drought tolerant open-pollinated and hybrid maize varieties for evaluation and eventual release to farmers. The mother-baby trial model was adopted for the evaluation of these varieties in the major season of 2009 in three farming communities in the target agro-ecology. The Farmers variety showed poor yield performance in both the mother and baby trials and in the ranking of varieties by farmers and researchers in both early and medium maturity groups. Almost all the improved varieties were appreciated by both researchers and farmers. The yields of the drought tolerant varieties in both normal and drought affected environments were higher than the farmers variety in both cases. The two most promising drought tolerant varieties, TZE-W Pop STR QPM CO and IWD C2 S YN F2 out-yielded the Farmers' variety by as much as 23 to 90% across locations. Therefore, these varieties were recommended by the Maize Breeding Programme at the Crops Research Institute to the National Variety Release Committee of Ghana for release to farmers in 2010. © 2011 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Baby trial; Drought tolerant maize; Mother trial; Preference; Selection	Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79251638823	Yield evaluation of three early maturing bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc) Landraces at the CSIR-Crops Research Institute, Fumesua-Kumasi, Ghana	Berchie J.N., Sarkodie-Addo J., Adu-Dapaah H., Agyemang A., Addy S., Asare E., Donkor J.	2010	Journal of Agronomy	9	4	10.3923/ja.2010.175.179	CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Berchie, J.N., CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Sarkodie-Addo, J., Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Adu-Dapaah, H., CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Agyemang, A., CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Addy, S., CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Asare, E., Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Donkor, J., CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana	The aim of this study was to determine the field performance of three early maturing bambara groundnut landraces which were identified in a controlled environment study by the lead author at the University of Guelph, Guelph-Ontario, Canada between October 2008 and March, 2009. Bambara groundnut is an indigenous African grain legume which is cultivated for food especially in the dry areas with short and erratic rainfall. Three bambara groundnut landraces; Burkina, Zebra coloured and Mottled Cream were evaluated for yield at the CSIR-Crops Research Institute, Kumasi-Ghana. The trial was sown on the 1st of April, 2009. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Plants were sown at a spacing of 50 by 20 cm at two seeds per hill and thinned to one seedling per hill at 20 DAS. Zebra coloured took the least number of days to mature (89.5 days) followed by Mottled Cream (98.2 days) and Burkina (112.5 days). Zebra coloured produced the greatest pod yield per plant (23.6 g) followed by Burkina (17.7 g) and Mottled Cream (12.5 g). The base colour of the three landraces which is cream has been identified to be the preference of bambara groundnut growers and consumers. In areas with erratic rainfall and the lower latitudes where long daylength can negatively affect bambara groundnut yields, these early maturing landraces have the potential to reduce variation in bambara groundnut yields.	Bambara groundnut; Early maturing; Evaluation; Pod yield; Yield	Arachis hypogaea; Bambara; Equus subg. Hippotigris; Vigna subterranea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878460498	Performance of 13 Bambara groundnut (vigna subterranea (L.) verde.) landraces under 12 H and 14 H photoperiod	Berchie J.N., Amelie G., McClymont S., Raizada M., Adu-Dapaah H., Sarkodie-Addo J.	2013	Journal of Agronomy	12	1	10.3923/ja.2013.20.28	CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada; Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana	Berchie, J.N., CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Amelie, G., Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada; McClymont, S., Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada; Raizada, M., Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada; Adu-Dapaah, H., CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Sarkodie-Addo, J., Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana	The aim of this study was to identify bambara groundnut landraces which are less sensitive to photoperiod response. Variation in yields of bambara groundnut have been attributed among others to variation in photoperiod at different sowing dates. Thirteen bambara groundnut landraces were evaluated at 12 h: 12 h and 14 h: 10 h, light: darkness at the Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Sunshine mix LA4 was put in 78-4 litre pots per growth chamber. Four gram of 20:20:20, N:P:K was added to each pot and thoroughly mixed with the soil. Eachlandrace was replicated in six pots. Growth chamber temperatures were maintained at 30 and 25°C, day:night at relative humidity of 60%. Growth chamber Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR) ranged between 250-300 (millimol) umol m2 sec-1. Days to seedling emergence were significantly lesser under 12 h than 14 h photoperiod (p = 0.02). Days to flowering were significantly higher under 14 hthan 12hphotoperiod(p&lt;0.05). Five landraces; Burkina, Mottled Cream, Zebra Coloured, Tan One and Tan Two (both from Tanzania) podded under both 12 h and 14 h photoperiod. All but two of the landraces podded under 12 h photoperiod. Leaf area, shoot dry weight and root dry weight per plant were all higher under 14 h than 12 h photoperiod. Genotypes that produced pods under 14 h photoperiod were observed to be early maturing relative to the others. Landraces were identified for cultivation in the lower and higher latitudes. Abstract of this article is presented in IHC: Lisboa2010, T09 Genetics and Breeding; T09.218. © 2013 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Bambara groundnut; Burkina faso; Day length; Ghana; Photoperiod; Pod yield; Tanzania	Arachis hypogaea; Bambara; Equus subg. Hippotigris; Vigna; Vigna subterranea	None
WoS	WOS:000324601100001	Situational analysis and expert evaluation of the nutrition and health status of infants and young children in five countries in sub-Saharan Africa	Ake-Tano, Odile,Alles, Martine,Diouf, Saliou,Eussen, Simone,Lakati, Alice,Mauras, Celine,Oduwole, Abiola,Tanya, Agatha	2013	FOOD AND NUTRITION BULLETIN	34	3	None	Danone, University of Lagos, University of Yaounde I, AMREF, Inst Pediat Social UCAD	"Alles, Martine: Danone","Eussen, Simone: Danone","Mauras, Celine: Danone","Oduwole, Abiola: University of Lagos","Tanya, Agatha: University of Yaounde I",	Background. The poor feeding practices of pregnant women, infants, and young children contribute to the burden of malnutrition and subsequently to childhood morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Gaining insight into the nutritional and health status of infants and young children will help to focus future nutrition programs and actions. Objective. To assess the nutrition and health status of infants and young children in five sub-Saharan African countries: Ivory Coast, Senegal, Cameroon, Kenya, and Nigeria. Methods. Published and gray literature was critically reviewed and enriched with the views of local experts from academia, hospitals, and institutions to assess infants' and children's diet and health in the five sub-Saharan African countries. Subsequently, the Africa Nutriday Conference was held in Senegal in November 2011 to further discuss key challenges, action plans, and recommendations for future research. Results. This review highlighted the need for education of parents and healthcare professionals in order to increase their knowledge of breastfeeding, vaccination programs, and over- and undernutrition. An integrated health and nutrition surveillance is needed both to identify micronutrient deficiencies and to recognize early signs of overweight. These data will help to adapt nutrition education and food fortification programs to the target populations. Conclusions. Different countries in sub-Saharan Africa face similar nutrition and health issues and are currently not sharing best practices, nutrition programs, and scientific studies optimally. There is a need for closer collaboration among scientists within and between countries.	breastfeeding,CHILDREN,"HEALTH STATUS",INFANTS,NUTRITION,PREGNANCY,"SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA","FEEDING PRACTICES",INTERVENTIONS,KENYA,OBESITY,POLICIES,"PROGRAMMATIC ACTIVITIES",SAHEL,SENEGAL,UNDERNUTRITION	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887625500	Climate impacts and oceanic top predators: Moving from impacts to adaptation in oceanic systems	Hobday A.J., Young J.W., Abe O., Costa D.P., Cowen R.K., Evans K., Gasalla M.A., Kloser R., Maury O., Weng K.C.	2013	Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries	23	4	10.1007/s11160-013-9311-0	CSIRO Climate Adaptation and Wealth from Oceans Flagships, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia; National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, 5-7-1 Orido, Shimizu, Shizuoka, 424-8633, Japan; Long Marine Laboratory, University of California, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, United States; Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, 33149, United States; Fisheries Ecosystems Laboratory, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05580-120, Brazil; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 212 EME, Sète, France; ICEMASA, Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Pelagic Fisheries Research Program, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, United States	Hobday, A.J., CSIRO Climate Adaptation and Wealth from Oceans Flagships, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia; Young, J.W., CSIRO Climate Adaptation and Wealth from Oceans Flagships, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia; Abe, O., National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, 5-7-1 Orido, Shimizu, Shizuoka, 424-8633, Japan; Costa, D.P., Long Marine Laboratory, University of California, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, United States; Cowen, R.K., Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, 33149, United States; Evans, K., CSIRO Climate Adaptation and Wealth from Oceans Flagships, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia; Gasalla, M.A., Fisheries Ecosystems Laboratory, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05580-120, Brazil; Kloser, R., CSIRO Climate Adaptation and Wealth from Oceans Flagships, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia; Maury, O., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 212 EME, Sète, France, ICEMASA, Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Weng, K.C., Pelagic Fisheries Research Program, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, United States	Climate impacts are now widely reported from coastal marine systems, but less is known for the open ocean. Here we review progress in understanding impacts on large pelagic species presented at an international workshop for the Climate Impacts on Oceanic Top Predators programme, and discuss the future with regard to the next phase of adaptation-focused research. Recent highlights include a plan to map the distribution of key species in the foodweb using both acoustics and biochemical techniques, and development of a new data sharing and access tool for fisheries and associated data, including socio-economic information. A common research focus in pelagic ecosystems is on understanding climate variability and climate change impacts on marine species, but a greater emphasis on developing future scenarios and adaptation options is needed. Workshop participants also concluded that engagement with and provision of science support to regional fisheries management organisations are critical elements for ensuring successful uptake of research. This uptake will be required for future management of fisheries as global warming continues such that some open ocean top predators can be sustainably harvested, impacts on conservation-dependent species can be avoided, and ecosystem function is not compromised. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Climate change; Climate variability; Fisheries; Pelagic ecosystems	climate change; climate conditions; climate effect; environmental disturbance; environmental factor; environmental stress; fish; food web; marine ecosystem; pelagic environment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871483137	Impact of water scarcity in Australia on global food security in an era of climate change	Ejaz Qureshi M., Hanjra M.A., Ward J.	2013	Food Policy	38	1	10.1016/j.foodpol.2012.11.003	CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Australia; International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Southern Africa Office, Pretoria, South Africa; Charles Sturt University, Institute for Land, Water and Society, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia; Future Directions International, Perth, WA, Australia; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Dutton Park, QLD, Australia	Ejaz Qureshi, M., CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Canberra, ACT, Australia, Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Australia; Hanjra, M.A., International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Southern Africa Office, Pretoria, South Africa, Charles Sturt University, Institute for Land, Water and Society, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia, Future Directions International, Perth, WA, Australia; Ward, J., CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Dutton Park, QLD, Australia	Australia is a major food exporting country. Recent droughts reduced dryland farming production and the volume of water allocated to irrigated agriculture, with a resulting decline in aggregate agricultural production and exports. This paper analyses the possible impact of increased water scarcity on Australian agricultural production and the magnitude of subsequent impacts on global food security. Using the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) data on land and water use coupled with a hydro-economic stochastic modelling approach, the impacts of reduced agricultural production in the southern Murray-Darling Basin, and more generally for Australia, are analysed. Changes in agricultural activity, reduction in agricultural exports and altered composition of products exported attributed to the severe 2000-2009 drought are also analysed to highlight the implications for global food security. The impact of climate change on food production is examined. The analysis shows that climate change, when modelled as the extreme case, along with other factors such as land use, will impact Australian food exports. Despite its relatively small contribution to total global food supply, Australia's contribution to international trade in wheat, meat and dairy products is substantial and could affect global food prices. Furthermore, Australia's agricultural exports are of disproportionate importance within the South- and South-East Asian and Oceania region, both in terms of volume and for strategic reasons. Adaptation along with investment in agriculture production is needed to maintain Australian agricultural production and enhance global food security. © 2012.	Australian food exports; Drought; Economic model; Global food security; Water scarcity	agricultural production; agricultural trade; climate change; commodity price; drought; economic analysis; export; food security; international trade; resource scarcity; socioeconomic impact; water resource; Australia; Murray-Darling Basin; Triticum aestivum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-68649121417	Centrifugal pump performance calculation for homogeneous suspensions	Graham L.J.W., Pullum L., Slatter P., Sery G., Rudman M.	2009	Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering	87	4	10.1002/cjce.20192	CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, PO Box 56, Highett, VIC 3190, Australia; Private Consultant, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Rheology and Materials Processing Centre, School of Civil Environmental and Chemical Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Flow Process Research Centre, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa; CSIRO Mathematical and Information Sciences, Private Bag 33 Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia	Graham, L.J.W., CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, PO Box 56, Highett, VIC 3190, Australia; Pullum, L., Private Consultant, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Slatter, P., Rheology and Materials Processing Centre, School of Civil Environmental and Chemical Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sery, G., Flow Process Research Centre, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa; Rudman, M., CSIRO Mathematical and Information Sciences, Private Bag 33 Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia	Centrifugal pumps are widely used for transporting suspensions, but their head performance is derated when non-Newtonian fluids and/or coarse solids are present. Some head deration methods are available for high viscosity Newtonian fluids, Bingham plastic fluids and for coarse solids in water. This paper presents a modification of the Hydraulic Institute head deration method that is suitable for any homogeneous non-Newtonian rheology. A modification of the Walker and Goulas method is also considered. Possible anomalous behaviour of kaolin slurries in centrifugal pumps is discussed. ©2009 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering.	Multiphase flows	Bingham plastic fluids; Head performance; Homogeneous suspensions; Newtonian fluids; Non-Newtonian fluids; Non-Newtonian rheology; Centrifugal pumps; Fluid dynamics; Hydraulic machinery; Kaolin; Multiphase flow; Newtonian liquids; Non Newtonian flow; Pumping plants; Pumps; Rheology; Viscosity; Suspensions (fluids)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84915751055	Impact of eddies on surface chlorophyll in the South Indian Ocean	Dufois F., Hardman-Mountford N.J., Greenwood J., Richardson A.J., Feng M., Herbette S., Matear R.	2014	Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans	119	11	10.1002/2014JC010164	CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Wembley, WA, Australia; CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Centre for Applications in Natural Resource Mathematics, School of Mathematics and PhysicsUniversity of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia; LMI ICEMASA, Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town Cape Town, South Africa; Laboratoire de Physique des Océans, (UMR6523 CNRS IFREMER IRD UBO), Université de Bretagne Occidentale Brest, France; CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Hobart, TAS, Australia	Dufois, F., CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Wembley, WA, Australia; Hardman-Mountford, N.J., CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Wembley, WA, Australia; Greenwood, J., CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Wembley, WA, Australia; Richardson, A.J., CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Centre for Applications in Natural Resource Mathematics, School of Mathematics and PhysicsUniversity of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia; Feng, M., CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Wembley, WA, Australia; Herbette, S., LMI ICEMASA, Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town Cape Town, South Africa, Laboratoire de Physique des Océans, (UMR6523 CNRS IFREMER IRD UBO), Université de Bretagne Occidentale Brest, France; Matear, R., CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Hobart, TAS, Australia	A unique feature of the subtropical South Indian Ocean is the existence of anticyclonic eddies that have higher chlorophyll concentrations than cyclonic eddies. Off Western Australia, this anomalous behavior is related to the seeding of anticyclonic eddies with shelf water enriched in phytoplankton biomass and nutrients. Further off-shore, two mechanisms have been suggested to explain the eddy/chlorophyll relationship: (i) eddies originating from the Australian coast maintain their chlorophyll anomaly while propagating westward; and (ii) eddy-induced Ekman upwelling (downwelling) enhances (dampens) nutrient supply in anticyclonic (cyclonic) eddies. Here we describe the relationship between eddies and surface chlorophyll within the South Indian Ocean, and discuss possible mechanisms to explain the anomalous behavior in light of new analyses performed using satellite chlorophyll data. We show that anticyclonic eddies exhibit higher surface chlorophyll concentration than cyclonic eddies across the entire South Indian Ocean basin (from 20 to 28S), particularly in winter. Using Self Organizing Maps we analyze the chlorophyll patterns within anticyclonic eddies and cyclonic eddies and highlight their complexity. Our analysis suggests that multiple mechanisms may underlie the observed eddy/chlorophyll relationship. Based on Argo float data, we postulate the relationship may be partly related to seasonal adjustment of the mixed layer depth within eddies. Deeper mixing in anticyclonic eddies is expected to enhance nutrient supply to the mixed layer, while shallower mixing in cyclonic eddies is expected to reduce it. This could explain why the observed winter surface chlorophyll bloom is stronger in anticyclonic eddies than in cyclonic eddies. © 2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.	chlorophyll; convective mixing; Eddies; eddy-induced Ekman pumping; self-organizing map	anticyclone; Argo; biomass; chlorophyll; eddy; Ekman layer; mixed layer; phytoplankton; satellite data; upwelling; Australia; Indian Ocean; Indian Ocean (South); Western Australia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846933528	Quantitative evaluation of minerals in coal deposits in the Witbank and Highveld Coalfields, and the potential impact on acid mine drainage	Pinetown K.L., Ward C.R., van der Westhuizen W.A.	2007	International Journal of Coal Geology	70	1-3 SPEC. ISS.	10.1016/j.coal.2006.02.013	CSIRO Petroleum, P. O. Box 136, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia; Department of Geology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Pinetown, K.L., CSIRO Petroleum, P. O. Box 136, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia; Ward, C.R., School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia; van der Westhuizen, W.A., Department of Geology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	This study has investigated the quantitative distribution of minerals in coals and other lithological units in the coal-bearing successions of the Witbank and Highveld Coalfields in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa, using low-temperature oxygen-plasma ashing (LTA), high temperature ashing, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry techniques. Mineral matter makes up approximately 8 to 35 wt.% of the coal samples. SiO2 concentrations in the coal vary between 0.0 and 35.0 wt.%, Al2O3 between 0.5 and 16.0 wt.%, Fe2O3 between 0.03 and 10.0 wt.%, and S between 0.15 and 8.0 wt.%. Minor concentrations of CaO (0.0 to 8.0 wt.%) and MgO (0.0 to 1.0 wt.%) are also present. P2O5 occurs in concentrations of 0.0 to 3.5 wt.% and K2O is in the order of 0.0 to 1.3 wt.%. Na2O varies between 0.0 and 0.45 wt.%, with the Highveld coals showing an enrichment in Na2O (0.0 to 0.51 wt.%) in comparison with the Witbank coals. The minerals in the coals are dominated by quartz and kaolinite, with varying proportions of calcite, dolomite and pyrite, as well as accessory phosphate phases. Higher (normalised) K2O and Na2O concentrations are present in the sandstones than in the associated siltstones and carbonaceous shales, partly reflecting the presence of feldspars and clay minerals such as illite. Acid-base accounting was used to investigate the potential of the coal and coal-bearing units to produce acid mine drainage conditions. According to the screening criteria, all the coal and coal-bearing units, except the unit between the No. 1 and No. 2 coal seams, are potentially acid generating. The average Net Neutralising Potential (NNP) values suggest that the No. 5 coal seam, the No. 4 Upper coal seam, and the unit between the No. 4 and No. 2 coal seams are potentially acid generating. With such techniques it is possible to predict the types of situations that might arise concerning groundwater quality, and implement proper prevention or remediation programs. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Acid mine drainage; Coal mineralogy; Low-temperature ashing; X-ray diffraction; X-ray fluorescence	Acid mine drainage; Coal mineralogy; Low-temperature oxygen-plasma ashing; Clay minerals; Coal mines; Feldspar; Geochemistry; Lithology; Mineralogy; Quartz; Sandstone; X ray diffraction analysis; Coal deposits; acid mine drainage; coal mine; coal seam; lithology; mineral deposit; mineralogy; phosphate; quantitative analysis; spectrometry; X-ray diffraction; Africa; Highveld Coalfield; Mpumalanga; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Witbank Coalfield	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38749131266	Hydrogeochemical evaluation of groundwater in the lower Offin basin, Ghana	Kortatsi B.K., Tay C.K., Anornu G., Hayford E., Dartey G.A.	2008	Environmental Geology	53	8	10.1007/s00254-007-0772-0	CSIR-Water Research Institute, P. O. Box M32, Accra, Ghana; Civil Engineering Department, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana; Geology Department, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Kortatsi, B.K., CSIR-Water Research Institute, P. O. Box M32, Accra, Ghana; Tay, C.K., CSIR-Water Research Institute, P. O. Box M32, Accra, Ghana; Anornu, G., Civil Engineering Department, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana; Hayford, E., Geology Department, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Dartey, G.A., CSIR-Water Research Institute, P. O. Box M32, Accra, Ghana	Alumino-silicate mineral dissolution, cation exchange, reductive dissolution of hematite and goethite, oxidation of pyrite and arsenopyrite are processes that influence groundwater quality in the Offin Basin. The main aim of this study was to characterise groundwater and delineate relevant water-rock interactions that control the evolution of water quality in Offin Basin, a major gold mining area in Ghana. Boreholes, dug wells, springs and mine drainage samples were analysed for major ions, minor and trace elements. Major ion study results show that the groundwater is, principally, Ca-Mg-HCO 3 or Na-Mg-Ca-HCO 3 in character, mildly acidic and low in conductivity. Groundwater acidification is principally due to natural biogeochemical processes. Though acidic, the groundwater has positive acid neutralising potential provided by the dissolution of alumino-silicates and mafic rocks. Trace elements' loading (except arsenic and iron) of groundwater is generally low. Reductive dissolution of iron minerals in the presence of organic matter is responsible for high-iron concentration in areas underlain by granitoids. Elsewhere pyrite and arsenopyrite oxidation is the plausible process for iron and arsenic mobilisation. Approximately 19 and 46% of the boreholes have arsenic and iron concentrations exceeding the WHO's (Guidelines for drinking water quality. Final task group meeting. WHO Press, World Health Organization, Geneva, 2004) maximum acceptable limits of 10 μg l -1 and 0.3 mg l -1, for drinking water. © 2007 Springer-Verlag.	Cation exchange; Ghana; Offin basin; Oxidation; Pyrite and arsenopyrite; Silicate weathering	Biogeochemistry; Catchments; Hydraulic conductivity; Oxidation; Silicate minerals; Arsenopyrite; Cation exchange; Ghana; Groundwater acidification; Hydrogeochemical evaluation; Offin basin; Groundwater; acidification; aluminosilicate; concentration (composition); dissolution; gold mine; groundwater; hydrogeochemistry; ion exchange; iron; oxidation; water quality; Africa; Ghana; Offin Basin; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84934290452	Modeling impact of climate change on water resources and agriculture demand in the Volta Basin and other basin systems in Ghana	Amisigo B.A., McCluskey A., Swanson R.	2015	Sustainability (Switzerland)	7	6	10.3390/su7066957	CSIR-Water Research Institute, P.O. Box AH38, Achimota, Accra, Ghana; Engineering Management, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States; Civil Engineering, University of Colorado, 352 Summer Ave., Reading, MA, United States	Amisigo, B.A., CSIR-Water Research Institute, P.O. Box AH38, Achimota, Accra, Ghana; McCluskey, A., Engineering Management, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States; Swanson, R., Civil Engineering, University of Colorado, 352 Summer Ave., Reading, MA, United States	An assessment of the impacts of projected climate change on water availability and crop production in the Volta Basin and the southwestern and coastal basin systems of Ghana has been undertaken as a component of the impacts and adaptation study for Ghana by UNU-WIDER and the University of Ghana. Four climate change scenarios were considered in addition to a reference (no change) scenario-two dry and two wet scenarios. To conduct the analysis, a portion of a special framework using three water models was used; the framework is called the Strategic Analysis of Climate resilient Development (SACReD). First, the CliRun water balance model was used to simulate catchment runoffs using projected rainfall and temperature under the scenarios. Second, climate impacts on yields of the economically important Ghana crops were modeled using the AquaCrop software. Third, the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) software was used for the water allocation modeling. The results show that all water demands (municipal, hydropower, and agriculture) cannot be simultaneously met currently, or under any of the scenarios used, including the wet scenarios. This calls for an evaluation of groundwater as an additional source of water supply and an integrated water resources management plan in the catchments to balance demand with supply and ensure sustainable socio-economic development. In addition, the AquaCrop model forecasts negative impacts for the crop yields studied, with some crops and regions seeing larger impacts than others. © 2015 by the authors.	Agriculture; Climate change; Ghana; Water resources	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875979712	The virtual memory landscape: The impact of information technology on collective memory and commemoration in Southern Africa	Marschall S.	2013	Journal of Southern African Studies	39	1	10.1080/03057070.2013.763325	Cultural and Heritage Tourism, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	Marschall, S., Cultural and Heritage Tourism, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	The article considers the impact of new digital technologies and the internet on the process of commemorating the past and memorializing the dead in Southern Africa, with some comparative reference to the developed world context. The theoretical framework is inspired by Wulf Kansteiner's contention that collective memory is the result of the interaction between three overlapping elements - the media of memory, the makers and the consumers or users of memory. It is argued that internet-based commemoration represents the third successive and concurrent phase in the culture of collective remembrance in Southern Africa, following pre-colonial indigenous or vernacular memory practices and colonial forms of 'institutionalised' memory sites. Web-based commemoration is represented as a potentially new form of vernacular memory practice which collapses Kansteiner's groups of makers and users of memory. Selected case studies, mostly from South Africa, will be critically examined and their openness as a democratic space for negotiating the memory of the past assessed. The article maintains that new technologies, although currently still in their infancy, are bound to have an increasingly profound influence on commemoration and the formation and transfer of collective memory in Southern Africa. © 2013 The Editorial Board of the Journal of Southern African Studies.	None	advanced technology; culture; Internet; memory; theoretical study; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874060648	Performance of a rapid self-test for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in South Africa and Brazil	Jones H.E., Lippman S.A., Caiaffa-Filho H.H., Young T., Van De Wijgert J.H.H.M.	2013	Journal of Clinical Microbiology	51	3	10.1128/JCM.01547-12	CUNY School of Public Health at Hunter College, New York, NY, United States; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; Centre for Evidence-Based Health Care, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Acad. Med. Ctr. of the Univ. of Amsterdam and Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom	Jones, H.E., CUNY School of Public Health at Hunter College, New York, NY, United States; Lippman, S.A., University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Caiaffa-Filho, H.H., University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; Young, T., Centre for Evidence-Based Health Care, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Van De Wijgert, J.H.H.M., Acad. Med. Ctr. of the Univ. of Amsterdam and Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom	Women participating in studies in Brazil (n∇695) and South Africa (n∇230) performed rapid point-of-care tests for Trichomonas vaginalis on self-collected vaginal swabs. Using PCR as the gold standard, rapid self-testing achieved high specificity (99.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 98.2 to 99.6%) and moderate sensitivity (76.7%; 95% CI, 61.4 to 88.2%). These tests may be considered an alternative to syndromic management in resource-poor settings.	None	adolescent; adult; article; Brazil; controlled study; diagnostic test accuracy study; dysuria; female; human; lower abdominal pain; major clinical study; nonhuman; parasite identification; point of care testing; polymerase chain reaction; predictive value; priority journal; rapid test; resource allocation; sensitivity and specificity; South Africa; test strip; Trichomonas vaginalis; vagina discharge; vagina smear; vaginal pruritus; Adolescent; Adult; Brazil; Female; Humans; Parasitology; Point-of-Care Systems; Self-Examination; Sensitivity and Specificity; South Africa; Trichomonas vaginalis; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Young Adult	None
WoS	WOS:000318962000001	Advancing the theory and practice of impact assessment: Setting the research agenda	Bond, Alan,Morrison-Saunders, Angus,Pope, Jenny,Retief, Francois	2013	ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REVIEW	41	None	10.1016/j.eiar.2013.01.008	Curtin University, Murdoch University, North West University - South Africa, University of East Anglia, Integral Sustainabil	"Retief, Francois: North West University - South Africa",	Impact assessment has been in place for over 40 years and is now practised in some form in all but two of the world's nations. In this paper we reflect on the state of the art of impact assessment theory and practice, focusing on six well-established forms: EIA, SEA, policy assessment, SIA, HIA and sustainability assessment. We note that although the fundamentals of impact assessment have their roots in the US National Environmental Policy Act 1969 (NEPA) each branch of the field is distinct in also drawing on other theoretical and conceptual bases that in turn shape the prevailing discourse in each case, generating increasing degrees of specialisation within each sub-field. Against this backdrop, we consider the strengths and weaknesses of collective impact assessment practice, concluding that although there are substantial strengths, the plethora of specialist branches is generating a somewhat confusing picture and lack of clarity regarding how the pieces of the impact assessment jigsaw puzzle fit together. We use this review to suggest an overarching research agenda that will enable impact assessment to evolve in line with changing expectations for what it should deliver. (c) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	EIA,"IMPACT ASSESSMENT",RESEARCH,"STATE OF THE ART","ASSESSMENT SEA PRACTICE",EIA,MANAGEMENT,PARTICIPATION,PERSPECTIVES,POLICY-MAKING,REFLECTIONS,SOUTH-AFRICA,"STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT","SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650406475	Evaluation of soybean [Glycine max(L) Merrill] genotypes for adaptability to a southern Guinea savanna environment with and without P fertilizer application in north central Nigeria	Aduloju M.O., Mahamood J., Abayomi Y.A.	2009	African Journal of Agricultural Research	4	6	None	Dapartment of Agronomy, University of Ilorin, P.M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Lower Niger River Basin Development Authority, P. M. B. 1529, Ilorin, Nigeria	Aduloju, M.O., Dapartment of Agronomy, University of Ilorin, P.M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Mahamood, J., Lower Niger River Basin Development Authority, P. M. B. 1529, Ilorin, Nigeria; Abayomi, Y.A., Dapartment of Agronomy, University of Ilorin, P.M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria	Cultivar evaluation is essential to ascertain the superiority of the newly developed genotypes over the established cultivars in terms of yield and adaptation to an ecology. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate some of the recently developed soybean genotypes with and without P fertilizer application for adaptability to southern Guinea savanna ecology of Nigeria. The study was carried out at the experimental field of the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, during the 2003 and 2004 cropping seasons. Application of 30 kg P ha-1 resulted in significantly higher growth and grain yield parameters compared to no P application. Grain yield was consistently significantly higher for TGX 1448-2E than for other genotypes including the established cultivar, TGX 923-2E over the two cropping seasons. Significant year x genotype effect indicated that grain yields were significantly different between the two cropping seasons for TGX 1830-20E, TGX 1740-2F and TGX 1871-12E in 2004, while there was no significant variation for grain yield for TGX 1448-2E, TGX 1844-18E and TGX 1869- 31E for the two years. This suggests stable grain yields in the latter genotypes and hence good adaptability, while the former ones showed unstable productivity under adverse soil moisture condition resulting from lower rainfall in 2003, and thus were deemed unsuitable for the southern Guinea savanna ecology which is highly prone to drought conditions. Simple linear regression analysis revealed that number of pods per plant was the most important factor influencing grain yield in this study. In conclusion, TGX 1448-2E was the genotype best adapted genotype to the southern Guinea savanna ecology and thus it can successfully replace TGX 923-2E the existing cultivar. Nevertheless, TGX 1844-18E and TGX 1869-31E are promising as drought tolerant genotypes. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Adaptability; New soybean genotype; P fertilizer application; Southern Guinea savanna ecology	Glycine max	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33645704318	Impact of trade liberalization on the environment in developing countries: The case of Nigeria	Feridun M., Ayadi F.S., Balouga J.	2006	Journal of Developing Societies	22	1	10.1177/0169796X06062965	Cyprus International University, Cyprus; University of Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Economics, Cyprus International University, Cyprus; Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Cyprus; Economics Departme	Feridun, M., Cyprus International University, Cyprus, Department of Economics, Cyprus International University, Cyprus, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Cyprus; Ayadi, F.S., University of Lagos, Nigeria, Economics Department, University of Lagos, Nigeria, Economics Department, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Balouga, J., University of Lagos, Nigeria, Economics Department, University of Lagos, Nigeria, Economics Department, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	This article aims at investigating the impact of trade openness on pollution and resource depletion in Nigeria. Results indicate that pollution is positively related to trade intensity and real GDP per square kilometer, while capital to labor ratio and GNP are negatively related to pollution. In addition, strong evidence suggests that trade intensity, real GDP per square kilometer and GNP are positively related to environmental degradation indicating that the technique, scale, and total effects of liberalization are detrimental to the environment. The composition effect of trade liberalization on natural resource utilization, on the other hand, is beneficial. A number of policy implications emerge from the study for Nigeria as well as other developing economies. Copyright © 2006 SAGE Publications.	Development; Environmental degradation; Environmental Kuznets Curve; Trade liberalization	liberalization; trade policy; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
WoS	WOS:000323242100002	Who views what? Impact assessment through the eyes of farmers, development organization staff and researchers	Cosyns, Hannes,De Wulf, Robert,Van Damme, Patrick	2013	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND WORLD ECOLOGY	20	4	10.1080/13504509.2013.806372	Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Ghent University, World Agroforestry Ctr ICRAF GRP 1	"Cosyns, Hannes: Ghent University","De Wulf, Robert: Ghent University",	The present study assesses the impact of a rural development project on farmers' livelihoods, as perceived by farmers, development organization staff and researchers. The project concerned, aimed to increase small-scale farmers' financial benefits by promoting the commercialization of Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) Pierre ex Pax kernels (njansang) in Cameroon. The three parties evaluated the impacts of the project, over the 2005-2010 period, through indicators embedded in the Sustainable Livelihood Framework (natural, financial, human, social and physical assets). Project households were compared with control households. Results show that farmers' and development organization staff's views were aligned regarding the relative importance of the indicators to measure success (with overlaps &gt; 85%). The three stakeholders evaluated changes of farmers' livelihood indicators over the 2005-2010 period on 5-point Likert items. All three stated that most indicators improved significantly more in project than in control households (p &lt; 0.001). Development organization staff probably overestimated changes induced by project interventions as they perceived significantly larger changes as compared with farmers and researchers (p &lt; 0.05). Our study highlights the differences between impact perceived by farmers, development organization staff and researchers and helps to build the knowledge base of the potential and reliability of participatory evaluation approaches. Furthermore, an approach to assess impacts on people's livelihood is proposed, combining the strengths of participatory evaluation with those of classic evaluation methods.	COMMERCIALIZATION,"LIKERT SCALE",participatory,Ricinodendron,"RURAL DEVELOPMENT","Sustainable livelihood framework",ACCURACY,CAMEROON,COMMERCIALIZATION,LIVELIHOOD,MANAGEMENT,"STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION","SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT",SYSTEMS,"TIMBER FOREST PROD	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350058701	Kenyan Supermarkets, Emerging Middle-Class Horticultural Farmers, and Employment Impacts on the Rural Poor	Neven D., Odera M.M., Reardon T., Wang H.	2009	World Development	37	11	10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.08.026	DAI, MD, United States; Food and Agricultural Organization, the United Nations, Kenya; Michigan State University, United States; Hong Kong Monetary Authority, Hong Kong	Neven, D., DAI, MD, United States; Odera, M.M., Food and Agricultural Organization, the United Nations, Kenya; Reardon, T., Michigan State University, United States; Wang, H., Hong Kong Monetary Authority, Hong Kong	Are the rural poor excluded from supermarket channels in developing countries? We analyzed the farm-level impact of supermarket growth on Kenya's horticulture sector, which is dominated by smallholders. The analysis reveals a threshold capital vector for entrance in the supermarket channel, which hinders small, rainfed farms. Most of the growers participating as direct suppliers to that channel are a new group of medium-sized, fast-growing commercial farms managed by well-educated farmers and focused on the domestic supermarket market. Their heavy reliance on hired workers benefits small farmers via the labor market. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	farmers; horticulture; Kenya; markets; rural development; rural employment; supermarkets; supply chains	agricultural market; agricultural worker; employment; farm size; horticulture; labor market; marketing; rural development; rural economy; rural population; smallholder; threshold; Africa; East Africa; Kenya; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646706087	Milk production level and calf-rearing system affecting Boran, Ethiopian zebu cattle breed, cow-calf performance	Yilma Z., Gojjam Y., Shumye M.	2006	Livestock Research for Rural Development	18	5	None	Dairy Technology, Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization, Holetta Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 31, Holetta, Ethiopia	Yilma, Z., Dairy Technology, Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization, Holetta Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 31, Holetta, Ethiopia; Gojjam, Y., Dairy Technology, Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization, Holetta Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 31, Holetta, Ethiopia; Shumye, M., Dairy Technology, Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization, Holetta Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 31, Holetta, Ethiopia	Milk yield, reproductive performance, dry matter intake, milk composition and calf growth were studied for Boran (Ethiopian zebu breed) cows under different milk production levels and calf rearing methods. 39 Boran cows in their 2 nd and 3 rd parities were used for the study in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with main factors being suckling (partial suckling Vs non-suckling) and milk yield (low- and high-yielding). Suckling has resulted in increased total milk yield as compared to non-suckling in both milk yield groups: 793 Vs 369 kg for low-yielders and 1142 Vs 819 kg for high-yielders. Suckling and high-yielding cows consumed 0.6 kg and 0.8 kg more concentrate and total dry matter daily than non-suckling and low-yielding cows, respectively. Non-suckling and high-yielding cows produced 52 kg and 31 kg, respectively more hand-milked milk monthly (P&lt;0.05) than suckling and low yielding cows. Although partial suckling resulted in reduced fat percentage in milk obtained through hand milking, total milk yield was increased. Partial suckling, however, prolonged calving to first heat, days open and cycling compared with non-suckling. Suckling also resulted in higher (P&lt;0.01) average daily weight gain to weaning. Smallholder dairy enterprises in Ethiopia that are based on local cows need to consider the importance of suckling for increased productivity of the farm particularly in terms of milk yield and calf growth rate. As suckling resulted in increased milk yield, this practice should be accompanied by improved feeding. Further studies are needed in this line to address the economic implications of such practice. The need for similar studies under different production systems is also imperative to determine and implement the most appropriate strategy to improve overall life time productivity of local cows that include reproduction traits, milk production, calf growth and survival with suckling practices.	Boran; Feed intake; Growth; Milk production; Partial-suckling; Reproduction	Bos indicus; Bos taurus	None
None	None	Association between AFLP-based genetic distance and hybrid performance in tropical maize	Kiula B.A., Lyimo N.G., Botha A.-M.	2008	Plant Breeding	127	2	10.1111/j.1439-0523.2007.01434.x	Dakawa Agricultural Research Centre, PO Box 1892, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Hillcrest 0002, Pretoria, South Africa; Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Uyole Agricultural Research Institute, PO Box 400, Mbeya, Tanzania	Kiula, B.A., Dakawa Agricultural Research Centre, PO Box 1892, Morogoro, Tanzania, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Hillcrest 0002, Pretoria, South Africa, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Lyimo, N.G., Uyole Agricultural Research Institute, PO Box 400, Mbeya, Tanzania; Botha, A.-M., Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Hillcrest 0002, Pretoria, South Africa, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Identifying the best inbred combinations for the development of commercial hybrid maize varieties remains the main challenge to maize breeders. The aim of this work was to study associations between the genetic distance (GD) of 21 inbreds and the corresponding F1 phenotypic data. Furthermore, the impact of grouping lines into genetically similar clusters was investigated. The 21 inbred lines were fingerprinted using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. Parents and 210 F1 progeny were evaluated in the field. Joint data analysis mostly revealed a tighter association between GD and the F1 performance or mid parent heterosis in the intergroup than in the intragroup crosses. Despite these correlations, intergoup crosses should always be field-tested before their release. Crosses showing low GD values should be discarded to avoid field-testing costs. Better F1 hybrid performance predictions can be achieved by integrating molecular and F1 phenotypic data. © 2007 The Authors.	Genetic distance; Grouping; Heterosis; Zea mays	Zea mays	None
WoS	WOS:000312954300012	Measuring social accountability in health professional education: Development and international pilot testing of an evaluation framework	Buso, David,Larkins, Sarah L.,Lindemann, Iris C.,Matte, Marie C.,Neusy, Andre-Jacques,Palsdottir, Bjorg,Preston, Robyn,Ross, Simone J.,Samson, Rex,Tandinco, Filedito D.,THEnet	2013	MEDICAL TEACHER	35	1	10.3109/0142159X.2012.731106	Dalhousie University, Flinders University South Australia, James Cook University, Ateneo de Zamboanga Univ, No Ontario Sch Med, Univ Philippines, Walter Sisulu University of Technology & Science	"Larkins, Sarah L.: James Cook University","Lindemann, Iris C.: Flinders University South Australia",	Background: Health professional schools are responsible for producing graduates with competencies and attitudes to address health inequities and respond to priority health needs. Health professional schools striving towards social accountability founded the Training for Health Equity Network (THEnet). Aim: This article describes the development of THEnet evaluation framework for socially accountable health professional education, presents the framework to be used as a tool by other schools and discusses the findings of pilot implementation at five schools. Methods: The framework was designed collaboratively and built on Boelen and Woollard's conceptualization, production and usability model. It includes key components, linked to aspirational statements, indicators and suggested measurement tools. Five schools completed pilot implementation, involving workshops, document/data review and focus group discussions with faculty, students and community members. Results: Three sections of the framework consider: How does our school work?; What do we do? and What difference do we make? Pilot testing proved that the evaluation framework was acceptable and feasible across contexts and produced findings useful at school level and to compare schools. The framework is designed as a formative exercise to help schools take a critical look at their performance and progress towards social accountability. Initiatives to implement the framework more widely are underway. The framework effectively aids in identifying strengths, weaknesses and gaps, with a view to schools striving for continuous self-improvement. Conclusion: THEnet evaluation framework is applicable and useful across contexts. It is possible and desirable to assess progress towards social accountability in health professional schools and this is an important step in producing health professionals with knowledge, attitudes, and skills to meet the challenges of priority health needs of underserved populations.	None	None	None
None	None	Field Evaluation of the Cepheid GeneXpert Chlamydia trachomatis Assay for Detection of Infection in a Trachoma Endemic Community in Tanzania	Jenson A., Dize L., Mkocha H., Munoz B., Lee J., Gaydos C., Quinn T., West S.K.	2013	PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases	7	7	10.1371/journal.pntd.0002265	Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; International Sexually Transmitted Disease Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Kongwa Trachoma Project, Kongwa, Tanzania; Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States	Jenson, A., Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Dize, L., International Sexually Transmitted Disease Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Mkocha, H., International Sexually Transmitted Disease Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States, Kongwa Trachoma Project, Kongwa, Tanzania; Munoz, B., Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Lee, J., Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Gaydos, C., International Sexually Transmitted Disease Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Quinn, T., Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; West, S.K., Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States	Purpose: To determine the sensitivity, specificity, and field utility of the Cepheid GeneXpert Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) Assay (GeneXpert) for ocular chlamydia infection compared to Roche Amplicor CT assay (Amplicor). Methods: In a trachoma-endemic community in Kongwa Tanzania, 144 children ages 0 to 9 were surveyed to assess clinical trachoma and had two ocular swabs taken. One swab was processed at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, using Amplicor, (Roche Molecular Diagnostics) and the other swab was processed at a field station in Kongwa using the GeneXpert Chlamydia trachomatis/Neisseria gonorrhoeae assay (Cepheid). The sensitivity and specificity of GeneXpert was compared to the Amplicor assay. Results: Of the 144 swabs taken the prevalence of follicular trachoma by clinical exam was 43.7%, and by evidence of infection according to Amplicor was 28.5%. A total of 17 specimens (11.8%) could not be processed by GeneXpert in the field due to lack of sample volume, other specimen issues or electricity failure. The sensitivity of GeneXpert when compared to Amplicor was 100% and the specificity was 95%. The GeneXpert test identified more positives in individuals with clinical trachoma than Amplicor, 55% versus 52%. Conclusion: The GeneXpert test for C. trachomatis performed with high sensitivity and specificity and demonstrated excellent promise as a field test for trachoma control.	None	article; child; Chlamydia trachomatis; comparative study; diagnostic test accuracy study; DNA extraction; female; human; infant; major clinical study; male; newborn; polymerase chain reaction; preschool child; prevalence; school child; sensitivity and specificity; Tanzania; trachoma; Bacteriological Techniques; Child; Child, Preschool; Chlamydia trachomatis; Endemic Diseases; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tanzania; Trachoma	None
None	None	Impact of Presbyopia on Quality of Life in a Rural African Setting	Patel I., Munoz B., Burke A.G., Kayongoya A., Mchiwa W., Schwarzwalder A.W., West S.K.	2006	Ophthalmology	113	5	10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.01.028	Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Kongwa Trachoma Project, Kongwa, Tanzania	Patel, I., Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Munoz, B., Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Burke, A.G., Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Kayongoya, A., Kongwa Trachoma Project, Kongwa, Tanzania; Mchiwa, W., Kongwa Trachoma Project, Kongwa, Tanzania; Schwarzwalder, A.W., Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; West, S.K., Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States	Purpose: To determine the impact of uncorrected presbyopia on quality of life in rural Tanzania. Design: Cross-sectional study. Participants: Population-based sample of 1709 village and town-dwelling adults aged 40 and older in the Kongwa district in rural Tanzania. Methods: Subjects underwent distance and near visual acuity testing to determine presbyopia. A near vision-related quality of life questionnaire was administered by trained interviewers to determine the degree of self-rated difficulty with tasks appropriate to life in a rural African setting, and how much near vision loss contributed to this difficulty. Main Outcome Measures: Near vision-related quality of life. Results: Complete data were available for 1564 (92%) of the subjects. The prevalence rate of presbyopia was 62%. The majority of presbyopes (94%) did not have corrective near vision glasses. Compared with nonpresbyopes, being presbyopic increased the odds of reporting some difficulty with near vision tasks by 2-fold (odds ratio [OR], 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.57-2.66), odds of reporting moderate difficulty by 5-fold (OR 5.01; 95% CI: 3.19-7.89), and odds of reporting high difficulty by >8-fold (OR 8.52; 95% CI 3.13-23.10). The degree of presbyopia was associated with increasing difficulty with daily tasks (P<0.0001). Conclusions: This is the first study to demonstrate that uncorrected presbyopia has a significant impact on vision-related quality of life in a rural African setting. The high prevalence of presbyopia, and increased aging of the population in developing countries, suggests that the World Health Organization's Vision 2020 refraction agenda should place greater emphasis on presbyopia. © 2006 American Academy of Ophthalmology.	None	adult; aged; article; confidence interval; controlled study; data analysis; female; human; major clinical study; male; population research; presbyopia; prevalence; priority journal; quality of life; questionnaire; Tanzania; visual acuity; cross-sectional study; daily life activity; health survey; middle aged; pathophysiology; presbyopia; risk; rural population; spectacles; statistics; Tanzania; vision test; Activities of Daily Living; Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Eyeglasses; Female; Health Status Indicators; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Presbyopia; Prevalence; Quality of Life; Questionnaires; Rural Population; Tanzania; Vision Tests; Visual Acuity	None
None	None	Gender and performance of community treatment assistants in Tanzania	Jenson A., Gracewello C., Mkocha H., Roter D., Munoz B., West S.	2014	International Journal for Quality in Health Care	26	5	10.1093/intqhc/mzu067	Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Treatment Team, Kongwa Trachoma Project, Kongwa, Tanzania; Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States	Jenson, A., Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Gracewello, C., Treatment Team, Kongwa Trachoma Project, Kongwa, Tanzania; Mkocha, H., Treatment Team, Kongwa Trachoma Project, Kongwa, Tanzania; Roter, D., Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Munoz, B., Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; West, S., Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States	Objective. To examine the effects of gender and demographics of community treatment assistants (CTAs) on their performance of assigned tasks and quantity of speech during mass drug administration of azithromycin for trachoma in rural Tanzania. Design. Surveys of CTAs and audio recordings of interactions between CTAs and villagers during drug distribution. Setting. Mass drug administration program in rural Kongwa district. Participants. Fifty-seven randomly selected CTAs, and 3122 residents of villages receiving azithromycin as part of the Kongwa Trachoma Project. Interventions. None. Main Outcome Measures. Speech quantity graded by Roter interaction analysis system, presence of culturally appropriate greeting and education on facial hygiene for trachoma prevention from coded analysis of audio-recorded interactions. Results. At sites with all female CTAs, each CTA spent more time and spoke more in each interaction in comparison with CTAs at sites with only male CTAs and CTAs at 'mixed gender' sites (sites with both male and female CTAs). At 'mixed gender' sites, males spoke significantly more than females. Female CTAs mentioned trachoma prevention with facial cleanliness more than twice as often as male CTAs; however, both genders mentioned hygiene in <10% of interactions. Both genders had culturally appropriate greetings in <25% of interactions. Conclusions. Gender dynamics affect the amount of time that CTAs spend with villagers during drug distribution, and the relative amount of speech when both genders work together. Both genders are not meeting expectations for trachoma prevention education and greeting villagers, and novel training methods are necessary. © The Author 2014.	Community health worker; Gender; Mass drug administration; Tanzania; Trachoma	azithromycin; adult; Article; audio recording; community treatment assistant; demography; face; female; group therapy; health care personnel; health education; human; hygiene; major clinical study; male; priority journal; rural population; sex difference; sex ratio; speech; Tanzania; task performance; trachoma	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866718834	Selection of climate change scenario data for impact modelling	Sloth Madsen M., Maule C.F., MacKellar N., Olesen J.E., Christensen J.H.	2012	Food Additives and Contaminants - Part A Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure and Risk Assessment	29	10	10.1080/19440049.2012.712059	Danish Climate Centre, Danish Meteorological Institute, Lyngbyvej 100, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Agroecology, University of Aarhus, PO Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark; African Climate and Development Initiative, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa	Sloth Madsen, M., Danish Climate Centre, Danish Meteorological Institute, Lyngbyvej 100, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Maule, C.F., Danish Climate Centre, Danish Meteorological Institute, Lyngbyvej 100, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; MacKellar, N., Danish Climate Centre, Danish Meteorological Institute, Lyngbyvej 100, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, African Climate and Development Initiative, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa; Olesen, J.E., Department of Agroecology, University of Aarhus, PO Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark; Christensen, J.H., Danish Climate Centre, Danish Meteorological Institute, Lyngbyvej 100, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark	Impact models investigating climate change effects on food safety often need detailed climate data. The aim of this study was to select climate change projection data for selected crop phenology and mycotoxin impact models. Using the ENSEMBLES database of climate model output, this study illustrates how the projected climate change signal of important variables as temperature, precipitation and relative humidity depends on the choice of the climate model. Using climate change projections from at least two different climate models is recommended to account for model uncertainty. To make the climate projections suitable for impact analysis at the local scale a weather generator approach was adopted. As the weather generator did not treat all the necessary variables, an ad-hoc statistical method was developed to synthesise realistic values of missing variables. The method is presented in this paper, applied to relative humidity, but it could be adopted to other variables if needed. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	crop phenology; method validation; mycotoxins; precipitation; relative humidity; temperature	Climate change projections; Climate change scenarios; Climate data; Climate projection; Crop phenology; Impact analysis; Impact model; Local scale; Method validations; Model uncertainties; mycotoxins; Weather generator; Atmospheric humidity; Biology; Climate models; Crops; Isomers; Phenols; Precipitation (chemical); Temperature; Uncertainty analysis; Climate change; mycotoxin; article; climate change; climate model; crop; environmental impact; environmental temperature; generator; humidity; nonbiological model; phenology; precipitation; priority journal; weather; Agriculture; Animals; Climate Change; Crops, Agricultural; Databases, Factual; Europe; Food Safety; Forecasting; Fungi; Humans; Models, Biological; Mycotoxins; Spatio-Temporal Analysis; Uncertainty; Weather	None
None	None	Does globalisation impact SME development in Africa?	Mutalemwa D.K.	2015	African Journal of Economic and Management Studies	6	2	10.1108/AJEMS-01-2015-0012	Dar-es-Salaam Campus College, Mzumbe University, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania	Mutalemwa, D.K., Dar-es-Salaam Campus College, Mzumbe University, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania	Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to increase understanding and knowledge of the impact of globalisation on African small and medium enterprise (SME) development. The contribution of SMEs to manufacturing industrialisation can be viewed in the context of the changing setting of globalisation. Globalisation is a description as well as a prescription. It can be broadly defined as closer economic integration as a result of rapid advances in technology, growth of world trade and competition, and policy changes towards economic liberalisation. Globalisation can also pose a challenge on how SMEs in Africa should brace themselves to respond to – and take advantages of – the changes, and carve an appropriate position in the global competitive economy. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews and synthesises the eclectic literature and also draws from the experiences of both developed and developing economies. Findings – The evidence from the literature points to several stumbling blocks that prevent African manufacturing SMEs from participating successfully in the global economy. These include problems with exports, technology, competitiveness and inter-firm linkages as well as barriers in the institutional and policy environments. Originality/value – The paper will be useful to businesses, researchers, policy makers, civil society and others interested in understanding the impact of globalisation on manufacturing SME development. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Africa; Globalization; Industrialization; SMEs	None	None
WoS	WOS:000345143900001	Impact of implementing performance-based financing on childhood malnutrition in Rwanda	Binagwaho, Agnes,Bizimana, Jean de Dieu,Condo, Jeanine,Forrest, Jamie I.,Kanters, Steve,Karema, Corine,Ngabo, Fidele,Wagner, Claire	2014	BMC PUBLIC HEALTH	14	None	10.1186/1471-2458-14-1132	Dartmouth College, Harvard University, The World Bank, University of British Columbia, University of Rwanda, Global Hlth Delivery Partnership, Govt Rwanda, RBC	"Bizimana, Jean de Dieu: The World Bank","Condo, Jeanine: University of Rwanda","Forrest, Jamie I.: University of British Columbia","Kanters, Steve: University of British Columbia",	Background: Malnutrition remains a serious concern in Rwanda, particularly among children under-5 years. Performance-based financing (PBF), an innovative health systems financing strategy, has been implemented at the national level since 2008. This study aimed to assess the impact of PBF and other factors associated with the prevalence of three classifications of malnutrition (stunting, wasting and underweight) in children under-5 years in Rwanda. Methods: The study is a cross-sectional study comprising of 713 children under five years old from 557 households, whose anthropometric measurements (height, weight and age) had been obtained as part of the 2008 Rwanda General Health and HIV household survey. Z-scores for height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-height, and body mass index-for-age were analyzed according to the World Health Organization 2006 Child Growth Standards. Random intercept logistic regression models were used to regress each anthropometric measure (WAZ, HAZ and WHZ) against child, maternal and household characteristics. Results: Child participants ranged in age from 0 to 60 months, 20.2% of children were under 12 months and 5.1% were HIV positive. The prevalence of wasting was 8.8%; of stunting was 58.4%; and of underweight status was 20.7%. Maternal emotional and social wellbeing was protective of wasting in children under-5 years of age. Living in districts implementing PBF was protective of wasting (Adjusted Odds Ratio: 0.43; 95% confidence interval: 0.19-0.97). Living in a district with PBF was not found to be associated with either stunting or underweight status among children under-5. Conclusions: PBF may have a protective association with particular forms of malnutrition among children under-5 years in Rwanda. These findings warrant further investigation in relation to the impact of implementing innovative financing schemes on health outcomes.	"CHILD HEALTH",HIV/AIDS,MALNUTRITION,"MATERNAL HEALTH","Performance-based financing",COUNTRIES,GROWTH,HEALTH,"HIGH HIV PREVALENCE",INFANTS,MORTALITY,RISK-FACTORS,UGANDA,UNDERNUTRITION,YOUNG-CHILDREN	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861831370	Evidence on the impact of minimum wage laws in an informal sector: Domestic workers in South Africa	Dinkelman T., Ranchhod V.	2012	Journal of Development Economics	99	1	10.1016/j.jdeveco.2011.12.006	Dartmouth College, United States; University of Cape Town, South Africa	Dinkelman, T., Dartmouth College, United States; Ranchhod, V., University of Cape Town, South Africa	What happens when a previously uncovered labor market is regulated? We exploit the introduction of a minimum wage in South Africa and variation in the intensity of this law to identify increases in wages for domestic workers and no statistically significant effects on employment on the intensive or extensive margins. These large, partial responses to the law are somewhat surprising, given the lack of monitoring and enforcement in this informal sector. We interpret these changes as evidence that strong external sanctions are not necessary for new labor legislation to have a significant impact on informal sectors of developing countries, at least in the short-run. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Africa; Domestic workers; Informal sector; Minimum wage	developing world; domestic work; informal sector; law enforcement; legislation; minimum wage; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955655391	Comparing the results from various performance models of IEEE 802.11g DCF	Kritzinger P.S., Msiska H., Mundangepfupfu T., Pileggi P., Symington A.	2010	Computer Networks	54	10	10.1016/j.comnet.2010.01.003	Data Network Architectures Group, Computer Science Department, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Computing Laboratory, Oxford University, England, United Kingdom	Kritzinger, P.S., Data Network Architectures Group, Computer Science Department, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Msiska, H., Data Network Architectures Group, Computer Science Department, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Mundangepfupfu, T., Data Network Architectures Group, Computer Science Department, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Pileggi, P., Data Network Architectures Group, Computer Science Department, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Symington, A., Computing Laboratory, Oxford University, England, United Kingdom	IEEE 802.11 DCF is the most widely-used CSMA/CA access control mechanism. Recent analytic performance models for DCF have received acclaim for both their simplicity and reported accuracy. Most of these models share the assumptions of full single-hop connectivity among all stations, that DCF back-off may be modeled as a Markov process and that the network is saturated with traffic. In order to verify the accuracy of existing analytic models we developed a discrete-event simulator to record the performance of the DCF protocol and ensure that every detail of the standard is represented. Simultaneously we set up a hardware test bed to measure the same performance metrics in an environment that makes none of the simplifying assumptions of either the analytic models or the simulation. In the test bed, as in the simulator, we used the same physical parameter settings prescribed by the standard. As is the case for the analytic models we used, we subjected the simulator and the test bed to the same saturated workload for both basic and RTS/CTS access modes. Finally, we also implemented a non-saturating Markov Modulated Arrival Process (MMAP) workload model for our simulator to test the performance of DCF subject to more realistic internet traffic conditions. We describe both the simulator and the test bed in some detail in order to testify to the accuracy and detail of our results. The results show that the analytic models are mostly pessimistic for small numbers of nodes and optimistic for larger numbers of nodes. The performance measurements from the test bed, in turn, indicate that the simulation results are similarly optimistic when large numbers of nodes are concerned. Since the test bed uses an error-prone wireless channel, this latter result is, in principle, not surprising. The rate of deterioration in the actual performance is however something that is not widely known and is much more rapid than analytic models would suggest. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Distributed coordination function (DCF); IEEE 802.11; Medium access control (MAC); Simulation modelling; Wireless test bed; WLAN	Distributed coordination functions; IEEE 802.11s; Medium access control (MAC); Simulation modelling; Wireless test beds; WLAN; Equipment testing; Internet protocols; Markov processes; Security systems; Simulators; Standards; Telecommunication networks; Test facilities; Wireless local area networks (WLAN); Medium access control	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885045724	Evaluation of the taxonomic sufficiency approach for ichthyoplankton community analysis	Hernandez Jr. F.J., Carassou L., Graham W.M., Powers S.P.	2013	Marine Ecology Progress Series	491	None	10.3354/meps10475	Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, United States; Department of Marine Science, University of Southern Mississippi, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529, United States; Department of Marine Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, United States; Department of Coastal Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, MS 39564, United States; Rhodes University, Department of Zoology and Entomology, PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	Hernandez Jr., F.J., Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, United States, Department of Coastal Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, MS 39564, United States; Carassou, L., Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, United States, Rhodes University, Department of Zoology and Entomology, PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Graham, W.M., Department of Marine Science, University of Southern Mississippi, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529, United States; Powers, S.P., Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, United States, Department of Marine Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, United States	Ichthyoplankton identification is a time-consuming task, and often larvae cannot be identified to species due to a lack of adequate early life history descriptions. As a result, ichthyoplankton assemblage data are often analyzed at the family level, which results in a loss of taxonomic resolution, or at mixed taxonomic levels (e.g. family, genus and species combined), which can lead to difficulties in interpretation of results when a single species is included in multiple taxo nomic groupings. The taxonomic sufficiency (TS) approach has been used extensively in other disciplines (e.g. benthic marine macrofauna) to address similar analytical constraints, but to date this method has not been rigorously examined for ichthyoplankton studies. In this study, an ichthyoplankton data set collected in the northern Gulf of Mexico was proportioned into 3 data subsets with varying levels of taxonomic resolution: (1) species level only; (2) species, genus and family levels; and (3) combined taxonomic levels. Comparisons were made for assemblage metrics (larval density, richness and diversity) calculated for each taxonomic subset, as well as multivariate analyses of temporal variations characterizing ichthyoplankton assemblages. Genus- and species-level similarity matrices were highly correlated, which suggests analyses at the genus level could serve as a good proxy for species when examining assemblage diversity. Multivariate results for seasonal patterns were similar among family-, genus- and species-level analyses. The common approach of analyzing ichthyoplankton assemblages at mixed taxonomic levels, however, is not as statistically rigorous as single taxonomic-level analyses. © 2013 The authors.	Gulf of mexico; Larval fish; Multivariate community analyses; Seasonality; Taxonomic resolution	benthos; data set; ichthyoplankton; larva; life history; multivariate analysis; seasonality; similarity index; taxonomy; Atlantic Ocean; Gulf of Mexico	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867365953	Impacts of tsetse challenge on herd composition and mortality, lactation and reproductive performance of cattle in Dawuro Zone of Southern Region, Ethiopia	Tigicho T., Belihu K., Terefe G.	2012	Revue de Medecine Veterinaire	163	42591	None	Dawuro Zone Agricultural Department, Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State, Ethiopia; National Livestock Consultant, FAO-Ethiopia-DRRU, Awash Field Office, P.O.Box: 5536, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Pathology and Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box. 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	Tigicho, T., Dawuro Zone Agricultural Department, Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State, Ethiopia; Belihu, K., National Livestock Consultant, FAO-Ethiopia-DRRU, Awash Field Office, P.O.Box: 5536, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Terefe, G., Department of Pathology and Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box. 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	The study was conducted in southern Ethiopia to compare herd composition, mortality, milk yield and reproductive performance of cattle in tsetse-challenged and tsetse-free areas. Questionnaire surveys were made with 156 households, and 30 pre-partum cows were selected for a follow-up study on milk yield and occurrence of the first postpartum heat. Accordingly, whereas the herd size was not significantly modified, the proportions of female calves and lactating or dry pregnant cows were significantly higher and those of dry non pregnant cows significantly lowered in the tsetse free areas than in the challenged ones. Cows in the tsetse affected areas exhibited significantly lower average milk yield and lactation length as well as significantly reduced reproductive performance (increases in the age at first calving, in the calving interval and in the number of services for conception). Additionally, the mortality rates for the whole herd and for each production type were dramatically increased in the tsetse challenged areas. It can be concluded that tsetse-challenge and associated trypanosomiasis seriously affect herd composition and performances of cattle in the Dawuro Zone.	Cattle; Herd composition; Milk yield; Mortality; Reproductive performance; Trypanosomiasis; Tsetse challenge	None	None
None	None	Monitoring lymphatic filariasis control in Tanzania: Effect of repeated mass drug administration on circulating filarial antigen prevalence in young schoolchildren	Simonsen P.E., Magesa S.M., Derua Y.A., Rwegoshora R.T., Malecela M.N., Pedersen E.M.	2011	International Health	3	3	10.1016/j.inhe.2011.06.009	DBL - Centre for Health Research and Development, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 57, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Medical Research Centre, P.O. Box 81, Muheza/Tanga, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 9653, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; RTI International, P.O. Box 6201, Kigali, Rwanda	Simonsen, P.E., DBL - Centre for Health Research and Development, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 57, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Magesa, S.M., National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Medical Research Centre, P.O. Box 81, Muheza/Tanga, Tanzania, RTI International, P.O. Box 6201, Kigali, Rwanda; Derua, Y.A., National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Medical Research Centre, P.O. Box 81, Muheza/Tanga, Tanzania; Rwegoshora, R.T., National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Medical Research Centre, P.O. Box 81, Muheza/Tanga, Tanzania; Malecela, M.N., National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 9653, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Pedersen, E.M., DBL - Centre for Health Research and Development, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 57, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark	In most countries of Sub-Saharan Africa the control of lymphatic filariasis (LF) is based on annual mass drug administration (MDA) with a combination of ivermectin and albendazole, in order to interrupt transmission. We monitored the effect of four repeated MDAs with this combination, as implemented by the Tanzanian National Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination Programme (NLFEP), on the circulating filarial antigen (CFA) status of young schoolchildren. A new batch of Standard 1 pupils from 10 rural primary schools in Tanga Municipality were examined for CFA each year in September/October (691-848 children per survey; mean age of 7.5-8.1 years), from immediately before the first MDA until eight months after the fourth MDA. The overall pre-MDA prevalence of CFA was 25.2%. Only minor and non-significant change in prevalence was seen after the first two MDAs. However, this was followed by substantial and statistically significant decreases in subsequent surveys, and eight months after the fourth MDA the prevalence was only 6.4%. Continuous entomological surveillance in a village accommodating one of the schools showed progressive decrease in transmission right from the first MDA. The usefulness of screening young schoolchildren for CFA as a tool for monitoring the impact of MDA on LF transmission is discussed. © 2011 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.	Children; Circulating filarial antigens; Control monitoring; Lymphatic filariasis; Mass drug administration; Tanzania	albendazole; ivermectin; parasite antigen; article; child; female; human; lymphatic filariasis; major clinical study; male; parasite control; parasite transmission; priority journal; school child; Tanzania; treatment outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955820304	The impact of geographic expansion on intended identity of an organisation	Spittal R.D., Abratt R.	2009	Journal of General Management	35	3	None	Dean, School of Graduate and Continuing Studies, Olivet Nazarene University, Illinois, United States; Huizenga School of Business and Entrepreneurship, Nova Southeastern University, Florida, United States; Wits Business School, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa	Spittal, R.D., Dean, School of Graduate and Continuing Studies, Olivet Nazarene University, Illinois, United States; Abratt, R., Huizenga School of Business and Entrepreneurship, Nova Southeastern University, Florida, United States, Wits Business School, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa	As organisations grow and expand past their operational headquarters, individual branches may reflect a different identity than that of the headquarters. The question then is, 'Is senior management able to transcend geographical boundaries and communicate the identity that has shaped their strategy for the organisation?.' The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of geographical expansion on the reflected perceptions of internal stakeholders related to the organisation's intended identity as defined by the senior management. The authors review the literature on identity in relation to image and reputation in order to seek answers to this question. The paper concludes with four propositions that need to be tested empirically in the future.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893974628	Evaluation of the adaptability and response of indigenous trees to assisted rehabilitation on the degraded hillsides of Kuriftu Lake Catchment (Debre Zeit, Ethiopia)	Gebretsadik W.	2014	Journal of Forestry Research	25	1	10.1007/s11676-013-0398-x	Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center (DZARC), P.O.box-32, Debre zeit, Ethiopia	Gebretsadik, W., Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center (DZARC), P.O.box-32, Debre zeit, Ethiopia	Removal of trees and shrubs from hillsides exposes a site to erosion that threatens soil aggregation and stability. The present study aimed at evaluating the performance of five indigenous tree species in rehabilitation of degraded hillsides of Kuriftu Lake Catchment and the role of water harvesting structures. Adaptability varied by tree species and water harvesting structures significantly augmented seedling establishment for some tree species. Height of Acacia abyssinica planted on steeper slopes (18%-27%) without infiltration pits was lower than for conspecifics planted with infiltration pits. Dodonaea angustifolia was proved to be best adapted to the site and showed no need for water harvesting regardless of planting position across the degraded hillside. Planting of Acacia seyal should be restricted to gentler slopes (0-17%) with infiltration pits: tree height declined significantly on steep slopes without infiltration pits. Olea africana performed better on gentle slopes with pits but also grew well on steeper slopes with pits. Euclea schimperi was proved to be least effective of the species evaluated in this study. © 2014 Northeast Forestry University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Infiltration pits; Kuriftu Lake catchment; water harvesting	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952876784	Effects of feed restriction on production and reproductive performance of Rhode Island red pullets	Tesfaye E., Tamir B., Haile A., Dessie T.	2009	African Journal of Agricultural Research	4	7	None	Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Tesfaye, E., Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Tamir, B., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; Haile, A., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Dessie, T., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The study examined the effect of skip a-day feed restriction on Rhode Island red chicken and evaluated the effect in relation to age, body weight, egg quality, weight of reproductive tract and liver at the onset of egg laying. Two hundred 40 day-old chicks with mean body weight of 48.92 ± 1.53 g were randomly distributed to 12 pens each with 20 chicks, representing 4 feeding regimen of T1 (unrestricted, control), T2 (restricted at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of age), T3 (restricted at 35, 42, 49 and 56 days of age) and T4 (restricted at 63, 70, 77 and 84 days of age). Feed restriction was based on skipping a-day once in a week and the next day's feed offer was based on the previous day's feed intake. The average day to lay first egg was significantly longer (P < 0.05) for T3 treatment groups compared with the others. The values were 140.8 ± 0.8, 140.17 ± 2.5, 147 ± 2.2 and 143.83 ± 2.3 days for T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups, respectively. There was also highly significant (P < 0.01) difference in body weight (1305 ± 13.2, 1374.3 ± 23.2, 1352 ± 23.5 and 1429.23 ± 44.5 g for T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups, respectively) and the values were higher for birds restricted at later age of growth. Egg weight at the onset of egg lay for the respective treatments were 42.68 ± 0.72, 42.43 ± 1.91, 47.9 ± 0.87 and 41.88 ± 0.77 g. Pullets of T4 group had significantly (P < 0.01) heavier uterus weight and longer length in absolute term than the control. Except for yolk diameter and shell thickness (P < 0.05), the egg quality parameters considered were not significantly (P > 0.05) different between the treatment groups. The result revealed the conclusion that feed restriction by skip a-day feeding system at T3 resulted in higher egg weight and can be considered as the optimum age for pullet rearing. Additionally, feed restriction at T4 could also be recommended due to heavier uterus weight and longer length in absolute term as these attributes indicate good consistency for the subsequent egg production. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Body weight; Egg quality; Feed restriction; Onset of egg laying; Skip a-day	Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861540570	Novel size and shape measurements applied to jig plant performance analysis	Voigt A.E., Twalat C.	2012	Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy	112	3	None	DebTech, De Beers Group Services (Pty) Ltd., South Africa; Kumba Iron Ore Ltd., South Africa	Voigt, A.E., DebTech, De Beers Group Services (Pty) Ltd., South Africa; Twalat, C., Kumba Iron Ore Ltd., South Africa	Iron ore samples representing the input and output of several jigging experiments were analysed to determine the effect of particle size, shape, and density on jigging performance. Traditionally, the manual measurement of the size and shape of individual particles is very tedious and prone to inaccuracies and inconsistencies. Using a novel multi-view imaging technique the 3-dimensional representations of each particle in the sample was determined. From this representation several size and shape measurements were extracted, and these were correlated with the individual particle density measurements. A rigorous investigation into the confidence associated with density and the size and shape features as a function of sample size was conducted, thus allowing the significance of correlations in the data to be determined. The jig's performance was seen to be clearly sensitive to density and markedly so to particle size, while the results for shape indicated the need for continued work in the definition of particle shape. © The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2012.	Density; Jig; MDS; Shape; Size	3-dimensional representation; Individual particles; Input and outputs; MDS; Multi-views; Particle shape; Plant performance; Sample sizes; Shape; Size; Size and shape; Density (specific gravity); Imaging techniques; Iron ores; Jigs; Particle size	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-31544457587	Economic performance of case study dairy farm in Southern Ethiopia	Ergano K., Nurfeta A.	2006	Livestock Research for Rural Development	18	1	None	Debub University, Awassa College of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Resource Economics and Management, P.O.Box 5, Awassa, Ethiopia; Debub University, Awassa College of Agriculture, Department of Animal and Range Sciences, P.O.Box 5, Awassa, Ethiopia	Ergano, K., Debub University, Awassa College of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Resource Economics and Management, P.O.Box 5, Awassa, Ethiopia; Nurfeta, A., Debub University, Awassa College of Agriculture, Department of Animal and Range Sciences, P.O.Box 5, Awassa, Ethiopia	Focus on agricultural development in Ethiopia has seen a shift towards the smallholder sector, which is home and employment provider to more than 85 percent of the population. However, the viability status of enterprises within this sector remain largely un-probed research area on-the-ground. This article, which is based on case study of dairy farm at Awassa College of Agriculture, presents results of an economic analysis of the real state, constraints and opportunities vis à vis the performance of the Colleges' dairy farm for the past five years. Through a Gross Margin Analysis at farm level, the study established that the dairy farm is economically quite viable. Gross margins ranging from Birr 3,589 to Birr 77,920 were obtained in the years considered. However, given the higher genetic potential of the dairy animals and unsatisfied demand for milk in the market, the performance is much less than desired. The cost of production of milk per liter ranging from Birr 1.29 to 1.98 as compared to the selling price of Birr 2 showed a very sensitive profit margin. Feed expense, which accounts for about 90 % of the total expenses, is a major expense of the dairy farm. Identified constraints to production include poor infrastructure, bad sanitary condition, lack of organized record system, bureaucratic bottlenecks, low quality feeds and inefficient purchasing system. Established opportunities for improvement include enhancing housing and sanitary conditions, timely harvesting and better storage of home-grown feeds, following a planned purchasing and selling systems, use of a well -organized record systems, as well as aiming at economic and efficient production in order to achieve sustained production and economic performance. It is recommended that the farm may be liberalized from bulky bureaucratic purchasing procedures of the University.	Awassa College of Agriculture; Dairy Farm; Economics; Ethiopia	Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955799757	Dynamic mechanical and perforation impact behavior of all-pp composites containing beta-nucleated random pp copolymer as matrix and stretched pp homopolymer tape as reinforcement: Effect of draw ratio of the tape	Abraham T.N., Wanjale S., Siengchin S., Karger-Kocsis J.	2011	Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials	24	3	10.1177/0892705710391402	Defence Laboratory, Ratanada Palace, Jodhpur, 342011, India; Polymer Science and Engineering Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pashan road, Pune 411008, India; Department of Production Engineering, Sirindhorn Intl. Thai Ger. Grad. Sch. of Eng. King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Abraham, T.N., Defence Laboratory, Ratanada Palace, Jodhpur, 342011, India; Wanjale, S., Polymer Science and Engineering Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pashan road, Pune 411008, India; Siengchin, S., Department of Production Engineering, Sirindhorn Intl. Thai Ger. Grad. Sch. of Eng. King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand; Karger-Kocsis, J., Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Cross-ply all-polypropylene (PP) composite laminates were prepared by hot consolidation after tape winding combined with film stacking. Alpha (α) PP tapes of different draw ratios (DR = 8 and 12), produced by online extrusion stretching, served as reinforcements. Beta (β)-nucleated random PP copolymer, introduced in the form of a film, composed the matrix. The E-modulus of the PP tapes increased whereas their density decreased with increasing DR. The volume fraction of the reinforcement and the void content were estimated using optical microscopic images. The all-PP composites were subjected to dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, flexural, and instrumented falling weight impact tests. It was found that with increasing draw ratio of the α-PP tapes, the stiffness, strength, and perforation resistance of the composites were improved. © The Author(s), 2010.	all-polypropylene composite; draw ratio.; dynamic mechanical thermal analysis; instrumented falling weight impact; polypropylene	all-polypropylene composite; Composite laminate; Cross-ply; draw ratio.; Dynamic mechanical; dynamic mechanical thermal analysis; E-modulus; Falling weight impact; Film-stacking; Homopolymers; Impact behavior; matrix; Microscopic image; Online extrusion; Tape winding; Void contents; Copolymerization; Copolymers; Dynamic mechanical analysis; Dynamics; Laminates; Plastic products; Reinforcement; Thermoanalysis; Thermoplastics; Polymer matrix composites	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930338805	Genetic parameter estimation and evaluation of duroc boars for feed efficiency and component traits	MacNeil M.D., Kemp R.A.	2015	Canadian Journal of Animal Science	95	2	10.4141/CJAS-2014-089	Delta G, 145 Ice Cave Rd., Miles City, MT, United States; Animal and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; RAK Genetic Consulting Ltd, 54 Coachwood Point W, Lethbridge, AB, Canada	MacNeil, M.D., Delta G, 145 Ice Cave Rd., Miles City, MT, United States, Animal and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Kemp, R.A., RAK Genetic Consulting Ltd, 54 Coachwood Point W, Lethbridge, AB, Canada	MacNeil, M. D. and Kemp, R. A. 2015. Genetic parameter estimation and evaluation of Duroc boars for feed efficiency and component traits. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 155-159. The objective of this research was to produce a genetic evaluation for traits related to feed efficiency of Duroc boars. Meeting this objective required partitioning phenotypic (co)variance into additive genetic and environmental components for feed intake and traits indicative of growth and body composition. Boars (N=3291) were housed in group pens of 22 to 24 animals with two electronic feeders per pen and feed intake was recorded for 8 to 14 wk. Body weight was recorded for each boar at the start and end of test, at approximately 100 kg and at up to three times during the test. The pedigree used contained sire and dam of each boar with at least one recorded phenotype (N=4651) and their maternal and paternal grandsires. Variance components were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood for animal models in a series of uni-variate and bi-variate analyses. Two multiple trait genetic evaluations were conducted to predict estimated breeding value for feed intake using animal models. The first evaluation included feed intake (h2=0.33±0.05), age at 100 kg (h2=0.31±0.04), and subcutaneous fat depth (h2=0.47±0.05). The second genetic evaluation included feed intake, average daily gain (h2=0.27±0.04), mid-test weight (h2=0.33±0.05), and subcutaneous fat depth. Genetic correlations of feed intake with age at 100 kg and fat depth were -0.80±0.05 and  0.57±0.08, respectively. Estimated breeding values for measures of feed efficiency (residual feed intake and residual gain) were calculated from the results of the second analysis and the associated additive genetic (co)variance components.	Feed efficiency; Production; Swine; Variance components	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862214424	Evaluation of factors influencing transmissivity in fractured hard-rock aquifers of the Limpopo province	Holland M.	2012	Water SA	38	3	None	Delta h, PO Box 66662, Woodhill 0076, South Africa	Holland, M., Delta h, PO Box 66662, Woodhill 0076, South Africa	Geologically-complex fractured aquifers underlie large parts of the semi-arid Limpopo Province where some of the greatest groundwater needs in South Africa occur. It is important to identify potentially high-yielding zones that can be targeted for water supply. The study covered 7 distinct groundwater regions within Limpopo Province, together covering about 63 500 km2. Results from over 4 000 pumping-test analyses indicated that geological setting (e.g. aureole of granitoids), proximity and orientation of dykes and lineaments and proximity of surface-water drainages may exert an influence on borehole productivity. Although dykes are poor groundwater targets, drilling dykes composed of dolerite may prove to be more successful. Lineaments striking perpendicular to the current maximum horizontal stress seem to be more favourable targets, which is inconsistent with the predicted regime. Due to the complex geological history, it is difficult to link open discontinuities to a distinct recent or past tectonic event. Regional stress-field data, as in this case, may not account for local, possibly highly significant, stress-field variations. The hydrogeological importance of several factors related to groundwater occurrence, can be used as a working reference for future groundwater-development programmes.	Borehole productivity; Groundwater; Limpopo province; Lineaments; Transmissivity	Fractured aquifer; Geological history; Geological setting; Granitoids; Hard-rock aquifers; Horizontal stress; Hydrogeological; Limpopo province; Lineaments; Semi arid; South Africa; Surface-water drainage; Tectonic events; Transmissivity; Aquifers; Groundwater; Hydrogeology; Productivity; Water supply; Groundwater resources; aquifer; borehole; data set; dike; drainage; fracture network; granitoid; groundwater resource; hard rock; history of geology; hydrogeology; lineament; pumping; semiarid region; stress field; tectonics; transmissivity; water supply; water yield; Limpopo; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863208880	On the performance modeling of outage probability in CDMA wireless networks	Ekpenyong M.E., Eromosele G., Isabona J.	2011	Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review	4	2	None	Dep. of Computer Scienc, University of Uyo, PMB. 1017 520003, Uyo, Nigeria; Dep. of Basic Science, Benson Idahosa University, PMB 1100, Benin City, Nigeria	Ekpenyong, M.E., Dep. of Computer Scienc, University of Uyo, PMB. 1017 520003, Uyo, Nigeria; Eromosele, G., Dep. of Computer Scienc, University of Uyo, PMB. 1017 520003, Uyo, Nigeria; Isabona, J., Dep. of Basic Science, Benson Idahosa University, PMB 1100, Benin City, Nigeria	Outage probability is a key performance measure for real time traffic in wireless networks and is often considered as more critical than drop call probability. In this paper, we study the outage probability in a wireless mobile environment, where the interferers are distributed on the ground. Taking into consideration the background noise and the cell radius, we formulate an outage probability model coupled with observed data from Airtel Nigeria formally Zain Communications Limited, a Telecommunication company operating in Nigeria and simulate the system's performance using the Java programming language. We also present a geographical information system (GIS) solution showing the distribution of signal outages at various base stations in Akwa Ibom State (East region) of Nigeria for observed and simulated data. A performance evaluation of these data reveals that our model could greatly improve the system's performance. The results obtained allow us to study the stability of the network and evaluate the network in a more efficient and accurate manner. © 2011 Kavala Institute of Technology.	Co-channel interference; Signal outage; Spatial traffic; Spectral efficiency	Background noise; CDMA wireless networks; Cell radius; Drop call probability; Geographical information systems; Nigeria; Observed data; Outage probability; Performance evaluation; Performance measure; Performance Modeling; Real time traffics; Simulated data; Spectral efficiencies; System's performance; Telecommunication companies; Wireless mobile environments; Geographic information systems; Spectrum analyzers; Wireless networks; Probability	None
WoS	WOS:000204015300006	The impact of Internet usage: A case study of Delta State (Nigeria) tertiary institutions	Ekruyota, G. O.,Oroke, G. U.,Ureigho, R. J.	2006	SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND ESSAYS	1	2	None	Delta State Polytechn	None	The Internet is one of the greatest recent advancement in the world of information technology and has become a useful instrument that has fostered the process of making the world a global village. However, despite the added benefits of the Internet to learning, teaching and research, there is no provision of effective Internet services in most of the tertiary institutions in Delta State. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the Internet for learning, teaching and research in institutions of higher learning in Delta State. Questionnaires were administered to students and staff in four tertiary institutions within the State. The results from the analysis of the responses showed that students and staff use Internet mainly for on-line chatting (24.89%) and e-mail (24.16%). The use of Internet as a source of research materials ranked third (23.21%). This study concludes that research would significantly improve through proper enlightenment, formal training on the use of Internet and provision of effective Internet services in tertiary institutions in Delta State.	E-MAIL,INSTITUTIONS,INTERNET,RESEARCH	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960928987	Impact of information computer technology on primary health care services to rural communities in niger delta region of nigeria	Anie S.O.	2011	Library Philosophy and Practice	2011	MAY	None	Delta State Polytechnic, Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria	Anie, S.O., Delta State Polytechnic, Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria	[No abstract available]	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860420828	The impact of gender on the use of the digital library at the University of Ibadan	Anie S.O.	2011	Library Philosophy and Practice	2011	JULY	None	Delta State Polytechnic, Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria	Anie, S.O., Delta State Polytechnic, Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria	[No abstract available]	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904088064	Job motivation, job performance and gender relations in the broadcast sector in Nigeria	Ufuophu-Biri E., Iwu C.G.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	16	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n16p191	Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria; Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa	Ufuophu-Biri, E., Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria; Iwu, C.G., Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa	Within management scholarship, a common link has been established between motivation and job performance. This is based on the argument that high job motivation will likely lead to high job performance. Also, studies have argued that gender seems to play a significant role in employees' job motivation and job performance in some professions, especially in developing countries. Therefore determining if gender has any association to job motivation and performance in the broadcast sector in Delta State of Nigeria could lead to improvements in the workplace that will help broadcast staff to remain satisfied with their jobs. This was based on previous research that has linked job motivation and job performance to organisational commitment, turnover intentions and absenteeism. Data for this study was collected with the help of a questionnaire, which contained closed-ended, open-ended and Likert scaled questions. The sample of 600 respondents was selected through a multi-stage sampling procedure.The study found no significant correlation between gender and job motivation and job performance respectively.	Delta State; Digital broadcasting tools; Job motivation; Job performance; Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899149723	Prevalence, impacts and medical managements of premenstrual syndrome among female students: Cross-sectional study in college of health sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia	Tolossa F.W., Bekele M.L.	2014	BMC Women's Health	14	1	10.1186/1472-6874-14-52	Dembidolo Hospital, Wellega, Ethiopia; College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, P.O.Box: 138, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia	Tolossa, F.W., Dembidolo Hospital, Wellega, Ethiopia; Bekele, M.L., College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, P.O.Box: 138, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia	Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is used to describe physical, cognitive, affective, and behavioral symptoms that occur cyclically during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and resolve quickly at or within a few days of the onset of menstruation. The primary aim of the study was to assess the prevalence, impacts and medical managements of PMS on female medical students of Mekelle University College of Health Sciences.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among systematically selected female students of Mekelle University College of Health Sciences, Mekelle town, northern Ethiopia from March to April 2013. A structured and pretested self-administered questionnaire was employed for data collection. The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL (SPSS version 16). The criteria proposed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, text revision (DSM-IV TR) were used to diagnose PMS.Result: From the total population size of 608; a sample size of 258 was drawn. Age of the study participants ranged from 18 to 25 years, with mean age of 20.86 ± 1.913 years. Among the participants, 144(83.2%) have had at least one PM symptoms with their menstrual period. The prevalence of PMS according to DSM-IV was 37.0%. About 49(28.3%) reported frequent class missing, 17(9.8%) exam missing, 14(8.1%) low grade scoring and 3(1.7%) of them reported withdrawal from their learning associated with their PMS. Only 83(48.0%) participants sought medical treatment for their PMS. The treatment modalities used were pain killers, 63(36.4%), hot drinks like coffee and tea, 13(7.5%), and massage therapy and exercise, 7(4.0%). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed average length of one cycle of menstruation (COR = 0.20(0.070-0.569) and academic performance impairment (AOR = 0.345(0.183-0.653) were significantly associated with the diagnosis of PMS and use of PMS treatments respectively.Conclusions: Our study revealed a high prevalence and negative impact of PMS on students of Mekelle University. Therefore, health education, appropriate medical treatment and counseling services, as part of the overall health service, should be availed and provided to affected women. © 2014 Tolossa and Bekele licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Female students; Impacts; Medical management; PMS; Prevalence	contraceptive agent; abdominal cramp; academic achievement; adult; anger; article; backache; bloating; breast tenderness; coffee; concentration loss; cross-sectional study; depression; DSM-IV-TR; dyspnea; Ethiopia; female; headache; human; learning; major clinical study; massage; medical school; medical student; menstrual cycle; population size; premenstrual syndrome; prevalence; questionnaire; self report; sleep disorder; tea; vomiting; weakness; weight gain; weight reduction; Adult; Analgesics; Coffee; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethiopia; Exercise Therapy; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Massage; Premenstrual Syndrome; Prevalence; Quality of Life; Questionnaires; Severity of Illness Index; Students; Tea; Universities; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930002990	Performance evaluation of a membraneless divergent electrode-flow-through (DEFT) alkaline electrolyser based on optimisation of electrolytic flow and electrode gap	Gillespie M.I., Van Der Merwe F., Kriek R.J.	2015	Journal of Power Sources	293	None	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.05.077	Demcotech Engineering, P.O. Box 9624, Edenglen, South Africa; Electrochemistry for Energy and Environment Group, Research Focus Area: Chemical Resource Beneficiation (CRB), North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Gillespie, M.I., Demcotech Engineering, P.O. Box 9624, Edenglen, South Africa; Van Der Merwe, F., Electrochemistry for Energy and Environment Group, Research Focus Area: Chemical Resource Beneficiation (CRB), North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Kriek, R.J., Electrochemistry for Energy and Environment Group, Research Focus Area: Chemical Resource Beneficiation (CRB), North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa	A membraneless divergent electrode-flow-through (DEFT) alkaline electrolysis design and operating principle is investigated, which allows for the ohmic drop contribution and performance threshold limitations of a conventional membrane barrier to be overcome. Employing mesh electrodes of 30 mm diameter, operation of the electrolyser at an electrolytic flow velocity of 0.075-0.1 m s-1, resulted in an optimal electrode gap of ∼2.5 mm, while operating at greater velocities (>0.1-0.2 m s-1) allows for the employment of a smaller optimal gap of ∼0.8 mm. At an electrode gap of 2.5 mm and current densities of 3500 mA cm-2, hydrogen purity of 99.83% has been recorded. With pure nickel electrodes current densities of 101.19 mA cm-2 (at 1.80 VDC) and 326.33 mA cm-2 (at 2 VDC) have been achieved, while the use of superior catalysts, namely, RuO<inf>2</inf>/IrO<inf>2</inf>/TiO<inf>2</inf> and Pt for the anode and cathode respectively, resulted in the current densities to increase to 219.99 mA cm-2 (at 1.8 VDC) and 474.40 mA cm-2 (at 2 VDC) at an electrode gap of 2.5 mm and a minimum flow velocity of 0.075 m s-1. The test rig is capable of generating hydrogen at a rate of 63.6 L/hr at normal temperature and pressure (NTP). The production rate follows current density linearly at high overpotentials. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Alkaline water electrolysis; Hydrogen production; Membraneless	Current density; Electrolysis; Flow velocity; Hydrogen; Hydrogen production; Alkaline electrolysis; Alkaline water electrolysis; Membraneless; Normal temperature and pressures; Operating principles; Optimal electrodes; Superior catalysts; Threshold limitation; Electrodes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881303266	The impact and effectiveness of transparency and accountability initiatives: Freedom of information	Calland R., Bentley K.	2013	Development Policy Review	31	S1	10.1111/dpr.12020	Democratic Governance and Rights Unit (DGRU), University of Cape Town, South Africa; DGRU, South Africa	Calland, R., Democratic Governance and Rights Unit (DGRU), University of Cape Town, South Africa, DGRU, South Africa; Bentley, K., Democratic Governance and Rights Unit (DGRU), University of Cape Town, South Africa, DGRU, South Africa	Analysis of the impact and effectiveness of Freedom of Information (FOI) legislation has been hampered by lack of systematic evidence and conceptual confusion about what kind of right it represents. This article discusses some of the main conceptual parameters of FOI theory, before reviewing the available evidence from a range of studies. It presents case studies of civil-society activism on FOI in India and South Africa to illustrate the extent to which access to information is having an impact, in particular on socio-economic conditions. After reviewing the range of approaches used, it concludes that the academic community and the FOI community of practice need to come together to devise robust and rigorous methodologies. © 2013 Overseas Development Institute.	Access to information; Effectiveness; Freedom of information; Impact	accountability; civil society; conceptual framework; socioeconomic conditions; India; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33746660810	Demographic impact of HIV/AIDS on the young and elderly populations in South Africa	Udjo E.O.	2006	Journal of Intergenerational Relationships	4	2	10.1300/J194v04n02_03	Demography Unit in the Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS, Health Program, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa	Udjo, E.O., Demography Unit in the Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS, Health Program, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa	Concomitant to demographic transition from high to low fertility and mortality is the structural change from a youthful to an ageing population. The change raises, among others, intergenerational demographic, economic and social issues, some of which have been perceived as problems. The HIV/AIDS epidemic poses additional challenges to policy makers in the provision of personal care and financial support as it may alter intergenerational relationships in the demand for services in transitional populations. The first HIV/AIDS case in South Africa was reported in 1981. Since then, HIV sero-prevalence as measured by women attending antenatal clinics has steadily increased in the country, and currently South Africa is one of the highest HIV prevalent countries in the world and in the African continent with sero-prevalence of 29.5% among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in 2004. In 2002, the Nelson Mandela Funds in collaboration with the Human Sciences Research Council carried out a national HIV prevalence, behavioural risks and mass media household survey. Only a few countries in the world have carried out such a national HIV prevalence survey. As an insight into the magnitude of some of the intergenerational relationships regarding HIV/AIDS, this study attempts to examine the demographic impact of HIV/AIDS on the young and elderly populations in South Africa's four main population groups (Africans, Coloureds, Indians and Whites). The study utilizes various national survey/census data, administrative records and HIV sero-prevalence data. The analysis is based on the cohort component method. The results show that demographic transition in South Africa has resulted in changes in the growth and structural characteristics of the population. Some of the results indicate that some of the changes are in opposite directions among the young and the elderly. AIDS compounds some of the trends. The changes have policy implications for intergenerational demands for services and relationships. © 2006 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.	Demographic impact of HIV/AIDS; HIV prevalence survey; Intergenerational relationships	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054112742	Evaluation of post-operative sensitivity and secondary caries in posterior composite restorations: A12month study	Agbaje L.O., Shaba O.P., Adegbulugbe I.C.	2010	Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice	13	4	None	Dental Department, Lagos General Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Agbaje, L.O., Dental Department, Lagos General Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria; Shaba, O.P., Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Adegbulugbe, I.C., Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Objective: To evaluate post-operative sensitivity and secondary caries associated with posterior composite restoration. Materials and Methods: The study involved restoration of occlusal andproximo-occlusal caries on premolars and molars of 62 patients seen at the out-patient clinic of the restorative department of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. The restorations were completed with a micro-hybrid light curing resin composite (Unolux BCS, UnoDent, England). Following total etch procedure and use of a type 2 (5th generation/one-bottle) adhesive. The USPHSC or modified Ryge criteria was employed for direct evaluation of the restorations over the 12 month period. Results: Post-operative sensitivity was 3.5% Bravo at baseline and 1.7% Bravo at 12 months. No significant change in result was recorded for post-operative sensitivity at the end of the evaluation period. 100% was recorded for the absence of secondary caries throughout the evaluation period up till the 6th month when a failed restoration scored 1.7% Bravo. At 12 months Alpha scores for secondary caries was 98.3%. Conclusion: Post-operative sensitivity was kept to a minimum and there were no occurrences of secondary caries.	Composite Restoration; Posterior Teeth; Sensitivity	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054102848	Evaluation of the mechanical and physical properties of a posterior resin composite in posterior adult teeth	Agbaje L.O., Shaba O.P., Adegbulugbe I.C.	2010	Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice	13	4	None	Dental Department, Lagos General Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Agbaje, L.O., Dental Department, Lagos General Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria; Shaba, O.P., Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Adegbulugbe, I.C., Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Objective: To evaluate the mechanical and physical properties of a micro-hybrid resin composite used in adult posterior restorations Materials and Methods: A micro-hybrid, light curing resin composite Unolux BCS Composite Restorative, (UnoDent, England) was used to restore 74 carious classes I and II cavities on posterior teeth of 62 adult patients. The restorations were evaluated immediately following placement (Baseline), at 1 week, 3months, 6months and 12months using the United States Public Health Service Criteria/Modified Ryge criteria for direct evaluation. Color matching, marginal stains and adaptation, wear and surface texture were evaluated. Ranging from best to the worst, the ratings were, Alfa, Bravo and Charlie. Results: 58 restorations were available for review at the 12th month evaluation, 15 patients bearing 21.6% of the restorations were lost to recall. Colour match scores were 89.6% Alpha at baseline and 74.1% at 12-month review. Marginal staining were 100% Alpha at baseline and 98.3% Alpha at the end of the evaluation period. Marginal adaptation at baseline was 100% Alpha this value dropped to 94.8% by the 12th month. Anatomical wear scores were 100% Alpha at baseline and scores dropped to 93.1% at the 12-month evaluation. At baseline, Alpha scores for Surface texture were 100%. A drop in Alpha scores to 93.1% at the first week review was maintained till the 12 month. Conclusion: Carefully controlled placement of micro-hybrid resin composite using the total etch and type 2 (one-bottle) adhesive can produce satisfactory posterior restorations on permanent teeth.	Composite adult teeth; Evaluation; Posterior resin; Properties	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547635772	Field evaluation of Cavendish banana cultivars propagated either by suckers or by tissue culture, over six crop cycles in the tropics	Fonsah E.G., Adamu C.A., Okole B.N., Mullinix B.G.	2007	Fruits	62	4	10.1051/fruits:2007016	Dep. Agric. Appl. Econom., Univ. Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, United States; Del Monte Fresh Produce SARL, BP 13275, Douala, Cameroon; LifeLab. (ECoBio Innovation Centre), PO Box 30603, Mayville 4058, Durban KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; University of Georgia, Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793-0748, United States	Fonsah, E.G., Dep. Agric. Appl. Econom., Univ. Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, United States; Adamu, C.A., Del Monte Fresh Produce SARL, BP 13275, Douala, Cameroon; Okole, B.N., LifeLab. (ECoBio Innovation Centre), PO Box 30603, Mayville 4058, Durban KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Mullinix, B.G., University of Georgia, Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793-0748, United States	Introduction. Bananas are traditionally propagated by suckers: nevertheless, the advantage of using tissue-cultured plants for banana production has been demonstrated in recent years. Despite the large-scale use of micropropagated plants in the subtropical regions, little information is available on the performance of these crops in tropical countries. So we compared the yield potential of some Cavendish banana cultivars propagated either by traditional suckers or by tissue culture. Materials and methods. A randomized complete block experiment was established in a commercial plantation in Cameroon to compare the performance of three tissue-cultured banana plants of Grand Nain, Williams and Zelig cultivars and two conventionally-propagated plants of Grand Nain and Williams. Morphological, phenological and yield component data were collected for six crop cycles. Results. All the plants grew vigorously and produced quality exportable fruits. However, the tissue-cultured plants consistently produced heavier bunches and higher yields than the conventionally-propagated plants. The highest yields (65.92 t·ha -1 for Grand Nain, 64.60 t·ha-1 for Williams and 65.58 t·ha-1 for Zelig) were obtained for the tissue-cultured plants in the third crop cycle compared with 51.43 t·ha-1 and 59.02 t·ha-1 obtained for the traditionally-propagated Grand Nain and Williams plants, respectively. There were no significant yield differences between the plants of different origin in the second and fourth cycles, respectively. However, the tissue-cultured Williams and Zelig plants outperformed the other plants in the sixth crop cycle. Conclusion. The tissue-cultured plants of the three Cavendish cultivars studied performed better than the plants resulting from conventional suckers. The best cultivar for commercial plantation used, that is located in a tropical environment, was Williams. In general, to obtain an optimum benefit, we would recommend the use of tissue-cultured plants over a period of 6-7 years with good management practices. © 2007 Cirad/EDP Sciences. All rights reserved.	Cameroon; Micropropagation; Musa; Plant propagation; Propagation materials; Ratooning; Varieties; Yields	Musa; Musa acuminata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38949167735	Performance of vernonia as an alternative industrial oil crop in Limpopo Province of South Africa	Shimelis H., Mashela P.W., Hugo A.	2008	Crop Science	48	1	10.2135/cropsci2007.06.0331	Dep. of Plant Production, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Dep. of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, Univ. of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Shimelis, H., Dep. of Plant Production, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Mashela, P.W., Dep. of Plant Production, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Hugo, A., Dep. of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, Univ. of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Vernonia (Vernonia galamensis) is an industrial oil seed crop with potential as a source of natural epoxy fatty acids. Diverse accessions of V. galamensis var. ethiopica were studied at the Limpopo Province in South Africa to determine agronomic performance and to identify suitable germplasm with quantity and quality seed oil content. Thirty-six accessions were subjected to field evaluations using a partially balanced lattice design in 2005 and 2006. Significant differences were observed for days to flowering (88-143 d), plant height (131.6-167.85 cm), number of productive primary head (23-72 head plant-1), number of productive secondary head (12-35 head plant -1), thousand seed weight (1.68-3.63 g), and seed yield (1594.89-3126.09 kg ha-1) between different accessions. Results from oil analysis show significant differences in the contents of seed oil (20.36-35.86%), vernolic acid (70.15-77.92%), linoleic acid (12.05-14.73%), oleic acid (3.72-5.52%), palmitic acid (2.49-3.24%), and stearic acid (1.73-3.28%). Of the five accessions identified as potentially useful, three (Vge-17, Vge-18, and Vge-19) had better seed yield and agronomic performances and two (Vge-4 and Vge-31) increased contents of seed oil and vemolic acid. Accessions Vge-4 and Vge-18 also displayed relatively high oil yield, 966.58 and 801.28 kg ha-1, respectively. The accessions will be used in the strategic improvement of vernonia to maximize seed yield and oil content as an alternative crop in the province and similar environments. © Crop Science Society of America.	None	Vernonia; Vernonia galamensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859819106	Measuring the impact of trade finance on country trade flows: A South African perspective	Kohler M., Saville A.	2011	South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences	14	4	None	Deparment of Economics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Gordon Institute of Business Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Kohler, M., Deparment of Economics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Saville, A., Gordon Institute of Business Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Trade finance (or short-term credit) plays a crucial role in facilitating international trade yet is particularly vulnerable to financial crises as banks increase the pricing on all trade finance transactions to cover increased funding costs and higher credit risks. Whereas South Africa's financial institutions largely managed to strengthen their capital positions during the global financial crisis, the country's trade flows and access to capital (in particular trade finance and its costs) were hard hit by the crisis. Little is known about the extent of shortages or 'gaps' in trade finance and the impact of this on South Africa's recent trade performance. Whilst our research recognises that access to trade finance is not the main cause of South Africa's trade contraction, our research suggests that all else equal, a one percentage point increase in the interbank lending rate of our trade partner could reduce exports by approximately ten per cent.	Crisis; Exports; Trade finance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953725149	Evaluation of the 137Cs activity-depth profiles by the diffusion-convection model	Ajayi I.R., Raji A.T.	2010	International Journal of Physical Sciences	5	2	None	Deparment of Physics and Electronics, Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria; Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Ajayi, I.R., Deparment of Physics and Electronics, Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria; Raji, A.T., Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, South Africa	The diffusion-convection model of 137Cs transport has been used to evaluate the activity-depth profiles of soils in southwestern Nigeria in this study. The experimentally determined depth profiles were fitted into the diffusion-convection equation to obtain the diffusion coefficient D and the convective velocity u. Results obtained showed that the range of the diffusion coefficient was 0.72 - 1.02 cm2 per year while that of the convective velocity was from 0.07 to 0.16 cm per year. It was observed that the diffusion coefficient is higher than the convective velocity in all the sampling points. The low convective velocities obtained in all the locations may imply that convective rates of the radionuclide within the soil layers are insignificant compared to the diffusion rates. © 2010 Academic Journals.	137Cs activity; Convective velocity; Diffusion coefficient; Radionuclide; Soil depth	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745466544	Evaluation of nematicidal action of some botanicals on Meloidogyne incognita in vivo and in vitro	Agbenin N.O., Emechebe A.M., Marley P.S., Akpa A.D.	2005	Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics	106	1	None	Depart. of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; International Institute for Tropical Agriculture, Kano Station, Nigeria	Agbenin, N.O., Depart. of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Emechebe, A.M., International Institute for Tropical Agriculture, Kano Station, Nigeria; Marley, P.S., Depart. of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Akpa, A.D., Depart. of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Eggmasses or larvae of Meloidogyne incognita were exposed to varying concentrations of neem leaf (fresh and dry), Borelia sp., groundnut leaf and garlic bulb. Neem leaf and garlic bulb extracts inhibited hatching of eggmasses and were lethal to larva. A comparative study of neem and garlic bulb extracts prepared at 20% concentration and applied weekly at 25 ml per pot were carried out in the screenhouse. Each pot filled with 2 kg of pasturised soil was inoculated with 2 000 larvae of M. incognita by introducing 500 g of infested soil from tomato culture raised in the screenhouse. These extracts significantly reduced root-knot infection indices on tomato when compared to the control. However, garlic extract demonstrated greater potential than neem leaf extract in the control of root-knot infection of tomato in vivo.	Borelia sp.; Botanicals; Extracts; Garlicbulb; Meloidogyne incognita; Neem leaf	Allium sativum; Arachis hypogaea; Azadirachta indica; Lycopersicon esculentum; Meloidogyne incognita	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84944909807	Impacts of Carpobrotus edulis (L.) N.E.Br. on the germination, establishment and survival of native plants: A clue for assessing its competitive strength	Novoa A., Gonzalez L.	2014	PLoS ONE	9	9	10.1371/journal.pone.0107557	Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias Do Solo, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain; Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Novoa, A., Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias Do Solo, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain, Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Gonzalez, L., Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias Do Solo, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain	Does Carpobrotus edulis have an impact on native plants? How do C. edulis' soil residual effects affect the maintenance of native populations? What is the extent of interspecific competition in its invasion process? In order to answer those questions, we established pure and mixed cultures of native species and C. edulis on soil collected from invaded and native areas of Mediterranean coastal dunes in the Iberian Peninsula. We examined the impact of the invader on the germination, growth and survival of seeds and adult plants of two native plant species (Malcolmia littorea (L.) R.Br, and Scabiosa atropurpurea L.) growing with ramets or seeds of C. edulis. Residual effects of C. edulis on soils affected the germination process and early growth of native plants in different ways, depending on plant species and density. Interspecific competition significantly reduced the germination and early growth of native plants but this result was soil, density, timing and plant species dependent. Also, at any density of adult individuals of C. edulis, established native adult plants were not competitive. Moreover, ramets of C. edulis had a lethal effect on native plants, which died in a short period of time. Even the presence of C. edulis seedlings prevents the recruitment of native species. In conclusion, C. edulis have strong negative impacts on the germination, growth and survival of the native species M. littorea and S. Atropurpurea. These impacts were highly depended on the development stages of native and invasive plants. Our findings are crucial for new strategies of biodiversity conservation in coastal habitats. © 2014 Novoa, Gonzá lez. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.	None	adult; adult plant; conservation biology; developmental stage; germination; habitat; human; human cell; interspecific competition; mixed cell culture; native species; ramet; Scabiosa; seedling; soil; angiosperm; Brassicaceae; environmental protection; introduced species; physiology; plant seed; Southern Europe; soil; Angiosperms; Brassicaceae; Conservation of Natural Resources; Germination; Introduced Species; Mediterranean Region; Seeds; Soil	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886929268	Vegetation change (1988-2010) in Camdeboo National Park (South Africa), using fixed-point photo monitoring: The role of herbivory and climate	Masubelele M.L., Hoffman M.T., Bond W., Burdett P.	2013	Koedoe	55	1	10.4102/koedoe.v55i1.1127	Department Botany, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Camdeboo National Park, Graaff-Reinet, South Africa	Masubelele, M.L., Department Botany, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Hoffman, M.T., Department Botany, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Bond, W., Department Botany, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Burdett, P., Camdeboo National Park, Graaff-Reinet, South Africa	Fixed-point photo monitoring supplemented by animal census data and climate monitoring potential has never been explored as a long-term monitoring tool for studying vegetation change in the arid and semi-arid national parks of South Africa. The long-term (1988-2010), fixed-point monitoring dataset developed for the Camdeboo National Park, therefore, provides an important opportunity to do this. Using a quantitative estimate of the change in vegetation and growth form cover in 1152 fixed-point photographs, as well as series of step-point vegetation surveys at each photo monitoring site, this study documented the extent of vegetation change in the park in response to key climate drivers, such as rainfall, as well as land use drivers such as herbivory by indigenous ungulates. We demonstrated the varied response of vegetation cover within three main growth forms (grasses, dwarf shrubs [< 1 m] and tall shrubs [> 1 m]) in three different vegetation units and landforms (slopes, plains, rivers) within the Camdeboo National Park since 1988. Sites within Albany Thicket and Dwarf Shrublands showed the least change in vegetation cover, whilst Azonal vegetation and Grassy Dwarf Shrublands were more dynamic. Abiotic factors such as drought and flooding, total annual rainfall and rainfall seasonality appeared to have the greatest influence on growth form cover as assessed from the fixed-point photographs. Herbivory appeared not to have had a noticeable impact on the vegetation of the Camdeboo National Park as far as could be determined from the rather coarse approach used in this analysis and herbivore densities remained relatively low over the study duration. Conservation implications: We provided an historical assessment of the pattern of vegetation and climatic trends that can help evaluate many of South African National Parks' biodiversity monitoring programmes, especially relating to habitat change. It will help arid parks in assessing the trajectories of vegetation in response to herbivory, climate and management interventions. © 2013. The Authors.	None	environmental modeling; environmental monitoring; growth response; herbivory; quantitative analysis; shrub; vegetation cover; vegetation dynamics; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920111703	Identifying talented young soccer players: Conditional, anthropometrical and physiological characteristics as predictors of performance	Bidaurrazaga-Letona I., Lekue J.A., Amado M., Santos-Concejero J., Gil S.M.	2015	RICYDE: Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte	11	39	10.5232/ricyde2015.03906	Departamento de Educación Física y Deportiva, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Spain; Athletic Club Bilbao, País Vasco, Spain; Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Bidaurrazaga-Letona, I., Departamento de Educación Física y Deportiva, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Spain; Lekue, J.A., Athletic Club Bilbao, País Vasco, Spain; Amado, M., Athletic Club Bilbao, País Vasco, Spain; Santos-Concejero, J., Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Gil, S.M., Departamento de Educación Física y Deportiva, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Spain	The aim of this study was to provide the profile of elite young soccer players. Fifty-five players of the Under-14 category of Athletic Club Bilbao participated in this study. Players were classified into 4 playing positions: forwards (n=30), midfielders (n=15), defenders (n=37) and goalkeepers (n=15). Complete anthropometry, chronological age (CA), age at peak height velocity, 15-m sprint test, agility test, Yo-yo IT level 1 (Yo-yo IR1), counter-movement jump and hand dynamometry were measured. Results were transformed into z-scores and summed up to make two performance composites (SCORE and SCOREHG). One-way analysis of variance and a Bonferroni posthoc test were used to examine the differences between playing positions. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to estimate the contribution of independent variables to performance indicators. Significant differences were observed between playing positions in body mass and height (P<0.05); CA, maturity offset and muscle % (P<0.01); sum of skinfolds, fat %, endomorphy, sprint and agility tests (P<0.001). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that the CA and sum of skinfolds were the most important predictors of performance. Collectively, playing positions were characterised by specific anthropometrical characteristics whereas no significant positional differences were observed in performance. This study provides further insight concerning coaches' practice of selecting young soccer players because of physical advantages. However, other components like technical and tactical skills, cognitive and psychological factors may be important to excel in soccer.	Maturation; Position; Talent identification; Youth soccer	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902785679	Evaluation of a Standard Operating Procedure for providing Pharmacotherapy follow up to inpatients [Evaluación de un procedimiento para brindar seguimiento farmacoterapéutico a pacientes hospitalizados]	Reyes H. I., Cruzata Q. Y., Vidal B. M.F., Bermúdez C. I.B., Nambatya W., Perrand R. M.V., Dutok S. C.M.	2013	Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Farmaceuticas	44	1	None	Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad de Oriente, Venezuela; Hospital General Docente 'Octavio de la Concepción y la Pedraja, Cuba; Empresa Comercializadora de Medicamentos Santiago de Cuba, Cuba; Instituto de Farmacia y Alimentos, Universidad de la Habana, Cuba; Uganda Australia Christian Outreach, Busabala road nursing home, Uganda; Hospital Oncológico de Santiago de Cuba, Conrado Benítez, Cuba; Universidad de Oriente, Departamento de Farmacia, Venezuela	Reyes H., I., Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad de Oriente, Venezuela; Cruzata Q., Y., Hospital General Docente 'Octavio de la Concepción y la Pedraja, Cuba; Vidal B., M.F., Empresa Comercializadora de Medicamentos Santiago de Cuba, Cuba; Bermúdez C., I.B., Instituto de Farmacia y Alimentos, Universidad de la Habana, Cuba; Nambatya, W., Uganda Australia Christian Outreach, Busabala road nursing home, Uganda; Perrand R., M.V., Hospital Oncológico de Santiago de Cuba, Conrado Benítez, Cuba; Dutok S., C.M., Universidad de Oriente, Departamento de Farmacia, Venezuela	To evaluate a Standard Operating Procedure for Inpatient Pharmacotherapy follow up. We performed the procedure given criteria the Third Granada Consensus related to pharmaceutical care. The evaluation was conducted through Delphi methodology and using indicators to determinate the efficacy of the procedure in the practice. The procedure included: object, application, departments, reference documentation, definitions, process development, registers, indicators and annexes. Experts suggestions (Kendall coefficient 0,8) were considered to improve the procedure. The application in five hospitals, reached a performance index of more than80 points, in all institutions. The procedure can be used as a tool to provide in inpatients a Pharmacotherapy follow up service, due to, the acceptable Kendall index value (expert's evaluation) and efficacy in the practice.	Clinical pharmacy; Hospital pharmacy; Pharmaceutical care; Pharmacotherapy follow up; Quality indicators	article; Delphi study; drug use; follow up; hospital patient; human; medical documentation; performance; pharmaceutical care; procedures; program efficacy; standard operating procedure	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84890445442	Impact of caffeic acid addition on phenolic composition of tempranillo wines from different winemaking techniques	Aleixandre-Tudó J.L., Álvarez I., Lizama V., García M.J., Aleixandre J.L., Du Toit W.J.	2013	Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry	61	49	10.1021/jf402713d	Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa	Aleixandre-Tudó, J.L., Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Álvarez, I., Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Lizama, V., Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; García, M.J., Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Aleixandre, J.L., Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Du Toit, W.J., Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa	The effect of prefermentative and postfermentative caffeic acid (CFA) addition, prefermentative cold maceration, and a simulation of the micro-oxygenation technique through acetaldehyde addition on the phenolic and color composition of Tempranillo wines was investigated. Cold soaking and dry ice addition were performed as prefermentative techniques. Wines were analyzed after the end of the malolactic fermentation and after 6 and 12 months' storage. The results showed an important effect in wines to which CFA had been added, suggesting intramolecular copigmentation reactions through direct interaction between anthocyanins and free phenolic acids, thereby increasing the acylated anthocyanin fraction with an increase in color stability. The higher concentration of total phenols and lower hue values in CFA-added wines also contributed to the stability of these compounds during storage. Prefermentative cold maceration was shown to be influenced by the vintage. Phenolic acids, the acylated anthocyanin fraction, and total phenolics showed higher values in CFA-added and acetaldehyde-added wines. No differences were found in color density between the control wines and both the prefermentative and postfermentative CFA-added wines. However, a higher anthocyanin polymeric fraction and higher acylated anthocyanins, phenolic acids, and total phenols were observed in the CFA-added wines. The implications of this for the color stability of Tempranillo are also discussed. © 2013 American Chemical Society.	acetaldehyde addition; caffeic acid; cold soak; copigmentation; dry ice; Tempranillo	Caffeic acids; cold soak; Copigmentation; Dry ice; Tempranillo; Acetaldehyde; Acylation; Carbon dioxide; Color; Organic acids; Phenols; Refrigerants; Anthocyanins; anthocyanin; caffeic acid; caffeic acid derivative; food additive; phenol derivative; article; chemistry; color; evaluation study; fermentation; food handling; fruit; metabolism; methodology; microbiology; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Vitis; wine; Anthocyanins; Caffeic Acids; Color; Fermentation; Food Additives; Food Handling; Fruit; Phenols; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Vitis; Wine	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84931269184	Diversity of honey stores and their impact on pathogenic bacteria of the honeybee, Apis mellifera	Erler S., Denner A., Bobiş O., Forsgren E., Moritz R.F.A.	2014	Ecology and Evolution	4	20	10.1002/ece3.1252	Departamentul de Apicultură şi Sericicultură, Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Institut für Biologie, Molekulare Ökologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 4, Halle, Germany; Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7044, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Erler, S., Departamentul de Apicultură şi Sericicultură, Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Institut für Biologie, Molekulare Ökologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 4, Halle, Germany; Denner, A., Departamentul de Apicultură şi Sericicultură, Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Institut für Biologie, Molekulare Ökologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 4, Halle, Germany; Bobiş, O., Departamentul de Apicultură şi Sericicultură, Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Forsgren, E., Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7044, Uppsala, Sweden; Moritz, R.F.A., Departamentul de Apicultură şi Sericicultură, Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Institut für Biologie, Molekulare Ökologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 4, Halle, Germany, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Honeybee colonies offer an excellent environment for microbial pathogen development. The highest virulent, colony killing, bacterial agents are Paenibacillus larvae causing American foulbrood (AFB), and European foulbrood (EFB) associated bacteria. Besides the innate immune defense, honeybees evolved behavioral defenses to combat infections. Foraging of antimicrobial plant compounds plays a key role for this "social immunity" behavior. Secondary plant metabolites in floral nectar are known for their antimicrobial effects. Yet, these compounds are highly plant specific, and the effects on bee health will depend on the floral origin of the honey produced. As worker bees not only feed themselves, but also the larvae and other colony members, honey is a prime candidate acting as self-medication agent in honeybee colonies to prevent or decrease infections. Here, we test eight AFB and EFB bacterial strains and the growth inhibitory activity of three honey types. Using a high-throughput cell growth assay, we show that all honeys have high growth inhibitory activity and the two monofloral honeys appeared to be strain specific. The specificity of the monofloral honeys and the strong antimicrobial potential of the polyfloral honey suggest that the diversity of honeys in the honey stores of a colony may be highly adaptive for its "social immunity" against the highly diverse suite of pathogens encountered in nature. This ecological diversity may therefore operate similar to the well-known effects of host genetic variance in the arms race between host and parasite. © 2014 The Authors.	Paenibacillus larvae; American foulbrood; Antimicrobial activity; Disease ecology; European foulbrood; Host-parasite interaction; Self-medication	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870751723	Impact of the HIV infection on the evolution of tuberculosis among adult patient in Yaounde, Cameroon [Impact de l'infection à VIH sur l'évolution de la tuberculose de l'adulte à Yaoundé, Cameroun]	Yone É.W.P., Kuaban C., Kengne A.P.	2012	Revue de Pneumologie Clinique	68	6	10.1016/j.pneumo.2012.10.001	Département de médecine interne et spécialités, Faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales, Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Service de pneumologie, Hôpital Jamot de Yaoundé, BP 4021, Yaoundé, Cameroon; South African Medical research Council, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Yone, É.W.P., Département de médecine interne et spécialités, Faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales, Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon, Service de pneumologie, Hôpital Jamot de Yaoundé, BP 4021, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Kuaban, C., Département de médecine interne et spécialités, Faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales, Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon, Service de pneumologie, Hôpital Jamot de Yaoundé, BP 4021, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Kengne, A.P., South African Medical research Council, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Background: Tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection are two major public health problems in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HIV infection in all clinical forms of TB and investigate the effects of HIV status on the evolution of tuberculosis. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective study relating to the 1647 adult's tuberculous patients, HIV status was known in 1419 cases which were followed-up at the diagnosis and treatment center for tuberculosis of the Yaounde Jamot Hospital in 2009. Results: The prevalence of HIV infection was of 35% as a whole and 31.3%, 43.3% and 47.7% respectively for the smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis, smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Compared to HIV negative patients, HIV positive patients were older (36years versus 30years, P&lt;0.0001) and included more women (57.1% versus 37.3%, P=0.001). The treatment success rate was 79% in HIV negative patients and 69% among HIV positive ones. The equivalent for mortality rate was respectively 1.9% and 10.5% (both P&lt;0.001). In HIV positive patients, the death rate was 3.7% among those with CD4 above 200/mm3 and 13% among those with CD4 below 200/mm3 (P&lt;0.02). Conclusions: The HIV infection is frequent among adult patients with tuberculosis in this setting, particularly among patients with smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis or extrapulmonary tuberculosis. It is associated with a high mortality rate especially on patient with severe immunodeficiency in spite of the antiretroviral treatment and prophylaxis with the cotrimoxazole. © 2012.	Antituberculosis treatment; HIV infection; Outcome; Tuberculosis	antiretrovirus agent; CD4 antigen; cotrimoxazole; adult; age distribution; antibiotic prophylaxis; article; Cameroon; controlled study; disease association; disease severity; extrapulmonary tuberculosis; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immune deficiency; infection prevention; lung tuberculosis; major clinical study; male; mortality; prevalence; retrospective study; sex difference; smear; tuberculosis; Adult; Antitubercular Agents; Cameroon; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Tuberculosis; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884369563	Impact of retreatment with an artemisinin-based combination on malaria incidence and its potential selection of resistant strains: Study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial	Muhindo Mavoko H., Nabasumba C., Tinto H., D'Alessandro U., Grobusch M.P., Lutumba P., Van Geertruyden J.-P.	2013	Trials	14	1	10.1186/1745-6215-14-307	Département de Médecine Tropicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, B.P. 747 Kin XI, Democratic Republic Congo; Epicentre Mbarara Reasearch Base, P. O. Box 930, Mbarara, Uganda; Centre Muraz, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, P. O. Box 545, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, B-2000, Antwerp, Belgium; Medical Research Council, The Gambia Unit, P. O. Box 273, Banjul, Gambia; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands; International Health Unit, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium	Muhindo Mavoko, H., Département de Médecine Tropicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, B.P. 747 Kin XI, Democratic Republic Congo; Nabasumba, C., Epicentre Mbarara Reasearch Base, P. O. Box 930, Mbarara, Uganda; Tinto, H., Centre Muraz, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, P. O. Box 545, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; D'Alessandro, U., Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, B-2000, Antwerp, Belgium, Medical Research Council, The Gambia Unit, P. O. Box 273, Banjul, Gambia; Grobusch, M.P., Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Lutumba, P., Département de Médecine Tropicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, B.P. 747 Kin XI, Democratic Republic Congo; Van Geertruyden, J.-P., International Health Unit, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium	Background: Artemisinin-based combination therapy is currently recommended by the World Health Organization as first-line treatment of uncomplicated malaria. Recommendations were adapted in 2010 regarding rescue treatment in case of treatment failure. Instead of quinine monotherapy, it should be combined with an antibiotic with antimalarial properties; alternatively, another artemisinin-based combination therapy may be used. However, for informing these policy changes, no clear evidence is yet available. The need to provide the policy makers with hard data on the appropriate rescue therapy is obvious. We hypothesize that the efficacy of the same artemisinin-based combination therapy used as rescue treatment is as efficacious as quinine + clindamycin or an alternative artemisinin-based combination therapy, without the risk of selecting drug resistant strains.Design: We embed a randomized, open label, three-arm clinical trial in a longitudinal cohort design following up children with uncomplicated malaria until they are malaria parasite free for 4 weeks. The study is conducted in both the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda and performed in three steps. In the first step, the pre-randomized controlled trial (RCT) phase, children aged 12 to 59 months with uncomplicated malaria are treated with the recommended first-line drug and constitute a cohort that is passively followed up for 42 days. If the patients experience an uncomplicated malaria episode between days 14 and 42 of follow-up, they are randomized either to quinine + clindamycin, or an alternative artemisinin-based combination therapy, or the same first-line artemisinin-based combination therapy to be followed up for 28 additional days. If between days 14 and 28 the patients experience a recurrent parasitemia, they are retreated with the recommended first-line regimen and actively followed up for another 28 additional days (step three; post-RCT phase). The same methodology is followed for each subsequent failure. In any case, all patients without an infection at day 28 are classified as treatment successes and reach a study endpoint. The RCT phase allows the comparison of the safety and efficacy of three rescue treatments. The prolonged follow-up of all children until they are 28 days parasite-free allows us to assess epidemiological-, host- and parasite-related predictors for repeated malaria infection.Trial registration: NCT01374581 and PACTR201203000351114. © 2013 Muhindo Mavoko et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Artemether-lumefantrine; Artemisinin-based combination treatment; Artesunate-amodiaquine; Clindamycin; Democratic Republic of Congo; Malaria; Quinine; Randomized trial; Uganda	amodiaquine plus artesunate; artemether plus benflumetol; clindamycin; co arsucam; doxycycline; hemoglobin; quinamax; quinine; tetracycline; unclassified drug; winthrop; adverse outcome; article; body weight; child; childhood disease; clinical protocol; cohort analysis; Congo; controlled study; drug comparison; drug efficacy; drug safety; drug treatment failure; female; fever; follow up; genotype; hematological parameters; hemoglobin blood level; hospitalization; human; hypothesis; insurance; liver function; longitudinal study; major clinical study; malaria; malaria falciparum; male; monotherapy; multicenter study; multidrug resistance; open study; outcome assessment; parasite clearance; parasite incidence; parasitemia; pharmacoepidemiology; phase 3 clinical trial; Plasmodium; preschool child; randomized controlled trial; recurrent infection; reinfection; retreatment; treatment duration; tympanic temperature; Uganda; unspecified side effect; world health organization; Amodiaquine; Antimalarials; Artemisinins; Child, Preschool; Clindamycin; Clinical Protocols; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Drug Combinations; Drug Resistance; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ethanolamines; Female; Fluorenes; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Longitudinal Studies; Malaria, Falciparum; Male; Plasmodium falciparum; Quinine; Recurrence; Research Design; Retreatment; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-73449148719	Volatile compounds profile and sensory evaluation of Beninese condiments produced by inocula of Bacillus subtilis	Azokpota P., Hounhouigan J.D., Annan N.T., Odjo T., Nago M.C., Jakobsen M.	2010	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	90	3	10.1002/jsfa.3835	Département de Nutrition et Sciences Alimentaires, Faculté des Sciences, Agronomiques Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Food Research Institute, P.O. Box M-20, Accra, Ghana; Centre de Biométrie, de Statistique et d'Informatique Générale de la Faculte des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01BP526, Cotonou, Benin; Department of Food Science, Food Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DR-1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark	Azokpota, P., Département de Nutrition et Sciences Alimentaires, Faculté des Sciences, Agronomiques Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin; Hounhouigan, J.D., Département de Nutrition et Sciences Alimentaires, Faculté des Sciences, Agronomiques Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin; Annan, N.T., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Food Research Institute, P.O. Box M-20, Accra, Ghana; Odjo, T., Centre de Biométrie, de Statistique et d'Informatique Générale de la Faculte des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01BP526, Cotonou, Benin; Nago, M.C., Département de Nutrition et Sciences Alimentaires, Faculté des Sciences, Agronomiques Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin; Jakobsen, M., Department of Food Science, Food Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DR-1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark	BACKGROUND: Three Beninese food condiments (ABS124h, IBS248h and SBS348h) were produced by controlled fermentation of African locust beans using inocula of pure cultures of Bacillus subtilis,BS1,BS2andBS3,respectively.Quantitativeandqualitative assessments of the volatile compounds in the condiments produced have been performed using the Likens-Nickerson simultaneous distillation-extraction method and GC-MS analysis, followed by a sensory evaluation in comparison with the spontaneously fermented condiments. RESULTS:A total of 94 volatile compounds have been found including 53 compounds identified in relatively high concentrations and were subdivided into seven main groups with the predominance of four major groups: pyrazines, aldehydes, ketones and alcohols. Compared to the spontaneously fermented condiments, volatile compounds identified in controlled fermented condiments have been found in high number and in concentrations which varied according to the inoculum of B. subtilis used. The condiments produced with starter cultures scored significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher for odour than the spontaneously fermented condiments. But the overall acceptability (7/10) of the two types of condiments was similar. CONCLUSION: The investigated B.subtilis, BS1, BS2 and BS3 can be considered as potential starter cultures for the fermentation of African locust beans to produce good quality of Beninese food condiments. © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry.	Bacillus subtilis; Beninese condiments; Parkia biglobosa; Sensory evaluation; Starter cultures; Volatile compounds	plant extract; volatile organic compound; article; Bacillus subtilis; Benin; chemistry; condiment; distillation; fermentation; food control; legume; metabolism; microbiology; odor; plant seed; Bacillus subtilis; Benin; Condiments; Distillation; Fabaceae; Fermentation; Food Microbiology; Odors; Plant Extracts; Seeds; Volatile Organic Compounds; Bacillus subtilis; Parkia biglobosa; Parkia filicoidea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-35148850067	Population dynamics in a long-lived seabird: I. Impact of breeding activity on survival and breeding probability in unbanded king penguins	Bohec C.L., Gauthier-Clerc M., Grémillet D., Pradel R., Béchet A., Gendner J.-P., Maho Y.L.	2007	Journal of Animal Ecology	76	6	10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01268.x	Département d'Écologie, Physiologie et Éthologie, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Strasbourg, France; Centre de Recherche de la Tour du Valat, Arles, France; Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive, Montpellier, France; Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, NRF/DST Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; IPHC, 23 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France	Bohec, C.L., Département d'Écologie, Physiologie et Éthologie, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Strasbourg, France, IPHC, 23 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France; Gauthier-Clerc, M., Centre de Recherche de la Tour du Valat, Arles, France; Grémillet, D., Département d'Écologie, Physiologie et Éthologie, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Strasbourg, France, Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, NRF/DST Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Pradel, R., Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive, Montpellier, France; Béchet, A., Centre de Recherche de la Tour du Valat, Arles, France; Gendner, J.-P., Département d'Écologie, Physiologie et Éthologie, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Strasbourg, France; Maho, Y.L., Département d'Écologie, Physiologie et Éthologie, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Strasbourg, France	1. Understanding the trade-off between current reproductive effort, future survival and future breeding attempts is crucial for demographic analyses and life history studies. 2. We investigated this trade-off in a population of king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) marked individually with transponders using multistate capture-recapture models. 3. This colonial seabird species has a low annual proportion of non-breeders (13%), despite a breeding cycle which lasts over 1 year. To draw inferences about the consequences of non-breeding, we tested for an effect of reproductive activity on survival and on the probability of subsequent breeding. 4. We found that birds non-breeding in year t show the same survival rate as breeders (two-states analysis: breeding and non-breeding). However, breeders had a lower probability of breeding again the following year. This negative phenotypic correlation suggests the existence of reproductive costs affecting future breeding probability, but it might also be strengthened by late arrival for courtship in year t. 5. A three-state analysis including breeding success revealed that failed breeders in year t have a lower probability to reproduce successfully in year t + 1 than non-breeders in year t, providing some evidence for the existence of reproductive costs. Moreover, successful breeders showed higher survival probability. This positive phenotypic correlation between current reproduction and subsequent survival supports the hypothesis of an heterogeneity in individual quality. 6. Males breeding in year t had a lower probability to breed again in year t + 1 than females, suggesting higher reproductive costs for this sex. Such additional costs might be due to higher male parental investment in the final phase of chick-rearing, which also delays the arrival of males in year t + 1, and decreases their breeding probability. 7. Our study is the first to explore the breeding biology and the demography of penguins without the disturbance of flipper-bands. © 2007 The Authors.	Heterogeneity hypothesis; Intermittent breeding; Multistate mark-recapture models; Prudent parent hypothesis; Transponder tags	demographic survey; heterogeneity; mark-recapture method; population dynamics; reproductive biology; reproductive cost; reproductive cycle; reproductive effort; reproductive success; seabird; survival; tagging; trade-off; animal; Antarctica; article; breeding; female; male; methodology; mortality; penguin; physiology; population dynamics; probability; reproduction; sexual development; survival; time; Animals; Antarctic Regions; Breeding; Female; Male; Mortality; Population Dynamics; Probability; Reproduction; Sex Characteristics; Spheniscidae; Survival; Time Factors; Aptenodytes patagonicus; Aves; Spheniscidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867061211	A preliminary impact study of a university, school and private sector partnership project: Hope for disadvantaged students through mentorships [N Voorlopige impakstudie van 'n vennootskapsprojek tussen universiteit, skole en die privaat sektor: Hoop vir b	Le Cordeur M.	2012	Tydskrif vir Geesteswetenskappe	52	3	None	Departement Kurrikulumstudie (Afrikaans), Fakulteit Opvoedkunde, Universiteit Stellenbosch, South Africa	Le Cordeur, M., Departement Kurrikulumstudie (Afrikaans), Fakulteit Opvoedkunde, Universiteit Stellenbosch, South Africa	Successful access to higher education for black students in particular remains a challenge to all tertiary institutions in South Africa. This is the opinion of Prof. Russel Botman, Rector of Stellenbosch University (SU). It is therefore of concern that the SU strategic framework document (SU 2010a) states that the increase in our country's student population projected by the National Commission for Higher Education in 1997 (DBO 1997) has not been attained. This is in contrast with the University's vision for the future, which commits itself to an academic institution of excellence and a respected knowledge partner that contributes towards the development of South Africa and welcomes a diversity of people and ideas. But according to a report by the Centre for Higher Education Transformation (CHET) 1 little demographic transformation had occurred in respect of who participates in higher education. This is an indication that black students' chances of gaining access to university have in fact decreased. Despite this authorities continue to insist that the percentage of black students in public higher-education institutions be increased. The Ministry's vision is of a transformed, democratic, non-racial and non-sexist system of higher education that will promote equity of access and fair chances of success to all who are seeking to realise their potential through higher education (DBO 1997). The Vice-Rector of SU (Fourie 2009b:16) expands on this: "Besides the moral-ethical considerations, pressure is also being placed on universities by higher education policy to diversify their student and staff compositions and to remove measures that could exclude certain groupings". Stellenbosch University is thus under pressure to align its diversity profile with the transformation goals set by the government, as proclaimed in the White Paper on Higher Education of 1997. At the same time the University also experiences pressure from the broader community to answer to the call of alleviating poverty in disadvantaged communities (SU 2010a). However, the standard of teaching in previously disadvantaged schools in the surrounding areas is such that very few students qualify to further their studies at university level. The question therefore is what the University can do to draw students that will rise to these challenges. In his response the University announced a strategy referred to by the current vice-chancellor (Botman 2007) as a "pedagogy of hope". This seems to have been inspired by the neo-Marxist Brazilian educationalist Paulo Friere's publication Pedagogy of the oppressed (1970). According to this strategy the University will search for and exploit opportunities that will lead to "the farm owner's daughter and the farm worker's son sitting in the same class" (Botman 2007). This gave rise to initiatives such as the Rachel's Angels Schools Partnership Project, which is based on the principles of community interaction. 2 The project aims to build the capacity of promising students from disadvantaged communities with the aid of a mentorship programme. This will enable them to bridge the gap between school and university successfully. This article presents an overview of the project as well as a report on its impact. The educational theories which underpin the Rachel's Angels project can be considered to be constructivist in nature, founded upon a philosophy that is student centred and based on a view in which knowledge is not absolute, but is actively constructed by the student. The study aims to establish whether the project has achieved the desired outcomes. If employed successfully, SU will give effect to its transformation agenda, which includes increased participation by a diverse corps of students, willingness to react to social and economic needs and growing cooperation between higher education institutions and all sectors of society. The results of the impact study indicate that, despite growing pains, the project has already made a meaningful contribution in building the capacity of disadvantaged students. The implications for the University are to continuously engage in partnerships with previously disadvantaged schools in order to unlock the potential of disadvantaged students. Not only will it reflect positively on the University's diversity profile, but at the same time give meaning to the University's quest for a "pedagogy of hope".	Angels; Community interaction; Empowerment; Entrepreneurial skills; Mentoring; Mentors; Partnership in education; Protégé-mentee; Transformation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861182750	The effect of exogenous anabolic steroids on growth performance, testicular and seminal characteristics of yearling Boer goat bucks	Makae T., Greyling J.P.C., Schwalbach L.M.J., Raito M.B.	2012	Small Ruminant Research	105	42372	10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.03.005	Department Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Makae, T., Department Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Greyling, J.P.C., Department Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Schwalbach, L.M.J., Department Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Raito, M.B., Department Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	The effect of anabolic steroid treatment on young Boer goat bucks (12 months of age; mean body weight of 47.0 ± 3.8. kg) was investigated. Bucks were individually housed and randomly allocated to two treatment groups and fed a pelleted maintenance diet (8.5. MJ. ME/kg and 13% CP). Bucks in the first group (n= 9) received a weekly i.m. injection of 25. mg Deca-durabolin (testosterone) for a total period of 16 weeks. The remaining bucks (n= 10) served as the controls. At the end of the 16-week treatment phase an additional 12 week recovery monitoring phase (no treatment) was implemented. During the trial semen was collected (artificial vagina) weekly, where semen volume, colour, pH and sperm density and motility was recorded. The body parameters recorded weekly included body weight, scrotal circumference and volume. The body parameters found to be significantly (P< 0.05) affected by treatment with the anabolic steroid, was scrotal circumference and volume. This degeneration of the scrotal measurements was ascribed to the negative feedback system induced by the exogenous anabolic steroid treatment (androgenic effect). By the end of the recovery period, the difference in scrotal circumference and volume between the treatment groups had decreased to 7% - with the treated bucks still recording a significantly (P< 0.05) lower scrotal volume, compared to the control group (584.4 ± 87.3. ml vs 640.0 ± 81.0. ml respectively). Despite this reduction in scrotal circumference and volume none of the seminal parameters recorded in the trial (i.e. sperm motility, semen volume and pH, sperm concentration and percentage live sperm) were significantly affected by the steroid treatment. It would also seem as if the inhibitory effect of steroid treatment on testicular development was only temporary and that young males can recover, without any apparent loss in fertility, as measured by semen quality. The lack in body weight response could possibly be ascribed to the age of the animals and the relatively low energy content of the diet. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Anabolic steroids; Boer goat; Bucks; Scrotum parameters; Seminal characteristics	Animalia; Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953129061	Assessment of health impacts of vehicular pollution on occupationally exposed people in Lagos metropolis, Nigeria	Adeleke M.A., Bamgbose J.T., Oguntoke O., Itua E.O., Bamgbose O.	2011	Trace Elements and Electrolytes	28	2	10.5414/TEP28128	Department Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Adeleke, M.A., Department Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Bamgbose, J.T., Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Oguntoke, O., Department Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Itua, E.O., Department Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Bamgbose, O., Department Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	This study assessed the concentration of Nitrogen Oxide (NOx), Sulphur Oxide (SOx), Carbonmonoxide (CO), Benzene, Toluene, MP-Xylene and O-xylene (BTEX,) Total Suspended Particulate, (TSP) and Particulate Matter (PM; PM10 and PM2.5) in the ambient air at selected locations in Lagos, Nigeria. The health impact of these pollutants was investigated among exposed group of people (especially CarbonmonoxyHemoglobin (COHb), and pulmonary function). The health profile of the general populace was also examined for cases of ailments related to air pollution. The mean level of TSP was lowest at Unilag (130.6 ± 44.5 ug/m3) the control, while the highest concentration was measured at Mazamaza (1171.7 ± 355.1 ug/m3) throughout the study period. The CO level measured was in the order of Ikotun (3.40 ± 1.3 ppm) &gt; Ikeja (1.70 ± 0.4 ppm) &gt; Unilag (0.10 ± 0.0 ppm). Mean SO2 concentration ranged with a highest value at Oshodi (116.3 ± 27.3 ppb) to a lowest level at Unilag (9.40 ± 0.9 ppb) while the NO2 concentration ranged from a highest value of (138.6 ± 78.4 ppb) for Oshodi to a lowest value of (8.76 ± 3.0 ppb) for Unilag. The concentration of gaseous pollutants that are linked with cancers; benzene, Toluene, MP-Xylene and O-xylene showed the highest level at Mazamaza. At this location, the concentrations of the pollutants were in the order of 17.58 ± 8.8, 36.92 ± 19.6, 21.57 ± 10.5 and 8.03 ± 3.9 (ppb), respectively. On the other hand, Unilag had the lowest level of each of these pollutants (3.47 ± 3.84, 5.3 ± 6.0; 3.37 ± 3.4 and 1.27 ± 1.5 ppb). ANOVA result showed that each pollutant varied significantly among the selected locations (p &lt; 0.05). The broad-profile of diagnosed health problems among residents that visited public hospitals showed high prevalence of upper respiratory tract infection (45.3%) followed by asthma (18.9%), broncho-pneumonia (14.8%) and pneumonia (5.6%). Formore than 30% of the occupationally exposed, exposure had lasted 6 - 10 y, accounting for the higher concentration of CO (1.18 ± 0.43 ppm) in their breath compared to the control (0.63 ± 0.59 ppm). ©2011 Dustri-Verlag Dr. K. Feistle.	Air pollution; COHb; Health impact; Respiratory diseases; Vehicle emission	benzene; carbon monoxide; carboxyhemoglobin; nitrogen oxide; ortho xylene; sulfur oxide; toluene; xylene; acute sinusitis; adult; air pollution; air quality; article; asthma; bronchitis; bronchopneumonia; chronic bronchitis; controlled study; disease association; health hazard; human; lung function; major clinical study; neoplasm; Nigeria; obstructive airway disease; occupational exposure; particulate matter; pleura effusion; pneumonia; priority journal; suspended particulate matter; tonsillitis; upper respiratory tract infection	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-83455217933	Evaluating food safety training impact on food handlers in the food service industry	Ababio P.F.	2011	Food Science and Technology	25	4	None	Department for Design and Technology Education, University of Education Winneba, Kumasi Campus, P. O. Box 1277, Ghana	Ababio, P.F., Department for Design and Technology Education, University of Education Winneba, Kumasi Campus, P. O. Box 1277, Ghana	Sixty eight personnel in the food service in Kumasi in the Ashanti Region, Ghana, with varied educational and job experiences were given training on basic food hygiene. Personnel were divided into 4 groups and each group given 8 hours full day training. Topics for training were broadly on 'Food Hygiene', 'Personal Hygiene', 'An Introduction to National and International Food Legislation and how it affects the food handler', and 'Fitness at work based on International Food Standards'. Most participants had an average awareness in food hygiene; this included an appreciation of what could be considered food hazards, whether food hazards are preventable, those in charge of ensuring food safety, and why food handlers need to keep their food safe for their customers. The standard examination consisted of questions like differences between 'use by' and 'best before' dates, the temperature range considered as the danger zone, the appropriate storage temperatures for storing long and short shelf-life products in the freezer, chilling temperatures and how to handle high risk products.	None	Chilling temperatures; Food hazards; Food hygiene; Food legislation; Food services; Foodservice industry; Personal hygiene; Risk products; Safety training; Shelf life; Storage temperatures; Temperature range; Accident prevention; Food storage; Hazards; Personnel; Personnel training; Food safety	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942526399	Performance of high resolution satellite rainfall products over data scarce parts of eastern ethiopia	Gebere S.B., Alamirew T., Merkel B.J., Melesse A.M.	2015	Remote Sensing	7	9	10.3390/rs70911639	Department for Geology, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner-Str. 12, Freiberg, Germany; Water and Land Resource Centre, P.O. Box 3880, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Earth and Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States	Gebere, S.B., Department for Geology, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner-Str. 12, Freiberg, Germany; Alamirew, T., Water and Land Resource Centre, P.O. Box 3880, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Merkel, B.J., Department for Geology, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner-Str. 12, Freiberg, Germany; Melesse, A.M., Department of Earth and Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States	Accurate estimation of rainfall in mountainous areas is necessary for various water resource-related applications. Though rain gauges accurately measure rainfall, they are rarely found in mountainous regions and satellite rainfall data can be used as an alternative source over these regions. This study evaluated the performance of three high-resolution satellite rainfall products, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM 3B42), the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP_MVK+), and the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely-Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN) at daily, monthly, and seasonal time scales against rain gauge records over data-scarce parts of Eastern Ethiopia. TRMM 3B42 rain products show relatively better performance at the three time scales, while PERSIANN did much better than GSMaP. At the daily time scale, TRMM correctly detected 88% of the rainfall from the rain gauge. The correlation at the monthly time scale also revealed that the TRMM has captured the observed rainfall better than the other two. For Belg (short rain) and Kiremt (long rain) seasons, the TRMM did better than the others by far. However, during Bega (dry) season, PERSIANN showed a relatively good estimate. At all-time scales, noticing the bias, TRMM tends to overestimate, while PERSIANN and GSMaP tend to underestimate the rainfall. The overall result suggests that monthly and seasonal TRMM rainfall performed better than daily rainfall. It has also been found that both GSMaP and PERSIANN performed better in relatively flat areas than mountainous areas. Before the practical use of TRMM, the RMSE value needs to be improved by considering the topography of the study area or adjusting the bias. © 2015 by the authors.	GSMaP_MVK+; PERSIANN; Rain gauge; Satellite rainfall; TRMM 3B42	Gages; Neural networks; Precipitation (meteorology); Rain gages; Satellites; Soil moisture; Time measurement; Water resources; GSMaP_MVK; PERSIANN; Rain gauges; Satellite rainfalls; TRMM 3B42; Rain	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856638788	Impact of different malolactic fermentation inoculation scenarios on Riesling wine aroma	Knoll C., Fritsch S., Schnell S., Grossmann M., Krieger-Weber S., du Toit M., Rauhut D.	2012	World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology	28	3	10.1007/s11274-011-0917-x	Department Geisenheim, Hochschule RheinMain, University of Applied Sciences Wiesbaden Rüsselsheim Geisenheim, Von-Lade-Str. 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany; Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Geisenheim Research Center, Von-Lade-Str.1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany; Institute for Applied Microbiology Research Center for BioSystems, Land Use, and Nutrition (IFZ), Justus-Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Gießen, Germany; Lallemand, In der Seite 53, 70825 Korntal-Münchingen, Germany; Institute for Wine Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	Knoll, C., Department Geisenheim, Hochschule RheinMain, University of Applied Sciences Wiesbaden Rüsselsheim Geisenheim, Von-Lade-Str. 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Geisenheim Research Center, Von-Lade-Str.1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany; Fritsch, S., Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Geisenheim Research Center, Von-Lade-Str.1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany; Schnell, S., Institute for Applied Microbiology Research Center for BioSystems, Land Use, and Nutrition (IFZ), Justus-Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Gießen, Germany; Grossmann, M., Department Geisenheim, Hochschule RheinMain, University of Applied Sciences Wiesbaden Rüsselsheim Geisenheim, Von-Lade-Str. 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Geisenheim Research Center, Von-Lade-Str.1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany; Krieger-Weber, S., Lallemand, In der Seite 53, 70825 Korntal-Münchingen, Germany; du Toit, M., Institute for Wine Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Rauhut, D., Department Geisenheim, Hochschule RheinMain, University of Applied Sciences Wiesbaden Rüsselsheim Geisenheim, Von-Lade-Str. 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Geisenheim Research Center, Von-Lade-Str.1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany	During malolactic fermentation (MLF), lactic acid bacteria influence wine aroma and flavour by the production of volatile metabolites and the modification of aroma compounds derived from grapes and yeasts. The present study investigated the impact of different MLF inoculation strategies with two different Oenococcus oeni strains on cool climate Riesling wines and the volatile wine aroma profile. Four different timings were chosen for inoculation with bacteria to conduct MLF in a Riesling must/wine with a high acidity (pH 2. 9-3. 1). Treatments with simultaneous inoculation showed a reduced total fermentation time (alcoholic and malolactic) compared to the sequential inoculations. No negative impact of simultaneous alcoholic and malolactic fermentation on fermentation success and on the final wine volatile aroma composition was observed. Compared to sequential inoculation, wines with co-inoculation tended to have higher concentrations of ethyl and acetate esters, including acetic acid phenylethylester, acetic acid 3-methylbutylester, butyric acid ethylester, lactic acid ethylester and succinic acid diethylester. Results of this study provide some alternatives to diversify the number of wine styles by safely conducting MLF in low-pH, cool-climate white musts with potential high alcohol content. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Co-inoculation; Low pH wine; Malolactic fermentation; Oenococcus oeni; Volatile aroma	Alcohol contents; Aroma compounds; Co-inoculation; Cool climates; Ethyl esters; Lactic acid bacteria; Malolactic fermentation; Negative impacts; Oenococcus oeni; Succinic acids; Volatile aroma; Wine aromas; Acetic acid; Bacilli; Cobalt compounds; Lactic acid; Magnetic leakage; pH; Wine; Fermentation; malate dehydrogenase; malolactic enzyme; volatile organic compound; article; enzymology; fermentation; growth, development and aging; metabolism; microbiology; Oenococcus; wine; Fermentation; Industrial Microbiology; Malate Dehydrogenase; Oenococcus; Volatile Organic Compounds; Wine; Bacteria (microorganisms); Oenococcus oeni; Vitaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879701310	Information technology and the performance of accountants in the Nigerian oil and gas industry	Ogbonna G.N., Ebimobowei A.	2013	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	6	2	None	Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Department of Accounting, Faculty of Business Education, Bayelsa State College of Education Okpoama, Brass Island, Yenagoa, Nigeria	Ogbonna, G.N., Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Ebimobowei, A., Department of Accounting, Faculty of Business Education, Bayelsa State College of Education Okpoama, Brass Island, Yenagoa, Nigeria	This study investigates the effects of information technology on the performance of duties of Nigerian Accountants in the oil and gas industry. The 2 variables involved in the hypothesis tested are the performance of the duties of Nigerian Accountants which is the dependent variable and information technology which is the independent variable. The performance of the duties of Nigerian Accountants is operationally measured as the level of work performance assigned by primary data provided by 1423 respondents, where 347 accountants do not have any IT knowledge, 542 with minimal knowledge and 534 with sound IT knowledge and Z-test statistical tool was used to test the difference between 2 population means. Each respondent provided a pair of performance level for each group of Nigerian Accountants in oil and gas industry. The result shows that there is significant difference between the performance of duties of the Nigerian Accountants with IT knowledge and those without IT knowledge in the oil and gas industry. That is, those with IT knowledge perform better. It also shows that there is positive relationship between the performance of the duties of the Nigerian Accountants and IT. Based on these findings, the study concludes that IT exerts a great deal of impact on the performance of the duties of Nigerian Accountants and recommends that Nigerian Accountants should intensify their efforts in acquiring IT knowledge and skill, especially by method of on the-job IT training and re-training. The various oil and gas organizations and government where Nigerian Accountants work should as a matter of policy provide them with latest IT facilities that will improve their performance in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2013.	Accountants; Information technology; Nigeria; Oil and gas	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856860394	Evaluation of satellite-derived burned area products for the fynbos, a Mediterranean shrubland	De Klerk H.M., Wilson A.M., Steenkamp K.	2012	International Journal of Wildland Fire	21	1	10.1071/WF11002	Department Geography and Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Western Cape Nature Conservation Board, Scientific Services, P Bag x5014, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3043, United States; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Meraka Institute, PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	De Klerk, H.M., Department Geography and Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa, Western Cape Nature Conservation Board, Scientific Services, P Bag x5014, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; Wilson, A.M., Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3043, United States; Steenkamp, K., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Meraka Institute, PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Fire is a critical ecological process in the fynbos of the south-western area of South Africa, as it is for all dwarf Mediterranean shrublands. We evaluated the potential of current publicly available MODIS burned area products to contribute to an accurate fire history of the fynbos. To this end, we compared the Meraka Institute's MODIS burned area product, based on the Giglio algorithm (termed the 'WAMIS' product) as well as the standard MODIS MCD45A1 burned area product, based on the Roy algorithm, with comprehensive manager-mapped fire boundary data. We used standard inventory accuracy assessment (number and size of individual burn scars) and confusion matrix techniques. Results showed promise for both burned area products, depending on the intended use. The MCD45A1 had low errors of commission (8.1-19.1%) and high consumer's accuracy (80.9-91.9%), but relatively common errors of omission, making it useful for studies that need to identify burned pixels with a high degree of certainty. However, the WAMIS product generally had low errors of omission (12.2-43.8%) and greater producer's accuracy (56.2-87.6%), making it a useful tool for supplementing manager-mapped fire records, especially for fynbos remnants occurring outside protected areas. © 2012 IAWF.	MODIS; South Africa; Western Cape	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922069104	Quantifying quality management system performance in order to improve business performance	Smith R.A., Bester A., Moll M.	2014	South African Journal of Industrial Engineering	25	2	None	Department Industrial and Systems Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa	Smith, R.A., Department Industrial and Systems Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa; Bester, A., Department Industrial and Systems Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa; Moll, M., Department Industrial and Systems Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa	This study investigates current methods of measuring quality management system (QMS) performance. It introduces a methodology to quantify QMS performance in order to provide a reference point for improved QMS performance and, in turn, the business’s performance. By introducing metadata into historical or current QMS internal audit data, the study shows that it is possible, over time, to extract various levels of value-adding data, ranging from high-level, strategic, direction-oriented insight, to process effectiveness and implementation-level guidance. This is accomplished by a repeatable process of infusing cause and effect theming data and process-consequence severity data into the QMS auditfindings data, and subsequently analysing the additional metadata. © 2014 South African Institute of Industrial Engineering. All rights reserved.	None	Metadata; Business performance; Cause and effects; Internal audit; Process effectiveness; Quality management systems; Reference points; Quality management	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884476514	The impact of preschool feeding programmes on the growth of disadvantaged young children in developing countries: A systematic review of randomised trials	Els A., Walsh C.	2013	South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition	26	2	None	Department Nutrition and Dietetics, University of the Free State, South Africa	Els, A., Department Nutrition and Dietetics, University of the Free State, South Africa; Walsh, C., Department Nutrition and Dietetics, University of the Free State, South Africa	Background: Childhood malnutrition in developing countries contributes to developmental delays, as well as increased morbidity and mortality. The effectiveness of feeding programmes as a strategy to improve childhood malnutrition has been questioned. Objective: A systematic review was undertaken to examine the effectiveness of preschool feeding programmes in fostering the growth of children in developing countries. Design: A systematic literature search was undertaken to identify published studies that related to the objective. Studies had to be randomised intervention studies that reported on the growth outcomes of children from birth to six years of age in order to be included. Setting: An initial literature search yielded 59 studies, of which 44 were excluded based on initial screening. Five more were omitted based on detailed data extraction. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. The results of these studies were compared and narratively described in the context of the objective. Results: The studies showed a great level of heterogeneity with regard to sample characteristics, intervention and reporting of results. In the context of recovery from malnutrition, most studies reported there to be a positive effect from feeding programmes. In studies that reported on weight gain, those that employed a supervised intake of food supplements resulted in higher rates of weight gain. Micronutrient fortification was described as having a positive influence on the rate of linear growth in studies that reported on linear growth. Intensive nutrition education aimed at mothers and caregivers is a sustainable way in which to change child feeding behaviour and may contribute to the effectiveness of nutrition intervention. Conclusion: The limitations of the study included the following: there was a low number (59) of identified studies in the initial search because of the use of limited search terms, assessment of risk of bias was carried out by only one reviewer using a self-designed grading system, there were high levels of heterogeneity, and less than half of the individual studies were rated to be of a high quality. In view of these limitations, no firm conclusion can be drawn. Additional research, aimed at determining the impact of supplementary feeding programmes in supporting the growth of disadvantaged children, is encouraged. © SAJCN.	Developing countries; Disadvantaged children; Growth; Preschool feeding programmes	trace element; Africa south of the Sahara; article; child; child death; child growth; child nutrition; data extraction; developing country; diet supplementation; dietary compliance; early intervention; food security; health food; human; information retrieval; maize; malnutrition; milk; nutrition education; nutritional deficiency; nutritional status; nutritional value; questionnaire; randomized controlled trial (topic); soybean; stunting; systematic review; underweight; weight gain; weight height ratio	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892495426	Hire purchase strategy of physical capital investment and financial performance of construction companies: Illustrating from the Nigerian Stock Exchange	Nwanyanwu L.A.	2013	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	4	4	10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n4p449	Department of Accountancy, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria	Nwanyanwu, L.A., Department of Accountancy, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria	The purpose of this paper is to identify the influence of hire purchase strategy of physical capital investment on financial performance of construction companies quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. Data were obtained through questionnaire. Analyses were performed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's product moment coefficient of correlation. Empirical results indicate that there exist a statistically significant negative association between hire purchase strategy of investing in physical capital and financial performance of construction companies. It was concluded that considering the complexities in service delivery, application of hire purchase as a physical capital investment option, may not provide the quantum of capital assets needed to satisfy expectations of customers.	Construction companies; Financial performance; Hire purchase; Nigeria; Nigerian Stock Exchange; Physical capital	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953354473	Comparative evaluation of predictive models in chromium adsorption	Okparanma R.N., Ayotamuno M.J., Akor A.J., Igoni A.H.	2009	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	8	7	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P. M. B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Okparanma, R.N., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P. M. B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Ayotamuno, M.J., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P. M. B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Akor, A.J., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P. M. B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Igoni, A.H., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P. M. B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	In this study, a comparative evaluation of first- and second-order kinetic models was carried out in order to evolve a better predictive model, as well as determine the limiting phenomenon, in the adsorption of chromium onto powdered activated carbon (PAC) during the tertiary treatment of the flocculation effluent of liquid-phase oil-based drill cuttings (LP-OBDC). The treatment of the LP-OBDC was done by mixing 1g of commercial PAC with 100ml of the flocculation effluent of initial chromium concentration (Co) of 5.01mg/l in a flask using magnetic stirring at 25°C. The residual concentration of chromium in the liquid phase, C (mg/l), was measured after different stirring times of 15, 60, 120, 180 and 1440 minutes. Then, the adsorption q (mg/g) was found for each period. Results show that equilibrium was attained within 60 minutes of contact time and the equilibrium concentration of the chromium (qe) was 3.94mg/g indicating that the PAC was able to adsorb 78.64% of the chromium at initial PAC concentration of 10g/l of effluent. The first-order rate constant, K1 was 9.84 x 10-5min-1 and the second-order rate constant, K2 was 0.3644g/mgmin. Using the first-order kinetics, the value of the equilibrium concentration of the chromium (qe) was deduced as 3.47 mg/g, whereas; the qe deduced with the second-order kinetics was 3.96mg/g. When compared with the value of the qe obtained experimentally (i.e. 3.94mg/g), it shows that experimental data fitted the second-order kinetics relatively better than the first-order kinetics (with R2 = 0.999998), indicating that the second-order kinetic model could be used to predict chromium adsorption in the treatment process. This result also indicates that the limiting phenomenon in the treatment process was more of mechanisms of adsorption than mass transfer resistance.	Activated carbon adsorption; Chromium removal; Kinetic models; Oil-field drill cuttings	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76649102421	The impact of Social Networking 2.0 on organisations	Van Zyl A.S.	2009	Electronic Library	27	6	10.1108/02640470911004020	Department of Accountancy, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Van Zyl, A.S., Department of Accountancy, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to increase the understanding of what electronic social networking encompasses. It also aims to educate IT, business decision makers, knowledge workers and librarians about the various applications, benefits and risks associated with social networking. Design/methodology/approach - After a literature review of the available resources (academic literature, journal articles, white papers, popular media and books) the benefits and perceived risks associated with electronic social networking on organisations are investigated. Findings - An individual's success in society depends on the shape and size of his/her social network and ability to network and form connections with other social groups. Organisations which can harness this innate human ability to manage knowledge will be able to lower transactions costs and become more profitable. Originality/value - The paper increases the understanding of what electronic social networking encompasses and how it can be utilised for business purposes. The ideas and discussion put forth are equally applicable to libraries and may give them new insights into the provision of social networking applications as part of their services to users. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Communication technologies; Computer applications; Electronic media; Knowledge management; Risk management; Social networks	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887457184	The usefulness of student evaluations for enhancing the effectiveness of teaching of financial accounting students at a South African University	Van Der Merwe D.C.	2012	Research in Accounting in Emerging Economies	12	PARTA	10.1108/S1479-3563(2012)000012A009	Department of Accounting and Auditing, Faculty of Military Science, Stellenbosch University, South Africa	Van Der Merwe, D.C., Department of Accounting and Auditing, Faculty of Military Science, Stellenbosch University, South Africa	Purpose - Effectiveness of teaching at universities, in general, has been the focus of many researchers for decades. The public concern about the quality of first year accounting education, in particular, is worth the attention of researchers at tertiary institutions. Student evaluation is the primary tool used by accounting administrators to evaluate teaching effectiveness. This study aims to determine the effect on teaching of perceptions of first year financial accounting students on a specific module and the lecturer characteristics that they consider effective in their learning process. Further aims are to provide useful information to lecturers on teaching methods and lecturer characteristics that could enhance effectiveness of teaching. Methodology - In this study, various aspects on teaching methods and lecturer characteristics are investigated. Student feedback data is collected for a full time lecturer. Surveying methodology using questionnaires is utilised to conduct the study. A pool of questions is created accompanied by a five-point Likert scale. A statistical analysis (descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and regression analysis) is applied to these questionnaires. Findings - From this analysis, the findings reveal that all independent variables (knowledge, personality and attitude in general) have a positive influence on enhancing effectiveness of teaching. The results of the study highlight that course content, knowledge, personality and attitude of a lecturer play an important role in determining effectiveness of teaching in financial accounting. Value - The results of the study would be useful to the accounting lecturers, students, education departments and academic researchers to better understand the needs of accounting students in their learning process. Results of student evaluations not only provide valuable information which could be used for managing the course and study content but it could also be used for individual improvement by the lecturer. For the students, the improvement of teaching effectiveness based on the evaluation process may ultimately enhance knowledge acquisition. Copyright © 2012 by Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Effectiveness of teaching; First year accounting students; South Africa; Teaching evaluations	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349284768	Determinants of public employees' performance: Evidence from Ethiopian public organizations	Hailesilasie G.	2009	International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management	58	3	10.1108/17410400910938841	Department of Accounting and Finance, Faculty of Business and Economics, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia	Hailesilasie, G., Department of Accounting and Finance, Faculty of Business and Economics, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia	Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explain the determinants of employees' performance in Ethiopian public organizations, by examining the determinant factors of motivation, ability and role perception in seven different public organizations that reengineered their business processes. Design/methodology/approach: Using primary data collected from 100 respondents, individual performance, an ordered categorical variable, was regressed on motivation, ability, role perception and certain control variables. An ordered logistic regression model was employed in the research. Findings: Results of the STATA routine indicate that, in Ethiopian public organizations, ability has no significant effect on employees' performance. On the other hand, motivation positively determines performance until some stage of experience, beyond which performance declines with experience. Similarly, role perception is found to be strongly positively related to the likelihood of good performance. Research limitations/implications: Further research is required into the dynamic nature of employees' performance. Panel data econometric models might be used to explain the determinants of performance across time. Similarly, future empirical researches in the area in question will be helpful to consider space-time differences in explaining determinants of employees' performance. Originality/value: The paper looks into the determinant factors of Ethiopian public organization employees' performance. Currently, Ethiopian public organizations are undertaking Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) and striving for the system of performance-based pay. This research has policy implications in relation to designing an effective performance-based pay system. On the other hand, the paper contributes to the empirical literature, providing a clearer picture of the determinants of public employees' performance. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Business process re-engineering; Ethiopia; Performance management; Public sector organizations	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054734895	Determinants of performance: A cross generational analysis of Nigerian banks	Abdulraheem A., Yahaya K.A., Aliu O.A.	2011	European Journal of Social Sciences	24	4	None	Department of Accounting and Finance, Faculty of Business and Social Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Abdulraheem, A., Department of Accounting and Finance, Faculty of Business and Social Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Yahaya, K.A., Department of Accounting and Finance, Faculty of Business and Social Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Aliu, O.A., Department of Accounting and Finance, Faculty of Business and Social Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	The performance of banks is of importance to investors because it determines both the returns on investment and it is a measure of economic stability and secured investment environment. A number of factors are used in the measurement of bank performance in a typical developing economy. This study uses selected first and second generation banks in Nigeria to examine critical variables that may explain the performance of the banks. In all ten banks were purposively sampled to include each of first and second generation banks. For each generation, aggregate performance was computed as a proxy of the declared profit for 10 years. Aggregate value was also obtained for the dividend declared, amount retained for expansion, new shares sold out to the public, age of banks, customer base and shareholders fund. A multiple regression analysis of the variables adopted to examine the nature of the relationship between declared profit (y) and the variables (X1 -X6), where Y=a+biXi+b2X2+.........+bnXn. A structured questionnaire was also used to capture the perception of shareholders on bank performance in four out of the ten selected banks. The result of the study shows that the performance of a bank was accounted for by the amount of profit paid out as dividend. The profit withheld for expansion and new share sold to the public with the R2 value of 92.9% and double log of 97.7%. From the study bank performance is both a result of dividend paid out (92.9%) profit withheld for expansion (97.7%). Age of banks was show not to be related to the performance of banks. To corroborate this, the study showed that shareholders believe that the proportion of dividend paid to shareholders is a major determinant of performance. The study therefore recommends that Nigerian Banks should redirect their focus to early dividend payment and regular declaration of dividend as one of the tools of attaining better performance.	Bank performance; Determinants; Dividend payment; Shareholders	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84914164019	Board demographic diversity, Firm performance and strategic change a test of moderation	Tarus D.K., Aime F.	2014	Management Research Review	37	12	10.1108/MRR-03-2013-0056	Department of Accounting and Finance, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Department of Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States	Tarus, D.K., Department of Accounting and Finance, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Aime, F., Department of Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States	Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of boards’ demographic diversity on firms’ strategic change and the interaction effect of firm performance. Design/methodology/approach – This paper used secondary data derived from publicly listed firms in Kenya during 2002-2010 and analyzed the data using fixed effects regression model to test the effect of board demographic and strategic change, while moderated regression analysis was used to test the moderating effect of firm performance. Findings – The results partially supported board demographic diversity–strategic change hypothesis. In particular, results indicate that age diversity produces less strategic change, while functional diversity is associated with greater levels of strategic change. The moderated regression results do not support our general logic that high firm performance enhances board demographic diversity–strategic change relationship. In effect, the results reveal that at high level of firm performance, board demographic diversity produces less strategic change. Originality/value – Despite few studies that have examined board demographic diversity and firm performance, this paper introduces strategic change as an outcome variable. This paper also explores the moderating role of firm performance in board demographic diversity–strategic change relationship, and finally, the study uses Kenyan dataset which in itself is unique because most governance and strategy research uses data from developed countries. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Board demographic diversity; Developing countries; Firm performance; Fixed effects regression model; Kenya; Strategic change	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941078348	The relationship between capital structure and financial performance of firms listed on the nairobi securities exchange	Otieno O.L., Ngwenya S.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	13	1CONT2	None	Department of Accounting and Finance, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Finance, Risk Management and Banking, School of Management Sciences, PO Box 392, UNISA, 0003, Preller Street, Muckleneuk Ridge, Pretoria, South Africa	Otieno, O.L., Department of Accounting and Finance, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya; Ngwenya, S., Department of Finance, Risk Management and Banking, School of Management Sciences, PO Box 392, UNISA, 0003, Preller Street, Muckleneuk Ridge, Pretoria, South Africa	Until now, researchers are not in consensus, whether it is the capital structure that influences performance or performance that influences capital structure or both. The main objective of this study was to establish the relationship between capital structure and financial performance of firms listed on the NSE by employing a generalised linear model (GLM) as an improvement on ordinary least regression (OLS). The results of the study revealed that efficient and profitable firms employ more debt than comparable firms that are less profitable possibly because profitable firms’ exposure to financial risk is low. There results also indicate that firms that use more debt outperformed those that use less debt. © 2015, Virtus interpress.All rights reserved.	Capital structure; Financial performance; General linear model; NSE; Ordinary least regression	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84944684024	Debt capital, firm performance and change of CEO in firms listed on the Nairobi securities exchange	Otieno O.L., Ngwenya S.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	13	1CONT6	None	Department of Accounting and Finance, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Finance, Risk Management and Banking, School of Management Sciences, UNISA, PO Box 392, Preller Street, Muckleneuk Ridge, Pretoria, Kenya	Otieno, O.L., Department of Accounting and Finance, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya; Ngwenya, S., Department of Finance, Risk Management and Banking, School of Management Sciences, UNISA, PO Box 392, Preller Street, Muckleneuk Ridge, Pretoria, Kenya	It is generally accepted that boards of directors play a fundamental role in corporate governance and the structure of the board plays a significant role in the functioning of a company (Jensen, 1993). The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between debt capital, firm performance, and change of CEO in firms listed on the NSE. The results of the study revealed that firms in which an individual shareholder has influence or controlling interest are reluctant to replace their CEO even when performance is below average. The results also revealed that the replacement of the CEO is not performance driven, but is debt capital driven. Specifically, the results suggest that medium leverage ratio is associated with change in CEOs on firms listed on the NSE. © 2015, Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved.	Change of CEO; Debt capital; Firm performance; NSE	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857226394	The impact of working capital management on the profitability of small and medium scale enterprises in Nigeria	Samson A.A., Mary J., Yemisi B.-F., Erekpitan I.O.	2012	Research Journal of Business Management	6	2	10.3923/rjbm.2012.61.69	Department of Accounting Igbinedion, University Okada, College of Management Science, Edo State, Nigeria	Samson, A.A., Department of Accounting Igbinedion, University Okada, College of Management Science, Edo State, Nigeria; Mary, J., Department of Accounting Igbinedion, University Okada, College of Management Science, Edo State, Nigeria; Yemisi, B.-F., Department of Accounting Igbinedion, University Okada, College of Management Science, Edo State, Nigeria; Erekpitan, I.O., Department of Accounting Igbinedion, University Okada, College of Management Science, Edo State, Nigeria	The objective of the research study was to empirically investigate the impact of working capital management on the profitability of a sample of small and medium-sized Nigerian firms. The data for the study were collected from 30 SME's covering the single period of 2009. Data was collected from secondary sources (financial statement) and was analyzed using the multiple regression analysis. The results which are robust to the presence of endogeneity, demonstrate that managers can create value by reducing their firm's number of day's accounts receivable and inventories. Equally, shortening the cash conversion cycle also improves the firm's profitability. © 2012 Academic Journals Inc.	Conversion cycle; Nigerian firms; Profitability; Small and medium scale enterprises; Working capital	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897137420	Does ownership structure affect firm performance? Evidence from Nigerian listed companies	Tsegba I.N., Achua J.K.	2011	Corporate Ownership and Control	9	1 F	None	Department of Accounting, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria	Tsegba, I.N., Department of Accounting, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria; Achua, J.K., Department of Accounting, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria	This paper examines the relationship between ownership structure and firm performance from the perspective of listed Nigerian companies. The sample comprises 73 companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange for which relevant financial data is available for the period 2001 to 2007. The empirical results obtained through ordinary least squares (OLS) analysis provide evidence which suggests that dominant shareholding, ownership concentration, and foreign ownership structures have no significant effect on firm performance. However, insider ownership is inversely related to firm performance. Two major policy implications emerge from the results of this study. First, since ownership structures such as, dominant shareholding, concentrated ownership, and foreign ownership have no significant effect on firm performance, government emphasis on them is misplaced. Second, insider ownership of Nigerian firms is to be monitored closely by shareholders due to the adverse effect of this ownership structure on firm performance.	Corporate governance; Corporate ownership structure; Dominant shareholder; Firm performance; Foreign ownership; Insider ownership; Nigeria; Ownership concentration	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861404529	Class absenteeism: Reasons for non-attendance and the effect on academic performance	Schmulian A., Coetzee S.	2012	Accounting Research Journal	24	2	10.1108/10309611111163718	Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Schmulian, A., Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Coetzee, S., Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Purpose Other business education literature, particularly in the field of economics, has developed theories in respect of the reasons for non-attendance of lectures and the positive correlation between class attendance and academic performance. The aim of this paper is to determine the generalizability of these theories to a large accounting class in South Africa. Design/methodology/ approach This paper is a differentiated replication of the study by Paisey and Paisey, who provided initial evidence of the generalizability of these theories to a small accounting class in Scotland, employing a research questionnaire and the analysis of quantitative and qualitative data. Findings The reasons given for the non-attendance of lectures generally correspond with those previously reported. Certain differences that are identified are likely a result of specific country or economic factors. This study found a significant positive correlation between class attendance and academic performance; however, the correlation is low and not very meaningful. Further analysis reveals some difference between language groups suggesting that culture and ethnicity may have an effect on the relationship between class attendance and academic performance. Originality/value This paper raises questions as to the generalizability of prior research on class attendance and academic performance. The findings of this study suggest other factors, including students' economic, cultural and ethnic backgrounds, are likely to affect associations between class attendance and academic performance. © Copyright - 2011 Emerald Group Publishing Limited. All rights reserved.	Absenteeism; Academic performance; Accounting education; Class attendance; South Africa; Students	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41949096960	Style and organizational performance of Nigerian companies: An empirical analysis	Okafor C.	2008	Journal of Applied Sciences	8	2	None	Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Okafor, C., Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	In this study, an attempt is made to demonstrate the relationship between style and organizational performance. With data from randomly selected companies quoted on the 1st tier market of the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE), this study empirically established, using the ordinary least square, a relationship between style and organizational performance. The practical implication of this finding is that the employees of Nigerian quoted companies are sensitive to the leadership behaviour of their chief executives. Consequently, the research calls for employee centred leadership behaviour. © 2008 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Employee centred; Labour management; Leadership behaviour; Organizational performance; Team formation; Worker empowerment	Empirical analysis; Leadership behaviour; Nigerians; Ordinary least squares; Organizational performance; Stock exchange; Team formation; Worker empowerment; Industry; Human resource management	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874078832	Capital structure, corporate financial performance and shareholders' investment decisions: A survey of selected nigerian companies	Bassey B.E., Inah E.U.	2012	European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences	None	54	None	Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B.1115, Calabar, 8037983154, Nigeria	Bassey, B.E., Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B.1115, Calabar, 8037983154, Nigeria; Inah, E.U., Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B.1115, Calabar, 8037983154, Nigeria	This study examines capital structure, corporate financial performance and shareholders' investment decisions. The greatest issue striving against the management of any firm in Nigeria and the world over is how to minimize cost of capital and maximize shareholders wealth. To achieve this major objective, financial managers of firms need to understand the source of capital to finance the growth of the firm and also the efficient use of the available capital. The study made use of an ex-post facto design and the data collected through the use of questionnaires were analyzed using the ordinary least square (OLS) method. The results therefore revealed that capital structure have a significant relationship with corporate financial performance and shareholders' investment decisions. Based on the findings obtained the study therefore concluded that capital structure ratios significantly influence investment decisions in companies, with most investors preferring to invest in companies with a smaller debt/equity ratio. Finally, it was recommended that retained earnings should be the first source of financing a business venture before considering debt and equity. Where extra fund is needed, the company should preferably go for equity capital as the risk would be shared among the different investors. © EuroJournals, Inc. 2012.	Debt; Debt/equity; Dividend per share; Earnings per share; Equity; Return on asset; Return on equity	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908037623	Firms' performance and corporate social disclosures: Cross-sectional evidence of Nigerian firms	Moses O., Jatau U.V., Ande J.O.M., Okwoli A.A.	2014	International Journal of Management Practice	7	4	10.1504/IJMP.2014.065231	Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria	Moses, O., Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria; Jatau, U.V., Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria; Ande, J.O.M., Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria; Okwoli, A.A., Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria	This study examines the relationship that exists between Firms' Financial Performance (FFP) and Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures (CSRD) on one hand and the extent to which firms in Nigeria are involved in transparent corporate social responsibility disclosures on the other hand. A modified 25-theme Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) disclosure index and firms' Earnings Per Share (EPS) along with the Companies Annual Turnover (CAT) was used to determine the impact CSRD has on FFP. The finding of the study shows that firms in Nigeria have a positive insignificant relationship between CSRD and CAT and their EPS. The extent of CSRD by quoted companies in Nigeria was found to be at a 53% threshold; which falls below the 75% global benchmark for excellent disclosure. The study recommends among others the use of legislations to elicit detailed disclosures and the need for separate tracking of social responsibility costs in annual accounts of companies. Copyright © 2014 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	Corporate social responsibility disclosures; Disclosure index; Firm financial performance; Transparent reporting	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864076490	Impact of petroleum revenue and the economy of Nigeria	Ogbonna G.N., Ebimobowei A.	2012	Social Sciences (Pakistan)	7	3	10.3923/sscience.2012.405.411	Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Department of Accounting, Faculty of Business Education, Bayelsa State College of Education, Okpoama, Brass Island, Yenagoa, Nigeria	Ogbonna, G.N., Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Ebimobowei, A., Department of Accounting, Faculty of Business Education, Bayelsa State College of Education, Okpoama, Brass Island, Yenagoa, Nigeria	This study investigates the impact of petroleum revenue and the economy of Nigeria for the period 1970-2009. To achieve this objective, primary and secondary data were used. The primary data was generated from a well structured questionnaires administered to 150 oil and gas and non oil and gas workers in Rivers and Bayelsa states, respectively. The secondary data was culled from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin 1970-2009. The data collected were analysed using Pearson product correlation coefficient, Ordinary Least Square Regression and descriptive statistics. The results of the analysis suggests that petroleum revenue affects the gross domestic product and per capital income of Nigeria positively. However, the relationship between petroleum revenue and inflation rate was negative. Therefore, the research conclude that the revenue generated from petroleum exploration in Nigeria contributes to the gross domestic product and per capita income, hence proper management and utilization to achieve long run growth and development of the country. Useful recommendations were provided to improve the revenue generation effort and usage of the oil wealth in Nigeria. © Medwell Journals, 2012.	Economy; GDP; Inflation; Nigeria; Per capita income; Petroleum; Revenue	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84923300411	Impact of fuel price increaseon the Nigerian economy	Ocheni S.I.	2015	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	6	1S1	10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n1s1p560	Department Of Accounting, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria	Ocheni, S.I., Department Of Accounting, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria	Everybody appreciates the fact that when motorists pay more for fuel, the transport fare increases. This has been the case even when the increase is only marginal. In the particular case where the cost of fuel is expected to double, the increase in transport fare will be astronomical. This will in turn affect everything else – school fees, house rent, just name it. Therefore, this study took a critical look at the impact of Fuel price increase on the Nigerian economy(Whether negative or positive).The study adopted a survey research design approach to evaluate the level of effect the fuel price increase has on the Nigeria economy. The population of the study is made up of Civil Servants -CS, market men and women-MMW and staff in the private sectors- SPS concerned with petrol and gas affairs. A sample size of 120 persons was selected at random. It was distributed as follows: Civil Servants (18), market men and women (55) and staff in the private sectors (47). A pre test was conducted and outcome yield “r”= 0.92 indicating a high degree of consistency and reliability. The instrument was 8- term survey questionnaire with a - 5 Likert scale response options of Very Relevant (VR), Relevant (R), No Effect (NE) Irrelevant (I), and Very Irrelevant (VI). The questionnaire was structured in line with the research objectives, questions and hypothesis of the study. The Pearson product moment correlation coefficient was used to confirm formulated hypotheses. Finding revealed that there is a significant relationship between the recent increases in fuel prices and economic growth in Nigeria. It was also discovered that the Nigeria economy is not developing because of the effect of fuel price hike on purchasing power and finally the finding showed that there is significant relationship between increase in pump price of petroleum and food security. The paper therefore recommended that Government should retain fuel subsidy while expediting the construction of the three proposed refineries; Fuel subsidy should be removed as soon as these new refineries are commissioned; the proposed rehabilitation of the existing refineries should be expedited; Government should vigorously pursue the revitalization of the railways. If only Nigerians had alternative to road transport, all this noise about fuel subsidy removal would not have been there and Private companies should be encouraged to start building refineries now with the assurance that subsidy would be removed before they start production. © 2015, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved.	Economy; Fuel scarcity; Fuel subsidy; Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939551486	Governing boards and perceived performance of secondary schools: Preliminary evidence from a developing country	Nkundabanyanga S.K., Tauringana V., Muhwezi M.	2015	International Journal of Public Sector Management	28	3	10.1108/IJPSM-10-2014-0135	Department of Accounting, Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Accounting, Finance and Economics, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom; Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda	Nkundabanyanga, S.K., Department of Accounting, Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda; Tauringana, V., Department of Accounting, Finance and Economics, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom; Muhwezi, M., Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda	Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report the results of a study carried out to determine the effect of governing boards on the performance of Ugandan secondary schools. Specifically, the study investigated whether governing boards (board role performance, finance committee role performance, board size, frequency of board meetings and board finance expertise) have an effect on the perceived performance of the schools. Design/methodology/approach – This study is cross-sectional and correlational. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey of 271 schools out of which 200 responded. The data were analysed through ordinary least squares regression using Statistical Package for Social Scientists. Findings – The results suggest that board role performance, finance committee role performance, frequency of meetings and finance expertise of governing boards have a significant effect on the schools’ performance. Research limitations/implications – The authors measure some of the variables qualitatively and perceptively contrary to, for instance, the commonly used quantitative measures of performance, but process factors which are inherently qualitative in nature can better explain variances in secondary schools’ performance. Thus, in this study, the authors do not claim highly refined measurement concepts. More research is therefore needed to better refine qualitative concepts used in this study. The results too suggest that board and finance committee role performance and finance expertise of the board are more important for performance of a school than board size, and frequency of meetings which academics have been focusing on. These findings call for more research to validate the posited relationships. Practical implications – The results are important for governing board policy development; for example, in terms of prescribing the qualifications for schools’ governing board members and also finance committee board members. Originality/value – This study shows that one way to capture the influence of all governing boards’ roles including service role is to adopt a perception-based approach which asks respondents to what extent they think governing boards fulfil all their roles. Unlike previous studies which used proxies for board role performance such as proportion of non-executive directors and board size for monitoring and control and resource provision, the study incorporates proxies as well as perception-based measures of board role performance to determine if governing boards have a significant influence on the performance of Uganda secondary schools. © 2015, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Boards; Education; Performance; Public sector; Secondary schools; Uganda	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926313018	Intellectual capital in ugandan service firms as mediator of board governance and firm performance	Nkundabanyanga S.K., Ntayi J.M., Ahiauzu A., Sejjaaka S.K.	2014	African Journal of Economic and Management Studies	5	3	10.1108/AJEMS-06-2012-0041	Department of Accounting, Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda; Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda; Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Makerere University Business School, Kampala,	Nkundabanyanga, S.K., Department of Accounting, Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda; Ntayi, J.M., Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda; Ahiauzu, A., Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Sejjaaka, S.K., Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda	Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating effect of intellectual capital on the relationship between board governance and perceived firm financial performance. Design/methodology/approach - This study was cross-sectional. Analyses were by SPSS and Analysis of Moment Structure on a sample of 128 firms. Findings - The mediated model provides support for the hypothesis that intellectual capital mediates the relationship between board governance and perceived firm performance. while the direct relationship between board governance and firm financial performance without the mediation effect of intellectual capital was found to be significant, this relationship becomes insignificant when mediation of intellectual capital is allowed. Thus, the entire effect does not only go through the main hypothesised predictor variable (board governance) but majorly also, through intellectual capital. Accordingly, the connection between board governance and firm financial performance is very much weakened by the presence of intellectual capital in the model - confirming that the presence of intellectual capital significantly acts as a conduit in the association between board governance and firm financial performance. Overall, 36 per cent of the variance in perceived firm performance is explained. the error variance being 64 per cent of perceived firm performance itself. Research limitations/implications - The authors surveyed directors or managers of firms and although the influence of common methods variance was minimal, the non-existence of common methods bias could not be guaranteed. Although the constructs have been defined as precisely as possible by drawing upon relevant literature and theory, the measurements used may not perfectly represent all the dimensions. For example board governance concept (used here as a behavioural concept) is very much in its infancy just as intellectual capital is. Similarly the authors have employed perceived firm financial performance as proxy for firm financial performance. The implication is that the constructs used/developed can realistically only be proxies for an underlying latent phenomenon that itself is not fully measureable. Practical implications - In considering the behavioural constructs of the board, a new integrative framework for board effectiveness is much needed as a starting point, followed by examining intellectual capital in firms whose mediating effect should formally be accounted for in the board governance - financial performance equation. Originality/value - Results add to the conceptual improvement in board governance studies and lend considerable support for the behavioural perspective in the study of boards and their firm performance improvement potential. Using qualitative factors for intellectual capital to predict the perceived firm financial performance, this study offers a unique dimension in understanding the causes of poor financial © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78651457165	Competitive advantage: Mediator of intellectual capital and performance	Kamukama N., Ahiauzu A., Ntayi J.M.	2011	Journal of Intellectual Capital	12	1	10.1108/14691931111097953	Department of Accounting, Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda; Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Faculty of Computing and Management Science, Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda	Kamukama, N., Department of Accounting, Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda; Ahiauzu, A., Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Ntayi, J.M., Faculty of Computing and Management Science, Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda	Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating effect of competitive advantage in the relationship between intellectual capital and financial performance in Uganda's microfinance institutions. The major aim is to establish the role of competitive advantage in the relationship between intellectual capital and firm performance. Design/methodology/approach: The paper adopts MedGraph program (Excel version), Sobel tests and the Kenny and Boran approach to test for mediation effects. Findings: Competitive advantage is a significant mediator in the association between intellectual capital and financial performance and boosts the relationship between the two by 22.4 percent in Ugandan microfinance institutions. Further findings confirmed a partial type of mediation between the intellectual capital, competitive advantage and financial performance. Research limitations/implications: Only a single research methodological approach was employed and future research through interviews could be undertaken to triangulate. Furthermore, the findings from the present study are cross-sectional. Future research should be undertaken to examine the mediation effects studied in this paper across time. Practical implications: In order to have a meaningful interpretation of the results of the relationships between study variables, it is always vital to assess the role of the third variable (competitive advantage) in the relationship. This enables practitioners and scholars to comprehend and make legitimate decisions and conclusions that can foster business growth. Originality/value: This is the first study that focuses on testing the mediating effect of competitive advantage on the relationship between intellectual capital and financial performance in Ugandan microfinance institutions. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Competitive advantage; Financial institutions; Financial performance; Intellectual capital; Uganda	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78149363778	Intellectual capital and performance: Testing interaction effects	Kamukama N., Ahiauzu A., Ntayi J.M.	2010	Journal of Intellectual Capital	11	4	10.1108/14691931011085687	Department of Accounting, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Faculty of Computing and Management Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda	Kamukama, N., Department of Accounting, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Ahiauzu, A., Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Ntayi, J.M., Faculty of Computing and Management Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda	Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the interaction effect of intellectual capital elements and how they fuse to affect financial performance in microfinance institutions. The major purpose is to explore the appropriate blend or mix of intellectual capital elements that explains the source of value creation - hence performance - in microfinance institutions. Design/methodology/approach: The paper adopts the ModGraph program (Excel version) along with the Kenny and Boran approach to test conditional hypotheses. Findings: The magnitude effect of human capital on performance depends on any of structural or relational capital; hence the assumption of nonadditivity is met. However, no significant interaction effects were established between relational and structural capital. Research limitations/implications: Only a single research methodological approach was employed and future research through interviews could be undertaken to triangulate. Furthermore, the findings from the present study are cross-sectional - future research should be undertaken to examine the multiplicative effects studied in this paper across time Practical implications: In order to boost the wealth of microfinance institutions in Uganda, managers should always endeavor to find a viable intellectual capital mix or blend that can add value to the firm. Originality/value: This is the first study that focuses on testing the interactive effects of intellectual capital elements on financial performance in Ugandan microfinance institutions. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Financial institutions; Financial performance; Intellectual capital; Social interaction; Uganda	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857931469	Evaluation of ventilated underground pit structures for yam (Dioscorea Spp) storage	Nwakonobi T.U., Obetta S.E., Iorwtsav H.	2012	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	4	5	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria	Nwakonobi, T.U., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Obetta, S.E., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Iorwtsav, H., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria	Underground pit structures are commonly employed by farmers for on farm storage of yam (Dioscorea spp) in Nigeria and other parts of developing world. This traditional storage structure is used without provision for adequate air exchange or ventilation. This study investigated the performance of yams stored in underground pit structures provided with air vents. Three experimental pits of similar dimensions were constructed with Pit 1 installed with one PVC vent; Pit 2 had two PVC vents and Pit 3 without vent which served as control. 20 Kg weight of yams was loaded in each pit measuring 1.0 m in diameter and 0.65 m in depth. The results of the study show that a lowest temperature range of 30-38°C was maintained in pit 1 (improved) temperature range of 34-40°C in Pit 2 (semi-improved) while temperature in pit 3 range from 36-42°C. The relative humidity obtained were 84, 76 and 70% in pit 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The sprouting indexes obtained within 8 weeks storage period were 46.2, 53.8 and 76.9 for pit 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The cumulative weight loss obtained in pit 1, 2 and 3 were 44.8, 69.5 and 79.2%, respectively for the 8 weeks storage period. Increased in storage period for yams is possible with adequate ventilation in underground pit structure. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2012.	Air-vent; Nigeria; Pit air - thermal properties; Sprouting index; Underground structure; Yam storage	Air exchanges; Air vents; Air-vent; Cumulative weight; Developing world; Dioscorea spp; Nigeria; Pit structures; Sprouting index; Storage periods; Storage structures; Temperature range; Developing countries; Thermodynamic properties; Underground structures; Vents	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67549117347	Corporate governance and firm performance: The case of Nigerian listed firms	Kajola S.O.	2008	European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences	None	14	None	Department of Accounting, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria	Kajola, S.O., Department of Accounting, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria	This paper seeks to examine the relationship between four corporate governance mechanisms (board size, board composition, chief executive status and audit committee) and two firm performance measures (return on equity, ROE, and profit margin, PM), of a sample of twenty Nigerian listed firms between 2000 and 2006. Using panel methodology and OLS as a method of estimation, the results provide evidence of a positive significant relationship between ROE and board size as well as chief executive status. The implication of this is that the board size should be limited to a sizeable limit and that the posts of the chief executive and the board chair should be occupied by different persons. The results further reveal a positive significant relationship between PM and chief executive status. The study, however, could not provide a significant relationship between the two performance measures and board composition and audit committee. These results are consistent with prior empirical studies. © EuroJournals, Inc. 2008.	Agency cost; Corporate governance; Firm performance; Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907286048	Audit committee multiple directorships and financial reporting quality in Nigeria: An evaluation of the interconnectedness using empirical evidence	Emmanuel U., Ayorinde B., Babajide O.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	20	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n20p628	Department of Accounting, Rhema University, Aba, Abia State, Nigeria; Department of Accounting, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Accounting, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	Emmanuel, U., Department of Accounting, Rhema University, Aba, Abia State, Nigeria; Ayorinde, B., Department of Accounting, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Babajide, O., Department of Accounting, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	The audit committee plays an oversight role in overseeing financial reporting. It is not uncommon to see directors sit on the audit committee of more than three public companies. In Nigeria, because of the small pool of directors available to the market, it is quite common for directors to serve on many boards. Against the backdrop that there are arguments for and against multiple directorships in the light of the quality of financial reports, opinion is split on the matter. The study seeks to examine the interconnectedness between audit committee multiple directorship and financial reporting quality in Nigeria. The study adopted a survey research, using questionnaire as the research instrument to harvest the views of stakeholders of publicly quoted companies on the subject. Data was analysed using percentage analysis, weighted mean, and the Z-test statistics at 5% significance level. It was observed that audit committee multiple directorship impacts the quality of corporate financial reporting. Also, financial literacy of audit committee members enhances the effective overseeing of corporation’s financial controls and the quality of financial reporting. The study therefore supports the need for a high degree of financial literacy on the part of audit committee members to enhance effectiveness. It is recommended that regulatory agencies in Nigeria should also institute legislation similar to the Sarbanes Oxley act of the United States of America in order to curb the menace of earnings management and other unethical financial reporting practices. © MCSER-Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research.	Audit Committee; Earnings management; Financial reporting; Multiple directorships; Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78149479778	Special pricing decisions as instrument for improving companies' performance in Nigeria	Iwarere H.T.	2010	International Business Management	4	3	10.3923/ibm.2010.99.104	Department of Accounting, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Iwarere, H.T., Department of Accounting, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	One of the poor performances of manufacturing firms in Nigeria is attributed to insufficient market demand. This study examines, how special order pricing can be successfully introduced to improve contribution margin. The findings reveal that special pricing decisions are better means of reducing idle capacity and that this technique can be successfully introduced if the country achieve economy stability and favourable operating environment are introduced by the government. © Medwell Journals, 2010.	Advantage; Companies; Insufficient market demand; Manufacturing firms; Nigeria; Performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82155162942	Performance measures of maintenance of public facilities in Nigeria	Iwarere H.T., Lawal K.O.	2011	Research Journal of Business Management	5	1	10.3923/rjbm.2011.16.25	Department of Accounting, University of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Iwarere, H.T., Department of Accounting, University of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Lawal, K.O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Public organisations in Nigeria are organisations which are controlled by the government. These organisations generally face different kinds of problems. Some of such problems are associated with poor maintenance of public facilities. This study presents performance measures of maintenance of public facilities in Nigeria. The study identifies financial scandal, improper facilities, poor maintenance culture, poor spare parts, incompetent management, lack of or inadequate training programmes, irregularity in power supply as major problems that hinder the performance measures of maintenance of public facilities. The study concluded that government, management and employees should play their respective roles to ensure effective maintenance of public facilities. It is also concluded that public organisations should adopt four key aspects of the Balanced Scorecard that focus on four separate but related perspectives of organisational performance and management such as financial performance, internal processes, customer satisfaction or customer value and workforce support. © 2011 Academic Journals Inc.	Effective maintenance; Effective utilisation; Employee capability; Standard equipment	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84958778895	Factors contributing toward student performance in a distance education accounting degree	Papageorgiou K., Halabi A.K.	2014	Meditari Accountancy Research	22	2	10.1108/MEDAR-08-2013-0032	Department of Accounting, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Federation University Australia, Gipsplad Campus, Churchill, Australia	Papageorgiou, K., Department of Accounting, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Halabi, A.K., Federation University Australia, Gipsplad Campus, Churchill, Australia	Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of five determinates of performance in students (N = 677) who completed three years of financial accounting to obtain a Bachelor of Accounting Science (BCompt) degree by distance education through the University of South Africa. Design/methodology/approach - Regression analysis is used on three yearly measures of performance with five independent variables (age, gender, prior accounting knowledge, mathematics background and academic aptitude). Findings - Results show that mathematics background and academic aptitude are both significantly associated with student performance, throughout the financial accounting subjects. Prior accounting knowledge is also important in the first year of study but not thereafter. Research limitations/implications - Prior research has found that other factors may influence student performance, and future studies which include these variables will add to these findings. Practical implications - The results of this study have important implications for instructors, students and career advisers, particularly as research linking various factors with performance in accounting subjects over the length of a degree is limited. Originality/value - The current study considers the determinants of student performance over three financial accounting years (rather than one year or one subject) and from a distance education perspective. As distance education becomes a more important delivery method of study in the future, these results have important implications. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2049-372X.	Academic aptitude; Accounting; Age; Gender; Mathematics background; Prior accounting knowledge; Student performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84910135346	Energy absorption and ballistic limit of nanocomposite laminates subjected to impact loading	Balaganesan G., Velmurugan R., Srinivasan M., Gupta N.K., Kanny K.	2014	International Journal of Impact Engineering	74	None	10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2014.02.017	Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai, India; SERC, IISc Bangalore, India; Department of Applied Mechanics, IIT Delhi, India; Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa	Balaganesan, G., Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai, India; Velmurugan, R., Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai, India; Srinivasan, M., Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai, India; Gupta, N.K., SERC, IISc Bangalore, India, Department of Applied Mechanics, IIT Delhi, India; Kanny, K., Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa	Composite laminates made of glass/epoxy with and without nano fillers were subjected to projectile impact. The laminates of different thicknesses were prepared by hand lay-up and compression molding processes. Laminates were made from glass woven roving mats of 610 gsm, epoxy resin and nano clay of 1-5 wt.% of matrix. A piston type gas gun setup was used to impact a spherical nose projectile of diameter 9.5 mm and mass of 7.6 g, on the nanocomposite laminates at impact velocities in the range of their ballistic limit and above. The energy absorbed during penetration and ballistic limit of the nanocomposite laminates were studied both experimentally and analytically. The analytical model also predicts the energy absorbed in various failure modes due to tensile failure of primary fibers, deformation of secondary fibers, delamination and matrix crack. Mechanical properties like tensile modulus, stress-strain function, shear modulus, and strain energy release rate were used as input to the analytical model. Laminates of three, five and eight layers have been considered for the analysis. The effect of clay dispersion in the matrix for different failure modes is discussed. Ballistic limit obtained from the model is validated with experimental results and good agreement is found. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Ballistic limit; Energy absorption; Impact damage; Impact loading; Nanocomposites	Analytical models; Ballistics; Compression molding; Elastic moduli; Energy absorption; Epoxy resins; Failure (mechanical); Glass; Laminated composites; Mechanical properties; Nanocomposites; Projectiles; Strain; Strain rate; Stresses; Ballistic Limit; Composite laminate; Compression molding process; Impact damages; Impact loadings; Impact velocities; Projectile impact; Stress-strain functions; Laminates	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920877182	Assessing the performance characteristics of chicken layers fed with pito mash inclusion diets treated with cocoa pod-husk ash extract	Ankrah A.-B., Donkoh A., Abando-Sam E.	2014	International Journal of Poultry Science	13	11	None	Department of Agribusiness, Valley View University, Techiman-Campus, Oyibi, Accra, Ghana; Department of Animal Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Ankrah, A.-B., Department of Agribusiness, Valley View University, Techiman-Campus, Oyibi, Accra, Ghana; Donkoh, A., Department of Animal Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Abando-Sam, E., Department of Agribusiness, Valley View University, Techiman-Campus, Oyibi, Accra, Ghana	A nutritional balance trial was conducted, with 176 strain of Lohmann breed of brown layers at 8 weeks old, weighing between 340-341 g. The chickens were grouped into 4 dietary treatments of 44 chickens per group. A complete randomized design (CRD) was applied in which the dietary treatments included 0, 5, 10 and 15% level of the alkali-treated pito mash. Feed and water were provided ad libitum over the 11-month experimental period. The parameters measured were body weight changes, feed intake, water intake, hen-day egg production, hen-housed egg production, feed conversion ratio (kg/dozen egg), age at the onset of egg production, body weight at the onset of egg laying, weight of the first egg laid, shell thickness, number of broken egg, yolk colour, yolk diameter, albumen height, Haugh unit and mortality rate. Results showed that apart from body weight at the start of feed trial, feed/dozen eggs and body weight at the onset of egg laying, shell thickness and mortality of chickens, all the alkali-treated pito mash based diets exhibited significantly (p<0.05) higher performances than the control group in all the other parameters considered, although at varying magnitudes. The costs/100 kg grower and layer diets were progressively reduced as the level of treated pito mash increased in the diets. Alkali-treated pito mash inclusion in grower and layer chicken diets up to 15% is therefore recommended. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2014.	Dietary treatment; Feed conversion ratio; Feed intake; Haugh unit	Gallus gallus; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885919422	Potential impacts of increasing average yields and reducing maize yield variability in Africa	Kostandini G., La Rovere R., Abdoulaye T.	2013	Food Policy	43	None	10.1016/j.foodpol.2013.09.007	Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, 221 Stuckey Building, Griffin, GA 30223-1797, United States; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; International I	Kostandini, G., Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, 221 Stuckey Building, Griffin, GA 30223-1797, United States; La Rovere, R., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Abdoulaye, T., International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kano, Nigeria	This study evaluates the potential impacts of investing in Drought Tolerant Maize (DTM) in 13 countries of East, South and West Africa. The analysis utilizes geo-referenced production data at the regional and household levels and employs a model that estimates both the conventional mean yield gains and the additional benefits from yield stability gains of DTM varieties as well as impacts on poverty. The results indicate that by 2016, adoption of DTM can generate between US$ 362. million and US$ 590. million in cumulative benefits to both producers and consumers. Yield variance reductions stand to generate considerable benefits, especially in high drought risk areas. These benefits translate into poverty reductions in the range of 0.01-4.29% by 2016. Significant benefits are also found among different types of households living in drought risk areas of Kenya, Ethiopia and Nigeria. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Africa; Drought; Maize; Poverty; Technology adoption; Yield stability	agricultural technology; crop production; crop yield; drought resistance; investment; maize; poverty alleviation; technology adoption; East Africa; South Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84944387190	Impact of evaporative cooling preservation on the shelf life of fruits and vegetable in South Western Nigeria	Ndukwu M.C., Manuwa S.I.	2015	Research in Agricultural Engineering	61	3	10.17221/54/2013-RAE	Department of Agricultural and Bio Resources Engineering, College of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Engineering, School of Eng	Ndukwu, M.C., Department of Agricultural and Bio Resources Engineering, College of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria, Department of Agricultural Engineering, School of Engineering and Engineering, Technology Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria; Manuwa, S.I., Department of Agricultural Engineering, School of Engineering and Engineering, Technology Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria	Maintaining the freshness of vegetables and fruits even for a short period in a tropical environment is difficult. Fresh fruits and vegetables usually deteriorate faster than other products because they increase in respiration while in storage, due to high moisture content and high tropical heat which lead to a number of physical and physiological changes affecting the viability, quality and marketability of the produce. The use of evaporative cooling system showed improvement in the shelf life of fruits and vegetables stored. The stored vegetables in the cooler showed higher moisture and vitamin C content while the withered control has higher ash, protein, fibre and carbohydrate content. However, the fruits stored in the cooler had lower vitamin C and higher moisture than the control which showed good quality and crispiness while the control deteriorated at the same period. The results suggest that the integration of evaporative cooling system with good sanitation along the marketing channel from the harvest point until the consumption point will help to attain high quality level of freshness for some period.	Cold storage; Environmental friendly; Food quality; Freshness; Refrigeration	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908541613	Design, construction, and evaluation of a mixed mode solar kiln with black-painted pebble bed for timber seasoning in a tropical setting	Ugwu S.N., Ugwuishiwu B.O., Ekechukwu O.V., Njoku H., Ani A.O.	2015	Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews	41	None	10.1016/j.rser.2014.09.033	Department of Agricultural and Bioresources Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; National University Commission, Abuja, Nigeria; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Ugwu, S.N., Department of Agricultural and Bioresources Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ugwuishiwu, B.O., Department of Agricultural and Bioresources Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ekechukwu, O.V., National University Commission, Abuja, Nigeria; Njoku, H., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ani, A.O., Department of Agricultural and Bioresources Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Different designs and improvements on solar kiln for drying different types of products have been an ongoing research interest, ranging from simple and small capacity to automated dryers with integrated storage systems. In this article, mixed-mode solar kiln with black pebble bed as absorber and storage is designed and evaluated at Nsukka, Nigeria, latitude 6.8°N. It combines heat from an external collector and from a transparent roof, making it efficient for wood seasoning in tropical areas. The kiln consists of a drying chamber of 0.362 m3 capacity, a single glazed flat plate collector and transparent roof area of 0.54 m2, a pebble bed capacity of 0.1 m3, and a kiln orientation of 7°N-S facing south. At peak periods, timber stack in the drying chamber receives hot air flow from the collector and the transparent roof simultaneously. At off-peak periods, heat stored by pebble bed helps to avert reverse flow of moist air. Test results reveal that temperatures inside the dryer and solar collector were higher than the ambient temperature at all hours of the day. Maximum drying chamber temperature, which was obtained at midday, was 61.7°C. Kiln drying reduced timber moisture content from 66.27% to 12.9% whereas open air drying reduced to 20.1% dry basis in 360 hours. Also, the initial drying rates for both kiln dried wood and control were 0.205% and 0.564% per day and the final drying rates were 0.15% and 0.08% per day, respectively. The rapid rate of drying in the kiln reveals its ability to dry timber to safe moisture level without defects. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Drying; Kiln; Moisture content; Solar; Timber; Wood	Kilns; Moisture; Timber; Wood; Mixed mode; Pebble beds; Solar; Solar kiln; Drying; Forests; Kilns; Lumber; Moisture Content; Wood	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952153546	Design, fabrication and performance of a motorized cowpea thresher for Nigerian small-scale farmers	Irtwange S.V.	2009	African Journal of Agricultural Research	4	12	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria	Irtwange, S.V., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria	Based on the results of measurements of moisture content of grains, cowpea grain and pod sizes, grain-pod ratio, angle of friction of grains and some information from literature, a motorized cowpea thresher using a star-shaped beater to which beater belts were attached was designed and locally built. Five varieties of cowpea, K59, Ife-Brown, IT84E-124, Ife-Bimpe and TVX 715 which are fairly representative of the most popular varieties in Nigeria were selected for the measurement of design parameters. The statistical design used in studying the effect of variety on length, width, thickness, equivalent diameter, sphericity, pod weight and grain-pod ratio with 30 replications, moisture content with 3 replications and angle of friction with 5 replications was complete randomized design (CRD). The moisture content for the grain varieties ranged from 11.06 to 12.02% w.b while the size and shape measurement parameters namely; length, width, thickness, equivalent diameter and sphericity ranged from 8.22 to 10mm, 6.04 to 6.83 mm, 4.36 to 5.38 mm, 6.00 to 7.09 mm and 0.71 to 0.79 respectively for grains. For the pods, the length, width and thickness ranged from 124.78 to 194.93 mm, 7.28 to 9.15 mm and 5.27 to 7.86 mm respectively. The pod weight and grain-pod ratios ranged from 1.96 to 3.39 and 0.75 to 0.86 respectively for all the varieties tested while the angle of friction of grains on mild steel ranged from 23.6° to 26.6°. The results of the study as indicated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) show that there is highly significant effect (P ≤ 0.01) of variety on all the grains and pods measurement parameters except angle of friction where non-significance was observed. Skewness and kurtosis analysis indicates that the frequency distribution curves for grains and pods measurement parameters generally approximated those of the normal distribution. Based on the optimum machine parameters, the machine throughput was determined to be 101.19, 110.86, 74.33, 75.81 and 102.09 kg grains/hour for K59, Ife-Brown, IT84E-124, Ife-Bimpe and TVX 715 respectively. Preliminary performance evaluation tests carried out on the fabricated thresher using IT84E-124 as the test material at recommended beater and fan speeds of 500 rpm and 1400 rpm respectively indicated average threshing efficiency of 96.29%, percentage damage of 3.55% and percentage threshed and undamaged grains of 92.74%. A cleaning efficiency and loss of 95.60 and 3.71% respectively was observed indicating that with the use of a star-shaped beater, drudgery and cost can be reduced to a minimum and yet achieving good quality products. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Cowpea; Design; Fabrication; Performance evaluation; Thresher	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870370090	Can shelterbelts improve sprinkler irrigation performance under windy semi arid conditions?	Toromo A.K., Kipkorir E.C., Shitote S.M., Kibiiy J.K.	2011	Irrigation and Drainage Systems	25	4	10.1007/s10795-012-9128-3	Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Chepkoilel University College, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya; Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Moi University, P.O. Box 3900, Eldoret, Kenya	Toromo, A.K., Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Chepkoilel University College, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya; Kipkorir, E.C., Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Chepkoilel University College, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya; Shitote, S.M., Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Moi University, P.O. Box 3900, Eldoret, Kenya; Kibiiy, J.K., Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Moi University, P.O. Box 3900, Eldoret, Kenya	Field experiments were performed to study the effect that wind shelterbelts has on irrigation uniformity of hand move sprinkler irrigation system located in northwest Kenya. Catch can tests were performed to evaluate the distribution of applied water using coefficient of uniformity and distribution uniformity for plots with shelterbelt and without shelterbelt scenarios. Three medium pressure twin nozzle sprinkler head types were tested to determine their water distribution uniformity at varying wind speed and working pressure and obtained results were statistically analysed. The analysis was used to ascertain the performance of the medium pressure sprinklers under varying wind conditions for the two scenarios. Results indicate that uniformity is improved by wind for wind speeds below 1. 4 m/s. Analysis of data from sheltered and unsheltered plots showed a significant difference of uniformity parameters on sheltering with coefficient of uniformity for sheltered plots averaging 84 % compared to 74 % for unsheltered plots. Results indicate that the coefficient of uniformity values were higher than the distribution uniformity values although both had a strong linear relationship with a coefficient of determination above 0. 96 in both scenarios. It is concluded that shelterbelts improve sprinkler irrigation performance under windy conditions. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Distribution; Drop size; Irrigation; Uniformity; Wind drift losses	A-coefficient; Analysis of data; Coefficient of uniformity; Distribution; Distribution uniformity; Drift loss; Drop size; Field experiment; Irrigation uniformity; Linear relationships; Medium pressure; Semi-arid conditions; Sprinkler irrigation; Uniformity; Water distributions; Wind conditions; Wind speed; Windy conditions; Working pressures; Hose; Irrigation; Water supply systems; Wind effects; Sprinkler systems (irrigation); irrigation system; performance assessment; semiarid region; shelterbelt; size distribution; wind velocity; Kenya	None
None	None	The impact of demand factors, quality of care and access to facilities on contraceptive use in Tanzania	Arends-Kuenning M., Kessy F.L.	2007	Journal of Biosocial Science	39	1	10.1017/S0021932005001045	Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, United States; Economic and Social Research Foundation (ESRF), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Arends-Kuenning, M., Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, United States; Kessy, F.L., Economic and Social Research Foundation (ESRF), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	The low contraceptive prevalence rate and the existence of unmet demand for family planning services present a challenge for parties involved in family planning research in Tanzania. The observed situation has been explained by the demand-side variables such as socioeconomic characteristics and cultural values that maintain the demand for large families. A small, but growing body of research is examining the effect of supply-side factors such as quality of care of family planning services on the demand for contraceptives. This paper analyses the demand and supply factors determining contraceptive use in Tanzania using the Tanzania Service Availability Survey (1996) and the Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey (1996) data sets. The results show that access to family planning services and quality of care of services are important determinants of contraceptive use in Tanzania even after controlling for demand-side factors. © 2005 Cambridge University Press.	None	article; contraception; cultural value; drug utilization; family; family planning; health care access; health care availability; health care facility; health care need; health care quality; health services research; health survey; human; multivariate analysis; prevalence; socioeconomics; Tanzania; adolescent; adult; family planning; female; health care delivery; male; qualitative research; statistical model; utilization review; contraceptive agent; Adolescent; Adult; Contraceptive Agents; Family Planning Services; Female; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Male; Models, Statistical; Qualitative Research; Quality of Health Care; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84951124529	Factors affecting forage chopper performance	Ajav E.A., Yinusa B.	2015	International Agricultural Engineering Journal	17	3	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Ajav, E.A., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Yinusa, B., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The performance of a forage chopper is greatly dependent on some factors such as cutting knife angle, knife edge thickness etc. Therefore, in this work the effect of some factors (operating time and moisture) on forage chopper performance were determined. Moisture contents of the samples forage (Guinea grass-24.4%, 23.3%, 20.0% (wb), Siam weed-21.4%, 16.6%, 13.3% (wb) and Maize Stover-42%, 30%, 23% (wb)) were determined by oven-drying method. The machine was tested using Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standard at Department of Agricultural an Environmental Engineering in September, 2014. Effects of moisture content and operating time (Independent variables) on chopping efficiency, chopping capacity and length of cut of the machine were analysed using response surface design expert of 6.0.6 model. Responses were chopping capacity, chopping efficiency and length of cut. The results of the statistical analysis showed that, moisture content and operating time had significant effects (p<0.05) on the chopping capacities at 5% significant level while their effects on efficiencies were not significant at 5% significant level due to the cutting knife parameters of the machine. Moreover, the length of cut increased with the increase in moisture content but the effect was not significant. The chopping capacity, efficiency and length of cut are functions of the mechanical, physical properties of the material chopped and the cutting knife parameters of the machine.	Cutting knife parameters; Forage chopper; Moisture content; Operating time	Agriculture; Efficiency; Moisture; Moisture determination; Cutting knives; Guinea grass; Independent variables; Knife edge; Operating time; Oven drying method; Response surface designs; Siam weeds; Agricultural machinery	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884301790	Fuel consumption evaluation of some commonly used farm tractors for ploughing operations on the sandy-loam soil of Oyo state, Nigeria	Adewoyin A.O.	2013	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	6	15	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, P.O. Box 20749, UI Post Office, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adewoyin, A.O., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, P.O. Box 20749, UI Post Office, Ibadan, Nigeria	Farm Tractors acquired in Oyo State-Nigeria are primarily utilized for ploughing operations which represents the most costly single item in the budget of an arable farmer. Tractor fuel consumption constitutes a significant parameter that affects ploughing operations performances. Ploughing operations, using ASABE standard D 497.5 were carried out using Massey Ferguson(MF 435, 100 hp), Fiat(F130D, 100 hp) and Steyr (CVT170, 100 hp) tractors that were purchased in 2009. Field experiments were conducted at 5.5, 6.5 and 7.5 km/h ploughing speeds for ploughing depths of 20, 25 and 30 cm. Mean fuel consumption for Fiat, MF and Steyr models were 23.35, 23.58 and 24.55 l/ha while average of 16.78, 22.02 and 32.67 l/ha of diesel were used to plough 20, 25 and 30 cm depths, respectively. Fuel consumption increased by 31% when ploughing depth increased from 20 to 25 cm and 48% when increased from 25 to 30 cm. Mean fuel consumption at 5.5, 6.5 and 7.5 km/h ploughing speeds were 20.0, 24.25 and 27.23 l/ha, respectively. Fuel consumption varies significantly with ploughing depth and speed (p&lt;0.05, 0.87≤r2≤0.99). Fuel consumption values increases with ploughing dept and speed significantly, the depth of crop roots should determine the appropriate ploughing depth in order to minimize expenses on fuel. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2013.	Fuel consumption; Ploughing depth; Ploughing speed; Soil types	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941646622	Trend analysis in climatic variables and impacts on rice yield in Nigeria	Akinbile C.O., Akinlade G.M., Abolude A.T.	2015	Journal of Water and Climate Change	6	3	10.2166/wcc.2015.044	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Akinbile, C.O., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Akinlade, G.M., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Abolude, A.T., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	The effects of changes in meteorological parameters on rice yield variations were considered. Weather parameters, temperature (T), rainfall (R), relative humidity (RH) and solar radiation (SR), and rice yield variation for Ibadan were analyzed. Meteorological parameters were obtained from the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture while rice yield data were obtained from the Africa Rice Centre both in Nigeria for three decades (1980-2010). Trends analysis of past and recent variations using the weather parameters obtained showed trends of variability of each parameter with respect to rice yield. Mann-Kendall trend and Sen's slope tests were performed on the respective meteorological variables while correlation, multiple regression and variability index (VI) were also computed for these parameters. Results showed that T, RH and rice yield were negative and decreased significantly (P < 0.001) while R and SR showed statistically non-significant increasing trends in the last three decades. R and T decreased at the rate of 3% per year and 0.03% per decade, respectively. Results of annual VI showed that decreases observed in RH, SR and rice yield were rather recent. T, SR and R were found to have the most significant effect on rice yield of all the meteorological parameters considered. © IWA Publishing 2015.	Nigeria; Rice yield; Trend analysis; Weather parameters	Climate change; Meteorological parameters; Meteorological variables; Multiple regressions; Nigeria; Rice yield; Trend analysis; Tropical agriculture; Weather parameters; Balloons; climate change; climate effect; crop yield; multiple regression; rice; trend analysis; Ibadan; Nigeria; Oyo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84951006349	Environmental impact assessment of two polluting sources on stream in Nigeria	Akinbile C.O., Olugbojo W.O., Olubanjo O.O.	2015	International Agricultural Engineering Journal	17	3	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia	Akinbile, C.O., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia; Olugbojo, W.O., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Olubanjo, O.O., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	The environmental impact of locating two polluting sources of landfill (refuse dump) and petrochemicals on Alaba stream in Akure, Nigeria was assessed. Twenty physio-chemical parameters were analyzed for wet and dry seasons respectively with three sampling points within 5m intervals from one another of the two polluting sources on the stream. The parameters include: colour, odour, taste, pH, temperature, turbidity, alkalinity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and total solids (TS). Others were chloride (CL-), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), lead (Pb), nitrate (NO3), sulphate (SO4-2), oil and grease, Escherichia coli (E-coli) and faecal coliform. Some parameters were determined in-situ while others were determined using APHA (2005) standard procedures and results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. All the samples investigated contained a considerable degree of pollution which asserted the pollution of the stream. The results for dry and wet seasons indicated that the conductivity, 353.33±15.0 and 256.67±26.58, Alkalinity, 52.83±16.0 and 90.90±20.98, DO, 0.33±0.08 and 0.48±0.01mg/l, Turbidity, 57.22±7.15 and 8.10±1.70, BOD, 0.20±0.10 and 0.22±0.11, TDS, 0.18±0.16 and 0.46±0.42. E-coli had values 55.37±7.45 and 8.99±3.23, faecal coliform, 241.50±11.64 and 129.83±35.06 and Pb, 13.72±7.68 and 11.88±5.20 respectively. Others were sulphate, 1298.33±422.52 and 1273.33±423.77, nitrate, 6.40±0.96, chloride, 0.33±0.12. Most of the values (with the exception of pH and alkalinity) were above the maximum permissible levels of FAO, WHO and NSDWQ standards and parameters such as pH, turbidity, DO, BOD, Pb, E-coli and faecal coliform decreased as the distance from the polluting sources increased. Statistical analyses showed significant differences at specific confidence levels while treatment of Alaba stream is required to achieve minimum acceptable level for domestic uses, public awareness on the dangers inherent in polluting the stream should be carried out.	Akure; Landfill; Microbiological parameters; Petrochemical; Physico-chemical parameters; Pollution; Stream	Alkalinity; Biochemical oxygen demand; Chemical analysis; Chlorine compounds; Dissolved oxygen; Environmental impact assessments; Escherichia coli; Land fill; Lead; Nitrates; Petrochemicals; pH; Pollution; River pollution; Statistical methods; Turbidity; Akure; Degree of pollutions; Dry and wet seasons; Micro-biological parameters; Physico - chemical parameters; Stream; Total dissolved solids; Total suspended solids; Environmental impact	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953238332	Evaluation of plough disc performance on sandy loan soil at different soil moisture levels	Olatunji O.M.	2011	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	10	3	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nkpolu, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Olatunji, O.M., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nkpolu, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	In this research work, dimensional analysis was used to model the relationship between depth of cut, weight of disc plough and draught on a sandy loam soil. Field experiment was carried out on a site with three different moisture content levels at five different plough speeds (0.83, 1.39, 1.94, 2.4 and 2.78m/s). It was observed that the depth of penetration of plough disc increased with an increased draught and soil moisture content. The depth of cut was minimum at 4.9% and maximum at 9.4% moisture content. The result obtained from the validation shows that the model can be used effectively to determine the depth of cut in sandy loam soil at different soil moisture levels. Also the draught-speed relationship obtained from this work can be used to predict the power requirement of the disc plough in other soil types. The draught increase linearly with the depth of cut as predicted from the model. The result of the soil properties after tillage operation showed increased shear strength, bulk density and depth of cut.	Bulk density; Depth of cut; Disc plough; Moisture content; Sandly-loam; Shear strength	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955963913	Evaluation of plough disc performance on sandy loan soil at different soil moisture levels	Olatunji O.M.	2011	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	3	3	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nkpolu, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Olatunji, O.M., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nkpolu, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	In this research study, dimensional analysis was used to model the relationship between depth of cut, weight of disc plough and draught on a sandy loam soil. Field experiment was carried out on a site with three different moisture content levels at five different plough speeds (0.83, 1.39, 1.94, 2.4 and 2.78 m/s). It was observed that the depth of penetration of plough disc increased with an increased draught and soil moisture content. The depth of cut was minimum at 4.9% and maximum at 9.4% moisture content. The result obtained from the validation shows that the model can be used effectively to determine the depth of cut in sandy loam soil at different soil moisture levels. Also the draught-speed relationship obtained from this study can be used to predict the power requirement of the disc plough in other soil types. The draught increase linearly with the depth of cut as predicted from the model. The result of the soil properties after tillage operation showed increased shear strength, bulk density and depth of cut. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2011.	Bulk density; Depth of cut; Disc plough; Moisture content; Sandly-loam; Shear strength	Bulk density; Depth of cut; Disc plough; Moisture content; Sandly-loam; Agricultural machinery; Agriculture; Moisture determination; Shear strength; Soil conditioners; Soil moisture; Geologic models	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952968257	Impact of management style on performance indicators of academic staff	Irtwange S.V., Orsaah S.	2009	Educational Research and Reviews	4	12	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Department of Business Management, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria	Irtwange, S.V., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Orsaah, S., Department of Business Management, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria	The objective of this study is to assess the impact of management style on academic staff performance with University of Agriculture, Makurdi as a case study. The management style of the vice chancellor of the University of Agriculture, Makurdi between the periods, September 3, 1996 to September 3, 2001 was determined using the Ohio State University and University of Michigan Models. Based on a population of 269 academic staff, a sample size of 200 was selected using the purposive and random sampling techniques. Research questionnaire, interview and personal observations were employed as instruments for data collection. Analysis of data indicates that the vice chancellor was rated below desirable limits both on the considerate or employee centered management style (Cronbach alpha =0.978) and on the initiating structure or production centered management style (Cronbach alpha = 0.968). This indicates low concern for production and people, which answers to the impoverished management style of the grid model. Chi-square (X 2) test at 5% level of significance showed that there is a relationship between the management style of the vice chancellor of University of Agriculture, Makurdi and academic staff performance. As expected, academic staff of the university were found to have performed poorly on all six performance indicators - qualification, teaching/cognate experience, contribution to university and community, publications, current research and extension and administrative experience. The results of the study further indicate that with good management of men and materials, performance of academic staff in the Nigerian university system will be enhanced if they are appropriately motivated and rewarded. The study recommends that proven ability and capacity to professionally manage men, money and materials to deliver on the core mandates of the various universities in Nigeria should be the most important consideration in appointment of vice chancellors. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Academic staff; Management style; Performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953331511	Modeling the effect of weight and forward speed on the performance of disc plough	Olatunji O.M., Akor A.J., Ozogu B.A., Burubai W., Davies R.M.	2009	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	8	2	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Is	Olatunji, O.M., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Akor, A.J., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Ozogu, B.A., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria; Burubai, W., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Davies, R.M., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria	In this paper, the relationship between depth of cut, speed of ploughing as well as the weight of disc plough was modeled and investigated in mechanization. The effect of weight on depth of penetration of the disc plough was determined at three different speeds (1.39, 1.94 and 2.5m/s) at two different sites (A and B). Results generally reveal that depth of cut increase with increase in plough weight. Average depths of 15.45, 19.45 and 18.23cm were recorded at forward speeds of 1.39, 1.94 and 2.5m/s respectively at a corresponding weight range of 450 to 540kg. Furthermore validation of the developed model shows an acceptable agreement between the predicted and measured depth of cut as a function of the pertinent variables. Statistical data reveals 0.381 as the lowest standard error of estimate indicating the predictability of the model.	Disc plough; Modeling; Performance; Weight	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953429309	Effect of weight and draught on the performance of disc plough on sandy loam soil	Olatunji O.M., Burubai W., Davies R.M.	2009	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	8	7	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Is	Olatunji, O.M., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Burubai, W., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Davies, R.M., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria	In this research work, the relationship between depth of cut, increase in weight of disc plough as well as the draught has been investigated using dimensional analysis on a sandy loam soil. The experiment was conducted on two sites with three different moisture contents level at five different speeds, (0.83m/s, 1.39m/s, 1.94 m/s, 2.5m/s and 2.78m/s). It was observed that the depth of penetration decreased with an increase in draught and decrease in soil moisture content. From the two sites, the depth of cut was minimum at 4.91%, and maximum at 9.42% moisture content. Model validation produced a standard error of 0.681, 0.381 and 0.067 for the site with 4.91% moisture content and 0.173, 0.142 and 0.233 for the site with 9.42 percent moisture content which means that the model is accurate in the prediction of these variables. The lowest standard error was achieved at 1.94m/s speed in both plots. The result obtained from the validation shows that the model can be used effectively to determine the depth of cut in sandy loam soil and also the draught-speed relationship obtained from this work can be used to predict the power requirement of the disc plough in other soil types.	Disc plough; Draught; Loam soil; Sandy; Weight	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954165371	Effect of weight and draught on the performance of disc plough on sandy-loam soil	Olatunji O.M., Davies R.M.	2009	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	1	1	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce I	Olatunji, O.M., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Davies, R.M., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria	In this research, the relationship between depth of cut, increase in weight of disc plough as well as the draught has been investigated using dimensional analysis on a sandy loam soil. The experiment was conducted on a site with three different moisture contents level at five different speeds (0.83, 1.39, 1.94, 2.5 and 2.78ms-1). It was observed that the depth of penetration increase with an increase in draught and increase in soil moisture content. From the site, the depth of cut was minimum at 4.9% and maximum at 9.4% moisture content. The result obtained from the validation shows that the model can be used effectively to determine the depth of cut in sandy loam soil and also the draught-speed relationship obtained from this work can be used to predict the power requirement of the disc plough in other soil types. The draught increase linearly with the depth of cut as predicted from the model. The result of the soil properties after tillage showed increase with shear strength, bulk density and depth. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2009.	Bulk density; Depth; Disc plough; Moisture content; Sandy-loam; Shear strength	Bulk density; Depth; Disc plough; Moisture content; Sandy-loam; Agriculture; Moisture determination; Shear strength; Soil conditioners; Soil moisture; Geologic models	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84055217785	Performance evaluation of manual cowpea thresher	Maunde F.A.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	30	10.5897/AJAR11.940	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 2076, Yola, Adamawa, Nigeria	Maunde, F.A., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 2076, Yola, Adamawa, Nigeria	Manual cowpea thresher was previously designed and constructed. Its performance evaluation is now reported. Performance test was replicated five times and averages of each trial were taken (50, 100, 150, 200 and 250) kg of two cowpea varieties: indigenous brown (Variety A) and IT97K-499- (SAMPEA -10) white (Variety B). Parameters considered were: Threshing efficiency (Te), Seed damage (Sd) and Mechanical efficiency (Me). The results show that Te, Sd and Me were (91, 6 and 44%), respectively. Issues on cowpea threshing and its improvement were discussed. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Cowpea; Manual; Performance; Threshing; Varieties	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-39549104681	Performance evaluation of a biogas stove for cooking in Nigeria	Ltodo I.N., Agyo G.E., Yusuf P.	2007	Journal of Energy in Southern Africa	18	4	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Jalingo, Taraba State, Nigeria	Ltodo, I.N., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Agyo, G.E., Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Jalingo, Taraba State, Nigeria; Yusuf, P., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria	A biogas stove was designed, constructed and its performance evaluated using a 3 m 3 continuousflow Indian type biogas plant at the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria. The biogas plant was operated with cattle dung as feedstock in the ratio of 1 part of dung to 2 parts of water at a retention time of 30 days and daily loading rate of 100 kg of slurry. The performance of the stove was evaluated by boiling water, cooking rice and beans and the time taken to perform specific tasks determined from a stop watch. The amount of biogas used in boiling and cooking was determined from the operating pressure of the plant measured from a manometer that was placed between the stove and the plant. The results obtained showed that 0.14 I of water was boiled in 1 minute while 5.13 g of rice and 2.55 g of beans cooked in a minute. The biogas consumption for boiling water, cooking rice and beans was 0.69m 3/min, 2.81m 3/min and 4.87m 3/min respectively. The efficiency of the stove in boiling water, cooking rice and beans was 20%, 56% and 53% respectively.	Biogas stove; Cooking; Nigeria; Performance evaluation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884684641	Effect of insulating materials on performance of a solar heater	Aremu A.K., Akinoso R.	2013	Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences	8	2	10.3923/jeasci.2013.64.68	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Aremu, A.K., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Akinoso, R., Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Insulator influences performance efficiency of the solar heater. In order to reduce the cost of solar device, it is advisable to use as local insulating material. Some agricultural wastes are abundant and causing environmental nuisance in Nigeria. This research focussed on use of some agricultural waste as insulator in box-type solar device. A box-type solar heater was developed. Dried insulating materials (maize cob, air, maize husk, coconut coir and polyurethane foam) were used to fill the space between the inner and outer boxes in such a way that there was an 80 mm thickness of insulating materials all around between the inner box and the outer box. The space housing the insulating materials was sealed with four pieces of plywood noggins. Heat retention and water abilities of the solar device were tested for period of 3 years. Peak stagnation temperatures for 1st to 3rd year were 159, 140 and 138°C, respectively. These were obtained using coconut coir (1st and 2nd year) and polyurethane foam (3rd year). During the dry season, shortest duration taken to heat 1 and 1.5 L of water was 50 and 65 min, respectively in coconut coir insulated device. Time required to boil 1 L of water in wet season ranged from 120-170 min. Comparatively the orders of performance were coconut coir, polyurethane foam, maize cob, maize husk and air. The evidence from performance evaluation indicates that agricultural by-products like maize husk, maize cob and coconut coir can perform as solar device insulator. © Medwell Journals, 2013.	Agricultural waste; Heating; Insulator; Nigeria; Solar device	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350173092	Impact assessment of water scarcity at Somntongo in the lowveld region of Swaziland	Mijinyawa Y., Dlamini S.S.	2008	Scientific Research and Essays	3	2	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Land Use and Mechanization, University of Swaziland, Luyengo Campus, Swaziland	Mijinyawa, Y., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Dlamini, S.S., Department of Land Use and Mechanization, University of Swaziland, Luyengo Campus, Swaziland	A survey was conducted to assess the impact of water scarcity in Somntongo, in the lowveld region of Swaziland. The study adopted the use of questionnaire, interview schedules and focused group discussions. Information sought included sources of water, distances between water sources and places of residence, and the effect of water scarcity on the various aspects of human activities. The study revealed that only two rivers and five boreholes were the major sources of water while distances of as much as 5 - 20 km were covered in search of water. In about 82% of the homesteads, the water use was about 3.3 litres/head/day and 2.3 litres/livestock/day. These are quite low compared to the minimum standards of 25 litres/head/day, and between 25 and 35 litres/livestock/day. Water scarcity has resulted in the death of livestocks; some cultivated crops have withered while others are not cultivated for lack of irrigation water. In some instances, schools have temporarily been closed due to water shortages. Construction of more boreholes and dams can reduce the water scarcity and promote the standard of living in the community. © 2008 Academic Journals.	Agriculture; Harvesting; Irrigation; Scarcity; Swaziland; Water	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77958501549	Impact of organic material incorporation with soil in relation to their shear strength and water properties	Ohu J.O., Mamman E., Mustapha A.A.	2009	International Agrophysics	23	2	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Nigeria	Ohu, J.O., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Nigeria; Mamman, E., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Nigeria; Mustapha, A.A., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Nigeria	A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine the quantitative effects of incorporating groundnut haulms, cow dung and chicken dung on hydraulic properties of compacted sandy loam, clay loam and clay soils. The consistency limits, shear strength, water retention and hydraulic conductivity of the three soil textures were measured. Groundnut haulms, cow dung and chicken dung were incorporated into the three soils at 2% and 4% levels on dry mass basis. For each soil-organic matter mixtures, the consistency limits significantly increased with increase in the levels of the organic materials. The shear strength significantly decreased with increase in organic matter content. Soils incorporated with groundnut haulms had the least strength followed by cow dung and chicken dung. For all the treatments, water retention decreased with increases in pressure. For sandy loam and clay loam soils, and all organic matter types, water retention increased with increases in organic matter level while that of clay soil decreased with increase in organic matter level. For all the three soils, chicken dung incorporation gave the highest volumetric moisture content followed by cow dung and groundnut haulms. Saturated hydraulic conductivity increased with increase in organic matter level and decreased with increases in compaction level. Model equations generated for estimating maximum shear strength and the moisture contents at which they occurred gave r 2-values of 0.72 and 0.73, respectively. Measured values of volumetric moisture content were calibrated with calculated values and this resulted in an r 2-value of 0.97. This implies that the equation used could be used to estimate the volumetric moisture contents of the soils. © 2009 Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences.	Organic material; Shear strength; Soils; Water properties	clay loam; clay soil; hydraulic conductivity; hydraulic property; moisture content; sandy loam; shear strength; soil moisture; soil organic matter; soil texture; water retention	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904211853	Evaluation and optimization of steam and lye peeling processes of sweet potato (Ipomea batatas) using response surface methodology (RSM)	Oladejo A.O., Sobukola O.P., Awonorin S.O., Adejuyigbe S.B.	2014	International Journal of Food Engineering	10	2	10.1515/ijfe-2013-0051	Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, University of Uyo, P.M.B 1017, Uyo, Nigeria; Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal Unive	Oladejo, A.O., Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, University of Uyo, P.M.B 1017, Uyo, Nigeria; Sobukola, O.P., Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Awonorin, S.O., Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Adejuyigbe, S.B., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Sweet potato of uniform sizes and shape were subjected to steam peeling (temperature 80- 100°C and peeling time 5-15 min) and lye peeling (sodium hydroxide concentration 8-12%, temperature 80-100°C and peeling time 3-5 min). Response surface methodology was used to analyze and optimize the process parameters in each case. For steam peeling, the peel loss and unpeeled surface area were 6.85 and 28.16%, respectively, while optimum peeling conditions where temperature and peeling time of 100°C and 5 min, respectively, for minimum peel loss and unpeeled surface area. For lye peeling, however, the peel loss and unpeeled surface area were 13.19 and 13.35%, respectively, and optimum peeling conditions were lye concentration, temperature and peeling time of 8.89%, 100°C and 4.75 min, respectively, for minimum peel loss and unpeeled surface area. The models developed in each case (R-squared of 0.9225 and 0.8428; 0.5929 and 0.8346) were adequate in producing responses as a function of the independent variables. From the optimized values and results obtained, lye peeling was more suitable for sweet potato.	Lye peeling; Optimization; Peel loss; Steam; Sweet potato; Unpeeled surface area	Optimization; Steam; Surface properties; Independent variables; Process parameters; Response surface methodology; Sodium hydroxide concentration; Surface area; Sweet potato; Uniform size; Wood	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908702550	Impact of micro credit and training on efficiency of small-scale entrepreneurs: Evidence from national directorate of employment (NDE) loan/training programmes in Nigeria	Akinrinola O.O., Fasoranti M.M., Aturamu O.A.	2014	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	12	04-Mar	None	Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Economics, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo, Nigeria; Ekiti State College of Education, Ikere, Ekiti, Nigeria	Akinrinola, O.O., Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria; Fasoranti, M.M., Department of Economics, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo, Nigeria; Aturamu, O.A., Ekiti State College of Education, Ikere, Ekiti, Nigeria	This study analyses the impact of micro-credit and training on efficiency of small-scale entrepreneurs, using the National Directorate of Employment (NDE) programme as a case study. National Directorate of Employment (NDE) has been found to be functioning effectively in its training services. However, in the area of credit provision and utilization, there is no empirical evidence to support its efficiency. In order to evaluate the link between the loan/training programmes of the Directorate and the level of efficiency of micro-entrepreneurs in the state, we estimate technical efficiencies and identify significant policy variables influencing efficiency of selected micro enterprises, using the stochastic frontier production function. Results indicate that there are intra and inter group variations in the efficiency of bakers, furniture makers and burnt-brick makers, showing that there is possibility of improving the level efficiency of these entrepreneurs. The most significant determinants of technical efficiencies of bakers, furniture makers and burnt-brick makers are the level of education, business experience, age of operators, credit access, training experience and level of working capital and initial capital outlay. © 2014 World Food Ltd. and WFL Publishers. All rights reserved.	Employment; Entrepreneurs; Loan; Micro credit; Small scale	accounting; Article; commercial phenomena; education; enterpreneur; funding; furniture; human; loan; mathematical model; micro credit; named groups of persons; productivity; program efficacy; stochastic model; training; work experience	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955945560	Effect of management interventions on productive performance of indigenous chicken in Western Kenya	Ochieng J., Owuor G., Bebe B.O., Ochieng D.O.	2011	Livestock Research for Rural Development	23	5	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Management, Egerton University, Box 536, Egerton, Kenya; African Economic Research Consortium (AERC)/CMAAE, Box 62882-00200 Nairobi, Kenya; Livestock Production Systems Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Egerton University, Box 536, Egerton, Kenya	Ochieng, J., Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Management, Egerton University, Box 536, Egerton, Kenya, African Economic Research Consortium (AERC)/CMAAE, Box 62882-00200 Nairobi, Kenya; Owuor, G., Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Management, Egerton University, Box 536, Egerton, Kenya; Bebe, B.O., Livestock Production Systems Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Egerton University, Box 536, Egerton, Kenya; Ochieng, D.O., Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Management, Egerton University, Box 536, Egerton, Kenya	This paper emphasizes the role of management interventions package in productive performance of indigenous chickens in Western Kenya. The management intervention package comprises feed supplementation, housing, chick rearing, brooding and vaccination. The effect was analyzed using log linear regression model which takes the form of Cobb-Douglas production function. The results indicate that farmers who had adopted full management intervention package as recommended by extension service had higher productive performance than farmers who modified and selectively adopted components of management intervention package. Farm production assets, expenditure on feeds, labour, access to extension, group membership and female gender significantly influenced productivity of indigenous chickens. Therefore, rural farm households should adopt management intervention package as recommended to increase productivity, thereby improving financial and food security in rural areas. The study also recommends the formulation and implementation of pro-poor policies aimed at improving socio-economic conditions of farmers to enable them to fully adopt the recommended management intervention package.	Food security; Household; Management interventions package; Productivity	Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907994204	The impact of irrigation technology on the financial and economic performance of smallholder irrigation in Zimbabwe	Mupaso N., Manzungu E., Mutambara J., Hanyani-Mlambo B.	2014	Irrigation and Drainage	63	4	10.1002/ird.1820	Department of Agricultural Economics and Development, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe; Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Zimbabwe, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Mupaso, N., Department of Agricultural Economics and Development, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe; Manzungu, E., Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mutambara, J., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Zimbabwe, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Hanyani-Mlambo, B., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Zimbabwe, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	The study assessed the impact of irrigation technology on the financial and economic performance of smallholder irrigation in Zimbabwe. The study was conducted in 2011 in the Hamamavhaire and Mhende irrigation schemes in Chirumanzu District (south-central Zimbabwe). A questionnaire survey was administered to 79 respondents drawn from farmers using sprinkler (n=32), flood (n=39) and drip (n=8) systems. Gross margin analysis, in conjunction with cost-benefit analysis, was used to evaluate the financial and economic performance of farmers. Farmers using the sprinkler system obtained the highest total gross margin per hectare (US$2762), followed by the flood system with returns that were 21% lower (US$2191), while the drip system recorded 50% lower returns (US$1387). Economic analysis indicated the superiority of the flood system (NPV=US$36 699; IRR=42% and BCR=4) compared to sprinkler irrigation (NPV=US$27 813; IRR=38%; BCR=2) and the drip system (NPV=US$25 393; IRR=23%; BCR=2). While the flood system was the most desirable from the financial and economic points of view, because of low operational costs, this could be offset by negative environmental impacts. The study concluded that the choice of one particular irrigation technology over another is a fine balance between efficiencies that can be achieved and the development and operational costs. Irrigation technology alone does not determine financial and economic viability. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Cost-benefit analysis; Economic performance; Irrigation technology; Sensitivity analysis; Smallholder; Zimbabwe	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649273046	Impact of Fadama II project on income of tomato farmers in Niger State, Nigeria	Tanko L., Jirgi A.J., Ogundeji A.A.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	15	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension Technology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Economics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Tanko, L., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension Technology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Jirgi, A.J., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension Technology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Ogundeji, A.A., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	This study was designed to quantitatively determine the impact of Fadama II Project on the farm income of tomato producers by utilizing primary data from tomato farmers in Bosso and Mokwa Local Government Areas of Niger State for the year 2009. Production function analysis and Chow's analysis of covariance confirmed significant differences in production functions, heterogeneity in slopes and intercepts and factor bias was observed on the production functions of participating and non- participating farmers respectively. The project exerted a positive significant impact on the incomes of the farmers. The study recommends improvement in irrigation performance, introduction of improved varieties of tomato, strengthening relevant research and extension as well as formation of organized farmer associations. ©2010 Academic Journals.	Fadama II Project; Non-participating farmers; Participating farmers; Tomato	Lycopersicon esculentum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34250783208	Performance of the Women-In-Agriculture project in Borno State during and after World Bank support	Elizabeth S.	2007	Journal of Applied Sciences	7	8	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Adamawa State University, PMB 25, Mubi, Nigeria	Elizabeth, S., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Adamawa State University, PMB 25, Mubi, Nigeria	This study compared the performance of the Women-In-Agriculture (WIA) programme in Borno State, Nigeria during and after World Bank funding, 1989-1995 and 1996-2003, respectively. Structured questionnaires were administered to 20 randomly selected WIA agents of Borno State Agricultural Development Programme. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The analysis revealed that most of the WIA activities during the World Bank funding period recorded a high performance index, such as establishment of Small Plot Adoption Techniques (SPAT) (73.10%), establishment of cottage industries (75%) and number of field visits made by the WIA agents (68%). However, after the World Bank funding period, most target set were not achieved, recording (0) achievement rate in (5) activities, such as establishment of cottage industries and equipment of the fortnightly training centers. Based on these findings, it is recommended that funding of the WIA project by the World Bank, Federal, State and Local government should be reactivated. The government should ensure access of women farmers to extension services, inputs and training opportunities. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Borno state; Performance index; Women farmers; World Bank	Agricultural development; Borno state; Cottage industries; Inferential statistics; Local government; Performance indices; Women farmers; World bank; Finance; Surveys; Agriculture	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883764127	Performance of supervised enterprise projects (SEPS) conducted by Sasakawa Africa fund for extension education (SAFE) students of Bayero university Kano, Nigeria	Daneji M.I., Akeredolu M., Suleiman A., Suleiman M.S.	2013	Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education	20	2	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria; Sasakawa Africa Fund for Extension Education, Nigeria; Bayero University, Nigeria	Daneji, M.I., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria; Akeredolu, M., Sasakawa Africa Fund for Extension Education, Nigeria; Suleiman, A., Bayero University, Nigeria; Suleiman, M.S., Bayero University, Nigeria	[No abstract available]	Capacity building; Extension staff; Supervised enterprise projects	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956003660	Impacts of Zimbabwe European union micro-project programme (ZIM/EU MPP) in funding smallholder irrigation projects on food security and income levels: A case study of Mopane irrigation scheme in Zvishavane, Midlands province, Zimbabwe	Nhundu K., Gwata C., Mushunje A.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	14	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, South Africa; Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Fort Hare, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, P. O. Box X1314, South Africa	Nhundu, K., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, South Africa; Gwata, C., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mushunje, A., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Fort Hare, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, P. O. Box X1314, South Africa	At least 70% of smallholders live in the semi-arid regions IV and V where rainfall is erratic and soils in these regions are derived from granite and generally shallow, light textured and of low fertility. As a result, farmers cannot produce adequate grain to meet their annual household requirements by dry land farming. The Zimbabwe/EU Micro-projects Programme has funded smallholder irrigation projects since 1982 to improve the food security in these marginal areas. In an effort to assess the impacts of the ZIM/EU MPP funded irrigation schemes and justify further investments in smallholder irrigation projects, a case study based on a comparative analysis between irrigators and non-irrigators was done at Mopane Irrigation Scheme. Preliminary results indicated irrigators were more food secure than non-irrigators. Using the Gross Margin Analysis, irrigators were found to be better performers with increased incomes than non-irrigators. A regression analysis to examine factors affecting food security level revealed that household size, off-farm income, draught power to be significant at the 5% confidence interval. The study concluded that irrigators were more food secure and better performers than non-irrigators. The ZIM/EU MPP should continue to invest more resources in smallholder irrigation schemes. The study recommends that governments, public and private institutions and non-governmental organisations are recommended to work together defining and implementing comprehensive strategies for smallholder irrigation development, especially in the smallholder communal areas so as to ensure increased food security, income and employment to the rural population. ©2010 Academic Journals.	Food security; Household; Income; Irrigators; Non-irrigators; Smallholder; ZIM/EU MPP	Colophospermum mopane	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33744454929	Structure and performance evaluation of cocoa marketing institutions in South-Western Nigeria: An economic analysis	Folayan J.A., Daramola G.A., Oguntade A.E.	2006	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	4	2	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria	Folayan, J.A., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria; Daramola, G.A., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria; Oguntade, A.E., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria	This study employs various measures of parameters of market structure such as concentration ratio, Gini Coefficients and Herfindahl Index and Market performance such as cost and return and multiple regression analyses in an attempt to examine empirically structural performance of cocoa marketing institutions in South-Western Nigeria using cross sectional data collected from 140 cocoa marketers in the study area. The empirical results revealed that based on the outcome of various parameters measure of market concentration indexes, cocoa market was found to be perfectly competitive. Also, the result of market performance analysis revealed that cocoa marketing is profitable while the postulated regressors explained about 96 percent variation in the quantity of cocoa purchased in the study area.	Exporters; Licensed buying agents; Warehousing market structure and performance	Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548150699	Evaluation of poultry egg marketing in South-Western Nigeria	Afolabi J.A.	2007	International Journal of Poultry Science	6	5	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Afolabi, J.A., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	The study evaluated poultry egg marketing in Nigeria. It specifically identified the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, examined the market structure for egg in the study area, determined the profitability of egg marketing and determined the influence of some socio-economic characteristics on the sales revenue of respondents. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 200 egg marketers in the study area and structured questionnaire administered on them. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentages were used to analyze the socio-economic characteristics of respondents while Gross margin analysis was employed to determine the profitability of the egg business in the study area. Gini coefficient was used to examine the market structure while production function was used to determine the influence of some factors on the sales revenue of respondents. The result showed that only 10% of the respondents were single while the remaining 90% were married. A literacy level of 70.50% was obtained among these marketers. Analysis also revealed that 67% of these marketers were retailers while only 10% were producer/sellers. The profitability analysis showed that an average marketer earned · 4222.55 as gross margin per month. The Gini coefficient of 0.87692 obtained in this study indicates a high level of inequality in income among the respondents. The result also revealed that the regressors explained about 67.1% in the variability of the regressand. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007.	Poultry egg marketing; Profitability of egg business; Socio-economic characteristics	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880689687	Perceived social impacts of disease outbreak among livestock farmers along border villages of South Africa and Namibia	Oladele O.I., Antwi M.A., Kolawole A.E.	2013	Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances	12	2	10.3923/javaa.2013.168.172	Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2735 Mmabatho, South Africa	Oladele, O.I., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2735 Mmabatho, South Africa; Antwi, M.A., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2735 Mmabatho, South Africa; Kolawole, A.E., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2735 Mmabatho, South Africa	This study examines the perceived social impacts of disease outbreak among livestock farmers along border villages of South Africa and Namibia. This was due to the high volume of trans-boundary activities particularly with respect to animals. The Northern Cape shares boundary with Namibia. The population of study is all livestock producers in border villages along Northern Cape provinces, a mix of purposive and random sampling were used to select 140 respondents for the study. Data were collected through the use of questionnaires, on farmers personal and farm characteristics and farmers perceived social impacts of disease outbreak. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze farmers personal and farm characteristics. Regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between livestock farmers' perceived social impacts of disease outbreak and other study variables. The results show that 32% of the livestock farmers fall within the age 61 years and above 83.6% of the farmers are male, 56.4% of the farmers are married; most of the farmers are literate, 67.9% of the respondents have less than five dependents, 97.9% of the farmers have livestock based farming system, 70% reported that they have no contact with extension agent, 89.3% have access to market. Significant determinant of perceived social impacts of disease outbreak are marital status (t = 3.753), farm size (t = -1.82), farming experience (t = -1.836). ©Medwell Journals, 2013.	Disease outbreak; Farm; Livestock farmers; Perception; Social impacts	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873487542	Impact that the Nguni cattle project have on the livelihood of the beneficiaries in North West province South Africa	Cwaile L., Antwi M.A., Oladele O.I.	2012	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	10	42433	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa	Cwaile, L., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Antwi, M.A., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Oladele, O.I., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa	This study examined the impact that the Nguni cattle project have on the livelihood of the beneficiaries in North West province South Africa. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data and analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 18) using frequency counts, percentages and multiple regression. It was found that majority of the Nguni project participants were male (71.2%), married (56%); above 60 years of age (34.3%); 41% had primary education; 67% of the respondents had between 1 to 4 dependants. Their participation had led to increased access to financial, physical, natural, and social capital. Participants were generally favourably disposed to the project and many indicated that constraints in meeting their livelihoods have reduced greatly due to capital acquisition by the project beneficiaries. Significant determinants of total livelihood after project were total hectares (t = -2.90), number of employees (t = 2.14), income (t = -3.25) and attitude (t = 2.33). Significant determinants of constraints were educational level (t = 2.16), farming experience (t = -1.85), total size of hectares (t = -3.14), income (t =-2.56) and contact with extension agent (t = 2.86); while significant determinants of attitude were household size (t = 2.24), total size of hectares (t = 1.69), and contact with extension agent (t = 1.73).	Capital; Cattle; Farmers; Livelihoods; Nguni; North-West; South Africa	adult; aged; agricultural worker; article; cattle; education; female; financial management; grazing management; health program; household; human; major clinical study; male; multiple linear regression analysis; nguni cattle project; nonhuman; South Africa; structured questionnaire	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877013065	Statistical evaluation of sustainability of selected crop production in Nigeria	Samuel Oyekale A.	2012	Life Science Journal	9	4	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa	Samuel Oyekale, A., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa	Sustainable agricultural production is a paramount goal of many developing countries in order to ensure that foods required for the growing population are available in the right quantity and quality. This paper evaluated the extent of sustainability of the Nigerian crop production sector using secondary data from the FAO statistical database. Inferences of sustainability was made with contingency table developed by Monteith (1990) after computing geometric growth rates of land use and crop outputs. Results show that production of majority of the crops was not recently sustainable. Between 1961 and 1980, cereals (4.07%), maize (8.17%), sorghum (5.16%), millet (3.76%), yam (1.08%), kolanut (0.92%), oil palm (0.93%), vegetables and melon (0.82%) and plantain (2.53%) were sustainably cultivated while only cocoa (0.14%) and kolanut (1.82) percent show sustainability between 1981 and 2000. The findings suggest that ensuring sustainability of crop production in Nigeria requires adequate investments in highly productive farm technologies to make up for degradation of soil resources.	Contingency table; Crops; Nigeria; Sustainability	Cucumis; Dioscorea alata; Elaeis; Theobroma cacao; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896133841	Impacts of flooding on coastal fishing folks and risk adaptation behaviours in Epe, Lagos State	Samuel Oyekale A., Mukela F.	2014	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	12	1	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Samuel Oyekale, A., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Mukela, F., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Climatic changes have made flooding a major environmental hazard in the coastal areas of Nigeria. This study assessed the impacts and households' adaptation mechanisms in Epe Division of Lagos State. Data obtained from some fishing folks were subjected to descriptive Probit regression and Tobit regression analytical methods. The results show that the adverse impacts of flooding reduce with ability to migrate, monthly income and possession of other secondary occupations. The females, educated and rich among the fishing folks, are willing to pay significantly higher amounts on insurance against flooding. The study recommended that efforts to address flooding should include an alternative skill development, migration, offering assistance, provision of affordable and quality health services for the treatment of malaria, cholera and dysentery and proper development of early warning signal, among other.	Climate change; Fishing folks; Flooding; Impact; Vulnerability	article; climate change; conceptual framework; environmental impact; fishing; flooding; health impact assessment; human; information processing; morbidity; Nigeria; occupational safety; regression analysis; risk assessment; seashore; socioeconomics; vulnerable population	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883822987	The effects of human resource management and socio demographic characteristics on performance of extension agents in Kwara state of Nigeria	Annor-Frempong F.	2013	Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education	20	2	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, School of Agriculture, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	Annor-Frempong, F., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, School of Agriculture, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	[No abstract available]	Capacity building and socio-economic characteristics; Extension personnel; Human resource management; Job performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929991535	Simulating the Impact of Exogenous Food Price Shock on Agriculture and the Poor in Nigeria: Results from a Computable General Equilibrium Model	Nkang N.M., Omonona B.T., Yusuf S.A., Oni O.A.	2013	Economic Analysis and Policy	43	1	10.1016/S0313-5926(13)50005-1	Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Nkang, N.M., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Omonona, B.T., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Yusuf, S.A., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Oni, O.A., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Motivated by the recent global economic crisis, this paper simulated the impact of a rise in the price of imported food on agriculture and household poverty in Nigeria using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model and the Foster, Greer and Thorbecke (FGT) class of decomposable poverty measures on the 2006 social accounting matrix (SAM) of Nigeria and the updated 2004 Nigeria Living Standards Survey (NLSS) data. Results show that a rise in import price of food increased domestic output of food, but reduced the domestic supply of other agricultural commodities as well as food and other agricultural composites. Furthermore, a rise in the import price of food increased poverty nationally and among all household groups, with rural-north households being the least affected by the shock, while their rural-south counterparts were the most affected. A major policy implication drawn from this paper is that high import prices in import competing sectors like agriculture tend to favour the sector but exacerbate poverty in households. Thus, efforts geared at addressing the impact of this shock should strive to balance welfare and efficiency issues. © 2013 Economic Society of Australia (Queensland) Inc.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82655173307	Performance of smallholder agriculture under limited mechanization and the fast track land reform program in Zimbabwe	Obi A., Chisango F.F.	2011	International Food and Agribusiness Management Review	14	4	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape, 5700, South Africa	Obi, A., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape, 5700, South Africa; Chisango, F.F., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape, 5700, South Africa	The Zimbabwean government has long been committed to expansion of agricultural production through mechanization and pursued this goal under the unpopular fast track land reform program (FTLRP). The acquisition and use of tractors by arable crop farmers in communal and resettlement state land were encouraged. This research examines the performance of the program in the Bindura District. Ninety farmers were interviewed using a multistage sampling technique of structured questionnaires to collect data on demographic background, investment levels and production in terms of costs and returns. The Stochastic Frontier Model revealed the significant impact of the program on participating farmers, highlighting the significance of land and other productive factors. While overall production and productivity remain low, triggering a hyperinflationary situation due to supply constraints, practical implications for agribusinesses are foreseen. © 2011 International Food and Agribusiness Management Association (IFAMA).	Agribusiness management; Agricultural development; Agricultural mechanization; Fast track land reform; Stochastic frontier model; Technical efficiency	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-68949113614	Improved rice variety adoption and its welfare impact on rural farming households in akwa ibom state of Nigeria	Joshua Udoh E., Titus Omonona B.	2008	Journal of New Seeds	9	2	10.1080/15228860802087305	Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Joshua Udoh, E., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Titus Omonona, B., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	In this study cross-sectional data from 200 rice farmers were used to examine the various factors that influence the adoption of improved rice varieties distributed by the State Agricultural Development Programme (AKADEP) and its welfare impact on the farmers. The Foster, Greer and Thorbecke (FGT) class of measures was used to determine the incidence, the depth and severity of poverty among rice farming households who are adopters and non-adopters of improved rice varieties. The incidence, depth, and severity of poverty were higher among households who were non-adopters of improved rice varieties. The Tobit regression model was used to determine the factors that affect adoption and poverty. Educational attainment, access to extension agents, access to credit, access to augmented inputs, farm size, and crop yield were significant determinants of adoption of improved rice varieties. The results of the determinants of household poverty revealed that age, educational attainment, extent of commercialization and probability of adoption negatively influenced household poverty, whereas household size exerted a positive impact on the household poverty levels. The negative impact of adoption of improved rice varieties on household poverty implicitly showed improvement in households'; welfare that had adopted improved rice varieties. These results generally suggest the relevance of adoption of improved rice varieties in improving the welfare of rice farming households. It also suggests relevance of human capital indices like education and extension services as drivers of poverty alleviation and dissemination of new innovations to farming households.	Adoption; Improved rice varieties; Nigeria; Rural farming household; Welfare	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80655140359	Self-perceived competencies assessment and human resource performance of zonal extension managers in northern Nigeria	Ogunlade I., Idowu Oladele O., Agboga F.I.	2011	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	9	04-Mar	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Northwest University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X 2046, Mmabatho 2735, South	Ogunlade, I., Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Idowu Oladele, O., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Northwest University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X 2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Agboga, F.I., Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	This study examined the perceptions of Zonal Extension Managers (ZEMs) in Agricultural Development Projects (ADP) of the northern states in Nigeria regarding their human resource management competence and performance of human resources management activities. A simple random sampling procedure was used to select 13 out of 19 ADPs in northern Nigeria. A total of 52 questionnaires were mailed to the respondents but 42 were returned which made a return rate of 80%. The data were analysed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, rank and multiple correlations. The results show that the ZEMs were all males with mean age of 49.7 years-old, married (92.9%) and 26.2% had B.Sc/B.Agric. The highest human resource management competencies perceived by the ZEM were knowledge of organization (mean=4.69, SD=0.52), interpersonal relations (mean=4.57, SD=0.63) and engagement (mean=4.43, SD=0.70). The human resource management activities for which the ZEM indicated highest means were ability to understand the history, philosophy and contemporary nature of extension (mean=3.81, SD=0.89) and technical proficiency that enhances individual and organizational effectiveness (mean=3.76, SD=0.43). There is a significant positive relationship between human resource management activities, tenure in extension services and human resource management competencies (r=0.57, r=0.11, p=0.05), respectively. The findings revealed the training needs of ZEM in terms of human resource management.	Human resources management competencies; Human resources management performance; Nigeria; Work-related characteristics; Zonal Extension Managers	adult; agriculture; article; attitude; female; human; human relation; leadership; male; manager; Nigeria; philosophy; professionalism; questionnaire; resource management; training	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36849031236	Impact assessment of university-based rural youths Agricultural Extension Out-Reach Program in selected villages of Kaduna-State, Nigeria	Akpoko J.G., Kudi T.M.	2007	Journal of Applied Sciences	7	21	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Nigeria	Akpoko, J.G., Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Nigeria; Kudi, T.M., Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Nigeria	The concern about youths development borders on the believe that they constitute an important labour forbe which can easily become leaders in employing and innovating modem techniques of agricultural production. The National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria in recognition of these potentials has established a rural youths extension out-reach Program to encourage the youths to adopt modem techniques of agricultural production. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of this program on agricultural production. This study was carried out during the 2005/2006 cropping season by comparing the performance of the program participants with non-participants. The results revealed that the participants had an adoption level of improved practices higher than the non-participants. This was further confirmed by the significant relationship found between respondents access to extension services and level of adoption (R = 0.46, p = 0.01). Yield of major crops and income of farmers were slightly higher among the participants than the non-participants. The results of the study have helped to identify for the benefit of policy makers, the type of extension approaches required to encourage rural youths to adopt modern fanning techniques. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Crop yields; Farmers income; Impact assessment; Rural youths; University-based extension out-reach	Adoption level; Agricultural productions; Crop yield; Cropping seasons; Farmers income; Impact assessments; Policy makers; University-based extension out-reach; Modems; Agriculture	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051567838	The farm decision role of price information from commodity exchanges: An ex-ante evaluation using quasi-rational price expectations in Ethiopia	Getnet K., Verbeke W., D'Haese M., Viaene J., D'Haese L.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	15	None	Department of Agricultural Economics, Ambo University College, Ambo, Ethiopia; Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium	Getnet, K., Department of Agricultural Economics, Ambo University College, Ambo, Ethiopia; Verbeke, W., Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; D'Haese, M., Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Viaene, J., Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; D'Haese, L., Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium	Farmers use different information to predict future returns upon which they base current decisions. In designing information systems, knowledge about the information set used by farmers is relevant to have insight into the necessary information that should be made available for farmers. Using quasirational forecasting regression analysis to represent producer price expectation formation, the usefulness of disseminating real time information about the central wholesale prices discovered by the Ethiopian commodity exchange was tested. The results showed that the information about central wholesale prices can help farmers to make unbiased price forecasts. Effective dissemination of real time price information discovered through the Ethiopian commodity exchange was fully supported by the empirical insights from this study. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Ethiopia; Market information; Prices; Quasi-rational expectation; Smallholders	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874908954	Effect of supervisors' specialization on job performance of agriculture science teachers in Botswana Junior Secondary Schools	Molefhe L., Oladele O.I.	2012	Life Science Journal	9	3	None	Department of Agricultural Economics, Education and Extension, Botswana College of Agriculture, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa	Molefhe, L., Department of Agricultural Economics, Education and Extension, Botswana College of Agriculture, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; Oladele, O.I., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa	This paper examines the effect of supervisors' specialization on job performance of agriculture science teachers in Junior Secondary Schools. A simple random technique was used to select 49 agricultural science teachers and 13 supervisors. The teachers were divided into those whose supervisors specialize in agriculture science (ATAS) and those with supervisors do not (ATNAS). Data collected with a structured questionnaire that was face validity and has reliability coefficient of 0.92 were analyzed. The results shows that majority of ATAS and ATNAS indicated that a higher proportion of the supervisors who have the same subject specialization perform their supervisory roles than supervisors who do not specialize in the same subjects. Significant differences exist in the perceived effect of supervision (F = 27.93, p < 0.05) and between ATAS and ATNAS, on Supervisors' specialization (t = 14.97, p < 0.05), and job performance (t = -3.00, p < 0.05).	Agriculture science; Botswana; Subject specialization; Supervision; Teachers	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879304642	The impact of micro financing on poverty levels of rural women farm households in Abia State, Nigeria; implication for policy intervention	Ezeh C.I., Anyiro C.O.	2013	Journal of Central European Agriculture	14	2	10.5513/JCEA01/14.2.1245	Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension Abia State University, Umuahia Campus, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Ezeh, C.I., Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension Abia State University, Umuahia Campus, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Anyiro, C.O., Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension Abia State University, Umuahia Campus, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	This study determined the impact of micro-finance on poverty level of rural women farm households in Abia State, Nigeria: Implication for policy intervention. A multistage random sampling technique was used to select the local government areas, communities and respondents in the three (Aba, Ohafia and Umuahia) agricultural zones of the State. The sample size was 240 (120 a piece for rural women farmer borrowers and non borrowers). Instrument of data collection was a set of structured and pre-tested questionnaire administered on both groups of rural women farmers. The result indicated that incidence of poverty or head count ratio was 0.558 for the rural women farmers borrowers and 0.933 for the rural women farmer non borrowers; poverty gap otherwise known as income short fall was 0.4547 for the rural women farmer borrowers and 0.6995 for the rural women farmer non borrowers. The result of the paired t-test showed that micro-finance impacted significantly on annual farm income, farm size and fertilizer use level of rural women farmer borrowers at given levels of significance. It was however, recommended that increased subsidy policy on agro-inputs and increased funding by the micro-finance will significantly aim at reducing the poverty levels of these women.	Impact; Micro-financing; Poverty levels; Rural women farm households	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883464939	Modelling the impact of the 'fast track' land reform policy on Zimbabwe's maize sector	Kapuya T., Meyer F.H., Kirsten J.F.	2013	Development Southern Africa	30	3	10.1080/0376835X.2013.797232	Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Bureau for Food and Agricultural Policy (BFAP), Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Kapuya, T., Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Meyer, F.H., Bureau for Food and Agricultural Policy (BFAP), Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Kirsten, J.F., Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Zimbabwe has recently gone through a widely criticised land reform process that is argued to be the cause of subdued agricultural production. This paper attempts to present a counterfactual picture of the maize market in Zimbabwe had land reform been managed appropriately. The counterfactual is developed through a partial equilibrium framework in order to quantify the impact of the land reform programme. This, to our knowledge, is the first attempt at applying a partial equilibrium framework to an analysis of the impact of land reform. The results of the post-2000 land reform policy simulation showed that actual total maize output was lower than what could have been produced if it was under a pre-2000 land reform system. The study validates the assertion that land reforms contributed to the contraction of output. These results suggest the need for a well planned and executed land reform process, which can still play an important role in output growth and food security. © 2013 Copyright Development Bank of Southern Africa.	land reform policy; maize; partial equilibrium model; Zimbabwe	agricultural production; land reform; maize; modeling; policy approach; reform process; Zimbabwe; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880506856	Evaluating the performance of small scale maize producers in nigeria: An integrated distance function approach	Aye G.C., Mungatana E.D.	2013	Review of Urban and Regional Development Studies	25	2	10.1111/rurd.12010	Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Aye, G.C., Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Mungatana, E.D., Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	The study evaluates the performance of small scale maize producers in Nigeria using stochastic input distance function (SIDF) and variable returns to scale data envelopment analysis (VRS DEA). Further, it examines the determinants of technical efficiency using the double-bounded Tobit regression model. Results show that maize farmers are operating below the frontier. Technical efficiency estimates from SIDF and VRS DEA models are 86.7 percent and 85.5 percent, respectively. The efficiency estimates obtained from the two models are positively and significantly correlated. Given the high correlation between the two models in our analysis, and for individual variance and bias reduction, the efficiency scores from these models for each farmer are further combined into a single index using the principal component analysis (PCA) approach. Technical efficiency from the integrated model is 86.2 percent. Our findings show that maize production could still be raised by improving farm efficiency. Age, education, household size, membership of a farmer group, access to credit, and market were found to be statistically significant in explaining technical efficiency, thus emphasizing the need for policy intervention in improving farm efficiency. © The Applied Regional Science Conference (ARSC)/Wiley.	None	crop production; data envelopment analysis; maize; numerical model; principal component analysis; small scale industry; technical efficiency; Nigeria; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861502765	The impact of agricultural innovation system interventions on rural livelihoods in Malawi	Mapila M.A.T.J., Kirsten J.F., Meyer F.	2012	Development Southern Africa	29	2	10.1080/0376835X.2012.675699	Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Bureau for Food and Agricultural Policy (BFAP), Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Mapila, M.A.T.J., Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Kirsten, J.F., Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Meyer, F., Bureau for Food and Agricultural Policy (BFAP), Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, South Africa	This study, conducted in central Malawi, assessed the way a research intervention using an agricultural innovation system affected rural livelihoods. Propensity score matching was used to establish one village as a control, against which the impact of the intervention on two study villages [0]could be measured. Using the Enabling Rural Innovation intervention as a case study, it was established that rural livelihood outcomes pertaining to crop and livestock production, household income, asset ownership and fertiliser use were significantly improved by this intervention. In-depth analysis, however, demonstrated that although the participating households had more robust livelihoods during the intervention, when the research programme was phased out the effect was reduced. The authors recommend that local agricultural extension officers should receive more capacity building and budgetary support to ensure proper understanding of agricultural innovation systems concepts and correct application so as to sustain their positive effects. © 2012 Copyright Development Bank of Southern Africa.	agricultural innovation systems; enabling rural innovation; impact evaluation; Malawi; rural livelihoods	capacity building; crop production; farming system; innovation; livestock farming; rural area; Malawi	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955778908	The impact of the water rights system on smallholder irrigators' willingness to pay for water in Limpopo province, South Africa	Speelman S., Farolfi S., Frija A., D'Haese M., D'Haese L.	2010	Environment and Development Economics	15	4	10.1017/S1355770X10000161	Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium; CIRAD, UMR G Eau, Centre for Environmental Economics and Policy in Africa (CEEPA), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Department of Applied Biological Sciences, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium	Speelman, S., Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium; Farolfi, S., CIRAD, UMR G Eau, Centre for Environmental Economics and Policy in Africa (CEEPA), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Frija, A., Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium; D'Haese, M., Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium; D'Haese, L., Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium	Water rights are currently receiving increased attention from scholars and policymakers due to the growing understanding that ill-defined water rights impair efficient use. In South Africa, smallholder irrigation faces problems of low water use efficiency and cost recovery of government investments. This study uses contingent ranking to analyse the willingness to pay (WTP) of smallholder irrigators for changes in the water rights system. The results indicate that smallholders are prepared to pay considerably higher water prices if these are connected to improvements in the water rights system. By segmenting the population it was also shown that the importance attached to water rights dimensions varies in each segment. While lower institutional trust and lower income levels lead to a lower WTP for transferability, experiencing water shortage increases this WTP. Such information is valuable in guiding policy makers in the future design of water rights. © 2010 Cambridge University Press.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871309978	Theoretical performance simulation of a high pressure agro-forestry swirl nozzle	Taiwo A., Oje K.	2012	International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering	5	4	10.3965/j.ijabe.20120504.00	Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Kwara State, Nigeria	Taiwo, A., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Oje, K., Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Kwara State, Nigeria	Equations of dynamic systems in droplet distribution at high pressure and boundary value flows in the swirl chamber of a swirl nozzle were used in conjunction with momentum equations of forces on moving curved vanes to develop mathematical models. A computer program in C++ language was developed and used to simulate the effect of some flow and geometric parameters, including flow rate, pressure and swirl chamber diameter, on the spray performance of a high pressure agro-forestry swirl nozzle. Each of the three performance parameters of axial flow rate, spray cone angle and output discharge (or performance) coefficient were studied as a function of any two combinations of the nozzle supply pressure, exit orifice diameter and swirl chamber diameter. The study established that the spray cone angle of the discharge flow pattern varied from the minimum value of 40° for a swirl chamber diameter of 90 mm to 220° for 40 mm as the exit orifice diameter varied from the minimum value of 0.5 mm to 4.0 mm. The simulated nozzle output discharge coefficient could be varied from 0.98, when the nozzle supply pressure was 400 kPa to the minimum value of 0.001 at any of the other six simulated nozzle supply pressure values of 200, 250, 300, 350, 450 and 500 kPa by varying the exit orifice diameter from 0.5 mm to 4.0 mm. The pattern of variation of the simulated nozzle discharge coefficient values were similar to those obtained by measurement during the validation exercise in the laboratory although their sensitivities to the independent variables were different. The results indicated that the range of nozzle discharge coefficient of 0.80 to 0.98 required for a well designed high pressure agro-forestry swirl nozzle has been simulated. With the successful development of the C++ computer program, a useful tool that will cut down on the rigor encountered and time spent by nozzle designers and evaluators during nozzle development process has been developed in the study.	Agro-forestry; Performance coefficient; Simulation; Spray cone angle; Swirl chamber diameter; Swirl-nozzle	Agroforestry; Performance coefficients; Simulation; Spray cone angle; Swirl chambers; Swirl-nozzle; Computer software; Flow rate; Forestry; High pressure effects; Mathematical models; Orifices; Sensitivity analysis; Timber; Spray nozzles; Agriculture; Fluid Dynamics; Forestry; Geometry; Mathematical Models; Nozzles; Programing Languages; Sensitivity; Simulation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859044666	Impact of Agricultural Extension Services on Cocoyam Production in Ogun State, Nigeria	Olagunju F.I., Adesiji G.B.	2011	Journal of Agricultural and Food Information	12	04-Mar	10.1080/10496505.2011.588937	Department of Agricultural Economics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Olagunju, F.I., Department of Agricultural Economics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Adesiji, G.B., Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	This study measured the impact of extension services on cocoyam production in Ogun State by comparing the output of farmers visited by extension workers (FV) with those not visited (FNV). A multistage sampling technique was used to select 90 farmers. Data were analyzed by means of both descriptive and inferential statistics. The regression result for the cocoyam production model revealed that FNV also enjoyed the benefits of extension services through their interaction with FV or cooperative societies in the study area in what could be termed a "trickle down" effect. These findings suggest that extension can help to close the gap between the output attainable with existing technologies and those actually realized by farmers. © 2011 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	cocoyam farmers; cocoyam production; extension; Nigeria	Colocasia esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862224502	Impact of Migrant Remittances on the Welfare of Arable Crop Farm Households in South Eastern Nigeria	Nwaru J.C., Iheke O.R., Onyenweaku C.E.	2011	Human Ecology Review	18	2	None	Department of Agricultural Economics, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria	Nwaru, J.C., Department of Agricultural Economics, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Iheke, O.R., Department of Agricultural Economics, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Onyenweaku, C.E., Department of Agricultural Economics, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria	This study attempted to examine the impact of migrant remittances on the welfare of arable crop farm households. Primary data were collected from a random sample of 120 respondents comprising 60 each of migrants' remittance receiving and non-remittance receiving households through the cost route method. Data were analyzed using frequency distribution, regression analysis and Chow's test statistic. Results of the analyses show that sex of household head, household size, household age composition, income and sector of employment were the significant factors influencing the welfare of the remittance receiving households while sex, years of education, composition of household work force and sector of employment were the significant factors influencing the welfare of the non-remittance receiving households. The Chow's test revealed that the remittance receiving households have higher welfare status than their non remittance receiving counterparts. Therefore, policies for enhancing migrant remittances and their optimum channeling and use were recommended. © Society for Human Ecology.	Farm Households; Migrant Remittances; Welfare	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749617437	Integrated ecological economics accounting approach to evaluation of inter-basin water transfers: An application to the Lesotho Highlands Water Project	Matete M., Hassan R.	2006	Ecological Economics	60	1	10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.12.010	Department of Agricultural Economics, National University of Lesotho, P.O. Roma, 180, Lesotho; Center for Environmental Economics and Policy in Africa, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa	Matete, M., Department of Agricultural Economics, National University of Lesotho, P.O. Roma, 180, Lesotho; Hassan, R., Center for Environmental Economics and Policy in Africa, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa	This study developed a generalised analytical framework that can be applied to integrating environmental sustainability aspects into economic development planning in the case of exploiting water resources through inter-basin water transfers (IBWT). The study developed and applied a multi-country ecological social accounting matrix (MC-ESAM) for Lesotho and SA to evaluate the ecological implications of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP) and their consequent economic costs and benefits for the two countries. The study further used the developed MC-ESAM multipliers to analyse the impact of lost ecological services downstream the LHWP dams in Lesotho on the wellbeing of households directly affected by the project in Lesotho and the general economies of Lesotho and SA. The results revealed that while the LHWP has significant direct and indirect benefits in terms of social and economic development in Lesotho and SA, the project has serious unintended impacts on ecological resources and services, with deleterious wellbeing implications for populations residing within the reaches of the LHWP rivers and downstream the LHWP dams in Lesotho. The empirical analysis results showed relatively small impacts in general, but were significant for groups of people directly affected by the project in Lesotho. An important limitation of the empirical contributions of the study relates to the inability to measure and include in the analyses values of critical other ecosystem services of affected freshwater resources. Nevertheless, the study demonstrated the importance of integrated ecological economic accounting for comprehensive assessment of IBWT projects' impacts. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Ecological social accounting matrix (ESAM); Human wellbeing; Inter-basin water transfers (IBWT); Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP); Riparians	ecological economics; economic development; social development; sustainability; water resource; Africa; Lesotho; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34248170244	The national agricultural land development programme in Nigeria: Impact on farm incomes in Oyo and Osun states	Idowu E.O.	2006	Land Reform, Land Settlement and Cooperatives	None	2	None	Department of Agricultural Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Idowu, E.O., Department of Agricultural Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	The study assesses the impact of the National Agricultural Land Development Programme on farm incomes in the Oyo and Osun states of Nigeria. In each state, 60 farmers, equally distributed between the participating and non-participating, were randomly selected. The study showed that the programme in these two states achieved less than 2 percent of the targets set for land development and placement of participants during the project life of seven years (i.e. 1992-99), and showed a participant turnover of 76 and 79 percent for Oyo and Osun states, respectively. Similarly, net farm incomes by the farmers (ranging from US$164 to US$267) were grossly inadequate to satisfy the needs of the farmers and their families. The article makes some recommendations to improve the performance of similar projects in the future. These include adequate funding, as well as the provision of rural infrastructure and credit to participants.	None	agricultural development; agricultural land; assessment method; income distribution; Africa; Nigeria; Osun; Oyo; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-66349125904	Impacts of balanced nutrient management systems technologies in the northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria	Akinola A.A., Alene A.D., Adeyemo R., Sanogo D., Olanrewaju A.S.	2009	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	7	2	None	Department of Agricultural Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Lilongwe, Malawi; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria	Akinola, A.A., Department of Agricultural Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Alene, A.D., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Lilongwe, Malawi; Adeyemo, R., Department of Agricultural Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Sanogo, D., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria; Olanrewaju, A.S., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria	As part of a major effort to address soil fertility decline in West Africa, a project on balanced nutrient management systems (BNMS) has been implemented in the northern Guinea savanna (NGS) of Nigeria. The project tested and promoted two major technology packages: a combined application of inorganic fertilizer and manure (BNMS-manure) and a soybean/maize rotation practice (BNMS-rotation). This study used two-stage least squares regression models to examine the socio-economic impacts of the BNMS technologies on household incomes and food security of the adopting farmers. Results showed that average crop yields for maize, sorghum and soybean increased by more than 200% in the villages covered by the project. Among the adopters, the gross margin per ha from maize production was highest for the adopters of BNMS-rotation and lowest for adopters using inorganic fertilizer only. The two-stage least squares regression estimates indicated that increases in farm income due to adoption of BNMS technologies led to an increase of both calorie and protein intake of adopters. An additional one ha of land under BNMS-manure stimulates an increase in food expenditure by about 52%, while a similar change in land area under BNMS-rotation increases food expenditure by 128%.	BNMS-manure; BNMS-rotation; Nigeria; Northern Guinea savanna; West Africa	fertilizer; protein; agricultural worker; article; caloric intake; crop; crop production; food security; Guinea; harvest; household; income; maize; manure; Nigeria; nutrient management; protein intake; savanna; socioeconomics; sorghum; soybean; technology; Glycine max; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77950178352	On biodiversity impact assessment: The rationale, conceptual challenges and implications for future EIA	Wale E., Yalew A.	2010	Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal	28	1	10.3152/146155110X492326	Department of Agricultural Economics, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness (SASA), P Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Asterstraat 85, 6708 DK Wageningen, Netherlands	Wale, E., Department of Agricultural Economics, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness (SASA), P Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Yalew, A., Asterstraat 85, 6708 DK Wageningen, Netherlands	This paper highlights the need for and the conceptual challenges/issues in exercising biodiversity impact assessment (BIA), a subject hardly considered in most environmental impact assessment (EIA) activities so far. The paper attempts to lay the foundation for how future assessments can address biodiversity impacts more explicitly. The paper shows how development interventions and projects meant to take care of peoples' livelihoods are impacting on biodiversity. It presents the possible directions BIA has to focus in integrating externalities to inform decision making on the feasibility of development interventions. This is in essence to prevent, reduce and offset any adverse impacts (on biodiversity) of future development interventions. Addressing biodiversity valuation issues and identifying the appropriate methods to quantify the impacts will remain imperative in future endeavours to evaluate biodiversity impacts. © IAIA 2010.	Biodiversity; Biodiversity impact assessment; EIA	biodiversity; decision making; environmental impact assessment; project assessment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908210702	Patterns and Impact of Public Expenditure on Agriculture: Empirical Evidence from Benue State, Nigeria	Ani D.P., Biam C.K., Kantiok M.	2014	Journal of Agricultural and Food Information	15	4	10.1080/10496505.2014.958933	Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria	Ani, D.P., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Biam, C.K., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Kantiok, M., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria	This study assessed the budgetary allocation to agriculture in Benue State. Secondary data were collected for 10 years from Annual Reports of the Accountant General, Central Bank of Nigeria statistical publications, and Benue State Agricultural and Rural Development Authority (BNARDA). Descriptive statistics and regression were used to analyze the data. The result revealed that the Nigerian Government allocates only 8% of its annual budget to the agricultural sector, with the crop subsector being the most preferred (77.34%). The result of the regression analysis indicated a negative and nonsignificant (−3.3610) contribution to agricultural production. The Government should not only raise the fund allocation to the agricultural sector but devise adequate monitoring and evaluation mechanisms to ensure increased productivity. © 2014, Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846102133	Socio-economic analysis of the impacts of avian influenza epidemic on households poultry consumption and poultry industry in Nigeria: Empirical investigation of Kwara State	Obayelu A.E.	2007	Livestock Research for Rural Development	19	1	None	Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan Oyo state, Nigeria	Obayelu, A.E., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan Oyo state, Nigeria	The paper presents a theoretical and an empirical study of avian flu epidemic in Nigeria. A rapid assessment of the effects of avian flu outbreaks was conducted in May 2006 in kwara State. This was done by a structured interviewed schedule. Thirty Poultry farmers and 100 households were randomly selected for the interview. The results of the analysis showed that avian flu outbreaks and spread in Nigeria have caused serious threat not only to the poultry industry but also to food security and the livelihoods of both the rural and urban communities. The study revealed that there was a fall in consumers' and producers' confidence in poultry. About 75% of poultry farmers were also found to have stopped ordering for new birds to their farms preparing to leave poultry business for other jobs the moment they disposed the birds on their farms. About 80% of the sampled households were found to have stopped the purchase and consumption of poultry products in their households for the fear of being affected by the flu. In addition, prices of chicken and egg were negatively affected with supply outweighing demand. There was a shift of consumers' attentions to consumption of beef, pork, fish, and animal skin as substitute with a decrease in the Gross Domestic Product from agriculture, increase in unemployment rate, worsen health, poverty and malnutrition level. Poultry farmers should be encouraged, educated and assisted on the preventive measures. The farmers can be encouraged on the need for diversification since the outbreaks of the flu incidence mostly occur suddenly. Rearing of Grass cutters, cattle, rabbits and pigs, bee keeping, and snail farming as well as mushroom farming as means of livelihood should be encouraged. There must be extensive public enlightenments on the dangers of flu and how it can be overcome.	Avian flu; Epidemic; Poultry; Socio-economic	Animalia; Apoidea; Aves; Basidiomycota; Bos taurus; Gastropoda; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Sus scrofa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953355255	Climatic variability and its impacts on agricultural income and households' welfare in Southern and Northern Nigeria	Oyekale A.S.	2009	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	8	1	None	Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Oyekale, A.S., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	This study assessed variability in some weather variables and its impacts on agricultural incomes in northern and southern Nigeria. To achieve these, we combined time series weather variables obtained from some meteorological stations in Nigeria with household cross-sectional data collected by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). The descriptive and regression methods were used to analyze the data. The results show high variability in some weather with rainfall exhibiting the highest variability between 1971 and 2003. Impacts of climatic changes on agricultural income and welfare were modeled with climaterelated variables like variability indices of annual for 1971-2003, actual annual rainfall data in 2003, time for gathering fuel wood, time for fetching water and season of interview. It was found that agricultural income and welfare in northern part of Nigeria will be more negatively affected by climatic changes than southern part. The study recommended development of alternative energy sources, promotion of irrigate agriculture and skill development for combating adverse climatic changes, among others.	Agricultural; Climatic variability; Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887524739	Evaluation of the hydropower potential of Otamiri river for electric power generation	Okorafor O.O., Okereke N.A.A., Egwuonwu C.C.	2013	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	6	24	None	Department of Agricultural Engineering, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, P.M.B 1526, Imo State, Owerri, Nigeria	Okorafor, O.O., Department of Agricultural Engineering, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, P.M.B 1526, Imo State, Owerri, Nigeria; Okereke, N.A.A., Department of Agricultural Engineering, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, P.M.B 1526, Imo State, Owerri, Nigeria; Egwuonwu, C.C., Department of Agricultural Engineering, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, P.M.B 1526, Imo State, Owerri, Nigeria	This research presents the estimation of the hydropower potential of River Otamiri through the hydrological analysis of the elements of climate as it affects its catchment area (section passing through the Federal University of Technology Owerri). The study involves the estimation of maximum design floods for the watershed using the Gumbels Probability Distribution Method for various return periods (Tr) with the development of unit hydrograph, storm hydrograph, runoffhydrograph and flood duration curve for the catchment area of the river. In addition watershed parameters like peak flow (Qp), lag time (Tl), time of concentration (Tc) and rainfall intensity (Ic) were determined using the soil conservation service method and other empirical formulas. In order to determine the available flow for power generation, the stage/head of the river was estimated from records provided by the River Basin Development Authority (R.B.D.A) and flow duration analyses were carried out. The analysis revealed that for time flows of 50, 75 and 100% the following energy values were obtained 34.5 MW, 11.3 MW and 1.5 MW, respectively. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2013.	Hydropower; Hydropower potential; River Otamiri	None	None
None	None	Impact of agricultural technology adoption on asset ownership: the case of improved cassava varieties in Nigeria	Awotide B.A., Alene A.D., Abdoulaye T., Manyong V.M.	2015	Food Security	7	6	10.1007/s12571-015-0500-7	Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Lilongwe, Malawi; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania	Awotide, B.A., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Alene, A.D., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria; Abdoulaye, T., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Lilongwe, Malawi; Manyong, V.M., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania	Using household survey data from a sample of about 850 households selected from six States in south-west Nigeria, this paper analyses the effects of the adoption of improved cassava varieties (ICVs) on asset ownership among smallholder farmers. The results of the linear regression with endogenous treatment effects showed that adoption of ICVs is positively related to asset ownership. The results further showed that ICVs had greater impact on asset ownership among female-headed households. The impact analysis using propensity score matching (PSM) showed a significant and positive effect of adoption of ICVs on asset ownership and a negative effect on asset poverty. The empirical results suggest that improved agricultural technologies can play a key role in strengthening asset ownership of smallholder farmers for increased agricultural productivity and income generation. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht and International Society for Plant Pathology.	Adoption; Assets; Cassava; Farmer; Impact; Nigeria; Poverty; PSM	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858633477	Productivity impact differential of improved rice technology adoption among rice farming households in Nigeria	Dontsop Nguezet P.M., Okoruwa V.O., Adeoti A.I., Adenegan K.O.	2012	Journal of Crop Improvement	26	1	10.1080/15427528.2011.608246	Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Dontsop Nguezet, P.M., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Okoruwa, V.O., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Adeoti, A.I., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Adenegan, K.O., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	The contribution of technological change to agricultural productivity in developing countries has long been documented. It is believed that the adoption of new agricultural technologies, such as high-yielding varieties, could lead to significant increases in agricultural productivity and stimulate the transition from low-productivity, subsistence agriculture to a high-productivity agro-industrial economy. The article uses the local average treatment effect (LATE) to estimate the impact of adoption of improved rice varieties on rice farmers' productivity in the three major rice ecologies of Nigeria. A stratified random sampling was adopted by the study to select a sample of 500 rice farmers across ecologies. Findings of the analysis indicated that adoption of improved varieties helped raise farmers' area harvested and yield per hectare, respectively, by 0.39 hectare and 217.9 kg/ha for NERICA and 0.51 hectare and 210.4 kg/ha for other improved varieties, thereby increasing their productivity. In addition, NERICA varieties performed better than any other upland improved variety and the impact of its adoption on both area harvested and yield was greater among female rice farmers than among their male counterparts. Intervention programs to increase the dissemination of high-yielding rice varieties to areas with low productivity are, therefore, a reasonable policy instrument. © 2012 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	Impact; Improved rice technologies; Local average treatment effect; Nigeria; Productivity	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862067780	The adoption and productivity impacts of improved management practices on lowland rice production in Niger State, Nigeria	Rahji M.A.Y.	2008	Tropical Agriculture	85	3	None	Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Rahji, M.A.Y., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	The study sought to identify the factors influencing rice producers' adoption of improved management practices and its impacts on their productivity in Niger State, Nigeria. The data came from a sample survey of the study area. A switching regression model comprising of probit model and production functions was adopted in data analysis. The probit model identified six key significant variables as those influencing adoption by the farmers. These are farm size, extension services, credit, farm income and the land tenure arrangement. The production function analyses indicate a structural shift in the production parameters of the adopters and significant productivity differentials between the groups. Farmland redistribution, farm income improvement, effective extension delivery services, adequate supply of improved seeds and credit delivery system were recommended.	Improved practices adoption; Niger State; Nigeria; Productivity differentials; Rice production	None	None
None	None	Outpatient process quality evaluation and the Hawthorne Effect	Leonard K., Masatu M.C.	2006	Social Science and Medicine	63	9	10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.06.003	Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Maryland, 2200 Symons Hall, College Park, MD 20742, United States; Centre for Educational Development in Health, Arusha, Tanzania	Leonard, K., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Maryland, 2200 Symons Hall, College Park, MD 20742, United States; Masatu, M.C., Centre for Educational Development in Health, Arusha, Tanzania	We examine the evidence that the behavior of clinicians is impacted by the fact that they are being observed by a research team. Data on the quality of care provided by clinicians in Arusha region of Tanzania show a marked fall in quality over time as new patients are consulted. By conducting detailed interviews with patients who consulted both before and after our research team arrived we are able to show strong evidence of the Hawthorne effect. Patient-reported quality is steady before we arrive, rises significantly (by 13 percentage points) at the moment we arrive and then falls steadily thereafter. We show that quality after we arrive begins to look similar to quality before we arrived between the 10th and 15th consultations. Implications for quality measurement and policy are discussed. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Audit and feedback; Hawthorne effect; Out patient department quality evaluation; Tanzania	health care; psychology; research work; analytical research; article; consultation; Hawthorne effect; health care quality; human; interview; medical audit; outpatient; outpatient department; policy; Tanzania; Ambulatory Care; Behavior; Effect Modifiers (Epidemiology); Health Personnel; Humans; Observation; Quality of Health Care; Questionnaires; Tanzania; Africa; Arusha [Tanzania]; East Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903481902	Influence of time of decomposition of plants materials on okra performance in ogbomoso, guinea savanna zone of South-West, Nigeria	Ajibola A.T., Fasola I.A., Modupeola T.O.	2014	Journal of Agronomy	13	3	10.3923/ja.2014.122.126	Department of Agronomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, PMB, Ogbomoso, 4000, Oyo State, Nigeria; National Horticulture Research Institute, Idisin Jericho, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Ajibola, A.T., Department of Agronomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, PMB, Ogbomoso, 4000, Oyo State, Nigeria; Fasola, I.A., Department of Agronomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, PMB, Ogbomoso, 4000, Oyo State, Nigeria; Modupeola, T.O., National Horticulture Research Institute, Idisin Jericho, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Field trial was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso in 2012 to determine the effect of plant biomass types and time of decomposition on the growth and yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) moench). The treatment was a split plot laid out in randomized complete block design. The treatments involved two organic fertilizer types (Neem and Tithonia plant biomass), no fertilizer application (control) and five periods of incorporation (0, 3, 4, 5 and 6 weeks before planting) making a total of ten treatment combinations replicated three times with Okra as the test crop. Data were collected on growth parameters and yield attributes of Okra. The parameters assessed were significantly influenced (p<0.05) by the applied plant biomass types. The highest plant height, number of leaves stem circumference and Suits plant-1 were recorded at 6 weeks before planting irrespective of the plant biomass types. The significantly higher fruit weight were recorded at 4, 5 and 6 weeks before planting irrespective of the plant biomass types. The best performance of Okra in terms of growth were obtained from neem plant biomass type and the best yield was obtained from tithonia plant biomass type while those with no fertilizer recorded the least values. In conclusion, the growth and yield of Okra were improved by plant biomass types and best performance of Okra in terms of growth were obtained from neem plant biomass type while the best yield was obtained from tithonia plant biomass type and 4, 5 or 6 weeks before planting is adjudged as the best period for incorporation of plant biomass in Ogbomoso, Guinea Savanna zone of south west, Nigeria. © 2014 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Growth and yield; Incorporation period; Okra; Plant biomass	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79251517743	Performance of forest management committees in Cross River state, Nigeria	Ogar A.M., Enete A.A.	2010	Outlook on Agriculture	39	4	10.5367/oa.2010.0020	Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Ogar, A.M., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Enete, A.A., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Forest and tree resources are of extreme importance to mankind because they provide a wide variety of useful products that feature in our everyday lives. However, the forest estate of Nigeria is being depleted at an unsustainable annual rate of 3.5% and the Sahara Desert is encroaching southward by about one kilometre each year. The Nigerian state-led forest management structure has failed to check this trend; hence the introduction of forest management committees (FMCs), representing a participatory (including the government) forest management structure led by the owner community. This study examines the performance of FMCs in Cross River state. Information was obtained through oral interviews with officials and a questionnaire survey of other respondents. The results of the data analysis show that the intensity of forest management practices was significantly higher in communities with FMCs than in those without. In communities without FMCs, household income from forestry was derived mainly from timber products and was significantly higher than in communities with FMCs, where forestry income was mainly from non-wood forest products. This shows the level of forestry restriction and regulation obtainable in communities with FMCs. Among the factors identified as influencing respondents' perceptions about the use of FMCs, five were positive and statistically significant: age, level of education, level of household income from forestry, regular harvest of forest products and presence of an erosion problem in the community. The Likert scale rating of the constraints encountered by FMCs indicated that the most challenging of these were: lack of commitment of members, change in government policies, financial constraints, inter- and intra-community conflicts, inadequate support from community leadership and a negative attitude on the part of the community to forest conservation.	Forest resources; Nigeria; Participatory forest management; Sustainability	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846489092	Effects of group design of loan repayment performance of formal farmer groups in Nigeria	Mkpado M., Arene C.J.	2006	Journal of Rural Development	25	4	None	Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Mkpado, M., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Arene, C.J., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Poor loan repayment has been a major factor limiting sustainable micro finance programme and projects in Nigeria despite the adoption of group lending techniques which has worked out in many developing economies. The study has documented group design characteristics that positively and negatively affect farm loan repayment. The study was conducted in Imo State of Nigeria. Two micro finance institutions were purposely selected and stratified random sampling was used to select 54 micro credit groups. Results show that micro credit groups are doing well in processing and distributing farm loans and that major positive determinant of loan repayment is fund size. Thus, continued use of micro credit groups and increased fund size for beneficiaries were recommended.	None	agricultural worker; balance of payments; credit provision; financial provision; lending behavior; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053082704	The impact of land transfers in the different agricultural sectors of the North West Province	Cloete P.C., van Schalkwyk H.D., Idsardi E.F.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	19	None	Department of Agricultural Economics, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; North West University, Private Bag X6001, Internal Box 375, Potchefstroom, 2530, South Africa	Cloete, P.C., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; van Schalkwyk, H.D., North West University, Private Bag X6001, Internal Box 375, Potchefstroom, 2530, South Africa; Idsardi, E.F., North West University, Private Bag X6001, Internal Box 375, Potchefstroom, 2530, South Africa	Imbalances and inefficiency fostered by the policies of the previous South African government necessitate changes to reduce the imbalance of the past and enhance the inclusiveness and competitiveness of the agricultural industry. Against this background, the policy of land reform was initiated. In theory, the agricultural land reform policy might appear effective; given that agriculture is a major contributor to rural economic growth and development. Broadening the economic activities of previous disadvantaged individuals through the acquisition and cultivation of land will help to rebuild and strengthen the rural communities. However, the outcomes of this policy has to date not seen the desired results regarding rural economic development and poverty reduction. Many of the foreseen positive aspects of the land reform policy are also contributors to the potentially negative outcomes of the policy. This makes this specific policy controversial and subject of heated debate. Transfers of land in the various agricultural sectors will impact differently on social-and economic factors. Unless a proper understanding of the impact of transferring land in the different agricultural sectors is established, the controversy around the potential impact of land reform will continue. To obtain a better understanding of this impact, the study employed a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) based partial equilibrium model. Results from the model revealed that the negative impact of the land reform policy largely overshadows the positive effects. Moreover, transfers within the larger agricultural sub-sectors will result in more significant social and economic impacts. Thus, the implementation of the agricultural land reform policy needs to be radical and calculative; otherwise it will result in false expectations, hardship and poverty. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Economic and social impacts; Land reform; Partial equilibrium model	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896978801	Impacts of the SADC free trade agreement on South African agricultural trade	Fadeyi O.A., Bahta T.Y., Ogundeji A.A., Willemse B.J.	2014	Outlook on Agriculture	43	1	10.5367/oa.2014.0154	Department of Agricultural Economics, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Fadeyi, O.A., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Bahta, T.Y., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Ogundeji, A.A., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Willemse, B.J., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Trade is an essential component of modern society, with nations signing bilateral trade agreements to engage in various forms of economic integration. Developing countries in southern Africa are also involved in economic integration to underpin development. The Southern African Development Community (SADC) became a free trade area in 2008 for the economic integration of its members. This study evaluates the impact of the SADC Free Trade Agreement (SADC FTA) on South African agricultural trade using the Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood (PPML) specification of gravity model to determine the significance of variables within the model. Bilateral trade data were obtained from the United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics (UN Comtrade) database and the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), while data on gross domestic product and population were sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators (WDI) database. The results show that there has been a net trade-creating effect and increasing intra-SADC bloc trade in beef. Intra-regional trade in maize has also been stimulated by the implementation of the agreement.	Gravity model; Regional agreements; South africa; Trade creation; Trade diversion	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858966795	Evaluation of substrate productivity and market quality of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) grown on different substrates	Chitamba J., Dube F., Chiota W.M., Handiseni M.	2012	International Journal of Agricultural Research	7	2	10.3923/rjar.2012.100.106	Department of Agronomy, Midlands State University, Zimbabwe department of Civil Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP. 167, P. Bag 9055, Gweru, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Horticulture, Midlands State University, P. Bag 9055, Gweru, Zimbabwe	Chitamba, J., Department of Agronomy, Midlands State University, Zimbabwe department of Civil Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP. 167, P. Bag 9055, Gweru, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Dube, F., Department of Horticulture, Midlands State University, P. Bag 9055, Gweru, Zimbabwe; Chiota, W.M., Department of Agronomy, Midlands State University, Zimbabwe department of Civil Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP. 167, P. Bag 9055, Gweru, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Handiseni, M., Department of Agronomy, Midlands State University, Zimbabwe department of Civil Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP. 167, P. Bag 9055, Gweru, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Substrate type is one of the major factors affecting the yield and quality of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). Six substrates; cotton lint waste, maize stover, jatropha cake, corncobs, wood shavings and wheat straw were evaluated for their productivity and impact on mushroom market quality of P. ostreatus. Wheat straw was used as a control because it is commonly used for mushroom production in Zimbabwe. The experiment was carried out in a low cost mushroom growing house and laid out in a randomized complete block design with each treatment replicated four times. Bags containing the pasteurized substrates were spawned at a rate of 8%. Three flushes were harvested from which substrate productivity was evaluated by determining mean number of basidiocarps (MNB), mean basidiocarp weight (MBW) and biological efficiency (BE) while mushroom market quality was evaluated on the basis of basidiocarp percentage number within pileus diameter groups; >7, 5-7, 3-5, <3 cm and a deformed group. Fruiting occurred in the other substrates with significant differences in MBW (p<0.00l), MNB (p<0.05) and BE (p<0.00l) among the substrates. There were no significant differences among cotton lint waste, wheat straw and maize stover in MBW and BE. However, cotton lint waste had the highest productivity followed by wheat straw. Corncobs and wood shavings performed poorly and there were no fruiting bodies on jatropha cake. Wood shavings had significantly lower basidiocarp percentage number within the >7 and 5-7 cm size groups and highest in the deformed group. There were, however, no significant differences in the 3-5 and <3 cm size groups (p>0.05). Cotton lint waste and maize stover are competent alternatives to wheat straw as they are equally productive and produce high market quality mushrooms. © 2012 Academic Journals Inc.	Mushroom market quality; Pleurotus ostreatus; Substrate productivity	Basidiomycota; Gossypium hirsutum; Jatropha; Pleurotus ostreatus; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays	None
None	None	Rice for food and income: Assessing the impact of rice research on food security in the Kyela and Kilombero districts of Tanzania	Mwaseba D.L., Kaarhus R., Johnsen F.H., Mattee A.Z., Mvena Z.S.K.	2007	Outlook on Agriculture	36	4	None	Department of Agricultural Education and Extension, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of International Environment and Development Studies (Noragric), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB), PO Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway	Mwaseba, D.L., Department of Agricultural Education and Extension, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Kaarhus, R., Department of International Environment and Development Studies (Noragric), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB), PO Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; Johnsen, F.H., Department of International Environment and Development Studies (Noragric), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB), PO Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; Mattee, A.Z., Department of Agricultural Education and Extension, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Mvena, Z.S.K., Department of Agricultural Education and Extension, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania	This paper assesses the impact of rice research on household food security in Tanzania. The adoption of research-based innovations in rice farming, on which the impact of rice research is assumed to depend, is outlined. Rice production and consumption levels are presented. The paper shows that farmers produce rice for meeting a range of livelihood outcomes, including food security. However, meeting household needs such as education, health and building good houses are as important as food security. In this context, it is argued that food security should be understood within the framework of household livelihood strategies rather than being seen as dependent on household rice production.	Food security; Impact assessment; Livelihoods; Rice research; Tanzania	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873470588	Home influences on the academic performance of agricultural science students in Ikwuano Local Government Area of Abia State, Nigeria	Ndirika M.C., Njoku U.J.	2012	Research in Education	88	1	10.7227/RIE.88.1.7	Department of Agricultural Education, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria	Ndirika, M.C., Department of Agricultural Education, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria; Njoku, U.J., Department of Agricultural Education, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria	This study was conducted to investigate the home influences on the academic performance of agricultural science secondary school students in Ikwuano Local Government Area of Abia State. The instrument used in data collection was a validated questionnaire structured on a two point rating scale. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 150 students from nine secondary schools. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics: frequency and mean to investigate the influence of students' participation in practical agriculture at home, students' engagement in extra lessons, parental influence and parents' motivation to their children. Results indicated that involvement in practical agriculture at home, having extra lessons at home, having a reading timetable and enough textbooks, parents checking of their children's school work, prompt payment of school fees and intact family positively affect the academic performance of agricultural science students. Recommendations were made among which is the need for students to be involved in extra lessons at home and in practical agriculture. © Manchester University Press.	Academic performance; Agriculture; Home; Influence; Science	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649759162	Performance evaluation of a palm fruit bunch stripper	Ojomo A.O., Ologunagba F.O., Alagha S.A.	2010	Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences	5	9	None	Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria	Ojomo, A.O., Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria; Ologunagba, F.O., Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria; Alagha, S.A., Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria	A palm fruit stripper that was designed and fabricated at the Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo was evaluated for the stripping of quartered bunches. Studies were conducted on the effect of machine speed (1500rpm, 2000rpm and 2500rpm) and the time of steaming (10min, 20min and 30min) on the machine out-put capacity, efficiency and quality performance efficiency. The performance of the palm fruit stripper was evaluated at different levels of machine and crop variables. Machine speed and time of steaming statistically affected the machine performance at 5% significance level using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The performance was found to be influenced by all studied variables, however, the machine gave the best stripping efficiency of 93.4%, quality performance of 91.2% and output capacity of 74.9kg/hr with the least damaged seed of 0.4% at 2500rpm machine speed and 30mins time of steaming, when compared with other combinations of variables. © 2006-2010 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.	Efficiency; Output capacity; Palm fruit bunch stripper; Performance evaluation; Steaming; Time	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951703159	Evaluation of the parameters affecting the solvent extraction of soybea oil	Lawson O.S., Oyewumi A., Ologunagba F.O., Ojomo A.O.	2010	Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences	5	10	None	Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria	Lawson, O.S., Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria; Oyewumi, A., Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria; Ologunagba, F.O., Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria; Ojomo, A.O., Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria	Soybean is grown primarily for its protein content and secondarily for its oil; it is an excellent protein supplement for enriching cereal diet. The primary processing of soybean before oil extraction include cleaning, cracking, flaking and conditioning, these ruptures the oil cells, for efficient extraction. Most modern oil extraction industries use the solvent extraction process and the solvent commonly used is the food grade hexane. In this paper detail experiments were carried out on the various processing parameters affecting the solvent extraction of soybean oil. Among the process factors considered are: particle size, flakes thickness, temperature of extraction, extraction time, flakes and particle moisture content. The results showed that, at a particle size of 2mm, flakes thickness of 0.25mm, moisture content of 12-13%, temperature of 69 °C and the extraction time between 3/12; and 4/12; hours, the oil yield was maximum. © 2006-2010 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN).	Extraction; Flakes; Miscella; Solvent; Soybean; Temperature	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649752336	Performance evaluation of a fish feed pelletizing machine	Ojomo A.O., Agbetoye L.A.S., Ologunagba F.O.	2010	Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences	5	9	None	Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Ojomo, A.O., Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria; Agbetoye, L.A.S., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Ologunagba, F.O., Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria	A pelletizing machine for the production of fish feed was designed and fabricated. It consists of a hopper, barrel which houses the screw conveyor (auger), the cutting knife and the die orifice. Power supply to the machine is from 2 kW, 1420 rpm single phase electric motor. The performance evaluation of the machine was carried out. The main objective was to investigate the effects of moisture contents and the speed of operation on the performance of the machine. It was observed that the pelletizing efficiency, throughput capacity and the percentage recovery of the machine increased with increase in moisture content and the speed of the machine. The machine showed higher throughput capacity of 19.7 kg/h with maximum pelletizing efficiency of 87.6%. Moisture content constituted a greater portion of variability in efficiency than speed. A unit increase in moisture content resulted in an increase of about 20% in pelletizing efficiency whereas a corresponding unit increase in speed only increased the pelletizing efficiency by 3%. The machine does not make use of steam thereby making it easier to operate. The adoption of the pelletizing machine by small and medium scale farmers would go a long way in helping them to produce their own feed with local contents thereby alleviating the problems associated with the sourcing of imported feeds. © 2006-2010 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.	Efficiency; Fish feed; Moisture content; Pelletizing machine; Performance evaluation; Speed	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859821836	Evaluation of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Performance and soil properties under tillage methods and poultry manure levels	Agbede T.M., Adekiya A.O.	2011	Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture	23	2	None	Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria; Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Agbede, T.M., Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria; Adekiya, A.O., Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Research study on the effect of tillage systems and application rate of poultry manure on sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) in Alfisol of southwest Nigeria is lacking. Field trials were conducted in 2006, 2007 and 2008 cropping seasons on an Alfisol (Oxic Tropuldalf) at Owo in rainforest zone of southwest Nigeria. The trials consisted of the factorial combinations of two tillage methods (manual clearing and conventional tillage) and four manure levels (0, 5, 10 and 15 t/ha) arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Conventional tillage alone (CTo) resulted in lower soil N, P, K, Ca, Mg and soil organic C and better leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg concentrations, growth and yield of sweet potato compared with manually cleared (MCo) plots. The better performance of sweet potato under conventional tillage (CTo) was adduced to reduced bulk density. Bulk density was negatively correlated with yield. Conventional tillage alone (CTo) improves sweet potato tuber yield by 62, 55 and 42% in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively compared with manual clearing alone (MCo). In both the manually cleared and conventionally tilled plots, soil organic C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg and water content increased with amount of poultry manure, while soil pH, bulk density and temperature were reduced. Yields given by 5, 10 and 15 t/ha poultry manure were not significantly different under both manually cleared and conventionally tilled treatments. Conventional tillage plus 5 t/ha poultry manure (CT+5 PM) produced the highest overall yield. Compared with manual clearing alone (MCo) and conventional tillage alone (CTo), conventional tillage plus 5 t/ha poultry manure (CT+5 PM) improved tuber yield of sweet potato by 117 and 43%, respectively. Therefore the use of 5 t/ha poultry manure with conventional tillage is recommended for sweet potato production on an Alfisol of southwest Nigeria.	Bulk density; Nutrient concentrations; Poultry manure; Sweet potato; Tillage	Ipomoea batatas; Solanum tuberosum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868283667	Irrigation scheduling impact assessment MODel (ISIAMOD): A decision tool for irrigation scheduling	Igbadun H.E.	2012	Indian Journal of Science and Technology	5	8	None	Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria	Igbadun, H.E., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria	This paper presents a process-based simulation known as Irrigation Scheduling Impact Assessment MODel (ISIAMOD). It was developed to simulate crop growth & yield, soil water balance and water management response indices to define the impact of irrigation scheduling decisions. ISIAMOD was calibrated and validated using data from field experiments on the irrigated maize crop conducted in an irrigation scheme located in south western Tanzania. The model adequately simulates crop biomass yield, grain yield, seasonal evapotranspiration and average soil moisture content in the crop effective rooting depth. Some unique features of this model make it a major improvement over the existing crop-soil simulation models. © Indian Society for Education and Environment (iSee).	Crop water productivity; Irrigation scheduling; ISIAMOD; Simulation model; Water management	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84882999295	Evaluating performance of vertical flow constructed wetland under various hydraulic loading rates in effluent polishing	Maina C.W., Mutua B.M., Oduor S.O.	2011	Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development	1	2	10.2166/washdev.2011.025	Department of Agricultural Engineering, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536 - 20115, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Biological Sciences, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536 - 20115, Nairobi, Kenya	Maina, C.W., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536 - 20115, Nairobi, Kenya; Mutua, B.M., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536 - 20115, Nairobi, Kenya; Oduor, S.O., Department of Biological Sciences, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536 - 20115, Nairobi, Kenya	The discharge of untreated wastewater or partially treated effluent and runoff from agricultural fields into water bodies is a major source of surface water pollution worldwide. To mitigate this problem, wastewater treatment using wastewater stabilization ponds and constructed wetlands have been promoted. The performance of such wastewater treatment systems is strongly dependent on their hydraulics, which if not properly considered during design or operation, may result in the partially treated effluent being discharged into water bodies. This paper presents results from a study that was carried out to evaluate the performance of a vertical flow constructed wetland system under varying hydraulic loading regimes. The influent and effluent samples from the constructed wetland were collected and analysed for physical, chemical and biological parameters of importance to water quality based on recommended standard laboratory methods. The data collected was useful in determining the treatment efficiency of the wetland. The hydraulic loading rate applied ranged between 0.014 and 0.174 m/day. Phosphorus reduction for the different hydraulic loading rates ranged between 92 and 47% for lowest and highest loading rates applied respectively. However, ammonium nitrogen reduction was not significantly affected by the different hydraulic loading rates, since the reduction ranged between 97 and 94%. © IWA Publishing 2011.	Constructed wetland; Hydraulic loading rates; Hydraulics; Treatment efficiency	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897443948	Design, construction and performance evaluation of a model waste stabilization pond	Egwuonwu C.C., Okafor V.C., Ezeanya N.C., Nzediegwu C., Suleiman A., Uzoigwe O.	2014	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	7	9	None	Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria	Egwuonwu, C.C., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Okafor, V.C., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Ezeanya, N.C., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Nzediegwu, C., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Suleiman, A., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Uzoigwe, O., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria	The study aimed at the design, construction and performance evaluation of a model Waste Stabilization Pond (WSP). The WSP comprised of one facultative pond and three maturation ponds all in series. The influent of the WSP after filtration through the lined sandy loam media (obtained from the premises of Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria) had the BOD reduced to 22 mg/L from 356 mg/L indicating a 93.8% removal level. A faecal coli form count (fc) of the influent sample gave 1×108 fc/100 mL, whereas the effluent gave 10 fc/100 mL which was 99.9% fc removal. The value of 150 mg/L of the Total Suspended Solids (TSS) for the influent was reduced to 26 mg/L for the effluent after treatment. It was concluded that the effluent from the WSP was within the limits of Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) standard of 30 mg/L for TSS, 30 mg/L for BOD5 and 400 fc/100 mL for faecal coli form thus making the waste water safe for discharge into surface water as well as its use for irrigation after treatment. The sandy loam soil media was found to be non-promising earlier in the removal process until it was lined with polyethylene material. A clay media was therefore recommended. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2014.	Construction; Design; Evaluation; Model; Performance; Waste stabilization pond	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866786657	Design, construction and performance evaluation of a modified cassava milling machine	Nwaigwe K.N., Nzediegwu C., Ugwuoke P.E.	2012	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	4	18	None	Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Energy Commission of Nigeria, National Centre for Energy Research and Development, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Nwaigwe, K.N., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Nzediegwu, C., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Ugwuoke, P.E., Energy Commission of Nigeria, National Centre for Energy Research and Development, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	This study on the design and construction of a modified cassava milling machine was done, owing to the inability of existing mills to meet the demand of cassava flour in bakery industries. Rational design by drawing and calculations and fabrication in the Centre for Industrial Studies (CIS) FUTO were used to bring this mill to reality. The modified cassava milling machine has a milling efficiency of 82.3%, it is dust free and self-cleaning and due to proper air circulation does not destroy the cassava flour produced by overheating. The cassava flour produced was found to have a fineness modulus (fm) of 0.31, Uniformity index (U) of 0: 1: 9 (coarse: medium: fine) and effective size (D 10) of 0.075 mm which is better than that produced by an existing mill (hammer mill) of fineness modulus (fm) 2.32, uniformity index (U) of 4:1:5 and effective size (D 10) of 0.085 mm. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2012.	Cassava; Flour; Hammer mill; Milling machine	Air circulation; Bakery industry; Cassava; Cassava flour; Design and construction; Effective size; Fineness modulus; Flour; Hammermills; Performance evaluation; Rational design; Uniformity index; Design; Grinding mills; Milling machines; Plants (botany)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872173988	Development and performance evaluation of a mobile solar dryer for cassava chips	Olalusi A.P., Ogunlowo A.S., Bolaji B.O.	2012	Energy and Environment	23	8	10.1260/0958-305X.23.8.1261	Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 704, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Olalusi, A.P., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 704, Akure, Nigeria; Ogunlowo, A.S., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 704, Akure, Nigeria; Bolaji, B.O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	In this study, a mobile, indirect passive solar drying system was designed and constructed on the principles of convective heat flow using locally sourced materials to dry cassava chips. The performance of the dryer was evaluated and the results obtained showed that the system is to a large extent effective in dehydrating food items reasonably and rapidly to a save moisture level. The maximum temperatures obtained in the collector, lower and upper parts of the drying chamber were 78.5, 71.0 and 68.5 C, respectively during the validation test at no-load operating condition, while maximum temperature of 71.0, 62.5 and 60.0deg;C, respectively were obtained during the dehydration test. The maximum ambient air temperature was 33.5deg;C. The dryer was able to reduce the moisture content of 500 g cassava chips from 74.5 to 20.3% (dry basis) in 6 hours of effective dehydration time. The system overall thermal efficiency and average drying rate were found to be 58.4% and 0.083 kg/h, respectively.	cassava chips; dryer; mobile; performance; solar	Ambient air temperature; Cassava chips; Convective heat; Drying chambers; Drying rates; Locally sourced materials; Maximum temperature; mobile; Moisture level; Operating condition; Passive solar; performance; Performance evaluation; solar; Thermal efficiency; Validation test; Dehydration; Dryers (equipment); Moisture determination; Solar dryers; Plants (botany); air temperature; ambient air; cassava; heat flow; temperature effect; Calluna vulgaris; Manihot esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57049084462	Environmental impact prediction of air quality in a food processing environment	Chukwu O.	2008	International Journal of Postharvest Technology and Innovation	1	3	10.1504/IJPTI.2008.021469	Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	Chukwu, O., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	An impact study of food processing factory in Nigeria on air quality of its environment was studied using a factorial experiment. The effects of three primary air pollutants (by-products of the food processing): nitrogen (IV) oxide (NO2), carbon (IV) oxide (CO2) and sulphur (IV) oxide (SO2) on formation of acid rain also studied. These factors and their interactions in the predictive model showed significant impact on hydrogen ion concentration [H+], which is the key intrinsic parameter of acid rain. However, SO2 had higher detrimental influence than the other pollutants. Statistical analysis of the experimental data showed that the predictive model is adequate for obtaining optimum conditions. Validation of the model gave a correlation coefficient of 0.9999 between the measured and predicted values. Copyright © 2008 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	Acid rain; Air quality; Environmental impact; Food processing industry	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-56849088350	Technical and institutional evaluation of geray irrigation scheme in West Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia	Checkol G., Alamirew T.	2008	Journal of Spatial Hydrology	8	1	None	Department of Agricultural Engineering, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia	Checkol, G.; Alamirew, T., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia	The technical and institutional performance evaluation of Geray Irrigation Scheme was made in order to identify management practices for implementation to improve the system operation and the performance of the irrigation system. The evaluation was made based on the selected performance indicators such as conveyance efficiency, application efficiency, water delivery performance, and maintenance indicators. The availability of institutional and support services were also investigated through a questionnaire administered to beneficiary farmers and other stakeholders. The results obtained showed that the main and tertiary canal conveyance efficiencies were 92 and 82 percents respectively. Many of the secondary and tertiary canals are poorly maintained and many of the structures are dysfunctional. Application efficiency monitored on three farmers' plot located at different ends of a given secondary canal ranges from 44 to 57 percent. Water delivery performance was only 71% showing a very substantial reduction from the design of the canal capacity. Maintenance indicator evaluated in terms of water level change (31.9%) and effectiveness of the infrastructures showed that the scheme management was in a very poor shape. Dependability of the scheme evaluated in terms of duration and irrigation interval showed that the scheme is performing below the intended level. The 47% of the land initially planned for development is currently under irrigation while there is no change in the water supply indicating that the sustainability of the scheme is in doubt. The cooperative support services that had been rendered to the beneficiaries in the past four years were found to be minimal. Moreover, there were few indicators that show the production was market oriented. The evaluation clearly revealed the fact that conflict resolution remains to be the duty of the local community authorities and Water User Associations (WUA) has no legal right to enforce its bylaws. In conclusion, the overall technical adequacy of the scheme is rated very poor requiring tremendous mobilization of the community to sustainably manage it. Proper institutional setup needs to be in place, and WUA needs to be more empowered in order to enforce its by-laws.	Ethiopia; Irrigation institution; Irrigation performance; Support services	irrigation system; questionnaire survey; water management; water supply; Africa; Amhara; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82555167408	Development and performance evaluation of an okra drying machine	Owolarafe O.K., Obayopo S.O., Amarachi O.A., Babatunde O., Ologunro O.A.	2011	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	3	9	None	Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Owolarafe, O.K., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Obayopo, S.O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Amarachi, O.A., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Babatunde, O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Ologunro, O.A., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	An okra dryer was designed, constructed and evaluated in this study for post-harvest processing of the fruit. The dryer consists of a heating chamber, two drying trays, a blower of 1 hp, two heating elements of 2000W each, 4 roller tyres for ease of mobility, a control box which consist of a thermostat that regulates the temperature in the dryer. The result of evaluation of the dryer in no load indicated that it was able to yield temperature very close to the preset (by the thermostat) after about 3 min. The dryer was evaluated by drying okra of different thickness (5 and 10 mm), in two trays at two heights (25cm and 50cm from the bottom) and at a preset temperatures of 50 and 70°C. Moisture losses from the slices were obtained at intervals of 30, 45, 60 and 90 min. The result showed that increase in temperature from 50 to 70°C, increases moisture loss from the slices. Slices of 5 mm thickness were observed to dry faster than 10 mm slices with those on the upper tray losing more moisture. The study further showed that slice thickness of 5 mm dried at 70°C in the upper tray level of 60 cm from the base of the dryer are suitable for drying okra slices in the dryer. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2011.	Development; Drying; Evaluation; Okra dryer; Post-harvest; Slices	Development; Evaluation; Okra dryer; Postharvest; Slices; Driers (materials); Dryers (equipment); Moisture; Thermostats; Drying	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855185437	Development and perfonnance evaluation of a dehulling machine for African breadfruit (Treculia africana)	Etoamaihe U.J., Ndubueze K.C.	2010	Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences	5	4	10.3923/jeasci.2010.312.315	Department of Agricultural Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria	Etoamaihe, U.J., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Ndubueze, K.C., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria	A motorized African breadfruit seed dehuller was designed, fabricated and tested. Results showed that the machine had a maximum dehulling efficiency of 86% at 225 rpm speed and a maximum dehulling capacity of 176.2 kg h -1 at 425 rpm speed. There were significant effects of speeds on both the dehulling capacity and dehulling efficiency of the machine at 5% level of significance. The dehulling capacity increased with speed while the dehulling efficiency decreased with increased speed. The estimated cost of the machine was N35000 (USD250). © Medwell Journals, 2010.	African breadfruit; Dehuller; Dehulling capacity; Dehulling efficiency; Seed; Vegetable oil	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-27644434475	On farm evaluation of the effect of low cost drip irrigation on water and crop productivity compared to conventional surface irrigation system	Maisiri N., Senzanje A., Rockstrom J., Twomlow S.J.	2005	Physics and Chemistry of the Earth	30	None	10.1016/j.pce.2005.08.021	Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, P.O. Box CY 639, Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mt. Pleasant, Zimbabwe; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mt. Pleasant, Zimbabwe; ICRISAT-Matopos, P.O. Box 776, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe	Maisiri, N., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, P.O. Box CY 639, Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe; Senzanje, A., Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mt. Pleasant, Zimbabwe; Rockstrom, J., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mt. Pleasant, Zimbabwe; Twomlow, S.J., ICRISAT-Matopos, P.O. Box 776, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe	This on-farm research study was carried out at Zholube irrigation scheme in a semi-arid agro tropical climate of Zimbabwe to determine how low cost drip irrigation technologies compare with conventional surface irrigation systems in terms of water and crop productivity. A total of nine farmers who were practicing surface irrigation were chosen to participate in the study. The vegetable English giant rape (Brassica napus) was grown under the two irrigation systems with three fertilizer treatments in each system: ordinary granular fertilizer, liquid fertilizer (fertigation) and the last treatment with no fertilizer. These trials were replicated three times in a randomized block design. Biometric parameters of leaf area index (LAI) and fresh weight of the produce, water use efficiency (WUE) were used to compare the performance of the two irrigation systems. A water balance of the inflows and outflows was kept for analysis of WUE. The economic profitability and the operation, maintenance and management requirements of the different systems were also evaluated. There was no significant difference in vegetable yield between the irrigation systems at 8.5 ton/ha for drip compared to 7.8 ton/ha in surface irrigation. There were significant increases in yields due to use of fertilizers. Drip irrigation used about 35% of the water used by the surface irrigation systems thus giving much higher water use efficiencies. The leaf area indices were comparable in both systems with the same fertilizer treatment ranging between 0.05 for surface without fertilizer to 6.8 for low cost drip with fertigation. Low cost drip systems did not reflect any labour saving especially when manually lifting the water into the drum compared to the use of siphons in surface irrigation systems. The gross margin level for surface irrigation was lower than for low cost drip irrigation but the gross margin to total variable cost ratio was higher in surface irrigation systems, which meant that surface irrigation systems gave higher returns per variable costs incurred. It was concluded that low cost drip systems achieved water saving of more than 50% compared to surface irrigation systems and that it was not the type of irrigation system that influenced the yield of vegetables significantly but instead it is the type of fertilizer application method that contribute to the increase in the yield of vegetables. It was recommended that low cost technologies should be used in conjunction with good water and nutrient management if higher water and crop productivity are to be realized than surface irrigation systems. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Brassica napus; Fertigation; Low cost drip; Water productivity; Water use efficiency	Cost effectiveness; Crops; Economics; Evaporation; Fertilizers; Flow of water; Productivity; Soils; Transpiration; Water supply; Brassica napus; Fertigation; Low cost drip; Water productivity; Water use efficiency; Irrigation; crop production; drip irrigation; performance assessment; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; World; Zimbabwe; Brassica napus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958730136	Modern mill technology and centralised processing system, an alternative for improving performance of palm oil mills in Abia State, Nigeria	Owolarafe O.K., Oni O.A.	2011	Technology in Society	33	02-Jan	10.1016/j.techsoc.2011.03.002	Department of Agricultural Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; New Nigerian Foundation, Lagos, Nigeria	Owolarafe, O.K., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Oni, O.A., New Nigerian Foundation, Lagos, Nigeria	An assessment of palm fruit processing technologies in Abia State palm oil industry was carried out in this study. About 95% of the mills were in the small scale category with capacities in the range 0.2-3.0 t/hr. Majority (80-90%) of the mills still utilized local drums for sterilisation of fruit and clarification of oil. Palm fruit digestion and oil extraction operations have been mechanised to some extent with about 90% of the mills having one device or the other to handle the operations. Hand-operated screw press was predominant (80%) in most of the mill as a device for palm oil extraction. Fruit stripping was manually carried out. Nut/fibre separation by mechanical method is adopted by small group (40%) of the mills and 90% of the mills utilize nut cracker to crack their nuts. Most of the machines being utilized are sourced locally. Maintenance of the machines was being carried out mainly when they develop faults. More than 50% of the mills have abandoned one machine or the other with breakdown of machines being the predominant reason. Most of the mills sourced fruit by purchase or served as processing centre. The extraction rate of the mills was very low and was in the range of 7-13%. Cost of production was very high when compared with other West African palm oil producing countries. Introduction of a large scale mill utilising modern technology (and centralised processing system) in form of Public Private Partnership is being proposed. Such system will have to be backed up a palm oil act as well as adequate mobilization of the farmers in order to facilitate the adoption of the system by farmers. A modern mill of 5 t/hr capacity is being planned to serve a group of farmers in a catchment area as a model. This system will make available prompt returns to the farmers to strengthen their palm fruit production capacity and guarantee high quality oil that can be exported. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	Extraction efficiency; Maintenance; Mill technology; Oil palm; Oil yield; Quality	Catchment area; Cost of productions; Extraction efficiencies; Extraction rate; Fruit processing; Fruit production; High quality; Improving performance; Mechanical methods; Mill technology; Modern technologies; Nigeria; Oil extraction; Oil palm; Oil yield; One-machine; Palm oil; Processing systems; Public private partnerships; Screw press; Small groups; Small scale; Agriculture; Catchments; Extraction; Fruits; Maintainability; Technology; Vegetable oils; industrial performance; industrial production; industrial technology; maintenance; milling; oil industry; public-private partnership; Abia; Nigeria; Elaeis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-46549085181	Evaluation of crop yield models for cowpea in Nigeria	Adekalu K.O., Okunade D.A.	2008	Irrigation Science	26	5	10.1007/s00271-008-0103-6	Department of Agricultural Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE 1 7RU, United Kingdom	Adekalu, K.O., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Okunade, D.A., School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE 1 7RU, United Kingdom	Three phasic models namely, Hanks (H-2), Stewart (S-2) and the Hall-Butcher (H-B), were evaluated on cowpea irrigated using a line source sprinkler system. Three sets of field data (1983, 1985, and 1986) were collected; the 1985 data were used for calibration while the 1983 and 1986 data were used for evaluation of the models. The model performance that most accurately matched the measured data was then used to simulate the most water-efficient irrigation schedule and deficit irrigation analysis for cowpea in Nigeria. Results showed that the models gave good estimates of cowpea grain yield with the H-2 model performing slightly better than the other two models. The weighted root mean square deviations were 0.043, 0.094, and 0.213 for the H-2, S-2 and the H-B model, respectively. Simulation studies with the H-2 model showed that irrigating at 40% moisture depletion is the most water-efficient schedule for cowpea and that greater yield from a given optimum seasonal water application for deficit irrigation can be achieved by splitting the seasonal deficit among the growth stages. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.	None	Computer simulation; Mathematical models; Moisture; Sprinkler systems (irrigation); Moisture depletion; Water-efficient irrigation; Crops; Computer simulation; Crops; Mathematical models; Moisture; Sprinkler systems (irrigation); calibration; crop yield; developmental stage; irrigation; legume; modeling; performance assessment; spray; yield response; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951715442	Development and performance evaluation of a cowpea harvester	Ojomo A.O., Ale M.O., Olajide O.G.	2010	Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences	5	10	None	Department of Agricultural Engineering, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria	Ojomo, A.O., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria; Ale, M.O., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria; Olajide, O.G., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria	A cowpea harvester was designed, constructed and evaluated for its performance. The machine was fabricated with high carbon steel with an output capacity of 120kg/h. The performance of the harvester was evaluated at two crop moisture content 15.17% and 17.47% and two main shaft speeds of 540 rpm and 1000 rpm. At moisture content of 15.17% and machine speed 540rpm, the machine exhibits the highest functional efficiency of 93.75%, quality performance efficiency of 81.21%, field loss of 3.4% and shattered loss of 6.66%. The machine is statically and dynamically stable hence able to withstand vibration. © 2006-2010 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN).	Cowpea and harvester; Development; Evaluation; Performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862337922	Evaluation of pads and geometrical shapes for constructing evaporative cooling system	Manuwa S.I., Odey S.O.	2012	Modern Applied Science	6	6	10.5539/mas.v6n6p45	Department of Agricultural Engineering, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Agronomy, Cross River State University of Science and Technology, Obubra, Nigeria	Manuwa, S.I., Department of Agricultural Engineering, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Odey, S.O., Department of Agronomy, Cross River State University of Science and Technology, Obubra, Nigeria	Investigations were carried out into local materials as cooling pads, and shapes for constructing evaporative coolers. Materials investigated include jute, latex foam, charcoal and wood shavings. Shapes of cooling systems considered were of hexagonal and square cross-sections. Some physical properties of pad materials that could affect the effectiveness of the evaporative coolers were also determined. Results of "No - load" tests carried out on the coolers indicated that the effectiveness of the cooling pads was in the following decreasing order of magnitude - Jute, latex foam, charcoal and wood shavings. The hexagonal shape cooler was found to be more efficient than the square shape. The average cooling or saturation efficiency for hexagonal cooler was 93.5% (jute), 91.4% (latex foam), 91.3% (charcoal) and 91.9% (wood shavings). The maximum temperatures observed were 6.4 (jute pad), 4.9 (latex foam pad), 5.2 (charcoal pad) and 3.6 degree Celsius. The results of this study will assist researchers in their selection of pad materials in the study of evaporative cooling systems.	Evaporative coolers; Pad materials; Saturation efficiency; Shape; Temperature drop	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-63749127277	Performance evaluation of tillage tines operating under different depths in a sandy clay loam soil	Manuwa S.I.	2009	Soil and Tillage Research	103	2	10.1016/j.still.2008.12.004	Department of Agricultural Engineering, The Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria	Manuwa, S.I., Department of Agricultural Engineering, The Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria	The study investigated the performance of three model tillage tools (tines). The experimental tillages were made from flat 8 mm plain carbon steel. They were designated T1, T5, and T20, corresponding to tine widths of 1, 5, and 20 cm respectively. Experiments were carried out in a soil bin filled with sandy clay loam soil at average moisture content 11.5% (dry basis) and 600 kPa average cone index. The plastic limit and liquid limit and plasticity index of the soil are 20%, 31% and 11% respectively. Tests were conducted at forward speeds of 0.28, 1.0, and 2.5 m/s. Depths of operation considered were 35, 70, 150, 200 and 250 mm. Draught measurements were made for the different tines and were also calculated using soil mechanics equation. There was reasonable agreement between measured and predicted draught forces. The effects of depth of operation on draught force of the tines were studied and evaluated. It was observed that draught increased at an increasing rate with depth; the relationship was a curvilinear one best fitted by exponential function. The soil disturbance created as a result was also evaluated and reported in this paper. The parameters used to define soil disturbance of a single tine were: ridge-to-ridge distance (RRD), maximum width of soil cut (WFS), maximum width of soil throw (TDW), after furrow depth (df), height of ridge (hr) and rupture distance (f). They all increased as the depth of operation of the tool increased but less proportionately. The critical depth of the tines was also estimated. The results of analysis of variance showed that tool type and operating depth significantly affected draught at 5% level of significance (p < 0.05) and that, there was interaction between the two factors. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Depth; Draught; Soil bin; Soil disturbance; Specific draught; Tines; Velocity	Depth; Draught; Soil disturbance; Specific draught; Tines; Agricultural machinery; Agriculture; Bins; Carbon steel; Clay minerals; Regression analysis; Soil mechanics; Soils; measurement method; performance assessment; sandy clay loam; soil depth; tillage	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883829846	Determinants of role performance effectiveness among facilitators in the second national fadama development project in Nigeria	Daudu S., Madukwe M.C.	2013	Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education	20	2	None	Department of Agricultural Extension and Communication, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Daudu, S., Department of Agricultural Extension and Communication, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Madukwe, M.C., University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	[No abstract available]	Determinants; Facilitator; National fadama development project; Nigeria; Role performance effectiveness	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861854216	Evaluation of agricultural credit utilization by cooperative farmers in Benue state of Nigeria	Okwoche V.A., Asogwa B.C., Obinne P.C.	2012	European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences	None	47	None	Department of Agricultural Extension and Communication, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria	Okwoche, V.A., Department of Agricultural Extension and Communication, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Asogwa, B.C., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Obinne, P.C., Department of Agricultural Extension and Communication, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria	The study evaluated agricultural credit utilization by cooperative farmers in Benue State of Nigeria. Data were collected from randomly sampled 130 Agricultural Cooperatives in Benue State using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using frequency distribution and percentages and t-test analysis. The result of study showed that majority of the farmers (41.5%) is within the age bracket of active work and therefore can make meaningful impact in agricultural production when motivated with the needed credit facilities. Furthermore, 88.5% of the respondents source their credits from non-institutional sources. More than 87.7% of the respondents utilized credits accessed for the purpose of Agricultural production. In addition, the study indicated that the loan acquired by the respondents had significant impact on their output and income. Farmer's joined the farmers' cooperative societies mainly for access to credit. It is recommended that the farmers should be adequately motivated with needed credit facilities so as to enhance their agricultural production. Furthermore, formal credit institution should increase the access of farmers to credit facilities as this will go a long way in improving their productivity and welfare. The result of study indicated that high interest rate was the major constraint of the respondents in sourcing agricultural credit. © EuroJournals, Inc. 2012.	Agricultural credit; Cooperative society; Evaluation; Farmers; Utilization	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861353605	Impacts of mining on income generating activities of rural dwellers in Itesiwaju local government area of Oyo state, Nigeria	Oladeji J.O., Thomas K.A., Ige S.O.O.	2010	International Journal of Applied Environmental Sciences	5	6	None	Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Oladeji, J.O., Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Thomas, K.A., Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Ige, S.O.O., Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	In Nigeria, about 70% of the rural populace are fully engaged in agricultural production but they still find it difficult to meet household demands. This necessitated their involvement in mining activity as the household cooping strategy in Itesiwaju local government area of Oyo state where mineral exploration and exploitation is practiced. This results in change in people's occupation as many dwellers left farming for mining in order to generate income to meet household needs in the study area. The study thus investigated environmental and socio-economic activities of rural dwellers in Itesiwaju local government area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used in selecting sample for the study while both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to gather data. Data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Result of analysis shows that majority of the rural dwellers sampled were between the ages of 26-45 years, had formal education, married, Muslim, natives and residing in the study area from birth for more than 10 years. Majority (81.8%) of respondents benefit from sources of mining employment as hired laborer; 87.2% from carpentry; 80.9% from food hawking; 82.7% from subsistence (petty) business and 80.9% from shoe making. The results indicate that mining activities have created a multitude of income opportunities for the inhabitants, however, 83.6% perceived mining activities as unfavorable to farming activities, fishing (80%), 77.3%, hunting (77.3%), agricultural production and processing activities (66.3%) because of associated feasible land degradation in the area. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that age [r=-0.078: p>0.005] is negatively correlated to income generating activities before mining. T-test analysis for comparing the income generating activities engaged in by the rural dwellers before mining [t=0.00; p<0.005] and the income generating activities engaged in during mining [t=0.00; p<0.005] reveals that there is a significant difference between the income generating activity engaged in before mining, and the income generating activity engaged in during mining by the rural dwellers A pair-wise ranking of problems indicate that the most pressing problems in mining regions are degraded agricultural land, pollution of water sources from mining chemicals, acid rain, dust, mine pits, cracking and the collapse of buildings. Social and cultural impacts of mining have also had socio-cultural impacts; these include displacement and unemployment, child labour, accidents, and theft. It can be concluded that mining practices have already caused serious social and environmental impacts in the study area, therefore, extension messages should be channelled toward effect of mining and develop strategies to eliminate illegal mining and to promote other income-generating activities like agriculture production and agro-allied industry. © Research India Publications.	Dwellers; Environmental; Impact; Income generating Activities; Mining; Rural; Socio-economic	Dwellers; Environmental; Impact; Income generating activities; Socio-economics; Acid rain; Agriculture; Correlation methods; Crime; Economics; Environmental impact; Mine dust; Mineral exploration; Mining; Rural areas; Shoe manufacture; Economic and social effects; coping strategy; environmental impact; household income; local government; mining; off-farm employment; rural economy; rural population; socioeconomic impact; Nigeria; Oyo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77958108704	Influence of delayed feeding on the performance, development and response of immune system to newcastle disease vaccination in chickens	Nnadi P.A., Eze P.C., Ezema W.S.	2010	International Journal of Poultry Science	9	7	None	Department of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Nnadi, P.A., Department of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Eze, P.C., Department of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ezema, W.S., Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	The influence of delayed feeding on the performance, development and response of immune system to Newcastle disease vaccination were investigated. 72 day old cockerel chicks purchased from a local hatchery were used. These were at the onset divided into two groups A and B of equal numbers (n = 36) and housed separately. Group A was provided with a diet containing 25% crude protein and 2800Kcal of metabolizable energy from the day of hatch while group B was deprived of feed for the first 72 h post hatch (ph) after which they were introduced to feed and thereafter maintained on same diet as group A. Once feeding is commenced in each of the groups, same regimen was maintained till the end of the study. Other brooding arrangements were common to the groups. 21 days ph 12 chicks were randomly selected per group, weighed, sacrificed after which two blood samples were collected for general haematology and serum biochemistry respectively. They were then necropsied and lymphoid organs as bursa of fabricius, spleen and caecal tonsil as well as liver harvested weighed and their relative weights calculated. The remaining 24 chicks per group were then vaccinated with Newcastle Disease (ND) vaccine lasotaR. Five days later, 12 chicks were again randomly elected per group and same operations as on day 21 carried out on the chicks. On day 42 ph, all the remaining chicks in each of the groups were vaccinated against ND using ND vaccine komarovR and 5 days later, they were sacrificed and again all the activities of day 21 repeated. Our results showed that delaying feeding for up to 72 h ph does not significantly affect the growth, development and function of some organs of the immune system. Moreover, it also produced no effect on Packed Cell Volume early in life as significant variation between the two groups (p&lt;0.05) was only observed on day 47 ph. However, our finding showed that early feeding significantly improved early response to vaccinations (p&lt;0.05) shown by higher geometric mean antibody titre. There were no differences in organ morphology and histopathology between the two groups. The study demonstrated that early feeding could be beneficial in the response of chicks to early vaccinations but does not confer other productive advantage. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Body and lymphoid organ weights; Delayed feeding; Immune response	Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879725149	Impact of improved technologies on small-scale soybean production: Empirical evidence from Benue state, Nigeria	Adisa R.S., Balogun K.S.	2013	Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences	50	2	None	Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria	Adisa, R.S., Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Balogun, K.S., Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria	The study examined the impact of improved technologies on the lives of small-scale soybean farmers in Benue State, Nigeria. A total of 160 respondents were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Tobit model and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Findings revealed that 35.6% of the respondents were between 31 and 40 years old, 40.6% had household size of between 6 and 10 members. Majority of the respondents were male, married, and had secondary school education. Tobit analysis revealed that farmers' socioeconomic characteristics which include gender, educational status and farming experience; and farmers' knowledge on soybean innovations were significant factors determining the adoption of improved soybean production technologies. These factors were statistically significant at p=0.05. The adoption of improved soybean technologies has had a clear positive impact on farmers' belief on soybean innovations. The major problems facing farmers in the adoption of improved soybean production technologies according to Kruskal-Wallis ranking were high cost of inputs, problem of labour availability and lack of credit/loan. The results of this study provide a strong case for the promotion of soybean as a solution for malnutrition and a means of poverty alleviation for poor people.	Impact; Improved technologies; Small-scale farmers; Soybean innovation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76849104470	Impact of private feed formulation and production as a tool for poverty alleviation among poultry farmers in Ogun state, Nigeria	Oladoja M.A., Olusanya T.P.	2009	International Journal of Poultry Science	8	10	10.3923/ijps.2009.1006.1010	Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Yewa Campus P.M.B. 2002, Ago-lwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria; Teaching and Research Farm, College of Agricultural Sciences, Olabisi Onabanj	Oladoja, M.A., Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Yewa Campus P.M.B. 2002, Ago-lwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria; Olusanya, T.P., Teaching and Research Farm, College of Agricultural Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Yewa Campus P.M.B. 2002, Ago-lwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria	The study examines the impact of private feed formulation and production as a tool for poverty alleviation among poultry farmers in Ogun State, Nigeria. A total of Ninety-four poultry farmers were selected using a multi-stage random sampling technique information was obtained from the respondents through Questionnaires. Most of the farmers were between 31 and 60 years (71.3%) males (78.7%) and married (81.9%). Majority, of them (83%) owned and managed their farms, formally educated and their income, ranges below N25.000.00 and above N50.000.00. 47.9% operates small size farms and 33% operates medium size farms. 63.8% milled their feed privately either on-farm or at commercial milling centres while assurance of feed quality and availability ranked first among perceived impacts recorded. Also, quality of feed ingredients and technical expertise ranked highest amongst constraints of private feed production. Significant relationship was found between farm size (number of birds) and source of feed production as well as constraints to private feed production while a non-significant relationship existed between farm size and impact perceived by the poultry farmers. It is recommended that research institutes in collaboration with extension agencies should conduct training and workshops for poultry farmers to build and increase their capacities, knowledge and skills to actively participate in private feed formulation and production in the study area so that their prolonged stay in the poverty bracket that has become-the burden of majority of the poultry farmers can be a thing of the past. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2009.	Feed formulation production; Impact; Poverty; Poverty alleviation	Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67650340002	Impact of internship training on faculty of agriculture undergraduates of the obafemi awolowo university, ile-ife, Nigeria	Ajayi A.O., Okorie V.O., Yusuf O.J.	2008	Journal of Agricultural and Food Information	9	2	10.1080/10496500802173988	Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, Faculty of Agriculture, Obafemi Awolowo University O.A.U., P.O. Box 1979, Postal Code 220005,	Ajayi, A.O., Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, Faculty of Agriculture, Obafemi Awolowo University O.A.U., P.O. Box 1979, Postal Code 220005, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Okorie, V.O., Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Yusuf, O.J., Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	This study assessed the impact of internship training on undergraduates of agriculture in the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The job aspirations and attitudes of preinternship and postinternship undergraduates toward studying agriculture and toward participating in internship training were compared and the students' preferred courses and reasons for studying agriculture were identified. A multistage sampling procedure was employed to select an equal number of respondents from both preinternship and postinternship students; a pretested and validated structured questionnaire was used to elicit qualitative information from 130 respondents; frequency distribution, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used to describe the data; one-way-ANOVA test was used to test the hypotheses in order to make deductions from the data. The result of ANOVA revealed that at P 0.05 significance level, there were significant differences in the preinternship and postinternship students' attitudes toward studying agriculture and toward participating in internship training. However, at P 0.05 significance level, there was no significant difference in the job aspirations of preinternship and postinternship students. It was, therefore, concluded that the internship training changed only the attitude of postinternship students toward studying agriculture and participating in internship training, with no significant impact on the job aspirations of the students. Hence, the study recommended overhauling the internship training program through adequate funding, logistics, and curriculum revision; so as to enable it to attain its goals and promote improvement and retention of educated and able-bodied youth in the agricultural sector. © 2008 by The Haworth Press. All rights reserved.	Agricultural development; Attitude; Internship training; Job aspiration; Labor depletion	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-32644447881	Impacts of the women-in-agriculture (WIA) extension programme on women's lives; implications for subsistence agricultural production of women in Imo State, Nigeria	Odurukwe S.N., Matthews-Njoku E.C., Ejiogu-Okereke N.	2006	Livestock Research for Rural Development	18	2	None	Department of Agricultural Extension, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	Odurukwe, S.N., Department of Agricultural Extension, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Matthews-Njoku, E.C., Department of Agricultural Extension, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Ejiogu-Okereke, N., Department of Agricultural Extension, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	This study analysed the impacts of the WIA programme on the lives of women in Imo State Nigeria, with the view of strengthening their subsistence agricultural production. Data were collected from 160 women from both urban and rural areas of the State. Data analysis was achieved using rankings, descriptive statistics and ordinary least square regression models. The results of the findings show that packages as cassava processing into pancake, and cassava flour, processing and utilization of soybean into flour paste, and soy-meal, cocoyam processing into cocoyam flour, and processing of fresh tomatoes into tomato paste; which recorded high awareness values had low adoption rates. Transferred WIA technologies as cassava processing and utilization - into; odorless fufu, gari, and tapioca (93.16%); processing of maize, into corn meal, and pap (79.77%), processing and storage of fresh tomatoes into tomato paste (86.46%), and dry season vegetable gardening (66.38%) recorded high response from the women as being very relevant to their socioeconomic wellbeing. However, such technologies as cassava processing and utilization into pancake and cassava flour (83.27%), processing of maize into maize flour, and malted maize drink (75.08%) were reported as not relevant. Positive impacts of women adoption of WIA packages were most on the women than the men and the children. It ensured family food security and enhanced children's education and women financial and socioeconomic status. Primary occupation, annual income, household size and membership of women's group showed a positive and very significant relationship with the adoption of the WIA technologies by the women. Among the problems to effective achievement of set objectives is lack of access to land, non-coverage of agricultural production activities. It is recommended among others that the WIA programme should include women agricultural production needs in its programme of activities, in addition to increasing its' clientele coverage.	Imo State; Impacts on Women's live; Nigeria; Women-in-Agriculture Programme	Colocasia esculenta; Gari; Glycine max; Lycopersicon esculentum; Manihot esculenta; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903945381	Use of job enrichment technique and human resource management performance, among extension managers in North West Province South Africa	Thafe D.R., Oladele O.I.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	15	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n15p11	Department of Agricultural Extension, North West University, South Africa	Thafe, D.R., Department of Agricultural Extension, North West University, South Africa; Oladele, O.I., Department of Agricultural Extension, North West University, South Africa	The study examined knowledge and utilization of job enrichment techniques among extension managers in North West Province. The population of the study area is extension managers in the North West Province of South Africa. Thirty (30) Extension Managers were sampled randomly from the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development database in the four district municipalities of the Province. Data were collected using questionnaires and analysis was done with statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) using frequency counts, percentages and multiple regressions. The findings show that 70% of extension managers are married and mostly are male (66.7%), 86.7% have 1 to 3 children with 63.4% having 1-3 dependents; 33.3% of the respondents were Diploma holders; 30% were Degree holders, 30% had Honours, 6.7% had MSc; 70% are currently studying for higher degree. The most prominently used information sources were advisory leaflets (100%), most managers were not knowledgeable on removal of power of a subordinate improve job satisfaction(80); while the most prominent job enriching techniques used by extension managers was adjustment of performance target (80%). The results further show that there is a significant relationship between the independent variables and the use of job enrichment techniques with F value of 1.83, p < 0.05, R = 0.717. The result further predicted 52 percent of the variation in use of job enrichment techniques and human resource management performance by extension managers. The significant determinants of use of job enrichment techniques and human resource management performance among extension managers in North West Province are age (t = -2.155, p =.046), tenure in profession (t = 2.202, p =.042) and job designation (t = -2.273, p =.036).	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879765303	Performance of West African Dwarf goats fed graded levels of sun-cured water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes Mart. Solms-Laubach) replacing Guinea grass	Adeneye Mako A.	2013	Livestock Research for Rural Development	25	7	None	Department of Agricultural Production and Management Sciences, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun, Ijebu-Ode, PMB 2118, Ijebu-Ode,Ogun State, Nigeria	Adeneye Mako, A., Department of Agricultural Production and Management Sciences, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun, Ijebu-Ode, PMB 2118, Ijebu-Ode,Ogun State, Nigeria	The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of goats fed water hyacinth (WH) based diets. The chemical composition of sun-cured WH, Guinea grass (GG) and concentrate was determined. Quantitative analysis of tannins, saponins and phenols present in WH and GG were also determined. Thirty (30) female WAD goats between the ages of 6 and 7 months weighing 8.40 - 9.60 kg were used for a feeding trial.. Six animals were allotted to each of 5 treatments in a completely randomized design. Parameters measured included feed intake and weight gain. WH and GG contained tannins, saponins and phenols, but the concentrations were below toxic levels. The feed intake and weight gain had a negative curvilinear relationship with increasing level of WH in the diets. It is concluded that in diets based on Guinea grass the maximum level of sun-cured water hyacinth in diets for growing goats is 30%.	Bypass protein; Heavy metals; Non-nutritional compounds; Ruminants; Secondary metabolites	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84894523719	Effects of buck and doe size on the growth performance and survival of their progeny	Kugonza D.R., Stalder K.J., Rothschild M.F.	2014	Livestock Research for Rural Development	26	3	None	Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, PO Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States	Kugonza, D.R., Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, PO Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States; Stalder, K.J., Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States; Rothschild, M.F., Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States	This study on the effects of paternal and maternal goat size on kid growth and survival was conducted by grouping bucks and does into big/elite and small/control categories and mating between the sub-groups to create four progeny groups whose body weight and mortality rate were assessed for fixed and variable effects at birth, 10, 20, and 30 weeks of age. Big sized bucks and does had progeny that were heavier than those of small sized parents at all ages except at birth. The mean body weight of the progeny at 30 weeks was 15.1±0.6 kg for elite bucks and 13.2±0.8 kg for control bucks. Due to sexual dimorphism, male progeny were heavier than their female counterparts at birth, 20 weeks and at 30 weeks. Birth type had the most profound effect on both live weight and survival of goats. Single kids weighed 2.2 ± 0.05 kg at birth compared to 2.0± 0.03 kg for twins, and the margin of superiority widened to 3.5 kg at 30 weeks. Over 85% of the kids that died between birth and 30 weeks were born as a twin which effectively negated the advantage that is normally thought of for twinning in such a goat flock. It is concluded that paternal and maternal size influences the weight of progeny at birth and through to maturity. Birth type and sex of kids also have profound effects on kid weight as well as on survival. However, the advantage of elite parentage appears to get diminished unless diet improvements are incorporated. In general, using elite bucks does have potential financial benefits for Mubende goat farmers.	Goats; Maternal effect; Mubende breed; Selection; Sire effect	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943147298	The effect of diet and feeding system on the on-farm performance of local chickens during the early growth phase	Nakkazi C., Kugonza D.R., Kayitesi A.	2015	Livestock Research for Rural Development	27	10	None	Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, (CAES) Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLIRRI), P. O. Box 96, Tororo, Uganda; Department of Animal Production and Range Management, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda	Nakkazi, C., Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, (CAES) Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Kugonza, D.R., Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, (CAES) Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda, National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLIRRI), P. O. Box 96, Tororo, Uganda, Department of Animal Production and Range Management, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda; Kayitesi, A., Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, (CAES) Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda	This study evaluated the performance of local chickens on three diets and two feeding systems under on-farm conditions. The diets used were formulated from local feedstuffs that had been identified in a baseline survey and analyzed for chemical composition in the laboratory. Based on the laboratory results, two diets were formulated containing 20% CP and 2900Kcal ME/kg (D20) and 23% CP; 3200KcalME/kg (D23). A commercial diet (D18) containing 18% CP; 2800 Kcal ME/kg was obtained from a local feed supplier to be used as a control. The three diets were then used in conducting growth trials with chicks under two different systems of feeding. The first system involved feeding the birds intensively. The three diets were feed separately to four replicate groups of ten chicks each. This system used 120 un-sexed day old local chicks that were obtained from a local hatchery and brooded artificially. The second system involved feeding the experimental diets to semi-scavenging chicks brooded by their mother hens in confinement cages from 6.00 am to 12.00 noon, after which they were let out to scavenge. A weighed amount of feed was given to each batch and left over feed was weighed and recorded each week to compute feed consumption. In both experiments birds were weighed in batches on day one and thereafter weekly for six weeks. The data revealed no difference in the growth rate and final live body weight of chicks under the three dietary treatments. Chickens that were fed intensively exhibited better growth and survival rates than those that were fed from 6.00 am to 12.00 noon then let out to scavenge. Hence it was concluded that that a diet containing 18% CP and 2800Kcal ME/kg is sufficient for rearing local chickens during the early growth phase (0-6 weeks) on-farm. Also intensive feeding of local chickens results into better growth and survival than the semi-scavenging system. © 2015, Fundacion CIPAV. All rights reserved.	Chicks; Dietary-energy; Growth rate; Semi-scavenging	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927694447	Growth performance, carcass and non-carcass characteristics of Mubende and Mubende×Boer crossbred goats under different feeding regimes	Asizua D., Mpairwe D., Kabi F., Mutetikka D., Kamatara K., Hvelplund T., Weisbjerg M.R., Mugasi S.K., Madsen J.	2014	Livestock Science	169	C	10.1016/j.livsci.2014.09.010	Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Animal Science, AU Foulum, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark; Nyakahita Farm, Nyakashashara, Kiruhura, Uganda; Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Abi Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute, National Agricultural Research Organisation, P. O. Box 219, Arua, Uganda	Asizua, D., Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda, Abi Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute, National Agricultural Research Organisation, P. O. Box 219, Arua, Uganda; Mpairwe, D., Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Kabi, F., Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Mutetikka, D., Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Kamatara, K., Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Hvelplund, T., Department of Animal Science, AU Foulum, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark; Weisbjerg, M.R., Department of Animal Science, AU Foulum, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark; Mugasi, S.K., Nyakahita Farm, Nyakashashara, Kiruhura, Uganda; Madsen, J., Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark	A surge in the demand for goats[U+05F3] meat both locally and internationally has prompted many goat farmers in Uganda to venture into commercial goat production. However, goat production is highly challenged by breed characteristics and extreme fluctuations in feed quantity and quality. This study evaluated the effects of supplementing grazing Mubende goats and their crossbreds (Mubende×Boer) with concentrates on growth, carcass and non-carcass characteristics. A 2×3 factorial treatment arrangement was used to randomly allocate 96 pure Mubende and Mubende×Boer castrates (mean±SE; 31.3±2.2. kg initial weight) aged between 9 and 15 months, to three feeding regimes. The feeding regimes included (i) sole grazing (SGZ) as control, (ii) control+concentrate containing molasses (MCM) and (iii) control+concentrate without molasses (MCC). Concentrate dry matter intake was higher (P<0.001) in the crossbreds regardless of concentrate type, however, inclusion of molasses resulted in lower concentrate intake. The Mubende goats were more efficient in utilising concentrate with molasses while the crossbreds utilised concentrate without molasses more efficiently. Average daily gain (ADG) was higher (P<0.001) in the crossbreds and in the supplemented groups. Slaughter weight, empty body weight and hot carcass weight were also higher (P<0.001) in the crossbreds than the pure Mubende. Supplementation reduced gut fill (P<0.001) and increased (P<0.001) hot carcass weight and dressing percentage in both genotypes. Proportion of non-carcass components as percentage of empty body weight did not vary between genotypes but supplementation reduced (P<0.01) proportion of skin with hocks and empty stomach. Kidney fat, omental fat and scrotal fat increased (P<0.001) with supplementation. Therefore, crossbreeding together with supplementation of grazing can considerably improve goat meat production, however, caution should be taken on the level of concentrate supplement offered as tendency for absolute substitution of concentrate for grass/browse by goats was observed in this study. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Boer goat; Grazing; Meat production; Mubende goat; Supplementation	Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872770505	Performance of growing pigs fed diets based on by-products of maize and wheat processing	Mwesigwa R., Mutetikka D., Kugonza D.R.	2012	Tropical Animal Health and Production	45	1	10.1007/s11250-012-0237-7	Department of Agricultural Production, School of Agricultural Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda	Mwesigwa, R., Department of Agricultural Production, School of Agricultural Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Mutetikka, D., Department of Agricultural Production, School of Agricultural Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Kugonza, D.R., Department of Agricultural Production, School of Agricultural Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda	Forty-eight crossbred Landrace × Large white pigs with an average body weight of 8.5 ± 0.4 kg and aged 2 months were used to evaluate performance and carcass characteristics of pigs fed two diets in which bran from maize or wheat was used as the energy source. A third diet based on whole maize grain was used as a control. Animals in groups of four, balanced for litter, sex and weight were allotted to dietary treatments in a completely randomised design with four replications. Data were collected on feed intake and weight gain for a period of 4 months. A digestibility trial was carried at the end of the feeding trial using two male pigs per treatment while six pigs per treatment were randomly selected for slaughter to determine carcass characteristics. Daily gain averaged 0. 23, 0. 31 and 0. 13 kg/day, for pigs fed maize bran, wheat bran and whole maize diets, respectively. Average feed intake and final body weight were significantly (P < 0. 05) affected by diets. Digestibility of dry matter, crude fibre and calcium were higher (P < 0. 05) for pigs fed maize bran while crude protein digestibility was highest (P < 0. 05) for the pigs fed wheat bran. There were significant differences (P < 0. 05) between the diets in carcass yield, ham, head, trotters and heart weights and also for rib weight, rib eye muscle and other tissues. This study indicates that comparable performance of growing pigs fed cereal bran and full-grain diets are real. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Carcass characteristics; Growth performance; Maize bran; Pigs; Wheat bran	Animalia; Pieris brassicae; Suidae; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays; animal; animal food; article; dietary fiber; feeding behavior; female; growth, development and aging; maize; male; metabolism; physiology; randomization; swine; Uganda; weight gain; wheat; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Dietary Fiber; Feeding Behavior; Female; Male; Random Allocation; Sus scrofa; Triticum; Uganda; Weight Gain; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863548712	Effect of supplementing rhodes grass hay (Chloris gayana) with berchemia discolor or zizyphus mucronata on the performance of growing goats in Kenya	Osuga I.M., Abdulrazak S.A., Muleke C.I., Fujihara T.	2012	Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition	96	4	10.1111/j.1439-0396.2011.01189.x	Department of Agricultural Resource Management, School of Agriculture and Enterprise Development, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya; National Council for Science and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Animal Sciences, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya; Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University, Mie city, Japan	Osuga, I.M., Department of Agricultural Resource Management, School of Agriculture and Enterprise Development, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya; Abdulrazak, S.A., National Council for Science and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya; Muleke, C.I., Department of Animal Sciences, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya; Fujihara, T., Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University, Mie city, Japan	Twenty growing Small East African goats were used to determine the effects of feeding sun-dried leaves of the browse forages Berchemia discolor and Zizyphus mucronata as supplements to low-quality basal diet, Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay, on voluntary feed intake (VFI), digestibility and growth performance. The grass hay and maize bran were used as a control. The dried leaves were then included at the rates of 15% and 30% of the dry matter intake (DMI). Berchemia discolor had the highest crude protein (CP) content of 195.5g/kg DM, while Z. mucronata had CP content of 169.5g/kg DM. The grass hay had the lowest CP content of 50.9g/kg DM. The browse forages had low fibre content [Neutral detergent fibre (NDF); 257.9-369.5g/kg DM], while the grass hay had high fibre content (NDF; 713.1g/kg DM). Goats in the groups supplemented with either of the browse forages had higher total DMI, nitrogen (N) intake and retention and live-weight gains than those in the control diet group. The digestibility of DM and organic matter (OM) was not affected by supplementation, but the CP digestibility increased with supplementation. The use of the browse forages as supplements for goats fed on poor-quality basal diets would enhance the performance of the animals. © 2011 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.	Browse forages; Goat performance; Grass hay; Supplementation	animal; animal disease; animal food; article; chemistry; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; diet; goat; growth, development and aging; jujube; Kenya; male; Poaceae; randomized controlled trial; Rhamnaceae; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Diet; Goats; Kenya; Male; Poaceae; Rhamnaceae; Ziziphus; Animalia; Berchemia discolor; Capra hircus; Chloris gayana; Zea mays; Ziziphus; Ziziphus mucronata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67349149123	Nitrogen rhizodeposition from soybean (Glycine max) and its impact on nutrient budgets in two contrasting environments of the Guinean savannah zone of Nigeria	Laberge G., Franke A.C., Ambus P., Høgh-Jensen H.	2009	Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems	84	1	10.1007/s10705-008-9225-8	Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 9, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria; C/o Lambourn Ltd., Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall	Laberge, G., Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 9, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark; Franke, A.C., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria, C/o Lambourn Ltd., Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom, Plant Research International, Department of Agrosystems Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P. O. Box 16, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands; Ambus, P., Plant Research International, Department of Agrosystems Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P. O. Box 16, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands; Høgh-Jensen, H., Risoe National Laboratory, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde 4000, Denmark	Nitrogen (N) rhizodeposition by grain legumes such as soybean is potentially a large but neglected source of N in cropping systems of Sub-Saharan Africa. Field studies were conducted to measure soybean N rhizodeposition in two environments of the Guinean savannah of Nigeria using 15N leaf labelling techniques. The first site was located in Ibadan in the humid derived savannah. The second site was in Zaria in the drier Northern Guinean savannah. Soybean N rhizodeposition in the top 0.30 m of soil varied from 7.5 kg ha -1 on a diseased crop in Ibadan to 33 kg ha-1 in Zaria. More than two-thirds of soybean belowground N was contained in the rhizodeposits at crop physiological maturity, while the rest was found in the recoverable roots. Belowground plant-derived N was found to constitute 16-23% of the total soybean N. Taking rhizodeposited pools into account led to N budgets close to zero when all residues were removed. If residues were left in the field or recycled as manure after being fed to steers, soybean cultivation led to positive N budgets of up to +95 kg N ha-1. The role and potential of grain legumes as N purveyors have been underestimated in the past by neglecting the N contained in their rhizodeposits. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	15N; Glycine max; Guinean savannah; Leaf labelling; Legumes; Nitrogen; Promiscuous soybean; Rhizodeposition; Roots	belowground biomass; cropping practice; nitrogen cycle; nutrient budget; root system; savanna; soybean; Africa; Ibadan; Kaduna [Nigeria]; Nigeria; Oyo; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Zaria; Glycine max	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548740875	Growth performance and pod dry matter yield of some local and an improved variety of okra in Sudan savannah zone Nigeria	Chigbundu I.N., Dialoke S.A., Ajaero J.O., Nwosu F.O., Ibeawuchi I.I.	2007	Journal of Plant Sciences	2	4	None	Department of Agricultural Technology, College of Agriculture, Zuru, P.M.B. 1018, Zuru, Kebbi State, Nigeria; Department of Crop Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Economics and Extention,	Chigbundu, I.N., Department of Agricultural Technology, College of Agriculture, Zuru, P.M.B. 1018, Zuru, Kebbi State, Nigeria; Dialoke, S.A., Department of Crop Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Ajaero, J.O., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extention, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria; Nwosu, F.O., Department of Agricultural Technology, College of Agriculture, Zuru, P.M.B. 1018, Zuru, Kebbi State, Nigeria; Ibeawuchi, I.I., Department of Crop Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria	Field experiments were conducted during 2002 and 2003 rainy seasons to study the growth dry yield of some selected local and an improved varieties of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). The experiments were laid out in a Randomized Completed Block Design (RCBD), replicated four times. The results show that there were significant differences in growth characteristics and yield of the varieties. There were significant yield depression tons ha-1 by 21.8, 21.9. 49.8 and 63.4%, when Kwanab Bokodo was compared with Kwanab Magwandara, Kwanab lende, Kwanab Kwete and lady finger (control), on fresh weight basis. However on dry weight basis, reverse was the case with lady's finger significantly out-weighing (Kwanab Magwandara by 14.50%, Kwanab lende, 25.4%. Kwanab Bokodo, 34.7% and Kwaanab Kwete, 56.9%). There were also significant variations in the length of pods/plant (cm), leave area per plant (cm 2), number of leaves per plant and number of branches per plant. This implies that lady's finger with higher pod dry matter yield therefore has higher productivity and contains more nutritional components than others. © 2007 Academic Journals Inc.	Growth and pod dry matter yield; Local and improved varieties of okra; Sudan savannah zone Nigeria	Abelmoschus; Abelmoschus esculentus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892539989	Decision making and job satisfaction as correlates of teachers' job performance in junior secondary schools in Abia state, Nigeria	Uba-Mbibi F.O.	2013	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	4	8	10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n8p107	Department of Agricultural/Home Ec onomics Education, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria	Uba-Mbibi, F.O., Department of Agricultural/Home Ec onomics Education, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria	This study specifically sought to determine decision making and job satisfaction as correlates of teachers' job performance in junior secondary schools in Abia state, Nigeria. Two research questions were posed and two hypotheses formulated to guide the investigation, which was carried out ex-post factor, using a descriptive survey design. A sample of 541 junior secondary schools was drawn from a population of 1082 in the 230 junior secondary schools in Abia state. Data were collected using the researcher's self constructed questionnaire from the respondents titled involvement of teachers in decision making and job satisfaction as correlates of teachers' job performance in junior secondary schools (ITDMJSTJPQ). To ensure face validity of the instrument, two experts in Educational Administration and Planning of Abia State College of Education were consulted. There expert comments were used to modify the final copy of the questionnaire used for the study. Data were analyzed using frequency distribution, ad mean rating to answer the two research questions posted while the Z-test statistic was used to test the hypotheses formulated. Results indicated that although the teachers were involved in decision making but some decisions reached were not implemented by the school principals. As a result of this, there was lack of job satisfaction and low job performance among junior secondary school teachers in the junior secondary schools. The test of hypothesis one shows that there was no significant difference between teachers' decision making and job performance. Based on the findings, it was recommended that principals should involve and implement teachers' decisions in schools to enhance their job performance for uplifting of educational standard in Nigeria.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-63249094695	Histological evaluation of the rats testis following admistration of a herbal tea mixture	Maina M.B., Garba S.H., Jacks T.W.	2008	Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology	3	6	10.3923/jpt.2008.464.470	Department of Anatomy, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria	Maina, M.B., Department of Anatomy, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria; Garba, S.H., Department of Anatomy, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria; Jacks, T.W., Department of Anatomy, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria	This research was carried out as a preliminary study to determine the histological effect of a herbal tea mixture on the rat testis. A total of 25 adult male albino rats of the Wister strain were used, they were randomly divided into five groups of five rats each. Group I served as control, while rats in groups II-IV were administered 2, 4 and 8 g kg-1 body weight of the herbal tea, respectively for 28 days. Rats in group V were administered 8 g kg-1 of the herbal tea for 28 days and allowed to stay for 14 days post treatment to observe for reversibility, persistence or delayed occurrence of toxic effects. At the end of the experimental periods, the animals were sacrificed and the weights of the testes recorded, fixed and processed for routine histological technique. Administration of the herbal tea to rats showed a significant increase in body weights, but testicular weights were unaffected. Histological examination of the rat's testis revealed interstitial edema and congestion of blood vessels in the testes of the treated rats. Withdrawal of the herbal tea for 14 days showed a slight degree of recovery in the rats. These findings suggests that the histological organization of the testis can significantly be altered with continuous and increase use of the herbal tea mixture. Further studies to determine the effect of the tea on the morphometry, biometry and hormonal profile of the rat's testes following long term exposure will be useful. © 2008 Academic Journals Inc.	Congestion; Interstitial edema; Rats; Tea; Testis	herbaceous agent; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; biometry; blood vessel occlusion; body weight; controlled study; dietary intake; edema; histopathology; long term exposure; male; morphometrics; nonhuman; rat; tea; testis; testis function; testis size; toxicity testing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649347748	Overview of parameters influencing biomass and bioreactor performance used for extracellular ligninase production from Phanerochaete chrysosporium	Ntwampe S., Chowdhury F., Sheldon M., Volschenk H.	2010	Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology	53	5	10.1590/S1516-89132010000500001	Department of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa; Department of Chemical Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa; Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, P/Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Ntwampe, S., Department of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa; Chowdhury, F., Department of Chemical Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa; Sheldon, M., Department of Chemical Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa; Volschenk, H., Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, P/Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	The production of extracellular enzymes is gaining momentum as commercial interests seek alternative ways to improve the productivity in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. Early research studies looked at improving batch bioreactor operational challenges; however, the use of continuous cultures was indicated to be favourable. This led to a new approach developed to produce extracellular enzymes continuously using fixed-film bioreactors from biofilms immobilised on polymeric and inorganic membranes. In this review, the performance of P. chrysosporium biomass, evaluated in terms of ligninase production using different bioreactor operation conditions, is highlighted. Furthermore, the limitations related to the implementation of optimised batch culture conditions to continuous fixed-film bioreactors are discussed. DO transportation, trace element toxicity and lipid peroxidation effects on P. chrysosporium biomass in fixed-film bioreactors operated for elongated periods, are also discussed.	Bioreactors; Dissolved oxygen; Lignin peroxidase; Manganese peroxidase; Phanerochaete chrysosporium	Bacteria (microorganisms); Chrysosporium; Phanerochaete; Phanerochaete chrysosporium	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952629430	The impact of migrant remittances on household welfare in rural Nigeria	Olowa O.W.	2009	Social Sciences	4	1	None	Department of Agriculture Education (Tech.), Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria	Olowa, O.W., Department of Agriculture Education (Tech.), Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria	Records on remittances by Central Bank of Nigeria shows an increasing trends since 2002. These huge flows of remittances are made up of millions private receiver households. The study examine the impacts of these remittances on household welfare in rural Nigeria using the Nigeria living standard statistics 2003/2004 wave by the bureau of stastistics. The result of the regression analysis revealed among other things that remittances help to reduce the effects of poverty and that remittances are counter-cyclical. © Medwell Journals, 2009.	Household; Nigeria; Poverty; Remittances; Welfare	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33947321139	Evaluation of the thermal conductivity of soils in Edo State, Nigeria	Molindo W.A., Alile O.M.	2007	Journal of Applied Sciences	7	4	None	Department of Agriculture Soil Science Option, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Department of Basic Sciences Physics Option, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Benson Idahosa University,	Molindo, W.A., Department of Agriculture Soil Science Option, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Alile, O.M., Department of Basic Sciences Physics Option, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria	Investigations were conducted to evaluate the thermal conductivity of soils of Sedimentary rock origin in two locations namely; Obaretin in Ikpoba/Okha and Idumabi-Irrua in Esan Central Local Government Areas respectively in Edo State, Nigeria. The study was aimed at validating the effects of the thenrial regimes of these soils and their relation to soil productivity. The investigation showed that soil conductivity is related to temperature factors such as soil resistance and resistivity that controls the processes involved in the production and plant growth. The investigation showed that soil thermal conductivity is related to temperature and solar radiation factors such as soil resistance and resistivity, that control the processes involved in plant growth and productivity with accompanied macro and micro fauna in soils. Functional activities of plant roots such as absorption of water and nutrients are encouraged at low or high soil thermal conductivity levels. In this study, there were significant (p = 0.05) differences in thermal conductivity in the soils of both locations. Similarly soil resistance and resistivity were significantly different (p = 0.05) in the two locations (Obaretin and Idumabi Irrua) in Ikpoba-Okha and Esan Central Local Government Area, Edo State, Nigeria. This study indicates attributes of temperature changes in soil regimes, reflecting the difference in vegetation obtained in the two locations. Therefore soil productivity and plant growth is influenced by soil thermal conductivity and it's related factors such as soil resistance and resistity. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Evaluation; Resistivity; Soil; Thermal conductivity	Evaluation; Functional activities; Local government areas; Soil conductivity; Soil productivity; Soil thermal conductivity; Temperature changes; Temperature factor; Electric conductivity; Process control; Productivity; Soils; Sun; Water absorption; Thermal conductivity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36749084577	Performance, nutrient utilization and organ characteristics of broilers fed cassava leef meal (Manihot esculenta crantz)	Iheukwumere F.C., Ndubuisi E.C., Mazi E.A., Onyekwere M.U.	2008	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	7	1	None	Department of Agriculture, Abia State University, PMB 7010, Umudike, Nigeria; Department of Food Science, Abia State University, PMB 7010, Umuahia, Nigeria; Federal College of Agriculture, Ishiagu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	Iheukwumere, F.C., Department of Agriculture, Abia State University, PMB 7010, Umudike, Nigeria; Ndubuisi, E.C., Department of Agriculture, Abia State University, PMB 7010, Umudike, Nigeria; Mazi, E.A., Department of Food Science, Abia State University, PMB 7010, Umuahia, Nigeria; Onyekwere, M.U., Federal College of Agriculture, Ishiagu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	A 35-day feeding trial involving 120, 5-week old Anak broilers was carried out in a completely randomized design to evaluate the performance, nutrient utilization and organ characteristics of broilers fed cassava leaf meal at dietary levels of 0, 5, 10 and 15% respectively. Feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and organ weight of birds on the control (0%) and (5%) leaf meals were significantly superior (p<0.05) to the group on 10% and 15% leaf meal. The utilization of Dry Matter (DM), crude protein, ether extract and ash was significantly poorer at the 10 and 15% dietary levels. The organ weights (heart, liver, gizzard) were superior at 0 and 5% (p<0.05) groups to the groups on 10 and 15% inclusion levels of the leaf meal. It is suggested that 5% inclusion of cassava leaf meal could be used in broiler finisher diets without any deleterious effects. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008.	Broiler; Cassava leaf meal; Organs weight and nutrient utilization; Performance	animal experiment; animal food; animal tissue; article; ash; avian stomach; bird; cassava; chemical composition; controlled study; food composition; food intake; heart weight; liver weight; meal; nonhuman; nutrient uptake; organ weight; plant leaf; randomization; weight gain; Aves; Manihot esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951912036	Growth and yield performance of Amaranthus cruentus influenced by planting density and poultry manure application	Law-Ogbomo K.E., Ajayi S.O.	2009	Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca	37	2	None	Department of Agriculture, Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Nigeria	Law-Ogbomo, K.E., Department of Agriculture, Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Nigeria; Ajayi, S.O., Department of Agriculture, Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Nigeria	Field trials were conducted in 2007 and 2008 to determine the influence of planting density and poultry manure application on the growth and yield of Amaranthus cruentus (Linnaeus). This study was conducted at the teaching and research farms of Benson Idahosa University, Benin City using two planting densities (111111 and 62500 plants per hectare) and three levels of poultry manure (0.0, 6.0 and 12.0 t ha-1) in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement fitted into randomized complete block design with three replicates. Results showed that planting density and poultry manure significantly (P = 0.05) affected the number of leaves, leaf area index, total dry matter and the crop growth rate positively in favour of increasing planting density and poultry manure application rate leading to higher herbage yield. The results showed that the combination of 62500 plants per hectare and application of poultry manure of 12 t ha-1 provided the highest yield (15.74 t ha-1).	Crop growth rate; Planting density; Poultry manure and yield	Amaranthus; Amaranthus cruentus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896332310	Effects of nutrient density and photoperiod on the performance and abdominal fat of broilers	Oyedeji J.O., Atteh J.O.	2005	International Journal of Poultry Science	4	3	10.3923/ijps.2005.149.152	Department of Agriculture, Benson Idahosa University, P. M. B. 1100, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production,University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Oyedeji, J.O., Department of Agriculture, Benson Idahosa University, P. M. B. 1100, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Atteh, J.O., Department of Animal Production,University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	The study investigated the effects of photoperiod and nutrient density on the performance and abdominal fat of broilers. Treatments consisted of a factorial arrangement of two diets containing 3200kcal/kg ME and 23% Protein and 2800kcal/kg ME and 18% Protein administered to broilers under either 12hour light per day, 8hour light per day or 6 hour light per day for 8 weeks. Results at market age showed that no significant interactions existed between nutrient density and photoperiod for feed intake, body weight gain and feed gain ratio (P > 0.05, P > 0.01). Also no significant interactions existed between factors for protein retention, fat utilization, available fibre, abdominal fat and cost to benefit ratio (P > 0.05, P > 0.01). Broilers subjected to low nutrient density diets experienced reduction in body weight gain and poorer feed to gain ratio (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). There was significant reduction in feed intake and abdominal fat of broilers exposed to only 6 hours of light per day as against the usual 12 hours of light per day (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). It was concluded that no meaningful interactions existed between nutrient density and photoperiod with respect to broilers performance. However, reducing photoperiod to 6 hours per day could be used as a tool for reducing abdominal fat hence, reducing sudden death syndrome and upgrading carcass quality of broilers. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2005.	Abdominal fat; Feed gain ratio; Feed intake; Nutrient density; Photoperiod; Weight gain	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859172052	Performance of broiler chickens fed on mature moringa oleifera leaf meal as a protein supplement to soyabean meal	Gadzirayi C.T., Masamha B., Mupangwa J.F., Washaya S.	2012	International Journal of Poultry Science	11	1	None	Department of Agriculture, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; International Livestock Research Institute, Av. FPLM 2698 Caixa, Maputo, Mozambique; Umutara Polytechnic, Faculty of Agriculture, P.O. Box 57, Nyagatare, Eastern Province, Rwanda	Gadzirayi, C.T., Department of Agriculture, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Masamha, B., International Livestock Research Institute, Av. FPLM 2698 Caixa, Maputo, Mozambique; Mupangwa, J.F., Umutara Polytechnic, Faculty of Agriculture, P.O. Box 57, Nyagatare, Eastern Province, Rwanda; Washaya, S., Department of Agriculture, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe	An exploratory study investigating the effects of supplementing soyabeans with Moringa oleifera leaf meal, as a protein source in poultry production was done at Bindura University Farm. Five different graded levels of Moringa oleifera meal were used in formulating the diets. Ration formulation using soyabean, yellow maize and Moringa oleifera meal as ingredients for broiler starter (20% Crude Protein) and broiler finisher (18% Crude Protein) diets was done using the Pearson Square Method. Twenty-five day old Habbard chicks were randomly allocated to the five treatment diets T1 (0% Moringa oleifera meal), T2 (25% Moringa oleifera meal), T3 (50% Moringa oleifera meal), T4 (75% Moringa oleifera meal) and T5 (100% Moringa oleifera meal) in a completely randomized design. Birds were managed under the dip litter system with five compartments each with five birds for a period of 6 weeks. Weekly weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were recorded throughout the period. Evisceration of carcasses was done after 6 weeks and the different body parts were weighed and recorded. Proximate analysis of Moringa oleifera meal, broiler starter and broiler finisher diets were done and the results were tabulated. Statistical analysis was done using Genstat Software Version 12. No significant differences were noted in the amount of feed taken by broiler birds under different treatments of Moringa oleifera meal, however significant differences in feed conversion ratios were noted. It was therefore concluded that inclusion of Moringa oleifera meal as protein supplement in broiler diets at 25% inclusion level produces broilers of similar weight and growth rate compared to those fed under conventional commercial feeds (p>0.05). © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2012.	Broilers; Carcass; Moringa oleifera; Protein; Weight	Aves; Gallus gallus; Glycine max; Moringa oleifera; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548168514	Impact of community-based approaches to wildlife management: Case study of the CAMPFIRE programme in Zimbabwe	Mutandwa E., Gadzirayi C.T.	2007	International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology	14	4	None	Department of Agriculture, Bindura University of Science Education, Zimbabwe; Department of Agriculture, Bindura University of Science Education, P Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe	Mutandwa, E., Department of Agriculture, Bindura University of Science Education, Zimbabwe, Department of Agriculture, Bindura University of Science Education, P Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Gadzirayi, C.T., Department of Agriculture, Bindura University of Science Education, Zimbabwe	The objective of this study was to elicit community perceptions on the effectiveness of the CAMPFIRE programme, a community initiative, designed to benefit rural communities in Gonono ward in the Zambezi valley. Five villages and 76 respondents were selected from the ward using simple random sampling. Data collection included a structured questionnaire administered to households, semi-structured interviews with key informants, such as chiefs, headmen and local council staff, transect walks and participant observations. The results of the study revealed that, although the CAMPFIRE concept has been instrumental in creation of employment and infrastructure, the local community considers that no significant changes have occurred to their livelihoods. The findings suggest that the current model of wildlife conservation in Zimbabwe is not promoting total community participation. Future models need to focus on total involvement and independence from government structures. However, this can only happen when there is sufficient capacity building in communities on a wide number of issues, including general management, to ensure long-term sustainability.	CAMPFIRE; Sustainability; Wildlife conservation; Zimbabwe	ecological modeling; local participation; perception; sustainability; wildlife management; Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Zimbabwe	None
None	None	Collective action initiatives to improve marketing performance: Lessons from farmer groups in Tanzania	Barham J., Chitemi C.	2009	Food Policy	34	1	10.1016/j.foodpol.2008.10.002	Department of Agriculture, Marketing Services Branch, Washington, DC, United States; Faida Market Link Company Limited, Arusha, Tanzania	Barham, J., Department of Agriculture, Marketing Services Branch, Washington, DC, United States; Chitemi, C., Faida Market Link Company Limited, Arusha, Tanzania	This study aims to examine the extent to which certain characteristics and asset endowments of smallholder farmer groups facilitate collective action initiatives to improve group marketing performance. This is approached through an evaluation of a government-led programme in Tanzania, which is attempting to increase smallholder farmers' incomes and food security through a market-oriented intervention. Findings suggest that more mature groups with strong internal institutions, functioning group activities, and a good asset base of natural capital are more likely to improve their market situation. Gender composition of groups also affects group marketing performance, as an enabling factor for male-dominated groups. Structural social capital in the form of membership in other groups and ties to external service providers, and cognitive social capital in the form of intra-group trust and altruistic behaviour are not significant factors in a group's ability to improve its market situation.	Agricultural marketing; Collective action; Farmer groups; Planned change initiatives; Social capital; Tanzania	collective action; farming system; food market; institutional framework; marketing; performance assessment; smallholder; social capital; state role; Africa; East Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954921215	The impact of trade liberalisation on South African agricultural productivity	Teweldemedhin M.Y., van Schalkwyk H.D.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	12	None	Department of Agriculture, Polytechnic of Namibia, Namibia; North West University, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa	Teweldemedhin, M.Y., Department of Agriculture, Polytechnic of Namibia, Namibia; van Schalkwyk, H.D., North West University, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa	This study attempts to examine the empirical relationship between trade and Total Factor Producitvity (TFP) in the agricultural sector using both cross-sectional (across nine agricultural commodities) and time-series analysis. The Error Correction Model of Ordinary Least Square (OLS) results from the cross-sectional analysis confirm that export shares and capital formation were significant and postivly related; whereas, import shares and real exchange rate were found to be negatively related. However, the net effect of export and import shares was positive implies that trade liberalisation causes productivity gains, The findings from the time-series analysis followed in the same direction as the cross-sectional results, indicating a robust relationship between a TFP, degree of openness, and capital formation. Debt was found to be inversely related, this implies that agricultural industries/farmers lack debt management skills. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Ordinary least square (OLS); Total factor producitvity (TFP); Trade liberalisation or degree of openness and capital formation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-46349092468	Sprout selection and performance of goats fed Acacia karroo coppices in the False Thornveld of the Eastern Cape, South Africa	Nyamukanza C.C., Scogings P.F.	2008	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	38	2	None	Department of Agriculture, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa	Nyamukanza, C.C., Department of Agriculture, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; Scogings, P.F., Department of Agriculture, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa	Acacia karroo Hayne is the dominant invading species in semi-arid savannas of South Africa and is an ecological threat of our modern era. This study investigated the preference and intake rates by goats when fed A. karroo coppice sprouts of different basal diameter sizes, viz. 3 mm, 4 mm and 5 mm. A study was also conducted to determine the digestibility and performance of goats when fed A. karroo coppices and commercial feed pellets. Nitrogen content varied among the sprout sizes. The larger sprouts had the highest nitrogen content, but the acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre and hemicellulose did not differ among sprout sizes. There were no significant differences in preference of the different sprout sizes. Intake rate of the sprout sizes was significantly different; small sprouts were consumed at the highest intake rate compared to medium size sprouts, but not compared to the larger sprouts. Nguni goats had higher bite rates compared to Boer goats. However, intake rates of the Boer goats and the Nguni goats were not significantly different. Goats fed A. karroo had a higher average daily gain compared to the goats fed the pellets. Average daily gain differed between the two goat breeds. Apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein for A. karroo and pellets also differed. It is concluded that both Boer and Nguni goats have the potential to utilize smaller A. karroo sprouts. These animals can therefore potentially be used to control bush encroachment. © South African Society for Animal Science.	Browse; Bush encroachment; Digestibility; Herbivory; Intake rate; Preference	Acacia; Acacia karroo; Animalia; Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856274347	Performance of sweet potato soybeans as affected by cropping sequence in the northern guinea savanna of Nigeria	Babatunde F.E., Dantata I.J., Olawuyi O.J.	2012	Journal of Agronomy	11	1	10.3923/ja.2012.22.26	Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Osun State University (Uniosun), PMB 4014, Ejigbo Campus, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Education, College of Education, PMB 044, Azare, Bauchi, Nigeria; Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Ba	Babatunde, F.E., Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Osun State University (Uniosun), PMB 4014, Ejigbo Campus, Nigeria; Dantata, I.J., Department of Agricultural Education, College of Education, PMB 044, Azare, Bauchi, Nigeria; Olawuyi, O.J., Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, PMB 21244, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria	A field experiment was conducted to study the performance of sweet potato and soybeans under different cropping sequences during the raining seasons of 2007, 2008 and 2009 in Bauchi, Nigeria. The cropping sequences consisted of sweet potato transplanted 1 week after soybeans (+1), sweet potato transplanted 2 weeks after soybeans (+2), sweet potato + soybeans planted simultaneously (0), sweet potato transplanted 1 week before soybeans (-1), sweet potato transplanted 2 weeks before soybeans (-2), Sole sweet potato (Ssp) and Sole soybeans (Ssb). These were arranged in randomized complete block design with four replications. Percent production of tubers and pods as well as tuber and grain yields of component crops were significantly increased (p = 0.05) by the cropping treatments in all the three seasons of this studyanother in each season, except in percent tuber production with sole sweet potato in both 2008 and 2009 as well as in tuber yield with sole sweet potato in 2009. Therefore, component crops can be sole-grown or adopt sweet potato transplanted a week or 2 before soybeans-sequence for better tuber and grain yields. © 2012 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Crop sequence; Northern guinea savanna; Performance; Soybeans; Sweet potato	Glycine max; Ipomoea batatas	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41149139281	Evaluation of some weed control treatments for long season weed control in maize (Zea mays L.) under zero and minimum tillage at Samaru, in Nigeria	Ishaya D.B., Tunku P., Kuchinda N.C.	2008	Crop Protection	27	7	10.1016/j.cropro.2007.11.020	Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zarioa, Nigeria; College of Agriculture, Kabba, Kogi State, Nigeria	Ishaya, D.B., Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zarioa, Nigeria; Tunku, P., College of Agriculture, Kabba, Kogi State, Nigeria; Kuchinda, N.C., Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zarioa, Nigeria	The effect of weed control treatments for long season control of weeds in maize under zero and minimum tillage was evaluated at Samara in northern Nigeria. Among the weed control treatments evaluated, soil ridging plus application of either 2,4-D or atrazine at 1.5 kg a.i/ha performed well as they effectively controlled weeds and resulted in better growth and a grain yield that was comparable to the hand weed control. Maize production under minimum tillage was better than under zero tillage. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Herbicides; Maize; Season; Tillage; Weed	atrazine; growth response; herbicide; maize; tillage; weed control; zero tillage; Africa; Kaduna [Nigeria]; Nigeria; Samaru; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052067781	Evaluation of neem seed extract for the control of major field pests of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L. Walp) under calendar and monitored sprays	Egho E.O.	2011	Advances in Environmental Biology	5	1	None	Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Nigeria	Egho, E.O., Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Nigeria	Cowpea growers sometimes apply chemicals as many as 8-10 times to control insect pests during the growing season. Calendar sprays at 7 days' intervals (CA.S7) carried out 5 times and 10 days' intervals (CA.S10) carried out 4 times and monitored spray (MOS) carried out only when insect infestation/damage reached or exceeded the action threshold were studied to find out their effect on major insect pests and yield of cowpea - whether there were differences in the number of insect pests and grain yield. The insect pests studied were the cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch, legume bud thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti Tryb, legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata Fab. and pod sucking bugs under the application of 5% aqueous extract of neem seed kernel extract (NSKE). The trials were conducted during the early and late planting seasons in Abraka, on a piece of land half a kilometre to Campus 2, Delta State University, Nigeria. The results indicated that calendar sprays significantly controlled A. craccivora colonies compared to control in the early season. Population of other major insect pests was generally low. During the late season, the various NSKE treatments effectively controlled A. craccivora. No significant difference among the treatments in their effect on the other major insect pests. Grain yields were high in both seasons and a significant difference did not exist among the calendar and monitored spray treatments. Three main things are obvious from this study: (1) neem seed kernel extract is effective in the control of cowpea insect pests, especially A. craccivora, (2) Grain yields were similar in calendar and monitor sprays. (3) spraying every 10 days for 4 times and monitoring insect pest damage/infestation before spraying reduced the number of chemical application.	Calendar and monitored sprays; Cowpea; Insect pests; Neem extract	Aphididae; Aphis craccivora; Azadirachta indica; Hexapoda; Maruca vitrata; Megalurothrips sjostedti; Thysanoptera; Vigna unguiculata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-56249111360	Feeding Acacia etbaica and Dichrostachys cinerea fruits to smallholder goats in northern Ethiopia improves their performance during the dry season	Yayneshet T., Eik L.O., Moe S.R.	2008	Livestock Science	119	42372	10.1016/j.livsci.2008.02.007	Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Aas, Norway; Department of Animal, Rangeland, and Wildlife Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Aas, Norway	Yayneshet, T., Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Aas, Norway, Department of Animal, Rangeland, and Wildlife Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Eik, L.O., Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Aas, Norway; Moe, S.R., Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Aas, Norway	Acacia etbaica Schweinf. and Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight et Arn. are among the common woody browse plants that naturally grow in many arid and semi-arid rangelands in sub Saharan Africa. An experiment was conducted to compare the voluntary dry matter intake, body weight gain, nitrogen balance, carcass composition and sensory attributes of goats supplemented with different levels of A. etbaica and D. cinerea fruits. Average initial body weight of the goats was 20.4 kg (± 0.8SE) and received one of the following fruit supplementation regimes for 120 days (on body weight basis, n = 4 goats per group): (1) Control, no supplement; (2) 0.5% of A. etbaica; (3) 0.5% of D. cinerea; (4) 1.0% of A. etbaica; (5) 1.0% of D. cinerea; (6) 1.5% of A. etbaica; (7) 1.5% of D. cinerea. All groups were allowed to graze/browse during the day. Compared to A. etbaica, D. cinerea fruits contained higher amounts of crude protein (182 vs 135 g/kg DM), metabolizable energy (11 vs 8.4 MJ/kg DM), and in vitro dry matter digestibility coefficient (0.7 vs 0.6). The concentrations of acid detergent fiber (ADF), sulphuric acid solubulized lignin, and tannin (soluble and condensed) were lower (P < 0.05) in D. cinerea than in A. etbaica fruits. A. etbaica fruits, however, contained higher amounts of Na, K, Fe, and Zn concentrations than D. cinerea fruits. Dry matter intake was markedly higher in supplemented groups than in the control group without supplement. Similarly, body weight gain in the control group was negative and lower (P < 0.05) than any of the supplemented groups. During the course of the experimental period (120 days) the group placed in the 1.5% D. cinerea fruit diet gained 2.6 kg whereas the control group lost 2.0 kg. Thus, the difference between these two groups was 4.6 kg, which suggests about 22.5% increment of the goats' initial body weight. N retention was negative for the control group and varied little among the remaining treatment groups. Dressing percent increased with increased level of either type of fruit supplement, the highest (51.8%) being achieved at the 1.5% D. cinerea level. There was no difference in bone tissue across treatment groups. D. cinerea fruit intake also resulted in juicy/watery flavor and tender carcass. D. cinerea fruits appeared to have no adverse effects when included at the highest level (1.5%) and could be collected and stored as dry season supplement to smallholder goats. This study shows that poor farmers can increase goat performance substantially through supplement feeding with wild fruits. Areas in Ethiopia originally set aside for provision of ecological services and biodiversity protection can also be used for wild fruit production and feeding of small stock. The effect of increasing D. cinerea fruits above the 1.5% body weight level should be a focus of future investigation. Further work on deactivation mechanism of tannins is required for A. etbaica fruits included at levels higher than 1.0%. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Body weight; Dry matter intake; Exclosure; Supplement; Tigray	Acacia; Acacia etbaica; Capra hircus; Dichrostachys cinerea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-42149113409	Evaluation of human urine as a source of nutrients for selected vegetables and maize under tunnel house conditions in the Eastern Cape, South Africa	Mnkeni P.N.S., Kutu F.R., Muchaonyerwa P., Austin L.M.	2008	Waste Management and Research	26	2	10.1177/0734242X07079179	Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, PB X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; CSIR Built Environment Unit., Pretoria, South Africa	Mnkeni, P.N.S., Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, PB X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Kutu, F.R., Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, PB X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Muchaonyerwa, P., Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, PB X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Austin, L.M., CSIR Built Environment Unit., Pretoria, South Africa	The introduction of ecological sanitation (ECOSAN) toilets in South Africa has created opportunities for safer sanitation and recycling of human excreta, as fertilizers, in rural and peri-urban areas. A study was carried out to evaluate the fertilizer value of human urine (0 to 400 kg N ha-1) for maize and tomato, compared to urea, in a tunnel house. Dry matter yield of both maize and tomato, harvested at 9 and 10 weeks after planting, respectively, increased with increasing N rate (both as urine or urea) up to 200 kg N ha-1. Urea reduced soil electrical conductivity (EC) whereas urine increased it. Leaf tissue Na, in both crops, also increased with urine application. A follow-up study was carried out with two crops with contrasting sensitivity to salinity and using a wider range of N application (0 to 800 kg N ha-1). The results indicated increased root and leaf dry-matter yield of beetroot (tolerant to salinity) with increased urine rates up to the highest rate of 800 kg N ha-1, whereas the leaf and root dry-matter yield of carrot, which is sensitive to salinity, peaked at the low urine application rate of 50 kg N ha-1. Soil EC increased with urine application up to 4.64 and 13.35 mS cm-1, under beetroot and carrot, respectively. Generally the results showed that human urine compared well with urea as a source of N for crops but optimum rates depend on the sensitivity of the crops to soil salinity, which should be monitored where human urine is regularly used for fertilizing crops. © ISWA 2008.	Ecological sanitation; Human excreta; Maize; Nutrients; Salinity; Urine; Vegetables; Wmr 1064-6	Crops; Fertilizers; Nutrients; Recycling; Sanitation; Ecological sanitation; Human excreta; Wastes; organic fertilizer; urea; Crops; Fertilizers; Nutrients; Recycling; Sanitation; Wastes; anthropogenic source; dry matter; electrical conductivity; fertilizer; maize; nutrient; recycling; salinity; sanitation; soil property; urine; vegetable; article; beetroot; biomass production; carrot; controlled study; crop production; ecological procedures; electric conductivity; environmental sanitation; fertilizer application; human; maize; male; nutrient availability; nutrient supply; plant leaf; plant root; priority journal; salinity; soil fertilization; soil property; South Africa; tomato; urine; Biomass; Electric Conductivity; Fertilizers; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Nitrogen; Plant Roots; Plant Shoots; Sodium; South Africa; Urine; Vegetables; Zea mays; Africa; Eastern Cape; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Daucus carota; Lycopersicon esculentum; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-28844496331	Evaluation of naturally decomposed solid wastes from municipal dump sites for their manurial value in southwest Nigeria	Adeoye G.O., Sridhar M.K.C., AdeOluwa O.O., Akinsoji N.A.	2005	Journal of Sustainable Agriculture	26	4	10.1300/J064v26n04_09	Department of Agronomy, Gainesville, FL, United States; Division of Environmental Health, Organo-Mineral Fertilizer Research and Development Group, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adeoye, G.O., Department of Agronomy, Gainesville, FL, United States; Sridhar, M.K.C., Division of Environmental Health, Organo-Mineral Fertilizer Research and Development Group, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; AdeOluwa, O.O., Department of Agronomy, Gainesville, FL, United States; Akinsoji, N.A., Department of Agronomy, Gainesville, FL, United States	Ibadan, like other urban centers in Nigeria is characterized by a large number of illegal solid waste dumps. These waste dumps decomposing under the tropical heat pose serious pollution problems to the ecosystems and at the same time are transformed naturally into 'manure' or compost over a period of stay and degradation under the tropical sun. Rapid decline in soil fertility under tropical climate coupled with high cost of chemical fertilizers make these manures very attractive for poor peasant farmers as alternate sources of fertilizers or soil conditioners. This study has evaluated the nutrient value of decomposed waste from six different municipal dumpsites of varying age ranging between 6 months and 20 years. A green house experiment was conducted using sand culture to study the effects of application of these manures on the growth and yield of a common green leafy vegetable, Amaranthus caudatus. These manures were also compared against organo-mineral fertilizers (prepared from cow dung and municipal solid wastes amended with mineral nitrogen and without amendment) used normally by the farmers. The results showed that the dumpsite manures are rich in C, N, P, and K, which promoted plant growth comparable to normal compost. © 2005 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.	Green amaranth; Manure; Municipal solid wastes; Nigerian agriculture; Organic wastes	decomposition; manure; solid waste; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Amaranthus; Amaranthus caudatus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957796908	Performance of a sorghum/rice mixture at varying proportions of rice in a semi-arid environment of Nigeria	Odion E.C., Yahaya R.A., Aliyu And L., Babaji B.A.	2008	Research on Crops	9	1	None	Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR), Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria	Odion, E.C., Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR), Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria; Yahaya, R.A., Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR), Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria; Aliyu And, L., Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR), Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria; Babaji, B.A., Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR), Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria	A field trial was conducted at Samaru, Nigeria in the 1997 and 1998 cropping seasons to study the effect of rice (Oryza sativum L.) proportions and thinning levels on the performance of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and rice in mixed stands. Sorghum performed better in the drier year than in the wetter one, gave LER values that were lower than expected values except at the 1 : 3 and 1 : 1 stand proportions in 1997 and 1998, respectively. The sorghum crop was most stable at the 1 : 1 stand proportion and less aggressive than the rice crop in the mixed stands. The rice crop performed better in the wetter year than the drier (i. e. 1998 compared to 1997), gave LER values that were lower than expected except at the 1 : 1 and 1 : 4 stand proportions in 1997 and 1998, respectively. The rice crop gave stability values that were lower than expected at all the stand proportions and was more aggressive than the sorghum crop at all the stand proportions. The mixtures gave LER values that were either equal to or greater than 1.00 only at the 1:1 and 1:2 stand proportions; indicating that the mixture was only more efficient than the pure stands at the 1:1 stand proportion. It was also most stable at the 1:1 stand proportion; suggesting that the planting higher proportions of rice for the cash return from rice is detrimental to the mixture and to the food security of farmers in the area.	Mixture; Rice; Semi-arid environment; Sorghum	Oryza; Sativum; Sorghum bicolor	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34748856220	Evaluation of herbicides for weed control in sorghum (Sorghum bicolour) in Nigeria	Ishaya D.B., Dadari S.A., Shebayan J.A.Y.	2007	Crop Protection	26	11	10.1016/j.cropro.2007.02.013	Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria	Ishaya, D.B., Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria; Dadari, S.A., Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria; Shebayan, J.A.Y., Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria	Weed infestation is one of the major threats to cereal production in the Nigerian Savanna. Two trials were conducted in 2002 and 2003 to evaluate different types of herbicides for weed control in sorghum. Among the herbicides tested, pretilachlor+dimethametryne at 2.5 kg a.i./ha, cinosulfuron at 0.05 kg a.i./ha and piperophos+cinosulfuron at 1.5 kg a.i./ha performed best as they effectively controlled weeds, increased crop vigour, plant height, reduced crop injury and produced higher grain yield of sorghum. © 2007.	Control hoe-weeding; Herbicides; Sorghum; Weed	crop production; herbicide; sorghum; weed control; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45749107747	Environmental impact of oil exploration on the crustacean zooplankton of Osse River, Southern Nigeria	Omoigberale M.O., Ogbeibu A.E.	2007	Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research	50	4	None	Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, P. M. B. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria	Omoigberale, M.O., Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, P. M. B. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria; Ogbeibu, A.E., Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, P. M. B. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria	The impact of crude oil exploration on the crustacean zooplankton of Osse River, Edo State (Nigeria) was investigated at five sites between July 2000 and June 2002. Cladocera accounted for 60.85% of the total number of organisms collected from all the five stations, while Copepoda contributed 39.15%. Chydoridae, the only cladoceran family was represented by 11 taxa of two subfamilies, Aloninae (7) and Chydorinae (4). The overall abundance of Cladocera was significantly different (P < 0.05) among the stations. posteriori Duncan Multiple Range (DMR) test showed that the abundance of Cladocera was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in 3 stations, whereas, Copepod abundance was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in 2 stations. The diversity indices revealed the highest and the lowest taxa richness, while Shannon-Wiener and Evenness indices were higher in 3 stations. The temporal dynamics revealed higher faunal abundance during the dry season.	Bio-diversity; Crustacea; Fresh water; Nigerian river environment; Oil exploration impact; Zooplankton	abundance; biodiversity; crude oil; crustacean; environmental impact; oil production; pollution effect; river water; species richness; temporal variation; zooplankton; Africa; Edo; Nigeria; Osse River; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Chydoridae; Cladocera; Copepoda; Crustacea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548511846	Evaluation of herbicides for weed control in three varieties of upland rice (oryza sativa L.) in the Nigerian Savannah	Ishaya D.B., Dadari S.A., Shebayan J.A.Y.	2007	Crop Protection	26	10	10.1016/j.cropro.2006.12.015	Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B 1044, Zaria, Nigeria	Ishaya, D.B., Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B 1044, Zaria, Nigeria; Dadari, S.A., Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B 1044, Zaria, Nigeria; Shebayan, J.A.Y., Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B 1044, Zaria, Nigeria	The effect of herbicides for weed control in three upland rice varieties was evaluated in the Nigerian savannah. Among the herbicides evaluated, pretilachlor+dimethametryne at 2.5 kg a.i./ha and piperophos+cinosulfuron at 1.5 kg a.i/ha perfomed well as they effectively controlled weeds and resulted in better growth and grain yield that was comparable to the hoe-weeded control. Among the rice varieties evaluated, WAB 56-50 and FARO 40 performed better than FARO 38 as they resulted in better growth and yield. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Crop; Herbicides; Rice; Varieties; Weeds	crop yield; growth rate; herbicide; rice; weed control; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Oryza sativa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84960366261	Evaluation of rice genotypes for resistance to brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens stål) populations from the central region of Thailand	Sreewongchai T., Worede F., Phumichai C., Sripichitt P.	2015	Kasetsart Journal - Natural Science	49	4	None	Department of Agronomy, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand; Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute, Sirinka Research Center, Woldia, Ethiopia	Sreewongchai, T., Department of Agronomy, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand; Worede, F., Department of Agronomy, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand, Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute, Sirinka Research Center, Woldia, Ethiopia; Phumichai, C., Department of Agronomy, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand; Sripichitt, P., Department of Agronomy, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand	Intensive cultivation of rice is believed to be one of the factors responsible for the outbreak of brown planthopper (BPH). An experiment was conducted to study the reaction of 22 rice genotypes to six populations of BPH collected from rice research centers and from farmers’ fields of central Thailand. The results showed that populations of BPH from rice research centers were relatively more virulent than those from farmers’ fields. Cluster analysis using the mean BPH damage score divided the genotypes into three groups. Group I contained 18 susceptible genotypes including the susceptible check TN1. Group II contained two moderately resistant genotypes, IR64 and RD31, while the third group was made up of the resistant checks, Rathu Heenati and Ptb33. Rathu Heenati and Ptb33 could be used as sources of resistance for BPH in central Thailand. However, it is important to study the reaction of more genotypes by using additional BPH populations. The differential response of genotypes to populations of rice research centers and farmers’ fields of the same province also needs further investigation. © 2015, Kasetsart University. All right reserved.	Brown planthopper; Nilaparvata lugens stål; Resistance; Rice	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957824383	Fertilizer trials on performance of Aloe-vera	Owoade F.M., Adeoye G.O., Oluwa O.O.A., Olatunji O.O., Lawal B.A.	2008	Research on Crops	9	2	None	Department of Agronomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Owoade, F.M., Department of Agronomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Adeoye, G.O., Department of Agronomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria, Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Oluwa, O.O.A., Department of Agronomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria, Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Olatunji, O.O., Department of Agronomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Lawal, B.A., Department of Agronomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria	Pot experiment was conducted at the University of Ibadan, Ibadan between November 2001 and March 2002 to determine the effects of different fertilizers on the performance of Aloe-vera using a completely randomized design with 19 treatments with four replicates. The fertilizer treatments were control (no fertilizer), 100 and 200 kg/ha of NPK 10-10-10, NPK 15-15-15 and NPK 27-13-13, 50 and 100 kg/ha N (Urea), 40 and 80 kg P 2O5/ha as sokoto rock phosphate. Others are 20 and 40 kg P 2O 5/ha as SSP, organomineral fertilizer grade A and B at 2 and 5 t/ha, 40 and 80 kg/ha K 2O as KCl fertilizer. Parameters measured were leaf length, leaf width, weight gained, number of leaves and number of shoots. Aloe-vera plant treatments with NPK 20-10-10 at 200 kg/ha were the most superior and significantly higher than other treatments in terms of weight, leaf length and leaf width.	Aloe-vera; Medicinal plants; Organic fertilizer; Organomineral fertilizer; Sokoto rock phosphate; Suckers	Aloe vera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860466986	Yield and quality performance of sesame varieties as affected by potassium fertilizer	Olaniyi J.O.	2011	Tropical Agriculture	88	1	None	Department Of Agronomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P. M. B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria	Olaniyi, J.O., Department Of Agronomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P. M. B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria	In view of the relative importance of Sesamum indicum, as a good source of oil and medicinal plants in Africa, the production of good quality and high yielding varieties is highly desirable. The pot experiment was conducted at Ogbomoso in the southwestern Nigeria to determine the level of K fertilizer needed for the maximum seed yield and quality of three sesame varieties. The treatments used included four levels of potassium fertilizer (0, 15, 30 and 45kg K20 ha-1) and three varieties of sesame namely; Pachequero, Panshin and C-K2. These twelve treatments were assigned into a completely randomized design fitted into a factorial experiment with three replications. The plant growth and yield attributes such as plant height, number of leaves, number of flowers, and number of seeds per pod significantly (P≤0.05) improved with increased rate of potassium fertilizer with optimum value obtained at 30kg K20 ha-1. K application significantly (P≤0.05) affected the seed yield and yield components of the three sesame varieties with optimum values obtained at 30kg K20 ha-1. The quality and nutrient elements compositions significantly increased with optimum values obtained when 30 kg K2 0 ha -1 was applied. Therefore, 30kg K20 ha-1 could be applied to sesame on the less productive soils in Ogbomoso. Although all sesame varieties used recorded better performance in this agro-ecological zone, C-K2 showed an outstanding seed yield performance with or without K fertilizer applications. However, the best variety in terms of seed quality was pachequero. © 2011 Trop. Agric. (Trinidad).	Potassium fertilizer; Seed quality; Seed yield; Sesamum indicum; Varieties	Sesamum indicum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33747166729	Evaluation of screening methods for improved storability of soybean seed	Addai I.K., Safo-Kantanka O.	2006	International Journal of Botany	2	2	10.3923/ijb.2006.152.155	Department of Agronomy, University for Development Studies, P.O. Box 1350, Tamale, Ghana; Department of Crop Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Addai, I.K., Department of Agronomy, University for Development Studies, P.O. Box 1350, Tamale, Ghana; Safo-Kantanka, O., Department of Crop Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Various forms of accelerated ageing tests have been used to evaluate storability of seed lots but very little work has been done on how these tests correlate or relate well with ambient storage and their effectiveness in selecting for seed storability. In this study, hundred seeds each from three soybean genotypes were subjected to three accelerated ageing tests by soaking the seeds in 20% ethanol solution for two hours, in 20% methanol solution for two hours or in 75°C hot water for seventy seconds. The same quantity of seeds was stored on laboratory wooden shelves for a period of four months at a temperature range of 22-25°C and 30-35% relative humidity. Germination percentage of seeds from these four categories revealed that the ethanol solution predicted seed storability more than hot water and methanol treatments. In another experiment, seeds from individual M 2 plants were screened either by using the ethanol test or by storing threshed and unthreshed seeds at a temperature range of 22-25°C and relative humidity of 30-35% for a period of four months. Only the M 2 plants whose seeds produced germination percentage of 80% or above were selected. Compared to the two ambient storage methods, the ethanol solution was less effective a screening method for improved seed storability but could be used as an initial screening method to predict seed storability in soybeans. However, storability of such seeds should always be confirmed by storage under ambient conditions especially in later generations of selection. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Accelerated ageing tests; Gamma irradiation; Improved storability; Screening methods; Soybean seed	Glycine max	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860434233	Intercrop performance of maize, sorghum and soybean in row-replacement series systems	Quainoo A.K., Bissue J.K., Aidoo I.K.	2011	Tropical Agriculture	88	4	None	Department of Agronomy, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana; Department of Mathematics and Applied Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana	Quainoo, A.K., Department of Agronomy, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana; Bissue, J.K., Department of Agronomy, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana; Aidoo, I.K., Department of Mathematics and Applied Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana	A field experiment was conducted during the 2001 and 2002 cropping season at the Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana. The objective of the study was to determine the appropriate crop mixture ratios for maize/soybean and sorghum/soybean cropping systems. The crop mixtures were assessed on the basis of new indices termed 'actual yield loss' (AYL) and 'intercropping advantage' (IA), and other existing indices such as land equivalent ratio (LER), relative crowding coefficient (RCC) and monetary advantage (MA). Except the three rows of maize (Zea mays cv. Okomasa) alternating with three rows of soybean (Glycine max cv. sallintuya -1), three rows of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor cv. Framida) alternating with three rows of soybean (Glycine max cv. sallintuya -1), and two rows of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor cv. Framida) alternating with three rows of soybean (Glycine max cv. sallintuya -1), intercropping reduced the yields of the component crops with respect to the pure stands. Three rows of maize (Zea mays cv. Okomasa) alternating with three rows of soybean (Sorghum bicolor cv. Framida proved to be most remunerative mixture (AYL = +0.275, IA = +0.828), followed by three rows of sorghum alternating with three rows of soybean (AYL = +0.065, IA = +0.700) and two rows of sorghum alternating with three rows of soybean (AYL = -0.344, IA = +0.171). Yield loss or gain could not be quantified by LERs and RCCs whereas AYLs and IAs indicated yield loss or gain by its sign. Therefore, AYL and IA are more appropriate when assessing yields in intercropping arrangements. © Trop. Agric. (Trinidad).	AYL; IA; LER; MA; Maize; RCC; Sorghum and soybean	Glycine max; Sorghum bicolor; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865522079	EVALUATION OF THE HEAVY METAL IMMOBILIZATION POTENTIAL OF PINE BARK-BASED COMPOSTS	Gichangi E.M., Mnkeni P.N.S., Muchaonyerwa P.	2012	Journal of Plant Nutrition	35	12	10.1080/01904167.2012.706681	Department of Agronomy, University of Fort Hare, PB X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	Gichangi, E.M., Department of Agronomy, University of Fort Hare, PB X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Mnkeni, P.N.S., Department of Agronomy, University of Fort Hare, PB X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Muchaonyerwa, P., Department of Agronomy, University of Fort Hare, PB X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	Composts have the potential for remediating heavy metal-contaminated soils. This sorption study investigated the potential of composted pine bark (PB) and its co-composts with goat manure (PBG) and sewage sludge (PBS) to immobilize lead [Pb (II)], copper [Cu (II)], zinc [Zn (II)] and nickel [Ni (II)]. The Langmuir maximum sorption capacity (qmax) of the composts followed the order PBG ≫ PBS &gt; PB for the tested metal ions. The qmax values of PBG compost followed the order Cu (II) &gt; Pb (II) &gt; Zn (II) &gt; Ni (II) whereas for PB and PBS composts they followed the order Pb (II) &gt; Cu (II) &gt; Zn (II) &gt; Ni (II). Increasing solution pH improved the Cu and Zn retention capacities of the acidic PB and PBS composts but had no effect on the nearly neutral PBG compost. Thus, the PBG compost had better metal immobilization capacity than the PB and PBS composts, which may require liming to improve their effectiveness. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	adsorption; bioavailability; heavy metals; immobilization; pine bark composts	Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951678075	Comparative performance of direct seeding and transplanting green maize under farmer management in small scale irrigation: A case study of Zanyokwe, Eastern Cape, South Africa	Fanadzo M., Chiduza C., Mnkeni P.N.S.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	7	None	Department of Agronomy, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	Fanadzo, M., Department of Agronomy, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Chiduza, C., Department of Agronomy, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Mnkeni, P.N.S., Department of Agronomy, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	An on-farm experiment was conducted at Zanyokwe irrigation scheme (ZIS) in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa (SA) to evaluate comparative performance of direct seeded and transplanted green maize under farmer management. Results indicated that the mean labour requirements for establishment were 212 h ha-1 with transplanting and 1.9 h ha-1 with direct seeding. Crop stand significantly increased from 48 to 97% when maize was transplanted rather than directly seeded. Variable costs were R5 462 and R1 896 ha-1 for transplanted and directly seeded maize, respectively. The corresponding net benefits were R15 005 and R6 232 ha-1, respectively. All farmers were in favour of transplanting, citing bigger cobs, early maturity and the absence of bird damage with transplanted maize, and this was supported by results of statistical analysis. A follow-up survey conducted during the subsequent summer growing season indicated that of the six farmers, only one continued with transplanting. The results suggest that although transplanting might be a better alternative to direct seeding for the study area, the technology is unlikely to succeed unless the labour intensiveness of manual transplanting can be solved. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Adoption; Crop stand; Direct seeding; Economics; Farmer management; Green maize; Transplanting	Aves; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349449682	Hormonal regulation of energy metabolism in insects as a driving force for performance	Lorenz M.W., Gäde G.	2009	Integrative and Comparative Biology	49	4	10.1093/icb/icp019	Department of Animal Physiology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa	Lorenz, M.W., Department of Animal Physiology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; Gäde, G., Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa	Since all life processes depend on energy, the endocrine control of energy metabolism is one of the driving forces for the performance of an individual. Here, we review the literature on the key players in the endocrine regulation of energy homeostasis in insects, the adipokinetic hormones. These pleiotropic peptides not only control dynamic performance traits (flight, swimming, walking) but also regulatory performance traits (egg production, larval growth, and molting). Adipokinetic hormone is released into the hemolymph during intense muscular activity (flight) and also during apparently less energy-demanding locomotory activities, such as swimming and even walking, and, finally, activates the catabolic enzymes phosphorylase and/or triacylglycerol lipase that mobilize carbohydrates and/or lipids and proline, respectively. At the same time, anabolic processes such as the synthesis of protein, lipid, and glycogen are inhibited. Furthermore, adipokinetic hormones affect locomotory activity via neuromodulatory mechanisms that apparently employ biogenic amines. During oogenesis, it is thought that adipokinetic hormone performs similar tasks, because energetic substrates have to be mobilized and transported from the fat body to the ovaries in order to support oocyte growth. Inhibition of anabolic processes by exogenous adipokinetic hormone results in females that lay fewer and smaller eggs. Much less is known about the role of adipokinetic hormones during larval development and during molting but in this case energy homeostasis has to be tightly regulated as well: in general, during the early phase of a larval instar intake of food prevails and the energy stores of the fat body are established, whereas, prior to the molt, insects stop feeding and mobilize energy stores in the fat body, thereby fueling energy-demanding processes such as the formation of the new cuticle and the emergence from the old one. From the few data available to date, it is clear that adipokinetic hormones are involved in the regulation of these events in larvae.	None	Hexapoda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745316776	Impact of missing elements on nutrient use efficiency of sweet corn (Zea mays L. Saccharum) on five tropical soils	Akinrinde E.A., Teboh E.	2006	Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences	9	5	10.3923/pjbs.2006.961.967	Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Akinrinde, E.A., Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Teboh, E., Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The influence of single element (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) inorganic fertilizers on nutrient use efficiency of sweet corn (Zea mays L. Saccharum) was investigated on some tropical alfisols, ultisols and oxisols of Nigeria. Experimentation involved soils from 5 locations (Enugu, Rockefellar, Alabata, Barthroad and NIFOR) and 7 fertilizer treatments (Control, Complete/adequate nutrient supply, minus (-) N, -P, -K, -Ca and -Mg), replicated three times in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Expectedly, the soils supported crop performance to various extents associated with their fertility levels. Complete nutrient supply and-Ca treatment resulted in the highest biomass production (13.9 and 13.8 g pot-1, respectively) while the control had the least (4.9 g pot-1) followed by-N (5.3 g pot-1)and-P (10.7 g pot-1), indicative of their importance in the nutrition of the crop. The effects on crop nutrient uptake followed the same trend. Nitrogen was the least while K was the most efficiently used nutrient by the crop. Across fertiliser treatments, N use efficiency ranged between 2.4 g g-1 (NIFOR location soil) and 7.0 g g-1 (Bart road location soil). Across soil types, the range was between 2.4 g g-1(-N treatment) to 6.8 g g-1 (with complete nutrient application). Nutrient use efficiencies were highest when the elements considered are omitted in the fertiliser application schedule and/or when its initial content in the soil was low. A categorisation of efficiencies of nutrient use values (into low, medium and high levels) for the soil types was provided on the basis of the experimental data. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Alfisols; Nutrient use efficiency; Oxisol; Single element fertilizers; Soil locations; Sweet-corn; Ultisols	Saccharum; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928943380	Evaluation of nitrogen fertilizer rates on growth and yield of commercially grown maize genotypes in southwestern Nigeria	Olaniyan A.B.	2015	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	13	2	None	Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Olaniyan, A.B., Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Experiments were designed to estimate the nitrogen requirements of some commercially grown maize genotypes and those under research trials. The first experiment consisted of four rates of nitrogen fertilizer (N 0, 25, 75 and 100 kg/ha) with three maize genotypes: single-cross hybrid (Oba Super1), and two open pollinated genotypes, I-WDC3Syn and ACR-91Suwan1-SRC1, while in the second experiment, six fertilizer rates were used (N 0, 50, 75,100,150 and 200 kg/ha) and two additional maize genotypes (STR double cross and STR 3 way cross) were included. Experimental designs were split plot with fertilizer rates as the main plots and maize genotypes as subplots. Data were taken on morphological parameters, growth rates, dry matter production, yield and components of yield. No consistent differences were recorded for most growth and morphological parameters; though the parameters increased with increasing nitrogen. Grain yield of maize genotypes significantly (P = 0.05) increased with response up to N 200 kg/ha; however, no significant increase was obtained above N 75 kg/ha. Grain yield increase of 18.1, 64.8 and 71.8% were recorded at N 25, 75 and 100 kg/ha, respectively, in the first experiment, while increase of 37.5, 42.6, 60.5, 59.3 and 73.4% were recorded at N 50, 75, 100, 150 and 200 kg/ha, respectively, for second experiment. Grain yield of commercial hybrid was higher than that of the open pollinated genotypes in all the nitrogen fertilizer rates. Hybrid maize genotype (Oba super1) outyielded the open pollinated genotypes ACR-91Suwan1-SRC1 and I-WDC3Syn by 13.4 and 20.4%, respectively, in the first experiment and 17.6 and 32.8%, respectively, in the second experiment. In conclusion, hybrid maize genotypes were superior to open pollinated genotypes, indicating that hybrid maize does not require more nitrogen fertilizer than open pollinated in exhibiting their potential yield, also, additional maize grain increase with respect to fertilizer cost was not profitable above N 100 kg/ha. © 2015, World Food Ltd. and WFL Publishers. All rights reserved.	Genotypes; Grain yield; Maize; Nitrogen fertilizer	nitrogen fertilizer; agricultural parameters; Article; biomass production; chlorophyll content; experimental design; genotype; genotype environment interaction; grain yield; growth rate; leaf area; maize; Nigeria; nonhuman; plant growth; plant height; plant structures; plant yield component; plantation; soil analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745311081	Evaluation of differences in tolerance to aluminium toxicity among some tropical cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes	Akinrinde E.A., Neumann G.	2006	Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences	9	5	10.3923/pjbs.2006.954.960	Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Institut fur Pflanzenernahrung (330), Universitaat Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany	Akinrinde, E.A., Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Neumann, G., Institut fur Pflanzenernahrung (330), Universitaat Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany	Aluminium (Al) toxicity is widespread in tropical and temperate acid soils. Eight cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes, G (Ife brown, IT87D-941-1, IT99K-1060, IT84S-2246-4, IT96D-610, IT93K-452-1, IT86D-719 and IT98D-810) were grown for 5 and 17 weeks (1st and 2nd experiments) and evaluated for their differential tolerance to 0, 20 and 50 μM AlCl3 levels applied prior sowing in an Alfisol (Typic Paleudalf). Plant height at weekly intervals (from 2 weeks after planting, WAP), yield and post-cropping soil chemical parameters (pH, extractable-Al, extractable-Mn and available P) were estimated. Except at 2WAP, Al effect was insignificant (p&lt;0.05) on plant height, though extractable-Al differed greatly (p&lt;0.01) among soils sampled after cropping, suggesting need to test higher rates and/or continuous application through irrigation water. On the contrary, G and GxAl interaction significantly affected plant height, yield, soil pH, P-availability and Al tolerance potential. Plants of IT93K-452-1 variety were taller (71.6±3.38 cm) than individual plants of the other varieties at all Al application levels. Aluminium extracted from treated and untreated soils correlated linearly with Al addition levels, but not with the plant performance or other soil chemical parameters. Complexity in the soil environment increased with Al addition to the extent that crop performance became unpredictable and increasingly variable among the genotypes as tolerance to Al became more crucial. Biomass production (followed by pod weight) was the most sensitive parameter to Al addition while extractable Al changed maximally among the soil chemical parameters. The genotypes were categorized into efficient or non-efficient and tolerant or non-tolerant/susceptible types. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	AlCl3 application levels; Aluminium tolerance potential; Genotypic differences; Vigna unguiculata	Vigna juruana; Vigna unguiculata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646593175	Differences in the performance and phosphorus-use efficiency of some tropical rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties	Akinrinde E.A., Gaizer T.	2006	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	5	3	10.3923/pjn.2006.206.211	Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation (310), University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany	Akinrinde, E.A., Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Gaizer, T., Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation (310), University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany	Deficiency of phosphorus (P) is widespread in tropical and temperate acid soils. Six rice (Oryza sativa L) varieties (TOX 4008 - 34, TOX 3499-84, FARO 51, LOCAL CHECK, FAROX 317, and WAT 107 - TGR) were evaluated for their P nutrition capability at 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg kg-1 levels of P applied in an Alfisol. Plant height (from 3 weeks after planting, WAP), number of tillers (from 4 WAP), as well as dry matter (DM) yields, P concentration and uptake in partitioned plant parts and P - use efficiency parameters were estimated after 6 weeks of growth. Plant height at 4 WAP, content and uptake of P determined in shoot and root were significantly (P &lt; 0.01) influenced by P application rates. The varieties also differed significantly in their growth; DM production and P - use efficiency, thus permitting their categorization into efficient or non-efficient and responsive or non-responsive types. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.	Genotypic differences; Oryza sativa; P application levels; P use efficiency; Phosphorus uptake	phosphorus; article; biomass production; chemical composition; concentration (parameters); controlled study; nonhuman; nutritional value; phase partitioning; plant growth; plant height; plant identification; plant root; planting time; quantum yield; rice; shoot; soil acidity; soil analysis; tropics; varietas; Oryza sativa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939782037	Performance of tropical maize hybrids under conditions of low and optimum levels of nitrogen fertilizer application - Grain yield, biomass production and nitrogen accumulation	Abe A., Adetimirin V.O., Menkir A., Moose S.P., Olaniyan A.B.	2013	Maydica	58	2	None	Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, United States	Abe, A., Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adetimirin, V.O., Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Menkir, A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Moose, S.P., Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, United States; Olaniyan, A.B., Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Nitrogen (N) is the most limiting mineral nutrient in the soils of the major maize producing areas of West and Central Africa. Low soil N and sub-optimal application of N fertilizers lead to N deficiency and poor grain yield (GY) in maize. Maize varieties with improved grain yield under low soil N and increased performance under optimal N availability could be beneficial to low input agriculture. This study evaluated the performance of a selection of experimental and commercial hybrids under suboptimal and optimal N fertilizer applications. Significant differences were observed among the hybrids, as well as significant interactions between hybrid and N level for GY and other measured attributes, with the severity of variation increasing as the level of N decreases. Mean GY reductions across the years was 76.5% at no-N and 35.4% at low-N. Depending on N treatment, GY varied from 0.48 to 4.42 Mg ha-1, grain N content from 0.17 to 1.26 g plant-1, total N content at harvest from 0.33 to 2.00 g plant-1, above ground biomass at silking from 30.6 to 91.2 g plant-1 and at maturity from 39.9 to 191.1 g plant-1. Number of kernels was the GY component most severely reduced by N stress and had significant (p ≤ 0.001) positive correlation with GY at all N levels. Six hybrids (4001/4008, KU1409/4008, KU1409/9613, 4008/1808, 4058/Fun 47-4, and 1824/9432) which showed consistent above average grain yields under no-N, low-N, high-N and across N levels were found and their use could further be investigated.	Grain yield; Low input agriculture; Low soil N; Maize hybrids; Number of kernels	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908200710	Impact of soybean (Glycine maxL.) and maize (Zea mays L.) inter-crop on the vegetative and yield performance of yellow oleander (Thevetia peruviana (Pers) Schum.)	Aboyeji C.M., Abayomi Y.A., Aduloju M.O., Olofintoye T.A.J.	2014	Tropical Agriculture	91	3	None	Department of Agronomy, University of Ilorin, florin, Nigeria; College of Agricultural Sciences, Landmark University, Omuaran, Nigeria; National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT), Ibadan, Nigeria	Aboyeji, C.M., Department of Agronomy, University of Ilorin, florin, Nigeria; Abayomi, Y.A., Department of Agronomy, University of Ilorin, florin, Nigeria; Aduloju, M.O., College of Agricultural Sciences, Landmark University, Omuaran, Nigeria; Olofintoye, T.A.J., National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT), Ibadan, Nigeria	Vegetative and yield performance of Thevetia peruviana (Pers) Schum. were evaluated under soybean (Glycine max L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) cropping systems during the 2008 and 2009 rainy seasons at the Research Farm of the Biofuel Alternative and Renewable Energy Ltd, Edidi, Kwara State in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria. The treatment included sole T. peruviana, sole soybean, sole maize, T. peruvtana/soybean and T. peruvianalmaize cropping systems with T. peruviana plant population of 2,500 plants ha-1. The treatments were laid out in Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replicates. Two rows of maize at one plant/stand were planted in each plot assigned for T. peruviana/maize while four rows of maize were planted in each plot assigned for sole maize. Soybean at two plants/stand was planted in each plot assigned for T. peruvtana/soybean and sole soybean. Results obtained indicated that T. peruvtana/soybean cropping system improved the vegetative growth parameters of the two component crops while T. peruviana/maize cropping system reduced both the vegetative and the yield parameters of the test crop. However the widest stem width was observed under the control T. peruviana. The kernel size of T. peruviana was not significantly affected irrespective of the cropping systems. The kernel yield of T. peruviana under T. peruvtana/soybean cropping system increased although statistically similar with sole T. peruviana while the seed yield of soybean under T. peruvtana/soybean cropping system significantly increased when compared with the sole soybean. The complimentary use of growth resources such as nutrients, water and light in T. peruviana/soybean cropping system resulted into increase plant height, number of branches and the overall yield of the two component crops. Thus, it can be recommended that for higher yield and sustainability T. peruvtana/soybean cropping system is better adopted among the cropping systems. © 2014 Trop. Agric. (Trinidad).	Inter-cropping; Thevetia peruviana; Vegetative growth and Kernel yield	Glycine max; Nerium; Thevetia peruviana; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051681371	Value and impact of massive blood transfusion protocols in the management of trauma patients	Ortega-Gonzalez M.D.C., Monzon-Torres B.I.	2011	Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia	17	4	None	Department of Anaesthesia, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa; Trauma Directorate, Division of Surgery, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa	Ortega-Gonzalez, M.D.C., Department of Anaesthesia, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa; Monzon-Torres, B.I., Trauma Directorate, Division of Surgery, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa	Trauma-related injuries are the second leading cause of death and disability in South Africa. The traditional approach to surgery and resuscitation of severely injured patients has undergone change over the past 10 years. New concepts like damage control surgery and damage control resuscitation radically changed the practice of conventional resuscitation. Bleeding trauma patients die as a consequence of the so-called lethal triad or bloody vicious cycle: acidosis, coagulopathy and hypothermia. Effective initial management of trauma patients can help to improve outcomes. © SASA.	Coagulopathy; Damage control resuscitation; Damage control surgery; Hypothermia; Massive bleeding; Massive blood transfusion protocol; Metabolic acidosis	accidental injury; article; bleeding; blood clotting disorder; blood component therapy; blood transfusion; damage control surgery; human; hypothermia; injury; metabolic acidosis; resuscitation; South Africa; traumatology	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861632691	The differential impact of two anesthetic techniques on cortisol levels in Nigerian surgical patients	Aggo A.T., Fyneface-Ogan S., Mato C.N.	2012	Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice	15	1	10.4103/1119-3077.94102	Department of Anaesthesia, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Aggo, A.T., Department of Anaesthesia, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Fyneface-Ogan, S., Department of Anaesthesia, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Mato, C.N., Department of Anaesthesia, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Background: Surgical procedures are associated with a complexity of stress response characterized by neurohumoral, immulogic, and metabolic alterations. Aim: The aim was to compare the effects on the stress response by isoflurane-based intratracheal general anesthesia (ITGA) and bupivacaine-based epidural anesthesia (EA), using cortisol as a biochemical marker. Materials and Methods: Following the approval of the Hospital Ethical Board, informed written consent from patients recruited into this study was obtained. One group received general anesthesia with relaxant technique (group A) while the other group had bupicaine epidural anesthesia with catheter placement for top-ups (group B) for their surgeries. Both groups were assessed for plasma cortisol levels -baseline, 30 minutes after skin the start of surgery and at skin closure. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the baseline mean heart rate, mean arterial pressure (mean MAP) and the mean duration of surgery between the two groups; the baseline mean plasma cortisol level was 88.70 ± 3.85 ng/ml for group A and 85.55 ± 2.29 ng/ml for group B, P=0.148. At 30 minutes after the start of surgery the plasma cortisol level in the GA group was 361.60 ± 31.27 ng/ml while it was 147.45 ± 22.36 ng/ml in the EA group, showing a significant difference, P=0.001. At skin closure the mean plasma cortisol value of 384.65 ± 48.04 ng/ml recorded in the GA group was found to be significantly higher than the value of 140.20 ± 10.74 ng/ml in the GA group, P<0.002. Conclusion: Using plasma cortisol as a measure, bupivacaine-based epidural anesthesia significantly reduces the stress response to surgical stimuli when compared with isoflurane-based tracheal general anesthesia.	Cortisol levels; Epidural anesthesia; General anesthesia; Surgery	anesthetic agent; bupivacaine; hydrocortisone; isoflurane; adult; aged; anesthesia; article; blood; epidural anesthesia; evaluation; female; general anesthesia; heart rate; human; male; methodology; middle aged; surgery; treatment outcome; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Intratracheal; Anesthetics; Bupivacaine; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Isoflurane; Male; Middle Aged; Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care); Surgical Procedures, Operative	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942258758	The appropriateness of preoperative blood testing: A retrospective evaluation and cost analysis	Buley H.E., Bishop D., Rodseth R.	2015	South African Medical Journal	105	6	10.7196/SAMJ.9318	Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Perioperative Research Group, Department of Anaesthetics and Critical Care, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States	Buley, H.E., Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Bishop, D., Perioperative Research Group, Department of Anaesthetics and Critical Care, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Rodseth, R., Perioperative Research Group, Department of Anaesthetics and Critical Care, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States	Background. Inappropriate preoperative blood testing can negatively contribute to healthcare costs. Objective. To determine the extent and cost implications of inappropriate preoperative blood testing in adult patients booked for orthopaedic, general or trauma surgical procedures at a regional hospital in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa (SA). Methods. We undertook a retrospective observational study using routine clinical data collected from eligible patient charts. The appropriateness of preoperative blood tests was evaluated against locally published guidelines on testing for elective and non-elective surgery. The cost of the relevant blood tests was determined using the National Health Laboratory Service 2014 State Pricing List. Results. A total of 320 eligible patient charts were reviewed over a 4-week period. Preoperative blood testing was performed in 318 patients. There was poor compliance with current departmental guidelines, with an estimated over-expenditure of ZAR81 019. Non-compliance was particularly prevalent in younger patients, patients graded as American Society of Anesthesiologists 1 and 2, and low-risk surgery groups. Conclusion. Inappropriate preoperative blood testing is common in our hospital, particularly in low-risk patients. This is associated with an increase in healthcare costs, and highlights the need for SA doctors to become more cost-conscious in their approach to blood testing practices. © 2015, South African Medical Association. All rights reserved.	None	albumin; C reactive protein; calcium; creatinine; electrolyte; magnesium; phosphate; urea; adult; aged; Article; blood cell count; blood examination; blood gas analysis; comorbidity; cost benefit analysis; erythrocyte sedimentation rate; human; international normalized ratio; liver function test; major clinical study; middle aged; observational study; preoperative evaluation; retrospective study; South Africa; surgical technique	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-61649094018	Routine delirium monitoring in a UK critical care unit	Page V.J., Navarange S., Gama S., McAuley D.F.	2009	Critical Care	13	1	10.1186/cc7714	Department of Anaesthetics, Watford General Hospital, Vicarage Road, Watford WD19 4DZ, United Kingdom; Department of Anaesthetics, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Private Bag X03, Mayville 4038, South Africa; Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BN, United Kingdom	Page, V.J., Department of Anaesthetics, Watford General Hospital, Vicarage Road, Watford WD19 4DZ, United Kingdom; Navarange, S., Department of Anaesthetics, Watford General Hospital, Vicarage Road, Watford WD19 4DZ, United Kingdom; Gama, S., Department of Anaesthetics, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Private Bag X03, Mayville 4038, South Africa; McAuley, D.F., Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BN, United Kingdom	Introduction: Delirium in the intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Using an assessment tool has been shown to improve the ability of clinicians in the ICU to detect delirium. The confusion assessment method for the ICU (CAM-ICU) is a validated delirium-screening tool for critically ill intubated patients. The aim of this project was to establish the feasibility of routine delirium screening using the CAM-ICU and to identify the incidence of delirium in a UK critical care unit. Methods: Routine CAM-ICU monitoring was implemented in a mixed critical care unit in January 2007 following a two-month educational and promotional campaign. Guidelines for the management of delirium were introduced. During a two-month prospective audit in September and October 2007, the daily CAM-ICU was recorded by the bedside nurse for consecutive level 2 and level 3 patients admitted to the mixed medical/ surgical critical care ward in a district general hospital. This was repeated in January 2008. Patient outcome was recorded. The records of an additional cohort of ventilated patients were reviewed retrospectively to determine compliance with routine CAM-ICU assessments. Results: Seventy-one patients were included in the observational cohort, with 60 patients in the retrospective cohort. In the prospective group it was not possible to assess for delirium with the CAM-ICU in nine patients due to persistent coma or inability to understand simple instructions. Excluding elective post-operative patients, the incidence of delirium was 45% in patients who could be assessed; in the 27 ventilated patients who could be assessed it was 63%. From the retrospective data compliance with the CAM-ICU assessment was 92%. The incidence of delirium in this retrospective group of ventilated patients who could be assessed was 65%. Conclusions: We have demonstrated that delirium screening is feasible in a UK ICU population. The high incidence of delirium and the impact on outcomes in this UK cohort of patients is in line with previous reports. © 2009 Page et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	adult; aged; article; artificial ventilation; clinical assessment tool; cohort analysis; confusion assessment method for the ICU; controlled study; critically ill patient; delirium; feasibility study; female; high risk patient; human; incidence; intensive care; major clinical study; male; observational study; outcome assessment; patient monitoring; priority journal; retrospective study; United Kingdom; comparative study; critical illness; delirium; intensive care unit; mass screening; methodology; middle aged; prospective study; psychological aspect; Aged; Cohort Studies; Critical Illness; Delirium; Female; Great Britain; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Male; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955931353	Evaluation of the histomorphometric evidences of hydroxyurea-induced testicular cytotoxicity in sprague-dawley rat	Saalu L.C., Jewo P.I., Yama O.E., Oguntola J.A.	2011	Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology	6	4	10.3923/jpt.2011.409.417	Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine (LASUCOM), Lagos State University, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Saalu, L.C., Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine (LASUCOM), Lagos State University, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Jewo, P.I., Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine (LASUCOM), Lagos State University, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Yama, O.E., Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Oguntola, J.A., Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine (LASUCOM), Lagos State University, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria	Hydroxyurea (HDU) is approved for reducing the frequency of painful crises and the need for blood transfusions in adults with sickle cell disease who experience recurrent moderate to severe pain. Treatment with HDU is however, associated with known side effects such as cytotoxicity and myelosuppression. In the present study we evaluated the effect of a clinically relevant dose of HDU used in the treatment in sickle cell disease on the seminiferous tubules of rats. Adult male Sprague -Dawley rats were orally treated with 25 mg HDU kg-1 body weight/day for 28 consecutive days. Control rats received the vehicle for HDU which was normal saline 2.5 mL kg-1 body weight. Groups of rats were sacrificed variously on the next day, the 56th and the 112 day after the last dosing with HDU or saline. The testis were recovered, weighed and subjected to histopathology. The gross anatomical parameters assessed included the testicular weights and volumes while stereological parameters estimated includes diameter and cross-sectional area of the seminiferous tubules; number of profiles per unit area and numerical density of seminiferous tubules. The results show that treatment with HDU exhibited significant atrophic degeneration in the seminiferous tubules compared with controls. There was an initial manifestation of progressive worsening of the testicular profiles with passage of time, as the animals sacrificed on day 56 demonstrated greater toxicity than those autopsied a day after day 28. However, the animals sacrificed on day 112 showed some improvement in their testicular profiles, suggesting some degree of self-reversal or recovery of the effect. We conclude that HDU has a deleterious effect on the rat testis even at the clinically relevant dose used in management of sickle cell disease. © 2011 Academic Journals Inc.	Cytotoxicity; Histopathology; Hydroxyurea; Morphometry; Seminiferous epithelium	hydroxyurea; sodium chloride; acute toxicity; adult animal; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; article; autopsy; chronic toxicity; controlled study; drug cytotoxicity; histopathology; male; nonhuman; rat; reproductive toxicity; seminiferous tubule; sickle cell anemia; stereology; testis; testis atrophy; testis size; testis weight; toxicity testing; treatment duration	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84906959586	Vortex-assisted ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of sulfonylurea herbicides in wine samples by capillary high-performance liquid chromatography	Gure A., Lara F.J., García-Campaña A.M., Megersa N., Del Olmo-Iruela M.	2014	Food Chemistry	170	None	10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.065	Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, Spain; Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Gure, A., Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, Spain, Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Lara, F.J., Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, Spain; García-Campaña, A.M., Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, Spain; Megersa, N., Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Del Olmo-Iruela, M., Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, Spain	A new sample treatment, namely vortex-assisted ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (VA-IL-DLLME), followed by capillary liquid chromatography has been developed for the determination of four sulfonylurea herbicides (SUHs): flazasulfuron (FS), prosulfuron (PS), primisulfuron-methyl (PSM) and triflusulfuron-methyl (TSM) in wine samples. The ionic liquid (IL) 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C6MIM][PF6]) was used as extraction solvent and was dispersed using methanol into the sample solution, assisted by a vortex mixer. Various parameters influencing the extraction efficiency, such as type and amount of IL, type and volume of disperser solvent, sample pH, salting-out effect, vortex and centrifugation time were studied. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection and quantification of the proposed method were in the ranges of 3.2-6.6 and 10.8-22.0 μg kg-1, respectively; lower than the maximum residue limits set by the EU for these matrices. The proposed method was successfully applied to different wine samples and satisfactory recoveries were obtained. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Capillary liquid chromatography; Ionic liquid; Sulfonylurea herbicides; Vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction; Wine samples	Capillary high-performance liquid chromatography; Capillary liquid chromatography; Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction; Sulfonylurea herbicides; Vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction; Wine sample; Ionic liquids; flazasulfuron; herbicide; imidazole derivative; ionic liquid; methanol; primisulfuron methyl; prosulfuron; sulfonylurea derivative; triflusulfuron methyl; unclassified drug; herbicide; ionic liquid; solvent; sulfonylurea derivative; Article; capillary high performance liquid chromatography; centrifugation; high performance liquid chromatography; limit of detection; limit of quantitation; liquid phase microextraction; pH; solvent extraction; vortex assisted ionic liquid dispersive liquid liquid microextraction; wine; analysis; chemistry; high performance liquid chromatography; procedures; wine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Herbicides; Ionic Liquids; Solvents; Sulfonylurea Compounds; Wine	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-29844456882	Determination of trace levels of dinitrophenolic compounds in environmental water samples using hollow fiber supported liquid membrane extraction and high performance liquid chromatography	Berhanu T., Liu J.-F., Romero R., Megersa N., Jönsson J.Å.	2006	Journal of Chromatography A	1103	1	10.1016/j.chroma.2005.10.082	Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Berhanu, T., Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden, Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Liu, J.-F., Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden; Romero, R., Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden; Megersa, N., Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Jönsson, J.Å., Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden	A hollow fiber supported liquid membrane extraction method for the liquid chromatographic determination of dinitrophenolic compounds at ppt levels has been developed. Different variables affecting the extraction process, such as extraction time, shaking speed, acceptor pH, acceptor buffer concentration, salt content and humic acids have been studied. Enrichment factors up to 7000 times were obtained. Validation of the method included calibration experiments and studies of the linearity of the responses in different matrices. Good linearity was obtained in the environmental matrices evaluated. Detection limits range from 6.0 to 8.0 ng/L, and the relative standard deviations do not exceed 7% in terms of repeatability. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Dinitrophenols; Environmental waters; Hollow fiber; HPLC; Phenolic herbicides; Supported liquid membrane	Extraction; High performance liquid chromatography; Liquid membranes; pH effects; Trace analysis; Dinitrophenols; Environmental waters; Hollow fibers; Phenolic herbicides; Supported liquid membranes; Nitrogen compounds; 2,4 dinitrophenol; article; calibration; extraction; high performance liquid chromatography; hollow fiber; liquid membrane; priority journal; validation process; Chemical Fractionation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dinitrophenols; Herbicides; Humic Substances; Reproducibility of Results; Water Pollutants, Chemical	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903646974	Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Followed by Capillary High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Determination of Six Sulfonylurea Herbicides in Fruit Juices	Gure A., Lara F.J., Megersa N., del Olmo-Iruela M., García-Campaña A.M.	2014	Food Analytical Methods	7	7	10.1007/s12161-013-9775-5	Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain; Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Gure, A., Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain, Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Lara, F.J., Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain; Megersa, N., Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; del Olmo-Iruela, M., Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain; García-Campaña, A.M., Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain	In this study a simple, rapid, and efficient method has been developed for the determination of six sulfonylurea herbicides (SUHs): triasulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, chlorsulfuron, flazasulfuron, chlorimuron-ethyl, and primisulfuron-methyl in commercial grape and apple juice samples, using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with capillary high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. Various parameters that influence the extraction efficiency, such as the type and volume of extraction and disperser solvents, sample pH, and salt addition, were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, limits of detection and quantification of the method were in the ranges of 2-9 and 8-29 μg L-1, respectively, lower than the maximum residue limits set by the European Union for the raw fruits, such as grape and apple. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations varied from 1.0 to 8.2 and 1.8 to 9.8 %, respectively, with recoveries between 72.0 and 109.5 % for commercial grape (both white and red) and apple juice samples, showing satisfactory accuracy for the determination of SUHs in fruit juices. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Capillary HPLC/DAD; Commercial grape and apple juice samples; Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction; Sulfonylurea herbicides	Chromatography; Fruit juices; Herbicides; High performance liquid chromatography; Weed control; Apple juice; Capillary high-performance liquid chromatography; Capillary HPLC; Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction; Extraction efficiencies; Maximum residue limits; Relative standard deviations; Sulfonylurea herbicides; Solvent extraction; Malus x domestica; Vitaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921669039	Toxicological evaluation of methanol leaves extract of Vernonia Bipontini Vatke in blood, liver and kidney tissues of mice	Alebachew M., Kinfu Y., Makonnen E., Bekuretsion Y., Urga K., Afework M.	2014	African Health Sciences	14	4	10.4314/ahs.v14i4.33	Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Drug Research, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Alebachew, M., Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Kinfu, Y., Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Makonnen, E., Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Bekuretsion, Y., Department of Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Urga, K., Department of Drug Research, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Afework, M., Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Background: Various medicinal plants have been studied using modern scientific approaches. These plants have a variety of properties and various biological components that can be used to treat various diseases. However, harmful effects of plants are common clinical occurrence.Objective:This study was designed to investigate toxicological assessment of acute and chronic methanol leaf extract of Vernonia bipontini Vatke (V.bipontini V) on blood, liver and kidney tissues of mice.Methods: Lethal dose (LD) at which 50% of experimental mice died and long term toxicity of methanolic leaf extract of V. bipontini V were determined. Some hematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Then, liver and kidney tissues of each animal were taken and processed for light microscopy.Results: Almost all mice treated with 800mg/kg methanol leaf extract of V. bipontini V showed swellings on the left part of abdominal region related to location of spleen, mild diarrhea and enlargement of spleen. The LD50 of the methanol leaf extract of V. bipontini V was 2130.6±1.5mg/kg. Treatment with 800mg/kg body weight of methanol leaf extract significantly decreased body, liver and kidney weights, red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin (Hgb), mean cell haemoglobin (Mch), Mchc, platelet and significantly increased serum aspartate transferance (AST), vatanine tranferance(ALT) and alkaline phosphate (ALP) levels while 400mg/kg dose had no effect on these parameters. The reduced organ weights did not correlate with loss of body weight at 800mg/kg of methanol leaf extract of the plant. Light microscope observations of liver tissue of mice treated with 800mg/kg of the methanol leaf extract revealed dilated sinusoids, nuclear enlargement, lots of bi-nucleation of hepatocytes, peripheral cramped chromatin, shrinkages (single cell death) of hepatocytes, fragmentation of hepatocytes while no histopathological changes were observed in liver and kidney of mice treated at 400mg/kg. Kidney tissue sections of mice did not show significant histopathological changes at 400mg/kg. However, at 800mg/kg kidney sections showed increased cellularity of glomerulus, urinary space obliteration and enlarged macula densa.Conclusion: This study suggests that the methanol leaf extract may have been phytotoxic to liver that resulted in a rise in serum AST, ALT and ALP levels. © 2014 Makerere University, Medical School. All rights reserved.	Hematological and biochemical; Kidney; Liver; Methanol; Swiss Albino mice; V. Bipontini Vatke	alkaline phosphatase; hemoglobin; herbaceous agent; plant extract; unclassified drug; vernonia bipontini vatke extract; abdominal swelling; adult; animal experiment; animal tissue; Article; body weight; controlled study; diarrhea; disease severity; drug blood level; drug liver level; drug tissue level; enzyme blood level; erythrocyte count; female; hematological parameters; hemoglobin blood level; kidney; kidney injury; kidney mass; LD 50; liver cell damage; liver sinusoid; liver weight; male; medicinal plant; microscopy; mouse; nonhuman; plant leaf; splenomegaly; thrombocyte count; toxicokinetics; Vernonia bipontini Vatke; weight reduction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856300509	Determination of the effect of probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on growth performance and hematological parameters of rabbits	Ezema C., Eze D.C.	2012	Comparative Clinical Pathology	21	1	10.1007/s00580-010-1066-6	Department of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria	Ezema, C., Department of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria; Eze, D.C., Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria	Insufficient supply of animal protein is a major problem in developing countries including Nigeria. Rabbits are adjudged to be a convenient source of palatable and nutritious meat, high in protein, and contain low fat and cholesterol. A doe can produce more than 15 times her own weight in offspring in a year. However, its productivity may be limited by inadequate nutrition. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation on growth performance and some hematological parameters of rabbit. The appropriate level of the probiotic inclusion for excellent health status and optimum productivity was also determined. A total of 40 male rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (A-D) of ten rabbits each. Each group was subdivided into two replicates of five rabbits each. They were fed pelleted grower mash ad libitum. The feed for groups A to C were supplemented with bioactive yeast (probiotic) at inclusion levels of 0.08, 0.12, and 0.16 g yeast/kg diet, respectively. Group D had no yeast (control). Daily feed intake was determined. The rabbits were weighed weekly. The packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration, white blood cell total, and differential counts were determined at the 8th week, 16th week, and 22nd week following standard procedures. The three results which did not have any significant difference were pooled together. Group A which had 0.08 g yeast/kg of diet had a significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) PCV than groups B (which had 0.12 g yeast/kg of diet) and C (which had 0.16 g yeast/kg of diet) as well as D (the control). Total WBC count for groups B and C (14.35 ± 0.100 × 10 3/μl and 14.65 ± 0.786 × 10 3/μl, respectively) were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than groups A and D (6.33 ± 0.335 × 10 3/μl and 10.40 ± 0.296 × 10 3/μl, respectively). Also the absolute neutrophils and lymphocytes counts were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) in groups B and C than in groups A and D. Group B had significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) weight gain (1.025 ± 0.006 kg/rabbit) followed by group A (0.950 ± 0.092 kg/rabbit). The control (group D) had the least weight gain of 0.623 ± 0.0.099 kg/rabbit. These results showed that like most probiotics, bioactive yeast at an appropriate level of inclusion had a significant beneficial effect on health status and growth rate of rabbit. Probiotic supplementation level of 0.12 g yeast/kg of diet was recommended for optimum rabbit production. © 2010 Springer-Verlag London Limited.	Feed; Growth rate; Health status; Probiotic; Rabbit	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928697233	Impact of alcohol on male reproductive hormones, oxidative stress and semen parameters in Sprague-Dawley rats	Oremosu A.A., Akang E.N.	2015	Middle East Fertility Society Journal	20	2	10.1016/j.mefs.2014.07.001	Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria; Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria	Oremosu, A.A., Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria; Akang, E.N., Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria	Objective To investigate the impact of alcohol on the reproductive hormones, oxidative stress and semen parameters. Design This is an experimental animal study. Materials and methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 170 and 200 g received 30% v/v ethanol at a concentration of 2 g/kg body weight for a period of 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 16 weeks. Parameters tested include: testosterone, estrogen, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), gonadotropin hormone releasing hormone (GnRH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), sperm count and sperm motility. Results After the 4 week study, there was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in estrogen levels, sperm count and sperm motility. Testosterone levels also decreased while MDA levels increased significantly. After the 8 week study, testosterone levels decreased significantly, LH and FSH also decreased but GnRH levels increased significantly. MDA and SOD levels increased significantly but sperm count and sperm motility decreased significantly compared to controls. After the 16 week study, testosterone and GnRH levels decreased significantly compared to controls. MDA levels increased significantly while sperm count and motility decreased significantly. Conclusion Acute and chronic administration of alcohol depletes testosterone levels, increases oxidative stress and decreases semen parameters. This impact of alcohol on testosterone levels is mediated by direct testicular toxicity and by altering the hormone feedback system in the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus.	Alcohol; Infertility; Luteinizing hormone; Oxidative stress; Sperm count; Sperm motility; Testosterone	alcohol; estrogen; follitropin; glutathione; gonadorelin; luteinizing hormone; malonaldehyde; superoxide dismutase; testosterone; adult; alcohol consumption; animal cell; animal experiment; Article; concentration (parameters); controlled study; feedback system; hormone action; hormone determination; hypophysis; male; male infertility; nonhuman; oxidative stress; protein analysis; rat; spermatozoon count; spermatozoon motility; testis disease; tissue level	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858750618	Infecund evaluation of cycling female Sprague-Dawley rats: An aftermath treatment with Momordica charantia seed extract	Amah C.I., Yama O.E., Noronha C.C.	2012	Middle East Fertility Society Journal	17	1	10.1016/j.mefs.2011.08.003	Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Amah, C.I., Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Yama, O.E., Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Noronha, C.C., Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Introduction: Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) grows in tropical areas including parts of the Amazon, Africa, Asia and the Caribbean. It has an array of biologically active plant chemicals including triterpenes, proteins and steroids. Aim: The aim is to evaluate the effect of methanolic seed extract of M. charantia (MC) on ova count, implantation and the fetus of Sprague-Dawley rats. Methodology: Thirty adult cyclic female Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats divided into three groups (A, B and C) of 10 rats/group were used for the study. The female rats in Groups B and C were made pregnant by cohabiting with male S-D rats. In all the groups, MC extract was administered in the morning (9.00 a.m.) at a dose of 25 mg/100 g b.w./oral. In Group A, rats (in proestrous phase) were treated with a single dose and sacrificed the following day (estrous phase). Rats in Group B were fed once daily from day 1 to 10 of gestation and sacrificed on the 12th day. Rats in Group C were fed once daily from day 6 to 19 of gestation and sacrificed on the 20th day of gestation. The following were assessed: ova count, anti-implantation, early abortifacient properties and possible teratogenicity. Result: The extract completely suppressed the release of ova and exhibited highly significant anti-implantation activity. Significant (p < 0.05) changes were seen in the mean body weight, mean crown rump length and mean tail length of the fetuses. Conclusion: In conclusion, MC (25 mg/100 g b.w.) exhibited anti-ovulatory and anti-implantation (early abortifacient) properties. These are certainly desirable anti-fertility actions. It also resulted in prenatal growth deficiencies. © 2011 Middle East Fertility Society. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Abortifacient; Momordica charantia; Ova count; Sprague-Dawley	abortive agent; Momordica charantia extract; animal cell; animal experiment; article; body height; body weight; cell count; controlled study; dose response; drug effect; estrus; female; female infertility; fetus; fetus growth; gestation period; morning dosage; multiple cycle treatment; nonhuman; oocyte; plant seed; pregnancy outcome; proestrus; rat; Sprague Dawley rat; teratogenicity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880680080	Evaluation of antioxidant potential of methanolic leaf extract of anacardium Occidentale (Linn) on the testes of streptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rats	Ukwenya V., Ashaolu O., Adeyemi D., Obuotor E., Tijani A., Biliaminu A., Caxton-Martins E.	2013	European Journal of Anatomy	17	2	None	Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria; D	Ukwenya, V., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria; Ashaolu, O., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria; Adeyemi, D., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Obuotor, E., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Tijani, A., Department of Biochemistry, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria; Biliaminu, A., Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Caxton-Martins, E., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Anti-diabetic and antioxidant properties. The objective of this work was to determine the effects of Anacardium occidentale leaf extract (AOLE) on the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and anti-oxidant enzymes (Glutathione peroxidase, GPx and superoxide dismutase, SOD) in the testicular homogenate of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Forty (40) wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomly divided into four experimental groups. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (70 mg/kg b.w.). Five days after the confirmation of hyperglycemia, Groups A and B were treated with 300 mg/kg b.w of the extract and 1 I.U/kg b.w. insulin respectively. Groups C and D served as hyperglycemic and normal controls respectively. Animals were sacrificed 16 days after treatment. Our study showed that AOLE ameliorated the level of TBARS and improved the activities of G-6-PDH, SOD and GPx in the testes of extract-treated rats.	Anacardium occidentale; Anti-oxidant; Diabetes; Hyperglycemia; Oxidative stress.	Anacardium occidentale leaft extract; antioxidant; enzyme; glucose; glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase; isophane insulin; peroxidase; plant extract; superoxide dismutase; thiobarbituric acid reactive substance; unclassified drug; animal cell; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antioxidant activity; article; controlled study; drug effect; enzyme activity; glucose blood level; hyperglycemia; male; nonhuman; oxidative stress; rat; streptozocin diabetes; testis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349574617	Evaluation of the Histo-Gastroprotective and antimicrobial activities of Heliotropium indicum linn (Boraginaceae)	Adelaja A.A., Ayoola M.D., Otulana J.O., Akinola O.B., Olayiwola A., Ejiwunmi A.B.	2008	Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences	15	3	None	Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P.M.B. 1515, Ikenne, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P.M.B. 1515, Ikenne, Ogun State, Nigeria; Depar	Adelaja, A.A., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P.M.B. 1515, Ikenne, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ayoola, M.D., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P.M.B. 1515, Ikenne, Ogun State, Nigeria; Otulana, J.O., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P.M.B. 1515, Ikenne, Ogun State, Nigeria; Akinola, O.B., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Olayiwola, A., Department of Morbid Anatomy, Olabisi Onabanjo Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 1515, Ikenne, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ejiwunmi, A.B., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P.M.B. 1515, Ikenne, Ogun State, Nigeria	Heliotropium indicum of the family Boraginaceae is used locally in Nigeria to treat ailments such as ulcer and fever. In this study, ulceration of the gastric mucosa in Wistar rats was induced via the oral administration of 80mg/kg/bodyweight of Indomethacin. Histological analyses of the stomach body wall in the rats of Groups 2 and 4 (which received 100mg/kg/bodyweight of extract before oral administration of 80mg/kg/bodyweight Indomethacin and 80mg/kg/bodyweight Indomethacin only respectively) showed erosion of the mucus-secreting cells, gastric pit, upper and middle parts of gastric glands and some of the parietal cells. Histological observations of the stomach body wall in rats of Group 5 (which received 200mg/kg/bodyweight of extract before oral administration of 80mg/kg/bodyweight of Indomethacin) showed erosion of the mucus-secreting cells, gastric pit and the upper most part of the gastric gland. Histological observations of the stomach body wall in rats of Groups 1, 6 and 3 (which received 50mg/kg/bodyweight of Ranitidine and 400mg/kg/bodyweight of extract before oral administration of 80mg/kg/bodyweight Indomethacin; and only 80mg/kg/bodyweight of Normal Saline respectively) showed normal morphological appearance of the different components of the mucosa layer. Thus, the aqueous extracts of the dried leaves of Heliotropium indicum have dose dependent histo-gastroprotective effects.	Heliotropium indicum; Histo-gastroprotective effects; Mucosa; Ulcerated gastric	Heliotropium indicum extract; indometacin; plant extract; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antimicrobial activity; article; controlled study; Heliotropium; heliotropium indicum; histopathology; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant leaf; rat; stomach erosion; stomach mucosa; stomach parietal cell; stomach protection; stomach ulcer; Wistar rat	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80155133371	Stereological evaluation of the effects of momordica charantia, antioxidants and testosterone on seminiferous tubules of rat [Evaluación estereológica de los efectos de momordica charantia, antioxidantes y testosterona sobre los túbulos seminíferos de rat	Yama O.E., Duru F.I., Oremosu A.A., Noronha C.C., Okanlawon A.	2011	International Journal of Morphology	29	3	None	Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Yama, O.E., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Duru, F.I., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Oremosu, A.A., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Noronha, C.C., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Okanlawon, A., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Ubiquitous consumption of Momordica charantia is hinged on credence of its potency in alleviating ailments. Almost no data exist on its quantitative relationship to the testes. The aim was to study the histomorphometric effect of Momordica charantia seed extract (MC), ascorbic acid (C), alpha-tocopherol (E) and testosterone (T) on the testes of rats. Ninety five mature 6-8 week-old male Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats allotted randomly into six groups. Group I: fed MC for 16 weeks. Group II: administered MC for 8 weeks, later distilled water for another 8 weeks. Group III: administered C, E, T and a combination of all three test solutions (CET) for 8 weeks and later fed MC for another 8 weeks. Group IV: received MC initially for 8 weeks and later administered C, E, T and CET for another 8 weeks. Group V: fed concurrently the extract, C, E, T and CET for 8 weeks. Group VI (control): administered C, E, T, CET and distilled water for 16 weeks. The doses for MC, C, E and T were 50 mg/100 g b.w/oral/day, 0.01, 20.0 and 0.05 mg/kg. The animals were sacrificed; testes estimated for volume. Diameter, cross sectional area (AC), number of profiles per unit area (NA), length density (LV) and numerical density (NV) of the seminiferous tubules determined. The mean testicular volumes, tubular diameters and AC showed significant decline (p ≤ 0.05) in Groups I and III compared to controls. On cessation of MC values recovered to baseline control value. Groups IV and V, were not significantly (p £ 0.05) different from controls. There was a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in NA, LV and NV of seminiferous tubules in Groups I and III compared to controls. Histomorphometric data supports a reversible deleterious effect of MC on testes.	Histomorphometric; Momordica charantia; Sprague-dawley; Testes	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901591426	Rhodinol-based incense testiculotoxicity in albino rats: Testicular histology, spermatogenic and biochemical evaluations	Akingbade A.M., Saalu L.C., Oyebanji O.O., Oyeniran D.A., Akande O.O., Akunna G.G.	2014	Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology	9	2	10.3923/jpt.2014.68.81	Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Anatomy, Federal University Nudfu-Alike Ikwo, Ebony State, Nigeria	Akingbade, A.M., Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Saalu, L.C., Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Oyebanji, O.O., Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Oyeniran, D.A., Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Akande, O.O., Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Akunna, G.G., Department of Anatomy, Federal University Nudfu-Alike Ikwo, Ebony State, Nigeria	This study evaluates the testicular degeneration induced by Rhodinol-based incense using testicular histology, sperm characteristics, as well as testicular oxidative status bio-markers. Twenty four male adult albino rats (10-12 weeks old) weighing 200-230 g were divided into four groups (A, B, C and D) of six rats each. Group A served as the control group and the animals in this group were exposed to 1 g of natural solid air freshner. Groups B, C and D, were exposed to 1, 2 and 3 g of rhodinol-based incense smoke, respectively for 30-40 min every day for 62 days. All the exposures were via whole body inhalation. The animals were sacrificed 24 h after. The results obtained from this study showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the gross anatomical parameters of absolute and relative testicular weights in rats exposed to 2 g and 3 g rhodinol based incense when compared to the control group. The rhodinol-based incense exposed groups of rats also demonstrated a reduction of basal seminiferous epithelia, testicular atrophy, germinal aplasia and hypo-spermatozoa formation. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant (p<0.05) decrease in sperm count, sperm motility, normal sperm morphology and a significant (p<0.05) increase in total abnormal sperm morphology in group of animals exposed to 2 and 3 g rhodinol-based incense when compared to the control group. In addition, groups of animals exposed to 2 and 3 g rhodinol-based incense demonstrated a derangement in their oxidative status when compared to the control group as evidence by the significant (p<0.05) decreased in activities of superoxide peroxidase, catalase, glutathione, reduced glutathione and significant (p<0.05) increase malondialdehyde (a product of lipid perioxidation). Taken together, it was concluded that rhodinol-based incense produces testicular derangement in testicular histology, sperm parameters and oxidative status in albino rats. This derangement may be mediated at least in part through the oxidative pathway. © 2014 Academic Journals Inc.	Histology; Infertility; Oxidative stress; Rats; Rhodinol	catalase; endocrine disruptor; glutathione; malonaldehyde; rhodinol; superoxide dismutase; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; biochemistry; controlled study; enzyme activity; histology; male; nonhuman; oxidative stress; rat; seminiferous tubule epithelium; spermatogenesis; spermatozoon count; spermatozoon motility; testiculotoxicity; testis atrophy; testis weight; toxicity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34248504652	The differential impact of various assessment parameters on the medical students performance in the professional anatomy examination in a new medical school	Shittu L.A.J., Zachariah M.P., Izegbu M.C., Adesanya O.A., Ashiru O.A.	2006	International Journal of Morphology	24	4	None	Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University, College of Medecine (Lasucom), PMB 21266, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Psychiatry, Lagos State University, College of Medecine (Lasucom), PMB 21266, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Morbid Anatomy	Shittu, L.A.J., Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University, College of Medecine (Lasucom), PMB 21266, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Zachariah, M.P., Department of Psychiatry, Lagos State University, College of Medecine (Lasucom), PMB 21266, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Izegbu, M.C., Department of Morbid Anatomy, Lagos State University, College of Medecine (Lasucom), PMB 21266, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Adesanya, O.A., Department of Anatomy, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo-State, Nigeria; Ashiru, O.A., Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University, College of Medecine (Lasucom), PMB 21266, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria	There is a dearth of knowledge on the level of agreement between all the various assessment tasks on the same content area, in order to test this hypothesis we adopted the concept of convergent validity and also to isolate area of academic weakness among the students and to readjust the curriculum content to balance the weakness. A blinded cohort retrospective study was carried out on a total of sixty-six third year medical students who had sat for their first professional examination in anatomy in the new medical college of Lagos State University. Using records of their grades in the various assessments parameters- the average end-in course assessment, short essays question (SEQ), multiplechoice questions (MCQ), and practical (Steeple-chase). The mean + S.D. Pearson's correlation with students t-test (p< 0.05 being significant) were analyzed using the computerized SPSS 11 (SPSS inc. Chicago, Illinois) software package. The practical was significantly correlated with overall performance (r = 0.89, p< 0.01); with the student t-value of 6.15 (p< 0.01). Although, the SEQ showed significant correlation to overall performance (r =0.72; p<0.01), the t-value of 0.4 was nonsignificant, but, within an acceptable range. The practical, MCQ, SEQ and end-incourse showed an overall rank order of relative performance in assessment tasks, therefore indicates that, in general, students performance in the Professional examination was better than in the end-incourse examination and hence, the need to reappraise this pattern and emphasize the role of incourse assessment in the curriculum. © 2007 Sociedad Chilena de Anatom•br>.	Anatomy; Assessment parameters; Nigeria; Student performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77649197354	Biological relevance of ion energy in performance of human endothelial cells on ion-implanted flexible polyurethane surfaces	Özkucur N., Richter E., Wetzel C., Funk R.H.W., Monsees T.K.	2010	Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part A	93	1	10.1002/jbm.a.32541	Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Department of Ion Beam Physics and Material Research, Dresden, Germany; Department of Ion Beam and Plasma Technique, Fraunhofer Institute, Dresden, Germany; Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa	Özkucur, N., Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; Richter, E., Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Department of Ion Beam Physics and Material Research, Dresden, Germany; Wetzel, C., Department of Ion Beam and Plasma Technique, Fraunhofer Institute, Dresden, Germany; Funk, R.H.W., Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; Monsees, T.K., Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany, Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa	To improve the biocompatibility of polyurethane (PUR), we modified the surface by irradiation with different ions (Carbon; C, Oxygen; O, Nitrogen; N, or Argon; Ar) at 0.3-50 keV energy and doses of 1,00E+13 - 1,00E+15 ions/cm 2. The effects of ion implantation using different ion energies and densities were observed on adhesion, proliferation, and viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The long-term in vitro stability of ion-implanted PUR was also investigated. Ion irradiation moderately affected the surface roughness (Ra), but strongly enhanced the work of adhesion (Wa). Cell adhesion was markedly improved on O-, N-, and Ar-, but not on C-implanted PUR surfaces. Medium ion energies and lower ion doses produced the best HUVEC attachment and proliferation, indicating the importance of choosing the proper range of energy applied during ion irradiation. In addition, apoptosis rates were significantly reduced when compared with unmodified PUR (uPUR). N implantation significantly protected the surface, although C implantation led to stronger surface erosions than on uPUR. In total, ion implantation on flexible PUR surfaces strongly improved the material surface characteristics and biocompatibility. Electron beam ion implantation within an appropriate energy window is thus a key to improving flexible PUR surfaces for clinical use to support endothelial cell performance. Thus, it can contribute to designing small-diameter grafts, which are in great demand, towards vascular tissue engineering applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	Adhesion; Biocompatibility; HUVECs; Ion implantation; Polyurethane	Apoptosis rates; Clinical use; Energy windows; Flexible Polyurethanes; Human endothelial cells; Human umbilical vein endothelial cells; HUVECs; In-vitro; Ion dose; Ion energies; Ion irradiation; Material surface; N implantation; Small-diameter; Surface erosion; Vascular tissue engineering; Work of adhesion; Adhesion; Argon; Biocompatibility; Blood vessel prostheses; Cell adhesion; Cell death; Electron beams; Ion bombardment; Ion implantation; Oxygen; Self assembly; Surface properties; Surface roughness; Tissue engineering; Endothelial cells; argon; carbon; ion; nitrogen; oxygen; polyurethan; apoptosis; article; biocompatibility; cell adhesion; cell count; cell density; cell proliferation; cell structure; cell viability; concentration response; controlled study; electron beam; endothelium cell; energy; human; human cell; implantation; irradiation; surface property; umbilical vein; Apoptosis; Cell Adhesion; Cell Count; Cell Proliferation; Cell Shape; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; Endothelial Cells; Humans; Implants, Experimental; Ions; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Pliability; Polyurethanes; Surface Properties; Thermodynamics	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350077109	Spermatotoxic impact of bonny light crude oil (BLCO) ingestion on adult male Swiss albino mice	Adesanya O.A., Shittu L.A.J., Omonigbehin E.A., Tayo A.O.	2009	International Journal of Physical Sciences	4	5	None	Department of Anatomy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, College of Medicine, Ogun, Nigeria; Department of Anatomical Sciences, University of Abuja, College of Health Sciences Gwagwalada, P. O. Box 882, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria; Nigerian Medical Research Ins	Adesanya O.A., Department of Anatomy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, College of Medicine, Ogun, Nigeria; Shittu, L.A.J., Department of Anatomical Sciences, University of Abuja, College of Health Sciences Gwagwalada, P. O. Box 882, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria; Omonigbehin, E.A., Nigerian Medical Research Institute, NIMR, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria; Tayo A.O., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Increasing concern has been expressed about the possible declining trend in the sperm quality and sperm count of man as a result of exposure to environmental estrogenic agents in the past few years now. There is a general paucity of knowledge of BLCO ingestion on the reproductive effect. Hence, we aim to evaluate the impact of sub-lethal dose of BLCO ingestion on semen parameters of adult male mice. Initial acute toxicity study was carried out to determine the lethal dose of BLCO, which was calculated to be 37.4 mg/Kg body wt. A sub-lethal dose of 20 mg/Kg bwt /day of BLCO were then given to 8 male mice in the experimental group. While,the control group of 7 animals received equal volume of 0.9% normal saline via oral garvage for 2 weeks. Data were analysed using SPSS 12 statistical software with P &gt;0.05 considered statistically significant. There was a significant (P &gt;0.05) weight gain in the treated group with a significant (P &gt;0.05) reduction in sperm motility in the treated compared with control. The sperm density of treated and control were 14.5 × 106ml and 20.5 × 106 /ml respectively. However, there were also no significant difference in the relative testicular weight and sperm density of treated from that of the control respectively. Thus, it was concluded that BLCO ingestion is spermatotoxic in the adult male Swiss mice © 2009 Academic Journals..	Adult male mice; BLCO; Motility; Sperm density; Sub-lethal dose	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922985341	Radiologic Evaluation of the Orbital Index among the Igbo Ethnic Group of Nigeria	Ezeuko V.C., Om'Iniabohs F.A.E.	2015	European Journal of Anatomy	19	1	None	Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Ugbowo, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria	Ezeuko, V.C., Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Ugbowo, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Om'Iniabohs, F.A.E., Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Ugbowo, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria	The two orbits in the human face serve as sockets for the eyeball and other visual apparatus. It is pyramidal in shape with the apex directed posteriorly and the base which forms the orbital margin located anteriorly. The purpose of this study was to radiologically evaluate the orbital index of the Igbo ethnic group of Nigeria. Three hundred and fifty frontal plain radiological films of the skull were obtained from the National Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria. The films comprised of 217 males and 133 females aged between zero and seventy nine years (0-79 years). The maximal orbital height was measured from the frontal film as the maximum vertical distance between the superior and inferior orbital rims while the maximal orbital width was determined as the maximum horizontal distance between the medial and lateral orbital rims. The orbital indices were estimated from the data gathered using the formula: Orbital index=[maximal orbital height/maximal orbital width]*100. The analyses were done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. The results are reported as mean ± standard deviation. The orbital indices of both sides as well as both sexes were compared using the Student t-test. The differences were considered statistically significant when probability was less than 0.05 (P<0.05). The results showed that the mean orbital index was 73.09±13.47. This study also revealed that the orbital index was significantly higher (P<0.05) in males than in females. There were no statistically significant differences (P>0.05) between the right and left orbital indices in both sexes. It is recommended that further populationbased studies be carried out in different geographical locations.	Igbo ethnic group; Orbital height; Orbital index; Orbital width; Radiology	adolescent; adult; aged; Article; child; ethnic group; female; human; Igbo (people); infant; inferior orbital rim; major clinical study; male; maximal orbital width; maximum horizontal distance; maximum vertical distance; middle aged; musculoskeletal system parameters; newborn; Nigeria; orbit; orbital height; orbital index; preschool child; school child; sex difference; skull radiography; superior orbital rim; very elderly	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78349251274	The impact of macroeconomic and demographic factors on savings mobilisation in Nigeria	Uremadu S.O.	2009	Savings and Development	None	SUPPL.	None	Department of Banking and Finance, College of Agribusiness and Financial Management, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Uremadu, S.O., Department of Banking and Finance, College of Agribusiness and Financial Management, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	The role of savings in the economic growth of Nigeria cannot be over-emphasised. However, rapid population growth has posed a serious problem to savings mobilisation. A high dependency ratio of the population will require substantial increase in future spending on health, education and care for dependants. This envisaged decline in the working-age population could lead to lower savings and investment rates and slower GDP growth. Against this background, this paper examines the impact of dependency ratio on savings mobilisation in Nigeria using a number of macroeconomic indicators that influence savings. Nigerian data on relevant variables covering the period under investigation were utilised for the study. A multiple regression approach that incorporated an error-correction model was used for our data analysis and tests. The results suggested that savings ratio is determined by spread between lending and savings deposit rates (SLS), domestic inflation rate, real interest rate and foreign private investment (FPI). The major findings of this study are summarized as follows: (1) demographic factors seem to have played a positive and insignificant role in explaining the savings ratio in over two decades studied, (2) interest rates spread leads savings ratio, (3) domestic inflation rate has a negative and significant impact on savings ratio, and (4) foreign capital inflows, as measured by FPI positively and significantly affect savings ratio in Nigeria. The findings of this research will guide policy makers on economic growth and poverty reduction in countries of sub-Saharan Africa.	Dependency ratio; Domestic inflation rate; Foreign private investment; Macroeconomic indicators; Multiple regression; Real interest rate; Savings mobilisation; Spread	capital flow; demographic trend; economic growth; Gross Domestic Product; inflation; interest rate; investment; macroeconomics; multiple regression; population growth; poverty alleviation; savings; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870183935	Evaluation of the protective and ameliorative properties of Garcinia kola on histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs	Ibulubo M.T., Eze G.I., Ozolua R.I., Baxter-Grillo D., Uwaya D.O.	2012	Pharmacognosy Research	4	4	10.4103/0974-8490.102262	Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City-300001, Nigeria	Ibulubo, M.T., Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Eze, G.I., Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Ozolua, R.I., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City-300001, Nigeria; Baxter-Grillo, D., Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Uwaya, D.O., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City-300001, Nigeria	Background: Garcinia kola is popularly used in African traditional medicine for the relief of acute bronchoconstrictive episodes. Objective: In this study, we examined the anti-asthmatic and morphological effects of the ethanol extract of G. kola in animal model. Materials and Methods: Guinea pigs were sensitized with ovalbumin and then given doses of 200 or 400 mg/kg/day for 21 consecutive days. Theophylline (10 mg/kg/day) was used as a standard. At the end of the exposure, the animals were exposed to 0.2% histamine aerosol in a chamber. Lymphocyte count, bronchial histology and morphometry were done. Results: Compared with non-sensitized controls, 200 mg/kg/day dose of the extract significantly (P < 0.05) increased the time taken for onset of preconvulsive dyspnea while the dose of 400 mg/kg/day significantly (P < 0.01) reduced bronchial wall thickness. Lymphocytes counts were not significantly affected but the bronchi of extract-treated animals were histologically clearer of lesions visible in the sensitized. Conclusion: These protective and ameliorative properties lend credence to the use of G. kola in ethnomedicine.	Asthma; bronchial histology; bronchial morphometry; Garcinia kola	alcohol; Garcinia kola extract; histamine; theophylline; aerosol; animal experiment; animal model; article; bronchospasm; controlled study; drug activity; drug dose comparison; drug screening; dyspnea; guinea pig; histopathology; lymphocyte count; morphology; morphometrics; nonhuman; randomized controlled trial; statistical significance; traditional medicine; treatment outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-47149086230	Proximal great saphenous vein cut down: An evaluation of techniques and anatomical considerations	Briers N., Morris I., Boon J.M., Meiring J.H., Franz R.C.	2008	Clinical Anatomy	21	5	10.1002/ca.20643	Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Briers, N., Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Morris, I., Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Boon, J.M., Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Meiring, J.H., Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Franz, R.C., Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Cut-down techniques by which emergency venous access can be achieved are important, particularly, in the resuscitation of haemodynamically depleted patients where percutaneous access to collapsed veins is a problem. The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of different methods that are used to locate the proximal great saphenous vein in the thigh and to describe the vein's immediate course. A further component was to identify the position of the valves in the proximal great saphenous vein. Needles were placed in 42 cadaver thighs as defined by the techniques identified from the literature and surgical practice. After a detailed dissection, the vein's relation to these needles was measured and the course of the vein and number of valves noted in relation to easily identifiable landmarks. Landmarks in 2.5-cm intervals on a line from the pubic tubercle to the adductor tubercle of the femur were used. The rule of two's, an experimental method by one of the authors, along with Dronen's second method localized the vein most successfully. The course of the vein was scrutinized and found to have a rather direct course as it proceeded medially toward the saphenous hiatus. The largest population of valves could be found in the proximal 5 cm (76%) with a valve in the confluence of the great saphenous vein and the femoral vein being the most common. Valve populations were found to decrease in number from proximal to distal, which would have implications with the placement of catheters into the vein for fluid resuscitation. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.	Clinical anatomy; Cut-down techniques; Emergency venous access; Great saphenous vein; Valves	adult; aged; article; cadaver; cut down technique; dissection; dronen 2 method; dronen method; experimental method; femur; fluid resuscitation; hemodynamic monitoring; human; human tissue; intermethod comparison; new simon method; priority journal; saphenous vein; surgical anatomy; surgical technique; traditional method; vascular access; vein surgery; Adult; Aged; Dissection; Humans; Middle Aged; Needles; Saphenous Vein	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750466165	Chiari I anatomy after ventriculoperitoneal shunting: Posterior fossa volumetric evaluation with MRI	Osuagwu F.C., Lazareff J.A., Rahman S., Bash S.	2006	Child's Nervous System	22	11	10.1007/s00381-006-0118-3	Department of Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Division of Neurosurgery, UCLA School of Medicine, Box 957039, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7039, United States; Department of Radiology, UCLA School of Medicine, Box 957039, Los Angeles, CA 90095-703	Osuagwu, F.C., Department of Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Division of Neurosurgery, UCLA School of Medicine, Box 957039, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7039, United States; Lazareff, J.A., Division of Neurosurgery, UCLA School of Medicine, Box 957039, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7039, United States; Rahman, S., Division of Neurosurgery, UCLA School of Medicine, Box 957039, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7039, United States; Bash, S., Department of Radiology, UCLA School of Medicine, Box 957039, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7039, United States	Introduction: Cephalocranial disproportion was said to be responsible for Chiari I malformation after ventriculoperitoneal shunt. We aimed to evaluate if the volumetric characteristics of Chiari I after a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was due to a general volumetric reduction and if it is restricted to the posterior fossa. Results: Our results show that the posterior fossa volume, cisternal, clival length, and posterior cranial fossa volume ratio were reduced in the shunted group compared to the controls (p<0.05). Cerebellar and supratentorial volumes were similar between both groups. Craniocaudal extent, inferior, and superior tonsillar herniations were greater in the shunted group than control (p<0.05). The frontal occipital horn ratio in both groups was within normal range. Discussion: Chiari I anatomy after a ventriculoperitoneal shunt could develop in children and we propose a "posterior cranial fossa disproportion" rather than a "cephalocranial disproportion." © Springer-Verlag 2006.	Acquired Chiari; Hydrocephalus; Intraventricular hemorrhage; Posterior cranial fossa reduction; V-Pshunt	adolescent; Arnold Chiari malformation; article; brain decompression; brain ventricle peritoneum shunt; child; clinical article; clivus; cohort analysis; computer assisted tomography; controlled study; female; human; hydrocephalus; male; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; posterior fossa; priority journal; statistical significance; volumetry; Arnold-Chiari Malformation; Child, Preschool; Cranial Fossa, Posterior; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878769150	Radiologic evaluation of clavicular morphology in southern Nigerians [Evaluación radiólogica de la morfología clavicular en Nigerianos del Sur]	Udoaka A.I., Nwokediuko A.U.	2013	International Journal of Morphology	31	1	10.4067/S0717-95022013000100014	Department of Anatomy, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Udoaka, A.I., Department of Anatomy, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Nwokediuko, A.U., Department of Anatomy, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	This study was carried out to derive empirical values and indices for which clavicles on a radiograph can be correctly sexed. 1000 radiographic left clavicles of adults of both sexes (500 males and 500 females) ranging from ages 25 - 60 yrs collated from the Radiology departments of University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital and The General Hospital Calabar, all in Southern Nigeria, were used in this study. The values obtained in this study showed that, the males had Sternal head length of 2.52±0.33 cm, Acromial head length of 1.66±0.25 cm, a mid shaft diameter of 2.01 cm and body length of 15.28±0.66 cm. The female Sternal head length was 2.18±0.37 cm, Acromial head length was 1.65±0.22 cm, mid shaft diameter was 1.48 cm and the mean body length was 14.56±0.51 cm. The sternal head of the males was significantly longer than the females (P<0.001) but the body and acromial head lengths were not. The length / mid shaft diameter ratio and the product of the length and mid shaft diameter were also derived. The use of the demarking point analysis to identify sex showed very low percentages in all the parameters studied.	Clavicle; Demarking point; Radiographs	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33644587400	Evaluation of Allen's test in both arms and arteries of left and right-handed people	Oettlé A.C., van Niekerk A., Boon J.M., Meiring J.H.	2006	Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy	28	1	10.1007/s00276-005-0039-y	Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, P.O. Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Oettlé, A.C., Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, P.O. Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; van Niekerk, A., Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, P.O. Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Boon, J.M., Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, P.O. Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Meiring, J.H., Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, P.O. Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	The Allen's test as described in 1929 by Edgar V. Allen has been modified, adapted and complemented by other newer modalities but remains a first line standard test to evaluate the arterial supply of the hand. In this study an attempt has been made to add more information regarding the arterial supply of the hand, in left- and right-handed individuals, left and right hands and the ulnar and radial arteries, when doing the Allen's test. A modified Allen's test using an oxygen saturation monitor was used. The sample group consisted of 80 (30 left-handed and 50 right-handed) students. No significant differences between the Allen's test of the left and right hands in the left and right-handed individuals were found. There was a marginal but not significant difference between the two arteries. The ulnar artery took slightly longer to reach baseline values as compared to the radial artery. The results suggest that a positive Allen's test can be found in both left and right-handed people, with regard to the left and right hands and both radial and ulnar arteries may be implicated. This information should be kept in mind when selecting either the radial or ulnar artery for grafting purposes (e.g. coronary angiosurgery) and forearm artery cannulation. © Springer-Verlag 2006.	Collateral circulation; Oximetry; Patient selection; Radial artery; Ulnar artery	adult; arm; arterial circulation; artery catheterization; artery graft; article; controlled study; female; function test; human; human experiment; left handedness; male; monitor; normal human; oximetry; oxygen saturation; priority journal; radial artery; right handedness; ulnar artery; Adult; Arm; Arteries; Female; Functional Laterality; Humans; Male; Oximetry; Radial Artery; Ulnar Artery	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69549121611	The evaluation of age-related histomorphometric variables in a cadaver sample of lower socioeconomic status: implications for estimating age at death	Keough N., L'Abbé E.N., Steyn M.	2009	Forensic Science International	191	42372	10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.07.012	Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	Keough, N., Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; L'Abbé, E.N., Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Steyn, M., Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	Estimating age at death from adult skeletal remains is a daunting task for human osteologists. For this reason, the evaluation of micro-structural changes in bone with advancing age has become a popular method. However, factors such as nutrition, chronic disease, population group and sex have been suggested to influence the rate of bone turnover, and thus the use of histological methods in providing an accurate age at death has been questioned. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and repeatability of 10 histomorphometric traits used to estimate age. The sample comprised of 146 dissection room cadavers of known sex, age and ancestry (105 males and 41 females). A 0.2 cm × 1.0 cm sample was removed from the anterior surface of the mid-shaft of the femur (opposite the linea aspera), and slides were prepared according to standard methodology. The total osteon count (r = 0.50), the percentage unremodelled bone (r = -0.50), the total number of non-Haversian canals (r = -0.50) and the average percentage of fragmental bone (r = 0.55) had moderate correlations with age, while the total number of measurable osteons (r = 0.43), the total number of osteonal fragments (r = 0.40), the percentage of fragmentary bone (r = 0.37) the average number of lamellae per osteon (r = 0.29), the minimum diameter of the Haversian canals (r = 0.14) and resorption spaces (r = 0.11) had little to no relationship with age. Despite poor correlations with age, eight variables were shown to be highly repeatable (r = 0.74-0.93). Moderate to low correlations with age may be attributed to these variables not being related to age in a progressive and predictable fashion, activity patterns or possible chronic disease in the sample. A databank needs to be compiled from larger samples from various populations in order to more holistically assess the relationship between these variables and age as well as other mitigating factors such as disease, nutrition and population group. © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Anterior mid-shaft of the femur; Bone histology; Bone remodelling; Forensic anthropology; Haversian systems; Osteons	adult; age determination; aged; article; bone remodeling; bone structure; cadaver; female; femur shaft; histology; human; human tissue; male; osteometry; priority journal; socioeconomics; time of death; Adult; African Continental Ancestry Group; Age Determination by Skeleton; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bone Remodeling; Cadaver; Female; Femur; Forensic Anthropology; Haversian System; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Middle Aged; Social Class; South Africa; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865656756	Nasal aperture shape evaluation between black and white South Africans	McDowell J.L., L'Abbé E.N., Kenyhercz M.W.	2012	Forensic Science International	222	42372	10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.06.007	Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x 323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa; Department of Anthropology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775, United States	McDowell, J.L., Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x 323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa; L'Abbé, E.N., Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x 323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa; Kenyhercz, M.W., Department of Anthropology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775, United States	The purpose of this study was to combine morphoscopic and metric analyses to assess variation in nasal aperture size and shape of black and white South Africans. Thirteen landmarks were digitized from the bony nasal region of 152 crania using an electromechanic instrument for geometric morphometric (general procrustes analysis) and craniometric analyses. Elliptical Fourier analysis was used to assess shape of the nasal aperture via outlines applied through photographs. Both principal component and discriminant function analyses were applied to these statistical methods. Black South Africans were classified 95-96% correctly and white South Africans were classified 91-94% correctly. In a four-way analysis of sex and ancestry, classification accuracy ranged from 56 to 70%. Most misclassifications were between the sexes within each group which suggests an absence of sexual dimorphism. This study found that there is quantifiable variation in shape of the nasal aperture between black and white South African groups using all three statistical methods. In forensic application, standard craniometrics can be used to accurately classify an unknown person. © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Ancestry; Craniometrics; Elliptical Fourier analysis; Forensic anthropology; Forensic Anthropology Population Data; Geometric morphometrics; Population specific	anatomic landmark; article; controlled study; craniometry; ethnicity; female; forensic science; human; human experiment; male; morphology; nasal aperture; nose; physical anthropology; plesiomorphy; principal component analysis; priority journal; race difference; sex difference; South Africa; African Continental Ancestry Group; Cephalometry; European Continental Ancestry Group; Female; Forensic Anthropology; Fourier Analysis; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Male; Nasal Cavity; Principal Component Analysis; Sex Characteristics; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927549192	Robertson’s century: The reception and impact of an epoch-making grammar of the Greek New Testament	Swart G.	2014	HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies	70	1	10.4102/hts.v70i1.2747	Department of Ancient Languages, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Swart, G., Department of Ancient Languages, University of Pretoria, South Africa	The author endeavours, firstly, to present a vivid account of the reception that A.T. Robertson’s A grammar of the Greek New Testament in the light of historical research found in scholarly circles when first published (in 1914) and during the ensuing years; secondly, to probe the question whether, during the course of the past century, the renown of both the man and the book has outlasted the scientific value and the actual utilisation of ‘Robertson’ in New Testament commentaries and scholarly publications; and thirdly, to address a few grammatical points stated by Robertson that seem to have gone unchallenged despite major shifts affecting the study of language generally, and New Testament Greek specifically, since the publication of his Grammar. © 2014. The Authors.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874689758	Evaluation of knowledge of cancer pain management among medical practitioners in a low-resource setting	Ogboli-Nwasor E., Makama J.G., Yusufu L.M.D.	2013	Journal of Pain Research	6	None	10.2147/JPR.S38588	Department of Anesthesia, Ahmadu Bello University, Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Surgery, Ahmadu Bello University, Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria	Ogboli-Nwasor, E., Department of Anesthesia, Ahmadu Bello University, Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria; Makama, J.G., Department of Surgery, Ahmadu Bello University, Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria; Yusufu, L.M.D., Department of Surgery, Ahmadu Bello University, Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria	Background: Several factors considered to be barriers to cancer pain management have been reported in the past. The knowledge of cancer pain management may be a hindrance to the proper assessment and treatment of pain in cancer patients. Objective: This report presents an evaluation of the knowledge and practice of cancer pain management among medical practitioners in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria. Methods: This report involves medical practitioners at the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital who are directly involved in the management of cancer patients. Information was obtained using a structured questionnaire, and the data were analyzed using SPSS (version 11.5). Results: The response rate to the questionnaire was 82%, with an age range of 23 to 50 years (mean age, 34.9), and the majority of actual respondents, 55 (67%), were male. Thirty-six (44%) strongly agreed that cancer patients require pain relief. Yet only 40% of the respondents routinely conducted pain assessments among cancer patients, while 51% only treated when patients complained of pain. Concerning the type of analgesic commonly used for cancer patients, 43% used weak opioids, 32% used NSAIDs, and only 20% used strong opioids. Seventy-five respondents (91.5%) had no formal training on pain management. Conclusion: The knowledge of pain management for cancer patients among medical personnel at the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital appears to be elementary. We recommend that formal training in the form of lectures, seminars, and workshops on cancer pain management should be part of continuing medical education in low-resource settings like the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital. © 2013 Artner et al, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd.	Cancer pain; Evaluation; Knowledge; Management; Medical practitioners	nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent; opiate; adult; analgesia; article; cancer pain; cancer patient; female; health care delivery; human; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; pain assessment; physician; structured questionnaire; teaching hospital; university hospital	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77950485827	The impact of early standard therapy on dyspnoea in patients with acute heart failure: The URGENT-dyspnoea study	Mebazaa A., Pang P.S., Tavares M., Collins S.P., Storrow A.B., Laribi S., Andre S., Mark Courtney D., Hasa J., Spinar J., Masip J., Frank Peacock W., Sliwa K., Gayat E., Filippatos G., Cleland J.G.F., Gheorghiade M.	2010	European Heart Journal	31	7	10.1093/eurheartj/ehp458	Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Paris Diderot, Hopital Lariboisiere, Paris, France; Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 259 E Erie St, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Geral de Santo Antó Nio, Porto, Portugal; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Emergency Medicine, INSERM U942, Lariboisiere Hospital, Paris, France; Chef de Clinique des Universités-Assistant des Hô Pitaux, Université Paris Decartes, Hô Pital Cochin, Paris, France; Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; University Hospital Brno, Internal Cardiology Department, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital Dos de Maig, University of Barcelona, Spain; Department of Emergency Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States; Soweto Cardiovascular Research Unit, CH Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Cardiology, Heart Failure Unit, Athens University Hospital, Attikon, Greece; Department of Cardiology, University of Hull, Kingstonupon-Hull, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States	Mebazaa, A., Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Paris Diderot, Hopital Lariboisiere, Paris, France; Pang, P.S., Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 259 E Erie St, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States; Tavares, M., Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Paris Diderot, Hopital Lariboisiere, Paris, France, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Geral de Santo Antó Nio, Porto, Portugal; Collins, S.P., Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Storrow, A.B., Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Laribi, S., Department of Emergency Medicine, INSERM U942, Lariboisiere Hospital, Paris, France; Andre, S., Chef de Clinique des Universités-Assistant des Hô Pitaux, Université Paris Decartes, Hô Pital Cochin, Paris, France; Mark Courtney, D., Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 259 E Erie St, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States; Hasa, J., Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Spinar, J., University Hospital Brno, Internal Cardiology Department, Brno, Czech Republic; Masip, J., Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital Dos de Maig, University of Barcelona, Spain; Frank Peacock, W., Department of Emergency Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States; Sliwa, K., Soweto Cardiovascular Research Unit, CH Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Gayat, E., Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Paris Diderot, Hopital Lariboisiere, Paris, France; Filippatos, G., Department of Cardiology, Heart Failure Unit, Athens University Hospital, Attikon, Greece; Cleland, J.G.F., Department of Cardiology, University of Hull, Kingstonupon-Hull, United Kingdom; Gheorghiade, M., Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States	AimsThe vast majority of acute heart failure (AHF) trials to date have targeted dyspnoea. However, they enrolled patients relatively late and did not standardize their methods of dyspnoea measurement. URGENT Dyspnoea was designed to determine changes in dyspnoea in response to initial, standard therapy in patients presenting with AHF using a standardized approach.Methods and resultsURGENT Dyspnoea was an international, multi-centre, observational cohort study of AHF patients managed conventionally and enrolled within 1 h of first hospital medical evaluation. Patient-assessed dyspnoea was recorded in the sitting position at baseline and at 6 hours by Likert and visual analog scales. Less symptomatic patients were placed supine to determine whether this provoked worsening dyspnoea (orthopnoea). Of the 524 patients with AHF, the mean age was 68 years, 43 were women, and 83 received intravenous diuretics. On a 5-point Likert scale, dyspnoea improvement was reported by 76 of patients after 6 h of standard therapy. Supine positioning (orthopnoea test) led to worse dyspnoea in 47 of patients compared to sitting upright.ConclusionWhen sitting upright, dyspnoea in the sitting position improves rapidly and substantially in patients with AHF after administration of conventional therapy, mainly intra-venous diuretics. However, many patients remain orthopnoeic. Improving the methodology of clinical trials in AHF by standardizing the conditions under which dyspnoea is assessed could enhance their ability to identify effective treatments. Relief of orthopnoea is clinically valuable and may represent a useful goal for clinical trials.	Acute heart failure; Dyspnoea; Orthopnoea	acetylsalicylic acid; adrenalin; aldosterone antagonist; angiotensin receptor antagonist; beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent; calcium channel blocking agent; clopidogrel; digoxin; dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitor; diuretic agent; dobutamine; dopamine; enoximone; glyceryl trinitrate; hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor; inotropic agent; levosimendan; loop diuretic agent; milrinone; nesiritide; nitrate; nitroprusside sodium; noradrenalin; vasodilator agent; warfarin; diuretic agent; acute disease; adult; aged; article; body position; cardiovascular disease; cohort analysis; disease exacerbation; diuretic therapy; dyspnea; female; heart failure; human; hypercholesterolemia; hypertension; major clinical study; male; observational study; oxygen therapy; patient compliance; priority journal; prospective study; provocation test; supine position; treatment response; visual analog scale; body posture; clinical trial; dyspnea; emergency health service; heart failure; hospitalization; middle aged; multicenter study; patient positioning; very elderly; Acute Disease; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diuretics; Dyspnea; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Heart Failure; Hospitalization; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Positioning; Posture; Prospective Studies	None
None	None	Effects of concentrate levels on fattening performance, carcass and meat quality attributes of Small East African × Norwegian crossbred goats fed low quality grass hay	Mushi D.E., Safari J., Mtenga L.A., Kifaro G.C., Eik L.O.	2009	Livestock Science	124	42372	10.1016/j.livsci.2009.01.012	Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5025, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Department of Life Sciences, Mkwawa University College of Education, Private Bag, Iringa, Tanzania; Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Institute of Rural Development and Planning, P O Box 138, Dodoma, Tanzania	Mushi, D.E., Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5025, N-1432 Ås, Norway, Department of Life Sciences, Mkwawa University College of Education, Private Bag, Iringa, Tanzania; Safari, J., Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5025, N-1432 Ås, Norway, Institute of Rural Development and Planning, P O Box 138, Dodoma, Tanzania; Mtenga, L.A., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Kifaro, G.C., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Eik, L.O., Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5025, N-1432 Ås, Norway	To assess the effects of finishing Small East African × Norwegian crossbred goats with concentrate diets on the fattening performance, carcass and meat quality, 32 castrated crossbred goats (9.5 months old, 17.1 kg BWT) were equally allocated into four levels of concentrate supplementation. The concentrate levels were: Zero access to concentrate (T0), 33% access to ad libitum concentrate allowance (T33), 66% access to ad libitum concentrate allowance (T66) and 100% access to ad libitum concentrate allowance (T100). Each animal had access to ad libitum grass hay. Ad libitum concentrate intake for the goats was 663 g/d, which supported ME intake of 8.7 MJ/head/d. The attained maximum daily gain was 96 g/d. T100 and T66 goats were comparable in slaughter weight but the former had 2 kg heavier (P < 0.05) carcasses than the latter. T100 and T66 goats were similar in carcass fatness scores, though both were fattier (P < 0.05) than other diet groups. Dressing percentage (DP) was expressed in three different ways. In all but commercial DP, T100 were comparable to T66 goats, but all were higher than the other diet groups. For T0 goats, pH-values remained above 6 even after 24 h post-mortem. Cooking losses increased (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of concentrate supplementation. Moreover, among the muscles assessed, M. rectus abdominis had the least cooking loss. Warner-Bratzler shear force values of cooked muscles were highest (P < 0.05) in M. gluteobiceps, followed by M. vastus lateralis, while M. psoas major and longismus dorsi aged for 6 days had the least values. Finishing Small East African × Norwegian crossbred goats at 66% access to their ad libitum concentrate intake gives optimum carcass and meat quality, and that any increase above this level seems not to improve meat production. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Carcass yield; Chevon quality; Feedlot-finishing; Goats	Animalia; Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940875454	Impact of response criteria (tibia ash weight vs. percent) on phytase relative non phytate phosphorus equivalance	Li W., Angel R., Kim S.-W., Jiménez-Moreno E., Proszkowiec-Weglarz M., Plumstead P.W.	2015	Poultry Science	94	9	10.3382/ps/pev156	Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States; Danisco Animal Nutrition, DuPont Industrial Biosciences, Marlborough, United Kingdom; Danisco Animal Science, DuPont Industrial Biosciences, Marlborough, United Kingdom; Cargill Animal Nutrition, Mequinenza, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Li, W., Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States, Danisco Animal Science, DuPont Industrial Biosciences, Marlborough, United Kingdom; Angel, R., Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States; Kim, S.-W., Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States; Jiménez-Moreno, E., Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States, Cargill Animal Nutrition, Mequinenza, Zaragoza, Spain; Proszkowiec-Weglarz, M., Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States; Plumstead, P.W., Danisco Animal Nutrition, DuPont Industrial Biosciences, Marlborough, United Kingdom, Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	The current study was conducted to evaluate the impacts of using tibia ash percentage or ash weight as the response criteria on estimated phytase relative equivalence. Straight run broilers were fed treatment (Trt) diets from 7 to 21 d age (6 birds/pen, 8 pens/Trt). The corn-soy based Trt were formulated to contain 0.80% Ca and 4 non-phytate phosphorus (nPP) concentrations (0.20, 0.27, 0.34, and 0.40%). Monocalcium phosphate was the inorganic phosphate source added to achieve 4 different dietary nPP concentrations and against which the nPP relative equivalence of phytase was determined. A 6-phytase (Danisco Animal Nutrition, DuPont Industrial Biosciences, Marlborough, UK) was added at 500 or 1,000 phytase unit (FTU)/kg to the 0.20% nPP diet resulting 6 total Trts. Tibia ash was determined at 21 d age. Phytase fed at 500 or 1,000 FTU/kg increased tibia ash weight and ash percentage compared to that of birds fed 0.20% nPP diet without phytase (P < 0.05). Graded nPP were log transformed and regressed against tibia ash (weight and percentage) to calculate phytase nPP relative equivalence. The R2 obtained from pen value regressions were 0.81 and 0.84, for tibia ash weight and percentage, respectively. Ash percentage from birds fed 500 and 1,000 FTU phytase/kg fell within the range obtained with the MCP additions. Ash weight (842 mg/tibia) from birds fed 1,000 FTU phytase/kg exceeded (P < 0.05) maximum weight (773 mg/tibia) measured in birds fed the greatest nPP Trt (0.40%), thus the nPP relative equivalence was only calculated in birds fed 500 FTU phytase/kg Trt. The nPP relative equivalence in birds fed 500 FTU phytase/kg were 0.117 and 0.168% based on ash percentage and weight, respectively (P < 0.05). The nPP relative equivalence in birds fed 1,000 FTU phytase/kg was 0.166% for ash percentage. Results suggested that ash weight better reflects the amount of bone mineralization as compared to ash percentage and using ash percentage may lead to an underestimation of phytase efficacy. © 2015 Poultry Science Association Inc.	ash percentage; ash weight; broiler chicken; nPP relative phytase equivalence; tibia ash	bone ash; mineral; phosphate intake; phytase; administration and dosage; analysis; animal; animal food; biological model; chemistry; chicken; diet; drug effects; phosphate intake; physiology; randomization; tibia; veterinary; 6-Phytase; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Chickens; Diet; Minerals; Models, Biological; Phosphorus, Dietary; Random Allocation; Tibia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960845763	Evaluation of sub-lethal effects of endosulfan on cortisol secretion, glutathione s-transferase and acetylcholinesterase activities in clarias gariepinus	Ezemonye L.I.N., Ikpesu T.O.	2011	Food and Chemical Toxicology	49	9	10.1016/j.fct.2010.10.025	Department of Animal and Environmental Biology (AEB), University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Ezemonye, L.I.N., Department of Animal and Environmental Biology (AEB), University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Ikpesu, T.O., Department of Animal and Environmental Biology (AEB), University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	The effects of endosulfan, a widely used organochlorine pesticide in the Niger-Delta ecological zone were examined on cortisol secretion, glutathione S-transferase and acetylcholinesterase enzymatic activities in the serum of a dominant fresh water fish species, Clarias gariepinus. Juveniles stage of C. gariepinus were used for the toxicity study. Lethal concentration of 50% mortality of sample (LC 50) was determined using semi-static method. From the result of the LC 50 determination lower concentrations of endosulfan were prepared for sub-lethal test. Ten fish per test concentration in three replicates were exposed to varying concentrations of endosulfan (0.00, 0.0025, 0.005, 0.0075 and 0.01) μg/L. Signs of stress and mortality were monitored during the experimental duration. Cortisol levels, GST and AChE activities were measured spectrophotometrically. No visible changes in behaviour and appearance were observed in the treated fishes and no mortality recorded. Significant (p&lt;0.05) declined in cortisol secretion was observed and the change in the concentration was dose and time dependent. Glutathione S-transferase activity was significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher than the control and the concentrations increase with increased in concentration and exposure duration. No clear trend was observed in acetylcholinesterase activity. The findings showed that the cortisol levels and GST activity of test organism were affected by the test chemical and therefore could be considered as a suitable marker to evaluate the effect of organochlorine pesticide on fish and other aquatic organisms. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.	Acetylcholinesterase; Clarias gariepinus; Cortisol; Endosulfan; Glutathione S-transferase; Niger-Delta	acetylcholinesterase; biological marker; endosulfan; glutathione transferase; hydrocortisone; animal experiment; article; biological monitoring; Clarias gariepinus; controlled study; ecotoxicity; enzyme activity; enzyme assay; fish; hydrocortisone blood level; hydrocortisone release; juvenile animal; LC 50; long term exposure; Nigeria; nonhuman; pesticide spraying; physical chemistry; physiological stress; spectrophotometry; toxicity testing; upregulation; Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Endosulfan; Fishes; Glutathione Transferase; Hydrocortisone; Pesticides; Clarias gariepinus; Pisces	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41149112321	Impact of dredging on water quality and rotifers of the Ikpoba River, Benin City, Nigeria	Ogbeibu A.E., Anozia C.A.	2007	International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences	33	4	None	Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria	Ogbeibu, A.E., Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria; Anozia, C.A., Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria	The effect of dredging on the water quality and rotifers of the Ikpoba River was investigated at four stations-including an upstream control station (station 1). Air and water temperature, and water level were not significantly different (P > 0.05) among the stations. However, transparency, turbidity, flow rate, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids and total solids differed significantly among the stations. The a posteriori Duncan Multiple Range test revealed that transparency was significantly higher (P < 0.001) at station 1 than at the other stations which were not significantly different (P > 0.05), while turbidity was significantly lower at station 1 than the other stations. The total solids (suspended and dissolved) were also significantly lower (P < 0.01) at station 1 than at the other stations which never differed significantly. Among the chemical parameters, only pH, conductivity and iron were significantly different (P < 0.05) among the stations; pH and iron were lower in station 1 than in the other stations while conductivity was significantly higher in station 1 than in the other stations. All the parameters in stations 2, 3 and 4 were not significantly different from one another. With the exception of transparency, flow rate and conductivity, all significant parameters were higher at the dredged stations than at the control station. A total of 12 taxa of rotifers representing 8 families were recorded at station 1, but not a single individual of rotifers was recorded in the dredged stations. Dredging caused many potentially adverse environmental impacts such as change in underwater topography, increase in turbidity and suspended solids concentration, depletion of oxygen content, removal of plants and rotifers. These factors ultimately affected the biological interactions between species at different tropic levels, which was reflected in the rotifer distribution and abundance. © National Institute of Ecology.	Dredging; River; Rotifers; Tropics; Water quality	concentration (composition); dredging; ecological impact; river water; suspended load; trophic conditions; turbidity; water quality; Africa; Edo; Ikpoba River; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Rotifera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868019478	Evaluation of trunk as the most fleshy region of some fish species from the Warri River, Delta State, Nigeria	Edema C.U., Simire J.E.	2012	Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science	8	1 SPL. ISS.	10.39231jfas.2013.66.72	Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Edema, C.U., Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Simire, J.E., Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Major sections (head, trunk and tail) of six fish species from the Warri River were measured in order to determine which was the largest and fleshiest. Besides Ethmalosa fimbriata (37.31%) the trunk length was over 40% of the standard length in the fish species. Based on the length and breadth the trunk was larger than the tail and head in all species and could be the bulkiest and most fleshy repon. The sequence of the trunk surface area was Ethmalosa fimbriatai Mugil cephalus<Liza grandisquamis<Pellonula leonensis<Erycinus nurse<E. macrolepidotus. © 2013 Academic Journals Inc.	Fishes; Flesh; Head; Surface area; Tail; Trunk; Warri river	anatomy; fish; forestry; physiology; size; Delta; Nigeria; Warri River; Ethmalosa; Ethmalosa fimbriata; Liza grandisquamis; Mugil cephalus; Pellonula leonensis; Pisces	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33645013961	Atmospheric nitrogen deposition in world biodiversity hotspots: The need for a greater global perspective in assessing N deposition impacts	Phoenix G.K., Hicks W.K., Cinderby S., Kuylenstierna J.C.I., Stock W.D., Dentener F.J., Giller K.E., Austin A.T., Lefroy R.D.B., Gimeno B.S., Ashmore M.R., Ineson P.	2006	Global Change Biology	12	3	10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01104.x	Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom; Stockholm Environment Institute, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom; Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; Department of Botany, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa; Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Climate Change Unit, TP280, I-21020 Ispra (Va), Italy; Plant Production Systems Group, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, Netherlands; IFEVA and Department of Ecology, Faculty of Agronomy and CONICET, University of Buenos Aires, Avenida San Martín 4453, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, PO Box 783, Vientiane, Laos; Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, CIEMAT, Ed 70. Avda Complutense 22, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Environment Department, Stockholm Environment Institute, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom; Department of Biology, Stockholm Environment Institute, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom	Phoenix, G.K., Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom; Hicks, W.K., Stockholm Environment Institute, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom; Cinderby, S., Stockholm Environment Institute, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom; Kuylenstierna, J.C.I., Stockholm Environment Institute, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom; Stock, W.D., Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia, Department of Botany, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa; Dentener, F.J., Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Climate Change Unit, TP280, I-21020 Ispra (Va), Italy; Giller, K.E., Plant Production Systems Group, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, Netherlands; Austin, A.T., IFEVA and Department of Ecology, Faculty of Agronomy and CONICET, University of Buenos Aires, Avenida San Martín 4453, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Lefroy, R.D.B., Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, PO Box 783, Vientiane, Laos; Gimeno, B.S., Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, CIEMAT, Ed 70. Avda Complutense 22, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Ashmore, M.R., Environment Department, Stockholm Environment Institute, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom; Ineson, P., Department of Biology, Stockholm Environment Institute, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom	Increased atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is known to reduce plant diversity in natural and semi-natural ecosystems, yet our understanding of these impacts comes almost entirely from studies in northern Europe and North America. Currently, we lack an understanding of the threat of N deposition to biodiversity at the global scale. In particular, rates of N deposition within the newly defined 34 world biodiversity hotspots, to which 50% of the world's floristic diversity is restricted, has not been quantified previously. Using output from global chemistry transport models, here we provide the first estimates of recent (mid-1990s) and future (2050) rates and distributions of N deposition within biodiversity hotspots. Our analysis shows that the average deposition rate across these areas was 50% greater than the global terrestrial average in the mid-1990s and could more than double by 2050, with 33 of 34 hotspots receiving greater N deposition in 2050 compared with 1990. By this time, 17 hotspots could have between 10% and 100% of their area receiving greater than 15 kg N ha-1 yr-1, a rate exceeding critical loads set for many sensitive European ecosystems. Average deposition in four hotspots is predicted to be greater than 20 kg Nha-1 yr-1. This elevated N deposition within areas of high plant diversity and endemism may exacerbate significantly the global threat of N deposition to world floristic diversity. Overall, we highlight the need for a greater global approach to assessing the impacts of N deposition. © 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Conservation; Endemics; Nitrogen deposition; Plant diversity; Pollution; Species loss	atmospheric deposition; biodiversity; global perspective; nitrogen; plant community; pollution effect	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846701035	Performance and harvest measures of Somali and Arsi-Bale goats managed under three feeding systems in Ethiopia	Legesse G., Abebe G., Goetsch A.L.	2006	Journal of Applied Animal Research	30	1	None	Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Awassa College of Agriculture, Debub University, P. O. Box 5, Awassa, Ethiopia; E (Kika) de la Garza American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, P. O. Box 730, Langston, OK 73050, United States	Legesse, G., Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Awassa College of Agriculture, Debub University, P. O. Box 5, Awassa, Ethiopia; Abebe, G., Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Awassa College of Agriculture, Debub University, P. O. Box 5, Awassa, Ethiopia; Goetsch, A.L., E (Kika) de la Garza American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, P. O. Box 730, Langston, OK 73050, United States	Forty-eight intact male goats, approximately 9 months of age, were used in an 84-day experiment to determine effects and interactions of genotype [27 Arsi-Bale and 21 Somali, with mean initial body weight (BW) of 14.1 and 15.9 kg, respectively (SE=0.39)] and feeding system (intensive, semi-intensive and extensive) on growth performance and harvest measures. Goats on the intensive (I) treatment were confined in individual pens and fed Rhodesgrass hay supplemented with 300 g/day (air-dry) of a concentrate mixture; semiintensive (S) goats grazed grass pasture for 7 h / day and were supplemented with 300 g / day of concentrate; and goats on the extensive (E) treatment grazed grass pasture for 8 h daily. There were no significant interactions between genotype and feeding system. Average daily gain (ADG) ranked (P<0.05) S > I > E (54, 32, and 5 g) and was greater (P<0.06) for Somali than for Arsi-Bale goats (34 vs 27 g). Hot carcass dressing percentage among feeding systems was lowest (P≤0.05) for E (42.6, 43.3 and 38.8% for I, S and E, respectively). Carcasses of Somali goats were lower (P<0.05) in separable lean tissue (55.3 vs 58.9%) and higher in fat (P<0.05; 14.0 vs 11.0%) compared with Arsi-Bale carcasses. Carcass separable lean concentration ranked (P<0.05) S (62.2%) > I (57.5%) > E (51.6%), fat among feeding systems was greatest (P<0.05) for I (15.3, 11.2 and 10.9% for I, S and E, respectively) and bone was greatest (P<0.05) for E (27.3, 26.6 and 37.5% for I, S and E, respectively). In conclusion, ADG of male Somali and Arsi-Bale goats was similarly affected by the different feeding systems, with Somali goats yielding greater final BW than Arsi-Bale as a function of both greater initial BW and ADG during the experiment. Feeding system can impact not only growth performance but also carcass characteristics that may influence consumer appeal. © GSP, India.	Body composition; Feeding system; Goats; Performance	Capra hircus; Chloris gayana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960806064	Performance and physiological responses of naked-neck chickens and their F 1 crosses with commercial layer breeds to long-term high ambient temperature	Melesse A.	2011	Global Veterinaria	6	3	None	Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia	Melesse, A., Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia	An experiment was conducted on forty-eight female chickens from each of the following genotypes: Naked-neck (Na, from Ethiopia), New Hampshire (NH), Lohmann White (LW) and F 1 crosses of NaxNH and NaxLW. Twenty four chickens from each genotype were randomly divided and assigned either to high (30-32 °C) or normal ambient temperature (18-20 °C). Body weights were measured during 20 and 68 weeks of age. Eggs were collected once daily while egg weight and feed intake were determined at 28-d intervals. Blood samples were taken from 12 randomly selected birds per genotype and ambient temperature at 38, 51 and 65 weeks age. Total protein levels were measured in plasma whereas differential leukocyte counts were determined from whole blood. Compared with controls, the egg production and feed consumption in commercial layers significantly reduced by 24.2 and 15%, respectively. Surprisingly, heat stress favourably increased body weight in NaxLW genotype by 1.7 and 2.8 % at 20 and 65 weeks, respectively and appeared to be the best F 1 cross combinations. 1 The effect of heat stress was significant for all differential leukocyte counts. Compared with controls, the respective increase in heterophil, basophil and monocyte counts was 19.2, 43.6 and 41% whereas the lymphocyte and eosinophil numbers reduced by 9 and 11.6%, respectively. The hetrophil:lymphocyte (H/L) ratio increased by 45, 18 and 19% at 38, 51 and 65 weeks age, respectively. At high temperature, the highest lymphocyte counts were noted in LW and the lowest in NaxNH whereas heterophil counts were highest in NH and NaxNH resulting in increased H/L ratio. The total plasma protein reduced in all heat stressed chickens although it was only significant at 38 weeks age. It was inferred that the total plasma protein mean values in heat stressed hens declined from 4.12 g/dl at 38 weeks to 2.22 g/dl at 65 weeks. In conclusion, the Na and its F crosses demonstrated better heat stress tolerant than commercial layer chickens as evidenced by measured 1 performance and physiological parameters. These results suggested that differential leukocyte counts, H/L ratio and total plasma protein could be used as a reliable indicator of long-term heat stress in layer chickens. © IDOSI Publications, 2011.	Commercial layer chickens; F 1 crosses; Heat stress; Leukocyte counts; Naked-neck chicken; total plasma protein	Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053583947	Effect of long-term heat stress on some performance traits and plasma enzyme activities in Naked-neck chickens and their F1 crosses with commercial layer breeds	Melesse A., Maak S., Schmidt R., von Lengerken G.	2011	Livestock Science	141	42403	10.1016/j.livsci.2011.06.007	Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Research Unit Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; Institute of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 11, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany	Melesse, A., Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Maak, S., Research Unit Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; Schmidt, R., Institute of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 11, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; von Lengerken, G., Institute of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 11, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany	The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term heat stress on performance traits and plasma enzyme activities in Naked-neck (Na) chickens and commercial breeds (New Hampshire, NH and Lohmann white, LW) with their F 1 crosses (NaxNH and NaxLW). A total of 240 female chickens were randomly assigned to a completely randomized design in a 5×2 factorial arrangement (five genetic groups and two ambient temperatures: high=30-32°C; normal=18-20°C). Body weights were measured at 20 and 68weeks of age. Eggs were collected once daily while egg weight and feed intake were determined at 28-d intervals. Blood samples were taken from 12 randomly selected birds per genotype and ambient temperature (12 out of 24 hens) at 22, 38, 51 and 65weeks age. Levels of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and creatine kinase (CK) were determined in blood plasma. Compared with controls, the commercial hens showed significant (p&lt;0.05) performance reductions under thermal stress with respect to egg production (33%), egg mass (24.2%), feed intake (15%) and shell thickness (24.3%). At high ambient temperature, the NaxLW cross outperformed all other genotypes with respect to heat tolerance in body weight, egg number, egg weight, feed intake and shell thickness; and thus, appeared to be suitable genetic combinations. Compared with controls, heat stress significantly (p&lt;0.05) increased CK, GPT and GOT activities in all genotypes. However, the response of heat stressed genotypes at different ages was inconsistent and variable. In conclusion, the present study showed that the Naked-neck chickens and their F 1 crosses were more thermo-tolerant compared with commercial layer hens. Although plasma enzyme activities uniformly increased due to heat stress, the response of genotypes with age was inconsistent. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Commercial chicken breeds; Enzyme activities; F1 crosses; Heat stress; Naked-neck chicken	Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646256911	Effect of vetch (Vicia sativa) hay supplementation on performance of Begait and Abergelle goats in northern Ethiopia. I. Milk yield and composition	Berhane G., Eik L.O.	2006	Small Ruminant Research	64	3	10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.04.021	Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas, Norway	Berhane, G., Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Eik, L.O., Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas, Norway	The objectives of this work were to study and compare the effect of vetch hay supplementation on milk yield of indigenous Begait and Abergelle goats, managed under semi-extensive conditions in the lowlands of northern Ethiopia, and to compare milk yield and composition of the two breeds. Eleven 7-8-month-old goats from each breed were randomly assigned to each of the four levels of vetch hay supplementation at 0% BW (Treatment 1), 0.5% BW (Treatment 2), 1.0% BW (Treatment 3) and 1.5% BW (Treatment 4). Goats were grazed during daytime and milked in the evening only. Kids were allowed to suck their dams during the night up to 90 days and then weaned. Milk yield and lactation length increased gradually and almost linearly by increasing level of supplementation, while fat percentage and total solids percentage declined. Differences (P < 0.05) in average daily milk yield were found between Treatments 1 and 4 for both goat breeds in both years. Milk yield was significantly higher, but fat and SNF contents were lower for Begait than for Abergelle goats. When calculated as energy corrected milk (ECM)/kg metabolic BW, no breed differences were found. There were no significant differences for calcium and phosphorus contents in milk between the breeds. It is concluded that vetch hay supplementation increased milk yield by up to 50%, but decreased percent fat and total solids in the milk of both Begait and Abergelle goats. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Abergelle; Begait; Goats; Milk; Vetch hay	Capra hircus; Vicia; Vicia sativa; Vicia sativa subsp. nigra	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892996732	Reproductive performance of semi-intensively kept Döhne Merino ewes fed with different protein supplements	Webb E.C., van Niekerk W.A., Lee K., Marais W.J.	2010	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	40	5SUPPL.1	None	Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Grootfontein Agricultural Development Institute, Private Bag X529, Middelburg, EC, 5900, South Africa	Webb, E.C., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; van Niekerk, W.A., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Lee, K., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa, Grootfontein Agricultural Development Institute, Private Bag X529, Middelburg, EC, 5900, South Africa; Marais, W.J., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	A trial was conducted to determine the possible effects of an easily digestible nitrogen source in the form of urea compared to an undegradable protein supplement, age and birth status on the reproductive performance (ovulation rate and rate of twinning) of ewes. The weight, age and birth status of Döhne Merino ewes were recorded. A total of 144 Döhne Merino ewes were randomly allocated in two dietary treatment groups (either urea-based or undegradable protein group) synchronised, mated and the ovulation rate (estimated from the number of corpora lutea on the ovaries), foetuses observed on day 55 of gestation, lambs born per ewe and mass of the ewe after lambing were recorded. Dietary protein supplement had no significant effect on ovulation rate, pregnancy status, the number of lambs born per ewe or ewe weight after lambing. The number of lambs born per ewe of the one-year-old (0.99 ± 0.316), two-year-old (1.23 ± 0.134) and seven year old (0.92 ± 0.305) ewes were lower than that of four (1.69 ± 0.222) and six-year-old ewes (1.897 ± 0.248). Ewe age did not influence the ovulation rate of ewes, but the highest number of foetuses counted on day 55 of gestation was observed in 3-year-old ewes (1.68 ± 0.196). The number of lambs born per ewe of single born ewes (1.23 ± 0.104) was lower than that of twin born ewes (1.62 ± 0.106). It was concluded that dietary protein supplementation had no significant effect on ovulation rate or the number of lambs born per ewe mated, while age and birth status influenced the reproductive rate of Döhne Merino ewes. © South African Society for Animal Science.	Lambing status; Ovulation rate; Reproductive rate; Undegradable protein; Urea	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650199287	Interactive effect of dietary protein level and zilpaterol hydrochloride on feedlot performance and meat quality of steers	O'Neill H.A., Casey N.H., Webb E.C.	2010	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	40	3	None	Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	O'Neill, H.A., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Casey, N.H., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Webb, E.C., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Bonsmara type steers were used to determine the effect of dietary zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) in combination with different dietary crude protein (CP) levels (100, 120 and 140 g CP/kg) on growth performance and meat quality. Treatment groups (T) consisted of 12 steers each. T1 - 100 g CP/kg + 0.15 mg ZH/kg live weight (LW); T2 - 120 g CP/kg + 0.15 mg ZH/kg LW; T3 - 140 g CP/kg + 0.15 mg ZH/kg LW and T4 - 120 g CP/kg + 0 mg/kg LW. Steers received the diets from an initial LW of 278 kg and fed to a target mass of 390 kg. After a seven day ZH withdrawal period the steers were slaughtered and carcasses electrically stimulated. Samples from m. longissimus thoracis, m. semitendinosus and m. triceps brachii were kept in airtight polyethylene bags and matured for ten days at 4 °C. Zilpaterol treatment increased the average daily gain (ADG) non-significantly (NS) by 9.6%. Zilpaterol treatment improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) by 20% (NS). T2 showed a significant 39.4% improvement in FCR in comparison with T4. Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) of m. semitendinosus and m. biceps brachii samples differed between ZH treated groups. Cooking loss (CL) for m. longissimus thoracis was lower for T2 in comparison with T1, T3 and T4. ZH treatment for 35 days, electrical stimulation and a maturation period of 10 days generally left the WBSF and CL unaffected while the FCR in combination with 120 g CP/kg improved significantly. © South African Society for Animal Science.	β-agonist; Cooking loss; Growth efficiency; Meat tenderness	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904309570	The effect of production system and management practices on the environmental impact, quality and safety of milk and dairy products	Erasmus L.J., Webb E.C.	2013	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	43	3	10.4314/sajas.v43i3.13	Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Institute of Food Nutrition and Well-being, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Erasmus, L.J., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa, Institute of Food Nutrition and Well-being, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Webb, E.C., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa, Institute of Food Nutrition and Well-being, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	There is an increasing trend to label milk and dairy products according to production system, absence of certain feed additives and non-use of specific technologies. These claims include the practice of organic farming, the absence of ionophore antibiotics and recombinant bovine somatotropin (r-bST) free milk. Absence-claim labels may imply to some consumers that certain milk is safer and more nutritious than other milk. Milk from r-bST supplemented cows is completely safe for human consumption, since bST is a protein, which is digested like other animal and plant proteins, it is species specific, and most bST in milk is denaturated by pasteurization. Fears of higher insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels in r-bST milk are unfounded, since these are insignificant compared with the daily secretion of IGF-1 in human saliva and gastro-intestinal secretions. r-bST does not affect milk composition. All milk (i.e. conventional, r-bST free and organic) is compositionally similar, and all milk is wholesome. Various studies have also confirmed that r-bST does not affect milk flavour or manufacturing characteristics that are important during the production of processed dairy foods such as cheese or yoghurt. There is no pathway for ionophore antibiotics from feed to milk and there is no scientific basis for concerns that these additives can give rise to transmissible resistance factors that may compromise the therapeutic use of antibiotics in humans. Organic farming is recognized as a possible way forward to improve sustainability in agriculture. However, it typically requires more resources and produces less food, which currently makes it less profitable and a questionable solution to meeting the world's growing food supply needs. Improving productive efficiency by using technologies is currently the most logical approach to mitigating the environmental impact of the dairy herd. The potential of r-bST and feed additives such as ionophore antibiotics to reduce greenhouse gas emissions should be recognized and implemented where applicable. © The authors.	Dairy production systems; Ionophores; Organic milk; R-bST	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38549113404	Growth performance and carcass characteristics of three Ethiopian goat breeds fed grainless diets varying in concentrate to roughage ratios	Sebsibe A., Casey N.H., Van Niekerk W.A., Tegegne A., Coertze R.J.	2007	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	37	4	None	Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box, 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Sebsibe, A., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Casey, N.H., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Van Niekerk, W.A., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Tegegne, A., International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box, 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Coertze, R.J., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Growth and carcass characteristics of three Ethiopian goat breeds, the Afar, Central Highland (CHG) and Long-eared Somali (LES) were evaluated using three grainless diets varying in concentrate:roughage ratios (diet 1 was 50:50, diet 2, 65:35 and diet 3, 80:20) under feedlot conditions. The roughage was native grass hay and the concentrate consisted of wheat bran and noug cake (Guizotia abyssinica). Seventy-two eight-month old intact male goats (24 per breed) were randomly allotted to the dietary treatments, fed for 126 days and slaughtered at an age of approximately 12 months. The LES had higher average daily gain (ADG), heavier slaughter, empty body (EBW) and carcass weights than Afar and CHG goats. Diet significantly affected ADG, but was similar on carcass traits except for dressing percentage (DP) on an EBW basis and some non-carcass components. The DP on an EBW basis was the highest on diet 1. Breed affected the DP, which ranged from 42.5 - 44.6% and 54.3 - 55.8% on slaughter weight and EBW basis, respectively. The LES had a greater buttock circumference and carcass compactness. The pH24 varied between 5.61 - 5.67 and chilling losses were between 2.5 and 3.1%. The physical carcass composition (8-10th rib-cut) ranged from 72 - 73, 6.9 - 10.9 and 17.1 - 20.2% for lean, fat and bone, respectively, and the fat content of the meat ranged from 10.3 - 14.0%. Breed affected the weights of internal fat depots. The findings indicate that breed affected the carcass characteristics of the three Ethiopian goat breeds. © South African Society for Animal Science.	Carcass composition; Carcass yield; Indigenous goats; Non-carcass components; Primal cuts	Capra hircus; Guizotia abyssinica; Triticum aestivum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955030442	Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall products: The effects on gut morphology and performance of broiler chickens	Brümmer M., van Rensburg C.J., Moran C.A.	2010	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	40	1	None	Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; North American Biosciences Centre, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY, United States	Brümmer, M., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; van Rensburg, C.J., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Moran, C.A., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa, North American Biosciences Centre, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY, United States	The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Bio-Mos® (Alltech Inc.), with or without the addition of a soluble mannan (MRF) (Alltech Inc.) on gastrointestinal health and performance of broiler chickens. A trial was conducted using seven different dietary treatments. It consisted of a negative control, 2 levels of Bio-Mos® (2 g/kg and 4 g/kg), 2 levels of MRF (0.1 g/kg and 0.2 g/kg) and 2 treatments combining the cell wall preparations (2 g/kg Bio-Mos® + 0.1 g/kg MRF and 4 g/kg Bio-Mos® + 0.2 g/kg MRF). Day-old male broiler chicks were randomly allocated to the seven treatments and the trial extended over a 15 day period, upon which two chicks from each replicate were sacrificed and ileum samples taken. Results showed that the cell wall preparations had a numerically positive, but statistically non significant effect on feed conversion ratios. Histology results revealed significantly greater goblet cell densities and sizes for chicks receiving cell wall preparations than those of the control treatment chicks, while villi width and height measurements indicated no differences between treatments. From the results of this study it appears as if yeast cell wall preparations can contribute to the gastrointestinal health and performance of broiler chickens by affecting mucus secreting goblet cells in a favourable manner. © South African Society for Animal Science.	Goblet cells; Growth rate; Villi width and height; Yeast	Gallus gallus; Saccharomyces cerevisiae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-56249123263	Effect of virginiamycin and monensin supplementation on performance of multiparous Holstein cows	Erasmus L.J., Muya C., Erasmus S., Coertze R.F., Catton D.G.	2008	Livestock Science	119	42372	10.1016/j.livsci.2008.03.005	Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Agricultural Research Council, Livestock Business Division, Irene, 0062, South Africa; D. G. Catton Consultants, Irene, 0062, South Africa	Erasmus, L.J., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Muya, C., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Erasmus, S., Agricultural Research Council, Livestock Business Division, Irene, 0062, South Africa; Coertze, R.F., Agricultural Research Council, Livestock Business Division, Irene, 0062, South Africa; Catton, D.G., D. G. Catton Consultants, Irene, 0062, South Africa	This study was conducted to determine the effects of monensin or virginiamycin, or both on the performance of and some energy balance parameters in Holstein cows. Forty multiparous Holstein cows were used in a randomized complete block design experiment. The basal diet was a total mixed ration based on lucerne hay (38% of DM) and ground maize (34% of DM). The experimental treatments were (1) control diet (C); (2) control diet plus 15 ppm of monensin (M); (3) control diet plus 20 ppm of virginiamycin (V), and control plus M (15 ppm) plus V (20 ppm). Cows received 8 kg/d (as fed) of the experimental diets plus ad libitum Eragrostis curvula hay from 3 weeks prepartum and only the experimental diets from calving until 60 days postpartum. Cows were milked twice daily. Dry matter intake did not differ between treatments, but energy corrected milk production was increased (P < 0.10) by supplementing V + M (43.3 kg/d) when compared to treatments M (36.9 kg/d) and V (37.9 kg/d). Change in body weight tended (P = 0.11) to be lower for cows supplemented with V + M (- 8.1 kg/60 d) when compared to cows receiving the control diet (- 34.2 kg/60 d). Both treatments M and V respectively, decreased blood BHBA and treatment M increased blood glucose when compared to the control diet (P < 0.10). Results suggest a complimentary effect between the two additives monensin and virginiamycin when supplemented to early lactation cows. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Energy balance parameters; Lactating dairy cow; Monensin; Virginiamycin	Bos; Eragrostis; Eragrostis curvula; Medicago sativa; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925453374	The impact of firm size and liquidity on the cost of external finance in africa	Hearn B., Piesse J.	2015	South African Journal of Economics	83	1	10.1111/saje.12062	Department of Business, Management and Economics, University of Sussex, Jubilee Building, Brighton, United Kingdom; Bournemouth University, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	Hearn, B., Department of Business, Management and Economics, University of Sussex, Jubilee Building, Brighton, United Kingdom; Piesse, J., Department of Business, Management and Economics, University of Sussex, Jubilee Building, Brighton, United Kingdom, Bournemouth University, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	Established illiquidity measures are constructed for emerging markets in Africa and used to determine which best explains trading costs. Costs of equity are derived from an augmented Capital Asset Pricing Model for a sample of emerging financial markets generally ignored in the literature. These include: South Africa and Namibia, three countries in North Africa and four in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), plus London and Paris as examples of integrated markets. Minimum variance portfolios are constructed and asset weights derived, with the sample divided into countries dependent on their legal regime. Portfolio weights are shown to be directly related to well-regulated markets with high standards of corporate governance and disclosure, and firms seeking cost-effective finance from SSA stock markets are at a distinct disadvantage compared with those in Northern Africa, South Africa and, in particular, London and Paris. © 2014 Economic Society of South Africa.	Africa; emerging financial markets; G11; G12; G15; Liquidity; O55; portfolio diversification	equity; financial market; financial system; firm size; governance approach; industrial investment; stock market; England; France; Ile de France; London [England]; Namibia; North Africa; Paris; South Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; United Kingdom; Ville de Paris	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-56049123222	Diet quality, intake and growth performance of South African Mutton Merino sheep on Triticum x Secale and Lolium multiflorum pastures at different grazing pressures	Van Niekerk W.A., Hassen A., Coertze R.J.	2008	Tropical Grasslands	42	1	None	Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Van Niekerk, W.A., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Hassen, A., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Coertze, R.J., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	This study was undertaken to determine the influence of 3 grazing pressures [20 (HGP), 33 (MGP) and 50(LGP) g DM/kg LW/d] using South African Mutton Merino wether lambs, on qualitative and quantitative intake of Triticum x Secale cv. Pan266 (triticale) and Lolium multiflorum cv. Midmar (ryegrass) pastures as well as animal performance. Oesophageal samples at the start and end of the grazing period were analysed to determine diet quality in terms of nitrogen (N), ash, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) and in vitro digestibility of organic matter (IVDOM) concentrations. Intake and average daily live-weight gain were determined for each group. In both pastures, the ADF concentration was higher, while IVDOM concentration was lower at the end compared with the start of the grazing period. For triticale, HGP resulted in lower dietary N, and higher ash and NDF concentrations than MGP or LGP. The DOMI and ADG of lambs at HGP were lower than those on LGP. For ryegrass, dietary N was lower at HGP than LGP, while the NDF concentration was higher (P<0.05) at HGP or MGP than at LGP. However, ADG at HGP was lower than at LGP or MGP for each species. Intake of both pastures declined during the study. The overall diet quality on ryegrass pasture seems better than on triticale, as reflected in higher (P<0.05) N and lower NDF concentrations. Performance of lambs on ryegrass pasture was higher than on triticale pasture, through.	None	Animalia; Lolium; Lolium multiflorum; Ovis aries; Triticosecale; Triticum aestivum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925256528	The impact of DNA parentage verification on breeding value estimation and sire ranking in South African Angora goats	Garritsen C., Van Marle-Köster E., Snyman M.A., Visser C.	2015	Small Ruminant Research	124	None	10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.01.008	Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Grootfontein Agricultural Development Institute, Private Bag X529, Middelburg, South Africa	Garritsen, C., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Van Marle-Köster, E., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Snyman, M.A., Grootfontein Agricultural Development Institute, Private Bag X529, Middelburg, South Africa; Visser, C., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Pedigree integrity plays a crucial role in the achievement of genetic progress in livestock selection programmes. DNA marker-based parentage testing has become a useful tool for amending inaccuracies in on-farm pedigree records. In the current study, the extent of inaccurate and incomplete pedigree records was quantified in 381 South African Angora goats using a 12 microsatellite markers. Eight half-sib families with a total of 317 Angora kids, 40 kids with unknown sires and an additional 16 putative sires were included in the study. 14.3% of the on-farm pedigrees were amended, including incorrect (according to the DNA verification) or incomplete records. Estimated breeding values (EBV) for fleece traits (fibre diameter and fleece weight) as well as body weights (birth weight and weaning weight) were calculated for 21 sires using ASREML, firstly for the breeder's recorded pedigree and secondly for the DNA-verified pedigree. An overall greater effect was observed in body weight traits than in fleece weight traits with regard to sire EBVs and the ranking thereof. The significant change realised in sire ranking after DNA marker-based pedigree verification emphasises the importance of pedigree integrity in maximising selection accuracy for the production of the highest quality mohair clip in the South African Angora goat industry. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Body weight; Fleece traits; Microsatellite markers; Pedigree integrity; Sire selection	Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84953358220	Long-term impacts of season of grazing on soil carbon sequestration and selected soil properties in the arid Eastern Cape, South Africa	Talore D.G., Tesfamariam E.H., Hassen A., Du Toit J.C.O., Klumpp K., Soussana J.F.	2015	Plant and Soil	397	42371	10.1007/s11104-015-2625-z	Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private bag 0083, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Private bag 0002, Pretoria, South Africa; Grootfontein Agricultural Development Institute, Middelburg, Eastern Cape, South Africa; INRA, Grassland Ecosystem Research (UR874), Chemin de Beaulieu, Clermont Ferrand Cedex 2, France; French National Institute for Agronomic Research, INRA, Paris, France	Talore, D.G., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private bag 0083, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa; Tesfamariam, E.H., Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Private bag 0002, Pretoria, South Africa; Hassen, A., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private bag 0083, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa; Du Toit, J.C.O., Grootfontein Agricultural Development Institute, Middelburg, Eastern Cape, South Africa; Klumpp, K., INRA, Grassland Ecosystem Research (UR874), Chemin de Beaulieu, Clermont Ferrand Cedex 2, France; Soussana, J.F., French National Institute for Agronomic Research, INRA, Paris, France	Background and aims: The Karoo biomes of South Africa are major feed resources for livestock farming, yet soil nutrient depletion and degradation is a major problem. The objective of this study was to assess impacts of long-term (&gt;75 years) grazing during spring (SPG), summer (SUG), winter (WG) and exclosure (non-grazed control) treatments on soil nutrients, penetration resistance and infiltration tests. Methods: A soil sampling campaign was carried out to collect soil to a depth of 60 cm to analyse bulk density, soil physical and chemical parameters as well as soil compaction and infiltration. Results: Generally, grazing treatments reduced soil organic C (SOC) stocks and C:N ratios, and modified soil properties. There was higher SOC stock (0.128 Mg ha−1 yr−1) in the exclosure than in the SPG (0.096 Mg ha−1 yr−1), SUG (0.099 Mg ha−1 yr−1) and WG (0.105 Mg ha−1 yr−1). The C:N ratios exhibited similar pattern to that of C. From the grazing treatments, the WG demonstrated 7 to 10 % additional SOC stock over the SPG and SUG, respectively. Conclusions: Short period animal exclusion could be an option to be considered to improve plant nutrients in sandy soils of South Africa. However, this may require a policy environment which supports stock exclusion from such areas vulnerable to land degradation, nutrient and C losses by grazing-induced vegetation and landscape changes. © 2015, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.	Arid ecosystem; Exclosure; Grazing season; Organic matter; Soil organic carbon; Total nitrogen	Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959837066	Polyandry is a common event in wild populations of the tsetse fly Glossina fuscipes fuscipes and may impact population reduction measures	Bonomi A., Bassetti F., Gabrieli P., Beadell J., Falchetto M., Scolari F., Gomulski L.M., Regazzini E., Ouma J.O., Caccone A., Okedi L.M., Attardo G.M., Guglielmino C.R., Aksoy S., Malacrida A.R.	2011	PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases	5	6	10.1371/journal.pntd.0001190	Department of Animal Biology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Mathematics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Trypanosomiasis Research Centre, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Kikuyu, Kenya; National Livestock Resources Research Institute, Tororo, Uganda; Division of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy	Bonomi, A., Department of Animal Biology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Bassetti, F., Department of Mathematics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Gabrieli, P., Department of Animal Biology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Beadell, J., Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Falchetto, M., Department of Animal Biology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Scolari, F., Department of Animal Biology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Gomulski, L.M., Department of Animal Biology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Regazzini, E., Department of Mathematics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Ouma, J.O., Trypanosomiasis Research Centre, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Kikuyu, Kenya; Caccone, A., Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Okedi, L.M., National Livestock Resources Research Institute, Tororo, Uganda; Attardo, G.M., Division of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States; Guglielmino, C.R., Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Aksoy, S., Division of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States; Malacrida, A.R., Department of Animal Biology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy	Background: Glossina fuscipes fuscipes is the main vector of human and animal trypanosomiasis in Africa, particularly in Uganda. Attempts to control/eradicate this species using biological methods require knowledge of its reproductive biology. An important aspect is the number of times a female mates in the wild as this influences the effective population size and may constitute a critical factor in determining the success of control methods. To date, polyandry in G.f. fuscipes has not been investigated in the laboratory or in the wild. Interest in assessing the presence of remating in Ugandan populations is driven by the fact that eradication of this species is at the planning stage in this country. Methodology/Principal Findings: Two well established populations, Kabukanga in the West and Buvuma Island in Lake Victoria, were sampled to assess the presence and frequency of female remating. Six informative microsatellite loci were used to estimate the number of matings per female by genotyping sperm preserved in the female spermathecae. The direct count of the minimum number of males that transferred sperm to the spermathecae was compared to Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian probability estimates. The three estimates provided evidence that remating is common in the populations but the frequency is substantially different: 57% in Kabukanga and 33% in Buvuma. Conclusions/Significance: The presence of remating, with females maintaining sperm from different mates, may constitute a critical factor in cases of re-infestation of cleared areas and/or of residual populations. Remating may enhance the reproductive potential of re-invading propagules in terms of their effective population size. We suggest that population age structure may influence remating frequency. Considering the seasonal demographic changes that this fly undergoes during the dry and wet seasons, control programmes based on SIT should release large numbers of sterile males, even in residual surviving target populations, in the dry season. © 2011 Bonomi et al.	None	animal behavior; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; chromosomal localization; controlled study; effective population size; female; genetic variability; genotype; Glossina; glossina fusca; insect control; male; mating system; microsatellite marker; nonhuman; parasite vector; polyandry; population structure; propagule; seasonal population dynamics; seasonal variation; species distribution; sperm preservation; spermatheca; Uganda; wild animal; animal; growth, development and aging; molecular typing; physiology; population dynamics; reproduction; season; sexual behavior; spermatozoon; tsetse fly; microsatellite DNA; Animals; Female; Genotype; Male; Microsatellite Repeats; Molecular Typing; Population Dynamics; Reproduction; Seasons; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Spermatozoa; Tsetse Flies; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897371726	Comparative evaluation of haemagglutination potential of haemolymph from two species of giant African land snails (Archachatina marginata and Achatina achatina)	Abiona J.A., Akinduti P.A., Oyekunle M.A., Osinowo O.A., Onagbesan A.O.M.	2014	Fish and Shellfish Immunology	38	1	10.1016/j.fsi.2014.02.014	Department of Animal Physiology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Abiona, J.A., Department of Animal Physiology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Akinduti, P.A., Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Oyekunle, M.A., Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Osinowo, O.A., Department of Animal Physiology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Onagbesan, A.O.M., Department of Animal Physiology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	A comparative study was conducted to evaluate haemagglutination potential in the haemolymph of two species of giant African land snails (Archachatina marginata and Achatina achatina). Three liveweight groups of snails (<100g, 101-150g and >150g) were used with 4 replicates per liveweight per species for haemagglutination assay (HA). The effect of aestivation on haemagglutination potential was also evaluated. Erythrocytes (2%) from cattle, sheep, goat and chicken were used for HA assay. Results showed that agglutinin-like substances that agglutinate erythrocytes of sheep, goat, cattle and chicken were present in the haemolymph of the two species of giant African land snails. Effect of species was found to be significant (P<0.001) on haemagglutination titre. Haemolymph of A. marginata, had higher haemagglutination titre than that of A. achatina across the three liveweight groups used in this study. Snail liveweight had no significant effect (P>0.05) on agglutinin content of the haemolymph in both species. Agglutination level depended on the source of erythrocyte used. Sheep erythrocyte recorded the highest haemagglutination titre, followed by goat, cattle, and chicken in that order. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that Giant African land snails (GALS) haemolymph contain agglutinins as previously reported for Helix species. This evidence may be the basis for its survivability in the wild and thus establish the use of GALS for African herbal medicinal applications. © 2014.	Giant African land snails; Haemagglutination; Haemagglutinin; Haemolymph; Titre	agglutinin; animal; chemistry; drug effects; erythrocyte; hemagglutination; hemolymph; physiology; snail; Agglutinins; Animals; Erythrocytes; Hemagglutination; Hemolymph; Snails	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880611242	Evaluation of a chick brooding technology based on cotton-plate material for small scale poultry farming	Ayalew M., Simeneh M.	2013	Middle East Journal of Scientific Research	14	7	10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2013.14.7.2197	Department of Animal Production and Extension, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gondar, P.O. Box, 196, Gondar, Ethiopia	Ayalew, M., Department of Animal Production and Extension, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gondar, P.O. Box, 196, Gondar, Ethiopia; Simeneh, M., Department of Animal Production and Extension, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gondar, P.O. Box, 196, Gondar, Ethiopia	An experiment trial was conducted to examine the effect of cotton plate chicks brooder technology to retain day old chicks natural body heat at the University of Gondar teaching and research poultry farm, Ethiopia, on two hundred four day-old (commercial B102) chicks with the aim of producing an alternative chicks brooder which is applicable in small scale poultry farming areas on the basis of survival of chicks. The two hundred four day-old chicks were randomly divided into six groups: first four groups with four different levels of cotton plate each with equal number of (n=34) chicks placed under cotton plate candidate brooder, fifth group (n=34) was brooded under electrical brooder CE Complies with C.EE-EU ID06-2010/388 RAEE ITALY: (positive control) and the sixth group (n=34) was kept in brooder guard as negative control. Chicks were supervised constantly for 24 hours for 15 days and mortality of chicks was recorded. The candidate cotton plate brooder showed higher level of chicks survival. Mortality rate was 100 percent in negative control brooder. Cotton plate chicks brooder technology was not only environmentally friendly but does not require energy source. The study revealed that higher level of chicks' survival in case of cotton plate chicks brooder as compared to conventional electrical brooder. © IDOSI Publications, 2013.	Brooder; Chicks; Cotton; Ethiopia; Gondar; Plate	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33847643731	Compositional evaluation of some dry season shrub and tree foliages in a transitionally vegetated zone of Nigeria	Ikhimioya I., Bamikole M.A., Omoregie A.U., Ikhatua U.J.	2007	Livestock Research for Rural Development	19	3	None	Department of Animal Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Department of Crop Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria	Ikhimioya, I., Department of Animal Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria; Bamikole, M.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Omoregie, A.U., Department of Crop Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria; Ikhatua, U.J., Department of Animal Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	The proximate composition, cell wall and mineral contents, and the levels of some anti-nutrients were assessed in the foliages of Afzelia africana, Bambusa vulgaris, Chromolaena odorata, Mangifera indica and Newbouldia laevis. DM content ranged from 26.80% in Chromolaena odorata to 50.82% in Bambusa vulgaris. The leaves were generally high in CP which ranged from 15.13% in Mangifera indica to 29.85% in Afzelia africana. Gross energy in the foliages varied from 2.50 Kcal/g to 4.09 Kcal/g respectively in Mangifera indica and N. laevis. The highest value of NDF (54.38%) was recorded in Chromolaena odorata while Mangifera indica had the least value (42.40%). Mineral content analysis revealed that Afzelia africana contained the least content of Ca (0.31%) while Chromolaena odorata had the highest (1.52%). Chromolaena odorata also recorded the highest P content (0.39%) and the least was in Mangifera indica (0.20%). Sodium content varied from 0.39% in Chromolaena odorata to 0.14% in Afzelia africana. The lowest content of Cu (5.26ppm) was recorded in Newbouldia laevis while the highest value of 91.76ppm was from Chromolaena odorata. The concentration of Zn varied from 46.60ppm in Bambusa vulgaris to 277.88ppm in Chromolaena odorata. Among the anti-nutrient contents examined, the haemaglutinnin value was least in Chromolaena odorata(9.72mg/g) and highest in Newbouldia laevis(20.84mg/g). Phytic acid varied from 0.45% in Afzelia africana to 4.88% in Mangifera indica, while tannin content ranged between 0.17% in Afzelia africana and 3.51% in Mangifera indica. The implication of the results is that, based on the observed nutritional compositions and ready availability of the foliages, especially in the dry season when the quality of available grasses drops, they showed promise of being adequate for the supplementation of ruminants' diets.	Anti-nutrient; Cell wall; Foliages; Mineral; Nigeria; Proximate composition; Transitional vegetation zone	Afzelia africana; Bambusa; Bambusa vulgaris; Bovidae; Chromolaena; Chromolaena odorata; Mangifera indica; Newbouldia laevis; Poaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875991092	Effect of cassayeast produced from varying combinations of cassava (Manihot esculenta) and brewers' dried yeast (Saccharomyces cerevicea) on broiler performance [Efecto del cassayeast producido a partir de varias combinaciones de yuca (Manihot esculenta)	Anlebo A.O.	2011	Revista Cientifica UDO Agricola	11	1	None	Department of Animal Science, Anambra State University Igbariam, PMB 6059 Awka, Nigeria	Anlebo, A.O., Department of Animal Science, Anambra State University Igbariam, PMB 6059 Awka, Nigeria	A feeding trial using 480 day-old Anak broiler chicks was conducted in which cassava meal (CM) fortified with brewers' dried yeast (BDY) completely replaced maize in four out of five isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets. The objective was to determine the influence of cassayeast produced from varying combinations of cassava (Manihot esculenta) and brewers's dried yeast (Saccharomyces cerevicea) on broiler performance. Dried CM blended with BDY formed cassayeast in the ratios of 30/11.1; 35/12.94; 40/14.79 and 45/16.64 in dietary treatments B, C, D and E, respectively. Diet A (control) contained maize without the test ingredient. Results showed significant differences (P<0.05) in feed intake, body weight gain, efficiency of feed utilization (Feed: gain and gain: feed ratios) and weights of breast and liver. Gizzard weights were similar (P>0.05). The study demonstrated that the use of cassayeast could improve feed availability in the broiler industry. It also showed that with proper protein balancing, cassayeast can completely replace maize in broiler diets.	Brewers' dried yeast; Broiler performance; Cassava meal; Cassayeast	Aves; Manihot esculenta; Saccharomyces; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937512504	Growth performance and carcass characteristics of three chicken strains in response to incremental levels of dietary Moringa oleifera leaf meal	Sebola N.A., Mlambo V., Mokoboki H.K., Muchenje V.	2015	Livestock Science	178	None	10.1016/j.livsci.2015.04.019	Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Mmabatho, Mafikeng, South Africa; Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Mmabatho, Mafikeng, South Africa; Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa	Sebola, N.A., Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Mmabatho, Mafikeng, South Africa, Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Mmabatho, Mafikeng, South Africa; Mlambo, V., Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Mmabatho, Mafikeng, South Africa, Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Mmabatho, Mafikeng, South Africa; Mokoboki, H.K., Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Mmabatho, Mafikeng, South Africa, Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Mmabatho, Mafikeng, South Africa; Muchenje, V., Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa	A 90-day feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation on growth performance and carcass characteristics of three chicken strains (male and female) that are normally reared under extensive production systems in South Africa. Moringa leaves were harvested by hand, air-dried and milled into M. oleifera leaf meal (MOLM). The MOLM was chemically analysed and used to dilute a commercial broiler finisher diet at 0 (MOLM0), 25 (MOLM25), 50 (MOLM50), and 100 (MOLM100) g/kg DM, producing four dietary treatments. Two hundred and sixteen (216) Potchefstroom Koekoek (PK), Ovambo (OV) and Black Australorp (BA) chickens were raised on a commercial starter mash for 4 weeks. On the fourth week, experimental diets were offered and growth performance data were collected over a period of 13 weeks. Carcass characteristics were measured upon slaughter at the end of the 13-week feeding period. Diet×strain interaction was significant (. P<0.001) for feed intake but not (. P>0.05) for growth rate and FCE. Feed intake responded to incremental levels of MOLM in an asymptotic fashion. Maximum feed intake was achieved at dietary MOLM inclusion levels between 50 and 70. g/kg DM. Black Australorp chickens had the highest feed conversion efficiency (FCE) of 2.35, while OV and PK chickens had lower FCE values of 2.09 and 2.05, respectively. Diet, strain and gender, all had significant effects on dressing percent (. P<0.001), leg and thigh weight (. P<0.05), and wing weight (. P<0.05). Male chickens attained higher (. P<0.05) carcass weight, leg and thigh weight, dressing percent, and breast mass than female chickens (. P<0.001). In female chickens, diets containing MOLM resulted in chickens with better carcass weight, leg and thigh weight, dressing percent, and breast mass compared to the control. In conclusion, Black Australorp chickens were better at utilizing diets with higher levels of MOLM compared to OV and PK strains. Inclusion of MOLM in chicken diets positively affected growth performance and carcass characteristics of the birds. © 2015 Elsevier B.V..	Carcass weight; Feed conversion efficiency; Feed intake; Indigenous chickens; Moringa oleifera leaf meal	Aves; Gallus gallus; Moringa; Moringa oleifera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904538961	The effect of non-genetic factors on the reproductive performance of Sanga and Friesian × Sanga crossbred dairy cattle breeds kept under hot and humid environment	Apori S.O., Hagan J.K.	2014	Tropical Animal Health and Production	46	6	10.1007/s11250-014-0604-7	Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	Apori, S.O., Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Hagan, J.K., Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	A study was conducted to assess the effect of non-genetic factors on the reproductive performance of Sanga and Friesian × Sanga crossbred dairy cattle kept at Amrahia Dairy Farm, Ghana. Records on 66 crossbred Friesian × Sanga and 105 purebred Sanga cattle from 2005 to 2012 were used. The effect of sex of calf (male or female), season of calving (major, minor and dry), year of calving (2005-2012) and parity (first to third) on birthweight, calving interval and age at first calving were determined. The data were analyzed using the general linear model procedures of GenStat (Discovery Edition). The effect of parity of dam, year of calving, season of calving and sex of calf were considered as fixed effects for evaluating the different reproductive traits. Data on calving and conception rates over the period were 74.3 and 76.1 %, respectively. The overall mean values for birthweight, age at first calving and calving interval obtained were 23.9 ± 1.5 and 22.8 ± 1.4 kg, 38.8 ± 2.5 and 40.2 ± 2.4 months and 390.8 ± 12.5 and 413.6 ± 12.1 days for the crossbred and Sanga, respectively. It was observed that all the major determinants of reproductive performance studied apart from birthweight were significantly influenced by year of birth, parity, season of calving and sex. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Age at first calving; Birthweight; Calving interval; Friesian; Reproductive; Sanga	Animalia; Bos; Friesia; Sanga; animal; birth weight; Bovinae; breeding; cross breeding; dairying; female; fertilization; Ghana; heat; humidity; male; parity; physiology; pregnancy; procedures; reproduction; season; sex difference; statistical model; tropic climate; Animals; Birth Weight; Breeding; Cattle; Crosses, Genetic; Dairying; Female; Fertilization; Ghana; Hot Temperature; Humidity; Linear Models; Male; Parity; Pregnancy; Reproduction; Seasons; Sex Factors; Tropical Climate	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84889006647	Does Regulation in Credit, Labour and Business Matter for Bank Performance in the EU-10 Economies?	Mamatzakis E., Kalyvas A.N., Piesse J.	2013	International Journal of the Economics of Business	20	3	10.1080/13571516.2013.835981	Department of Business, School of Business, Management and Economics, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9SL, United Kingdom; Department of Management, Executive Business Centre, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, BH8 8EB, United Kingdom; University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	Mamatzakis, E., Department of Business, School of Business, Management and Economics, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9SL, United Kingdom; Kalyvas, A.N., Department of Business, School of Business, Management and Economics, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9SL, United Kingdom; Piesse, J., Department of Management, Executive Business Centre, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, BH8 8EB, United Kingdom, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	Cost efficiency scores for banks in ten new EU member countries of Central and Eastern Europe are estimated using a parametric approach (data envelopment analysis) for the period prior to and immediately following their accession (2000-2010). These are then used in both fixed effects and dynamic panels to estimate the impact of regulation on bank specific efficiency in the transition economies of the EU. Using the Fraser Index of Economic Freedom (Gwartney, Hall, and Lawson 2012) we find that, among all the indices of economic freedom, the composite regulation index that includes regulation in credit, labour and business has more importance for the banking sector as results suggest a positive and statistically significant impact on bank efficiency. By decomposing the regulation index into its three components (credit, business and labour regulation) we find that strict labour regulation is associated with lower bank cost efficiency while certain aspects of credit regulation such as foreign ownership and competition as well as private ownership are significantly associated with improved efficiency. The dynamic panel vector autoregression (VAR) results using impulse response functions and variance decomposition further support the validity of these results. These findings are valuable for both academics and policy makers in their attempts to understand the drivers of bank efficiency. © 2013 © 2013 International Journal of the Economics of Business.	Bank Cost Efficiency; New EU Member States; Regulation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956911866	Towards a condition monitoring of rock art sites: The case of BNE 1 in Free State Province, South Africa	Jopela A.	2010	South African Archaeological Bulletin	65	191	None	Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, Eduarde Mondlane University, P.O.Box 257, Maputo, Mozambique; Rock Art Research Institute, GAES, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, 2050, South Africa	Jopela, A., Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, Eduarde Mondlane University, P.O.Box 257, Maputo, Mozambique, Rock Art Research Institute, GAES, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, 2050, South Africa	Management of rock art sites entails continuous monitoring of changes in the condition of the site. Monitoring ensures that changes that occur at the site over time are recorded and controlled. Monitoring is a crucial step in any management process because it enables conservators and managers to determine causes and rates of deterioration, derive a prognosis as well as develop appropriate conservation strategies for sites. Monitoring is thus an indispensable tool for rockart managers in their attempts to minimize or mitigate site damage. This paper analyses how condition change was monitored at a particular rock art site (BNE 1) in Clocolan district, Free State Province, South Africa. Photographic analysis using a digital camera and computer software (Adobe Illustrator Creative Suite 2 and ImageJ), was used to monitor condition change. It is suggested that future monitoring of public rock art sites in Free State in particular and in South Africa in general, should be based on a negotiated partnership between interested parties.	Condition monitoring; Conservation; Heritage management; Rock art; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84869104145	Rural to Urban Migration Is an Unforeseen Impact of Development Intervention in Ethiopia	Gibson M.A., Gurmu E.	2012	PLoS ONE	7	11	10.1371/journal.pone.0048708	Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Center of Population Studies, College of Development Studies, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Gibson, M.A., Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Gurmu, E., Center of Population Studies, College of Development Studies, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Rural development initiatives across the developing world are designed to improve community well-being and livelihoods. However they may also have unforeseen consequences, in some cases placing further demands on stretched public services. In this paper we use data from a longitudinal study of five Ethiopian villages to investigate the impact of a recent rural development initiative, installing village-level water taps, on rural to urban migration of young adults. Our previous research has identified that tap stands dramatically reduced child mortality, but were also associated with increased fertility. We demonstrate that the installation of taps is associated with increased rural-urban migration of young adults (15-30 years) over a 15 year period (15.5% migrate out, n = 1912 from 1280 rural households). Young adults with access to this rural development intervention had three times the relative risk of migrating to urban centres compared to those without the development. We also identify that family dynamics, specifically sibling competition for limited household resources (e.g. food, heritable land and marriage opportunities), are key to understanding the timing of out-migration. Birth of a younger sibling doubled the odds of out-migration and starting married life reduced it. Rural out-migration appears to be a response to increasing rural resource scarcity, principally competition for agricultural land. Strategies for livelihood diversification include education and off-farm casual wage-labour. However, jobs and services are limited in urban centres, few migrants send large cash remittances back to their families, and most return to their villages within one year without advanced qualifications. One benefit for returning migrants may be through enhanced social prestige and mate-acquisition on return to rural areas. These findings have wide implications for current understanding of the processes which initiate rural-to-urban migration and transitions to low fertility, as well as for the design and implementation of development intervention across the rural and urban developing world. © 2012 Gibson, Gurmu.	None	adolescent; adult; agricultural land; article; developing country; Ethiopia; family functioning; female; household; human; male; population migration; population movement pattern; risk factor; rural area; rural population; social status; urban area; urban rural difference; urbanization; Adolescent; Adult; Developing Countries; Ethiopia; Family Characteristics; Female; Human Migration; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Population Dynamics; Rural Population; Social Planning; Socioeconomic Factors; Urban Population	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938591460	Beyond Static Models: An Evaluation of Present Status and Future Prospects for Iron Age Research in Southern Africa	Fredriksen P.D., Chirikure S.	2015	Cambridge Archaeological Journal	25	3	10.1017/S0959774314001115	Department of Archaeology, Conservation and History, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1019, Oslo, Norway; Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Fredriksen, P.D., Department of Archaeology, Conservation and History, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1019, Oslo, Norway, Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Chirikure, S., Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	To what extent do we need structuralist cognitive settlement models such as the Central Cattle Pattern and the Zimbabwe Pattern for future research and understanding of Iron Age social life in southern Africa? How will alternative approaches enable us to progress beyond the present status of knowledge? While the three last decades of debate have underpinned key aspects of archaeological inquiry, notably questions of social change, gender dynamics, analytical scale and the use of ethnographic and ethnoarchaeological insights, the sometimes entrenched nature of the debate has in other respects hindered development of new approaches and restrained the range of themes and topics scholars engage with. In this article, we identify the issues of analytical scale and recursiveness as key to the development of future approaches and present an alternative framework through empirically grounded discussion of three central Iron Age themes: ceramics and the microscale, the spatiality of metal production and the temporality of stonewalled architecture. © 2015 The McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956816345	Capital structure and corporate performance in Nigeria Petroleum Industry: Panel data analysis	David D.F., Olorunfemi S.	2010	Journal of Mathematics and Statistics	6	2	None	Department of Banking and Finance, Adekunle Ajasin University, P.M.B. 001, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria; Department of Economics, Adekunle Ajasin University, P.M.B. 001, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria	David, D.F., Department of Banking and Finance, Adekunle Ajasin University, P.M.B. 001, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria; Olorunfemi, S., Department of Economics, Adekunle Ajasin University, P.M.B. 001, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria	Problem statement: The actual impact of capital structure on corporate performance in Nigeria has been a major problem among researchers that has not been resolved. Approach: The study looks at the impact of capital structure on corporate performance in the Nigerian Petroleum Industry. Results: The study employed panel data analysis by using Fixed-effect estimation, Random-effect estimation and Maximum likelihood estimation. It was found out that there was positive relationship between earnings per share and leverage ratio on one hand and positive relationship between dividend per share and leverage ratio on the other hand. Conclusion/Recommendations: It is therefore recommended that the management of the industry should do more to improve on its leverage ratio. © 2010 Science Publications.	Dividend; Earnings per share; Fixed effect and random effect; Leverage ratio	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84946077792	The joint impact of stock market and corruption on economic growth and development in Nigeria: Evidence from cointegration and vecm analysis	Nageri I.K., Nageri I.S., Amin A.	2015	Serbian Journal of Management	10	2	10.5937/sjm10-7507	Department of Banking and Finance, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, P.M.B 1601, Ilorin Kwara State, Nigeria; Department of Finance, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Business Administration, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria	Nageri, I.K., Department of Banking and Finance, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, P.M.B 1601, Ilorin Kwara State, Nigeria; Nageri, I.S., Department of Finance, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Amin, A., Department of Business Administration, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria	This paper studies the effect of capital market on economic growth in the presence of corruption in the Nigerian context. We employed the use of cointegration and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). We find out that both corruption and capital market has long run associationship with economic development in Nigeria but has no short run relationship. This simply means that there is short run gain and long run pain for the Nigerian economy if corruption and capital market are not checked and well regulated respectively in Nigeria. We therefore recommend that government should strengthen the anti-graft agencies and equip them technologically and make them independent, educate the public on the problems associated with corrupt practices and the economic implication especially through the capital market and encourage local investors to invest in the capital market to improve liquidity and profitability of the Nigerian capital market.	Capital market; Co-integration; Corruption; Vector Error Correction	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940947761	The impact of motivations, personal values and management skills on the performance of SMEs in South Africa	Asah F., Fatoki O.O., Rungani E.	2015	African Journal of Economic and Management Studies	6	3	10.1108/AJEMS-01-2013-0009	Department of Business Management, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa; Department of Business Management, University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, South Africa	Asah, F., Department of Business Management, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa; Fatoki, O.O., Department of Business Management, University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, South Africa; Rungani, E., Department of Business Management, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa	Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the impact of motivation, personal values and managerial skills of managers on the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in South Africa. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected through the use of self-administered questionnaire in a survey. Data analysis included factor analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and regression analysis. Findings – The findings revealed significant positive relationships between motivations, personal values and managerial skills of SME owners on performance. Research limitations/implications – Access to external finance (debt or equity) is one of the factors that can impact on the performance of growing SMEs. The non-accessibility of debt finance from commercial banks and trade creditors is seen as one of the major contributing factors to the failure of SMEs in South Africa. This study did not link access to finance to performance. Practical implications – The failure rate of SMEs is very high in South Africa. The study suggests that SME owners should incorporate values and improve management skills. In addition, SMEs that are motivated by opportunity have a better chance of survival. Social implications – To reduce unemployment and poverty in South Africa. Originality/value – This study adds to the understanding of the relationship between of personal values, motivations and management skills of managers and the performance of SMEs from a developing country perspective. © 2015, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Managerial skills; Motivations; Personal values; SMEs performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900412808	HIV/AIDS awareness and its impact on the profitability of business firms in developing nations	Udeh C., Smith W., Shava H.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	7	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n7p244	Department of Business Management, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa	Udeh, C., Department of Business Management, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa; Smith, W., Department of Business Management, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa; Shava, H., Department of Business Management, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa	The impact of HIV/AIDS on South Africa as well as in the African continent is undoubtedly enormous, especially considering the percentage of the country's workforce living with HIV/AIDS. This study becomes imperative when statistics shows that many owners/managers are not well aware of the challenges of HIV/AIDS in their business firms. This study investigated HIV/AIDS awareness and its impact on the profitability of business firms in King Williams Town, Eastern Cape, South Africa, which could well relate to developing nations. The researchers use a target population of all the private business firms as well as the owners/mangers that are present in King Williams Town. A sample was drawn from the target population by the researchers. The sample size of 120 respondents (100 employees and 20 owners/mangers) was considered adequate due to the sensitive nature of the research. Based on the findings of this research, it was discovered that employees of business firms are not aware of issues pertaining to HIV/AIDS, business firms do not have a workplace policy on HIV/AIDS to minimise the impact of HIV/AIDS and HIV/AIDS does affect the profitability of business firms in developing nations. The study recommends that business firms and relevant stakeholders develop effective strategies in minimising the impact of HIV/AIDS at work place and on employee morale as well as to intensify HIV/AIDS awareness campaigns at firm level.	Employees; Investors; Mixed-method; Productivity; Revenue; Workplace; Workshops	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84955288709	Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and small business performance: The mediating effect of entrepreneurial mindset and openness to experience	Ngek N.B.	2015	Problems and Perspectives in Management	13	4	None	Department of Business Management, University of Free State, South Africa	Ngek, N.B., Department of Business Management, University of Free State, South Africa	Small business performance is a key concern around the globe as small businesses play a vital role in fostering economic growth and development. Despite the increasing research on enhancing small business performance, most small businesses still fail within the first three years of operations. As such, unearthing the underlying aspects on how several factors affect small business performance continues to be an important research agenda. This study focuses on examining the mediating effect of entrepreneurial mindset and openness to experience on the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) and small business performance. The empirical findings indicate that both entrepreneurial mindset and openness to experience fully mediate the ESE-performance relationship. These findings act as an enrichment of our current understanding of the ESE-performance relationship. The study culminates by providing both theoretical and practical implications for entrepreneurship theory and practice. © Neneh Brownhilder Ngek, 2015.	Entrepreneurial mindset; Entrepreneurial self-efficacy; Firm performance; Openness to experience; Small businesses	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960099478	Strategic marketing orientation and performance: A case for synergistic merger effects of Nigerian banks	Asikhia O.	2010	European Journal of Scientific Research	42	2	None	Department of Business Studies, College of Business and Social Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Ota, Ogun state, Nigeria	Asikhia, O., Department of Business Studies, College of Business and Social Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Ota, Ogun state, Nigeria	The purpose of this paper is to examine the strategic marketing orientation - performance relationship among Nigerian banks and the synergistic effects of probable merger is also included. The paper presents primary data collected by self-administered questionnaires involving a sample of 835 corporate customers from the two commercial cities in Nigeria to classify the banks based on performance, out of which 500 were usable resulting in 59.9% response rate and a total of 375 questionnaire were also distributed to top and middle level management of the banks, 257 were returned, out of which 213 were usable (valid and complete), thus producing a response rate of 56.8 percent, The data set was subjected to regression analysis and structural equation modeling to measure the various effects of variables. It was discovered that strategic marketing orientation positively relates with banks 'performance with the major banks having the lowest SMO-Performance, the combination of the banks in merger scenario revealed different implicating results. It was also revealed that marketing competence and all environmental factors moderate the SMO-Performance relationship except demand uncertainty. For successful mergers between banks in this era of bank failures to occur, consideration should be given to the strategic marketing orientation - performance relationships for synergy. The paper reports findings from the first nationwide study carried out in the area of strategic marketing orientation-performance relationship as a basis for synergic merger in Nigerian banks. © 2010 EuroJournals Publishing, Inc.	Banks' performance; Environmental factors; Marketing competence; Nigerian Banks; Strategic marketing orientation; Synergic effects	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893673758	Genetic evaluation of nigerian indigenous crossbred pullets and broilers	Sanda A.J., Adebambo O.A., Olowofeso O., Adeleke M.A., Akinfenwa M.O., Nworgu F.C., Lawal R.A.	2012	Thai Journal of Agricultural Science	45	4	None	Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, IAR and T. Moor Plantation, P	Sanda, A.J., Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Adebambo, O.A., Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Olowofeso, O., Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Adeleke, M.A., Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Akinfenwa, M.O., Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Nworgu, F.C., Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, IAR and T. Moor Plantation, P.M.B. 5029, Ibadan, Nigeria; Lawal, R.A., Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	An experiment was carried out to determine the growth performance of different crossbred broilers and egg line, and to investigate the effect of genotype (Marshal, Anak Titan, Giriraja, Rhode Island Red cocks, indigenous pullets and exotic dihybrid and trihybrid crosses) on body weight gain. Data were collected for a period of five months. Results showed that with the effect of sire genotype on body weight, Marshal cross has the highest body weight of 1780.50±186.16 g at twenty weeks of age, while Rhode Island Red cross has the lowest mean value of 1287.25±53.55 g. With the effect of dam genotype, dihybrid has the highest body weight with a value of 1663.0±0.00 g at twenty weeks of age, followed by Normal and Anak Titan, respectively. The crossbreds of Marshal sire and Anak Titan dam showed the highest mean body weight of 1909.33±186.10 g at twenty weeks of age; also crosses of Marshal sire and Anak Titan dam produced eggs with the most significant mean weight of 60.00±0.30 g for egg line, while the crossing between Normal indigenous sire and Normal indigenous dam produced eggs with lowest mean weight of 57.08±3.55 g. The interaction between sire and dam on body weight and egg weight showed improvement in the egg line for poultry production. Results of the experiment suggest that crossing of exotic breed of sire with the normal Nigerian indigenous dam produced birds with improved growth performance for broiler chickens and improvement in the egg line.	Crossbred; Dihybrid; Genotype; Indigenous; Trihybrid	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79651473539	Growth performance of Nigerian local chickens in crosses involving an exotic broiler breeder	Adeleke M.A., Peters S.O., Ozoje M.O., Ikeobi C.O.N., Bamgbose A.M., Adebambo O.A.	2011	Tropical Animal Health and Production	43	3	10.1007/s11250-010-9747-3	Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, United States; Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.	Adeleke, M.A., Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Peters, S.O., Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria, Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, United States; Ozoje, M.O., Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ikeobi, C.O.N., Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Bamgbose, A.M., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Adebambo, O.A., Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Six-hundred-and-seven-day-old chicks were generated from Nigerian local chickens consisting of three genotypes (Normal-feathered; Frizzled-feathered; Naked neck) and an exotic broiler breeder (Anak Titan) to evaluate growth performance for possible meat-type chicken development. Growth parameters measured were body weight, breast girth and keel length on weekly basis for 20 weeks. Effects of sire, dam and chick genotypes were significant (P < 0.001) on growth traits. At week 20, chickens sired by the Anak Titan weighed 1,614.82 g followed by Normal-feathered local chickens with body weight of 1,211.32 g. Progenies of Anak Titan and Naked neck dams weighed 1,761.96 and 1,292.80 g at week 20, respectively. Among purebreds, Anak Titan weighed 35. 05 g at day-old and had heaviest body weight of 2,360.29 g at 20 weeks compared to the three local strains. The average body weights for the crossbred, Normal-feathered×Anak Titan at day-old and week 20 were 36.39 and 1,577.63 g, respectively. This was followed by Anak Titan×Naked neck with 33.32 g at day-old and 1,514.14 g at week 20. Sex had significant effect (P < 0.05) at weeks 16 and 20 with the males having higher mean values than their female counterparts. This study revealed that crosses involving Anak Titan sire×Naked neck dam had highest growth performance, and there was no strain differences among the growth performance of purebred Nigerian local chickens. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Crossbreeding; Exotic; Genotypes; Indigenous chickens; Nigeria	animal; article; body weight; breeding; chicken; cross breeding; female; genetic variability; genetics; genotype; growth, development and aging; male; methodology; Nigeria; statistical model; Animals; Body Weight; Breeding; Chickens; Crosses, Genetic; Female; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Linear Models; Male; Nigeria; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859481695	Effect of breed and breeding system on reproductive performance of rabbits in a humid tropical environment	Oke U.K., Iheanocho V.C.	2011	Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems	14	1	None	Department of Animal Breeding and Physiology, College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Abia State, Nigeria	Oke, U.K., Department of Animal Breeding and Physiology, College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Abia State, Nigeria; Iheanocho, V.C., Department of Animal Breeding and Physiology, College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Abia State, Nigeria	Data were collected from 36 does and 116 kits recorded in a 2 X 2 factorial experiment in CRD over a period of 12 weeks from artificial insemination and natural mating of 18 Newzealand white and 18 chinchilla does respectively to investigate the effect of breed and breeding system on the reproductive performance of rabbits. Analysis of data showed that breed had no significant effect (p>0.05) on most of reproductive traits measured. The statistical similarity (p>0.05) between both strains of rabbits may be attributed to indiscriminate breeding of rabbits and lack of pure breed. Percent conception was significantly (p<0.05) highest when natural mating was practiced, however, all other reproductive traits were non-significant (p>0.05). Breeding system had a significant effect on average kit weight when artificial insemination was practiced, while other post-partum litter traits were not significant (p>0.05). Chinchilla and Newzealand white may be selected for breeding and improvement in the humid tropical environment. However, natural mating which produced significant (p<0.05) higher percent conception rate 79.9% relative to 56.4% produced by artificial insemination should be practiced. Artificial insemination may not be encouraged on both breeds of rabbits except when interest is on average kit weight at weaning.	Breed; Breeding system; Rabbits and humid tropics; Reproductive performance	Oryctolagus cuniculus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859597483	Comparison of egg production performance and egg quality traits of pearl and black strains of guinea fowl in a humid rain-forest zone of Nigeria	Obike O.M., Oke U.K., Azu K.E.	2011	International Journal of Poultry Science	10	7	10.3923/ijps.2011.547.551	Department of Animal Breeding and Physiology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Abia State, Nigeria	Obike, O.M., Department of Animal Breeding and Physiology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Abia State, Nigeria; Oke, U.K., Department of Animal Breeding and Physiology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Abia State, Nigeria; Azu, K.E., Department of Animal Breeding and Physiology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Abia State, Nigeria	Data on 272 eggs collected from Pearl (175 eggs) and Black (97 eggs) adult guinea fowl strains were analyzed to determine the egg production performance and egg quality characteristics of the birds. Data generated were analyzed using Student's t-test. The external egg quality traits measured were egg weight, egg length, egg width, shell weight, shell thickness and egg shape index. Internal egg quality traits studied include egg mass, yolk weight, yolk height, yolk diameter, yolk index, albumen weight, albumen height and albumen diameter and albumen index. The production performance traits measured were egg number and Hen-Day Production (HDP). In addition, weekly body weight of the hens was also recorded. Egg number was significantly (p<0.05) different between the two strains. The mean values were 22.71±0.30 and 12.84±0.29, respectively for Pearl and Black. Although there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between HDP of the two strains, the Black strain had higher HDP in all the weeks except in weeks 1, 5 and 6. Among the internal traits, albumen diameter differed significantly (p<0.05) between Pearl and Black with mean values of 61.27±2.02 mm and 66.97±1.20 mm, respectively. Effect of strain was not observed for all the other egg traits measured. However, the significant difference (p<0.05) observed for egg number and albumen diameter between the strains suggests at least some degree of genetic dissimilarity, which implies that the strains could be used to improve egg production and egg quality characteristics of guinea fowl in the study region. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2011.	Albumen diameter; Egg number; Egg quality traits; Guinea fowl; Strain	Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650134975	Comparative evaluation of two nigerian local chicken ecotypes and their crosses for growth traits	Momoh O.M., Nwosu C.C., Adeyinka I.A.	2010	International Journal of Poultry Science	9	8	None	Department of Animal Breeding and Physiology, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello Universi	Momoh, O.M., Department of Animal Breeding and Physiology, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Nwosu, C.C., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Adeyinka, I.A., National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria	The Nigerian local chickens were grouped on the basis of body size and body weight into Heavy Ecotype (HE) and Light Ecotype (LE). Comparative evaluation of growth traits; Body Weight (BWT), Body Weight Gain (BWG) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) at 4-weekly intervals (from 0-20 weeks) of HE, LE and their F1 crosses; HE × LE - Main Cross (MCX) and LE × HE - Reciprocal Cross (RCX) were carried out. The total of 214, 142, 190 and 185 day-old chicks of HE, LE, MCX and RCX, respectively were used for the study. The chicks in all the genetic groups were raised on deep litter pens from 0-20 weeks using standard management procedures. Data were subjected to analysis of variance. Results showed that the HE differed (p<0.05) from the LE in BWT (0-20 weeks). Crossing the HE with LE appeared to have closed the gap between HE and LE in BWT as there were no significant differences (p>0.05) between the BWT of HE and the crossbred groups as from 8-20 weeks of age. The crossbred groups quickly overcame the initial set backs resulting from maternal/sire-dam interaction effects and grew significantly heavier than the straight bred heavy and light ecotypes during the period, 12-20 weeks of age. FCR showed highly significant (p<0.001) difference among the genetic groups which indicates differences in maintenance requirements. On the whole, results of FCR showed that the local chickens are less efficient in feed utilization. © Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Heavy ecotype; Light ecotype; Local chickens; Main cross; Reciprocal cross	Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44349150471	Effect of composite cassava meal with or without palm oil and/or methionine supplementation on broiler performance	Ukachukwu S.N.	2008	Livestock Research for Rural Development	20	4	None	Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P M B 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Ukachukwu, S.N., Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P M B 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Two experiments were carried out to investigate the response of broiler chicks to substitution of composite cassava meal (CCM) for maize in broiler diets as well as to assess the impact of supplementing CCM-based diet with palm oil and/or methionine on performance of starter broiler chicks. In experiment 1 six diets in which CCM replaced maize at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% and designated T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6, respectively were fed to 144 day-old broiler chicks in a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment. In experiment 2, five diets designated D1 (control, without CCM), D2 (maize-CCM type diet), D3 (maize-CCM type diet with methionine supplementation), D4 (maize-CCM type diet with palm oil supplementation), and D5 (maize-CCM type diet with palm oil and methionine supplementation) were fed to 150 day-old broiler birds in a CRD experiment. At end of experiment 1 (day 56), daily feed intakes (DFI) of birds in T1, T2, T3, and T4 were similar (P>0.05), but significantly lower (P<0.05) than the DFI of birds fed diet T6. Birds fed diets T1, T2, T3, and T4 had similar (P>0.05) final live weight, daily weight gain (DWG), feed conversion (FCR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER), which were significantly better (P<0.05) than the final live weight, DWG, FCR, and PER of birds fed diet T6. Generally, there was increasing intake as the CCM inclusion level increased, while the response parameters showed a general trend of decreasing performance as the inclusion level of CCM increased. On economics of production of finished broilers, the cost/Kg feed, on relative basis using the control diet (T1) as baseline, ranged from 100% to 79.62% for T1-T6 respectively. Feeding of diets T4 and T5 yielded the highest (P<0.05) gross margin (GM) values that were however similar to the GM values of birds fed diets T2 and T3 but higher (P<0.05) than the GM value of birds fed diet T1, while the GM of birds fed dietT6 was the lowest (P<0.05). In experiment 2, there were significant (P<0.05) differences among treatment means of all the parameters. Birds fed D4 and D5 diets had significantly higher (P<0.05) body weight (BWt) and daily weight gain (DWG) than birds fed D2 but were similar to those fed D1 (control) and D3.The feed conversion ratios (FCR) and protein efficiency ratios (PER) of D5, D4 and D1 were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of D2 but similar to those of D3.	Alternative feedstuff; Broiler nutrition; Energy supplementation; Feed additives; Growth response	Aves; Manihot esculenta; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-54949105749	Genetic evaluation of growth traits in crosses between two ecotypes of Nigerian local chicken	Momoh O.M., Nwosu C.C.	2008	Livestock Research for Rural Development	20	10	None	Department of Animal Breeding and Physiology, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2373, Makurdi. Benue State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Enugu State, Nigeria	Momoh, O.M., Department of Animal Breeding and Physiology, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2373, Makurdi. Benue State, Nigeria; Nwosu, C.C., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Enugu State, Nigeria	Genetic evaluation of the Nigerian local heavy chicken ecotype (HE) and its F1 crosses with the light ecotype (LE); HE X LE as the main cross (MCX) and LE X HE as the reciprocal cross (RCX) was carried out at the Poultry Farm of the Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The objective of the study was to provide estimates of heritability of some growth traits and the genetic correlations between them in HE and its crosses under improved management. A total of 214 pedigree hatched day old chicks of HE, 190 day old chicks of MCX and 185 day old chicks of RCX from a total of 15 sires were used in the study. Body weight (BW), average daily weight gain (DG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured at 4-weekly intervals in all the genetic groups. Heritability estimates and genetic correlation between the traits were obtained. Body weight in HE, MCX and RCX were on the average lowly to moderately heritable. Heritability estimates of daily gain were generally low in HE and RCX with a range of h2 = 0.04 ± 0.13 to 0.12 ± 0.14. feed conversion ratio had moderate h2 estimate in all the genetic groups. In all the groups, genetic correlation estimates between body weight and body weight gain were high, positive and highly significant (P &lt; 0.001). The low to moderate heritability of growth traits in the Nigerian local heavy chicken ecotype and its crosses as well as the variations in additive genetic effect reflect genetically unimproved populations.	Genetic correlations; Heritability; Main crossbred; Reciprocal crossbred	Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955396196	Phytochemical screening and antibacterial evaluation of the leaves extracts of olea hochstetteri bak. (Oleaceae)	Aji S.B., Auwal M.S., Onyeyili P.A., Dawurung C.J.	2010	Research Journal of Pharmacology	4	2	10.3923/rjpharm.2010.26.30	Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, Adamawa State College of Agriculture, Ganye, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria; Department of Animal Health and Production T	Aji, S.B., Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, Adamawa State College of Agriculture, Ganye, Nigeria, Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria; Auwal, M.S., Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria, Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, Mohammet Lawan College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, Nigeria; Onyeyili, P.A., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Dawurung, C.J., Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria, Department of Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria	Phytochemical and antibacterial properties of Olea hochstetteri crude aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts were evaluated. The extracts were subjected to qualitative chemical analysis for identification of various classes of active chemical compounds. Disc diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial properties of the extracts on some gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The extracts showed the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids, terpenes and steroids. The extract inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and to some extent Klebsiella pneumonia but had no effect on the growth of Bacillus sp., Shigella sp. and Escherichia coli. The study revealed some antibacterial properties of this extracts that supported the use of the leaves of this plant in folklore medicine. © Medwell Joumals, 2010.	Antibacterial activity; Aqueous/ethanol extracts; Folklore medicine; Nigeria; Olea hochstetteri bak.; Phytochemistry	alcohol; antiinfective agent; carbohydrate derivative; flavonoid; glycoside; Olea hochstetteri extract; plant extract; saponin derivative; steroid; tannin derivative; terpene derivative; unclassified drug; antibacterial activity; article; Bacillus; bacterial growth; bacterium culture; chemical analysis; chemical composition; controlled study; disk diffusion; drug determination; drug isolation; Escherichia coli; Gram negative bacterium; Gram positive bacterium; growth inhibition; Klebsiella pneumoniae; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; Olea hochstetteri; Oleaceae; phytochemistry; plant leaf; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; qualitative analysis; Salmonella typhi; Shigella; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67650222412	The effect of dried sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) fruit pulp meal on the growth performance of rabbits	Hon F.M., Oluremi O.I.A., Anugwa F.O.I.	2009	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	8	8	10.3923/pjn.2009.1150.1155	Department of Animal Health and Production, Akperan Orshi College of Agriculture, P.M.B. 181, Gboko, Nigeria; Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Nigeria	Hon, F.M., Department of Animal Health and Production, Akperan Orshi College of Agriculture, P.M.B. 181, Gboko, Nigeria; Oluremi, O.I.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Nigeria; Anugwa, F.O.I., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Nigeria	A feeding trial was conducted with thirty six mixed breeds of rabbits to assess the feeding value of sun dried sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) fruit pulp meal (SOPM). The sweet orange peel meal was analyzed for its proximate nutrients and its crude fibre constituents. The nutrients in SOPM were 7.71% CP, 9.6% CF, 2.12% EE, 5.18% ash, 75.31% NFE and 3756.14kcalME/kg. The crude fibre fractions were 15.04% cellulose, 20.46% hemi-cellulose, 38.28% NDF, 18.32% ADF and 3.28% ADL. The experimental rabbits were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments: T0, T5, T10, T15, T20 and T25 in which SOPM replaced maize at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%, respectively at the rate of six rabbits per dietary group. The rabbits were fed these diets for 84 days during which performance and nutrient digestibility were evaluated. Experimental diets had significant effects (p&lt;0.05) on the body weight gain, water intake, water: feed ratio, protein efficiency ratio and final live weight. Coefficient of digestibility and nutrient digestibility, were not adversely affected by the inclusion of SOPM in the diets. This study has shown the possibility that sweet orange fruit pulp meal can be used as a replacement feedstuff for maize in the ration of grower rabbit up to a level of 20%. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2009.	Performance and nutrient digestibility; Rabbit; Sweet orange fruit pulp meal	cellulose; hemicellulose; lignin; protein; animal experiment; animal food; article; body weight; controlled study; dietary intake; experimental rabbit; female; fluid intake; food analysis; food composition; fruit; growth rate; maize; male; nonhuman; nutrient content; nutritional assessment; nutritional value; plant fiber; sweet orange; weight gain; Citrus sinensis; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77958046459	Comparative evaluation of maize and soyabeans as energy sources for broiler chickens	Onuh S.O., Ortserga D.D., Okoh J.J.	2010	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	9	6	None	Department of Animal Health and Production, Akperan Orshi College of Agriculture, Yandev, P.M.B. 181, Gboko, Benue State, Nigeria	Onuh, S.O., Department of Animal Health and Production, Akperan Orshi College of Agriculture, Yandev, P.M.B. 181, Gboko, Benue State, Nigeria; Ortserga, D.D., Department of Animal Health and Production, Akperan Orshi College of Agriculture, Yandev, P.M.B. 181, Gboko, Benue State, Nigeria; Okoh, J.J., Department of Animal Health and Production, Akperan Orshi College of Agriculture, Yandev, P.M.B. 181, Gboko, Benue State, Nigeria	A total of one hundred and thirty-five (135) unsexed broiler chickens of 5 days of age averaging 72.22±1.11 grams were randomly allocated into 3 dietary treatments designated I, II and III such that full-fat soyabean and maize respectively each predominate (weight for weight) in diets on the one hand while each of the two ingredients were in equal proportions on the other hand. The results at the starter phase show that feed intake and weight gain were not adversely affected (p>0.05) by birds fed all diets. However, the diet which contained the highest level of full-fat soyabean supported insignificantly higher weight gain and efficiency of feed utilization. The results also show that efficiency of feed utilization of birds fed all diets were not significantly affected (p>0.05) while feed cost per unit weight gain of the birds fed the diet where soyabean predominated were significantly better (p<0.05) than birds fed other diets. The results at the finishing phase however show that there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in feed intake, weight gain, efficiency of feed utilization and feed cost per unit weight gain among birds fed diets containing either higher levels of maize or soyabeans. It was observed in the present study that bird fed the diet that contained higher levels of maize had insignificantly (p>0.05) better performance characteristics than those fed the diet that contained higher level of soyabeans. On the basis of the results obtained, it may be recommended that either higher levels of maize or full-fat soyabean may be used as energy sources for broiler starter and finishing broiler chickens without any adverse effect on their performance when prices of each feed ingredients do not differ much. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Broilers; Full-fat soyabean; Maize	animal experiment; animal food; article; broiler; chicken; comparative study; controlled study; energy metabolism; energy resource; food analysis; food composition; food intake; food processing; food quality; lipid diet; maize; nonhuman; nutrient content; nutritional requirement; nutritional value; soybean; weight change; weight gain; Aves; Gallus gallus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867364082	The effect of dried sweet orange (Citrus sinesis) fruit peel mweal on the growth performance and haematology of rabbits	Ojabo L.D., Adenkola A.Y., Odaudu G.I.	2012	Veterinary Research	5	2	10.3923/vr.2012.26.30	Department of Animal Health and Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, Makurdi,	Ojabo, L.D., Department of Animal Health and Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Adenkola, A.Y., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Odaudu, G.I., Department of Animal Health and Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria	This study investigated the feed value of dried sweet orange (Citrus sinesis) peel as a replacement for maize in rabbit det. Twenty mixed breed male rabbit were used and randomly assigned to dets T1 (O%), T2 (20%), T3 (30%), T4 (40%) in whch sweet orange peel replaced maize at 0, 20,30 and 40%, respectively at the rate of five rabbits per dietaq group. The rabbit were fed and provided drinking water ad libitum for the 8 weeks experimental duration. Feed intake and live weights were recorded weekly for each replicate and the relative cut-up parts were also determined. Feed conversion ratio from the data as quantity of feed per unit weight gain over the same period. At the end of the trial, the animals were slaughtered by the cut-throat method and dressed to determine the dressing percentage. During slaughtering 4 mL of blood sample was collected into bijou bottles containing the anticoagulant, disodium salt of ethylene daminetetra-acetic acid at the rate of 2 mg mL -1 of blood forthe determination of Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Haemoglobin concentration (Hb) total erythrocyte count and total leucocyte count and erythrocyte osmotic fragility. The performance indices, feed intake, body weight and feeds conversion ratio was not affected significantly (p&lt;0.05) except water consumption and water feed ratio. None of the hematological parameters were significantly (p&gt;0.05) affected. The performance and hematology of rabbits fed on sweet orange were not depressed. The study has shown that sun dried sweet orange peel can be used as a replacement feedstuff for maize in the ration of grower rabbit at a level of 40%, its optimal replacement level can only be determined by evaluating its effect at hgher level of maize replacement in subsequent studes. © Medwell Journals, 2012.	Dried sweet orange (citrus sinesis) peel; Effect; Growth performance; Haematological parameters; Performance; Rabbit	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871552926	Effects of dietary protein supplementation on the performance of West African dwarf (WAD) goats infected with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis	Mhomga L.I., Nnadi P.A., Chiejina S.N., Idika I.K., Ngongeh L.A.	2012	Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences	36	6	10.3906/vet-1106-21	Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Michael Okpara University	Mhomga, L.I., Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Nnadi, P.A., Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Chiejina, S.N., Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Idika, I.K., Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ngongeh, L.A., Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria	Twenty worm-free male West African dwarf (WAD) goats, 7-8 months of age, were used to study the effect of dietary protein on their response to mixed infections of trychostrongyles. The goats were divided into 4 groups (A-D), each containing 5 animals. Groups A and B were fed forages with concentrate feed containing 17.06% crude protein, whereas Groups C and D were fed forages alone. An escalating infection of 500 infective larvae (L3), 1000 L3, 2000 L3, and 4000 L3 was given consecutively at weeks 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively, for 4 weeks to groups A and D. Patency and level of infection were monitored by carrying out fecal egg counts (FECs) twice weekly. All of the animals were humanely sacrificed 42 days aft er infection, and the abomasum and intestines were recovered and processed for worm recovery. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between the dietary protein and body weight gain and body condition score. However, the dietary protein had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on the packed cell volume (PCV), total serum protein, and serum albumin levels. The supplemented goats shed significantly fewer helminth eggs in the feces and harbored lighter burdens of the 2 worm species compared to unsupplemented goats. There was a negative significant correlation between the worm burden and the body weight and body condition scores. The correlation between the worm burden and PCV was also negative but not significant, while that between the worm burden and FEC was positive and significant. Infection significantly affected the feed intake but did not affect water intake. These results therefore demonstrate that nutritional supplementation enhances the resistance of WAD goats to mixed infections of H. contortus and T. colubriformis and results in their improved performance. © TÜBİTAK.	Goats; Haemonchus contortus; Mixed infection; Performance; Supplement feeding; Trichostrongylus colubriformis	Animalia; Capra hircus; Haemonchus contortus; Trichostrongylus colubriformis; Vermes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884484865	Effects of feeding locally processed blood meal diets on reproductive performance of pigs	Abonyi F.O., Omeke B.C.O.	2013	Indian Journal of Animal Research	47	4	None	Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Abonyi, F.O., Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Omeke, B.C.O., Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Large White x Landrace crossbred primigravid pigs (n=24) were divided into four groups and randomly assigned to four diets replacing soya bean meal (SBM) at 0, 50, 75 and 100% levels with blood meal (BM). From farrowing through weaning, a lactating sow was fed 2.50 kg feed in addition to 0.20 kg per piglet farrowed. Body condition of the pigs was assessed at day 90, at term, mid lactation and weaning. Ten piglets from each group were used to evaluate the effects of the diets on the performance of their F1 offspring. There was no significant (P > 0.05) difference between different groups in mean gestation period, litter size, number of piglets weaned, litter weight, piglets' weight at mid lactation and at weaning. Pigs fed BM diets showed higher body condition score at weaning and it was most favourable in pigs where 75% SBM was replaced with BM. There was a rise in packed cell volume of the piglets as the level of BM inclusion increased. It indicated that BM can be included up to 7.5% level in the diet of gestating sows replacing SBM limited to 75%.	Body condition score; Large White x Landrace crossbreed; Nigeria; Pig diets; Swine reproduction	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34250017351	Effect of dietary protein supplementation on performance of West African Dwarf (WAD) does during pregnancy and lactation	Nnadi P.A., Kamalu T.N., Onah D.N.	2007	Small Ruminant Research	71	03-Jan	10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.06.007	Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Nnadi, P.A., Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Kamalu, T.N., Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Onah, D.N., Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	The effect of dietary protein supplementation on the reproductive performance of West African Dwarf goats (WAD) was studied. Eighteen 9-12-month-old female WAD goats that were free from both helminth and trypanosome infections were divided into two groups (A and B) of nine females each and confined separately in concrete floored, fly proof pens. Group A was maintained on a high dietary protein (HDP) diet of 13% crude protein (CP) per day and group B on a low dietary (LDP) protein diet of 9% crude protein (CP) per day from mating until 6 weeks postpartum. The mean live weights and body condition scores were determined weekly from mating (day zero of pregnancy) up to 6 weeks postpartum. These were also determined in neonates within 12 h of birth and at 6 weeks of age. The results showed that animals on HDP gained significantly more weight (P < 0.01) and also had significantly higher body condition scores P < 0.05 than those on LDP. Equally, they delivered and weaned kids of significantly higher birth and weaning weights than those on LDP (P < 0.01). It was concluded that protein supplementation in reproducing traditionally managed WAD goats enhanced foetal development, birth weight, mammary gland development and promoted lactation, all of which enhanced survivability of the neonates. These translated into the delivery of viable kids and weaning of kids of higher body weights, which are requirements for early disease resistance and finish. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Gestation; Lactation; Protein supplementation; WAD goats	Animalia; Capra hircus; Trypanosoma; Vermes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957801165	The impact of dietary protein on the pathophysiology of porcine trypanosome infection	Nnadi P.A., Ezeh I.O., Kalu K.C., Ngene A.A.	2010	Veterinary Parasitology	173	04-Mar	10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.07.004	Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University	Nnadi, P.A., Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ezeh, I.O., Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Kalu, K.C., Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ngene, A.A., Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	The influence of protein nutrition on porcine trypanosomosis was investigated in this study. Thirty six landrace/large white cross weanling pigs were used. Upon purchase, these were divided into two groups of 18 pigs each and these were housed separately to enable them adapt to our animal house management regimen. Post-adaptation, the pigs were divided into 6 groups A1 and A2, B1, and B2, and C1 and C2 (n=6). A1 and A2 were fed diet A1, B1 and B2 diet B while C1 and C2 were fed diet C with 28%, 20% and 16% crude protein, respectively. Two-week post-adaptation groups A1, B1, and C1 were infected with 3×106 Trypanosoma brucei brucei organisms intraperitoneally. Body weight, temperature and Packed Cell Volume of all group members were determined a week prior to infection, on the day of infection and weekly thereafter till end of the study. Serum biochemistry was also concurrently determined. Three days post-infection, blood was collected from all the members of A1, B1 and C1 and thoroughly screened microscopically for the presence of trypanosome organisms. This was repeated on subsequent days till all the infected animals developed patency by showing parasitaemia under wet mount. The result of this study showed that infection did not have any significant effect on the rate of weight gain except in group C (p≤0.05). Moreover, infections caused significant hyperthermia in all the infection groups (p≤0.05) with diet A showing the least response and C the most severe. Furthermore, diet did not have any effect on parasite establishment or parasitaemia as the prepatent period was similar in all the infection groups. There was also significant reduction in PCV whose severity also correlated with reduction in the protein dietary quality. Similar observation was also made on the total serum protein where significant hyperproteinaemia correlated with increasing dietary protein and the uninfected controls having higher serum protein relative to the infected. There was in addition parasite induced hypoalbuminaemia whose severity was also graduated in favour of increasing protein level. The study demonstrated the protective influence of dietary protein on some of the pathophysiological features of porcine trypanosomosis. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.	Anaemia; Body weight; Dietary protein; Pyrexia and serum proteins	albumin; plasma protein; animal experiment; article; blood chemistry; controlled study; disease severity; female; food quality; hematocrit; hyperthermia; hypoalbuminemia; male; nagana; nonhuman; parasitemia; pathophysiology; protein blood level; protein intake; swine; Trypanosoma brucei; weight gain; Animals; Blood Proteins; Body Temperature; Body Weight; Dietary Proteins; Eating; Hematocrit; Parasitemia; Swine; Swine Diseases; Trypanosoma brucei brucei; Trypanosomiasis, African; Animalia; Suidae; Sus; Trypanosoma brucei brucei	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930482270	Growth performance and cost benefit of weaner rabbits fed diet supplemented with probiotic in the tropics	Ezema C., Eze D.C.	2015	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	14	1	10.3923/pjn.2015.47.49	Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Ezema, C., Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Eze, D.C., Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	This study investigated the effect of probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on growth rate and evaluated the economic benefit of this supplementation in growing rabbits. Twenty male crossed-bred weaner rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (A, B, C and D) of five rabbits each. Each rabbit served as a replicate. They were fed pelleted grower mash and groups A to C had probiotic supplementation at varied levels of 0.08, 0.12 and 0.16 g/kg of diet, respectively. Group D had no yeast (control). Feed and water were given ad libitum. Daily feed intake was determined and the rabbits were weighed weekly. The study lasted thirteen weeks. Results showed that all the probiotic supplemented groups had higher but not statistically significant (p>0.05) feed intake and significantly (p<0.05) higher weight gain than the control. Cost of experimental diet per kilogram of live weight gain was cheapest (N69.68) in group B (0.12 g yeast/kg diet) than other groups. Group B (0.12 g probiotic/kg of diet) was thus recommended for maximum weight gain and optimum economic benefit in rabbit production. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2015.	Economic benefit; Feed; Growth rate; Probiotic; Rabbit	probiotic agent; Article; body growth; body weight; controlled study; cost benefit analysis; diet supplementation; economic aspect; food intake; male; nonhuman; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; weight gain; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Saccharomyces cerevisiae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930484345	Probiotic effect of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on hen-day egg performance, serum and egg cholesterol levels in laying chicken	Ezema C., Eze D.C.	2015	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	14	1	10.3923/pjn.2015.44.46	Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Ezema, C., Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Eze, D.C., Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	This study evaluated the effect of varied levels of probiotc (Saccharomyces cereviae) on total serum and egg cholesterol levels in laying birds. The impact of this probiotic on hen-day egg performance was also studied. A total of 100 layers were randomly divided into 4 groups (A, B, C and D) of 25 layers each. The diets for groups A, B and C were supplemented with probiotic at varied levels of 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 g/kg of feed, respectively. Group D diet had no probiotic (Control). The layers were given 120 g of feed per bird per day in two divided doses (morning and afternoon). Eggs were collected three times daily (morning, afternoon and evening). All the eggs collected from each group were weighed and recorded daily. Five birds were randomly selected from each group and 5.0 ml of blood was collected from each bird. The blood samples were allowed to clot in a sample bottle and serum harvested was used to determine the total serum cholesterol content with the aid of a commercial kit. Five eggs were also randomly collected from each group and used to determine the total egg cholesterol content following standard procedure. The result showed that the probiotic fed groups had a significant (p<0.05) reduction in serum cholesterol levels than the control (group “D”). The least mean serum cholesterol level was group “A” (108.33±9.28 mg/dl) followed by group “C” (112.67±7.88 mg/dl) and group “B” (115.00±14.34 mg/dl). Group “D” (control) had a significantly higher mean serum cholesterol level of 166.67±8.82 mg/dl. Group “C” had a significantly higher (p<0.05) hen-day egg performance of 85.00±10.00%, followed by group “B” with 70.00±9.35% hen-day egg performance. Group “A” had a hen-day egg performance of 68.00±8.93% while group “D” (the control) had the least hen-day egg performance of 65.00±5.00%. Probiotic inclusion of 1.0 g/kg of feed was therefore recommended for effective reduction in serum and egg cholesterol levels and optimum hen-day egg performance. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2015.	Cholesterol; Eggs; Feed; Layers; Probiotic	cholesterol; probiotic agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein; Article; blood level; controlled study; diet supplementation; egg laying; egg production; female; hen; nonhuman; Aves; Saccharomyces; Saccharomyces cerevisiae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870589404	Probiotic effect of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on haematological parameters and growth performance of pullets fed palm kernel cake-based diet	Ezema C., Ihedioha O.C., Ihedioha J.I., Okorie-Kanu C.O., Kamalu T.N.	2012	Comparative Clinical Pathology	21	6	10.1007/s00580-011-1250-3	Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, N	Ezema, C., Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ihedioha, O.C., Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ihedioha, J.I., Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Okorie-Kanu, C.O., Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Kamalu, T.N., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	This study evaluated the effect of probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on weight gain, haematological parameters and the onset of egg laying in pullets fed palm kernel cake-based diet. After brooding, 100 pullets were randomly selected and divided into four groups (A-D) of 25 birds each. Diets for groups A to C were supplemented with probiotic at varied levels of 0. 6, 0. 8 and 1. 0 g/kg of feed, respectively. Group D diet had no probiotic (control). The feed for all the groups was isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Daily feed intake was determined, and the birds were weighed weekly. At the 9th and 15th weeks of age, five birds were randomly selected from each group and about 3 ml of blood was collected from each for haematological analysis following the standard procedures. The result showed that the packed cell volume (PCV) was significantly (P < 0. 05) higher in group C (28. 78 ± 0. 061%) than the other groups. All the probiotic supplemented groups had higher total leukocyte and absolute lymphocyte count than the control. Results also showed significantly higher (P < 0. 05) weight gain among the probiotic supplemented groups compared with the control between the 6th and 10th weeks of age. The results revealed that at the point of lay (18th week) group C had higher final mean live weight (1. 48 ± 0. 02 kg/bird) than group D (unsupplemented control; 1. 40 ± 0. 09 kg/bird). Group B was the first to drop egg at the 18th week, followed by groups A and C at the 20th week, while the control started laying at the 22nd week. In conclusion, probiotic supplementation improved weight gain, increased PCV, haemoglobin concentration, total leukocyte count and absolute lymphocyte count. The probiotic also reduced time of onset of egg laying. Probiotic (S. cerevisiae) inclusion level of 1. 0 g/kg of diet was recommended for optimum pullet development. However, there is a need for further studies to determine the effect of this probiotic on hen-day performance and egg quality. © 2011 Springer-Verlag London Limited.	Haematological parameters; Palm kernel; Probiotic; Pullets; Saccharomyces cerevisiae	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45749132673	Performance of laying hens fed graded levels of soaked sesame (Sesamum indicum) seed meal as a source of methionine	Diarra S.S., Usman B.A.	2008	International Journal of Poultry Science	7	4	10.3923/ijps.2008.323.327	Department of Animal Health and Production, Yobe College of Agriculture Gujba, P.M.B. 1104, Damaturu, Nigeria; Department of Animal Health and Production, Mohamet Lawan College of Agriculture, P.M.B. 1427, Maiduguri, Nigeria	Diarra, S.S., Department of Animal Health and Production, Yobe College of Agriculture Gujba, P.M.B. 1104, Damaturu, Nigeria; Usman, B.A., Department of Animal Health and Production, Mohamet Lawan College of Agriculture, P.M.B. 1427, Maiduguri, Nigeria	In a 12 week experiment the effect of graded levels of soaked sesame seed meal (SSM) as a source of methionine on the performance of laying hens was investigated. In a completely randomized design, 200 black Australorp pullets aged 20 weeks were allotted to 5 isonitrogenous diets with 4 replicates of 10 birds per diet. Sesame seed meal (SSM) replaced soyabean meal (SBM) weight for weight at 0.00, 12.50, 37.50 and 50.00% in diet 1 (control), 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. The control diet contained synthetic methionine which was removed with the introduction of SSM in the other diets. The results showed a significant (P<0.05) reduction in the hen-day egg production above 25.00% and egg weight above 12.50% levels of replacement. Shell quality was not affected by dietary treatment. Feed cost (N/egg) was significantly (P<0.05) reduced on the 12.50% replacement compared to the 37.50%. There was no treatment effect (P>0.05) on the while blood cell count, but packed cell volume was significantly (P<0.05) lowered on the 50.00% and haemoglobin concentration, serum protein, albumin and globulin above 12.50% levels of replacement. These results suggest that replacing SBM with SSM at 12.50% in the diet of laying hens will meet their methionine requirement without adverse effects on performance and health status. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008.	Laying hens; Methionine; Poultry diets; Sesame seed	Aves; Glycine max; Sesamum indicum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942550935	Evaluation of analytical assays efficiency to detect aflatoxin M<inf>1</inf> in milk from selected areas in Egypt and South Africa	Mwanza M., Abdel-Hadi A., Ali A.M., Egbuta M.	2015	Journal of Dairy Science	98	10	10.3168/jds.2014-9220	Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt; College of Applied Medical Sciences, Medical laboratories Department, Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt	Mwanza, M., Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa; Abdel-Hadi, A., Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Medical laboratories Department, Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia; Ali, A.M., Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt; Egbuta, M., Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa	Recently, methods to analyze aflatoxin M<inf>1</inf> (AFM<inf>1</inf>) in milk and dairy products have been developed for both screening purposes (i.e., rapid, economical, and simple methods) and for confirmation by accurate, reproducible, and sensitive quantification. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of different rapid kits and techniques available on the market by using different analytical methods: thin layer chromatography (TLC), immunoaffinity column, AFM<inf>1</inf> immunochromatographic strip, and ELISA; some samples were also submitted to HPLC for comparison of results. One hundred thirty-eight samples were collected from rural subsistence and commercial dairy farms in selected areas of Egypt and South Africa and analyzed for the presence of AFM<inf>1</inf>. The results obtained by AFM<inf>1</inf> immunochromatographic strip indicated the lowest frequency of occurrence, with a detection incidence of 20.45% in Egyptian samples and 16% in South African samples. Aflatoxin M<inf>1</inf> was detected by ELISA in 65 (73.9%) Egyptian milk samples, with a range of 8.52 to 78.06 ng/L, and in 34 (68%) South African milk samples, with a range of 5 to 120 ng/L. A higher incidence of AFM<inf>1</inf> in Egyptian milk samples was shown by TLC (81.8%) compared with ELISA (73.9%). Samples analyzed by ELISA in South African milk samples demonstrated satisfactory correlation when compared with HPLC coupled with Coring cell (an electrochemical cell for the derivatization of AFM<inf>1</inf>). Among the positive samples, 18 of the Egyptian samples (20.45%) positive by ELISA had levels of AFM<inf>1</inf> above the European Union (EU) regulatory limit (50 ng/L), whereas 65 samples (73.9%) were above the Egyptian regulatory limit (0 ng/L). Six of the South African samples (12%) tested by ELISA were above the South African (50 ng/L) and EU regulatory limits. The mean concentration of AFM<inf>1</inf> was 25.79 ng/L in Egyptian samples and 17.06 ng/L by ELISA and 39 ng/L by HPLC in South African samples. These contamination levels would not represent a serious public health hazard according to EU legislation. © 2015 American Dairy Science Association.	Aflatoxin M<inf>1</inf>; ELISA; HPLC; Milk; Thin layer chromatography	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34047115476	Evaluation of the mineral status of cattle on communal grazing in the North West Province of South Africa	Mokolopi B.G., Beighle D.E.	2006	Journal of the South African Veterinary Association	77	4	None	Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture Science and Technology, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa	Mokolopi, B.G., Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture Science and Technology, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Beighle, D.E., Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture Science and Technology, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa	Twenty five cattle were randomly selected from a herd of animals grazing communally around Mogosane village in the North West Province to evaluate their mineral status based on blood and faecal analysis. Mean faecal phosphorus (P) concentration was curvilinear, increasing from July (0.99 mg/g) to December (3.63 mg/g) and decreasing to 1.29 mg/g in June. Mean P concentration in grass was also curvilinear, increasing from July (0.87 mg/g) to January (1.8 mg/g) and decreasing to 0.9 mg/g in June. There was a high correlation (r2 = 0.89) between faecal and grass P concentrations. Faecal:grass P ratios suggest that the animals were conserving P by reducing faecal P excretion during times of low dietary P. Animals maintained consistent but very low serum inorganic P (SiP) throughout the year (range 1.33-1.95 mg %) and SiP was not correlated with either faecal or grass P. Mean faecal and grass calcium (Ca) concentrations followed a similar pattern to P. There was also a positive correlation (r2 = 0.95) between grass and faecal Ca concentrations. Faecal:grass Ca ratios indicated a conservation of Ca by reducing faecal Ca when dietary Ca was low. Animals were better able to conserve dietary Ca by reducing losses in the faeces than they were P, based on a higher faecal:grass P ratio (1.56) compared with Ca (1.18). Magnesium (Mg) was lost through the faeces during times of high dietary Mg concentrations but was conserved when grass Mg was low.	Blood; Calcium; Communal grazing; Faecal; Grass; Magnesium; Phosphorus	calcium; magnesium; mineral; phosphate; phosphorus; animal food; article; blood analysis; cattle; concentration (parameters); controlled study; correlation analysis; feces analysis; food composition; grass; grazing; health status; herd; nonhuman; nutritional health; South Africa; Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry; Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animal Welfare; Animals; Calcium; Cattle; Feces; Magnesium; Minerals; Phosphorus; Poaceae; Seasons; South Africa; Animalia; Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857339014	The evaluation of sodium bicarbonate and hydroxy-βeta-cyclodextrin as treatments for organophosphor and carbamate poisoning in poultry	Verster R.S., Sekhesa M.	2011	Life Science Journal	8	SUPPL. 1	None	Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Northwest University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa	Verster, R.S., Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Northwest University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa; Sekhesa, M., Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Northwest University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa	Organophosphorus and carbamates are used world wide on a large scale and accidental poisonings are often seen. The objective of the trials was to evaluate newer antidotes, using chickens as experimental animals. Pilot trials were done to establish the lethal dosages of each poison. In Study 1, fourteen broilers were dosed orally with diazinon at 8 mg/kg and seven broilers were also given sodium bicarbonate at 504 mg/kg by intravenous route 30 minutes later. In Study 2, fourteen broilers received coumaphos orally at 25 mg/kg and 30 minutes later sodium bicarbonate was administered intravenously at a dosage of 504 mg/kg to seven broilers. In Study 3, fourteen broilers received aldicarb at 4 mg/kg and 30 minutes later seven broilers also received hydroxypropyl-β-yclodextrin at 250 mg/kg intravenously. In all the studies, the controls also received sterile, de-ionized water intravenously 30 minutes after dosing as a placebo. The results indicated that sodium bicarbonate had made a significant difference (P < 0.05) to the survival times of broilers in trial 1 and trial 2. Hydroxypropyl-β-yclodextrin treated broilers also had significant longer survival times (P < 0.05) than the controls in trial 3. The final conclusion is that sodium bicarbonate has the potential to inactivate organophosphors, while hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin can be useful for lipid-soluble insecticides with a molecular weight below 250 Daltons. The recommendation is to administer these compounds as adjunctive treatments together with the standard antidotes to improve the outcome of organphosphor or carbamate poisoning.	Carbamates; Cyclodextrins; Organophosphors; Sodium bicarbonate	Animalia; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901928798	The effect of workforce diversity on organizational performance of selected firms in Nigeria	Ogbo A.I., Anthony K.A., Ukpere W.I.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	10 SPEC. ISSUE	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n10p231	Department of Management, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria; Department of Industrial Psychology and people Management, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa	Ogbo, A.I., Department of Management, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria; Anthony, K.A., Department of Management, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria; Ukpere, W.I., Department of Industrial Psychology and people Management, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa	Workforce diversity includes the differences and similarities of the employees. Organizational performance is the extent to which the organizational objectives and goals are being achieved. Most business organizations fail in Nigeria because galvanizing diverse workforce to work as a team has been ineffective in terms of policy, training, exposure and approach to specific and overall goals. This has made profitability index difficult to measure in Nigeria. The objectives of the paper are: To determine whether workforce diversity has a positive influence on customer related issues; and to ascertain the effect of education as a tool, on the management of workforce diversity to enhance high profitability index. Findings revealed that workforce diversity has a positive effect on customer related issues in an organisation. In addition, it is found that education as a tool could be effectively utilized in managing workforce diversity to enhance high profitability. Workforce Diversity has been identified as a tool to improved organizational performance and has been as old as the first organization in Nigeria right from the barter system era of the early 1750 and at the industrial revolution and scientific management periods of 1911 to the modern epoch. A combination of the use of secondary data, oral interview, and content analysis was adopted. A spearman's rank correlation coefficient of 0.95 was obtained. Findings in line with the objectives revealed positive influence of workforce diversity on organizational performance of the selected organisations in Nigeria. Conclusion and recommendation was drawn along that regard.	Diversity; Managing; Organizational performance; Workforce	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857278129	Evaluation of orally administered calcium carbonate and zinc sulphate on the gastrointestinal absorption of lead acetate in cattle	Verster R.S.	2011	Life Science Journal	8	SUPPL. 2	None	Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Northwest University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa	Verster, R.S., Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Northwest University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa	Lead is one of the most frequently observed heavy metal toxicoses in domestic animals, especially cattle. The objective of the study was to test the effect of calcium carbonate and zinc sulphate on the absorption of lead acetate in cows, when the lead and minerals were both administered orally. In study 1, experimental cows were dosed with lead acetate at 2 mg/kg plus calcium carbonate at 50 mg/kg, while control cows received only lead acetate at 2 mg/kg. During study 2, experimental steers received zinc sulphate at.2 mg/kg and lead acetate at 2 mg/kg, while the control steers received lead acetate at 2 mg/kg. Blood samples were taken in heparin tubes from the jugular vein at 0, 3 and 6 hours post-dosing. Blood lead concentrations were then determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, using the graphite furnace method. The results indicated that both minerals decreased the absorption of lead acetate in cows after 3 hours and the effect was sustained at 6 hours. The recommendation to farmers is to provide supplementary minerals to animals in areas with high risk of lead poisoning.	Competitive absorption; Copper sulphate; Lead acetate; Mineral-lead interaction; Preventative nutrition	Animalia; Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76849109526	Performance and economic benefit of broilers fed palm kernel cake-based diet supplemented with probiotic	Ezema C., Eze D.C.	2009	International Journal of Poultry Science	8	10	10.3923/ijps.2009.1003.1005	Department of Animal Heath and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Ezema, C., Department of Animal Heath and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Eze, D.C., Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	This study investigated the weight gain performance and economic benefit of probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation in PKC based broiler diet. The ideal level of inclusion for optimum broiler productivity was also determined. A total of 140 broiler chicks were randomly distributed into seven groups of 20 birds each. Each group was subdivided into four replicates of five birds each. Groups 1-5 were placed on experimental diet made of 70% basal diet and 30% PKC. Groups 1-4 had probiotic (yeast) supplement at levels of 0.4 gm yeast/kg, 0.8 gm yeast/kg, 1.2 gm yeast/kg and 1.6 gm yeast/kg of feed respectively. Group 5 had no yeast (control 1). Group 6 had no PKC but had yeast (1.2 gm yeast/kg diet). Group 7 had no PKC and no yeast (control 2). All the groups were fed ad libitum. Daily feed intake and weekly weight gain were determined. The duration of the study was 10 weeks. There was no significant difference in feed intake. All the supplemented groups (groups 1-4 and 6) had higher weight gain and higher feed efficiency than the controls (groups 5 and 7). Group 2 had mean weight gain of 2.695±0.086 kg/bird which was significantly heavier (p<0.05) than the rest. Group 2 performed significantly better than others in weight gain and efficiency of feed utilization. The cost of feed to produce 1 kg live weight gain was cheapest in group 2 (N87.62/kg) and most costly in group 7 (N138.83/kg). Probiotic inclusion level of 0.8 gm yeast/kg diet was therefore recommended for optimum broiler production and maximum economic gain. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2009.	Broiler; Economic benefit; Probiotic; Weight gain	Aves; Saccharomyces cerevisiae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877353707	First evaluation of unfermented and fermented rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) in preventing lipid oxidation in meat products	Cullere M., Hoffman L.C., Dalle Zotte A.	2013	Meat Science	95	1	10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.04.018	Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Western Cape, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa	Cullere, M., Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy; Hoffman, L.C., Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Western Cape, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa; Dalle Zotte, A., Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy	This study consisted of two trials aiming to evaluate, for the first time, the antioxidant potential of rooibos in meat products. With this purpose, the first trial evaluated three unfermented (green) rooibos forms (dried leaves, water extract, freeze-dried extract) added at 2% inclusion level to ostrich meat patties on an 8-day shelf-life trial. A Control group without green rooibos inclusion was also considered. The second trial evaluated the addition of different concentrations (0%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1%) of a fermented rooibos extract to nitrite-free ostrich salami. The 2% green rooibos inclusion considerably lowered the TBARS content of ostrich patties, in this way extending their shelf-life. The fermented form (0.5% and 1%) was also effective in delaying lipid oxidation in ostrich salami until 15 days of ripening. The antioxidant potential of both green and fermented forms of rooibos in meat products was confirmed, even if its effect on lipid oxidation requires further study and long-term effects are not yet fully understood. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Lipid oxidation; Ostrich meat; Rooibos; Salami; TBARS	Lipid oxidation; Ostrich meats; Rooibos; Salami; TBARS; Oxidation; Meats; antioxidant; plant extract; thiobarbituric acid reactive substance; animal; article; Aspalathus; chemistry; color; drug effect; fermentation; lipid metabolism; meat; ostrich; oxidation reduction reaction; pH; plant leaf; analysis; Aspalathus; drug effects; lipid metabolism; meat; oxidation reduction reaction; Animals; Antioxidants; Aspalathus; Color; Fermentation; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lipid Metabolism; Meat Products; Oxidation-Reduction; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Struthioniformes; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; Animals; Antioxidants; Aspalathus; Color; Fermentation; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lipid Metabolism; Meat Products; Oxidation-Reduction; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Struthioniformes; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868622336	Effect of cottonseed oilcake inclusion on ostrich growth performance and meat chemical composition	Dalle Zotte A., Brand T.S., Hoffman L.C., Schoon K., Cullere M., Swart R.	2013	Meat Science	93	2	10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.08.027	Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy; Elsenburg Institute for Animal Production, Western Cape, Department of Agriculture, Private Bag XI, Elsenburg 7606, South Africa; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Western Cape, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa	Dalle Zotte, A., Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy; Brand, T.S., Elsenburg Institute for Animal Production, Western Cape, Department of Agriculture, Private Bag XI, Elsenburg 7606, South Africa, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Western Cape, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa; Hoffman, L.C., Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Western Cape, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa; Schoon, K., Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Western Cape, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa; Cullere, M., Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy; Swart, R., Elsenburg Institute for Animal Production, Western Cape, Department of Agriculture, Private Bag XI, Elsenburg 7606, South Africa	This study investigated the effect of replacing dietary soybean oilcake meal with increasing levels of cottonseed oilcake meal (CSOCM) on the growth performance and meat (Iliofibularis muscle) chemical composition of ostriches in order to decrease total feed costs. A total of 105 ostriches were divided into five feeding groups according to the CSOCM inclusion level in the whole diet: Control (0% CSOCM), 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% CSOCM (of the whole diet), and fed with experimental diets from 6 to 13. months of age. As a result of feeding CSOCM, the final live weight and the average daily gain significantly increased in the 12% CSOCM group. The proximate composition, cholesterol content, mineral and fatty acid profile of the meat remained unaffected. Thus CSOCM may be used as an alternative protein source to the more expensive soybean oilcake meal in ostrich nutrition. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	Cottonseed oilcake; Feeding; Growth performance; Meat quality; Ostrich	Chemical compositions; Cholesterol content; Cottonseed oilcake; Fatty acid profiles; Feeding group; Growth performance; Meat quality; Ostrich; Protein sources; Proximate compositions; Feeding; Meats; Nutrition; Oilseeds; Glycine max; Micropus; Struthioniformes; cholesterol; cotton seed oil; fatty acid; trace element; animal; animal food; article; body composition; body weight; diet; food quality; growth, development and aging; meat; metabolism; ostrich; soybean; statistical model; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Body Composition; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Cottonseed Oil; Diet; Fatty Acids; Food Quality; Linear Models; Meat; Soybeans; Struthioniformes; Trace Elements	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052006740	Performance, yolk lipid, egg organoleptic properties and haematological parameters of laying hens fed cholestyramine and garlic oil	Ademola S.G., Sikiru A.B., Akinwumi O., Olaniyi O.F., Egbewande O.O.	2011	Global Veterinaria	6	6	None	Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechn, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, IBB University, Lapai, Nigeria	Ademola, S.G., Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechn, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Sikiru, A.B., Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechn, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Akinwumi, O., Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechn, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Olaniyi, O.F., Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechn, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Egbewande, O.O., Department of Animal Science, IBB University, Lapai, Nigeria	Abstract: This study investigated the effect of dietary garlic oil and cholestryamine at varying concentrations on performance, yolk lipids, cost-benefit ratio, organoleptic assessment of eggs and haematological parameters of laying hens. A 2x2 factorial arrangement of the two supplements under completely randomised design was used for the experiment. The inclusion levels of garlic oil were 100 and 200mg/kg, whereas cholestryamine were at 50 and 1 OOmg/kg. The results showed that laying performance was not compromised except for the reduced egg weight for hens fed supplemented diets. Addition of garlic oil and cholestryamine to layer diet did not significantly influence shell weight and shell thickness. Garlic oil significantly (P<0.02) reduced yolk cholesterol with hens fed 1 OOmg/kg garlic oil had lower yolk cholesterol than those fed 200mg/kg garlic oil. Significant interactive influence of both supplements reduced yolk triacylglycerol. Inclusion of the supplements in layer diet increased feed cost, but lowered profit in terms of naira per kilogramme and naira per tray. Improved egg organoleptic evaluation was observed by consumers fed eggs of hens containing the supplements. White blood cells of hens fed garlic oil were significantly increased. © IDOSI Publications, 2011.	Cholestryamine; Feed cost; Garlic oil; Oik cholesterol; Profit; White blood cells	Allium sativum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859166968	Performance and organ weights of laying hens fed diets containing graded levels of sun-dried cocoa bean shell (CBS)	Emiola I.A., Ojebiyi O.O., Akande T.O.	2011	International Journal of Poultry Science	10	12	None	Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	Emiola, I.A., Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Ojebiyi, O.O., Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Akande, T.O., Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	Response of laying hens fed different levels of cocoa bean shell (CBS) was investigated using eighty 18-weeks old shaver Brown pullets in a six weeks feeding trial. Five rations were formulated by addition of 0, 15, 20, 25 and 30% cocoa bean shell and allocated to five groups of bird (16 birds/group) in a completely randomized design of experiment. Each group was further subdivided into eight replicates of 2 birds per replicate. The control diet was a maize-soybean meal based diet formulated to meet the nutrient requirement of a laying bird with no sun-dried cocoa bean shell (CBS), diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 contained 15, 20, 25 and 30 percent sun-dried cocoa been shell, respectively. Compared with the control diet, average daily feed intake (ADFI), egg production per bird per week as well as percent hen day production (HDP, %) were lower in diet 2 (15% CBS) (P < 0.05). Increasing the level of CBS from 0 to 30% in the diets resulted in linear decreases in ADFI, egg production per week and percent HDP (P < 0.05). Intake of theobromine increased with increasing level of inclusion of cocoa bean shell in the diets. The weights of the spleen, kidney and ovary were similar in birds fed the control diet, diet 2 (15% CBS) and diet 3 (20% CBS) (P > 0.05). However, the weights of the spleen, kidney and ovary were depressed in birds fed diets 4 (25%) and 5 (30%) compared with those that received the control diet (P<0.05). The weights of the liver, spleen, kidney and ovary were significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by addition of sun-dried CBS. It was concluded that cocoa been shell cannot be included in the layers diet up to 15%, a lower level might be tolerated. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2011.	Cocoa been shell; Feed intake; Percent hen day; Pullets; Theobromine	Aves; Glycine max; Theobroma cacao; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859206874	Effects of roxazyme G® and maxigrain® on performance, egg quality, cost-benefit and haematological parameters of laying hens fed wheat offal, corn bran and brewery dry grain diets	Ademola S.G., Egbewande O.O., Lawal T.E., Isah A.T., Kuranga S.M.	2012	International Journal of Poultry Science	11	1	None	Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science and Fisheries Mg, Bowen Univer	Ademola, S.G., Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Egbewande, O.O., Department of Animal Science, Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria; Lawal, T.E., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries Mg, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria; Isah, A.T., Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Kuranga, S.M., Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	The study examined effects of supplementing Roxazyme G® and Maxigrain® to wheat offal-, corn bran-and brewery dry grain-based diets on the performance, haematological parameters and economy of production in laying hens. Both enzymes were added to these 3 diets at 100 mg/kg, while control group was neither supplemented with Roxazyme G® nor Maxigrain®. The results showed that hens fed Roxazyme G® corn bran diets had the best feed conversion and maximum profit. Maxigrain® also significantly improved hen day production and egg weight of hens fed Brewery Dry Grain (BDG) than those fed Roxazyme G® BDG diet. Laying hens fed BDG diets had the lowest profits. Both enzymes failed to improve the performance and profits of hens fed Wheat Offal (WO) diet. Improvements in Red Blood Cells (RBC) for hens fed both enzyme supplemented diets were observed. Interactive effects of enzyme type and fibre source significantly (p<0.01) influence RBCs, PCV and white blood cells. The study revealed that Roxazyme G® and Maxigrain® should be added to respectively CB-and BDG-diets for improved laying performance. However, these enzymes failed to improve the laying performance of hens fed WO diet. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2012.	Brewery dry grain; Corn bran; Performance; Profit; Wheat offal	Triticum aestivum; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84869812275	Nutritional evaluation of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) peel meal improved by rumen filtrate fermentation on the performance of growing rabbits	Ojebiyi O.O., Aderinola O.A., Adejobi A., Ayangbenro A.O.	2012	Tropical Agriculture	89	3	None	Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Oyo State, Nigeria	Ojebiyi, O.O., Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Oyo State, Nigeria; Aderinola, O.A., Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Oyo State, Nigeria; Adejobi, A., Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Oyo State, Nigeria; Ayangbenro, A.O., Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Oyo State, Nigeria	In an effort to expand the knowledge base on the use of non conventional feedstuff in rabbit nutrition, the nutritional potential and the cost effectiveness of using cassava peels fermented with rumen filtrate (enhanced cassava peel) for 21 days was investigated using twenty four (24) growing crossbred rabbits of mixed sexes and with a mean body weight of 506.8 ± 6.0g (mean ± SD). The rabbits were divided into three (3) treatment groups of eight (8) rabbits each with each rabbit serving as a replicate in a completely randomized design experiment. The control group was fed with a diet containing maize as the energy source while the remaining two groups were fed with diets in which the maize was replaced with 50% and 100% enhanced cassava peel meals(ECPM) respectively. Final weight and daily weight gain were similar (P > 0.05) in rabbits fed maize-based control and those fed diet containing 50% enhanced cassava peel meal (ECPM). The weights of the rabbits on 100%ECPM were also similar (P>0.05) to the control although lower (P < 0.05) than 50% ECPM. Diet 3 (100% ECPM) had the least cost (204.44) per kilogramme weight gain while the control had the highest (301.97). All the relative organ weights, except the heart, were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the dietary treatments. It was concluded that fermenting sun dried cassava peels with rumen filtrate for 21 days had a high potential as a possible replacement for maize in rabbit diet. The use of this agricultural by-product can reduce the cost of rabbit production, increase the availability of cheaper animal protein for the populace, generate higher profit margins for the livestock farmer and reduce environmental pollution. © 2012 Trop. Agric. (Trinidad).	Cassava peels; Fermentation; Performance; Rabbits; Rumen filtrate	Animalia; Manihot esculenta; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899459491	Effects of feeding bovine rumen content-blood meal (50:50) mixtures on performance and slaughter characteristics of growing rabbits	Ojebiyi O.O., Saliu A.S.	2014	Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences	24	2	None	Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, PMB 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	Ojebiyi, O.O., Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, PMB 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Saliu, A.S., Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, PMB 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	The synergistic effects of combining bovine rumen content-blood meal (50:50) (BRC-BM) mixtures on the performance characteristics and nutrient digestibility of growing rabbits was investigated in a 12 week feeding experiment. The mixture replaced palm kernel cake and groundnut cake of the control at 10 and 20% levels. Thirty (30) cross-bred growing rabbits with average initial weights of 521.3-524.5 ±85.10 g were divided into three treatment groups of ten (10) rabbits each. Each rabbit served as a replicate in a complete randomized design experiment. The three groups were assigned to the three dietary treatments as T1 (control) - 0% Rumen content/ blood meal mixture (50:50), T2 (RB 10)- 10% Rumen content/ blood meal mixture (50:50) and T3 (RB 20) -20% Rumen content/ blood meal mixture (50:50). The final weight of rabbits on RB10 (1916g) was higher (P<0.05) compared with the control (1715g) and RB20 (1700.g) treatments. Similarly the average daily weight gain of rabbits on RB10 (16.2) was higher (P<0.05) compared with the control (11.8g) and RB20 (12.4g). The average daily feed intake of rabbits in RB10 and RB 20 (87.29g) and (85.50g) respectively was higher (P<0.05) compared to the control (82.84g). The cost per kg gain was lower (P<0.05) in the RB10 compared with control and RB20 treatments. The digestibility of nutrients was not affected (P>0.05) by the dietary treatment. The dressing percentage, relative heart and spleen weights were not affected (P>0.05) by the dietary treatments; however, liver, lungs and kidney were affected (P<0.05). The relative kidney weights of rabbits on control diet 0.43 was lower (p<0.05) than 0.49 and 0.62 for RB10 and RB20 respectively. In a similar pattern the liver weights increased (p<0.05) as the level of inclusion increases. The relative lung weights of rabbits in RB10 (0.59) and RB20 (0.60) are similar (P>0.05) but higher (p<0.05) than 0.45 of the control. Experiment concluded that bovine rumen content-blood meal mixtures (BRC-BM) can replace 10% of palm kernel cake and groundnut cake in growing rabbit diets without adverse effect on growth performance, reduce the production cost and environmental pollution and the attendant impact on climate.	Bovine rumen-blood content; Digestibility; Final weights; Growing rabbits; Organ weights	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-47749090948	Performance of weaner rabbits fed graded levels of yam and sweet potato peel meal in place of maize-based diet	Akinmutimi A.H., Anakebe O.C.	2008	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	7	5	10.3923/pjn.2008.700.704	Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria	Akinmutimi, A.H., Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Anakebe, O.C., Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria	Performance of weaner rabbits fed graded levels of yam and sweet potato peel meal in place of maize based diet was investigated using 20 weaner rabbits of average weight of 389 ± 55g. They were randomly allofted to 5 dietary treatment groups having 2 replicates with 2 rabbits per replicate in a completely randomized design. Diet I was maize based and served as control diet. The test ingredients replaced maize at 20%, 30% 40% and 50% in diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. The yam and sweet potato peel meals were combined in ratio 3:2. Each diet was offered ad libitum for a period of 56 days. The proximate composition and gross energy (G E) of the test ingredients are as follows: DM (89.74, 89.61), crude protein (6.34, 11.1) ether extract (1.3, 1.3), crude fibre (0.36, 7.20) ash (4.58, 10.17), nitrogen free extract (70.39, 77.13), and gross energy (3.21, 2.98). The anti-nutritional factors of the test ingredients are as follows: Tannin (0.60, 0.22 %), saponin (0.90, 0.67%), trypsin inhibitors (0.00, 0.00) and phytate (0.94, 0.74%). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) for all the growth parameters considered except for feed intake. The values significantly (P<0.05) increased as the quantity of the test ingredients increased. The feed conversion ratio values (7.9900,7.2900, 7.4150, 6.5600 and 7.6550) numerically favoured diet 4. Carcass characteristics values showed significant difference for percentage dressed weight and drumstick only. The percentage dressed weight for all the treatment groups fell within the normal range of dressing percentage at rabbits. The drumstick values (4.7400, 5.0000, 7.4100, 7.6900 and 7.1400) favoured diet 4 among others. The weight of organs showed no significant difference among treatment groups except for the heart, values of which did not follow any specific pattern that could be attributed to the effect of the test ingredients. Biochemical values showed no significant difference except for the value of total protein; this and other biochemical parameters (total protein, urea, creatinine and alkaline phosphatase) fall within the normal range of biochemical indices for rabbits. Gross margin values (N780.6000, N1070.7350, N1061.0100, N1260.1430, N1148.0800) favoured diet 4 among others. Judging from growth performance, carcass characteristics, organ weights, biochemical indices and economics of the diet, diet 4 is recommended. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008.	Graded levels; Maize-based diet; Performance; Weaner rabbits; Yam and sweet potato meal	alkaline phosphatase; creatinine; ether; nitrogen; phytate; protein; saponin; tannin; trypsin inhibitor; urea; animal food; animal husbandry; article; ash; caloric intake; carcass; controlled study; feeding behavior; female; food composition; food intake; maize; male; nonhuman; nutritional value; organ weight; protein content; rabbit; rabbit meat; sweet potato; weight gain; yam; Dioscorea alata; Ipomoea batatas; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960734506	Performance and nutrient utilization of growing rabbits fed graded levels of raw Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranean (L.) Verde] offal diets	Amaefule K.U., Mbonu U.E., Amaka V.	2011	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	10	5	10.3923/pjn.2011.463.469	Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture,Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Amaefule, K.U., Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture,Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Mbonu, U.E., Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture,Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Amaka, V., Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture,Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Performance and nutrient utilization of growing rabbits (N=30) fed graded levels of raw Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranean (L.) Verde] offal (BGO) diets were determined in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). There were five treatments each replicated three times with two rabbits per replicate. The inclusion levels of BGO in the diets were 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%. Measurements were live weight, weight gain, feed and nutrient intakes, feed conversion ratio, feed cost and carcass quality. Also measured were nutrients voided, nutrient retention and apparent digestibility coefficient of nutrients. Results showed that 15% BGO diet improved daily weight gain (19.16 g), final live weight (1.18 kg), feed conversion ratio (2.56) and lowered cost per kg live weight gain (Naira 76.55) of rabbits than other diets. Increased level of BGO in the diets resulted in a significant (p<0.05) decrease in total feed cost. Rabbits fed 20% BGO diet had higher CP (18.92 g) and CF (11.31 g) intakes, significantly (p<0.05) higher faecal DM (98.58 g), OM (88.97 g) and faecal nitrogen (0.04 g) than rabbits fed other diets. The diet of 20% BGO also depressed coefficient of apparent digestibility of ether extract (85.28%), CF (65.80%), crude ash and NFE (89.54%) compared to other diets. It was concluded that growing rabbits could be fed diets containing up to 15% BGO to enhance daily weight gain and reduce feed cost, which would not adversely affect nutrient intake, coefficient of apparent digestibility and nutrient utilization. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2011.	Bambara groundnut offal; Nutrient utilization; Performance; Rabbits	nitrogen; animal experiment; article; ash; body growth; body weight; carcass; controlled study; cost; dietary fiber; dietary intake; digestion; feeding; female; food intake; food preservation; male; nonhuman; nutrient uptake; peanut; protein intake; rabbit; randomization; weight gain; Bambara; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Vigna subterranea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953767099	Effect of dietary inclusion of Discarded Beetroot and Potato Hash Silage on growth performance and digestibility in South African Dorper lambs	Nkosi B.D., Ratsaka M.M.	2010	Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances	9	4	10.3923/javaa.2010.853.856	Department of Animal Nutrition, ARC-LBD, Animal Production Institute, South Africa	Nkosi, B.D., Department of Animal Nutrition, ARC-LBD, Animal Production Institute, South Africa; Ratsaka, M.M., Department of Animal Nutrition, ARC-LBD, Animal Production Institute, South Africa	Experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary inclusion of Discarded Beetroot (DB) and Potato Hash Silage (PHS) on the growth performance of South African Dorper lambs. Potato hash silage was produced in 210/drums for 3 months and its fermentation characteristics were determined. Diets that contained no agro-industrial by-product (T,), DB (T2) or DB in combination with PHS (T3) were formulated and fed to 24 lambs of 24.5±0.275 kg body weight (8 per treatment). The PHS was poorly fermented as indicated by lower concentrations of lactic acid, higher butyric and ammonia-N. Higher (p<0.05) Dry Matter Intake (DM!) was obtained in 1l diet compared to the others. Lambs on diet T3 had lower (p<0.05) ADG than those fed the other diets. Improved (p<0.05) digestibility of CP was obtained in T1 and T2. It was concluded that dietary addition of poorly fermented potato hash silage resulted in lower ADG. Further research on the effect of dietary inclusion of high quality potato hash silage on ruminant performance is needed. © Medwell Journals, 2010.	Agro-industrial by-products; Discarded beetroot; Fermentation; Lambs; Potato hash	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941748654	Interaction effect of whole wheat feeding and mannanoligosaccharides supplementation on growth performance, haematological indices and caecal microbiota of cockerel chicks	Oso A.O., Erinle O.Y., William G.A., Ogunade A.C.	2015	Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition	99	5	10.1111/jpn.12314	Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, Nigeria	Oso, A.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, Nigeria; Erinle, O.Y., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, Nigeria; William, G.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, Nigeria; Ogunade, A.C., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, Nigeria	The interaction effect of whole wheat feeding and mannanoligosaccharides supplementation on growth performance, haematological indices and caecal microbiota of cockerel chicks were investigated using 250-day-old cockerel chicks previously reared for 7 days pre-experimental period. Birds were fed with commercial chick mash during the pre-experimental period. At the expiration of this period, 192 chicks were selected on weight equalization basis and assigned into 24 pens. Each treatment consisted of six pens, while each pen housed eight birds. Four wheat-soya bean-based experimental diets were formulated in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of diets having two wheat forms (ground and whole wheat grain) each supplemented or not with 1 g/kg MOS/kg feed. Whole wheat feeding (irrespective of MOS supplementation) showed reduced (p < 0.05) feed intake. Birds fed whole wheat diet supplemented with MOS recorded the highest (p < 0.01) final live weight, weight gain and the best (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio. Haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and red blood cell count of the chicks were not affected (p > 0.05) by dietary treatment. However, dietary supplementation with MOS resulted in increased (p < 0.05) WBC counts. The caecum content of chicks fed with MOS-supplemented whole wheat diets recorded the least (p < 0.01) salmonella counts. In conclusion, combination of whole wheat feeding and MOS supplementation showed improved growth performance, gut microbiota and indications of improved health status of cockerel chicks. © 2015 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.	Caecal microbiota; Cockerel chicks; Haematological indices; Mannanoligosaccharides; Whole wheat feeding	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925543842	Performance of weaner rabbits fed a concentrate diet supplemented with pawpaw leaves	Aderinboye R.Y., Oladeji O.T., Abaire M.A., Sobayo R.A., Oso A.O., Oni A.O., Yusuf K.O., Osho S.O., Bamgbose A.M.	2014	Tropical Animal Health and Production	47	2	10.1007/s11250-014-0723-1	Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Aderinboye, R.Y., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Oladeji, O.T., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Abaire, M.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Sobayo, R.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Oso, A.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Oni, A.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Yusuf, K.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Osho, S.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Bamgbose, A.M., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	This experiment investigated the performance of weaner rabbits fed concentrate diets supplemented with pawpaw leaves (PPL). Twenty-four male weaner rabbits aged 5 weeks, weighing between 350 and 450 g were used. Concentrate diet was supplemented with PPL in ratios 100:0, 70:30, 50:50 and 30:70. Rabbits were randomly allotted to the four diets in a completely randomised design for 8 weeks, with six rabbits per diet. Results showed that rabbits supplemented with 30 and 50 % PPL had higher (P < 0.05) dry matter intake to sole concentrate. At 70 % PPL, dry matter intake did not vary with other treatments. Weight gain was higher (P < 0.05) in rabbits fed 30 and 50 % PPL than sole concentrate. Rabbits fed 70 % PPL had lower (P < 0.05) weight gain to animals fed 30 % PPL but gained similarly (P > 0.05) to those fed on 50 % PPL and sole concentrate. Feed conversion ratio improved (P < 0.05) in animals fed 30, 50 and 70 % PPL. Rabbits fed 30 % PPL had the highest (P < 0.05) protein efficiency ratio. Rabbits had higher dry matter digestibility (P < 0.05) with PPL supplementation than sole concentrate while crude protein and fibre digestibility was higher with 30 and 50 % PPL. Haematological and serum parameters in rabbits were unaltered with feeding PPL. It is concluded that weaner rabbits can utilise PPL as supplement to concentrate diet at 30 to 70 % dry matter with positive responses in performance and nutrient digestibility without deleterious effect on the physiological status of the rabbits. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Concentrate; Feed conversion; Haematology; Pawpaw leaves; Rabbit; Supplement	animal; animal food; Asimina; diet supplementation; male; plant leaf; rabbit; randomization; weaning; weight gain; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Asimina; Dietary Supplements; Male; Plant Leaves; Rabbits; Random Allocation; Weaning; Weight Gain	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84890856110	Effect of combination of whole millet feeding and mannan oligossaccharides supplementation on growth performance, serum biochemistry and relative organ weights of growing guinea fowl (Numidia meleagris)	Oso A.O., Williams G.A., Jegede A.V., Sobayo R.A., Idowu O.M.O., Fafiolu A.O., Sogunle O.M., Akinola O.S., Adeleye O.O., Olorunsola I.A.R., Ogunade I.M., Osho S.O., Obadire F.O., Bamgbose A.M.	2014	Livestock Science	159	1	10.1016/j.livsci.2013.10.020	Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production and Health, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal	Oso, A.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Williams, G.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Jegede, A.V., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Sobayo, R.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Idowu, O.M.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Fafiolu, A.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Sogunle, O.M., Department of Animal Production and Health, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Akinola, O.S., Department of Animal Production and Health, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Adeleye, O.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Olorunsola, I.A.R., Faculty of Science, Ondo State University of Science and Technology, Ondo, Nigeria; Ogunade, I.M., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Osho, S.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Obadire, F.O., Faculty of Agricultural Science, Federal University of Jigawa, Dutse, Nigeria; Bamgbose, A.M., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	A 84-day study was conducted to determine the effect of combination of whole millet feeding and mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) supplementation on growth performance, serum biochemistry and relative organ weights of growing guinea fowl. 192 One-day-old, male guinea fowls were randomly allocated to four treatment groups of 48 guinea fowl split over six replicates of eight birds. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2×2 factorial arrangements of two diet forms (whole millet diets (WMD) and completely ground diets (CGD)) supplemented with and without 1. g/kg MOS. WMD contained similar feed ingredients as CGD except that certain quantity of millet grains (150. g/kg for 1-29 days and 450. g/kg for 29-84 days birds) were progressively removed and fed whole for WMD-fed group. Birds fed WMD had reduced (P<0.05) feed intake and improved (P<0.05) feed to gain ratio when compared to group fed CGD. Supplementation of MOS in diets for growing guinea fowl (29-84 days) notwithstanding the feed form resulted in increased (P<0.05) total serum protein, reduced (P<0.01) serum uric acid and cholesterol concentration. Birds fed WMD had higher (P<0.05) gizzard and thymus weights while dietary supplementation of MOS showed reduced (P<0.05) liver weights and increased (P<0.05) spleen weight. It was concluded that whole millet feeding when combined with MOS supplementation in growing guinea fowls showed improved growth performance, gizzard development, serum chemistry and positive influence on organ weights. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Growth performance; Mannan oligosaccharides; Relative organ weight; Serum biochemistry; Whole millet diet	Aves; Galliformes; Numida meleagris	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860612173	Effect of dietary monensin inclusion on performance, nutrient utilisation, rumen volatile fatty acid concentration and blood status of West African dwarf bucks fed with basal diets of forages	Aderinboye R.Y., Onwuka C.F.I., Arigbede O.M., Oduguwa O.O., Aina A.B.J.	2012	Tropical Animal Health and Production	44	5	10.1007/s11250-011-0043-7	Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Pasture and Range Management, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Uni	Aderinboye, R.Y., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Onwuka, C.F.I., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Arigbede, O.M., Department of Pasture and Range Management, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Oduguwa, O.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Aina, A.B.J., Department of Animal Production and Health, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	This experiment investigated the effect of dietary monensin on performance, nutrient utilisation, rumen volatile fatty acid and blood status in West African dwarf (WAD) goats fed with basal diets of forages. Four concentrate supplements were formulated to include 0 (MO), 15 (M15), 30 (M30) and 45 (M45) mg monensin/kg dry matter. Twenty-four WAD bucks (7.3 ± 1.20 kg initial body weight, aged 9-12 months) were randomly allotted to four experimental diets in a completely randomised design for 90 days, six animals per diet. Results indicated that animals fed M15, M30 and M45 diets had lower (P < 0.01) dry matter and water intake than those fed M0 diet. Crude protein and neutral detergent fibre intakes by the bucks followed similar trend. Animals on M15, M30 and M45 had better (P < 0.001) feed and protein efficiency ratio than those fed M0 diet. Rumen pH and total volatile fatty acid concentration were maintained (P > 0.05) while monensin decreased (P < 0.001) acetate/propionate ratio. Blood glucose increased (P < 0.001) from 59.1 mg/dl in animals on M0 diet to 67.8, 66.0 and 66.3 mg/dl in animals on M15, M30 and M45 diets. Overall, there were no variations among animals on M15, M30 and M45 diets. It is concluded that feeding monensin at 15 to 45 mg/kg DM of supplemental concentrate diets to West African dwarf bucks could be effective in improving feed and protein efficiency, manipulating the rumen for increased propionate production and increasing blood glucose levels. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Goats; Haematology; Intake; Monensin; Volatile fatty acids; Weight gain	monensin; volatile fatty acid; animal; animal disease; animal food; animal husbandry; article; blood; blood analysis; chemistry; diet; digestion; feces; goat; growth, development and aging; male; metabolism; Nigeria; randomization; ruminant stomach; Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Blood Chemical Analysis; Diet; Digestion; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Feces; Goats; Male; Monensin; Nigeria; Random Allocation; Rumen; Animalia; Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891556563	Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum metabolites, gut morphology, and microflora of growing guinea fowl	Oso A.O., Awe A.W., Awosoga F.G., Bello F.A., Akinfenwa T.A., Ogunremi E.B.	2013	Tropical Animal Health and Production	45	8	10.1007/s11250-013-0430-3	Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Oso, A.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Awe, A.W., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Awosoga, F.G., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Bello, F.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Akinfenwa, T.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Ogunremi, E.B., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of dried ginger meal (DGM) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum parameters, gut morphology, and microflora of growing helmeted guinea fowl (Numidia meleagris). One hundred sixty 28-day-old male keets were assigned to four dietary treatments. There were 40 birds per treatment replicated four times with 10 keets each. The experimental diets consisted of the basal diet (control), ginger-supplemented diets containing 20, 40, and 60 g/kg DGM, respectively. Guinea fowls fed diet supplemented with DGM had higher (P &lt;0.05) final body weight, body weight gain and lower (P &lt;0.05) feed intake. Optimum weight gain was obtained with supplementation level of 36.15-g DGM (R 2 = 0.923). Guinea fowls fed diet supplemented with 40 g/kg DGM recorded the highest (P &lt;0.05) coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility of dry matter, ether extract and longest (P &lt;0.05) duodenal and ileal villus heights. The crypt depth of the duodenum and ileum reduced (P &lt;0.05) with increasing level of dietary supplementation of DGM. Dietary supplementation of DGM resulted in increased (P &lt;0.05) total serum protein, serum albumin and low (P &lt;0.05) serum cholesterol concentration. Ileum content of birds fed diet supplemented with 40 g/kg DGM recorded the highest (P &lt;0.05) lactobacillus count. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 40-g DGM per kilogram diet is hereby recommended for improved growth, apparent nutrient digestibility, gut morphology, serum chemistry, and stimulation of balanced intestinal microflora in growing guinea fowl. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Dried ginger meal; Gut morphology and microflora; Helmeted guinea fowl; Serum metabolites concentration	Aves; Galliformes; Lactobacillus; Numida meleagris; Zingiber officinale; alanine aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; aspartate aminotransferase; cholesterol; creatinine; globulin; serum albumin; uric acid; animal; animal disease; article; bacterial count; blood; cytochemistry; diet supplementation; digestion; Galliformes; gastrointestinal tract; ginger; growth, development and aging; male; metabolism; microbiology; physiology; regression analysis; ultrastructure; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Cholesterol; Colony Count, Microbial; Creatinine; Dietary Supplements; Digestion; Galliformes; Gastrointestinal Tract; Ginger; Globulins; Histocytochemistry; Male; Regression Analysis; Serum Albumin; Uric Acid	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959323429	Effects of zinc supplementation on laying performance, serum chemistry and Zn residue in tibia bone, liver, excreta and egg shell of laying hens	Idowu O.M.O., Ajuwon R.O., Oso A.O., Akinloye O.A.	2011	International Journal of Poultry Science	10	3	10.3923/ijps.2011.225.230	Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technol	Idowu, O.M.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Ajuwon, R.O., Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville Campus, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Oso, A.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Akinloye, O.A., Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	The effect of different sources of Zinc (Zn) in the diets of laying birds was investigated in a 10 weeks trial. Diets were formulated to include Zinc Oxide (ZnO), Zinc Sulphate (ZnSO4), Zinc Carbonate (ZnCO3) and Zinc Proteinate (ZnP) in which Zn in each diet was supplied at 140 mgKg-' diet. Responses measured included performance, some serum biochemistry, Zn residues in tibia bone, liver, excreta and egg shell. Significant (p<0.05) differences were recorded among the treatment means in final body weight, feed intake, egg production and feed conversion ratio. Birds fed control diet significantly (p<0.05) consumed more feed than the birds on ZnP and other inorganic Zn sources. Birds on ZnP supplemented diet recorded significantly (p<0.05) higher egg production, this was however similar to the group fed ZnSO4 supplemented diet. Egg qualities were not significantly (p>0.05) different due to Zn sources except HU values. Serum glucose, SGPT and creatinine concentrations did not vary (p>0.05) due to Zn sources while serum protein, uric acid, SGOT and serum Zn concentrations were consistently lowered (p<0.05) in the control group. Birds on ZnP supplemented diet showed marked significant (p<0.05) difference in the value of Zn residue in tibia bone, liver and excreta of the chickens. The values of the stress indicators were consistently more pronounced in the control group than birds on Zn supplemented diets. For better laying performance, higher Zn retention and alleviation of stress, 140 ppm of Zn in bioplex form (Zn proteinate) was recommended for laying chickens in the tropics. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2011.	Laying hens; Residues; Zinc salts	Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77649340615	Effects of feeding different levels of dried cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) based concentrates with Panicum maximum basal on the performance of growing West African Dwarf goats	Oni A.O., Arigbede O.M., Oni O.O., Onwuka C.F.I., Anele U.Y., Oduguwa B.O., Yusuf K.O.	2010	Livestock Science	129	03-Jan	10.1016/j.livsci.2009.12.007	Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Pasture and Range Management, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Univ	Oni, A.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Arigbede, O.M., Department of Pasture and Range Management, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Oni, O.O., Department of Agricultural Education, School of Vocation, Federal College of Education, PMB 2096, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Onwuka, C.F.I., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Anele, U.Y., Department of Pasture and Range Management, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Oduguwa, B.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Yusuf, K.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	The feeding value of dried cassava leaves as supplement in the diet was investigated in an experiment with West African Dwarf goats at different inclusion levels of 0, 20, 40 and 60% of DM respectively, using guinea grass as a basal feed. The study lasted for 112 days during which feed intake, performance characteristics, digestibility and nitrogen utilization were monitored in 40 male goats using a completely randomized design. Dry matter (DM) intake from guinea grass was significantly (P < 0.05; 0.01) increased from 0% to 60% inclusion of dried cassava leaves in the diet. The total DM intakes were 482, 526, 537 and 528 g/d for the 0, 20, 40 and 60% of dried cassava leaves in the diet, respectively. The body weight gain of the animals were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in the control group. The highest gain was recorded in goats with 60% of dried cassava leaves in the diet (52.9 g/d) and lowest for the control (33.8 g/d). The inclusion of dried cassava leaves significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the apparent digestibility of DM, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF), while it increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE), resulting in higher nitrogen balance (3.75 g/d) at 60% of the supplement. In conclusion, supplementing a basal diet of guinea grass (Panicum maximum) with dried cassava leaves improved DM intake, weight gain, apparent digestibility and N-retention in WAD goats. The inclusion level of dried cassava in the diet can be up to 60% level in a compounded ration for ruminant animals on DM basis. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Digestibility; Dried cassava leaves; Guinea grass; Nitrogen utilization; WAD goats	Animalia; Bovidae; Capra hircus; Manihot esculenta; Panicum maximum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884418095	Growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, caecal fermentation, ileal morphology and caecal microflora of growing rabbits fed diets containing probiotics and prebiotics	Oso A.O., Idowu O.M.O., Haastrup A.S., Ajibade A.J., Olowonefa K.O., Aluko A.O., Ogunade I.M., Osho S.O., Bamgbose A.M.	2013	Livestock Science	157	1	10.1016/j.livsci.2013.06.017	Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240 Abeokuta, Nigeria	Oso, A.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240 Abeokuta, Nigeria; Idowu, O.M.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240 Abeokuta, Nigeria; Haastrup, A.S., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240 Abeokuta, Nigeria; Ajibade, A.J., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240 Abeokuta, Nigeria; Olowonefa, K.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240 Abeokuta, Nigeria; Aluko, A.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240 Abeokuta, Nigeria; Ogunade, I.M., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240 Abeokuta, Nigeria; Osho, S.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240 Abeokuta, Nigeria; Bamgbose, A.M., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240 Abeokuta, Nigeria	Ninety eight male, mixed breed weaner rabbits were used in a 70 day feeding trial to study the performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, caecal fermentation, ileal morphology and caecal microflora of growing rabbits fed diets containing Prediococcus acidilactis (1×1010cfu/g; 0.5g/kg), Bacillus cereus (1×109cfu/g; 0.5g/kg), mannan oligosaccharides (MOS; 1g/kg), arabinoxylans oligosaccharides (AX; 1g/kg), oxytetracycline (1g/kg), or synbiotics (TGI; 1g/kg). A basal diet containing no feed additive was formulated. There were 14 rabbits per treatment. Rabbits fed diets containing MOS had the highest (P&lt;0.05) final live weight and weight gain. Dietary inclusion of prebiotics (MOS, AX) resulted in higher (P&lt;0.05) weight gains and improved feed to gain ratios. Rabbits fed diets containing MOS showed the highest (P&lt;0.05) while those fed diets containing probiotics (Prediococcus acidilactis, Bacillus cereus) had the least (P&lt;0.05) caecal total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration. Rabbits fed diets containing prebiotics (MOS, AX) had longer ileal villi than groups fed with other treatments (P&lt;0.05). Inclusion of various additives showed reduced caecal coliform counts. The lowest (P&lt;0.05) lactobacillus count was obtained in the caecal content of rabbits fed diets containing MOS. Poor growth response was obtained with rabbits fed diets containing Prediococcus acidilactis or Bacillus cereus while inclusion of prebiotics in growing rabbits resulted in improved growth and gut morphology. Rabbits fed diet containing MOS showed the highest overall final live weight, weight gain, total VFA concentration and reduced caecal lactobacillus count. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Arabinoxylan oligosaccharides; Mannan oligosaccharides; Prebiotics; Probiotics; Weaner rabbits	Bacillus cereus; Lactobacillus; Oryctolagus cuniculus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41949093182	The effects of dietary graded Leucaena leucocephala seeds on performance and blood parameters in broiler chicks	Abdelati K.A., Ahmed M.E., Mohamed H.H.	2008	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	7	2	None	Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 71, 13314 Khartoum, Sudan; Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural Technology and Fish Sciences, Alneelain University, P.O. Box 12702, Sudan; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Health, Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	Abdelati, K.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 71, 13314 Khartoum, Sudan; Ahmed, M.E., Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural Technology and Fish Sciences, Alneelain University, P.O. Box 12702, Sudan; Mohamed, H.H., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Health, Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	The core objective of this study was to assess the effects of different dietary Leucaena leucocephala seed on the performance and some blood parameters in broiler, chick. Seeds were included at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12% in the diet of one hundred twenty one-day-old unsexed broiler chicks. The results showed that, feed intake, body weight gain and PER were significantly (p≤0.01) depressed with the inclusion of 6, 9 and 12% leucaena seeds in the diet. Feed intake, body weight gain and PER were negatively correlated (p≤0.05) with levels of inclusion of leucaena seeds. However, overall FCR, haematological parameters, plasma albumin, glucose and mortality rate were not influenced (p≤0.05) by dietary treatments. Inclusion of dietary leucaena significantly decreased plasma Ca, Na, total protein and cholesterol. While plasma Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase GOT, alkaline phosphatase ALP and uric acid were increased with the increase in levels of leucaena in the broiler diets. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008.	Amino acids and cholesterol; Broiler; Leucaena leucocephala	albumin; alkaline phosphatase; aspartate aminotransferase; calcium; cholesterol; glucose; protein; sodium; uric acid; albumin blood level; alkaline phosphatase blood level; animal experiment; article; aspartate aminotransferase blood level; calcium blood level; chick; cholesterol blood level; controlled study; diet; food intake; glucose blood level; hematological parameters; legume; leucaena leucocephala; mortality; nonhuman; nutritional value; plant seed; protein blood level; sodium blood level; uric acid blood level; weight gain; Leucaena; Leucaena leucocephala	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921938676	Effects of supplementing cassava peels with cassava leaves and cowpea haulms on the performance, intake, digestibility and nitrogen utilization of West African Dwarf goats	Abatan O., Oni A.O., Adebayo K., Iposu S., Sowande O.S., Onwuka C.F.I.	2014	Tropical Animal Health and Production	47	1	10.1007/s11250-014-0695-1	Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production and Health,	Abatan, O., Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Oni, A.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Adebayo, K., Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Iposu, S., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Sowande, O.S., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Onwuka, C.F.I., Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	A 16-week experiment was conducted to determine the utilization of ratios of cassava leaf meal, cassava peel and cowpea haulms by West African Dwarf (WAD) goats. Thirty WAD bucks aged 8 ± 1.3 months with body weights of 6–6.5 ± 0.12 kg were divided into five groups of six animals and each group randomly assigned to one of the treatments in a completely randomized design. The five dietary treatments were formulated to contain cassava peels, leaves and cowpea haulms at different proportions of 700:100:175 (T1), 500:200:275 (T2), 300:300:375 (T3) and 100:400:475 (T4) g/kg dry matter (DM), respectively. A standard diet formulated to meet the nutrient requirement of the animals with no cassava and cowpea haulms was used as the control diet (T5). DM intake ranged from 316.16 to 458.73 g/day and significantly increased (linear (L), quadratic (Q), cubic (C): P < 0.05) as the inclusion of cassava peels reduced and cassava leaves and cowpea haulms increased in the diets. The crude protein (CP) intake significantly increased (L, Q, C: P < 0.05) as the inclusion of cassava peels reduced and cassava leaves and cowpea haulms increased in the diets. Growth rate values significantly (L: P < 0.05; Q: P < 0.01) ranged from 21.55 g/day in T1 to 43.09 g/day in T4. The feed conversion ratio was significantly (L, Q: P <0.01) lowest in T4 (11.35) and was highest in animals in T5 (14.33). Dry matter digestibility significantly (L, Q, C: P < 0.05) ranged from 78.94 to 89.52 %. The digestibility increased as the inclusion of cassava leaves and cowpea haulms increased and reduced cassava peels in the diets. The highest N intake of 14.75 g/day obtained in T4 was significantly (L: P < 0.01; Q, C: P < 0.05) different from the values of 9.26, 10.56, 11.31 and 12.02 in T1, T2, T3 and T5, respectively. Nitrogen balance values significantly (L, Q, C: P < 0.05) ranged from 2.75 g/day in T1 to 9.15 g/day in T4. It is recommended that cassava peels, leaves and cowpea haulms in the proportion of 100:400:475 g/kg DM improved the growth and digestibility of WAD goats and can therefore be used to sustain animal performance during the dry season in a total mixed ration. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Cassava leaves; Cassava peels; Cowpea haulms; Nitrogen; Performance; WAD goats	nitrogen; Africa; analysis; animal; animal food; body weight; chemistry; controlled study; diet; diet supplementation; digestion; drug effects; goat; growth, development and aging; Manihot; metabolism; plant leaf; randomized controlled trial; veterinary; Africa, Western; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Body Weight; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Digestion; Goats; Manihot; Nitrogen; Plant Leaves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938965419	Effect of browse plant foliage supplementation on the performance of buckling goats fed threshed sorghum top basal diet	Isah O.A., Okunade S.A., Aderinboye R.Y., Olafadehan O.A.	2015	Tropical Animal Health and Production	47	6	10.1007/s11250-015-0823-6	Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria	Isah, O.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Okunade, S.A., Department of Animal Production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Nigeria; Aderinboye, R.Y., Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Olafadehan, O.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria	The effect of browse plants (Piliostigma thonningii, Daniellia oliveri, Afzelia africana, Pterocarpus erinaceus and Annona senegalensis) supplementation on nutrient intake, digestibility, nutritive value and N utilization and growth performance of buckling goats fed threshed sorghum top (TST) was investigated using 24 Red Sokoto goats (9.0 ± 0.25 kg) body weight (BW) which were randomly assigned to one of the six diets in a completely random design. Intakes of dry matter (DM) and nutrients, feed conversion ratio, digestibility of nutrients except for neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF), digestible organic matter (DOM), digestible crude protein (DCP), energy concentration, N utilization and average daily gain were superior (P < 0.05) in TST-supplemented diets compared to sole TST diet. Among the supplemental fodders, intakes of forage, DM, condensed tannins and most of the nutrients; digestibility of DM, crude protein (CP) and non-fibre carbohydrate, DOM and DCP; and N absorbed, balance and retention were greater (P < 0.05) in A. africana relative to the other fodders. Results indicate that the entire browse fodders are good supplements to low quality TST, though A. africana appears to have a better nutritive value. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Digestibility; Goat; Intake; N utilization; Nutritive value; Weight gain	Afzelia africana; Annona senegalensis; Capra hircus; Daniellia oliveri; Pterocarpus erinaceus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956506316	Nutrient degradability and performance by the West African dwarf goats fed rumen epithelium-based diets	Isah O.A., Babayemi O.J.	2010	Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology	12	3	None	Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Isah, O.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Babayemi, O.J., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Nutritive value of Rumen Epithelial Scraping (REP) was assessed using in sacco and in vivo procedures. Concentrates were so formulated that 0% (A), 35% (B), 70% (C), and 100% (D) of Soybean Meal (SBM), were replaced (weight for weight) with REP. In a completely randomized design, 16 West African Dwarf (WAD) goats were randomly allocated to the experimental diets to assess feed intake and digestibility. In a second trial, the concentrates, SBM and the REP were degraded in the rumen of fistulated goats to determine Dry Matter (DM) and Crude Protein (CP) degradability. No significant difference (P< 0.05) was observed in DM and CP consumption of goats on the various dietary treatments. The variation observed for digestible DM and CP among diets were significant (P< 0.05). The highest value of digestibility coefficients of DM and CP were observed in diet B (77.72% and 79.2% respectively). There were significant differences observed (P< 0.05) in the DM and CP degradation characteristics of the different samples incubated in the rumen of goats. Rumen epithelial waste contained more soluble fractions (30.13% DM and 71.04% CP) than soybean meal (29.82% DM and 18.6% CP), and it was shown that increasing REP in the concentrate increases the soluble DM and CP (P< 0.05). The results indicated that REP is nutritive and can replace SBM at reasonable levels in goat production enterprise.	Degradability; Dietary protein; Rumen epithelium; WAD goats	Capra hircus; Glycine max	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858128134	Growth performance, blood characteristics and plasma lipids of growing pullet fed dietary concentrations of organic and inorganic copper sources	Jegede A.V., Oduguwa O.O., Oso A.O., Fafiolu A.O., Idowu O.M.O., Nollet L.	2012	Livestock Science	145	03-Jan	10.1016/j.livsci.2012.02.011	Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Alltech Biotechnology Centre, Dunboyne, Ireland	Jegede, A.V., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Oduguwa, O.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Oso, A.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Fafiolu, A.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Idowu, O.M.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Nollet, L., Alltech Biotechnology Centre, Dunboyne, Ireland	A 140-day study was conducted to determine the influence of dietary organic Cu (Cu proteinate) and inorganic Cu (CuSO 4) on growth performance, blood characteristics and plasma lipids of growing pullet. 480day-old Kabiru® breed chicks were randomly allocated to 6 treatment groups of 80 birds split over 4 replicates of 20 birds each. The diets consisted of a basal diet (containing 32.84 and 31.78mg/kg Cu for starter and grower phases respectively) supplemented with organic Cu (Cu proteinate; Cu-P) or inorganic Cu (Cu sulphate; CuSO 4) fed at 3 dietary concentrations (50, 100 and 150mg/kg). No significant (P&gt;0.05) effect of Cu source, concentration and interaction of Cu source and concentration was obtained for growth response at starter and grower phases. CuSO 4 supplementation resulted in elevated (P&lt;0.05) serum uric acid. Supplementation of diets with 150mg/kg Cu resulted in the reduction (P&lt;0.05) of white blood cell count of the birds. Cu-P decreased (P&lt;0.05) plasma cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride in comparison to CuSO 4. CuSO 4 supplementation resulted in increased high density lipoprotein (HDL). Cu concentration elicited a linear response (P&lt;0.05) for total cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride. It was concluded that the source and concentration of Cu did not lead to a significant difference in growth performance. Furthermore, Cu-P reduced (P&lt;0.05) the plasma cholesterol concentration of the experimental birds when compared to CuSO 4. Also plasma cholesterol concentration reduced (P&lt;0.05) with increased dietary Cu concentration. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Copper; Growth; Lipid; Performance; Pullet	Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952260142	Effect of dietary levels of toasted mucuna seed meal (TMSM) on the performance and egg quality parameters of laying Japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica)	Tuleun C.D., Dashe N.A.	2010	International Journal of Poultry Science	9	12	10.3923/ijps.2010.1092.1096	Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria	Tuleun, C.D., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Dashe, N.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria	A 8 week feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of dietary inclusion of Toasted Mucuna Seed Meal (TMSM) on the performance and egg qualities of Japanese quail layers. Four (4) isonitrogenous (20% cp) diets were formulated to contain toasted mucuna seed meal at 0, 5, 10 and 15%. Each of the dietary treatments was triplicated with 10 birds per replicate (making a total of 120 birds for the experiment) in a completely randomized design. The birds were offered feed and water ad libitum. The results showed that the quail layers fed up to 15% dietary levels of TMSM had percent hen-day and hen housed egg production, average feed intake, feed intake per egg production and feed intake per gram egg production values that were not statistically different (p>0.05) from those fed the 0% TMSM (control) diet. Albumen width and shell thickness were significantly (p<0.05) lowered by the increasing levels of TMSM, while egg circumference and all yolk parameters were not affected significantly (p>0.05). Dietary inclusion of TMSM at all levels reduced feed cost which was also reflected in feed cost per egg produced and feed cost per bird produced. Therefore the use of TMSM as a feed ingredient up to 15% level in quail layer diets is profitable, feasible and desirable. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Feed ingredient; Performance and egg qualities; Quail layer; Toasted mucuna seed meal	Aves; Coturnix; Coturnix japonica; Mucuna; Phasianidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79551554890	Comparative performance of broiler fed diets containing raw and processed Mucuna seed meal	Tuleun C.D., Offia B., Yaakugh I.D.I.	2010	International Journal of Poultry Science	9	11	10.3923/ijps.2010.1056.1062	Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria	Tuleun, C.D., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Offia, B., Department of Animal Production, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Yaakugh, I.D.I., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria	The effects of raw and local processing methods on the nutritive value of Mucuna utilis seeds fed in diets to broiler performance were investigated. The processing methods were: seeds were soaked for 24 h in plain water, cooking of 24-h pre-soaked seeds for 60 min and cooking in a solution of potash (kanwa, trona) for 60 min. Five experimental diets were formulated such that diet 1 contained no mucuna (control), while raw, soaked, pre-soaked and cooked and cooked-in-potash mucuna seed meal were included at 20% dietary levels respectively. One hundred and fifty (150) One-week old (Anak, 2000) broiler chicks were randomly assigned to the experimental diets in a completely randomized design. There were 3 replicates of the 5 treatments and 10 birds per replicate. 22% Crude Protein (CP) diets were fed during the starter phase and 20%CP diets during the finisher phase. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum throughout the 8-week trial period. At the end of the feeding trial, 3 birds were selected from replicates and slaughtered for carcass and blood evaluation. The different processing methods caused percentage reductions in Crude Protein (CP) and ether extract but increased the gross energy and ash content of the seeds. Cooking of pre-soaked beans and cooking in potash solution significantly (p<0.05) reduced most of the antinutrient factor contents of the seeds. During the starter phase, average fed intake and feed conversion efficiency f birds on cooked mucuna seed diets were similar to the control group. At the finisher phase better performance in terms of weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, protein efficiency ratio were significantly (p<0.05) achieved with a 25% reduction in cost of feed per kilogram gain in the group fed seeds cooked for 60 minutes diet. Birds on cooked mucuna seed diets had comparable dressing percentage, empty gizzard, liver, pancreas spleen and lungs weights with the birds fed the control diet. The packed cell volume, haemoglobin and white blood cell count values of the birds on the cooked mucuna diets were significantly similar to the control group. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Cooking; Hematological values; Mucuna seeds; Performance of broiler chickens	Aves; Gallus gallus; Mucuna; Trona	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-64049090810	Evaluation of raw and boiled velvet bean (Mucuna utilis) as feed ingredient for broiler chickens	Tuleun C.D., Patrick J.P., Tiamiyu L.O.	2009	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	8	5	None	Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Department of Fishery and Wildlife, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria	Tuleun, C.D., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Patrick, J.P., Department of Animal Production, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Tiamiyu, L.O., Department of Fishery and Wildlife, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria	Chemical analysis and a performance trial were carried out to determine the effect of boiling Mucuna utilis seeds on their proximate composition, minerals assay and amino acid profile, level of antinutritional factors and blood seral and haematological parameters of finisher broiler chickens. Four types of mucuna seed meal were prepared. Type 1 was prepared from raw seeds, types 2, 3 and 4 were from seeds soaked in water for 24 h and then boiled in water for 20, 40 and 60 min respectively. The four dietary treatments had 20% inclusion of the four types of mucuna seed meal respectively. A four week feeding trial was conducted using one hundred and twenty, five week old, broiler birds averaging 590 gm live weight. Results of the study show that raw mucuna seeds are a good source of nutrients. Increase in boiling time significantly (p<0.05) reduced the crude protein content, phosphorus, iron, selenium, methionine, cystine, lysi, isoleucine, alanine, tyrosine and threonine content. Concentration of antinutritional factors in the seeds were significantly (p<0.05) reduced. Significant (p<0.05) improvements in feed: gain and protein efficiency ratios with a corresponding increase in mean daily weight gain were observed as the boiling time increased. At the end of the experiment, the haematological parameters revealed no significant differences among treatments in the levels of Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (Hb), Red Blood Cell (RBC) counts, mean corpuscular volume (MHV) and Mean corpuscuscular Haemoglobin concentration (McHc). Similarly, albumin, globulin, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase estimated were found to be insignificantly varied with the exception of total protein. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2009.	Boiling; Mucuna seeds; Nutritive values and performance of broiler chickens	alanine; alanine aminotransferase; albumin; cysteine; globulin; iron; isoleucine; lysine; methionine; phosphorus; selenium; threonine; tyrosine; animal experiment; animal food; article; chicken; controlled study; erythrocyte count; fatty acid analysis; food analysis; food composition; food processing; heat treatment; hematocrit; hemoglobin determination; mean corpuscular hemoglobin; mean corpuscular volume; nonhuman; nutritional value; protein content; velvet bean; weight gain; Aves; Gallus gallus; Mucuna	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952646517	Effect of dietary ascorbic acid on performance of broiler chickens exposed to different lighting regime	Tuleun C., Njoku P.C., Okwori A.I.	2010	International Journal of Poultry Science	9	2	None	Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; National University Commission, Abuja, Nigeria	Tuleun, C., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Njoku, P.C., National University Commission, Abuja, Nigeria; Okwori, A.I., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria	A 2 x 2 factorial experiment was conducted to determine the performance of 400 Anak broiler chicks exposed to two lighting regimes viz. 12 h light: 12 h darkness and 24 h lightO h darkness and fed diets containing two levels of ascorbic acid (0 and 250 mg AA/kg of feed). Each treatment was replicated four times with 25 birds per replicate. Results showed that at the starter phase of growth, chicks on continuous lighting regime recorded significantly (p<0.05) higher weight gain than those on limited lighting regime. Addition of ascorbic acid in the diet of chicks in the starter phase significantly (p<0.05) improved weight gain. At the grower phase, lighting regime recorded no significant (p>0.05) effect on weight gain but addition of ascorbic acid in the diet significantly (p<0.05) improved weight gain. There was significant (p<0.05) interaction as chicks on continuous lighting regime with ascorbic acid in their diet recorded higher weight gain than other treatments i.e limited lighting with no ascorbic acid in the diet. At the starter phase there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between continuous and limited lighting on feed: gain ratio. However, chicks with ascorbic in their diet recorded significantly (p<0.05) better feed: gain ratio than those without ascorbic acid. Inclusion of ascorbic acid in the diet significantly (p<0.05) reduced feed cost per kilogram weight gain. Ascorbic acid inclusion significantly (p<0.05) increased femur weight but not femur ash and tibia length. Continuous lighting and inclusion of ascorbic acid from diets increased incidence of leg abnormality significantly. Inclusion of ascorbic acid significantly (p<0.05) reduced the severity of leg abnormality. In conclusion continuous lighting and ascorbic acid in the diet may improve weight gain, feed: gain ratio, reduced feed cost per kilogram weight gain and reduction in the severity of leg abnormality. It may be recommended that under continuous lighting, inclusion of ascorbic acid in the diet may be recommended for balanced growth of the chicks. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Ascorbic acid; Bone; Broiler performance; Lighting regimes	Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930274972	Growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology and carcass traits of broiler chickens fed dry, wet and fermented-wet feed	Akinola O.S., Onakomaiya A.O., Agunbiade J.A., Oso A.O.	2015	Livestock Science	177	None	10.1016/j.livsci.2015.04.016	Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ni	Akinola, O.S., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Onakomaiya, A.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Agunbiade, J.A., McPherson University Seriki-Satayo, Km 96 Lagos-Ibadan Expressway P.M.B. 2094, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Oso, A.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	This study seeks to investigate the growth performance, intestinal morphology, carcass traits and apparent nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens fed with dry, wet and fermented-wet feed. Three experimental diets were formulated in this study. Diet 1 was dry mash feed. Diet 2 was wet mash feed in a 1:1.3 mix with water. Diet 3, was fermented-wet mash feed in a 1:1.3 mix with water which was fermented for 24. h in sealed plastic polythene bags prior to feeding. A total of 192 two-weeks-old broilers (Marshal strain) were randomly assigned to the experimental diets in a completely randomized design (CRD). Each treatment group was replicated four times with 16 birds per replicate. Each dietary treatment was fed immediately to the birds after re-constitution. Fermentation of the feed reduced (P<0.05) the pH from 6.61 to 4.37. Birds fed fermented-wet and wet mash recorded higher (P<0.05) final live weight and weight gain. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not affected (P>0.05) by wet and fermented-wet fed birds compared to the dry fed birds. Mortality was not affected by dietary treatment imposed. Apparent organic matter digestibility was higher (P<0.05) in birds fed fermented-wet feed when compared to birds fed with dry and wet feed. Intestinal villus morphology and carcass measurement were not affected (P>0.05) by the treatment imposed. However, birds fed wet feed showed lower (P<0.05) gizzard weight when compared to birds fed fermented-wet feed. Birds fed with fermented-wet mash recorded higher (P<0.05) abdominal fat than those fed with dry mash. The results of this study indicated fermented-wet feeding improved apparent organic matter digestibility with a resultant improved growth performance of broiler chicken. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Broiler chicken; Carcass; Fermented-wet feed; Intestinal morphology; Performance; Wet feed	Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84910124960	Effect of feeding cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) root meal on growth performance, hydrocyanide intake and haematological parameters of broiler chicks	Akapo A.O., Oso A.O., Bamgbose A.M., Sanwo K.A., Jegede A.V., Sobayo R.A., Idowu O.M., Fan J., Li L., Olorunsola R.A.	2014	Tropical Animal Health and Production	46	7	10.1007/s11250-014-0622-5	Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Institute of	Akapo, A.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Oso, A.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China; Bamgbose, A.M., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Sanwo, K.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Jegede, A.V., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Sobayo, R.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Idowu, O.M., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Fan, J., Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China; Li, L., Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China; Olorunsola, R.A., Faculty of Science, Ondo State University of Science and Technology, Ondo, Nigeria	The effect of feeding cassava root meal on growth performance, hydrocyanide intake, haematological indices and serum thiocyanate concentration of broiler chicks was investigated using 300-day-old male broilers. There were five dietary treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement of two processing methods of cassava root (peeled and unpeeled) included at two levels (100 and 200 g/kg) plus a control diet (maize-based diet, containing no cassava root). Each treatment was replicated six times with ten birds per replicate. The feeding trial lasted for 28 days. Control-fed birds had the highest overall (P < 0.01) final liveweight and weight gain, least (P < 0.05) hydrocyanide (HCN) intake and best (P < 0.05) feed-to-gain ratio. Chicks fed with control and diet containing 100 g/kg peeled cassava root meal (PCRM) had the least (P < 0.05) feed cost per weight gain. Chicks fed with diet containing 100 g/kg cassava root meal had higher (P < 0.05) final liveweight and weight gain and reduced (P < 0.05) HCN intake than chicks fed with diet containing 200 g/kg cassava root meal. Dietary inclusion of peeled cassava root meal (PCRM) for broiler chicks resulted in increased final liveweight (P < 0.05), weight gain (P < 0.01) and feed intake (P < 0.01) when compared with birds fed with diet containing unpeeled cassava root meal (UCRM). The least (P < 0.01) final liveweight and weight gain and worst (P < 0.05) feed-to-gain ratio were obtained with chicks fed with diet containing 200 g/kg UCRM. Increased dietary inclusion levels of cassava root resulted in significant increase (P < 0.05) in white blood cell (WBC) count, heterophil count and serum thiocyanate concentration. In comparison with chicks fed with diet containing UCRM, dietary inclusion of PCRM resulted in increased (P < 0.05) red blood cell (RBC) count and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and reduced (P < 0.05) white blood cell (WBC) count and serum thiocyanate concentration. Although inclusion of 100 g/kg PCRM showed some economic sense, dietary inclusion of either peeled or unpeeled cassava root poses a threat on growth and health status of broiler chicks. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Broiler chicks; Cassava root meal; Hydrocyanide intake; Peeling process; Serum thiocyanate	hydrogen cyanide; analysis; animal; animal food; animal husbandry; blood; body weight; chemistry; chicken; controlled study; diet; drug effects; eating; growth, development and aging; maize; male; Manihot; metabolism; plant root; procedures; randomized controlled trial; veterinary; weight gain; Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Diet; Eating; Hydrogen Cyanide; Male; Manihot; Plant Roots; Weight Gain; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956973322	Effect of fermentation of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) fruit peel on its phytonutrients and the performance of broiler starter	Oluremi O.I.A., Okafor F.N., Adenkola A.Y., Orayaga K.T.	2010	International Journal of Poultry Science	9	6	None	Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Physiolog	Oluremi, O.I.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Okafor, F.N., Department of Animal Production, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Adenkola, A.Y., Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Orayaga, K.T., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria	A 5-week feeding trial to determine the effect of fermentation of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) fruit peel on its maize replacement value in broiler starter diet was conducted. Sweet orange fruit peels were collected from peeled orange sellers and divided into three portions. The first portion was not fermented (SPo), while the second and third portions were fermented for 24hrs (SP24) and 48hrs (SP48), respectively. They were separately sun-dried, milled and samples screened and analyzed for phytonutrients. Four different diets namely the control (CD) and three test diets SPoD, SP24D and SP4sD in which SPo, SP24D and SP48 replaced maize in the control diet (CD) at 30% level in that order were compounded. Seven-day old one hundred and twenty Anak 2000 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to these diet groups to evaluate their performance. There was a decrease in the concentration of each of oxalate, flavonoid, tannin, saponin and phytate detected in the peels as the duration of fermentation increased from 0 to 48hrs. Thirty percent replacement of maize by the fermented sweet orange fruit peel meal depressed body weight gain (p&lt;0.01), feed intake (p&lt;0.05) and live weight (p&lt;0.01) of broiler starter. The fermentation technique used in this study did not improve the nutritive value of the sweet orange fruit peels to enhance its suitability as a feed resource in broiler starter production. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Broiler starter; Performance; Phytonutrients; Sweet orange peel	Citrus sinensis; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548249642	Evaluation of the nutritive potential of the peels of some citrus fruit varieties feedingstuffs in livestock production	Oluremi O.I.A., Andrew I.A., Ngi J.	2007	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	6	6	None	Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production, University of Agiculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Nigeria	Oluremi, O.I.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Nigeria; Andrew, I.A., Department of Animal Production, University of Agiculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Nigeria; Ngi, J., Department of Animal Production, University of Agiculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Nigeria	Four (4) varieties of citrus fruit namely Citrus limonum [lemon (Le), Citrus qurantifolia lime (Li)], Citrus sinensis washington (SOw) and Citrus sinensis Ibadan (SOi) were peeled separately, sun dried, milled using hammer mill machine and analyzed in the laboratory to determine yield, proximate composition and crude fibre fractions. The percent dry weight of the peels showed that the yield of sun dried peels which can be obtained per unit weight of fresh peels decreased in the order SOi &gt; SOw &gt; Le &gt; Li. Highly significant variations (p&lt;0.01) existed between the proximate constituents among the peel meal, and their dry matter of about 89% and crude protein of 9.30-10.96% are comparable to that of maize. Crude fibre and ash which were approximately 14% and 5% respectively are higher than 2.1% CF and 1.22% ash in maize. Acid detergent fibre was significantly different (p&lt;0.05), while hemi-cellulose, cellulose, ADF and NDF were highly significantly different (p&lt;0.01) among the peels. The ADF seems high in all the peels and growth trials are recommended with monogastric and ruminant animals to evaluate the replacement value of these citrus peel meals when incorporated into the diets of these farm animals. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007.	Citrus peels; Fibre fractions; Proximate composition	cellulose; hemicellulose; protein; animal food; article; citrus fruit; Citrus qurantifolia; controlled study; dry weight; fiber; food composition; food processing; lemon; livestock; nonhuman; nutrient content; nutritional value; qualitative analysis; quantitative analysis; species difference; sweet orange; Animalia; Citrus; Citrus limon; Citrus sinensis; Citrus x limonia; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749599186	Performance characteristics and nutrient utilization of starter broilers fed raw and processed pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) seed meal	Onu P.N., Okongwu S.N.	2006	International Journal of Poultry Science	5	7	10.3923/ijps.2006.693.697	Department of Animal Production and Fisheries Management, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	Onu, P.N., Department of Animal Production and Fisheries Management, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Okongwu, S.N., Department of Animal Production and Fisheries Management, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	A 28 - day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of processing of pigeon pea seeds on the performance and nutrient digestibility of finisher broilers. Four experimental diets were formulated such that each diet contained raw, boiled, boiled with potash and toasted pigeon pea seed meals at 26% dietary level respectively. One hundred and ninety two 5-week old Anak 2000 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to the four experimental diets in a completely randomized design (CRD). Each treatment group was replicated four times with 12 birds per replicate. At the end of the 4 weeks feeding trial, three birds were randomly selected from each replicate and transferred to metabolic cages for faecal collection and determination of apparent nutrient digestibility. Another set of 3 birds were randomly selected from each replicate, deprived of water but not feed for 24 hours, slaughtered and eviscerated for organ weight determination. Results showed significant (P < 0.05) differences in performance among the birds fed processed and raw pigeon pea seed meals. Birds fed processed pigeon pea seed meal performed significantly (P < 0.05) better than those on raw pigeon pea seed meal. There was no significant (P > 0.05) difference in performance among the groups fed differently processed pigeon pea seed meals. The results of the digestibility trial showed that significant (P < 0.05) differences existed among the groups in protein digestibility only. The results of the trial indicated that the three processing methods boiling, boiling with potash and toasting were effective in reducing the antinutritional factors in pigeon pea seeds. The result of the study also indicated improved nutritive value of pigeon pea boiled with potash. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.	Finisher broilers; Nutrient digestibility; Nutritive value; Performance; Processed pigeon pea	Aves; Cajanus cajan	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749622375	Performance of broiler chicks (Gallus domesticus) fed maize offal-based diets supplemented with roxazyme G enzyme	Nnenna O.P., Emeka N.P., Okpoko C.L.	2006	International Journal of Poultry Science	5	7	10.3923/ijps.2006.607.610	Department of Animal Production and Fisheries Management, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	Nnenna, O.P., Department of Animal Production and Fisheries Management, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Emeka, N.P., Department of Animal Production and Fisheries Management, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Okpoko, C.L., Department of Animal Production and Fisheries Management, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	An experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of broiler chicks fed maize offal-based diets supplemented with roxazyme G enzyme. Seven experimental diets were formulated such that diet T1 which served as the control, contained 0% maize offals and without enzyme supplementation. Diets T2 and T5 served as control for enzymes at increased levels of maize-offal supplementation. Diets T3 and T4 contained 20% maize offal supplemented with 100 mg and 200 mg of enzyme respectively, while diets T6 and T contained 40 % of maize offal supplemented with 100 mg and 200 mg of enzyme respectively. One 7 hundred and forty seven (147) 4 week-old Anak broiler chicks were randomly assigned to the seven diets in a completely randomized design (CRD). Each treatment was replicated thrice with seven (7) birds per replicate. The experiment lasted for 28 day. Results showed that there were significant differences in the performance of the birds on the treatment groups in all the measurements recorded. Birds fed the control 1 diet had the highest weight gain and best feed conversion ratio, though this was not significantly higher than those fed diet T3. There was no significant (P &gt; 0.05) difference between the weight gain of the birds fed diets T3 T4 and T 7. There was a significant (P &lt; 0.05) decrease in weight gain as dietary level of maize offal increased without enzyme supplementation. The feed intake of bird fed diet T5 was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher than those fed other treatment diets. The feed conversion ratio of birds fed T1, T3 and T4 diets did not differ significantly (P &gt; 0.05). Though there were significant (P &lt; 0.05) differences on the feed conversion ratio of birds fed diets T2, T5 and T6, there was no significant (P &gt; 0.05) difference on the feed conversion ratio of birds fed diets T3, T 4 and T7. The result of the experiment showed that with Roxazyme G supplementation at either 100 mg or 200 mg/kg feed, maize offal can replace maize in the diets at up to 20 % level without any deleterious effect. However, at 40 % inclusion level, 200 mg/kg feed proved more effective. Economics of production showed that Roxazyme G supplementation were profitable as regards the cost of feed per kg weight gain and thus cost savings. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.	Broiler chicks; Enzyme supplementation; Maize offal; Performance	Aves; Gallus gallus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876259526	Effects of beak amputation and sex on the pecking rate damage and performance parameters of Turkey	Allinson I.B., Ekunseitan D.A., Ayoola A.A., Iposu S.O., Idowu O.M.O., Ogunade I.M., Osho S.O.	2013	Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences	16	19	10.3923/pjbs.2013.1022.1027	Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Allinson, I.B., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Ekunseitan, D.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Ayoola, A.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Iposu, S.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Idowu, O.M.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Ogunade, I.M., Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Osho, S.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of sex and beak trimming on pecking and the performance of turkeys. Five hundred and forty unsexed, day old British United Turkey poults were was divided into 3 treatments based on beak trimming at 0, 1/4, 1/3 measured from the tip of the beak inwards with 3 replicates of 60 poults each experiment 1 while 480 turkeys (240 each of male and female) were transferred and allotted to 4 treatment groups of 120 birds each and 4 replicates of 30 turkeys each in experiment 2. Data on performance response and severity of pecking were taken and subjected to one-way analysis of variance in a completely randomised design (experiment 1) and 2x2 factorial layout (factors were sex and beak trimming). Results showed that beak trimming had no significant (p>0.05) effect on all the performance parameters of turkey poults except feed intake while sex and beak trimming had significant (p<0.05) effect on performance indices of turkey. Debeaked male and female recorded higher feed intake, protein intake and feed conversion ratio. There was higher rate of aggressive pecking among the Toms than in the Hens and severity of damage was higher in undebeaked turkeys than the debeaked. Beak trimming can greatly reduce the severity of damage caused by aggressive pecking and should be done twice (6 and 14th week) at 1/4 measured from the tip of the beak. © 2013 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Beak trimming; Pecking rate damage; Performance; Sex; Turkeys	amputation; animal; animal behavior; animal food; article; beak; body weight; eating; feeding behavior; female; male; methodology; physiology; randomization; turkey (bird); Amputation; Animal Feed; Animals; Beak; Behavior, Animal; Body Weight; Eating; Feeding Behavior; Female; Male; Random Allocation; Turkeys; Aves; Meleagris gallopavo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650314370	Performance and carcass properties of finisher broilers fed exogenous enzyme supplemented sheep manure based diets	Onu P.N., Madubuike F.N.	2010	Indian Journal of Animal Research	44	2	None	Department of Animal Production and Fisheries Management, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	Onu, P.N., Department of Animal Production and Fisheries Management, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Madubuike, F.N., Department of Animal Production and Fisheries Management, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	The effects of exogenous enzymes supplementation of heat-treated sheep manure-based diets on the performance and carcass properties of broiler finisher chicks was studied using 210 fiveweek old broiler chicks. Seven experimental broiler finisher diets were formulated such that diet 1 contained 0% heat-treated sheep manure (HSM). Diets 2, 4 and 6 contained 5%, 10% and 15% HSM without supplementation respectively, while diets 3, 5 and 7 contained 5%, 10% and 15% HSM supplemented with 100mg of exogenous enzyme (Roxazyme G.) respectively. Results showed that there was no significant (P > 0.05) difference among the treatment groups in daily feed intake and daily protein intake. There was also no significant (P > 0.05) difference in the weight gain of birds fed unsupplemented HSM diets and the control. Enzyme supplementation significantly (P > 0.05) enhanced the weight gain, protein efficiency and feed conversion ratios of the birds. Significant (P > 0.05) differences only occurred in the dressed weight, breast muscle, gizzard and the gastrointestinal tract of the birds at 15% dietary HSM level. There was evidence of beneficial effect of enzyme of the diets on weight gain and dressed weight of the birds at the various levels of inclusion of heat-treated sheep manure in the diet.	Broiler finishers; Carcass properties; Enzymes supplementation; Heat-treated sheep manure; Performance	Aves; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45349092809	Tropical vegetable (Amaranthus cruentus) leaf meal as alternative protein supplement in broiler starter diets: Bionutritional evaluation	Fasuyi A.O., Dairo F.A.S., Adeniji A.O.	2008	Journal of Central European Agriculture	9	1	None	Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	Fasuyi, A.O., Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Dairo, F.A.S., Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Adeniji, A.O., Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	Amaranthus cruentus is a tropical leaf vegetable grown in most tropical regions of the world for its vegetable protein. The fresh matured leaves of the plant were harvested and sun dried until a moisture content of between 12-13% was obtained. The sun dried leaves (Amaranthus cruentus leaf meal, ACLM) were milled and analysed for their proximate composition. Crude protein was 23.0%±0.55; crude fat, 5.4%±0.01; crude fibre, 8.8%±0.02; ash, 19.3%±0.01 and gross energy, 3.3±0.01kcal/g all on dry matter basis. Methionine and to a lesser extent, lysine, arginine, leucine and aspartate were high. The ACLM was incorporated into five formulated broiler starter diets at varying inclusion levels. The control diet 1 had no ACLM inclusion. All the six diets including control diet 1 were formulated isocaloric and isonitrogenous and fed to the experimental chicks (n = 540). Birds kept on diet 2 (5% ACLM inclusion level) had the best average weight gain (WG) of 372.9±29.94g/chick. The feed efficiency (FE) value and the protein efficiency ratio (PER) for birds on diet 2 were similar (P > 0.05) to values obtained for the reference diet. The nitrogen retention (NR) and apparent nitrogen digestibility (AND) values obtained for diet 2 were highest at 1.48±0.24gN/chick/day and 63.12%±10.28, respectively. Except for dressed weight and the back of chicken all the organs weights taken were similar (P > 0.05). Haematological examinations were similar (P > 0.05). Results generally indicated that ACLM could be a useful dietary protein source for broiler starter chicks at 5% inclusion level.	Amaranthus cruentus leaf meal; Antinutrients; Broiler chicken; Nitrogen utilization	Amaranthus; Amaranthus cruentus; Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45749122316	Evaluation of fermented palm kernel meal and fermented copra meal proteins as substitute for soybean meal protein in laying hens diets	Dairo F.A.S., Fasuyi A.O.	2008	Journal of Central European Agriculture	9	1	None	Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	Dairo, F.A.S., Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Fasuyi, A.O., Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	Two hundred and ten (210) laying hens of Black Harco breed at 37 weeks in lay were fed experimental layer diets, in which fermented palm kernel meal (PKM) and copra meal (CM) were used independently to substitute for soybean meal (SBM) on protein content basis at 0%, 25%, 50% and 75%, to give seven treatments in a completely randomized design feeding trial that lasted 12 weeks. Performance characteristics and some haematological indices were evaluated in this study. Fermentation for seven days increased the crude protein of PKM (from 20.04% to 23.42%) and that of CM (from 19.63% to 23.11%). The crude fibre of the fermented PKM and CM decreased (from 15.47% to 12.44 % and 16.00% to 11.63% respectively). The feed intake (FI) was significantly highest (P<0.05) for laying hens fed 75% PKM substitution for SBM (126.06g) but lowest for those on 25% CM (115.02g). Birds fed 75% PKM had the highest (P<0.05) body weight gain (1.73g) while those on 25% CM recorded the lowest (1.50g). Hen-day production was significantly highest (P<0.05) in the control group (72.42%) but similar with the values of 69.37%, 70.35% and 69.53% recorded by laying hens fed diets containing 50% PKM, 25% CM and 75% CM respectively. Hens fed 50% CM had the highest egg shape index (0.68) while those on 75% PKM recorded the lowest value of 0.65. The control diet had the highest feed cost per kilogramme (kg) (N57.99) while 75% CM had the lowest (N46.51). Feed cost per number of egg produced was highest (P<0.05) in the control (N1.78) and similar with the values obtained for laying hens fed CM at 25%, 50% and 75% which are N1.80, N1.79 and N1.74 respectively. The compared values of PKM and CM at corresponding levels of substitution using t-test indicated significant increase (P<0.05) in FI for PKM at all levels of substitution for SBM (121.74g at 25%, 126.56g at 50% and 126.06g at 75%) over the values of 115.02g, 121.18g and 124.96g for the respective dietary substitution levels of CM at 25%, 50% and 75%. Body weight gain was higher (P<0.05) for hens on 25% PKM (1.60g) and 75% PKM (1.73g) inclusion over those on CM (1.50g and 1.58g respectively). Hen day production was consistently higher (P<0.05) in laying hens fed CM at 25%, 50% and 75% replacement for SBM than those on PKM with corresponding values of 70.35%, 69.53% and 69.09%. The highest (P<0.05) serum total protein (6.60g/dl) and serum albumin (4.60g/dl) were obtained from hens fed 75% PKM and 50% PKM respectively while the control had the lowest (4.85g/dl and 4.60g/dl). Serum globulin of 1.65g/dl was highest (P<0.05) for birds on 50% PKM and lowest (1.05g/dl) for those on 50% CM. Urea was significantly (P<0.05) highest for laying hens fed 75% PKM (36.80 mg/dl) and lowest for those on 25% CM (21.50 mg/dl). However, egg weight, egg yolk colouration and the feed efficiency (feed/kg egg) were not affected (P>0.05) by the substitution of PKM and CM for SBM. The study showed that SBM protein could be substituted optimally at 50% by either PKM or CM protein.	Copra meal; Egg production; Layers; Palm kernel meal; Soybean meal; Substitution	Aves; Glycine max	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38049000848	Protein supplementary quality of tropical vegetable (Amaranthus cruentus) leaf meal in broiler starter diets: Bionutritional evaluation	Fasuyi A.O., Dairo F.A.S., Adeniji A.O.	2007	International Journal of Agricultural Research	2	12	None	Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ekiti State, Nigeria	Fasuyi, A.O., Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Dairo, F.A.S., Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Adeniji, A.O., Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ekiti State, Nigeria	The fresh matured leaves of the Amaranthus cruentus plants were harvested and sun dried until a moisture content of between 12-13% was obtained. The sun dried leaves (Amaranthus cruentus leaf meal, ACLM) were milled and analysed for their proximate composition. Crude protein was 23.0±0.55; crude fat, 5.4±0.01; crude fibre, 8.8%±0.02; ash, 19.3%±0.01 and gross energy, 3.3±0.01 kcal g -1; metabolisable energy, 2.8±0.21 kcal g -1 all on dry matter basis. Methionine and to a lesser extent, lysine, arginine, leucine and aspartate were high. The ACLM was incorporated into five formulated broiler starter diets at varying inclusion levels. The control diet 1 had no ACLM inclusion. All the six diets including control diet 1 were formulated isocaloric and isonitrogenous and fed to the experimental chicks (n = 540). Birds kept on diet 2 (5% ACLM inclusion level) had the best average Weight Gain (WG) of 372.9±29.94 g chick -1 but this was statistically similar to values obtained for birds on diets 1, 3 and 4. The Feed Efficiency (FE) value and the Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) for birds on diet 2 were similar (p&gt;0.05) to values obtained for the reference diet. The Nitrogen Retention (NR) and Apparent Nitrogen Digestibility (AND) values obtained for diet 2 were highest at 1.48±0.24 gN chick -1 day -1 and 63.12%±10.28, respectively. Except for dressed weight and the back of chicken all the organs weights taken were similar (p&gt;0.05). Haematological results were similar (p&gt;0.05). Results generally indicated that ACLM could be a useful dietary protein source for broiler starter chicks at 5% inclusion level. © 2007 Academic Journals Inc.	Amaranthus cruentus leaf meal; Antinutrients; Nitrogen utilization	Amaranthus; Amaranthus cruentus; Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36649012395	Protein supplementary quality of vegetable leaf meal (Amaranthus cruentus) in the diets of laying hens: Egg laying performance, egg quality and heamatological implications	Fasuyi A.O., Dairo F.A.S., Olujimi O.T.	2007	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	5	04-Mar	None	Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	Fasuyi, A.O., Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Dairo, F.A.S., Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Olujimi, O.T., Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	An experiment was carried out with Hy-line Brown variety layer birds at the beginning of the hen year (first egg laying phase). Four isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated in which the major difference was the percentage inclusion levels of the Amaranthus cruentus leaf meal (ACLM) at 0, 10, 15 and 20% in Diets 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Apart from the yolk colour score and feed efficiency that varied significantly (p<0.05) among the hens on the four dietary treatments, there were no significant differences in the mean values for body weight changes, hen day production, egg weight, albumen height, shell thickness and Haugh unit. The mean egg weight values ranged between 62.67±2.31 g in eggs collected from hens on Diet 3 and 68.30±6.51 g from hens on Diet 4 while albumen height ranged between 4.77±0.15 and 5.23±0.31 mm. The shell thickness also ranged from 0.39±0.04 in eggs from hens on Diet 3 to 0.47±0.09 in eggs from hens on Diet 1. The yolk colour score was significantly different (p<0.05) among eggs collected from hens on the different diets with yolk yellowish colouration deepening from Diet 1 to Diet 4. The feed efficiency, hen day production and albumen height values recorded for hens on Diet 2 (10% ACLM inclusion) were consistently higher than other values. Livability was 100% for all experimental hens and haematological investigation was favourable. No physical health hazards or deformations were observed in all experimental hens. It is evident that ACLM if well harnessed could be a potential supplementary protein source in poultry layer diets particularly at inclusion levels not exceeding 10%.	Albumen height; Body weight; Dietary treatments; Egg weight; Feed efficiency; Haugh unit; Shell thickness; Yolk colour	Amaranthus; Amaranthus cruentus; Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33847108463	Bio-nutritional evaluations of three tropical leaf vegetables (Telfairia occidentalis, Amaranthus cruentus and Talinum triangulare) as sole dietary protein sources in rat assay	Fasuyi A.O.	2007	Food Chemistry	103	3	10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.09.030	Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti-State, Nigeria	Fasuyi, A.O., Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti-State, Nigeria	The bio-nutritional potentials of three tropical vegetable leaf meals (Telfairia occidentalis leaf meal, TOLM; Talinum triangulare leaf meal, TTLM and Amaranthus cruentus leaf meal, ACLM) were investigated using albino rat as the test animal. Some protein quality evaluation indices were measured when the three vegetable leaf meals (VLMs) were used as sole protein sources in diets fed to the experimental animals and results were compared with data obtained for a basal nitrogen free diet (diet 1) and another reference diet (diet 2) in which the protein was solely supplied by nutritional casein (pure protein). The weight gain value recorded over a 10 day experimental period for the test animals on the reference (casein) diet 2 was consistently higher (P < 0.05) than the weight gain value obtained for the animals on the 3 VLMs diets (diets 3-5). Feed intake values recorded for the rats on the VLMs were similar (P > 0.05) and significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the value obtained for rats on the reference (casein) diet. Nitrogen excreted in faeces (feacal nitrogen) was lowest (P < 0.05) for the animals in reference diet 2. However, the nitrogen excreted in urine (urinary nitrogen) was highest (P < 0.05) for the animals on reference diet 2 and lowest for animals on diet 3 (TOLM diet) (P < 0.05). The nitrogen retention (NR) value obtained for the test animals on the reference diet 2 was similar (P > 0.05) to the value obtained for animals on diet 3 (TOLM). These values were significantly higher (P > 0.05) than NR values obtained for animals on diets 4 (TTLM) and 5 (ACLM). Expectedly, the apparent nitrogen digestibility (AND), protein efficiency ratio (PER), net protein ratio (NPR), true digestibility (TD), biological value (BV) and net protein utilization (NPU) all indicated higher and better values (P < 0.05) than the corresponding values obtained for the 3 VLMs diets (diets 3-5). © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Nitrogen free diet; Protein quality evaluation; Rat bioassay; Reference diet	casein; nitrogen; Amaranthus cruentus; animal experiment; article; bioassay; dietary intake; digestion; feces analysis; measurement; nitrogen urine level; nonhuman; nutritional assessment; protein intake; rat; Talinum triangulare; Telfairia occidentalis; vegetable; weight gain; Amaranthus cruentus; Animalia; Rattus; Talinum triangulare; Telfairia occidentalis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547891854	Evaluation of protein replacement value of sun dried and oven dried coconut oil meal and fermented coconut oil meal in rats	Dairo F.A.S.	2007	International Journal of Agricultural Research	2	3	None	Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Dairo, F.A.S., Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Twenty-four male albino rats, Wistar's strain of 21-22 days old, with average weight of 27.6-27.9 g were fed sun dried coconut oil meal (SDCOM), oven dried coconut oil meal (ODCOM), sun dried fermented coconut oil meal (SDFCOM) and oven dried fermented coconut oil meal (ODFCOM) to evaluate the protein quality indices using a nitrogen free diet and casein nitrogen based diet as reference. The feed intake (FI), protein intake (PI) and faecal nitrogen were all significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher in the reference diet and SDFCOM. The body weight gain in the reference diet was significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher than the others but followed by values recorded by rats on SDFCOM and ODFCOM. Urinary nitrogen was highest in (p&lt;0.05) in SDCOM. The nitrogen retained was higher (p&lt;0.05) for rats fed SDFCOM and ODFCOM. Apparent Digestibilities of Nitrogen (AND) were similar for the reference diet, SDFCOM and ODFCOM. The True Protein Digestibility (TPD), Biological Value (BV), Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER), Net Protein Utilization (NPU) and Net Protein Ratio (NPR) were all highest in the reference diet and followed by ODFCOM and lowest in SDCOM while the gross protein value (GPV) was highest (p&lt;0.05) for rats on ODFCOM. The TPD and GPV were strongly correlated (Y = 5.716x-267.07) with R2 = 0.98. Amino acids values for the four samples were similar but leucine was highest in ODCOM. The determined values of mineral composition for SDCOM, ODCOM, SDFCOM and ODFCOM were also very similar, but phosphorous had the highest coefficient of variation (24.26%) followed by Ca, K, Zn, Mn, Mg and Cu. Oven dried fermented sample of coconut oil meal (ODFCOM) exhibited better protein quality index values than the others sun dried. © 2007 Academic Journals.	Coconut oil meal; Drying; Fermentation; Protein quality	Goose parvovirus; Rattus; Rattus norvegicus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897585708	Genetic parameters and factors affecting reproductive performance of White Fulani cattle in southwestern, Nigeria	Olawumi S.O., Salako A.E.	2010	Global Veterinaria	5	5	None	Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Olawumi, S.O., Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Salako, A.E., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	This study was carried out to determine the effects of sex of calf, age of cow and season of calving on calf birth weight in a herd of White Fulani cattle. The breed is dual purpose and trypano-toleramt. Data on 148 calves comprising of 66 males and 82 females were taken into account in this analysis. Average birth weight recorded for the calves was 23.82kg. Sex of calves significantly (P<0.05) influenced birth weight with male calves having superior values than females. The mean values were 24.54±0.51 and 23.19±0.48kg for males and females, respectively. Season of calving and age of cow had no significant effect on birth weight. Low repeatability estimate (R=0.28±0.01) was reported for birth weight in this herd. This implies that more records will be required per cow before any culling could be done in order to improve the herd's future performance. © IDOSI Publications, 2010.	Birth; Calf; Repeatability; Season; Sex	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885607330	Feed restriction and realimentation on performance and carcass characteristics of growing rabbits in a humid environment	Adeyemi O.A., Ajeboriogbon O.O., Aderinoye S.A.	2013	Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science	36	3	None	Department of Animal Production and Health, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Adeyemi, O.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ajeboriogbon, O.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Aderinoye, S.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	The effects of feed restriction for three weeks followed by a four-week realimentation on performance and carcass characteristics were investigated in growing rabbits in a derived savannah vegetation zone of South West Nigeria. Thirty (30) growing rabbits of mixed breeds and sexes with an average weight range of 750 - 800g were randomly distributedinto five restriction regimes which served as the study treatments. The rabbits were divided into five groups of six rabbits each. Each treatment was replicated three times with two rabbits per replicate. The experiment was carried out using the completely randomized design (CRD). The rabbits in Treatment 1 (T1) (control) were fed ad libitum, whereas those in Treatment 2 (T2) and Treatment 3 (T3) were restricted to 80% and 60% of ad libitum respectively throughout the 7-week study period. Meanwhile, the rabbits in Treatment 4 (T4) were restricted to 80% of ad libitum for three weeks and later fed ad libitum for the remaining three weeks, whereas those in Treatment 5 (T5) were restricted to 60% of ad libitum for three weeks and later fed ad libitum for the remaining four weeks. The trial lasted for 7 weeks after which the rabbits were starved overnight and slaughtered. Weight gain over the entire period, average daily gain and average daily feed intake over the 49 days of experimental period were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the feeding regime employed. The least average daily weight gain over the entire period of the experiment was observed on the rabbits subjected to 60% of ad libitum feeding throughout the experimental duration. The rabbits in Treatment 4 (which were restricted to 80% of ad libitum feeding for 3 weeks followed by 4 weeks of ad libitum feeding showed a consistent similarity in performance with the rabbits on ad libitum feeding (Control). Feed restriction regimes significantly influenced (P<0.05) dressed weight and dressing out percentage (DOP); however, there were no effects (P>0.05) on the forelimb, loin, hind limb and thoracic cage weights of the rabbit carcasses. In terms of overall performance, the rabbits in Treatment 4, however, required less feed to gain a unit weight as compared to the rabbits in other treatments. Based on the findings of this study, it was concluded that feed restriction did not significantly influence carcass yield and relative organs investigated. It is recommended that growing rabbits can be subjected to a three-week feed restriction of not more than 20% provided at least four weeks of ad libitum feeding is allowed for compensatory growth. © Universiti Putra Malaysia Press.	Carcass characteristics; Feed restriction; Performance; Rabbits; Realimentation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922553428	Effect of feed restriction and ascorbic acid supplementation on growth performance, rectal temperature and respiratory rate of broiler chicken	Olukomaiya O.O., Adeyemi O.A., Sogunle O.M., Abioja M.O., Ogunsola I.A.	2015	Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences	25	1	None	Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, Abe	Olukomaiya, O.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Adeyemi, O.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Sogunle, O.M., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Abioja, M.O., Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Ogunsola, I.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	A total of 252 two-week old Marshall broiler chickens were used in a 4 x 3 factorial experiment to determine the effect of feed restriction and ascorbic acid supplementation on growth performance, rectal temperature and respiratory rate of broiler chickens. The birds were weighed and randomly allotted to 12 treatments with 3 replicates of 7 birds each, subjected to 4 feed restriction levels: full feeding (AD), skip a day feeding (SAD), skip two days feeding (S2D) and skip three days feeding every week (S3D) for 24 hours from 15th to 35th day of age and 3 levels of ascorbic acid supplementation (0, 150, 300 mg/kg feed). Feed was provided ad libitum from days 36 to 56. Ascorbic acid supplementation had no effect (p>0.05) on the performance parameters measured during feed restriction. Birds on S3D fed diets containing 300 mg/kg ascorbic acid had the highest (p<0.05) weight gain during realimentation. Ascorbic acid lowered the rectal temperature in birds on S2D and S3D at the end of feed restriction. At the end of realimentation, birds on S3D fed diets containing 150 mg/kg ascorbic acid had the lowest (p<0.05) respiratory rate. Ascorbic acid supplementation at 150 mg/kg feed enhanced weight gain, rectal temperature and respiratory rate of broiler chickens on skip three days feeding every week. © 2015, Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum. All rights reserved.	Ascorbic acid; Broiler performance; Feed restriction; Rectal temperature; Respiratory rate	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924240896	Performance, haematological parameters and faecal egg count of semi-intensively managed West African dwarf sheep to varying levels of cassava leaves and peels supplementation	Fasae O.A., Amos A.O., Owodunni A., Yusuf A.O.	2015	Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science	38	1	None	Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Fasae, O.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Amos, A.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Owodunni, A., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Yusuf, A.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Thirty West African dwarf (WAD) sheep aged 18-24 months with average weight of 17.96±0.89kg, managed under semi-intensive system, were used in a 56-day experiment to investigate the effects of varying levels of cassava leaves (CL) and cassava peels (CPL) supplementation on the performance, haematological indices and faecal egg count of sheep. Animals were subjected to 6 dietary treatments of 100% CL, 100% CPL, 75% CL/25% CPL, 25% CL/75% CPL, 50% CL/50% CPL, and natural pasture (0% CL/0% CPL) in a complete randomized design. Results showed that weight gain (g/day) varied (P<0.05) across treatments from 26.25 to 44.64 with sheep supplemented with 75CL/25CPL having the highest (P < 0.05) growth rate and the least values observed in sheep on control treatment. The dry matter and crude protein digestibilities were least (P<0.05) in sheep supplemented with 100%CPL relative to other treatments. The white blood cells and total protein of sheep varied (P<0.05) across treatments, while supplementary diets of CL reduced faecal egg count in sheep. It was therefore concluded that the performance of sheep managed under the semi-intensive system, grazing natural pasture could further be enhanced through the supplementation of cassava leaves and peels with dietary levels of 75% CL/25% CPL recommended for sheep's optimum performance. © Universiti Putra Malaysia Press.	Cassava leaves; Cassava peels; Faecal egg count; Haematology; Performance; Sheep	Animalia; Manihot esculenta; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-83455236158	Evaluation of West African dwarf goat for some qualitative traits in Southwestern Nigeria	Adebayo J.O., Chineke C.A.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	28	10.5897/AJAR09.299	Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Adebayo, J.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Chineke, C.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Two hundred West African Dwarf (WAD) goats aged 1 to 6 years were examined during a ten months period, from October 2003 to July 2004 in randomly selected locations within Southwestern zone of Nigeria. Qualitative traits namely coat colour, polled trait, presence or absence of teat, wattle and beard were examined and described in all the experimental animals. Black colour observed in 54% of the animals predominated while brown and mixed colours accounted for 16 and 30% of all the animals respectively. All goats studied irrespective of sex were horned. The goats had a pair of teat each except eight goats with supernumerary teats. Possession of beard was common in all bucks observed, but 8.5% of the females had beard. About 36.5% of all the WAD goats examined possessed wattle. The phenotypic frequency of wattle and beard in WAD population was 0.37 and 0.21 respectively. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Frequencies; Management; Qualitative traits; West African dwarf (WAD) goat	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924454886	Growth performance and blood profile of female rabbits fed dietary cerium oxide	Adua O.A., Akinmuyisitana I.W., Gboreb F.A.	2013	Journal of Bio-Science	21	None	None	Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria	Adua, O.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Akinmuyisitana, I.W., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Gboreb, F.A., Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria	Context: Rare earth elements, the 15 lanthanide elements with atomic numbers 57 (lanthanum) through 71 (lutetium), have been reported to be capable of producing reasonable growth-promoting effects in all classes of livestock and at the same time increase milk yield and egg production. However, concentration and type of rare earth element as well as the compositions of individual elements are important factors influencing the performance enhancing effects of REE on animals. Objective: The effects of inclusion of different dietary concentrations of Cerium oxide (CeO), a Rare Earth Element on growth performance and blood parameters of female rabbits. Materials and Methods: In an 8-week feeding experiment, 32 growing female rabbits were used. The rabbits were assigned to different dietary concentrations of Cerium oxide (CeO) at 0, 100, 200 and 300 ppm. The initial weight, feed intake and final weight were determined. Blood samples were collected on the last day of the experiment for hematological and serum biochemical analyses. Results: The daily weight gain, daily dry matter intake and feed conversion ratio significantly increased (P<0.05) with increase in dietary CeO concentrations. The CeO supplemented diets generally had significantly (P<0.05) higher daily weight gain of 7.52 10.29 g compared with 6.65 g for those on the control diet. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, leukocyte and the mean differential leukocyte counts were significantly (P<0.05) influenced while the serum biochemical parameters examined, except urea, were not significantly (P>0.05) influenced by the dietary CeO. Conclusion: This study revealed that diets supplemented with CeO, particularly at 200 ppm concentration, is capable of improving body weight gain, daily dry matter intake and feed conversion ratio in rabbits without any detrimental effect on the blood parameters indicating good health status of the animals. © 2003 Institute of Biological Science. All rights reserved.	Cerium oxide; Growth; Hematology; Rabbit; Rare earth element; Serum biochemistry	Animalia; Oryctolagus cuniculus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78149295574	Response of broiler chickens in terms of performance and meat quality to garlic (Allium sativum) supplementation	Onibi G.E., Adebisi O.E., Fajemisin A.N., Adetunji A.V.	2009	African Journal of Agricultural Research	4	5	None	Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Onibi, G.E., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Adebisi, O.E., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Fajemisin, A.N., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Adetunji, A.V., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	A study was conducted to assess the effect of dietary garlic (Allium sativum) supplementation on the performance and meat quality of broiler chickens using a total of 300 day old Shaver Starbo chicks allotted at 10 birds per replicate and 6 replicates per treatment over a period of 7 weeks. The basal starter and finisher diets contained 228.61 and 201.42 g/kg CP, respectively. The control diet was the basal diet without garlic supplementation. Diets 2 and 3 contained supplementary raw garlic powder at 500 and 5,000 mg/kg diet respectively, while diets 4 and 5 contained supplementary boiled garlic powder at 500 and 5,000 mg/kg diet respectively. 4 female birds per replicate were slaughtered at the end of the trial to evaluate carcass and muscle characteristics, garlic aroma and palatability scores of the meat and oxidative stability of refrigerated meat at 4°C for 6 days were determined. The average weight gain, average feed intake and feed conversion ratio of the birds were not significantly (P > 0.05) influenced by dietary treatments. Broiler chickens fed garlic supplemented diets had marginally higher weight gain than those fed the control diet and was higher at high level of garlic supplementation (39.18 ± 0.94, 40.42 ± 0.45, 42.39 ± 1.57, 39.72 ± 2.97 and 41.42 ± 2.60 g/bird/day for Diets 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively; P > 0.05). The carcass and organ characteristics of the chickens were not significantly affected (P>0.05) by dietary garlic supplementation but abdominal fat contents were numerically lowered due to supplementary garlic. Moisture contents of broiler chickens were not significantly (P > 0.05) influenced. Garlic aroma (P < 0.001) and palatability (P > 0.05) scores increased with increasing level of dietary garlic supplementation. Thigh muscle had the highest score for garlic aroma (2.60 ± 1.30), followed by drumstick (2.57 ± 1.14) and lowest for breast muscle (2.50 ± 1.17) (P > 0.05). Oxidation susceptibility of meat, measured as concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased with increasing level of supplementary garlic fed to the chickens (P < 0.01). Muscle MDA concentration was in order of thigh > drumstick > breast (P < 0.001). It was concluded that supplementation of chicken diets with garlic marginally improved weight gain and it was better at high level of supplementation (5,000 mg/kg diet). Boiled compared with raw garlic powder produced no beneficial effect. Dietary garlic supplementation improved meat quality by increasing meat palatability score and reducing the extent of oxidation of meat during refrigerated storage. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Broilers; Garlic; Garlic aroma; Meat; Oxidative stability; Palatability; Performance	Allium sativum; Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-73949140351	Growth performance and meat wholesomeness of broiler chickens reared on different types of litter materials	Adebayo I.A., Awoniyi T.A.M., Akenroye A.H.	2009	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	7	04-Mar	None	Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Food Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Adebayo, I.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure, Nigeria; Awoniyi, T.A.M., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure, Nigeria; Akenroye, A.H., Department of Food Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	In an experiment carried out to determine the effects of using different litter materials on the growth performance and wholesomeness of broiler meat for consumption, one hundred and fifty day old broiler chicks were purchased from a commercial hatchery. The chicks were reared for eight weeks and thereafter examined for carcass quality and bacterial load. Wood shavings (control) and saw-dusts, both from Brachystegia eurycoma wood; ricehusks, sand and grass (Eleusine indica) were used as the study litter materials. These constituted the five treatments, each replicated thrice in a completely randomized design. Ten broiler chicks were weighed and randomly assigned per replicate. Data were taken per replicate on weekly basis. The results showed that birds reared on rice husks were significantly affected (P&lt;0.05) in weight gain in the first two weeks of the experiment, while feed consumption and feed conversion ratios were not significantly affected (P&gt;0.05) by all the treatments. Belly fat alone was significantly affected (P&lt;0.05) by type of litter materials in all carcass and organ parameters tested. Mortality rate of experimental birds were less than 3.5% throughout the period of the experiment. Bacterial counts of 3.4 x 103 and 7.5 x 103 colonies formed per unit (CFU) were found in the duodenum of broilers reared on grass and wood shavings, respectively. Bacterial isolates from the pure cultures included Streptococcus faecalis, Esherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella and Salmonella species. These results showed that any of the litter materials used in this study could be used for rearing broiler chickens on a deep litter system. Also, meat of broiler chickens reared on the study litter materials are safe and wholesome for human consumption.	Bacteriological condition; Broiler chickens; Growth performance; Litter materials	animal food; article; bacterial count; bird; carcass; chicken; colony forming unit; food intake; grass; hatchery; Klebsiella; meat industry; mortality; nonhuman; Salmonella; sand; Staphylococcus aureus; wood; Aves; Bacteria (microorganisms); Brachystegia; Eleusine indica; Enterococcus faecalis; Eurycoma; Gallus gallus; Klebsiella; Salmonella; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879255007	Evaluation of lead and cadmium heavy metal residues in milk and milk products sold in Ogbomoso, Southwestern Nigeria	Tona G.O., Adetunji V.O., Ameen S.A., Ibikunle A.O.	2013	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	12	2	None	Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Veterinary Public Health Unit, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nig	Tona, G.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Adetunji, V.O., Veterinary Public Health Unit, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Ameen, S.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Ibikunle, A.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria	The concentrations of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) heavy metals in cow milk, goat milk butterfat, soft cheese and yoghurt samples were evaluated. Forty samples (eight of each sample) were analyzed using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. There were detectable residual concentrations of Pb and Cd in all the 40 samples. The range of 0.0025 to 0.0061 ppm of Pb concentrations in the samples was within the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) of 0.0125 to 0.0175 ppm of Pb in milk and dairy products. There was a significantly (P<0.05) higher mean Pb concentration of 0.0061±0.0025 ppm in the soft cheese samples. The residual concentrations of Pb in the cow milk samples were not significantly (P>0.05) different from that of the goat milk samples. Residual concentrations of Cd were higher in soft cheese samples (0.0048±0.0007 ppm) and in goat milk samples (0.0045±0.0005 ppm Cd) and these two concentrations exceeded the MRL of 0.0035 ppm of Cd recommended by India regulations. The residual concentration of Cd in goat milk samples (0.0045±0.0005 ppm) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than in the cow milk samples (0.0021±0.0007 ppm). The results of this study showed that all the milk and milk products samples analyzed contained residues of Pb and Cd heavy metals. The observation of residual Cd concentrations above the MRLs in the soft cheese samples and in the goat milk samples is of public health concern and could cause health hazards to consumers. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2013.	Cadmium; Heavy metals; Lead; Milk; Milk products	cadmium; lead; yoghurt; article; atomic absorption spectrometry; butter; cheese; concentration (parameters); dairy product; European Union; food contamination; food quality; government regulation; health hazard; India; maximum residue limit; milk; Nigeria; nonhuman; public health; Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38049080630	Growth performance, organ characteristics and carcass quality of weaner rabbits fed different levels of wild sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia Hemsl A. Gray) leaf-blood meal mixture	Olabanji R.O., Farinu G.O., Akinlade J.A., Ojebiyi O.O.	2007	International Journal of Agricultural Research	2	12	None	Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso Oyo State, Nigeria	Olabanji, R.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso Oyo State, Nigeria; Farinu, G.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso Oyo State, Nigeria; Akinlade, J.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso Oyo State, Nigeria; Ojebiyi, O.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso Oyo State, Nigeria	Thirty-two crossed-bred rabbits of mixed sexes were used to investigate the effect of different inclusion levels of Wild Sunflower Leaf-blood Meal (WSFLBM) mixture on growth performance, carcass and organ characteristics of weaned rabbits in a completely randomized experimental design. Four diets were formulated to contain 0% (control), 5, 10 and 20% WSFLBM. The trial lasted for 56 days. Results showed that rabbits on 5, 10 and 20% inclusion levels had daily feed intake, average daily weight gain and feed to gain ratio that were comparable (p>0.05) to those on control diet. The feed cost per kg diet was significantly (p<0.05) reduced as the level of inclusion of WSFLBM mixture increased. The feed cost per kg weight gain was however not affected (p>0.05). Relative weights of heart, lung, kidney, spleen, stomach pancreas and large intestine of rabbits on WSFLBM diets compared favourably with those rabbit on the control diet (p>0.05). It was concluded that wild sunflower leaf-blood meal mixture (WSFLBM) could be efficiently utilized and tolerated by weaner rabbits up to 20% inclusion level without any deleterious effect. However, further investigation into the long - term effect on internal organs and reproductive performance is suggested. © 2007 Academic Journals Inc.	Cross-bred rabbits; Feed cost; Feed intake; Organ weights; WSFLBM	Helianthus; Helianthus annuus; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Tithonia diversifolia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-64849087786	Effect of replacing maize with a mixture of rumen content and blood meal on the performances of growing rabbits: initial study with mash feed	Togun V.A., Farinu G.O., Ojebiyi O.O., Awotunde A.I.	2009	World Rabbit Science	17	1	None	Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	Togun, V.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Farinu, G.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Ojebiyi, O.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Awotunde, A.I., Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	A total of 24 cross-bred male weaner rabbits, between 6-8 weeks of age, were fed diets which included a mixture (50:50) of rumen content (RC) and blood meal (BM), containing a crude protein content of 37.6% and crude fibre content of 9.0%, at 0 (control), 10 and 20% levels. The mixture replaced maize and maize bran in the control diet. The 3 experimental diets were restricted to 100 g daily in mash form for a period of 8 weeks to the individually housed rabbits. The inclusion of RC+BM mixture in diet 1 at 10% (RB1O) significantly (P<0.05) worsed final live weight, daily feed intake, daily weight gain and feed: gain ratio, while its inclusion at 20% (RB2O) only reduced daily feed intake. Weight gain in controls, RB 10 and RB 20 was 483, 273 and 422 g, respectively. Kidney, spleen and lungs, but not the liver, were observed to be significantly (P<0.05) affected by the dietary treatment. Carcass yield followed a similar response pattern as final live weight, since it was a product of the final live weight. However, left thigh muscle components were not affected by the dietary treatments. This preliminary study indicated that more research is necessary to reduce the negative effect on feed intake when RC-BM mixture (50:50 ratio) is included in growing rabbit diets, which was probably due to the presentation form applied. © WRSA, UPV, 2003.	Blood meal; Growing rabbits; Performance; rumen content	Oryctolagus cuniculus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41549090575	Evaluation of growth traits and short-term laying performance of three different strains of chicken in the derived savannah zone of Nigeria	Ojedapo L.O., Akinokun O., Adedeji T.A., Olayeni T.B., Ameen S.A., Ige A.O., Amao S.R.	2008	International Journal of Poultry Science	7	1	None	Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria	Ojedapo, L.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Akinokun, O., Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Adedeji, T.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Olayeni, T.B., Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Ameen, S.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Ige, A.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Amao, S.R., Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria	Growth evaluation and short-term egg laying performance of 360 commercial layers of three different strains, Brown shaver (BRS), Nera black (NB) and Black shaver (BLS) were studied at day old, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks. Parameters measured were bodyweight, body length, breast girth and keel length. Body weight and other body dimensions were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by strain of chickens. Nera black layers consistently had the highest body parameters at all ages. Generally, body parameters increased with increasing age of the birds. The correlation coefficients amongst the body parameters revealed positively high and significant (P<0.05) relationship. Traits considered for egg laying performance were egg number and egg weight. Strains significantly (P<0.05) affected mean egg number and egg weight at weeks 4, 7 and 8; and 12, 13 and 15 respectively. BRS laid more eggs per bird than other genotypes, followed by NB and BLS, the least. Egg weight was highest in BRS, NB and BLS in that order. Estimates of correlation coefficient showed that the traits being considered are mostly positive but with low correlation of egg number to egg weight for BRS and BLS. Phenotypic correlations of egg traits were found to be negative between egg number and egg weights in NB. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008.	Derived savannah; Nera; Shaver; Short-term; Strains	Aves; Bovine respiratory syncytial virus; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547689825	Performance and histological responses of internal organs of broiler chickens fed raw, dehulled, and aqueous and dry-heated kidney bean meals	Emiola I.A., Ologhobo A.D., Gous R.M.	2007	Poultry Science	86	6	None	Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, PMB 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Discipline of Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 3200 Scottsville, Pietermartzburg, South Africa; Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. R3T 2N2, Canada	Emiola, I.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, PMB 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria, Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. R3T 2N2, Canada; Ologhobo, A.D., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Gous, R.M., Discipline of Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 3200 Scottsville, Pietermartzburg, South Africa	The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of raw and differently processed [aqueous heating, dehulled, and dry heating (toasted)] kidney bean meals on the performance, weights, and histology of internal organs of broiler chicken. The feeding trial lasted for 56 d. Two hundred twenty-five 1-d-old broiler chicks (Anak strain) were used for the study. There were 5 treatment groups of 3 replicates with 15 birds per replicate. Raw and processed kidney bean meals were used to replace 50% protein supplied by soybean in the control diet. Data collected were used to evaluate feed intake, weight gain, and efficiency of feed utilization. The weights of liver, pancreas, kidney, heart, and lungs were also recorded and tissue samples of each collected for histological examination. Average daily food intake, average daily gain, and efficiency of feed utilization were influenced by the dietary treatments. Average daily food intake and average daily gain in birds fed the control diet and heat-treated kidney bean meals were similar and significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those fed raw or dehulled meals. Feed conversion ratio was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in birds fed raw or dehulled meals compared with those fed the control diet. The relative weight of the pancreas was significantly (P < 0.05) increased as a result of acinar hypertrophy. The kidney had severe congestion of glomeruli and distention of the capillary vessels with numerous thrombi in birds fed raw and dehulled kidney bean meals. The weight of the liver was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in birds fed raw and dehulled meals, and the liver was characterized by marked coagulative necrosis and degeneration of the hepatocytes. The structural alterations were attributed to intake of trypsin inhibitors and haemagglutinins in the processed seeds. In conclusion, aqueous heated kidney bean meal can be used to replace 50% protein supplied by soybean meal in broiler starter and finisher diets without any adverse effect on the performance and the internal organs. ©2007 Poultry Science Association Inc.	Histology; Kidney bean seed; Organ weight; Performance; Processing	Aves; Gallus gallus; Glycine max; Phaseolus vulgaris; animal; animal disease; animal food; article; chicken; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; diet; female; food handling; growth, development and aging; heart; heat; histology; kidney; legume; liver; lung; male; methodology; organ size; pancreas; randomized controlled trial; Animal Feed; Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animals; Chickens; Diet; Fabaceae; Female; Food Handling; Heart; Heat; Kidney; Liver; Lung; Male; Organ Size; Pancreas	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77950115930	Maize-sorghum based brewery by-product as an energy substitute in broiler starter: Effect on performance, carcass characteristics, organs and muscle growth	Fasuyi A.O.	2005	International Journal of Poultry Science	4	5	10.3923/ijps.2005.334.338	Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	Fasuyi, A.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	Maize-Sorghum brewers' dried grains (MSBDG) is a by-product of beer production. Proximate composition studies were conducted as a prelude to MSBDG incorporation in broiler starter diet. Four broiler starter diets were formulated such that MSBDG were fed at 0, 10, 20 and 30% inclusion levels at the expense of maize. A batch of 240 starter-chicks was randomly assigned in triplicate to these dietary treatments. Each diet was fed to 60 birds/treatment from day old for 35 days. The final weight, average weight and Nitrogen retention of the chicks fed MSBDG at 10% and 20% dietary levels were similar to those fed the control diet; both being significantly (P = 0.05) higher that those fed diet 4 (30% dietary inclusion). The weight gain, average feed consumption as well as feed efficiency declined in diet 4 (at 30% inclusion level). At the end of the feeding trial, the chicks were sacrificed for carcass characteristics, relative organ and muscle measurements. The relative weights of the heart and belly fat were significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by dietary treatments. Among the muscles weighed, only the relative weight of Pectorialis thoracicus was significantly (P < 0.05) influenced. The weight of P. thoracicus was highest in chicks fed diet 2 (10% MSBDG inclusion level). It was concluded that MSBDG can act as an energy substitute for maize at inclusion levels of about 20% in broiler starter diets without any adverse effect on performance, carcass characteristics and muscle development in broiler chicks. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2005.	Beer production; Carcass characteristics; Maize-sorghum brewers' dried grains	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33645788415	Protein replacement value of Cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) leaf protein concentrate (CLPC) in broiler starter: Effect on performance, muscle growth, haematology and serum metabolites	Fasuyi A.O., Aletor V.A.	2005	International Journal of Poultry Science	4	5	10.3923/ijps.2005.339.349	Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Animal Production and Health, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Fasuyi, A.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Aletor, V.A., Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Animal Production and Health, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) leaf protein concentrate (CLPC) was used to replace a known and conventional source of protein in broiler starter diets 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% respectively. The reference diet 1 was one where fish meal was the major source in the diet without CLPC. The inclusion level of CLPC was 1.61, 3.22, 4.82, 6.43 and 8.04 respectively for diets 2 to 6. A batch of 120 starter chicks was randomly assigned in triplicate to these dietary treatments (i.e. chicks/treatment). The final weight and average weight gain of diet 1 (0% FM replacement) was significantly higher than others (P &lt; 0.05) even when the average feed consumption was similar for diets 1, 2, 3 and 4. The feed efficiency (FE) for diets 1 and 2 was also similar (P = 0.05). The nitrogen retention for diets 1, 2 and 4 was similar (P = 0.05). Diets 2, 3 and 4 also had similar values (P = 0.05). The dressed weight of chicks in diets 2 and 6 was similar (P = 0.05) while that of diets 5 and 6 was also similar (P = 0.05). Except for kidney, pancreas and lungs, all other organs measured showed similar values (P = 0.05). The weight of inner chest muscle (supra coracoideus) of birds on diets 1, 2, 3 and 4 were similar (P = 0.05). The weight of outer chest muscle (Pectorialis thoracicus) and thigh muscles (Gastrocnemius) were similar (P = 0.05) with diet 5 (80% FM replacement with CLPC) having the longest inner chest muscle length of 20.7±4.3cmkg-1. Except for red blood cell (RBC) and mean cell volume (MCV), all other parameters measured were similar (P = 0.05). The values of total serum protein, albumin, globulin and albumin/globulin ratio were similar (P = 0.05). Also the values for liver protein, albumin, globulin and liver albumin/globulin ratio were similar (P = 0.05). It was concluded that CLPC as a replacement for FM as a protein source had no deleterious effect up till 60%. However, several parameters investigated strongly support a realistic replacement of 40% FM with CLPC in practical diets. Performance can still be enhanced with supplementation of essential amino acids (EAAs). © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2005.	Cassava leaf protein concentrate; Pectorialis thoracicus; Reference diet	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84950107048	Evaluation of feed quantity offered, feeding frequency and duration of feeding on the performance of growing pigs	Njoku C.P., Aina A.B.J., Sogunle O.M., Adeyemi O.A., Oduguwa O.O.	2013	Thai Journal of Agricultural Science	46	3	None	Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Njoku, C.P., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Aina, A.B.J., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Sogunle, O.M., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Adeyemi, O.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Oduguwa, O.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Tremendous progress has been recorded in pig nutrition in the last three decades. However, there is dearth of information with respect to the various methods of feed management practices in pig production. Hence, a 3×3×2 factorial experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of feed quantity offered (1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 kg), feeding frequency (one, two and three times per day) and feeding duration (3 and 5 months) on the growth performance of growing pigs. A total of forty-five eight-week weaner Large White male pigs were randomly assigned to three main treatments with each treatment consisting of three replicates of five pigs each. The experimental animals were housed in individual pens with concrete floor size of 2 m by 1 m equipped with feeding and watering troughs. Feeding was carried out at 07:00, 12:00 and 17:00 hours each day depending on the feeding frequency. Weekly data were collected on dry matter intake, change in body weight, water consumption rate, pulse rate, rectal temperature, frequency and quantity of faecal excretion. Terminal carcass evaluation was carried out at the 3rd and 5th months. Data obtained were subjected to 3-way analysis of variance. Performance response (final live weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio) increased significantly (P&lt;0.05) with increase in the quantity of feed offered from treatment 1 to treatment 3, while water intake and feed cost per weight gain decreased significantly (P&lt;0.05) from 4.80 to 3.59 L pig-1 day-1 and $0.87 to $0.63, respectively with increase in quantity of feed offered. Feed intake, water intake, feed cost and frequency of faecal excretion increased significantly (P&lt;0.05) with increased feeding frequency while rectal temperature decreased significantly (P&lt;0.05) from 39.02 to 38.62°C with increased feeding frequency. The interaction among the quantity of feed offered, feeding frequency and feeding duration showed that growing pigs fed 2.5 kg pig-1 day-1 thrice per day for 3 months performed better in terms of growth. So, the productivity of pigs should not be based on a single factor of feed management but on interaction among these factors (feed quantity, frequency of feeding and feeding duration).	Duration; Frequency; Performance; Pig; Quantity	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349647847	Studies on performance of young African goats fed diets containing sulphur additive	Bawala T.O., Akinsoyinu A.O., Yusuf A.O.	2009	Nutrition and Food Science	39	4	10.1108/00346650910976301	Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Bawala, T.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Akinsoyinu, A.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Yusuf, A.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of dietary sulphur supplementation from elemental sulphur on the growth performance, nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) utilisation, rumen microbial volatile fatty acids production, acid/base balance, serum biochemical status and haematological profile of young West African dwarf and Red Sokoto (Maradi) goats, with a view of improving their nutrition for greater performance. Design/methodology/approach - Twenty-four (12 of each) growing West African dwarf and Red Sokoto goats were fed isonitrogenous (17 per cent) and isocaloric (3.98 Mcal/kgDM) treatments containing varying levels of elemental sulphur at (percentage DM) 0.00, 0.15 and 0.20 in a 2×3 factorial arrangement within randomized complete block design. After a 61 day feeding trial, the performances of the goats were assessed and compared. Findings - The results showed that S supplementation increased (p<0.05) weight gain and feed efficiency in the fed goats with those on 0.20 per cent S level recorded highest values. Similar trends were observed for N and S retention, haematological and serum biochemical studies. S supplementation did not influence (p>0.05) ruminal pH, lactate and acid/base balance. Increased dietary S inclusion increased (p<0.05) molar proportions of acetate and priopionate. Practical implications - Owing to the outstanding performances of goats fed 0.15 and 0.20 per cent S dietary levels relative to their contemporaries on an unsupplemented (0.00 per cent) S diet, inclusion of S in the diet of growing animals becomes necessary for optimal production. Originality/value - The paper provides information on the influence of sulphur on animal performance as poor nutrition constitutes a limiting factor to animal production. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Diet; Livestock; Nutrition; Sulphur	Animalia; Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750456985	Nutritional evaluation of rumen epithelial tissue scrapings in goat nutrition	Oluwakemi T.O., Olaleye A.O.	2006	Nutrition and Food Science	36	6	10.1108/00346650610712225	Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Oluwakemi, T.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Olaleye, A.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Purpose - High cost of feed forms a major constraint to livestock production in Nigeria. The purpose of this paper is to show how improved nutritional strategies such as incorporation of unconventional feed resources, such as rumen epithelial tissue scrapings (RETS), which are cheap in cost and availability into the livestock diets, can reduce feed cost and hence achieve a greater profit with a optimal animal performance, become imperative. Design/methodology/approach - Fifteen lactating West African dwarf goats were randomly allotted into each of three dietary groups (A, B and C) of five animals in a completely randomized design. Each diet contained one of the three dietary protein sources, namely, urea (A), RETS (B) and groundnut cake (GNC) (C) representing non-protein nitrogen, unconventional natural protein and conventional natural protein sources respectively. After 90 day feeding trial, the performances (dry matter intake, weight gain, milk yield/composition and the blood chemistry) of the goats fed with RETS diet (B) were assessed and compared with those of other two groups (A and C) fed with urea and GNC diets respectively. Findings - The result show that goats fed with RETS and GNC diets had similar performances and performed better than those fed with urea diet. Practical implications - RETS is inexpensive and portends no danger to animal health on account of toxicity, as compared to GNC and urea respectively. Its' inclusion in goat diet, however, gives a least cost wholesome ration formula. Original/value - Nutrition accounts for a greater proportion of production cost expenses in livestock industry. The results indicate that the cost of production can be minimized with the utilization of unconventional feed resources in goat nutrition for farmers to achieve the maximum profit.	Animal feed; Livestock; Nigeria; Nutrition	Animalia; Arachis hypogaea; Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879008580	Free range and deep litter housing systems: Effect on performance and blood profile of two strains of cockerel chickens	Olaniyi O.A., Oyenaiya O.A., Sogunle O.M., Akinola O.S., Adeyemi O.A., Ladokun O.A.	2012	Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems	15	3	None	Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Physiology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Olaniyi, O.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Oyenaiya, O.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Sogunle, O.M., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Akinola, O.S., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Adeyemi, O.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ladokun, O.A., Department of Animal Physiology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	This study was conducted to determine the performance and blood profile of one hundred and fifty cockerel chickens each of Harco Black and Novogen strains raised on deep litter and free range production systems. Each production system was allotted 150 chicks in three replications of 25 chicks per strain. The birds on deep litter production system were fed ad libitum while each of the birds on free range was fed 50 % of its daily feed requirement. The birds were weighed weekly. Blood plasma and serum were collected at the 4th and 12th weeks for laboratory analyses. Data generated were subjected to analysis of variance in a 2×2 factorial arrangement. Novogen strain consumed less feed (P<0.05) on free range and had the best feed: gain (2.72 ± 0.14). At the 4th week, strain significantly (P<0.05) affected the packed cell volume, haemoglobin, red blood cell count, serum total protein, serum albumin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and was evident at the 12th week. In conclusion, Novogen strain should be raised on free range for a better performance in terms of feed: gain but in the blood profile, the two strains of birds could be managed in any of the production systems.	Blood profile; Cockerel chicken; Feed: Gain; Performance; Production system	Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879295293	Pelletized feed of different particle sizes: Effects on performance, carcass characteristics and intestinal morphology of two strains of broiler chicken	Aderibigbe O.B., Sogunle O.M., Egbeyale L.T., Abiola S.S., Ladokun O.A., Ajayi O.L.	2013	Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science	36	2	None	Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Physiology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Ve	Aderibigbe, O.B., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Sogunle, O.M., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Egbeyale, L.T., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Abiola, S.S., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ladokun, O.A., Department of Animal Physiology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ajayi, O.L., Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	This study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding pelletized feeds of different particle sizes on the performance, carcass characteristics and intestinal morphology of two strains of broiler chickens. A total of one hundred and eighty (180) birds consisting of 90 birds each of Marshal MY and Hubbard strains of broiler chicken were used in the experiment. They were brooded for 14 days and thereafter divided into two treatment groups, namely, fed with feed of different particle sizes of 1 and 2mm. These were further divided into 3 replicates of 15 chicks and the experimental period was 42 days. The performance of the chicks was monitored weekly. At week eight, 3 birds per replicate were randomly selected, weighed, slaughtered via neck slit, defeathered, singed and eviscerated for carcass evaluation. The intestinal morphometry and histomorphometry of the birds were analysed. Data collected were arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial layout and subjected to 2-way Analysis of Variance. Significant (P<0.05) differences were observed in the final weight, weight gain and protein efficiency ratio with Hubbard strain having better values than Marshal. Mortality (P<0.05) was lower in the birds fed with feed particle size of 2 mm. In addition, significantly (P<0.05) higher values were obtained in the head, drum stick, shank and keel of birds fed with feed with particle size of 2mm. Meanwhile, the highest (P<0.05) villus height was recorded for Hubbard fed 2mm feed particle size while Marshal had the least value. Hence, pelletized feed of 2mm particle size was recommended for broiler production. © Universiti Putra Malaysia Press.	Carcass characteristic; Hubbard strain; Intestinal morphology; Marshal strain; Particle size; Pelletized feed; Performance	Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-53649085404	Comparison of the performance, carcass characteristics and haematological parameters of broiler chicks reared in cage and floor	Sogunle O.M., Egbeyale L.T., Bajomo T.T., Bamigboje O.V., Fanimo A.O.	2008	Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences	11	3	10.3923/pjbs.2008.480.483	Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Sogunle, O.M., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Egbeyale, L.T., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Bajomo, T.T., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Bamigboje, O.V., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Fanimo, A.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	This study was conducted to determine the effect of housing systems on the performance, carcass characteristics and the haematology of 150 four-week old Anak titan strains of broiler chicks in a completely randomized design. The birds were allocated randomly into two treatment (cage and floor) groups of three replications containing 25 birds per replicate. They were maintained for a period of 4 weeks and data were collected on; final body weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed:gain and mortality. At the 56th week, carcass yield, cut-up parts and organs weights as well as some parameters were measured. The results showed that feed intake and feed:gain were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the cage system. Dressing percentage and breast weight were higher (p<0.05) in the floor housing system while drumstick and lung weight were higher in the cage system. No significant (p>0.05) difference was obtained in the haematology. It was then concluded that an improvement in the floor system could result into a better performance and an increased carcass yield. © 2008 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Anak titan chicks; Carcass yield; Haematology; Housing systems	animal; animal husbandry; article; chicken; comparative study; hematology; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Chickens; Hematology; Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650994201	Growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat sensory evaluation of West African dwarf sheep fed varying levels of maize and cassava hay	Fasae O.A., Adu I.F., Aina A.B.J., Dipeolu M.A.	2011	Tropical Animal Health and Production	43	2	10.1007/s11250-010-9723-y	Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Fasae, O.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Adu, I.F., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Aina, A.B.J., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Dipeolu, M.A., College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	A study was conducted to determine the growth performance and meat yield and quality of West African dwarf sheep. Twenty rams weighing an average of 15.3 ± 0.79 kg live weight and with an average age of 18 months were allotted at random to five dietary treatments of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% maize hay (MH) for a period of 105 days. Dry matter (DM) intake and growth rate of the rams were improved as the level of cassava hay (CH) increased in the diets. Live weight gain varied significantly (P < 0.05) across the treatments, ranging from 38.8 to 47.9 g/day. The carcass weight of the rams fed 100% MH was significantly (P < 0.05) lower compared with the other treatments. Dressing percentage ranged from 56.5% to 61.0% with no significant (P > 0.05) difference observed across the treatments, while the distribution of the slaughtered parts was similar (P > 0.05) regardless of the dietary treatment. Proximate composition of the meat from the loin indicated that the DM, crude protein, fat and ash contents were not influenced (P > 0.05) by the dietary treatments. Panellists rated the meat to be similar (P > 0.05) in flavour, juiciness, tenderness and overall acceptability while colour and texture varied significantly (P < 0.05) across the treatments. In conclusion, this study indicated that better growth performance and meat production in West African dwarf sheep can be improved in form of body weight and carcass production when fed 25%MH and 75% CH diet. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Carcass characteristics; Dwarf sheep; Growth; Hay	animal; animal disease; animal food; article; body composition; cassava; diet; growth, development and aging; maize; meat; physiology; sheep; standard; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Body Composition; Diet; Manihot; Meat; Sheep; Zea mays; Manihot esculenta; Ovis aries; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877071825	Performance of broiler chickens fed diets containing cassava leaf: Blood meal mix as replacement for soybean meal [Rendimiento de pollos de engorde alimentados con dietas conteniendo una mezcla de hojas de yuca: Harina de sangre como reemplazo de harina d	Adeyemi O.A., Adekoya J.A., Sobayo R.A.	2012	Revista Cientifica UDO Agricola	12	1	None	Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production, Olabisi Onabanjo University, PMB 0012, Ayetoro, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Nutrition, Universit	Adeyemi, O.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Adekoya, J.A., Department of Animal Production, Olabisi Onabanjo University, PMB 0012, Ayetoro, Ogun State, Nigeria; Sobayo, R.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	The trial reported herein investigated the performance of broiler chicken on diet containing cassava leaf meal (CLM)/blood meals (BM) mix in replacement for soybean meal (SBM). One hundred and fifty, two weeks-old broilers were randomly allotted to five experimental diets such that each dietary treatment was replicated six times with five birds per replicate. The experimental diets were formulated such that the diets contained 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% CLM/BM mix as replacement for SBM respectively. The diets were fed over a 6-week period. Birds fed 100% CLM/BM replacement for SBM had the highest (P<0.05) feed intake, lower weight gain and poorer feed conversion ratio than the control. Weight gain and FCR were significantly higher in birds fed 50% CLM/BM in replacement for SBM than the other CLM/BM based groups. The values for the dressed weight, thigh muscle and drumstick were higher (P<0.05) in birds fed 50% CLM/BM diets than in the other dietary groups. The breast weight and abdominal fat were not affected by the diets. The weights of the liver, kidney, heart and spleen were not affected by the treatments whereas those of the crop, gizzard, proventriculus and caecum increased (P<0.05) with increasing dietary inclusion of CLM/BM in the diet. In conclusion, it can be inferred based on the general observations recorded in this study that broiler diets containing cassava leaf meal: blood meal mixture in replacement for soybean meal promote comparable daily feed intake and feed to gain ratio as their soybean based control diet and had no deleterious effect on performance. The results obtained in this trial showed that birds on diet 3 (with dietary level of inclusion 50% SBM: 50%CLM: BM) elicited the best response in terms of weight gain, feed intake and feed: gain ratio. It is concluded that not more than 50% of dietary CLM/BM should be used as a replacement for soybean.	Broiler chicken; Cassava leaf: blood meal mix; Performance	Aves; Gallus gallus; Glycine max; Manihot esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874708260	Effect of supplementary protein source on the performance of indigenous meat goats fed guinea grass hay	Kato H.W., Kabi F., Mutetikka D.	2013	Livestock Research for Rural Development	25	2	None	Department of Animal Production and Range Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment Gulu University, P.O.Bo x 166, Gulu, Uganda; Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda	Kato, H.W., Department of Animal Production and Range Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment Gulu University, P.O.Bo x 166, Gulu, Uganda; Kabi, F., Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Mutetikka, D., Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda	The effect of different supplementary protein sources on average body weight gain, feed intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and feed conversion was studied using twenty-four yearling Mubende goats. The animals, which averaged 15.4±2.1 kg, were assigned to four treatment diets in a randomized complete block design. The basal diet consisted of guinea grass hay fed together with 200g of maize bran/mineral mixture. The four protein supplements included lablab hay (LBLB), sweet potato vines (SPV), cassava leaf meal (CLM) and sunflower meal (SFM). The protein supplements supplied 10g N daily for a feeding period of 100 days. Thereafter, all male goats were transferred to metabolic cages for a nitrogen balance trial. Cassava leaf meal supported better growth and feed conversion and higher N retention compared with Lablab hay, sweet potato vines and sunflower seed meal.	Average daily gain; Cassava leaf meal; Dry matter intake; Feed conversion ratio; Lablab hay; Mubende goats; Nitrogen balance; Sunflower meal; Sweet potato vines	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941175383	Nutrient intake, digestibility and growth performance of Washera lambs supplemented with graded levels of sweet blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) seed	Ephrem N., Tegegne F., Mekuriaw Y., Yeheyis L.	2015	Small Ruminant Research	130	None	10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.07.019	Department of Animal Production and Technology, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Arid Land Research Centre, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, Japan; Amhara Region Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 527, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia	Ephrem, N., Department of Animal Production and Technology, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Tegegne, F., Department of Animal Production and Technology, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, Arid Land Research Centre, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, Japan; Mekuriaw, Y., Department of Animal Production and Technology, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Yeheyis, L., Amhara Region Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 527, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia	The experiment was conducted to evaluate nutrient intake, digestibility and growth performance of Washera lambs fed natural pasture hay-based diet supplemented with graded levels of sweet blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) seed. Twenty male intact Washera lambs with average age of four months and initial body weight of 16.9±0.32kg (mean±SD) were used in 90 days feeding trial followed by 10 days digestibility trial. The design of the experiment was randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five replications. The four supplement feeds were;150g wheat bran (WB) (control-T<inf>1</inf>), 150g WB+195g sweet lupin seed (SLS) (T<inf>2</inf>), 150g WB+245g SLS (T<inf>3</inf>) and 150g WB and 295g SLS (T<inf>4</inf>). Natural pasture hay was offered ad libitum. Digestibility trial was conducted at the end of the growth trial. Data were analyzed using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedures of SAS (version 9.2). Means were separated using Duncan's Multiple Range test. Correlation between nutrient intake, digestibility of nutrients and weight gain were analyzed using Pearson correlation procedure. Results showed that supplementation of SLS significantly increased total dry matter, crude protein and organic matter intakes. Supplementation of SLS improved the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter (P<0.05) and crude protein (P<0.001). However, the digestibility of NDF and ADF were not affected by supplementation (P 0.05). Average daily gain (ADG) was higher (P<0.001) for the SLS supplemented groups (61.8-89.1g/day). It was concluded that sweet blue lupin seed could serve as alternative CP supplement in natural pasture hay-based feeding of Washera sheep. Based on the biological performance of the experimental lambs (ADG and FCE values), T<inf>3</inf> could be recommended for practical feeding of lambs if optimum performance is targeted. © 2015 Elsevier B.V..	Digestibility; Dryland; Ethiopia; Grass hay; Nutrient intake; Sweet blue lupin; Washera sheep; Weight change	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900526166	Performance of Mashona doelings supplemented with different levels of velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens L. DC. var. utilis) seed meal	Madzimure J., Mutema N., Chimonyo M., Bakare A.G., Mapiye C.	2014	Tropical Animal Health and Production	46	5	10.1007/s11250-014-0578-5	Department of Animal Production and Technology, Chinhoyi University of Technology, P. Bag 7724, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe; Department of Livestock and Wildlife Management, Midlands State University, P. Bag 9055, Gweru, Zimbabwe; Discipline of Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P. Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Madzimure, J., Department of Animal Production and Technology, Chinhoyi University of Technology, P. Bag 7724, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe; Mutema, N., Department of Livestock and Wildlife Management, Midlands State University, P. Bag 9055, Gweru, Zimbabwe; Chimonyo, M., Discipline of Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Bakare, A.G., Discipline of Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Mapiye, C., Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P. Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of feeding increasing levels of velvet bean seed meal (VBM; 0, 12, 24, and 36 %) on the performance of Mashona doelings. Dry matter intake was lower (P < 0.05) for the control diet compared to VBM diets, but linearly declined (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of VBM. Average daily weight gain was significantly different between experimental groups. Doelings' final live weights and average daily gains were slightly higher in control group than other three supplemented groups where they linearly declined (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of VBM. The cost per kilogram of feed, however, decreased with high inclusion level of VBM. Result suggested that high inclusion level of VBM negatively influenced the growth of young goats probably due to the presence of some anti-nutritional factors which needs further investigation. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Average daily gain; Feed intake; Feeding level; Goats; Velvet bean; Weight gain	analysis; animal; animal food; animal food; diet; diet supplementation; energy metabolism; goat; growth, development and aging; Mucuna; veterinary; weight gain; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Energy Metabolism; Goats; Mucuna; Weight Gain	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940705892	Milk production performance of Holstein Friesian dairy cows at Holetta Bull Dam Farm, Ethiopia	Ayalew W., Aliy M., Negussie E.	2015	Livestock Research for Rural Development	27	9	None	Department of Animal Production and Technology, Wolkite University, P.O.Box 07, Wolkite, Ethiopia; Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O.Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; LUKE Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, Finland	Ayalew, W., Department of Animal Production and Technology, Wolkite University, P.O.Box 07, Wolkite, Ethiopia; Aliy, M., Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O.Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; Negussie, E., LUKE Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, Finland	The study was carried out at Holetta Bull Dam farm to assess the effects of non genetic factors on milk production traits of Holstein Friesian dairy cattle. Records compiled from 1981 to 2013 were used as original data of production traits like 305 days milk yield (n=3538), total lactation milk yield (n=3706) and lactation length (n=2923) of the Holstein Friesian herd in Ethiopian management and environmental situation. Effects of period, sire origin, season and parity on milk yield traits were evaluated. The data were analyzed using general linear models. Result of the non-genetic factors revealed that period of calving, parity and sire origin had significant (p<0.001) effect and were the main causes of variation in milk production traits. Season of calving had no significant effect on milk production traits except on LL. The overall least squares means of LMY and LL were: 3689±45.0 kg, 3604±38.4 kg, and 319±1.91 days, respectively. Generally the productive performance of cows reported in this study was lower than the performance reported in many tropical regions and its expected genetic potential in their countries of their origins. Therefore, improving herd management, breeding practices, as well asconsidering genotype-environmental interactions during importation of breeding sire and heifer is very essential for full exploitation of exotic dairy cattle genetic potential in Ethiopia. © 2015 Fundacion CIPAV. All rights reserved.	Genetic factors; Genotype-environmental interactions; Origin of sire	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956171320	Economic performance of small ruminants in mixed-farming systems of Southern Ethiopia	Legesse G., Siegmund-Schultze M., Abebe G., Zárate A.V.	2010	Tropical Animal Health and Production	42	7	10.1007/s11250-010-9603-5	Department of Animal Production in the Tropics and Subtropics, Hohenheim University, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, Box 05, Awassa, Ethiopia; Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, 12 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada	Legesse, G., Department of Animal Production in the Tropics and Subtropics, Hohenheim University, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany, Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, Box 05, Awassa, Ethiopia, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, 12 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; Siegmund-Schultze, M., Department of Animal Production in the Tropics and Subtropics, Hohenheim University, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany; Abebe, G., Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, Box 05, Awassa, Ethiopia; Zárate, A.V., Department of Animal Production in the Tropics and Subtropics, Hohenheim University, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany	This study evaluates the household income contribution and the profitability of traditional small ruminant enterprises in two mixed-farming systems of southern Ethiopia (viz. Adilo and Kofele). Small ruminant production is an integral part of mixed systems in the Ethiopian highlands. The assessment of the current economic performance of small ruminants indicates production-related opportunities and constraints and provides baseline data against which the success of future interventions can be measured. Detailed information on economic parameters was gathered through a 1-year period of flock and household monitoring (155 households) between September 2005 and August 2006. Structured surveys were conducted with the participating households to elicit information on incomeexpense details of small ruminant and other agricultural enterprises. Small ruminants contributed considerably to cash income and to a limited extent to human nutrition especially when other sources were in short supply. The annual profit per animal ranged from 20 to 37 Ethiopian Birr. The return to capital was 17% in Kofele and 29% in Adilo, with both values vastly exceeding the national interest rate. The sale of small ruminants contributed to 39% and 23% of total farm cash income among small ruminant keepers in Adilo and Kofele, respectively. Sale prices are highest before holidays. Researches should target at how to use available feed resources in a timely and cost-effective fashion to make use of the seasonal market opportunities. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Economic performance; Enterprise budgeting; Ethiopia; Marketing; Mixed farming; Small ruminants	animal; animal husbandry; article; commercial phenomena; cost; economics; Ethiopia; family size; goat; human; income; methodology; season; sheep; statistics; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Commerce; Costs and Cost Analysis; Ethiopia; Family Characteristics; Goats; Humans; Income; Seasons; Sheep; Animalia; Bovidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956083220	Evaluation of the feeding potentials of Vitellaria paradoxa, Nauclea latifolia and Terminalia macroptera foliage as supplements to concentrate feed for grower rabbits	Yusuf A.M., Garba M.H., Olafadehan O.A.	2010	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	9	2	None	Department of Animal Production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria	Yusuf, A.M., Department of Animal Production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria; Garba, M.H., Department of Animal Production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria; Olafadehan, O.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria	The feeding potentials of Vitallaria paradoxa, Nauclea latifolia and Terminalia macroptera foliage as supplements to concentrate diets for grower rabbits were studied over a 13-week period. A total of 18 crossbred growing rabbits of equal sexes, aged between 6-8 weeks with an average weight of 515g were randomly allotted to the three dietary treatments consisting of three replicates of two rabbits each in a completely randomized design. Nauclea latifolia had the highest and least crude protein and crude fibre, respectively, which were intermediate in Vitallaria paradoxa but lowest and highest, respectively, in Terminalia macroptera. Organic matter was highest in Vitallaria paradoxa and lowest in Nauclea latifolia. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gains were best in Nauclea latifolia followed by Vitallaria paradoxa and least in Terminalia macroptera (all (P&lt;0.05)). However, feed conversion ratio was similar (P&gt;0.05) among the treatments. Dry matter digestibility (DMD) was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher in Nauclea latifolia than in Vitallaria paradoxa and Terminalia macroptera. Average daily gain was significantly (R2 = 0.9998) influenced by ADFI and DMD. The forages have potentials to support growth of grower rabbits, with Nauclea latifolia forage having the best potential, followed by Vitallaria paradoxa and then Terminalia macroptera.	Feeding potential; Grower rabbit; Nauclea latifolia; Terminalia macroptera; Vitallaria paradoxum	Nauclea latifolia; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Terminalia; Terminalia macroptera; Vitellaria paradoxa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350324530	Productive and reproductive performance of strategically supplemented free grazing prepartum Bunaji cows in the agropastoral farming system	Olafadehan O.A., Adewumi M.K.	2009	Tropical Animal Health and Production	41	7	10.1007/s11250-009-9312-0	Department of Animal Production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, P.M.B. 268, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Abuja, Abuja,	Olafadehan, O.A., Department of Animal Production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, P.M.B. 268, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria, Department of Animal Science, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria; Adewumi, M.K., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The effects of prepartum supplementary feeding on the productive and reproductive performance were investigated using grazing gestating Bunaji cows with an average initial body weight of 294.50 ± 3.75 kg. Twenty cows were allocated to a completely randomized design, with five animals per treatment. The treatments were: A, range grazing (RG); B, RG + 100% corn bran (CB); C, RG + 60% CB + 40% palm kernel cake (PKC), and D, RG + 60% CB + 40% dried brewer's grains (DBG). The average daily gains (ADG) and body condition scores (BCS) of supplemented cows were significantly better than the non-supplemented cows. Postpartum weight loss was markedly reduced in supplemented cows compared to their non-supplemented counterparts. Mean milk offtake and mean milk yield per lactation were significantly lower in non-supplemented cows than the supplemented ones. Among the supplemented cows, ADG, BCS, mean milk offtake and milk yield per lactation were significantly better for cows on treatments C and D than those on treatment B. Though insignificant, longest lactation length (LL) and shortest calving interval were obtained for supplemented cows. Calf's birth weight was similar among the treatments. Milk yield was significantly influenced (R2 = 0.8601) by cow's weight, BCS and LL. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009.	Performance; Prepartum Bunaji cows; Smallholder dairy production system; Supplementation	animal; animal husbandry; article; body constitution; cattle; dairying; diet supplementation; female; methodology; milk; Nigeria; physiology; pregnancy; reproduction; statistics; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Body Constitution; Cattle; Dairying; Dietary Supplements; Female; Milk; Nigeria; Pregnancy; Reproduction; Animalia; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44349124006	Milk production and economic impact of strategic supplementation of prepartum Bunaji cows in the periurban areas of derived savanna of southwestern Nigeria	Olafadehan O.A., Adewumi M.K.	2008	Livestock Research for Rural Development	20	3	None	Department of Animal Production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, P.M.B. 268, New Bussa, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Olafadehan, O.A., Department of Animal Production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, P.M.B. 268, New Bussa, Nigeria; Adewumi, M.K., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Twenty prepartum Bunaji cows with an average weight of 295±3.72 kg balanced for their parity and weight were used to investigate the effects of dry season supplementary feeding during the last trimester of pregnancy on the milk production and economic benefit of such intervention in an on-farm experiment. A completely randomized design was used with 4 treatments: A, range grazing (RG) only (control); B, RG + maize bran (MB); C, RG + MB + PKC (palm kernel cake) and D, RG + MB + DBG (dried brewer's grains). There were 5 cows per treatment. The feeding trial lasted for last trimester of pregnancy while milk production was measured throughout lactation. Supplemented cows produced higher milk (P &lt;0.05) than their non-supplemented counterparts at various stages of lactation; 3months, 6months and weaning. Among the supplemented cows, total milk yield (TMY) was more (P &lt;0.05) pronounced in cows on treatment D than those on treatment B. Yields of milk constituents followed the same trend as the milk yield. TMY was significantly (P&lt; 0.05) and directly related (R2 = 0.97) to the lactation length. Net economic benefit was best in supplemented cows on treatment D and least (P &lt;0.05) for grazing non-supplemented cows on treatment A. The results underscored beneficial effects of strategic supplementation of prepartum cows in a smallholder dairy production system.	Agroindustrial by-products; Cost-benefit; Lactation; Milk yield; Smallholder dairy production	Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867769686	Effect of crayfish waste meal on performance characteristics and nutrient retention of broiler finishers	Asafa A.R., Ologhobo A.D., Adejumo I.O.	2012	International Journal of Poultry Science	11	8	None	Department of Animal Production Technology, Lagos State Polytechnic, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria	Asafa, A.R., Department of Animal Production Technology, Lagos State Polytechnic, Lagos, Nigeria; Ologhobo, A.D., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adejumo, I.O., Department of Animal Science, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria	The study investigated the effect of crayfish waste meal on the performance characteristics and nutrient retention in broiler finisher. 150 one day old chicks were used for the study which lasted for 9 weeks. The result of the study showed that the average dry matter intake ranged from 1918.96 g in broiler chicken fed diet IV (25%FM:75%CWM) to 2141.60g in diet V (100% CWM) chickens. There was no significant differences (p>0.05) between treatment means. Birds fed the control diet (100%FM) recorded the highest gain (787.30 g) followed by those fed diet III (50%FM; 50%CWM) while the least gain (679.00 g) was by diet V (100%CWM) chickens. No significant (p>0.05) difference was observed between the treatment means. The feed conversion ratio was best (2.48) with chickens fed the control diet (100%FM) and progressively decreased with diet V (100%CWM) chickens recording the least (3.19). There was, however, no significant (p>0.05) difference between treatment means. Protein efficiency ratio followed similar trend with the feed conversion ratio. Diet I (100%FM) chickens had the highest value (2.09) followed by diet II (25%FM; 75%CWM) while those fed diet V (100%CWM) was the least (1.64). © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2012.	Broiler; Crayfish waste; Finishers; Meal; Nutrient; Performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-65949100782	Effect of replacing dietry fish meal with silkworm (Anaphe infracta) caterpillar meal on performance, carcass characteristics and haematological parameters of finishing broiler chicken	Ijaiya A.T., Eko E.O.	2009	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	8	6	10.3923/pjn.2009.850.855	Department of Animal Production Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	Ijaiya, A.T., Department of Animal Production Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Eko, E.O., Department of Animal Production Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	The effects of substituting fish meal with different levels of silkworm (Anaphe infracta) caterpillar meal (SCM) on the growth, carcass characteristics haematology and economics of production formed the basis of this study. A total of one hundred and fifty four weeks old anak broilers were randomly allotted to five treatment groups in a completely randomized design with each treatment having thirty birds. Each treatment group was further divided into two replicates of fifteen birds per replicate. Five diets which had 100% FM: 0% SCM; 75% FM: 25% SCM; 50% FM: 50% SCM; 25% FM: 75% SCM and 0% FM: 100% SCM were formulated and labeled diets 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively with diet 1 serving as the control. Feed and water were provided ad-libitum. The performance in terms of feed intake (95.71g-98.25g), body weight gain (46.10g-98.51g), feed conversion efficiency (1.98-2.08) and protein efficiency ratio (2.41-2.54) showed no significant (P > 0.05) differences across the dietary treatments. Analysis of weight of carcass and body cuts as well as blood parameters apart from blood albumin indicated no significant (P > 0.05) differences between the treatment means. Cost per kg of feed gradually decline with increasing dietary level of SCM inclusion levels indicating higher economic benefit. The result of this study revealed that the growth performance of the birds was not affected by the incorporation of silkworm caterpillar meal and it was more cost effective than conventional fish meal. It was concluded that cheaper silkworm caterpillar meal can be use as a complete substitute for fish meal in the diet of finishing broiler chickens. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2009.	Animal protein; Finishing broiler; Fish meal; Silkworm caterpillar meal	serum albumin; water; animal experiment; animal food; article; bird; body growth; carcass; caterpillar; chicken; controlled study; cost effectiveness analysis; diet supplementation; diet therapy; economics; fish; food intake; hematological parameters; nonhuman; randomization; silkworm; weight gain; Animalia; Aves; Bombyx mori; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84906776187	Evaluation of the nutritive value of sorghum variety ICSV400 in broiler diets	Jamaa N.A., Abubakar M.M., Oyawoye E.O.	2014	International Journal of Poultry Science	13	6	None	Department of Animal Production, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi State, Nigeria	Jamaa, N.A., Department of Animal Production, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi State, Nigeria; Abubakar, M.M., Department of Animal Production, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi State, Nigeria; Oyawoye, E.O., Department of Animal Production, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi State, Nigeria	An experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritive value of sorghum variety ICSV400 as a replacement for maize in broiler diets. Five diets were formulated for both the starter and finisher phases, in which the sorghum variety ICSV400 was included at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% replacement levels and the diets designated as treatments T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. Sorghum variety ICSV400 was used to replace maize as a dietary energy source. Two hundred day old Anak 2000 broiler chicks were allotted to the five treatments in a completely randomized design. Each of the five treatments was replicated four times, with ten birds per replicate. At the starter phase, birds on T1 consumed significantly (p<0.01) less feed (61.63 g) than birds on T5 (74.35 g), T2 (73.98 g) and T4 (71.85 g), similar to those on T3 (67.07 g). Daily weight gain (24.02-33.04 g) and feed conversion ratio (2.26-2.83) were not significantly affected by dietary treatments. The finisher and pooled phases no significant differences between treatments were observed for all the parameters analyzed. Carcass parameters were not affected by dietary treatments but small intestine weight tended to decrease with increasing level of sorghum. Feed cost in N/kg gain tended to be lower (N166.90) in diet 4 (75% sorghum) and higher (N 213.58) in diet 3 (50% sorghum). It was concluded therefore that sorghum variety ICSV400 can completely replace maize in broiler diets without adverse effects on the general performance of the birds. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2014.	Broiler chicks; Maize; Performance; Sorghum variety ICSV400	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547655503	Effect of feeding graded levels of Tigernut (Cyperus esculentus) seed meal on the performance characteristics of West African Dwarf goat	Belewu M.A., Orisameyiti B.R., Ajibola K.A.	2007	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	6	6	None	Department of Animal Production, Microbial Biotechnology and Dairy Science Laboratory, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Belewu, M.A., Department of Animal Production, Microbial Biotechnology and Dairy Science Laboratory, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Orisameyiti, B.R., Department of Animal Production, Microbial Biotechnology and Dairy Science Laboratory, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Ajibola, K.A., Department of Animal Production, Microbial Biotechnology and Dairy Science Laboratory, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	The efficacy of Tigernut seed meal in the diet of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats was evaluated in a completely randomized design model for a 56 day period. The diets consist of A (control, without Tigernut seed meal), B (10% Tigernut seed meal plus 28% wheat offal) and C (20% Tigernut seed meal plus 18% wheat offal). Other ingredients are of fixed percentages. The results revealed increasing crude protein and acid detergent fibre contents as the Tigernut seed meal increased. The intakes of the two components (crude protein and acid detergent fibre) were significantly higher in diet C compared to other diets However, the crude protein digestibility was similar in all the diets while the acid detergent fibre digestibility of the Tigernut seed meal based diet was superior (p<0.05) to that of the control. The ether extract intake and digestibility were higher (p<0.05) for diets B and C (Tigernut seed meal based diets) compared to diet A (control). The crude fibre digestibility of diet C was numerically higher than that of diet A (control) which are similar (p>0.05). Animals on Tigernut seed meal based diet gained more weight than those on diet A (control) due probably to higher feed efficiency of these diets (B and C). In conclusion, a Tigernut seed meal could form part of the complete diet, supplying both protein and energy supplements in the diet of ruminant animals. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007.	Digestibility; Feed intake; Tigernut seed meal; Weight gain; West African dwarf goat	detergent; ether; protein; animal experiment; animal food; article; bovids; controlled study; Cyperus; diet supplementation; digestion; food composition; food intake; goat; nonhuman; physical performance; productivity; protein content; weight gain; wheat; Animalia; Capra hircus; Cyperus esculentus; Triticum aestivum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749035973	Evaluation of dried cassava leaf meal and maize offal as supplements for goats fed rice straw in dry season	Ngi J., Ayoade J.A., Oluremi O.I.A.	2006	Livestock Research for Rural Development	18	9	None	Department of Animal Production, College of Animal Science, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi. Benue State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi. Benue State, Nig	Ngi, J., Department of Animal Production, College of Animal Science, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi. Benue State, Nigeria; Ayoade, J.A., Department of Animal Production, College of Animal Science, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi. Benue State, Nigeria; Oluremi, O.I.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi. Benue State, Nigeria	Nine Maradi x West African Dwarf cross bred goats of mixed sexes between 8-10 months old and with an average body weight of 10 kg were used to evaluate mixtures of dried cassava leaf meal and maize offal as dietary supplements to rice straw ad libitum. The animals were randomly allotted to three dietary groups of three animals each and each animal put in a metabolic cage. The diets were: diet CL30 (70% maize offal: 30% dried cassava leaf meal, diet CLM50 (50% maize offal:50% dried cassava leaf meal) and diet CLM70 (30% maize offal:70% dried cassava leaf meal). Daily rice straw intake was significantly lower for goats on diet CLM30 than for goats on diets CLM50 and CLM70. There were no statistical differences in average daily gains and feed conversion ratio (p>0.05). Goats on diet CLM50 had a daily weight gain of 20.8g which is relatively higher than 13.1g and 18.6g for dietary groups CLM30 and CLM70, respectively. Goats on diet CLM30 had a significantly higher (p<0.05) apparent dry matter digestibility of 64.49% than those on diets CLM50 (57.27%) and CLM70 (54.01%). Digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre and nitrogen free extract decreased as dietary inclusion of dried cassava leaf meal increased. The optimum level of inclusion of CLM in a basal diet of rice straw and maize offal appears to be of the order of 20% of the DM intake, which is equivalent to about 1 g crude protein (from the CLM) per 1 kg live weight.	Cassava leaf; Goats; Maize offal; Rice straw	Animalia; Capra hircus; Manihot esculenta; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-24344462085	Egg traits, hatchability and early growth performance of the Fulani-ecotype chicken	Fayeye T.R., Adeshiyan A.B., Olugbami A.A.	2005	Livestock Research for Rural Development	17	8	None	Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Nigeria	Fayeye, T.R., Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Nigeria; Adeshiyan, A.B., Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Nigeria; Olugbami, A.A., Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Nigeria	Three studies were conducted to evaluate Fulani-ecotype chicken for egg, hatchability and growth traits. In study one, 30 eggs were used to evaluate thirteen internal and external egg traits including egg weight, egg length, egg width, egg index, yolk weight, yolk height, yolk diameter, shell weight, shell thickness, albumen height, albumen weight, haugh unit and egg index. In study two, 165 eggs were used to evaluate fertility and hatchability traits. In study three, sixty-eight day-old Fulani-ecotype chicks were evaluated for growth performance. Mean values for egg traits were 40.73g, 20.25g, 4.92mm, 75.53 percent, 13.03g, 14.27mm, 24.68mm and 0.58 for egg weight, albumen weight, albumen height, haugh unit, yolk weight, yolk height, yolk width and yolk index, respectively. Mean value for shell weight, shell thickness, egg length, egg width and egg index were 5.12g, 0.58mm, 34.91mm, 23.59mm and 1.48, respectively. Fertility percent, live germs at 18th day and percent hatchability were 76 percent, 75 percent, and 47 percent, respectively. Body weight gain in chickens increased from hatch to 3 weeks of age, and afterward declined. Indices of egg internal quality suggested that the Fulani-ecotype chicken is highly desirable. Its good shell thickness may be exploited in reducing losses due to cracked eggs. Mean chick weight increased by more than eleven times within the first eight weeks of life. The present report suggests that Fulani-ecotype chicken has good potential for meat and egg production, therefore selection along these two directions may help to develop indigenous strains of meat type chicken.	Early growth; Egg traits; Fulani-ecotype	Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57349198763	Effects of 12 hour calf withdrawal on conception rate and calf performance of Bos indicus cattle under extensive conditions	Escrivão R.J.A., Webb E.C., Garcês A.P.J.T.	2009	Tropical Animal Health and Production	41	1	10.1007/s11250-008-9168-8	Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique; Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Escrivão, R.J.A., Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique; Webb, E.C., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Garcês, A.P.J.T., Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique	Fifty-two multiparous Brahman type cows with reproductive tract scoring (RTS) ≥4 at 45 days post-partum were randomly assigned to two groups of 26 cows each separated into an ad libitum suckling group (C) and treatment group (T). Calves in the T group were separated for 12 h during the night from 45 days post-partum to the onset of the breeding season. Body condition score (BCS) and body weight (BW) were recorded 45 days post-partum, at the start of the breeding season, and at pregnancy diagnosis. Calves were weighed at calving and weaning. Weaning weights were corrected to 205 days. BW and BCS at the onset of the breeding season were similar (p>0.05) between the experimental groups. Calving to breeding intervals were 93±18 d and 99±22 d for T and C groups, respectively. Calving to conception intervals differed significantly between the groups (111±10 d for T and 133±19 d for C) and a similar result was obtained for the breeding to conception intervals (18±15 d for T and 31±19 d for C). Conception rates were 80% for the T group and 59% for the C group, which correlated better with BW than BCS at the onset of the breeding season. Weaning weights differed (p<0.05) between C and T groups. From 45 days post-partum to the onset of the breeding season, cows in the T group experienced a positive energy balance (3%) while those in the C group had a negative energy balance (-0.1%). It was concluded that 12 h calf separation at night increases the conception rates and improves the calf weaning weights of Bos indicus beef cattle under extensive production systems in sub-tropical conditions. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	BCS; Beef cows; BW; Calf removal; Reproduction; Weaning weight	animal; animal husbandry; article; body composition; breeding; cattle; energy metabolism; female; growth, development and aging; methodology; newborn; parity; physiology; pregnancy; pregnancy rate; puerperium; randomization; reproduction; season; time; weaning; weight gain; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Body Composition; Breeding; Cattle; Energy Metabolism; Female; Parity; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate; Random Allocation; Reproduction; Seasons; Time Factors; Weaning; Weight Gain; Bos; Bos indicus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938337719	Effect of graded levels of roselle (hibiscus sabdariffa LINN.) calyx extract on performance and carcass characteristic of broiler chickens	Omolade A.-P., Abiola A.A., Grace L.O.	2015	International Journal of Poultry Science	14	6	None	Department of Animal Production, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Moor Plantation IbadanOyo State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of IbadanOyo State, Nigeria	Omolade, A.-P., Department of Animal Production, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Moor Plantation IbadanOyo State, Nigeria; Abiola, A.A., Department of Animal Science, University of IbadanOyo State, Nigeria; Grace, L.O., Department of Animal Science, University of IbadanOyo State, Nigeria	The study evaluated the effect of graded levels of the red variety of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) calyx extract on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. A total of two hundred Arbor acres broiler birds were used for the study, these were randomly assigned to five treatments, (T<inf>1</inf>, T<inf>2</inf>, T<inf>3</inf>, T<inf>4</inf> and T<inf>5</inf>) which had broiler chicks on water only, 2 g of roselle calyx boiled in 1 L of water for 30 min, 4 g of roselle calyx boiled in 1 L of water for 30 min, 6 g of roselle calyx boiled in 1 L of water for 30 min and 8 g of roselle calyx boiled in 1 L of water for 30 min, respectively. The birds were further randomly sub-divided into four replicates of ten birds each. The birds were given basal diets at both the starter (0-3 weeks) and finisher phases (4-6 weeks). Data obtained were subjected to ANOVA and means separated using the Duncan's New Multiple Range Test. Result showed no significant difference in average daily fluid intake, average daily weight gain, feed intake and FCR of the birds at the starter phase. However, at the finisher phase, there was significant difference (p<0.05) in the values obtained for average daily feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion. Carcass evaluation showed birds in T5 had better breast meat weight and dressing percentage. The extract was not toxic to the birds and can be administered to broiler chickens at a graded level of 8 g of Roselle calyx boiled in 1 L of water for 30 min. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2015.	Carcass characteristics; Fluid intake; Roselle calyx extract; Weight gain	Aves; Gallus gallus; Hibiscus sabdariffa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953935905	Nutritional evaluation of bee wax residue meal in the diet of lactating goat	Adewale B.M., Josphine E., Jun P.	2010	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	9	3	None	Department of Animal Production, Microbial Biotechnology and Dairy Science Laboratory, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hanan Agricultural University, Zheng Zhou, China	Adewale, B.M., Department of Animal Production, Microbial Biotechnology and Dairy Science Laboratory, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Josphine, E., Department of Animal Production, Microbial Biotechnology and Dairy Science Laboratory, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Jun, P., College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hanan Agricultural University, Zheng Zhou, China	Nine West African dwarf goats were used to investigate the effect of bee wax residue meal on the lactation performance, feed intake and weight gain. Goats were fed a diet with or without bee wax residue meal in a completely randomized design model for a 156 day period. The three diets were A (control), B (1%) bee wax residue meal inclusion) C (3% bee wax residue meal inclusion). Water and feeding were given ad libitum. Supplementing the diet with bee wax residue meal increased the crude protein intake from 47 g-d (diet A) to 133g-d (Diet C). The dry matter intake was greater for diet C followed by diet B and C which are similar (p&gt;0.05). Animal on diet C consumed the highest percentage of minerals. Milk yield was significantly increased (p&lt;0.05) by bee wax supplementation [407g-d] (A), [412g-d] (B) and [446g-d] (C). Supplementation also increased butter fat, protein, calcium and phosphorus contents. The potassium sodium and iron contents were significantly (p&lt;0.05) highest in diet C followed closely by diets B and A (control) which are similar (p&gt;0.05). It could be concluded that bee wax residue meal could be used to supplement lactating West African goats diet in the tropical environment. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Bee wax residue meal; Milk production; West african dwarf goats	calcium; fat; iron; phosphorus; potassium; propolis; protein; sodium; Africa; animal experiment; animal food; article; controlled study; food composition; goat; lactation; milk production; mineral intake; nonhuman; nutritional assessment; protein intake; weight gain; Animalia; Apoidea; Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877987870	Growth performance and carcass yield of broiler finishers fed diets having partially or wholly withdrawn fish meal	Yisa A.G., Edache J.A., Udokainyang A.D., Iloama C.N.	2013	International Journal of Poultry Science	12	2	None	Department of Animal Production, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria	Yisa, A.G., Department of Animal Production, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria; Edache, J.A., Department of Animal Production, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria; Udokainyang, A.D., Department of Animal Production, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria; Iloama, C.N., Department of Animal Production, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria	A four-week study was conducted to investigate the effect of partially or completely withdrawing fish meal from broiler finisher diets on growth performance and carcass yield. In a completely randomized design, ninety six (96) four-week-old Marshall Breed of broilers were allotted to four dietary treatments having 0, 50, 75 and 100% of their fishmeal content withdrawn. Each dietary treatment had 24 birds with 3 replicates of 8 birds. Results show that initial weights, final weights, average daily feed intake, average daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio and feed cost per kilogram gain were not negatively affected (P>0.05) by levels of fish meal withdrawal. Dressing percentages were also not significantly different (P>0.05) between treatment means. However, the percent carcass cut-up parts of breast, wings, thighs and drumsticks to live weight of birds fed diets with fish meal totally withdrawn were significantly less (P<0.05) than those of birds fed diets containing fish meal. From this study, it can be concluded that withdrawing fish meal from broiler finisher diets may not have any adverse effect on their growth performance provided protein is obtained from non-animal sources. However, total withdrawal of fish meal negatively affects optimum development of the cut-up parts and as such 0.5-1% fish meal may be included in broiler finisher diets for full development of carcass components. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2013.	Carcass yield; Fish meal; Growth performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956067293	Evaluation of Detarium microcarpum pulp meal as feed ingredient in rabbits diets	Obun C.O., Yahaya S.M., Kibon A.A., Olafadehan O.A., Alison S.D.	2010	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	9	2	None	Department of Animal Production, Federal College of Wildlife Management, P.M.B.268, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria; Federal University of Technology, P.M. B. 2076, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Maiduguri, Borno	Obun, C.O., Department of Animal Production, Federal College of Wildlife Management, P.M.B.268, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria; Yahaya, S.M., Federal University of Technology, P.M. B. 2076, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria; Kibon, A.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria; Olafadehan, O.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria; Alison, S.D., Federal University of Technology, P.M. B. 2076, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria	A 12-week study was conducted to investigate response of weaner rabbits to diets containing graded levels, 0, 5, 10 and 15%, of dietary Detarium microcarpum fruit pulp meal (DFPM).Twenty-four, 4-week-old mixed breed weaner rabbits divided into 4 groups of 6 rabbits were randomly assigned to the four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. The results of the phytochemical assay shows that DFPM contained tannins (0.023%) whereas saponins, phytate, oxalates and hydrogen cyanides were not detected. Feed intake was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in 15% DFPM than in the control diet. Daily weight gain, nutrients intake, protein to gain ratio and feed conversion ratio were not (P > 0.05) influenced by the dietary treatments. Similarly, nutrients digestibility was similar (P > 0.05) among the treatments. However, cost of feeding and feed cost per kg body weight gain (BWG) decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of DFPM in the diets. Cost differential per kg BWG, savings of feed cost and relative cost benefit per kg BWG significantly (P < 0.05) varied among the diets; the rank order is: 15% > 10% > 5% DFPM. The impressive performance and comparative cost advantage suggests that DFPM is an economic viable alternative feedstuff and can be used up to 15% in the diets of weaner rabbits.	Detarium fruit pulp meal; Digestibility; Economic analysis; Performance; Rabbits	Detarium; Detarium microcarpum; Oryctolagus cuniculus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650476281	Evaluation of Detarium microcarpum pulp meal as feed ingredient in the diets of growing rabbits	Obun C.O., Yahaya S.M., Kibon A.A., Olafadehan O.A., Alison S.D.	2010	Journal of Applied Sciences Research	6	11	None	Department of Animal Production, Federal College of Wildlife Management, P.M.B.268, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria; Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 2076, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Maiduguri, Borno	Obun, C.O., Department of Animal Production, Federal College of Wildlife Management, P.M.B.268, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria; Yahaya, S.M., Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 2076, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria; Kibon, A.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria; Olafadehan, O.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria; Alison, S.D., Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 2076, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria	A 12-week study was conducted to investigate response of growing rabbits to diets containing graded levels, 0, 5, 10 and 15%, of dietary Detarium microcarpum fruit pulp meal (DFPM) as replacement for maize. Twenty-four, 5-week-old mixed breed grower rabbits divided into 4 groups of 6 rabbits were randomly assigned to the four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. The result of the phytochemical assay shows that DFPM contained low level of tannins (0.023%), whereas saponins, phytate, oxalates and hydrogen cyanide were not detected. Feed intake was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in 15% DFPM than in the control diet. Daily weight gains, nutrient intake, protein to gain ratio and feed conversion ratio were not (P > 0.05) influenced by the dietary treatments. Similarly, nutrient digestibility was similar (P > 0.05) among the treatments. Cost of feeding and feed cost per kg body weight gain (BWG) decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of DFPM in the diets. Cost differential per kg BWG, savings of feed cost and relative cost benefit per kg BWG significantly (P < 0.05) varied among the diets; the rank order is: 15% > 10% > 5% > 0% DFPM. The impressive performance, nutrient digestibility and comparative cost advantage of rabbits fed DFPM suggests that DFPM is an economically viable alternative basal feedstuff to maize and can be used up to 15% or replace 37.5% of maize in the diets of growing rabbits. © 2010, INSInet Publication.	Cost effectiveness; Detarium microcarpum; Digestibility; Performance; Rabbits; Tannins	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34848850433	Feed intake, growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broiler chicks fed diets containing varying levels of sorghum dried Brewers' grains	Adama T.Z., Ogunbajo S.A., Mambo M.	2007	International Journal of Poultry Science	6	8	None	Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria	Adama, T.Z., Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria; Ogunbajo, S.A., Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria; Mambo, M., Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria	Three hundred Dako broiler chicks of both sexes each having average initial weight of 86.4 g were randomly distributed into five treatments with two replicates each with 30 birds. Five iso-nitrogenous and isocaloric starter and finisher diets were formulated and fed for a period of four weeks at starter and finisher phases. Sorghum Dried Brewer's Grain (SDBG) was used at the levels of 0% (control), 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% to replace maize grain and groundnut cake (GNC) in the diets at both starter and finisher phases. Feed intake, growth performance of the birds as well as the digestibility coefficients and the gross margins of the diets were measured. Digestibility values were not significantly affected up to a level of 20% SDBG in the diet. Also, cost of feed/kg declined with increasing levels of SDBG. Gross margin was highest at SDBG level of 20%. It was concluded that SDBG inclusion at a level of 20% in broiler diets will reduce the cost of feed and increase profit margin. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007.	Broiler diet; Feed intake; Growth performance; Nutrient digestibility	Arachis hypogaea; Aves; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34447258842	Growth performance body composition, haematology and product quality of the African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed diets with palm oil	Ochang S.N., Fagbenro O.A., Adebayo O.T.	2007	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	6	5	None	Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Cross River University of Technology, PMB 102, Ovonum-Obubra, Cross River State, Nigeria; Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria	Ochang, S.N., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Cross River University of Technology, PMB 102, Ovonum-Obubra, Cross River State, Nigeria, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria; Fagbenro, O.A., Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria; Adebayo, O.T., Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria	The replacement value of palm oil for codliver oil in diets for juvenile African catfish (initial weight 24.04 g) was investigated. For 8 weeks, fish were fed experimental diets in which there was either 9% codliver oil (Diet 1), 6% codliver oil, 3% palm oil (Diet 2), 3% codliver oil, 6% palm oil (Diet 3), or 9% palm oil (Diet 4). There were significant differences in body weight gain among all treatments, with fish fed diets 2 and 3 performing better. Fishes fed diets 3 and 4 had significantly higher survival than fish fed diets 1 and 2. Significant differences were recorded in carcass parameters of fish at the end of the feeding trial, with fish fed diets 3 and 4 having higher values. Fish fed diet 2 had higher blood parameters which decreased with increasing level of palm oil in the diet. There was no significant difference in the organoleptic properties of fish fed different dietary treatments and the end of the trial. The results of this study shows that diet with 3% codliver oil, 6% palm oil is nutritionally suitable for feeding the African catfish. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007.	African catfish; Carcass quality; Haematology; Palm oil; Sensory evaluation	cod liver oil; palm oil; animal experiment; animal food; animal model; article; body composition; body weight; catfish; controlled study; fat intake; food analysis; food composition; food quality; growth rate; hematological parameters; nonhuman; nutritional parameters; nutritional value; survival rate; weight gain; Clarias gariepinus; Pisces	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845797149	Performance and egg quality characteristics of pullets fed activated sheabutter charcoal based diets	Ayanwale B.A., Lanko A.G., Kudu Y.S.	2006	International Journal of Poultry Science	5	10	None	Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Niger State Ministry of Agriculture, Veterinary Services Division, Bosso, Minna, Nigeria	Ayanwale, B.A., Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Lanko, A.G., Niger State Ministry of Agriculture, Veterinary Services Division, Bosso, Minna, Nigeria; Kudu, Y.S., Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	An experiment was conducted to investigate the growth performance, nutrient utilization, egg quality characteristics and cost-benefit values of feeding different levels activated sheabutter tree charcoal to laying pullets. Five experimental diets supplemented with activated sheabutter charcoal were formulated to contain 0.0 (control), 10.0, 20.0, 30.0 and 40.0% levels of the charcoal. A total of 150 day-old pullets were used for the study and were fed the diets till they were 22 weeks of age. The results showed no beneficial effect of feeding activated sheabutter charcoal to pullets up to 15 weeks of age as there were no significant (p>0.05) differences in the performance parameters measured up to this stage. At the laying stage, activated sheabutter charcoal significantly (p<0.05) improved egg weight from (48 ± 3.01) in the control to (54.86 ± 3.01) in 40.0% charcoal level. Percent cracked eggs also reduced significantly (p<0.05) from 15.33% (control) to 0.20% in 40.0% activated sheabutter charcoal level. No significant (p>0.05) effect of activated sheabutter charcoal was observed on the internal egg quality parameters measured. The pullets fed activated charcoal had higher economic returns than the control. The results were attributed to increased mineral intake and utilization enhanced by charcoal supplementation and also improved absorption capacity of charcoal for dietary fat. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.	Cost-benefit; Egg quality; Sheabutter tree charcoal	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-42549123613	Performance of starter broilers fed anaerobically fermented and lyle treated Delonix regia seed meal	Egena S.S.A., Usman A., Shiawoya E.I., Yahaya S.K., Ogunlowo H.O.	2008	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	7	3	10.3923/pjn.2008.489.492	Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	Egena, S.S.A., Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Usman, A., Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Shiawoya, E.I., Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Yahaya, S.K., Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Ogunlowo, H.O., Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	One hundred and twenty day-old Hubbard broiler birds were used to study the effects of anaerobic fermentation and lyle treatment of Delonix seed meal on the performance of starter broilers. The experimental period, spanned 5 weeks. The birds were divided into four treatment groups of three replicates each using complete randomized design. The anaerobically fermented and lyle treated Delonix seed meal (AFLTDSM) was used to replace groundnut cake (GNC) at 0%, 5% and 7.5% level. Untreated raw Delonix seed meal (URDSM) was also used at 5% level in order to evaluate its effects on starter broiler performance. The four treatments were designated as T 1, T 2, T 3 and T 4 respectively. Parameters evaluated were mean body weight, daily body weight gain, mean feed intake, mean feed conversion ratio as well as apparent nutrient digestibility. The results showed that mean body weight, daily body weight gain, mean feed intake and mean feed conversion ratio were not significantly affected (p&gt;0.05) by the substitution of GNC with AFLTDSM in the diets. However, apparent nutrient digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ash, ether extract (EE) and Nitrogen free extract (NFE) were significantly affected (p&lt;0.05) by the treatment diets. Crude fibre (CF) digestibility was however not affected (p&gt;0.05) by the inclusion of Delonix seed meal in the diets. It was concluded that AFLTDSM could be used as a substitute for GNC in starter broilers diet without any significant effect on the performance of the birds. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008.	Anaerobic fermentation; Delonix and lyle treated; Performance; Starter broilers	cyanide; ether; nitrogen; phytic acid; protein; tannin; trypsin inhibitor; anaerobic fermentation; animal experiment; animal food; article; ash; body weight; chicken; controlled study; dietary fiber; dietary intake; food composition; nonhuman; nutrient uptake; peanut; plant seed; randomization; weight gain; Aves; Delonix; Delonix regia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750056977	Nutritional evaluation of cornflakes waste in diets for broilers	Ayanwale B.A., Aya V.E.	2006	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	5	5	10.3923/pjn.2006.485.489	Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	Ayanwale, B.A., Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Aya, V.E., Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	A nine week feeding trial was conducted to assess the nutritional value of cornflakes waste in broiler diets. Maize and cornflakes waste were used in various proportions as energy sources such that diets T1, T2, T3 T4, and T5 had maize at 100.0, 80.0, 60.0, 40.0 and 0.0 %; and cornflakes waste at 0.0, 20.0, 40.0, 60.0 and 100.0 % levels respectively. Data were collected on chemical composition of cornflakes waste and on the amino acid profile, nutrient digestibility, cooking loss and cooking yield of the meat from the broilers. Results showed that the cornflakes waste is higher in DM, CF and NFE but lower in CP, EE, ash, M.E. and methionine compared to maize. The highest nutrient digestibility was obtained in broilers fed 80.0% maize and 20.0% cornflakes waste mixture similar to the one from birds fed 100 % cornflakes waste as an energy source. This was an improvement over the digestibility of birds fed control diet at the starter phase. The results were attributed to the physicochemical changes that occurred during the processing of raw maize and other materials into cornflakes waste. Broilers fed 100 % cornflakes waste had higher (p&lt;0.05) cooking loss and lower cooking yield compared to birds fed the control diet. Diet T2 with 80% maize and 20% cornflakes waste produced broilers with better meat quality due to its rigid structure as a result of the low cooking loss. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.	Broiler diet; Cornflakes waste; Maize; Nutrient digestibility	amino acid; methionine; amino acid analysis; animal food; animal tissue; article; ash; cereal; chemical composition; chicken; controlled study; cooking; digestion; energy resource; food processing; food quality; information processing; maize; meat; nonhuman; nutrient; nutritional assessment; nutritional value; physical chemistry; waste; Aves; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858609057	Effects of dried baker's yeast inclusion in rice husk-based diets on performance and egg quality parameters in laying hens	Alabi O.J., Shiwoya E.L., Ayanwale B.A., Mbajiorgu C.A., Ng'ambi J.W., Egena S.S.A.	2012	Indian Journal of Animal Research	46	1	None	Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria; Department of Agriculture, Aniaml Health and Human Ecology, University of South African, South Africa; Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Pr	Alabi, O.J., Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria; Shiwoya, E.L., Department of Agriculture, Aniaml Health and Human Ecology, University of South African, South Africa; Ayanwale, B.A., Department of Agriculture, Aniaml Health and Human Ecology, University of South African, South Africa; Mbajiorgu, C.A., Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Ng'ambi, J.W., Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria; Egena, S.S.A., Department of Agriculture, Aniaml Health and Human Ecology, University of South African, South Africa	The study was conducted to investigate the effects of dried baker's yeast inclusion in rice huskbased diets on performance and egg quality parameters in laying hens. A total of 150 Isa brown laying hens aged 25 weeks were allocated to five dietary treatments (0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 % yeast inclusion level) with three replicates per treatment in a complete randomized design. The experiment lasted for twelve weeks. Hens fed diets with yeast had higher (P<0.05) final body weight, egg weight, egg albumen height and egg albumen weight than the control. The final body weight, egg weight, albumen weight and albumen height were optimized at 0.70, 0.99, 0.49 and 0.78, respectively. It was concluded that dried baker's yeast inclusion in rice husk-based diets improved egg weight, egg albumen height and albumen weight in Isa brown hens.	Dried baker; Laying hens; Rice husk; Yeast	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863769111	Effect of concentrate feed restriction with ad libitum forage feeding on performance and carcass yield of growing rabbit	Adeyemi O.A., Akanji A.O.	2012	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	11	6	None	Department of Animal Production, Health College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Adeyemi, O.A., Department of Animal Production, Health College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Akanji, A.O., Department of Animal Production, Health College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Effect of concentrate feed restriction in the presence of ad libitum forage (Tridax procumbens) feeding on performance, carcass yield and relative organ weights were investigated in weaner rabbits in a humid tropical environment in Nigeria. 36 growing rabbits of mixed breed (Chinchilla x Dutch x California White) and sexes with an average weight of 600g were assigned to three feeding regimen in a completely randomized design. The study lasted for 8 weeks. The three feeding regimen were: (A) ad libitum concentrate feeding + ad libitum forage feeding (control), (B) skip-a-day concentrate feeding/week + ad libitum forage feeding and (C) skip-2- days concentrate feeding/week + ad libitum forage feeding. The forage used was air-dried Tridax procumbens. Drinking water was supplied free-choice throughout the duration of the experiment. Each treatment group was replicated six times with two rabbits housed in the same cage serving as replicate. Weight gain (Total and Average daily), final body weight, Feed intake (Total and Average daily) and feed: gain ratio of rabbits were not significantly (P>0.05) different among the treatment groups. Although feed intake was not different among the three treatments, however concentrate intake (Total and average daily), forage intake (total and average daily) as well as percentage concentrate and forage in daily feed intake were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by treatments. Total concentrate intake was significantly higher in rabbits on treatment A (ad libitum feeding) compared with rabbits on treatment B which was also significantly higher than the intake on treatment C. ad libitum fed rabbits consumed 10.75 and 25.94% concentrates more than rabbits on skip-a-day and skip-twodays per week concentrate feeding. Daily concentrate intake reduced from 33.35g on treatment A to 29.76g and 24.69g in treatment B and C respectively. The daily forage intake however increased with severity of concentrate restriction, the trend being C > B > A. The Concentrate percentage of daily feed intake reduced with increased severity of concentrate restriction while that of forage increased with concentrate restriction from 56.15% in ad libitum concentrate fed group to the highest amount of 68.45% in rabbits on skip-two-days of concentrate feeding per week. Dressing percentage and retail cuts were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by feeding regime. Similarly the physical structure and weights of internal organs (livers, kidneys, lungs and hearts) were not affected by experimental treatments (P>0.05). The results obtained from this study showed that rabbits can be subjected to two days skipping of concentrate feed per week with ad libitum forage feeding without compromising performance and carcass measurements.	Feeding regimen; Forage; Performance; Rabbits; Skip-a-day; Skip-two-days	Menticirrhus undulatus; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Tridax procumbens	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-68349098931	Performance of finisher broilers fed wet mash with or without drinking water during wet season in the tropics	Awojobi H.A., Oluwole B.O., Adekunmisi A.A., Buraimo R.A.	2009	International Journal of Poultry Science	8	6	10.3923/ijps.2009.592.594	Department of Animal Production, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Yewa Campus, Ayetoro, Ogun State, P.M.B.0012, Nigeria	Awojobi, H.A., Department of Animal Production, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Yewa Campus, Ayetoro, Ogun State, P.M.B.0012, Nigeria; Oluwole, B.O., Department of Animal Production, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Yewa Campus, Ayetoro, Ogun State, P.M.B.0012, Nigeria; Adekunmisi, A.A., Department of Animal Production, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Yewa Campus, Ayetoro, Ogun State, P.M.B.0012, Nigeria; Buraimo, R.A., Department of Animal Production, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Yewa Campus, Ayetoro, Ogun State, P.M.B.0012, Nigeria	Finisher broilers were fed conventional dry and wet mash with varying amounts of water addition (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 parts of water to 1 part of feed) with and without drinking water.Feed intake was higher (P<0.05) in all wet-fed groups but one than birds that received the conventional dry mash.Live weight gain and carcass yield was better (P<0.05) in all wet-fed groups than dry mash feeding.However, feed conversion efficiency (FCE) was highest in birds that received 1 part of water to 1 part of feed with drinking water, their result is comparable to those on conventional dry mash feeding and significantly (P<0.05) better than other wet-fed groups.No significant (P<0.05) differences were observed in weights of the liver, spleen, intestine, abdominal fat, proventriculus, full-gizzard and caeca.This study recommends 1 part of water to 1 part of feed with drinking water for finisher broilers when raised on wet mash during wet season in the tropics. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2009.	Dry mash; Finisher broilers; Water; Wet mash	Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84914165138	Prospects of improving reproductive performance of the domestic rabbit in the tropics by reducing postpartum re-mating interval	Awojobi H.A., Adejumo D.O.	2014	Tropical Agriculture	91	4	None	Department of Animal Production, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Yewa Campus, P.M.B. 0012, Ayetoro, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Awojobi, H.A., Department of Animal Production, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Yewa Campus, P.M.B. 0012, Ayetoro, Ogun State, Nigeria; Adejumo, D.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The reproductive performance of ninety (90) primiparous doe rabbits that were re-bred 1-9 days (intensive),10-20 days (semi-intensive), 21-28 days (extensive) and >28 days (realized extensive) postpartum was investigated in the dry and rainy seasons in a tropical environment, in South-West Nigeria. The objective was to observe response to early rebreeding with the aim of increasing rabbits per doe per year. Mean postpartum re-mating intervals (P<0.05) were 1.9,15.1, 25.5 and 46.2 days for does re-bred 1-9 days, 10-20 days, 21-28 days and >28 days postpartum respectively. Similarly, the mean parturition intervals (P<0.05) were 33.5,49.5, 57.7 and 77.9 days for does re-bred under the intensive, semi-intensive, extensive and the realized extensive mating systems respectively. Gestation length was shorter (P<0.05) in does that re-bred semi-intensively. Litter size and weight at birth were not affected (P>0.05) by postpartum re-mating interval The 21 day litter size/weight and weaning (28 days) litter size/weight were unaffected (P>0.05) by postpartum re-mating interval. Kits mortality was lower (P<0.05) in the 21-28 days group (37.1%) compared to does in the 1-9 days group (55.8%) and 10-20 days group (58.1%). Litter size and weight at weaning was better (P<0.05) in the dry season (4.7 and 1518.7g) than rainy season (3.6 and 1187.6g). Kits mortality was higher (P<0.05) in the rainy season (49.6%) than dry season (35.8%). © 2014 Trop. Agric. (Trinidad).	Doe-rabbit; Litter traits; Re-mating time-period; Reproduction; Tropics	Oryctolagus cuniculus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77958111905	Nutritional evaluation of sweet orange (citrus sinensis) fruit peel as a feed resource in broiler production	Agu P.N., Oluremi O.I.A., Tuleun C.D.	2010	International Journal of Poultry Science	9	7	None	Department of Animal Production, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi Benue State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi Benue State, Nigeria	Agu, P.N., Department of Animal Production, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi Benue State, Nigeria; Oluremi, O.I.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi Benue State, Nigeria; Tuleun, C.D., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi Benue State, Nigeria	A study was conducted with broiler chicks to evaluate the nutritional potential of Sweet orange fruit (Citrus sinensis) peel as a feed resource. Sweet orange peels were sun dried, milled and used as a dietary substitute for maize. Six experimental diets coded as M100P0, M90P10, M80P20, M70P30, M60P40 and M50P50 were compounded such that Sweet Orange Peel Meal (SOPM) substituted maize at levels of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%, respectively in broiler starter and finisher diets. One hundred and eighty (180) day-old Anak titan chicks were randomly divided into six groups and one of each was allotted to a diet of three replicates. The birds which were raised in deep litter pens for sixty-three days were fed ad libitum and had access to fresh cool drinking water daily. Performance data: feed intake, water consumption, body weight, Body Weight Gain (BWG), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were collected during the feeding trial and carcass evaluation was done at the termination of the trial. In both starter and finisher phases, the diets had no effect (p>0.05) on feed intake, water consumption, body BWG and FCR but had significant effect (p<0.01) on the body weight of broilers as the level of the SOPM increased from 0-50%. There was a significant decrease in body weight at SOPM level higher than 20%. Experimental diets had highly significant effect (p<0.001) on dressing percent, drumstick and wing from 30% level of SOPM while other carcass cuts: thigh, breast, back, neck and shoulder were statistically the same (p>0.05) among the dietary groups. The diets had no effect (p>0.05) on kidney, liver, heart, spleen, gall bladder and lung but had significant effect (p<0.01) on proventriculus and gizzard as the SOPM level increased. The organs were normal and there were no observable adverse effects on the health of broilers. SOPM can be a dietary substitute for maize up to 20% level in the diet for broiler. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Broiler; Carcass; Orange peel; Organs; Performance	Aves; Citrus sinensis; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67149131859	Effect of graded level of alphamune g on performance, blood chemistry and histology of cockerel chicks	Bolu S.A., Ojo V., Oluyemi O., Babawale O.I., Awodele O.A.	2009	International Journal of Poultry Science	8	4	10.3923/ijps.2009.397.400	Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Bolu, S.A., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Ojo, V., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Oluyemi, O., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Babawale, O.I., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Awodele, O.A., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	A study was conducted to determine the response of day-old cockerel chicks to graded levels of Alphamune G (0.00, 0.04, 0.05 and 0.06%). The experiment which was conducted for 8 weeks employed a completely randomized design. Feed intake and nutrient retention were not significantly influenced (p>0.05) by dietary inclusion levels of Alphamune G. However, weight gain and feed to gain ratio were significantly improved (p<0.05) for cockerel chicks fed 0.06% inclusion level when compared with the control. The values were 7.78 and 4.58 g/bird/week, respectively. Haematology and serum indices did not show any significant effect as a result of the graded levels of dietary Alphamune G. Histological characteristics revealed slight morphological changes in specific organs of birds fed Alphamune G supplemented diet vis-a viz the control diet. Inclusion of Alphamune G at 0.06% in the diets of cockerel chicks gave the best performance. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2009.	Alphamune G; Cockerels; Diet	Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879524493	The effect of brewers dried grains supplemented by enzyme on performance of Isa-Brown laying hens [Utjecaj sušenoga pivskoga ječma s dodatkom enzima na produktivnost Isa-Brown nesilica]	Olajide R., Akinsoyinu A.O., Iyayi E.A., Afolabi K.D.	2013	Poljoprivreda	19	1	None	Department of Animal Science and Production, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji-Arakeji, P.M.B, 5006, Ilesa, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Olajide, R., Department of Animal Science and Production, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji-Arakeji, P.M.B, 5006, Ilesa, Osun State, Nigeria; Akinsoyinu, A.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Iyayi, E.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Afolabi, K.D., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	This study investigated the effect of dietary inclusion of Brewers Dried Grains (BDG) supplemented with Grandizyme® enzyme as a partial substitute for maize in layers diets. One hundred and twenty Isa-Brown laying hens were randomly allotted to three diets formulated with 0 (control), 10% and 20% BDG, and fed for 12 weeks. There were 4 replicates of 10 birds each in a dietary treatment. Feed intake, hen day production and net profit generated from the sales of eggs were significantly (p<0.05) highest for diet 3. Cost of feed /kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced from N{strok}35.50 (€0.17) for diet 1 to N{strok}33.69 (€0.16) and N{strok}31.38 (€0.15) respectively for diets 2 and 3. Substitution of maize with 20% BDG supplemented with Grandizyme® enzyme resulted in better performance and gave a higher net profit compared with other treatments; and could be adopted to alleviate the problem of high cost of maize.	Brewers dried grains; Enzyme supplementation; Laying hen; Performance; Profitability	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76749091825	Effect of graded levels of dried pawpaw (Carica papaya) seed on the performance, haematology, serum biochemistry and carcass evaluation of chicken broilers	Bolu S.A.O., Sola-Ojo F.E., Olorunsanya O.A., Idris K.	2009	International Journal of Poultry Science	8	9	10.3923/ijps.2009.905.909	Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Bolu, S.A.O., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Sola-Ojo, F.E., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Olorunsanya, O.A., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Idris, K., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of graded levels of Dried Pawpaw Seed (DPS) on growth performance, haematological parameters and carcass evaluation of chicken broilers. One hundred day-old broilers were randomly divided into four treatments groups of diets containing 0, 5, 10 and 15% DPS in a Completely Randomized Designed (CRD) for a period of six weeks. The results of this experiments showed that there were significant differences (p>0.05) in feed intake and weight gain across the dietary treatment with diet containing 5% DPS having the highest weight gain of 17.58g/bird/day, while birds fed diets with 15% DPS had the lowest weight gain (11.18 g/bird/day), nutrient utilization was higher in birds fed 5% DPS. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in the haematological parameters, serum biochemistry and carcass parameters across the dietary treatment. The results of this study indicate that DPS can be included in broiler diet at 5% level. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2009.	Broilers; Dried pawpaw seed; Nutrient utilization	Asimina triloba; Aves; Carica papaya	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845335195	Effect of β-xylanase supplementation of boiled castor seed meal-based diets on the performance, nutrient absorbability and some blood constituents of pullet chicks	Babalola T.O.O., Apata D.F., Atteh J.O.	2006	Tropical Science	46	4	10.1002/ts.181	Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Babalola, T.O.O., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Apata, D.F., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Atteh, J.O., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	β-xylanase addition improved apparent nitrogen and fibre absorption as well as feed transit time. Up to 150 g kg-1 boiled castor seed meal could be incorporated into pullet chick diets without any adverse effect on growth performance or blood constituents. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.	β-xylanase; Blood constituents; Castor seed meal; Growth; Nutrient absorbability; Pullet chicks	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649559093	Growth performance and carcass analysis of broiler chickens fed graded levels of toasted Albizia lebbeck seed meal	Olorunsanya A.O., Egbewande O.O., Ibrahim H., Adeyemo M.M.	2010	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	9	9	None	Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, llorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, P.M.B. 11, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria	Olorunsanya, A.O., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, llorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Egbewande, O.O., Department of Animal Science, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, P.M.B. 11, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria; Ibrahim, H., Department of Animal Science, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, P.M.B. 11, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria; Adeyemo, M.M., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, llorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	One hundred day old broiler chicks were used for this study. They were fed on a conventional broiler starter feed for the first seven days after which they were randomly allotted into five treatment groups of twenty birds with ten birds per replicate. A seven week trial was conducted to investigate the nutritive value of Toasted Albizia lebbeck Seed Meal (TASM) on the birds. The test material was included at dietary levels of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%. At the end of the trial, three birds were randomly selected per replicate, starved overnight, bled through jugular vein, de-feathered and eviscerated. Average feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion efficiency and mortality showed significant (p<0.05) difference. However, at 0 and 5% dietary levels, there was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the performance characteristics. The carcass parameters showed that 0 and 5% TASM dietary levels were significantly (p<0.05) higher than other treatments in all the parameters assessed. The above showed that the birds were able to tolerate TASM up to 5% level of inclusion, but beyond this, overall performances, carcass characteristics and mortality were affected. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Albizia lebbeck; Broilers; Carcass and performance characteristics	Albizia lebbeck; animal experiment; animal food; animal tissue; article; broiler; carcass; chicken; controlled study; dietary intake; food intake; growth curve; mortality; nonhuman; nutritional value; plant seed; weight gain; Albizia lebbeck; Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55649120019	Evaluation of supplementary stevia (Stevia rebaudiana, bertoni) leaves and stevioside in broiler diets: Effects on feed intake, nutrient metabolism, blood parameters and growth performance	Atteh J.O., Onagbesan O.M., Tona K., Decuypere E., Geuns J.M.C., Buyse J.	2008	Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition	92	6	10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00760.x	Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Nigeria; Laboratory for Physiology and Immunology of Domestic Animals, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium; Laboratory for Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium	Atteh, J.O., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, Laboratory for Physiology and Immunology of Domestic Animals, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium; Onagbesan, O.M., Laboratory for Physiology and Immunology of Domestic Animals, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium; Tona, K., Laboratory for Physiology and Immunology of Domestic Animals, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium; Decuypere, E., Laboratory for Physiology and Immunology of Domestic Animals, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium; Geuns, J.M.C., Laboratory for Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium; Buyse, J., Laboratory for Physiology and Immunology of Domestic Animals, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium	A perennial schrub, stevia, and its extracts are used as a natural sweetener and have been shown to possess antimicrobial properties. Stevia contains high levels of sweetening glycosides including stevioside which is thought to possess antimicrobial and antifungal properties. Little is known about the nutritional value of the schrub in livestock. This study determined the potential use of the shrub as a prebiotic animal feed supplement in light of the recent ban on the use of antibiotics in animal feed and the role of its constituent stevioside in the effects of the shrub. Male Cobb broiler chicks were fed a basal broiler diet without antibiotic but with performance enhancing enzyme mix (positive control), a basal diet without antibiotic and enzymes (negative control), or diets in which 2% of the negative control diet was replaced with either dried ground stevia leaves or 130 ppm pure stevioside during 2 week starter and 2 week grower periods. Body weight gains, feed conversion, abdominal fat deposition, plasma hormone and metabolites and caecal short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were measured in the broilers at 2 and 4 weeks of age. There was no significant effect of the treatments on feed intake during the starter period but birds fed diet supplemented with stevia leaves and stevioside consumed more feed (p &lt; 0.05) than those fed the positive control diet during the grower period. Weight gain by birds fed the positive control and stevioside diets was higher (p &lt; 0.05) than those fed other diets only during the starter period. Feed/gain ratio of birds fed the positive control and stevioside diets was superior (p &lt; 0.05) to others. There was no effect of the treatments on nutrient retention and water content of the excreta. Dietary stevia leave and stevioside decreased total concentration of SCFA and changed their profile in the ceca. There was no effect of the treatments on pancreas weight. Dietary stevia reduced blood levels of glucose, triglycerides and triiodothyronine (T3) but had no effect on non-esterified fatty acids. In contrast, stevioside only decreased T3. Both the stevia leaves and stevioside diets significantly increased abdominal fat content. It is concluded that dietary enzyme growth promoters are beneficial to the broilers only during the starter stage and that inclusion of stevia leaves or stevioside has no beneficial effect on the performance of broilers. © 2008 The Authors.	Blood parameters; Broiler chickens; Feed supplement; Growth; Stevia	antiinfective agent; fatty acid; glucoside; kaurane derivative; probiotic agent; stevioside; volatile fatty acid; animal; animal food; article; body composition; cecum; chemistry; chicken; drug effect; eating; growth, development and aging; male; metabolism; nutritional value; physiology; plant leaf; randomization; Stevia; weight gain; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Body Composition; Cecum; Chickens; Diterpenes, Kaurane; Eating; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Glucosides; Male; Nutritive Value; Plant Leaves; Probiotics; Random Allocation; Stevia; Weight Gain; Animalia; Aves; Gallus gallus; Stevia rebaudiana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-43249129636	Growth performance, nutrient digestibility and immune response of broiler chicks fed diets supplemented with a culture of Lactobacillus bulgaricus	Apata D.F.	2008	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	88	7	10.1002/jsfa.3214	Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Apata, D.F., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	BACKGROUND: Probiotics are being developed for use in animal feed to enhance production performance and prevention of gastrointestinal infections. The ban on using antibiotics as growth promoters, antibiotic resistance and the inherent problems of developing new vaccines make a compelling case for developing alternatives for in-feed antibiotics. The alternatives of choice have to be considered under the environmental conditions of the animal. Among the probiotics in use today, Lactobacillus has been shown to play a vital role in disease prevention, immune enhancement, improved growth and carcass yield in poultry. The present study investigates the effect of Lactobacillus bulgaricus (LB)-based probiotic on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and immune response of broilers under tropical environmental conditions. RESULTS: Broilers fed LB diets consumed more feed (P &lt; 0.05) and had greater body weight gain than the control group. Feed/gain ratio improved significantly (P &lt; 0.05) with the 20, 40 and 60 mg kg-1 LB diets compared with the control or 80 mg kg-1 LB diet. The apparent digestibilities of nitrogen and fat increased with LB supplementation. However, there was no significant difference (P &gt; 0.05) in fibre digestibility. White blood cell count increased significantly in broilers fed higher levels (&gt;40 mg kg -1) of LB compared with the control group. Antibody production measured as antibody titre against Newcastle disease vaccine showed a curvilinear response over the range of LB concentrations examined. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that LB addition to broiler chick diets significantly improved growth performance, increased nutrient digestibility and stimulated humoral immune response. © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry.	Broiler chick; Immune response; Lactobacillus bulgaricus; Nutrient digestibility; Performance	Animalia; Lactobacillus; Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845346476	Evaluation of cowpea accessions for the Southern Guinea savannah	Awopetu J.A., Aliyu O.M.	2006	Tropical Science	46	4	10.1002/ts.183	Department of Crop Production, University of Florin, Nigeria; Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5244, Ibadan, Nigeria	Awopetu, J.A., Department of Crop Production, University of Florin, Nigeria; Aliyu, O.M., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5244, Ibadan, Nigeria	Twenty-five accessions of cowpea of different origin were evaluated in Ilorin, in the Southern Guinea savannah of Nigeria. They showed variable adaptation in terms of flowering time, leaves at flowering, pattern of branching, yield capabilities and time of maturity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Adaptation; Breeding; Cowpea accessions; Savannah ecology	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880132414	Effects of urea-treated fibrous diets on nutrient intake, digestibility, performance and haematological parameters of Yankasa rams	Alabi J.O., Arigbede M., Ng'ambi J., Norris D., Shiawoya E., Onyekachi S.	2013	Tropical Animal Health and Production	45	6	10.1007/s11250-013-0368-5	Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, P Bag X 1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa; Department of Pasture and Range Management, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Depa	Alabi, J.O., Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, P Bag X 1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa; Arigbede, M., Department of Pasture and Range Management, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Ng'ambi, J., Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, P Bag X 1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa; Norris, D., Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, P Bag X 1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa; Shiawoya, E., Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria; Onyekachi, S., Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria	An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of urea-treated fibrous diets on the intake, nutrient digestibility, performance and haematological parameters of Yankasa rams. A total of 48 Yankasa rams (BW 10.00 ± 1.50 kg; 6-8 months old) were allocated into four treatment groups in a completely randomised design (12 rams per treatment). Animals were placed on complete rations of yam peels, maize bran and rice husk treated with 0, 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 % urea. The experiment lasted for 18 weeks. Yankasa rams fed with urea-treated diets had higher feed intake (949.88 and 938.04 g/day for U15 and U20, respectively), daily weight gain (227.67 and 181.00 g/day for U15 and U20, respectively) and better feed conversion ratio (4.17 and 5.18 for U15 and U20, respectively). Rams on urea-treated diets had higher haemoglobin and red blood cell contents and higher weight gains, indicating that urea treatment enhanced nutrient supply and utilisation at the tissue level. It was concluded that urea treatment of fibrous farm by-products is a promising feeding strategy especially during the dry season when there is scarcity of high-quality forages. Addition of 1.5 % urea to roughage diets and farm by-products to form a total mixed ration may preclude the search for supplements. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	By-product; Fibrous diet; Haematological analyses; Urea; Yankasa rams	urea; animal; animal disease; animal food; article; blood analysis; caloric intake; diet; diet supplementation; dietary fiber; digestion; domestic sheep; feeding behavior; male; metabolism; Nigeria; physiology; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Blood Chemical Analysis; Diet; Dietary Fiber; Dietary Supplements; Digestion; Energy Intake; Feeding Behavior; Male; Nigeria; Sheep, Domestic; Urea; Animalia; Dioscorea alata; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58849119153	Effects of dietary energy level and tanniferous Acacia karroo leaf meal level of supplementation at finisher stage on performance and carcass characteristics of ross 308 broiler chickens in South Africa	Ng'ambi J.W., Nakalebe P.M., Norris D., Malatje M.S., Mbajiorgu C.A.	2009	International Journal of Poultry Science	8	1	None	Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa	Ng'ambi, J.W., Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Nakalebe, P.M., Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Norris, D., Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Malatje, M.S., Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Mbajiorgu, C.A., Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa	The study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary energy level and tanniniferous Acacia karroo leaf meal level of supplementation at finisher stage on performance and carcass characteristics of male and female Ross 308 broiler chickens. Three hundred and sixty, 21 days old male and female broiler chickens were assigned to twelve treatments with three replications of ten birds in a 2 (sex) x 3 (dietary energy level) x 3 (tanniniferous Acacia karroo leaf meal level) factorial, complete randomized design. Supplementation with Acacia karroo leaf meal had no effect on diet intake, digestibility and live weight of broiler chickens. However, supplementation with 9 and 12 g of Acacia karroo leaf meal per kg DM feed reduced fat pad weights in male broiler chickens by 26 and 29% points, respectively. Similarly, supplementation with 9 and 12 g of Acacia karroo leaf meal per kg DM feed reduced fat pad weights in female chickens by 26% points. These reductions were achieved without any significant reduction in feed intake and digestibility. However, the physiological explanation for this effect is not clear and it, thus, merits further investigation. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2009.	Acacia karroo; Digestibility; Fat pad; Nitrogen retention; Ross 308 broiler chickens	Acacia; Acacia karroo; Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893709135	Epidemiology, public health impact and control methods of the most neglected parasite diseases in Ethiopia: A review	Dawit G., Shishay K.	2014	World Journal of Medical Sciences	10	2	10.5829/idosi.wjms.2014.10.2.81231	Department of Animal Science and Eco-tourism Management, Aksum University, Shire, Ethiopia	Dawit, G., Department of Animal Science and Eco-tourism Management, Aksum University, Shire, Ethiopia; Shishay, K., Department of Animal Science and Eco-tourism Management, Aksum University, Shire, Ethiopia	Toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis and hydatidosis are the most neglected, an important public health problem and of economic importance, affecting largely the poorest of the poor, mainly in developing countries. Toxoplasmosis is a problematic zoonosis, particularly in vulnerable groups such as pregnant women and immunodeficient patients. Toxoplasma gondii was first isolated in the early 1900s from an African rodent (i.e. Ctenodactylus gundi). Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, infecting humans and almost all warm-blooded animals. Toxoplasmosis is the most common disease complication, next to tuberculosis, among HIV seropositive admissions and deaths in Ethiopia. Leishmaniasis is a major vector-borne disease caused by obligate intramacrophage protozoa of the genus Leishmania and transmitted by the bite of phlebotomine female sand flies. Currently, leishmaniasis shows a wider geographic distribution and increased global incidence. Environmental, demographic and human behaviors contribute to the changing landscape for zoonotic cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. The primary reservoir hosts of Leishmania are sylvatic mammals such as forest rodents, hyraxes and wild canids and dogs are the most important species among domesticated animals in the epidemiology. HIV/AIDS co-infection in the north-western, visceral leishmaniasis focus in Ethiopia has the highest known HIV co-infection rate in the world. Hydatidosis is a major parasitic disease caused by the larval stage of the dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus and is characterized by the formation of single or multiple cysts (hydatid cysts) varying in size. Dogs are particularly important in zoonotic transmission due to their close relationships with humans. Ethiopia has been noted for a high prevalence of hydatid disease since 1970s during which it was reported that the disease occurs in all parts of the country. Likewise, studies conducted recently in abattoirs of various locations have indicated that hydatidosis is widespread in Ethiopia with great economic and public health significance. Therefore, it is highly imperative public health education to build up public awareness about the sources of infection, control and prevention method for overcoming neglected tropical diseases. © IDOSI Publications, 2014.	Ethiopia; Hydatidosis; Leishmaniasis; Neglected; Toxoplasmosis	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952122658	Effects of feed forms and feeding frequency on growth performance and nutrient utilization of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings	Ajani F., Dawodu M.O., Bello-Olusoji O.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	2	None	Department of Animal Science and Fisheries Management, Bowen University, P. M. B. 284, lwo, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Bowen University, Lwo, Nigeria; Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nige	Ajani, F., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries Management, Bowen University, P. M. B. 284, lwo, Nigeria; Dawodu, M.O., Department of Chemistry, Bowen University, Lwo, Nigeria; Bello-Olusoji, O., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	A 12-week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the optimum feeding frequency and best feed form for the growth and nutrient utilization of African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Three replicate groups of fish (average weight of 3.05± 0.25 g) were fed at 5% body weight using either floating or sinking pellets at different feeding frequencies (three meals a day, two meals a day or one meal a day) in a 2 × 3 factorial experimental design. The mean weight gain and daily feed intake of the fish were not affected significantly by the feed forms; however the fish fed with floating pellets had a slight higher weight gain than those fed with the sinking pellets. The weight gain and daily feed intake of fish fed floating or sinking pellets twice a day and thrice a day were significantly higher than that of the fish fed once in a day (p < 0.05). The feeding frequency did not have any effect on the feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio in the fish fed with sinking pellet but these variables were significantly (p < 0.05) affected in the fish fed once in a day when compared with other feeding frequencies while using floating pellet. The feeding frequencies and feed forms had no significant effect on the protein content of the fish carcass. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were recorded in the lipid content of fish as feeding frequency increases. It is therefore concluded that any of these fish feed forms can be fed at twice or thrice per day effectively for optimum result in the growth of C. gariepinus. © 2011 Academic Journals.	African catfish (Clarias gariepinus); Feed form; Feed frequency; Growth; Nutrient utilization	Clarias gariepinus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44349190909	Effect of mixed feeding regime on litter performance traits of rabbit does	Iheukwumere F.C.	2008	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	7	4	10.3923/pjn.2008.594.596	Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Abia State University, PMB 7010, Umuahia, Nigeria	Iheukwumere, F.C., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Abia State University, PMB 7010, Umuahia, Nigeria	Twenty-four clinically sexually mature New Zealand white rabbits consisting of (4 buck and 20 does) were used to study the effect of concentrate and Talinum triangulare combinations by breeding does during pregnancy on litter performance traits. The treatments comprised the following concentrate and Talinum triangulare combinations (%) respectively: (1) 20:80, (2) 40:60, (3) 60:40, (4) 80.20.. A total of 150 g/day was offered to the does during pregnancy. Average litter sizes at birth and weaning and litter weaning weight were similar (P > 0.05) between 40:60 and 60:40 concentrate and forage combinations, but, they differed significantly (P < 0.05) from 20:80 and 80:20 concentrate and forage combinations. However, 20:80 diets differed significantly (P < 0.05) from 80:20 diet combinations. Average litter weight gains (0 - 35 days) for the various concentrate and forage levels were 2054.40 ± 14.25 g (20:80), 2270.74 ± 18.85 g (40:60), 2314.40 ± 24.64 g (60:40) and 1485.24 ± 19.30 g (80:20). Mortalities were not significantly different (P > 0.05) between diets. From the economic stand point therefore, diet with 60:40 concentrate and forage combinations could be considered optimum, based on result on litter sizes, litter weight at weaning and mortality. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008.	Does; Litter traits; Mixed feeding	animal experiment; animal food; article; body weight; breeding; controlled study; dietary intake; economic aspect; forage; litter size; mortality; nonhuman; rabbit; sexual maturity; weaning; weight gain; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Talinum triangulare	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650333983	Evaluation of cellulolytic enzyme supplementation on production indices and nutrient utilization of laying hens fed soybean hull based diets	Esonu B.O., Izukanne R.O., Inyang O.A.	2005	International Journal of Poultry Science	4	4	10.3923/ijps.2005.213.216	Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production, Michael Okpara College of Agriculture, Umuagwo, Imo State, Nigeria	Esonu, B.O., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria; Izukanne, R.O., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria; Inyang, O.A., Department of Animal Production, Michael Okpara College of Agriculture, Umuagwo, Imo State, Nigeria	A 120-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate cellulolytic enzyme supplementation on production indices and nutrient utilization of laying hens fed soybean hull based diets. Seven experimental layers diets were formulated incorporating soybean hull meal at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% (without enzyme supplementation) and 10, 20 and 30% (with 2.0% enzyme supplementation) dietary levels respectively. One hundred and forty seven (147), Shikka brown layers already 12 months in lay were divided into 7 groups of 21 birds each and randomly assigned to the 7 treatment diets in a completely randomized design (CRD). There were significant differences (P<0.05) in feed intake, feed conversion ratio, hen-day production, feed cost/dozen eggs, egg weight, Haugh unit, digestibility of crude protein, ether extract and crude fibre among the groups. However, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) among the groups in body weight, egg yolk colour, shell thickness, albumen and yolk indices, horizontal and oblong circumferences and digestibility of dry matter and ash respectively. The group on 30% dietary level of soybean hull meal (without enzyme supplementation) performed significantly (P<0.05) better than the other groups in hen-day egg production, feed cost/dozen eggs and egg weight. The results of this experiment suggest that 2.0% "safzyme" cellulolytic enzyme supplementation at 30% dietary level of soybean hull meal in layer diet could not significantly affect the performance of laying hens. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2005.	Cellulolytic enzyme supplementation; Laying hens; Production indices; Soybean hull	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33746116972	Impact of water soluble fractions of crude oil on growth performance of the catfish Heterobranchus bidorsalis (Geoffrey St. Hilaire, 1809)	Nwabueze A.A., Agbogidi O.M.	2006	European Journal of Scientific Research	13	3	None	Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Abraka, Nigeria; Department of Forestry and Wildlife, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Abraka, Nigeria	Nwabueze, A.A., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Abraka, Nigeria; Agbogidi, O.M., Department of Forestry and Wildlife, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Abraka, Nigeria	The impact of sub lethal concentration of water-soluble fractions (WSFs) of crude oil on growth performance of the catfish Heterobranchus bidorsalis fingerlings (mean weight: 1.36±0.05g) was investigated under laboratory conditions during a 10 - week period of exposure in a renewal static bioassay system. The concentrations of WSFs used were 0.00 - control, 0.125, 0.50 and 1.00 ml per litre. Mortality was recorded in the 0.50 and 1.00 ml per litre concentrations. Results indicate that growth rate of fish was significantly (P≥0.05) reduced as compared with the control fish. Observations on behaviour of fish showed reduced activity especially feeding with increasing concentrations of WSFs. There were significant (P≤0.05) differences in growth and mortality rate in fish exposed to WSFs compared with the control. Investigation on the physiochemical parameter of WSFs such as temperature, dissolved oxygen (D.O), bilogical oxygen demand (B.O.D) and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) indicated a significant (P≤0.05) increase and decrease in B.O.D and D.O. respectively as compared with controls. The temperature and pH remained the same in various experimental tanks. The present study indicated that Heterobranchus bidorsalis can serve as a bio indicator of crude oil polluted water bodies. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2006.	Crude oil; Growth; Heterobranchus bidorsalis; Water-soluble fractions	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77958048813	Performance characteristics of finisher broiler chicks fed varying levels of exogenous enzyme supplemented Bambara seed [Vigna subterranean (L) Verde] offal as Replacement for maize	Obih T.K.O., Ekenyem B.U.	2010	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	9	5	None	Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Imo State University, P.M.B. 200, Owerri, Nigeria	Obih, T.K.O., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Imo State University, P.M.B. 200, Owerri, Nigeria; Ekenyem, B.U., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Imo State University, P.M.B. 200, Owerri, Nigeria	A 28-day feeding trial was conducted using 240 Anak 2000 strain of finisher broilers fed 0, 15, 30 and 45% levels of exogenous enzyme supplemented Bambara Seed Offal (esBSO) in a completely randomized design where esBSO replaced whole maize weight for weight. Each of four dietary treatments was further replicated four times. Routine vaccination and medication typical of broilers were strictly adhered to. The initial weight, final weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, feed cost/kg and feed cost/weight gain were measured. Results show that birds on control (0%) and 15% esBSO with weight gains 1.73kg each, did not differ significantly (p>0.05) and were superior to those of levels 30 and 45% (1.55 and 1.43 kg respectively). Feed conversion ratio, feed cost/kg and feed cost/weight gain declined as the level of esBSO increased from 0-45%, with 0% having the best FCR. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Enzyme supplemented bambara seed offal (esBSO); Finisher broiler; Whole maize	animal behavior; animal food; article; broiler; controlled study; cost control; cost minimization analysis; diet supplementation; food composition; food intake; legume; maize; nonhuman; nutrient content; plant seed; Vigna subterranean; weight gain; Aves; Bambara; Vigna subterranea; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845768510	Effect of partial replacement of yam peel meal Dioscorea spp. for Maize Meal Zea mays on performance and carcass characteristics of finisher broiler chicks	Ekenyem B.U., Madubuike F.N., Dike O.F.	2006	International Journal of Poultry Science	5	10	None	Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Imo State University, P.M.B. 2000, Owerri, Nigeria	Ekenyem, B.U., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Imo State University, P.M.B. 2000, Owerri, Nigeria; Madubuike, F.N., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Imo State University, P.M.B. 2000, Owerri, Nigeria; Dike, O.F., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Imo State University, P.M.B. 2000, Owerri, Nigeria	One hundred and sixty 4-week old Anak 2000 broiler chicks were used in a 28-day feeding trial to evaluate the effect of partial replacement of yam peel meal (YPM) for Maize Meal (MM) in the performance and carcass characteristics of finisher broiler chicks. Birds were grouped into four treatments and fed diets containing 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% YPM. The treatments were replicated four times in a completely randomized design. Feeding and potable water supply were ad libitum. Routine vaccination and medication and other standard management practices were strictly observed. Data collected were performance parameters such as initial weight, final weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and feed cost per kg gain while carcass parameters such as dressed weight, breast weight, thigh weight, wings, shank and head were measured. Results show that birds fed 15% YPM 1737.50g were significantly (P<0.05) heavier than others fed 0% YPM 1650.00g, 5% YPM 1637.50g and 10% YPM 1675.00g thus showing heavier weight with increasing levels of YPM in the diets. Similar trend was also observed in weight gain in which birds fed 15% YPM made significantly (P<0.05) superior gain to birds on the rest diets. Cost of feed/kg gain significantly (P<0.05) reduced with increasing levels of YPM. All carcass parameters show significant (P<0.05) differences between treatments in favour of birds fed higher levels of YPM. Thus the inclusion of YPM in diets up to 15% improved the performance and carcass characteristics of the birds as well as significantly (P<0.05) reduced the cost of feed/weight gain. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.	Broiler chick diets; Carcass characteristics; Maize meal; Partial replacement; Yam peel meal	Aves; Dioscorea; Dioscorea alata; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745927404	Replacement value of bambaranut Voandzeia subterranea sievate for soyabean meal Glycin max on the performance of finisher broiler chicken	Ekenyem B.U., Onyeagoro C.P.	2006	International Journal of Poultry Science	5	4	10.3923/ijps.2006.381.384	Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Imo State University, P.M.B. 2000, Owerri, Nigeria	Ekenyem, B.U., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Imo State University, P.M.B. 2000, Owerri, Nigeria; Onyeagoro, C.P., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Imo State University, P.M.B. 2000, Owerri, Nigeria	One hundred and sixty 4-week old broiler chicks were used in a 28-day feeding trial in a completely randomized design, to evaluate the performance of finisher broiler chicks fed varying replacement values of Bambaranut sievate (BNS) Voandzeia subterranea for soyabean meal (SBM) Glycin max. The four dietary treatments were further replicated four times. Treatments having 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% BNS replaced corresponding weights of SBM in the diets. Feed and potable water were supplied ad libitum while vaccination and medication were appropriately applied. The initial weight, final weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, feed cost per kg gain were measured. Results show that birds on 0% and 5% BNS with weights 1.85kg and 1.83kg respectively were significantly (P<0.05) heavier than those on 10% and 15% BNS weighing 1.68kg and 1.65kg respectively. This trend was also observed for weight gain where birds on 0% and 5% BNS were superior (P<0.05) to those on 10% and 15% levels respectively. However, the initial weight and feed intake were not statistically different (P>0.05), feed conversion ratio and feed cost/kg gain were significantly (P<0.05) different between their various treatment means. BNS was found to appreciably reduce cost of broiler chick production and could be included up to 15% in chicks diets. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.	Bambaranut sievate; Finisher broiler chicks; Performance; Soyabean meal	Aves; Glycine max; Vigna subterranea	None
None	None	Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf meal as a substitute for sunflower seed meal on performance of laying hens in Tanzania	Kakengi A.M.V., Kaijage J.T., Sarwatt S.V., Mutayoba S.K., Shem M.N., Fujihara T.	2007	Livestock Research for Rural Development	19	8	None	Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Laboratory of Animal Science, Shimane University, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Matsue-shi, Shimane, Japan	Kakengi, A.M.V., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Kaijage, J.T., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Sarwatt, S.V., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Mutayoba, S.K., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Shem, M.N., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Fujihara, T., Laboratory of Animal Science, Shimane University, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Matsue-shi, Shimane, Japan	An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of substituting Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) for sunflower seed meal (SSM) as a protein source of egg strain commercial chickens. The effects of substitution on feed intake (FI), dry matter intake (DMI), egg weight (EWT), Laying percentage (LP), egg mass production (EMP), and feed conversion ratio (KG FEED/KG EGGS) were investigated. Four dietary treatments based on MOLM and SSM as plant protein sources were formulated such that MOLM reciprocally replaced SSM at levels of 20, 15, 10 and 0% giving the dietary treatments containing 0, 5, 10 and 20% MOLM levels for MOLM-0, MOLM-10, MOLM-15 and MOLM-20 respectively. A total of 96 twenty-one weeks of age pullets were allocated to the dietary treatments in a randomised design. Each treatment consisted of three replicates and eight birds per replicate. The EWT was significantly highest in MOLM-0 and lowest in MOLM-10. LP showed a significant progressive decreasing trend as MOLM proportion increased in the diet. Further, EMP showed a significant progressive decrease at 10 and 20% MOLM levels. DMI and DFI significantly increased progressively at 10 and 20% MOLM levels. Also, Kg feed/Kg eggs (g feed intake/g egg mass) were significantly highest in birds fed 20% MOLM levels. The results, therefore, suggest that MOLM could completely replace SSC up to 20% without any detrimental effect in laying chickens. However, for better efficiency 10% inclusion level is optimal and an addition of MOLM above 10% high energy based feeds are required for better utilization.	Chicken; Layer; Leaf meal; Moringa oleifera; Nutrition; Substitution; Sunflower seed meal	Aves; Gallus gallus; Helianthus; Moringa oleifera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954262127	Performance of broiler finisher chicks fed varying levels of maize offal as replacement for whole maize	Ekenyem B.U., Obih T.K.O.	2010	International Journal of Poultry Science	9	4	None	Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Imo State University, P.M.B. 2000, Owerri, Nigeria	Ekenyem, B.U., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Imo State University, P.M.B. 2000, Owerri, Nigeria; Obih, T.K.O., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Imo State University, P.M.B. 2000, Owerri, Nigeria	Two hundred 4-week old Anak 1000 Strain of broliles were used in a 28-day feeding trial in a completely randomized design to evaluate the performance of finisher broiler chicken fed varying levels of maize further replicated four times. Treatments having 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60% maize offal replaced corresponding weights of whole maize in the diets. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. Routine vaccination programme and medication typical of measured. Results who that birds on control (0%) and 30% maize offal with weight gains of 1.56 kg and 1.55 kg respectively did not differ significantly (p&gt;0.05) but were significantly (p&gt;0.05) heavier than those on 15, 45 and 60%. Cost of producing one kg of feed declined from N54.50 in the conrol to N44.50 at 60% inclusion level of maize offal which differed significantly (p&gt;0.05). Feed cost/kg gain (N) was lowest for birds on T3 (30% maize offal), N 145.08 which differed significantly (p&gt;0.05) from the other treatments. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Finisher broiler; Maize offal; Whole maize	Aves; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954274047	Performance and cost evaluation of substituting bambara seed [Vigna subterranean (L) Verdc] offal for soyabean meal in the diets of broiler starter chicks	Obih T.K.O., Ekenyem B.U.	2010	International Journal of Poultry Science	9	4	None	Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Imo State University, P.M.B. 2000, Owerri, Nigeria	Obih, T.K.O., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Imo State University, P.M.B. 2000, Owerri, Nigeria; Ekenyem, B.U., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Imo State University, P.M.B. 2000, Owerri, Nigeria	A 28 day feeding trial was conducted using 160 marshalstrain of day old broiler chicks fed 0, 5, 10 and 15% levels of Bambara Seed Offal (BSO) in a completely randomized design where BSO replaced soyabean meal weight for weight. Each of the four dietary treatments was further replicated four times. Routine vaccination and medication typical of broilers were strictly adhered to. The initial weight, final weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, feed costlkilogram and feed costlkilogram weight gain were measured. Results show that birds on control (0% BSO) and T2 (5% BSO) with weight gains 584.78 and 583.48 respectively did not differ significantly (p>0.05) but were superior to those of levels 10% and 15% BSO (539.4 g and 505.0 g respectively). Both feed conversion ratio and feed costlkg declined as the level of BSO increased from 0.15% while feed costlkg weight gain did not maintain any particular trend. Treatment 2 (5% BSO) had the lowest cost of production feed wise. The control (0% BSO) and treatment 2 (5% BSO) were statistically similar (p>0.05) for final weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Bambara seed offal (BSO); Soyabean meal; Starter broiler chicks	Aves; Bambara; Glycine max; Vigna subterranea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77958065711	Performance of finisher broiler chicks fed varying replacement levels of Chromolaena odorata Leaf for soyabean meal	Ekenyem B.U., Obih T.K.O., Odo B.I., Mba F.I.A.	2010	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	9	6	None	Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Imo State University, P.M.B. 2000, Owerri, Nigeria; Department of Animal/Fisheries Science and Management, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria	Ekenyem, B.U., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Imo State University, P.M.B. 2000, Owerri, Nigeria; Obih, T.K.O., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Imo State University, P.M.B. 2000, Owerri, Nigeria; Odo, B.I., Department of Animal/Fisheries Science and Management, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria; Mba, F.I.A., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Imo State University, P.M.B. 2000, Owerri, Nigeria	Sixty 5-week old Marshall broiler chicks were used in a 28-day feeding trial in a Completely Randomized Design, in a deep litter house to evaluate the effect of Chromolaena odorata Leaf Meal (COLM) on the growth performance of finisher broiler chicks. The chicks were grouped into four treatments having 0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5% COLM which were replicated thrice. Feed and water supply were ad libitum. Also medication, vaccination scrupulous sanitation, regular disinfection of the pens and other standard management practices were adopted. Initial weights of the birds, 633.00, 636.67, 630.00 and 585.67 g for treatments 0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5% COLM respectively did not vary significantly (p>0.05). However, significant differences (p<0.05) occurred between the final weights 2120,00, 2096.67, 2003.33 and 1506.67 g for treatments 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% COLM respectively. Daily weight gain, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio, showed similar trends for birds on 0, 2.5 and 5.0% COLM which were similar in values (p>0.05) but differed significantly (p<0.05) from the values for birds on 7.5% COLM. Results confirmed that COLM could substitute soya bean as feed ingredient for broiler chicks up to 7.5% but 5.0% is optimal. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Chromolaena odorata; Finisher broiler; Leaf meal; Performance; Soya bean	animal experiment; article; body growth; broiler; chick; Chromolaena; Chromolaena odorata; concentration (parameters); controlled study; feeding behavior; food analysis; food composition; food intake; food safety; growth rate; moisture; nonhuman; nutrient content; nutritional assessment; nutritional value; plant leaf; soybean; weight gain; Aves; Chromolaena odorata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33748608268	Effect of enzyme supplemented cassava root sieviate on egg quality gut morphology and performance of egg type chickens	Aderemi F.A., Lawal T.E., Alabi O.M., Ladokun O.A., Adeyemo G.O.	2006	International Journal of Poultry Science	5	6	10.3923/ijps.2006.526.529	Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Management Bowen University (of the Nigerian Baptist Convention) Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Lead City University Ibadan, Ni	Aderemi, F.A., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Management Bowen University (of the Nigerian Baptist Convention) Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria; Lawal, T.E., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Management Bowen University (of the Nigerian Baptist Convention) Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria; Alabi, O.M., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Management Bowen University (of the Nigerian Baptist Convention) Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria; Ladokun, O.A., Department of Biochemistry, Lead City University Ibadan, Nigeria; Adeyemo, G.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Enzymic supplementation of cassava root sieviate (CRS) in cassava -based diet was investigated in layers. One hundred and twenty laying birds of Nera strain at 22 weeks old were divided into twelve groups and randomly assigned to the four groups of diets. It lasted for 84 days at the teaching and research farm of the university of Ibadan Nigeria. Results of control avizyme and dried pure yeast (DPY) supplemented diet were similar and significantly (P<0.05) higher than unsupplemented cassava diets. Feed intake revealed that layers fed cassava-based diet had lower consumption when compared to those fed control. Feed conversion however showed that those layers on DPY supplemented diet were significantly (P<0.05) better than others. Final body weight of the layers showed that those on control were significantly (P<0.05) heavier than others. The kidney, heart, abdominal fat and oviduct of layers cassava diet either supplemented or not were significantly (P<0.05) reduced when compared with others on control. The gizzard weight of layers fed unsupplemented and supplemented was also significantly (P<0.05) increased. No mortality was recorded during the feeding trial. Considering egg production layers on control performed better than others, economically DPY diet ranked second to control. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.	Cassava root sieviate; Egg quality parameters; Gut morphology; Performance	Aves; Gallus gallus; Manihot esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41549099714	Rumen degradation characteristics of sweet potato foliage and performance by local and crossbred calves fed milk and foliage from three cultivars	Etela I., Larbi A., Bamikole M.A., Ikhatua U.J., Oji U.I.	2008	Livestock Science	115	1	10.1016/j.livsci.2007.06.004	Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, University of Port Harcourt, East-West Road, Choba, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic; Department of Animal Scien	Etela, I., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, University of Port Harcourt, East-West Road, Choba, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Larbi, A., International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic; Bamikole, M.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Ikhatua, U.J., Department of Animal Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Oji, U.I., Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	The study investigated rumen dry matter (DM) degradability characteristics in a completely randomized design and the effects of milk, sweet potato foliage (SPF) from three cultivars (A = TIS-87/0087; B = TIS-8164; C = TIS-2532.OP.1.13), dried brewers' grains (DBG) and cottonseed meal (CSM) as supplements to Panicum maximum (Panicum) for pre-weaned calves in randomized complete block designs. Diet 1 = milk + SPF-A foliage + Panicum, Diet 2 = milk + SPF-B foliage + Panicum, Diet 3 = milk + SPF-C foliage + Panicum, and Diet 4 = milk + DBG &amp; CSM + Panicum (as control). Dry matter (130 ± 0.4 to 864 ± 3.9 g kg- 1), ash (54 ± 4.2 to 173 ± 2.8 g kg- 1 DM), OM (827 ± 4.2 to 946 ± 5.7 g kg- 1 DM), N (7.4 ± 0.6 to 38.6 ± 1.4 g kg- 1 DM), and NDF (439 ± 1.4 to 774 ± 8.5 g kg- 1 DM) contents were highly significant (P &lt; 0.01). In Trial I, 16 pre-weaned calves were used over 70 d with milk intake (34.8 ± 4.4 ml kg W- 0.75 d- 1), Panicum DMI (22.3 ± 2.77 g kg W- 0.75 d- 1), total DMI (35.7 ± 2.83 g kg W- 0.75 d- 1), and LWG (198 ± 44.6 g d- 1) not significantly different (P &gt; 0.05). Supplement DMI varied (P &lt; 0.05) from 11.6 g kg W- 0.75 d- 1 in Diet 3 to 16.6 g kg W- 0.75 d- 1 in Diet 4. In Trial II, 16 pre-weaned local and crossbred calves were involved over 77 d with initial age of calves, Panicum intake, metabolic DMI, and LWG similar (P &gt; 0.05) among crosses. Birthweight varied (P &lt; 0.05) from 17.3 kg for N'Dama × Jersey crosses to 21.2 kg for White Fulani × Brown Swiss crosses. Supplement and total DMI ranged (P &lt; 0.05) from 172 to 483 g d- 1 for N'Dama × Jersey crosses to 233 and 674 g d- 1 for non-inseminate or purebred calves, respectively. The LWG in the White Fulani × Brown Swiss and the N'Dama × Jersey calves were respectively 30% and 24% better, though not significantly, than purebred calves. In Trial III, rumen DM degradability characteristics of feeds in three N'Dama steers showed no significant differences (P &gt; 0.05) in slowly degradable fraction (b) and rate of degradation of b (c). Soluble fraction (a), 48-h degradation, potential degradability (PD) and effective degradability (ED) varied significantly (P &lt; 0.05) and were lowest in Panicum, but similar for foliage among the three sweet potato cultivars. Panicum fodder showed improvements in degradation characteristics with supplementation. © 2007.	Cultivars; Milk intake; Pre-weaned calves; Rumen degradation characteristics; Sweet potato foliage	Animalia; Dama; Ipomoea batatas; Micropus; Panicum; Panicum maximum	None
None	None	Production performance and desirable traits of Small East African goats in semi-arid areas of central Tanzania	Chenyambuga S.W., Komwihangilo D.M., Jackson M.	2012	Livestock Research for Rural Development	24	7	None	Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania; National Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 202, Mpwapwa, Tanzania	Chenyambuga, S.W., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania; Komwihangilo, D.M., National Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 202, Mpwapwa, Tanzania; Jackson, M., National Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 202, Mpwapwa, Tanzania	A study was carried out to determine the roles, desirable traits and production performance of indigenous goats in Iramba and Kongwa districts, central Tanzania. In each district five villages were selected and 93 and 100 goat keepers were interviewed in Iramba and Kongwa districts, respectively, using a structured questionnaire. Body weight, body length, rump height, withers height and heart girth of 225 goats were measured from flocks of the households surveyed. Crop and livestock production were the main enterprises undertaken by the farmers in the selected villages. Livestock production was ranked second to crop production in terms of contribution to household income and food security. The livestock kept by the farmers of the study area included cattle, goats, sheep, chicken, pigs and donkeys. In terms of importance, indigenous goats were ranked second to indigenous cattle by the respondents (61.4%). The average number of goats kept per household was 12.3 ± 0.86 and 14.9 ± 1.4 in Iramba and Kongwa districts, respectively. The main reasons for keeping goats, in order of importance, were generation of income, capital reserve and provision of meat. The indigenous goats were valued by their owners for being good tolerant to diseases, drought and heat. The goats in the study villages had small body size and average body weight of 24.5± 1.08 kg in Iramba district and 26.8 ± 0.82 kg in Kongwa district. The indigenous goats in Kongwa district had slightly higher values for wither height (59.6 ± 0.47 cm), rump height (56.4 ± 0.43 cm), heart girth (71.1 ± 0.75 cm) and body length (53.1 ± 0.54 cm) than those in Iramba district which had wither height, rump height, heart girth and body length of 58.4 ± 0.62, 55.5 ± 0.56, 68.3 ± 0.98, and 52.9 ± 0.71 cm, respectively. Average age at first kidding ranged from 14.2 to 16.8 months, average kidding interval was about eight months and average litter size was 1.2. Weaning age averaged about five months and the number of kids per does life time was between 9 and 10. Diseases were ranked by most farmers as the most important problem affecting goat production. The diseases of importance were contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, pneumonia, helminthiasis, foot and mouth disease, foot rot and mange. Shortages of grazing land, feed and water during the dry season were the other limiting factors to goat production. If productivity of indigenous goats is to be improved these problems need to be addressed through participatory research and development efforts.	Body measurements; Indigenous goats; Preferred traits; Reproductive performance; Roles	Bos; Capra; Capra hircus; Equus asinus; Mycoplasma; Ovis aries; Suidae	None
None	None	Growth performance and carcass characteristics of Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu cattle finished on molasses or maize grain with rice or maize by-products	Asimwe L., Kimambo A.E., Laswai G.H., Mtenga L.A., Weisbjerg M.R., Madsen J., Mushi D.E.	2015	Livestock Science	182	None	10.1016/j.livsci.2015.11.001	Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Animal Science, Au Foulum, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, Tjele, Denmark; Department of Larger Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark	Asimwe, L., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Kimambo, A.E., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Laswai, G.H., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Mtenga, L.A., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Weisbjerg, M.R., Department of Animal Science, Au Foulum, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, Tjele, Denmark; Madsen, J., Department of Larger Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Mushi, D.E., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania	Forty five steers (2.5-3.0 years of age and 200±5 (SEM) kg body weight) were allotted randomly into five diets to assess the effects of finishing Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu (TSZ) cattle in feedlot using diets based on either molasses or maize grain combined with maize or rice by-products. The diets were hay and concentrate mixtures of hominy feed with molasses (HFMO), rice polishing with molasses (RPMO), hominy feed with maize meal (HFMM), rice polishing with maize meal (RPMM) and a control of maize meal with molasses (MMMO). All concentrate mixtures contained cotton seed cake, mineral mixture, salt and urea. Both hay and concentrate were fed ad libitum and with free access to drinking water for 90 days. Feed intake, body weights and carcass characteristics were recorded. The daily total dry matter intake (DMI, kg/day) was greater (P<0.05) in molasses based diets (7.64 for RPMO and 7.35 for HFMO) than in maize grain based diets (6.94, 6.73 and 6.19 for RPMM, MMMO and HFMM, respectively). Energy intake was highest (P<0.05) in HFMO (86 MJ/day) and lowest in RPMM (69 MJ/day). Crude protein intake was highest in HFMO (867 g/day) and lowest in RPMO (725 g/day). Feed conversion ratio (kg feed DMI/kg gain) was lower (P<0.05) for steers fed on HFMM (7.87) and HFMO (8.09) than those fed on MMMO (10.4), RPMM (11.0) and RPMO (11.5). Steers fed on HFMO had the highest (P<0.05) daily weight gain (919. g/day), total weight gain (83. kg), final live weight (283. kg), empty body weight (268. kg) and hot carcass weight (151. kg). The proportion of internal fat to empty body weight (2.7%) in steers fed on HFMO was higher (P<0.05) than those from other diets. Nevertheless, all carcasses showed relatively high fat cover (1.1-1.6. cm). It is concluded that agro-processing by products are good feed resources for finishing TSZ cattle in feedlots with formulations based on molasses being superior over those based on maize meal, and hominy feed being superior over rice polishing. A combination of molasses and hominy feed (HFMO) could be used successfully as an alternative to maize meal in finishing TSZ cattle in feedlot. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Agro-processing by-products; Carcass characteristics; Feedlot; Weight gain	None	None
None	None	Effect of days in feedlot on growth performance, carcass and meat quality attributes of Tanzania shorthorn zebu steers	Asimwe L., Kimambo A.E., Laswai G.H., Mtenga L.A., Weisbjerg M.R., Madsen J.	2015	Tropical Animal Health and Production	47	5	10.1007/s11250-015-0801-z	Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Animal Science, Au Foulum, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, Tjele, Denmark; Department of Larger Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark	Asimwe, L., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Kimambo, A.E., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Laswai, G.H., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Mtenga, L.A., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Weisbjerg, M.R., Department of Animal Science, Au Foulum, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, Tjele, Denmark; Madsen, J., Department of Larger Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark	A study was conducted on 50 steers (183 ± 4 kg initial body weight, 3 years of age) to assess effects of days in feedlot on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Tanzania shorthorn zebu (TSZ) cattle with the aim of determining appropriate finishing period. Periods were 0 day (P<inf>0</inf>), 25 days (P<inf>25</inf>), 50 days (P<inf>50</inf>), 75 days (P<inf>75</inf>) and 100 days (P<inf>100</inf>) with 10 animals per period. Steers were housed in individual pens, fed with a concentrate diet and hay on an ad libitum basis except the P<inf>0</inf> group which was slaughtered at the beginning of trial. Long stay in feedlot, P<inf>100</inf>, increased concentrate dry matter intake by 2 kg DM/day over short stay, P<inf>25</inf>. Final weight and total gain increased (P < 0.05) from P<inf>25</inf> (22.6 kg) to P<inf>100</inf> steers (95.4 kg). Periods had no influence (P > 0.05) on an average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) but affected carcass characteristics. Empty body weight (EBW) and hot carcass weight (HCW) increased by 61 and 65 %, respectively, from no feedlot, P<inf>0</inf> to P<inf>100</inf>. Dressing percentage was high (P < 0.05) for P<inf>100</inf> steers. Carcass measurements, internal fat, fat thickness and carcass total fat were the highest (P < 0.05) on P<inf>100</inf> steers and the lowest on P<inf>0</inf> steers. Rate of pH decline increased with days in feedlot, while cooking loss and shear force values decreased in advanced ageing time. Feedlot periods of 75 and 100 days resulted into high intake, carcass measurements and tenderness, but 100 days further increased carcass fatness and fat thickness levels, thus, with this particular feeding system and animal’s condition, 75 days is the recommended period to finish TSZ cattle in feedlots. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Beef; Carcass; Gain; Period of stay; Quality	Animalia; Bos; Bos indicus; analysis; animal; animal food; animal husbandry; body weight; bovine; controlled study; diet; growth, development and aging; male; meat; physiology; randomized controlled trial; Tanzania; veterinary; Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Body Weight; Cattle; Diet; Male; Meat; Tanzania	None
None	None	The effect of supplementation on the performance of free range local chickens in Tanzania	Mutayoba S.K., Katule A.K., Minga U., Mtambo M.M., Olsen J.E.	2012	Livestock Research for Rural Development	24	5	None	Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Open University of Tanzania, P.O.Box 2409, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania	Mutayoba, S.K., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Katule, A.K., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Minga, U., Open University of Tanzania, P.O.Box 2409, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; Mtambo, M.M., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Olsen, J.E.	A study to evaluate the effect supplementation on growth and egg production in free range chickens was carried out in Morogoro, Tanzania. The effect of location and household surroundings on performance of free range local chickens was also assessed. A total of 144 chickens were used. Birds were selected and sorted based on their body weight and age and then randomly allocated to three feeding regimes. The three feed types were; homemade and commercial supplement and the un-supplemented (those which were left to scavenge only). During the growing period, performance was measured in terms of body weight, shank length and growth rate. Total number of eggs laid, egg weight and shell thickness were recorded during the laying period. Gross margin analysis was done for the laying period. A digestibility trial was carried out to assess the nutritive value of feeds and their utilization by the birds.Total dry matter digestibility differed significantly (P<0.05) between seasons and was 79 and 67% for the dry and wet season feed, respectively. Feed supplementation to free range local chickens led to improved performance in terms of growth rate and body weight. The mean mature body weight for the supplemented and un-supplemented chickens was 1484 g and 1282g, respectively. However no difference was observed between treatments on shank length. Significant (P< 0.05) differences for growth rate were observed between treatments during periods 1-3 and between locations. Performance for birds at the experimental station was lower for most parameters. An increase in egg number and shell thickness with supplementation was noted. The mean egg number for free range local chickens supplemented with homemade feed and commercial was 31.9 and 31.8, respectively whereas it was 20.4 for the un-supplemented free range chickens. The profit margin from eggs was increased by 11.2% and declined by 3.4% in birds under homemade and commercial supplementation, respectively. From these results it was therefore concluded that supplementation led to improved performance in terms of growth, egg production and quality but the profit margin was substantially reduced by feed cost. This means that cheap locally available feed ingredients should be used when supplementing rural chickens.	Dry and wet season scavenged feed; Feed supplementation; Shank length	Aves; Gallus gallus	None
None	None	Production performance of Toggenburg dairy goats in semi-arid and sub-humid areas of Tanzania	Jackson M., Chenyambuga S.W., Ndemanisho E.E., Komwihangilo D.M.	2014	Livestock Research for Rural Development	26	2	None	Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Tanzania Livestock Research Institute, P.O Box 202, Mpwapwa, Tanzania	Jackson, M., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Chenyambuga, S.W., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Ndemanisho, E.E., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Komwihangilo, D.M., Tanzania Livestock Research Institute, P.O Box 202, Mpwapwa, Tanzania	A study was carried out in Babati and Kongwa districts which have sub-humid and semi-arid climatic conditions, respectively, to compare reproduction and lactation performances of Toggenburg dairy goats kept by small-scale farmers in the two agro-ecological zones. In each district four villages were purposely selected based on the presence of Toggenburg goats and 10 dairy goat farmers per village who have been keeping Toggenburg breed for at least five years were randomly selected. Age at first kidding of Toggenburg goats was higher in sub-humid areas than in semi-arid areas while kidding interval, litter size and kid mortality rate did not differ between the two locations. The goats kept in sub-humid areas had higher mean daily milk yield and lactation yield than those in semi-arid areas. Lactation length and dry period of does in sub-humid areas were not different from those of the does found in semi-arid areas. It is concluded that Toggernburg goats produced relatively more milk in sub-humid areas than in semi-arid areas while those in semi-arid environment had lower kid mortality compared to those in sub-humid environment.	Lactation; Mortality; Reproduction	None	None
None	None	Reproductive and lactation performances of Ayrshire and Boran crossbred cattle kept in smallholder farms in Mufindi district, Tanzania	Chenyambuga S.W., Mseleko K.F.	2009	Livestock Research for Rural Development	21	7	None	Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O.Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania	Chenyambuga, S.W., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O.Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Mseleko, K.F., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O.Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania	This study was carried out to determine the reproduction and lactation parameters of Ayrshire x Boran F1 crosses kept by small-scale farmers in Mufindi district, Tanzania. The study involved 48 small-scale dairy farmers located in six villages. The mean (± s.e.) herd size of the selected farmers was 3.7 ± 0.3. Data on breeding dates, calving dates, drying off dates, daily milk yield and deaths of calves were obtained from records kept by the selected farmers from 1997 to 2007. The data were used to compute age at first calving, calving interval, days open, number of services per conception, calf mortality, lactation milk yield, lactation length and dry period. The overall mean for age at first calving (AFC) was 38.4 ± 0.5 months and for calving interval was 402.6 ± 3.0 days. The AFC was significantly (P ≤ 0.001) influenced by the season of birth while calving interval was significantly (P ≤ 0.001) affected by the year of calving and parity. The overall mean length of the days open period was 100.7 ± 3.6 days. Year of calving, season of calving and parity significantly (P≤ 0.05) affected the length of the days-open period. The number of services per conception was between 2 and 3. The overall calf mortality rate was 18.2% and was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) influenced by year of birth and sex of the animal. The overall mean lactation length was 287.7 ± 2.5 days. Lactation milk yield increased with parity from 1260.6 to 1760.5 litres in the first and fourth parity, respectively. Lactation length and lactation milk yield were significantly (P≤ 0.05) affected by year of calving and parity. The overall mean dry period was 107.5 ± 4.5 days. The dry period was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by year of calving, season of calving and parity. It is concluded that the performance of the Boran x Ayrshire crossbred cows in the study area is unsatisfactory due to advanced age at first calving, prolonged calving intervals, shorter lactation length, lower lactation milk yield and high calf mortality rate.	Age at first calving; Calf mortality; Calving interval; Lactation length; Milk yield	Animalia; Bos	None
None	None	Effect of breed, season, year and parity on reproductive performance of dairy cattle under smallholder production system in Bukoba district, Tanzania	Asimwe L., Kifaro G.C.	2007	Livestock Research for Rural Development	19	10	None	Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O.Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania	Asimwe, L., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O.Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Kifaro, G.C., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O.Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania	A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of breed level and non-genetic factors on reproductive performance of dairy cattle under smallholder production system. The study focused on assessing the reproductive efficiency of dairy cattle under smallholder farms in Bukoba district, Tanzania. Data on age at first calving (AFC), calving to first service interval (CFSI), number of services per conception (NSC), days open (DO) and calving interval (CI) were collected from Kagera Dairy Development Trust (KADADET) in Bukoba district. General Linear models procedure of Statistical Analysis System (SAS) computer software was used to analyse the data. The fixed effects considered in the analyses were genetic group, parity, season and period of birth or of calving. The overall mean for AFC was 35.1±9.7 months with a coefficient of variation of 18.6%, for CFSI it was 196.95±1.8 days with a coefficient of variation of 20% while the mean for NSC was 1.66±0.0 with a coefficient of variation of 21%. Further, the mean DO was 205.2±2.6 days with coefficient of variation of 19%, and CI averaged 480.4±2.4 days with a coefficient of variation of 22%. AFC was significantly affected by period of birth (P&lt;0.001), level of exotic blood (P&lt;0.05) and season of birth (P&lt;0.05). Genetic group significantly influenced CFSI, NSC, CI (P&lt;0.05) and DO (P&lt;0.001). F1 crosses performed better than high-grades in all the traits with 34.6 months of AFC, 171 days of CFSI, 182 days of DO, and 455 days of CI. Season of calving significantly influenced CFSI (P&lt;0.01), CI (P&lt;0.001), NSC and DO (P&lt;0.05). Cows calving in the long rain season were superior with 17 days of CFSI, 21 days open and had shorter (by 27 days) CI than those calving in the long dry season. Parity and period of calving significantly affected CFSI (P&lt;0.05 and P&lt;0.001), NSC (P&lt;0.05), DO (P&lt;0.01 and P&lt;0.001), CI (P&lt;0.05 and P&lt;0.001) respectively. For these traits, performance was improving by advancement in age of cows. Milk yield in the first 100 days of lactation had no significant influence on post-calving reproductive traits. It was concluded that reproductive performance was best in the long rain season and that with respect to reproductive traits F1 crosses were better than high grades in Bukoba district.	Age at first calving; Calving interval; Calving to first service interval; Days open; Genetic and non-genetic factors; Number of services per conception	Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76749167204	Evaluation of different heat processing methods on the nutritive value of Mucuna pruriens (velvet bean) seed meals for broilers	Emenalom O.O., Udedibie A.B.I.	2005	International Journal of Poultry Science	4	8	10.3923/ijps.2005.543.548	Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	Emenalom, O.O., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Udedibie, A.B.I., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	Mucuna pruriens like most tropical legumes contain anti-nutritional factors, which limit its use as livestock feed ingredient. Proximate analysis and two performance studies using finisher broilers were carried out to determine the nutritive value of raw, toasted, cooked and, soak and cooked Mucuna (SACM). M pruriensseeds were ground raw, ground and toasted, and cooked prior to drying and midling in Experiment 1 and soaked in water for 48 hours prior to cooking for one hour before drying and milling in Experiment 2. Toasting increased the crude protein of the raw seed by 6.5% but decreased the ether extract by 22.9%. Cooking and soaking prior to cooking decreased the values for crude protein and ether extract by 5.3 and 6.5%, and 13.7 and 20.6%, respectively. In Experiment 1, 100gkg-1 raw, toasted, cooked and 200gkg-1SACM were substituted into nutritionally balanced rations fed 28 to 56d of age. Mucuna seed meals caused progressive reductions in growth; at 56d of age broilers fed 100gkg-1 raw, toasted, cooked and 200gkg-1cooked Mucuna grew 61.8, 67.2, 80.4 and 63.7% of control, respectively. Feed intake declined significantly with 100gkg-1 toasted and 200gkg-1 cooked MSM respectively. Feed to gain ratio decreased significantly (P&lt;0.05) with 100gkg-1 raw, toasted and 200gkg-1 cooked Mucuna, respectively. The heart, liver, kidney and gizzard weights relative to body weights were significantly (P&lt;0.05) affected by the diets. In Experiment 2, 200gkg-1 and 300gkg-1 dietary levels of Nigerian and Brazilian SACM were fed 28 to 56d respectively. With 300gkg-1 broilers grew significantly (P&lt;0.05) slower than the control and 200gkg-1 diet groups but feed intakes were unchanged. Inclusion of 200gkg-1 of the meals, allowed better growth than 300gkg-1 and by 56d of age growth were significantly (P&lt;0.05) depressed relative to control. At 200 and 300gkg-1 both Nigerian and Brazilian SACM promoted much better growth and efficiency than the raw Mucuna in Experiment 1 but values were significantly lower than those of controls. With 200gkg-1 broilers grew to 87.2 and 89.2% of controls respectively, a marked improvement over cooked Mucuna in Experiment 1. However, cooking, and soak and cook methods of detoxification slightly improved the nutritive value of Mucuna at 100 and 200gkg-1, respectively. Thus indicating partial or incomplete detoxification of the seeds. Further detoxification studies to ascertain the best processing method for improved feeding value of the seed is therefore needed. Increasing the cooking time and cooking in alkaline or acid solution may be helpful in the regard. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2005.	Broilers; Cooked; Mucuna seed; Soak and cook; Toasted	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70049087558	Preliminary evaluation of raw Alchornea cordifolia seeds as feed ingredients for broilers	Emenalom O.O., Udedibie A.B.I., Okehie N.U., Onwuka B.I.	2009	Livestock Research for Rural Development	21	8	None	Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria	Emenalom, O.O., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria; Udedibie, A.B.I., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria; Okehie, N.U., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria; Onwuka, B.I., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria	Some chemical and anti-nutritional characteristics as well as the feeding value of the seeds of Alchornea cordifolia plant on broilers were investigated. The mature dried seed contains 13.7% crude protein, 5.10% crude fibre, 4.90% crude fat, 4.90% ash and 60.7% carbohydrates. It also contains phytic acids, saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and anthraquinone but not cyanides. Inclusion of raw Alchornea seed meal at 5, 10 and 15% in starter broiler diets, fed 0 - 28 days of age caused progressive reductions in growth and by 28 day, broilers fed 15% Alchornea diet weighed 32.8% of control. Feed intakes and feed conversion ratios declined significantly (P<0.05) among the Alchornea seed diet groups relative to control. At 5% level, Alchornea seed promoted much better growth, feed intake and feed conversion ratio than 15% but the values were significantly (P<0.05) less than control. The enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were higher, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) tended to be lower, for Alchornea seeds compared with control. It is concluded that raw Alchornea cordifolia seed is toxic to broiler chicks and depressed their performance at 5 - 10% dietary levels. Further studies on processed Alchornea seeds are worthwhile considering its high seed yield in most tropical countries.	Performance; Proximate composition; Serum chemistry; Toxic factors	Alchornea; Alchornea cordifolia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33947287211	Evaluation of performance, organ characteristics and economic analysis of broiler finisher fed dried rumen digesta	Esonu B.O., Ogbonna U.D., Anyanwu G.A., Emenalom O.O., Uchegbu M.C., Etuk E.B., Udedibie A.B.I.	2006	International Journal of Poultry Science	5	12	None	Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria	Esonu, B.O., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Ogbonna, U.D., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Anyanwu, G.A., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Emenalom, O.O., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Uchegbu, M.C., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Etuk, E.B., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Udedibie, A.B.I., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria	A 28-day feeding trial involving 264, 5-week old Hubbard broilers was carried out in a completely randomized design to evaluate the performance, organ characteristics and economic analysis of broilers fed dried rumen digesta (DRD) at dietary levels of 0, 5, 10 and 15% respectively. Feed intake of the groups on varying dietary levels of dried rumen digesta were significantly (P<0.05) higher than the control (0%) group. Birds on diets containing dried rumen digesta recorded higher body weight gain than the control (0%) group. However, this increase in body weight, feed conversion ratio and relative organ weights were not significant (P>0.05). The lower feed cost per kilogramme meat produced on dried rumen digesta diet suggest that the material is economically viable alternative. Furhter research is necessary to investigate the biosafety of dried rumen digesta. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.	Dried rumen digesta; Economic analysis; Feed ingredient	Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84914151604	Performance of broiler starter chicks fed graded levels of enzyme supplemented dried rumen digesta	Esonu B.O., Agbabiaka L.A., Osegbue A.I.	2014	Tropical Agriculture	91	4	None	Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; School of Industrial and Applied Sciences, Federal Polytechnic, Nekede, Owerri, Nigeria	Esonu, B.O., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Agbabiaka, L.A., School of Industrial and Applied Sciences, Federal Polytechnic, Nekede, Owerri, Nigeria; Osegbue, A.I., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria	An investigation was conducted on the growth response of broiler starter chicks fed diets of varying concentration of enzyme supplemented dried rumen digesta for 21 days. One hundred and fifty, 2-week old chicks were randomly allotted to 5 diets (CP=22%) containing enzyme fortified dried rumen digesta (EDRD) at 0,2.5,5.0,7.5,10.0% respectively. The reference (control=0%EDRD) diet contained no EDRD. Results revealed that feed intake of the chicks increased linearly with the' concentration of EDRD in diets (p<0.05). The body weight gain of chicks fed EDRD diets were superior to the control group (p>0.05). There was no significant difference in feed conversion ratio among the treatment groups (p>0.05) though control diet gave the best value of 2.32 while the least (2.46) was obtained from treatment group fed 10% EDRD. Cost benefit analysis showed that 10% EDRD diet gave the least cost per kilogram weight gain of the experimental chicks. This study suggests that dried rumen digesta when fortified with 0.2% cellulolytic enzyme "Hamacozyme®" could be tolerated up to 10% dietary level without compromising growth and will reduce cost per kilogram weight gain in broiler starter production. © 2014 Trop. Agric. (Trinidad).	Broiler starter; Diets; Dried rumen digesta; Enzyme; Performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-28944454660	Effect of velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) seeds cooked in maize-cob ash solution on the performance of broiler starter chickens	Emenalom O.O., Orji V.C., Ogbonna N.C.	2005	Livestock Research for Rural Development	17	12	None	Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	Emenalom, O.O., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Orji, V.C., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Ogbonna, N.C., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	A 28-day feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of whole and cracked velvet bean seeds cooked in maize-cob ash solution on the performance of broiler chicks. Whole and cracked velvet bean seeds were separately soaked in water for 48 hours, cooked for one hour in maize-cob ash solution, sun-dried and then ground into meals. The meals were then incorporated into broiler starter diets at 25 and 30% dietary levels respectively and fed from 0 to 28 days of age. The control diet contained no velvet bean meal. At 25 and 30% dietary levels, cracked velvet bean meal supported broiler performance comparable to the control. Birds fed 30% whole velvet bean (WVB) meal had a significantly depressed growth; grew 84.22% of control but feed intake and feed to gain ratio were unaffected. Cooking in maize-cob ash solution improved the nutritive value of velvet bean seeds, allowing for 25 and 30% dietary inclusion levels for whole and cracked seeds respectively.	Broilers; Maize-cob-ash; Performance; Velvet bean	Aves; Gallus gallus; Mucuna deeringiana; Mucuna pruriens; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880077528	Evaluation of the efficiency of disinfectants used against bacterial isolates from intensive poultry fanning environments in Imo state, Nigeria	Chima I.U., Uchegbu M.C., Okoli I.C., Ezema C., Wehke S.N.	2013	Journal of Biological Sciences	13	5	10.3923/jbs.2013.349.356	Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, PMB 1526, Imo State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, Rivers State University	Chima, I.U., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, PMB 1526, Imo State, Nigeria; Uchegbu, M.C., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, PMB 1526, Imo State, Nigeria; Okoli, I.C., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, PMB 1526, Imo State, Nigeria; Ezema, C., Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Wehke, S.N., Department of Animal Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Diseases and infections have always been a major concern to intensive poultry production industry. Pathogen contamination of farming environments can be prevented using proper health care products such as disinfectants. This study evaluated the efficiency of commonly used disinfectants against bacteria occurring in intensive poultry farming environments in Imo State, Nigeria. The efficacy of six commercial disinfectants namely; Izal®, Z-germicide®, Diskol®, Virkon®, Vox® and CID 20® in reducing the number of micro-organisms was assessed. Among the tested disinfectants, Virkon® (oxidizing agents) was the most efficient, reducing the micro-organisms by 95%. The in vitro test carried out to verify the effectiveness of disinfectants did not consider the adverse conditions found in the poultry farms. Therefore, the evaluation of the efficacy of on-farm reconstituted disinfectants over time was also carried out. The results indicated that efficacy of all the disinfectants was reduced during the afternoon. However, efficacy gradually increased during the evening for all the disinfectants but not as much as was observed in the morning. Temperature, it seems affects the activity of the disinfectants against the bacterial organisms. © 2013 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Bacterial isolates; Disinfectants; Poultry farms; Susceptibility tests	cid 20; disinfectant agent; diskol; izal; unclassified drug; virkon; vox (drug); Aeromonas; article; bacterial growth; bacterium identification; controlled study; disk diffusion; drug sensitivity; Escherichia coli; growth inhibition; Klebsiella; Nigeria; nonhuman; poultry farming; Pseudomonas; Salmonella	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859496899	Effect of replacing maize with cassava root meal and maize/sorghum brewers' dried grains on the performance of starter broilers	Uchegbu M.C., Etuk E.B., Omede A.A., Okpala C.P., Okoli I.C., Opara M.N.	2011	Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems	14	1	None	Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria	Uchegbu, M.C., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria; Etuk, E.B., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria; Omede, A.A., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria; Okpala, C.P., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria; Okoli, I.C., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria; Opara, M.N., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria	A study was carried out with one hundred and twenty one-week-old Hubbard broilers to determine the effect of replacing maize with cassava root meal (CRM) and maize/sorghum brewers' dried grains (MSBDG) on performance of starter broilers. Four experimental diets were formulated to contain 0, 15, 30 and 45% CRM and MSBDG combined in the ratio of 1:1 in the broiler starter rations. There was no difference (P>0.05) in feed intake among the birds on 0, 15 and 45% CRM/MSBDG, but these were lower (P<0.05) than the feed intake of birds on 30% CRM/MSBDG. There was no difference (P>0.05) in daily weight gain among the birds on 0, 15 and 30 CRM/MSBDG diets, and each of these was higher than that of the birds on 45% CRM/MSBDG diet. The feed convertion ratio of 0% compared favourably with that of the birds on 15% diets, and these two diets were better (P<0.05) utilized than 30% and 45% CRM/MSBDG diets. The result showed that CRM/MSBDG can be successfully incorporated in broiler starter diets up to 30% dietary level.	Broilers; Cassava root meal; Poultry performance	Aves; Manihot esculenta; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33746394295	Evaluation of the integrated application of two types of modified atmosphere packaging and hot water treatments on quality retention in the litchi cultivar 'McLean's Red'	Sivakumar D., Korsten L.	2006	Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology	81	4	None	Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	Sivakumar, D., Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Korsten, L., Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	The efficacy of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), Xtend® (XF) or biorientated polypropylene (BOPP), and hot water dip treatments on quality retention in the litchi cultivar 'McLean's Red' was evaluated as an alternative to SO2-fumigation. Fruits were dipped in hot water at different temperatures and time regimes [50°C x 2 min; 55°C x 1 min; or 60°C x 1 s] and packed in XF or in BOPP. The XF bags were closed with rubber bands, while the BOPP bags were heat-sealed to modify the atmosphere around the fruit. Packed fruits were placed in commercial cardboard cartons and stored at 2°C and 95% RH for 34 d to simulate commercial export conditions. Commercial SO 2-fumigation, and fruit without any hot water dip treatment packed in XF or BOPP were included as controls. Weight loss, firmness, pericarp browning, severity of decay, Hunter colour values, titratable acidity, fruit pH and soluble solids concentrations were determined after storage. Sensory analysis was carried out to determine colour retention of the pericarp and aril, flavour qualities, taste, odour, juiciness and overall consumer acceptability. Fruit packed in BOPP showed reduced weight loss, colour deterioration and decay, and retained excellent eating quality during long-term storage due to the high RH and higher O2 concentrations (17%) around the fruit. Hot water dip treatments at 50°C for 2 min, or at 55°C for 1 min, caused deleterious effects on pericarp colour, surface structure and quality parameters.	None	Litchi chinensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875984502	Performance and egg quality characteristics of layers fed diets containing combinations of brewers dried grains, jack bean and cassava root meal [Rendimiento y características de la calidad del huevo de gallinas ponedoras alimentadas con dietas que contie	Uchegbu M.C., Herbert U., Ogbuewu I.P., Nwaodu C.H., Esonu B.O., Udedibie A.B.I.	2011	Revista Cientifica UDO Agricola	11	1	None	Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	Uchegbu, M.C., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Herbert, U., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Ogbuewu, I.P., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Nwaodu, C.H., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Esonu, B.O., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Udedibie, A.B.I., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	The performance, egg quality characteristics and feed cost of layers fed combinations of maize/sorghum-based brewers dried grains (MSBDG), jack bean (JB) and cassava root meal (CRM) in replacement of maize. Four treatment diets: LD1, LD2, LD3 and LD4 were formulated such that they contained maize, MSBDG, JB and CRM in the following proportions: 50, 0, 0, 0%; 0, 10, 15, 25%; 0, 10, 20, 20% and 0, 10, 25, 15% respectively. Ninety six Shika Brown layers were divided into 4 treatment groups of 24 birds each and each group subdivided into 3 replicates of 8 birds. The birds were randomly assigned to the diets in a completely randomized design experiment. Nine eggs were selected from each treatment group on the last day of the 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th week for egg quality analysis. The egg weight of LD2 birds was significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher than that of LD3 birds. The birds on LD1 had superior feed conversion ratio value which was significantly (p&lt;0.05) lower than those of LD2 and LD3 birds. The Haugh unit for LD1 and LD2 birds were significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher than that of LD3. The shell thickness value for LD1 birds differed significantly (p&lt;0.05) with that of LD4 birds. All the other parameters measured were similar among the groups. In terms of feed cost required to produce 1kg egg, MSBDG/JB/CRM diets were cheaper, being 6.27%, 5.59% and 14.42% lower than the cost of feed required to produce 1kg egg for LD1 diet.	Egg; Feedstuffs; Laying birds; Performance	Aves; Canavalia ensiformis; Manihot esculenta; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79251549775	Evaluation of the proximate and phytochemical compositions of fermented raw and fermented napoleona imperialis seed and their feeding values on finisher broilers	Uchegbu M.C., Okere C.C., Ogbuewu I.P., Okoli I.C., Nwaodu C.H., Ezeokeke C.T., Anyanwu G.A.	2010	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	9	10	None	Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	Uchegbu, M.C., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Okere, C.C., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Ogbuewu, I.P., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Okoli, I.C., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Nwaodu, C.H., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Ezeokeke, C.T., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Anyanwu, G.A., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	The high cost of commercial poultry feeds in Nigeria has necessitated the search for alternative protein sources. Ripe N. imperialis seeds (NISs) were harvested with the pods opened, the seeds extracted, and sun dried for 7 days. A portion of the sundried NIS was milled to produce the raw N. imperialis seed meal (NISM) while, the remaining portion was soaked in water for 4 days, sundried and milled to produce soaked NISM. Samples of raw and soaked NISMs were taken to the laboratory to determine its proximate and phytochemical compositions. Phytate, tannins, HCN, alkaloids, saponins and metabolisable energy value of the raw NISs were significantly (p<0.05) affected by the processing methods used. Birds on control diet performed significantly (p<0.05) better than those on 10% soaked NISM diet in terms of average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio but similar (p>0.05) to those on 5% raw and 5% soaked NISMs. The average daily weight gain of birds on 5% raw and 10% soaked NISMs was significantly (p<0.05) lower than the control group. It is concluded that soaking for 4 days in water do not reduce the anti-nutritional content of N. imperialis seeds to a tolerable level for broilers.	Broilers; Novel seeds; Performance; Phytochemistry; Proximate composition	Aves; Napoleona imperialis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957565234	Evaluation of dried leaf meal of an ethnomedicinal plant-neem-on linear growths and reproductive tract morphometry of rabbit does	Ogbuewu I.P., Okoro V.M., Okoli I.C., Iloeje M.U.	2011	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	10	4	None	Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	Ogbuewu, I.P., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Okoro, V.M., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Okoli, I.C., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Iloeje, M.U., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	Linear body changes and reproductive tract morphometric characteristics of rabbit does fed graded levels of neem leaf meal (NLM) based diets for 16 weeks were investigated. Thirty-six does were divided into 4 treatment groups of 9 rabbits each and the groups were randomly assigned to the 4 treatment diets with diet 1(control) containing no NLM while diet 2, 3 and 4 contained 5%, 10% and 15% NLM respectively, in a completely randomized design experiment. The ovarian weights of does on the control group was significantly (p<0.05) lower than the other three groups. Paired oviductal weights of the group fed control diet (standard diet) were significantly (p<0.05) heavier than the groups fed 5% and 10% NLM diets, but similar (p>0.05) to the group fed 15% NLM diet. The length of uterine horn and weight of cervix of the control rabbits were significantly (p<0.05) affected by the treatment diets. The weight of whole reproductive tract of the rabbits on 0% NLM were significantly (p<0.05) lower than the groups fed 5% and 10% NLM diets, but similar (p>0.05) to the group on 15% NLM diet. All the other parameters were similar (p>0.05) among the various treatment groups. The results suggest that rabbit does could tolerate up to 15% NLM without deleterious effects on body linear parameters and reproductive tract morphometry.	Growth; Neem; Rabbit; Reproductive tract	Azadirachta indica; Oryctolagus cuniculus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41449088732	Performance, carcass characteristics and economy of production of broilers fed maize-grit and brewers dried grain replacing maize	Anyanwu G.A., Iheukwumere F.C., Emerole C.O.	2008	International Journal of Poultry Science	7	2	None	Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, PMB 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Abia State University, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Economics and	Anyanwu, G.A., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, PMB 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Iheukwumere, F.C., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Abia State University, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Emerole, C.O., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Abia State University, PMB 7010, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	A 28-day feeding trial involving ninety-six (96) four weeks old broiler chicks was conducted to investigate the effect of total replacement of maize with different combination ratios of maize grit and Brewers Dried Grain (BDG) on the performance, carcass characteristics and economy of finisher broilers. Four experimental diets were formulated by substituting maize with maize grit and BDG in the ratio of T1 (0%); T2 (3:1-45 + 15); T 3 (1:1-30 + 30) and T4 (1:3-15 + 45) respectively. The birds were randomly assigned to four treatment diets. Each experimental unit of 24 birds was replicated twice giving 12 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). Feed and water were provided ad-libitum. Body weight and weight gain per feed intake through higher at high cost with the control diet improved in cheaper diets formulated with maize grit and BDG. There was no consistency in the carcass characteristics of the groups particularly among the internal organs showing that dietary maize grit ad BDG could not pose any discernible nutritional problems that might manifest in the carcass of the broilers. Cheaper feed formulated with maize grit and BDG gave the higher gross margins especially diet 4. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008.	Broilers; Carcass; Economy of production; Maize; Maize grit-brewers dried grain; Performance	Aves; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857867903	Physiological response of broiler chickens to neem (Azadirachta indica) and akakapenpen (Rauvolfia vomitoria) decoctions: Performance and carcass characteristics	Zanu H.K., Kagya-Agyemang J.K., Kwenin W.K.J., Bonsu F.R.K., Antwi E., Ateni S.	2011	International Journal of Poultry Science	10	9	10.3923/ijps.2011.730.733	Department of Animal Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, P.O. Box 40, Mampong-Ashanti, Ghana	Zanu, H.K., Department of Animal Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, P.O. Box 40, Mampong-Ashanti, Ghana; Kagya-Agyemang, J.K., Department of Animal Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, P.O. Box 40, Mampong-Ashanti, Ghana; Kwenin, W.K.J., Department of Animal Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, P.O. Box 40, Mampong-Ashanti, Ghana; Bonsu, F.R.K., Department of Animal Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, P.O. Box 40, Mampong-Ashanti, Ghana; Antwi, E., Department of Animal Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, P.O. Box 40, Mampong-Ashanti, Ghana; Ateni, S., Department of Animal Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, P.O. Box 40, Mampong-Ashanti, Ghana	A 6-week feeding trial was conducted on One hundred and eighty (180) Cobb broilers to evaluate the effects of Neem (Azadirachta indica) decoction (AID) and Akakapenpen (Rauvolfia vomitoria) decoction (RVD) on body weight gain, carcass and organ characteristics and haematological values of broiler chickens. The leaves of Azadirachta indica and Rauvolfia vomitoria were harvested and dried in the sun until they became crispy but still greenish in coloration. They were washed and then boiled (40 g of chopped leaves in 9L of water). The decoctions were placed in separate sterilized bottles ready for use and were offered ad libitum. The birds were randomly distributed to the treatments with twenty (20) birds per replicate, with each treatment replicated three times in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The total replacement of antibiotics and coccidiostat resulted in non-significant depression (p<0.05) in final body weight and weight gain in experimental birds. However, feed intake was slightly affected (p<0.05) by administration of RVD to broilers. There was no significant effect of decoctions on water intake, feed conversion efficiency and mortality. Decoction had no significant influence on the dressing percentage, weights of crop (full), heart, proventriculus (full), intestines (full), feet and head. Decoction however, significantly affected gizzard (both full and empty), crop (empty), liver, kidney and proventriculus (empty). Liver and gizzard weights significantly increased with the inclusion of AID and RVD in water. Apart from WBC and Lymphocytes which were significantly influenced by decoction, the other blood parameters did not show any significant difference. This study suggests that AID and RVD replacement to antibiotics and coccidiostat may have beneficial effects on body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency. Total comparative profit derived from replacing antibiotics + coccidiostat with AID and RVD resulted in economic gains. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2011.	Azadirachta indica; Broiler chickens; Decoctions; Rauvolfia vomitoria	Aves; Azadirachta indica; Gallus gallus; Rauvolfia; Rauvolfia vomitoria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34250001438	The effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) waste meal on growth performance, carcass characteristics, serum lipid and serum cholesterol profiles of rabbit	Omage J.J., Onimisi P.A., Adegbite E.K., Agunbiade M.O.	2007	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	6	4	None	Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Omage, J.J., Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Onimisi, P.A., Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Adegbite, E.K., Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Agunbiade, M.O., Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Six weeks old twenty five growing rabbits of mixed sexes and breeds were used to evaluate the utilization of ginger waste meal (GWM) as energy substitute for maize in the diet of growing rabbits and the effects on growth performance, carcass characteristics, serum lipids and serum cholesterol profiles. Fives diets containing GWM at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% levels with the 40% level replacing maize completely were formulated. Five rabbits each were randomly assigned to each of the five diets. Rabbits were housed individually in cages in complete randomization and fed the respective diets and water ad libitum for the 8 weeks of the experiment. Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed among the five dietary treatments with respect to daily feed intake, water consumption, water/feed ratio, total serum lipids and cholesterol levels. The results showed that the inclusion of ginger waste meal in the diet will stimulate increased water consumption and also induce hypocholesterolemic and hypolipidemic effects on the rabbit without negative effects on growth performance. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007.	Carcass characteristics; Cholesterol; Ginger waste meal; Growing rabbits; Growth performance; Lipids; Serum	cholesterol; lipid; animal food; article; caloric intake; carcass; cholesterol blood level; controlled study; dietary intake; female; fluid intake; food composition; ginger; growth rate; lipid blood level; maize; male; meal; nonhuman; rabbit; randomization; waste; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Zea mays; Zingiber officinale	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-49249094503	Growth performance of grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus) eating leaf and stem fractions of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum)	Annor S.Y., Kagya-Agyemang J.K., Abbam J.E.Y., Oppong S.K., Agoe I.M.	2008	Livestock Research for Rural Development	20	8	None	Department of Animal Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, P.O. Box 40, Mampong-Ashanti, Ghana	Annor, S.Y., Department of Animal Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, P.O. Box 40, Mampong-Ashanti, Ghana; Kagya-Agyemang, J.K., Department of Animal Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, P.O. Box 40, Mampong-Ashanti, Ghana; Abbam, J.E.Y., Department of Animal Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, P.O. Box 40, Mampong-Ashanti, Ghana; Oppong, S.K., Department of Animal Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, P.O. Box 40, Mampong-Ashanti, Ghana; Agoe, I.M., Department of Animal Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, P.O. Box 40, Mampong-Ashanti, Ghana	This study was carried out to determine the growth performance of grasscutters (Thryonomys swinderianus) when fed on leaf and stem fractions of guinea grass. Eighteen (18) three month old male grasscutters were randomly assigned in equal numbers to three treatment diets consisting of Guinea Grass Leave fraction (GGL), Guinea Grass Stem fraction (GGS) and Whole Plant of Guinea Grass (GGW). The results of the chemical analysis of the treatment diets indicated that the nutritive value of the GGL was better than that of GGS and GGW. There were no significant differences between treatments for mean daily feed intake (P>0.05). However, animals fed GGL performed better than those fed GGS and GGW in terms of total weight gain, mean daily weight gain and feed efficiency (P<0.05). Animals fed GGS produced better lean meat compared to those on GGL and GGW (P<0.05). The mean dressing percentage of animals fed GGL was significantly higher than those on GGW and GGS (P<0.05). The results of this work suggest that the leaf portion of elephant grass is more nutritious than the stem portion. This implies that the current practice in Ghana whereby farmers cut off the leaves of the grass and feed only the stem fraction to the animals is a waste of feed resources, and should be discouraged.	Carcass characteristics; Feed efficiency; Feed intake; Nutritive value; Weight gain	Animalia; Panicum maximum; Pennisetum purpureum; Thryonomys swinderianus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958810353	Characterisation of local Ghanaian chickens: Growth performance evaluation based on Richards growth model and genetic size scaling	Osei-Amponsah R., Kayang B.B., Naazie A., Arthur P.F., Barchia I.M.	2011	Tropical Animal Health and Production	43	6	10.1007/s11250-011-9825-1	Department of Animal Science University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Agricultural Research Centre (ARC) University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Camden, Australia	Osei-Amponsah, R., Department of Animal Science University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Kayang, B.B., Department of Animal Science University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Naazie, A., Agricultural Research Centre (ARC) University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Arthur, P.F., NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Camden, Australia; Barchia, I.M., NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Camden, Australia	The Richards growth model was fitted to body weight-age data of local and SASSO T44 chickens to describe their growth performance. Males had higher (P < 0.05) asymptotic mature weights than females. Within the local chicken population, birds from the savannah zone had higher (P < 0.05) asymptotic mature weights compared to forest chicken which ironically had higher body weights at hatch. Male local chicken had lower maturing rates compared to the females. Female local chicken were superior to SASSO T44 females in terms of maturing rate. On the average, local chickens took relatively longer time (78.4-83.3 days) to reach the point of inflection than the SASSO T44 population (74.2-79.8 days). However, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the age at inflection among local chicken populations. The shape parameter for SASSO T44 chicken (0.053-0.370) and maturation rate for local chicken (0.177-0.198) were the most critical parameters. Scaling the body weights into degree of maturity highlighted the degree to which genotypes matured over time. Female chickens had the highest (P < 0.05) degree of maturity at all ages. The local chicken populations were also metabolically older than SASSO T44 chickens. Results of this study provide an opportunity to develop breeding strategies for local chicken by modifying either management practices or their genetic makeup to positively affect their growth and productivity. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Degree of maturity; Local chicken; Metabolic age; Richards growth model	animal; article; biological model; body weight; chicken; environment; female; genetics; genotype; Ghana; growth, development and aging; male; sex ratio; sexual maturation; statistical model; Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Environment; Female; Genotype; Ghana; Linear Models; Male; Models, Biological; Sex Distribution; Sexual Maturation; Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44449103249	Evaluation of enzyme (Maxigrain®) treatment of graded levels of palm kernel meal (PKM) on nutrient retention	Sekoni A.A., Omage J.J., Bawa G.S., Esuga P.M.	2008	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	7	4	10.3923/pjn.2008.614.619	Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Sekoni, A.A., Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Omage, J.J., Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Bawa, G.S., Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Esuga, P.M., Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	A nutrient retention trial was conducted over a twenty four day period. Eighty one day old chicks of Arbor acres strain were randomly allotted to nine isonitrogeneous dietary treatments where PKM was included in the diet at 0,10,20,30 and 40% levels and PKM treated with Maxigrain® at 10, 20, 30, and 40% levels with three replicates and three birds each in metallic cages. Results show that there was significant (P<0.001) difference in protein, fat, NFE and metabolizable energy retention which were higher in the control and Maxigrain® treated diets compared with the corresponding diets without Maxigrain®. The crude fibre retention was significant (P<0.05) lower in the control compared treatments. The crude fibre retention values at 20 and 30% PKM diets with Maxigrain® were significantly (P<0.05) lower than values for 20 and 30% PKM diets without Maxigrain®. The results indicates that enzyme treatment of PKM increased the retention of vital nutrients and metabolizable energy. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008.	Broiler; Maxigrain®; Metabolizable energy; Nutrient retention; Palm kernel meal	beta glucan hydrolase; cellulose; enzyme; phytase; xylan endo 1,3 beta xylosidase; animal experiment; animal food; article; chick; controlled study; diet therapy; dietary intake; energy metabolism; fat content; female; male; nonhuman; nutrient availability; nutrient content; nutrient supply; nutritional support; poultry farming; protein content; Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44449163010	Evaluation of enzyme (Maxigrain®) supplementation of graded levels of palm kernel meal (PKM) on the performance of broiler chickens	Esuga P.M., Sekoni A.A., Omage J.J., Bawa G.S.	2008	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	7	4	10.3923/pjn.2008.607.613	Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Esuga, P.M., Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Sekoni, A.A., Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Omage, J.J., Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Bawa, G.S., Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Palm Kernel Meal (PKM) in diets supplemented with or without enzyme (Maxigarin®) as replacement for Maize in broiler diets. Four hundred and five day old Arbor acres broiler chickens were randomly allotted to nine isonitrogeneous diet where PKM was included in the diet at 10, 20, 30, and 40% levels. Four of the diets contain PKM without Maxigrain® while the other four contained PKM with Maxigrain® supplementation. The Maxigrain® was added to the already formulated diet (supplementation) at 0.01% to four of the nine diets. At the starter phase the final body weight, weight gain and average daily weight gain were significantly (P<0.001) higher in 10% and 20% PKM diets Maxigrain® supplementation compared to other treatments. Feed intake was significantly (P<0.001) higher in the control, 10% and 20% PKM diets with Maxigrain®. The feed : gain ratio was significantly (P<0.001) lower in the 10% PKM diet with Maxigrain® compared to all other treatments. All levels of PKM diets with Maxigrain® were significantly (P<0.001) lower than the corresponding levels without Maxigrain®. The feed cost/kg weight gain were significantly (P<0.001) lower in all PKM diets with and without Maxigrain® compared to the control. At the finisher phase, the final weight, weight gain and average daily weight gain were significantly (P<0.001) higher in the 10% and 20% PKM diets with Maxigrain® compared to all other treatments. Feed intake was significantly (P<0.001) higher in all PKM diets with and without Maxigrain® compared with the control. Feed gain ratio and feed cost/kg weight gain (N) were significantly (P<0.001) lower in the control and all PKM diets with Maxigrain® supplementation compared to all PKM diets without Maxigrain®. The results indicate that Maxigrain® supplementation of PKM diets improved the utilization of PKM. Diets with 10 and 20% inclusion of PKM and Maxigrain® were better than the control maize based diets. The dressed weight, neck, liver, lungs, kidney, abdominal fat, pancrease, spleen and length of intestines were significantly (P<0.001) different across treatments. Similarly, the percentage weight of the breast, thigh, heart and the intestines were significantly (P<0.001) different across treatments with no particular trend established. The drumstick, wings, head and gizzard were significantly (P<0.05) different across treatments. No significant difference in the dressing percentage and the back across the treatments. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008.	Broiler performance; Maxigrain®; PKM; Supplementation	animal experiment; animal food; article; body weight; carcass; chicken; controlled study; cost benefit analysis; diet supplementation; dietary intake; economic aspect; female; food intake; maize; male; nonhuman; nutrient content; nutrient supply; nutrient uptake; nutritional support; organ weight; weight gain; Gallus gallus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845619157	Effects of various durations of water deprivation on performance of weaner rabbits in a sub-humid environment	Bawa G.S., Afolayan S.B., Olumeyan D.B., Ashiru R.	2006	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	5	6	10.3923/pjn.2006.551.554	Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; College of Agriculture, DAC, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Bawa, G.S., Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Afolayan, S.B., College of Agriculture, DAC, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Olumeyan, D.B., Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Ashiru, R., Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	An experiment was conducted to assess the effects of various duration of water deprivation on performance of weaner rabbits in a sub-humid environment. Forty eight (48) nine-week old weaner rabbits of mixed breed and sex with an average initial weight of 622 ± 0.12g were used for the study which lasted 56 days There were four watering treatments such that water supply was restricted for 0, 6, 12 or 18 hours corresponding to 24, 18, 12 or 6 hours of access to water per day respectively. The rabbits were randomly assigned based on initial live weight and sex to the four watering treatments in a completely randomized design. Free water intake decreased linearly and significantly (P<0.05) as the duration of water deprivation increased. There were no significant treatment effects (P>0.05) on daily feed intake. There were significant (P<0.05) decreases in live weight gains, feed efficiency and water to feed ratio with increase in duration of water deprivation respectively. Mortality rate of about 16 and 33% were recorded among rabbits groups deprived of water for 12 and 18 hours per day respectively. Results of the study showed that for optimum growth performance, weaning rabbits should have access to free drinking water for a minimum period of 12 hours in a day. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.	Sub-humid environment; Water deprivation; Weaner rabbits	drinking water; animal experiment; article; body growth; body weight; controlled study; female; fluid intake; food intake; humidity; male; mortality; nonhuman; rabbit; statistical significance; water deprivation; water supply; weaning; weight gain; Oryctolagus cuniculus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650088652	Evaluation of methiorep as a substitute for methionine in broiler diets	Salome I., Dafwang I.I., Bawa G.S.	2010	International Journal of Poultry Science	9	8	None	Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; National Agricultural Extension and Research Liason Services, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Salome, I., Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Dafwang, I.I., National Agricultural Extension and Research Liason Services, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Bawa, G.S., Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	A total of 225 day old broiler chicks were used to evaluate the use of Methiorep, a herbal Methionine product, as a substitute for synthetic Methionine in broiler diets. The experiment lasted from 0-4 weeks of age. The birds were randomly allocated to 5 dietary treatments in 3 replicates of 15 birds each, giving a total of 45 birds per treatment. The 5 dietary treatments comprised diet 1 which was devoid of supplementary Methionine and Methiorep, diet 2 had 0.25% Methionine, while diets 3-5 had graded levels of 0.25, 0.5 and 1% Methiorep respectively. All diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. The results showed that birds fed the Methionine supplemented diet performed significantly (p<0.05) better than other treatments in body weights, weight gains, feed intake, feed to gain and feed cost per kg gain. Dietary treatments had no significant effect on mortality rate. An analysis of the effect of graded levels of Methiorep on growth performance showed that Methiorep significantly improved growth performance up to 1% inclusion level but growth performance even at that level was inferior to that obtained on the 0.25% Methionine supplemented diet. It is concluded from this experiment that Methiorep is not an effective substitute for Methionine under the conditions of this study. © Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Broiler chicks; Herbal methionine; Methionine; Methiorep	Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845621640	Evaluation of feeding graded levels of dried and milled Ficus thonningii leaves on growth performance, carcass characteristics and organs of weaner rabbits	Tegbe T.S.B., Adeyinka I.A., Baye K.D., Alawa J.P.	2006	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	5	6	10.3923/pjn.2006.548.550	Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria	Tegbe, T.S.B., National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria; Adeyinka, I.A., National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria; Baye, K.D., Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Alawa, J.P., Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Twenty weaner rabbits of average initial weight of 535g were fed four diets containing milled Ficus thonningii leaf meal at 0% 5% 10% and 15% levels to evaluate its effect on their growth performance and carcass characteristics. Rabbits were randomly allotted to cages and four dietary treatments randomly allotted to cages. There were five replications of the four treatments in a randomized block design trial. The study lasted eleven weeks. Dietary treatments did not significantly (P>0.05) affect average daily feed intake, average daily weight gain, carcass and organ characteristics. However, feed to gain ratio was significantly (P<0.05) affected by level of feeding Ficus thonningii. It was concluded that Ficus thonningii leaf meal could be fed up to 15% level in rabbit diet. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.	Feed intake; Ficus thonningii leaf meal; Weaner rabbits	animal experiment; animal food; animal tissue; article; body growth; body weight; carcass; controlled study; dietary intake; Ficus; food composition; food processing; nonhuman; plant leaf; rabbit; statistical significance; weight gain; Ficus thonningii; Oryctolagus cuniculus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646418402	Effects of graded levels of palm-kernel cake on performance of grower rabbits	Orunmuyi M., Bawa G.S., Adeyinka F.D., Daudu O.M., Adeyinka I.A.	2006	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	5	1	10.3923/pjn.2006.71.74	Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; National Animal Production, Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria	Orunmuyi, M., Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Bawa, G.S., Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Adeyinka, F.D., Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Daudu, O.M., Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Adeyinka, I.A., National Animal Production, Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria	A total of forty (40) growing rabbits with an average initial weight of 921.5g were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments containing 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% palm kernel cake as replacement for soyabean cake respectively. All diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous (20% CP). The final live weights of the rabbits were higher in the control diet compared to those on palm kernel cake diets. With the exception of the rabbits placed on 40% level of palm kernel cake daily feed intake, daily weight gain and feed efficiency values compared favourably with those on control diet. Carcass weight and weight of primal cuts expressed as percentage of carcass weight did not show any significant difference between the treatment means. Animals on 40% palm kernel cake diets had the highest (P<0.05) cost per kg gain compared to those on other dietary treatments. It was concluded that palm kernel cake can be used up to 30% level in a maize - soyabean meal based diet for grower rabbits without adverse effect on the performance of the animals. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.	Grower rabbits; Growth and carcass characteristics; Palm kernel cake; Soyabean meal	palm oil; animal experiment; animal food; article; carcass; controlled study; diet supplementation; food composition; food intake; meat industry; nonhuman; nutrient supply; nutritional health; nutritional value; rabbit; randomization; seed kernel; soybean; test meal; weight gain; Animalia; Glycine max; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960426080	Sex influence on performance of West African Dwarf goats	Idiong N.B., Udom G.N.	2011	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	10	6	None	Department of Animal Science, Akwa Ibom State University, Obio Akpa Campus, Nigeria; Department of Crop Science, University of Uyo, Nigeria	Idiong, N.B., Department of Animal Science, Akwa Ibom State University, Obio Akpa Campus, Nigeria; Udom, G.N., Department of Crop Science, University of Uyo, Nigeria	The performance of thirty West African Dwarf goats (15 males and 15 females) intensively fed on five fodder diets were compared, to determine the influence of animal sex on the parameters studied. The parameters evaluated were feed intake, apparent digestibility, body weight, body weight gains, feed conversion ratio and reproductive performance. Mean intake values for male and female goats were 2.03kg and 2.77kg respectively, indicating that the experimental does consumed more feed than the bucks. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in apparent dry matter digestibility with the females exhibiting superiority over the males. Similar results were recorded for body weight and feed conversion ratio. Effect of sex on weight gain was not significant (p>0.05). However, male goats exhibited puberty characteristics earlier than females. The mean live weight at puberty were 7.81kg and 8.68kg for the bucks and does respectively.	Dwarf goats; Sex; West African	Animalia; Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952254683	Effects of lemmon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) leaf meal feed supplement on growth performance of broiler chicks	Mmereole F.U.C.	2010	International Journal of Poultry Science	9	12	10.3923/ijps.2010.1107.1111	Department of Animal Science, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria	Mmereole, F.U.C., Department of Animal Science, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria	An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of Lemmon Grass (Cymbopogon citratus) Leaf Meal (LGLM) on growth performances of broiler chickens and its ability to be utilized as a viable alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. The experiment involved two hundred and seventy day-old Abor-acre broiler chickens randomly separated into 3 experimental diet groups, with each being replicated 3 times. Ninety day-old birds were randomly allocated to each group and thirty birds per replicate. The diet groups were: Diet 1 (D 1 = control = basal diet), Diet 2 (D 2 = basal diet+1% LGLM) and Diet 3 (D 3 = basal diet+1% Teramycin antibiotic growth promoter). The birds were brood-reared for six weeks. At day-old the birds were weighed to obtain the initial weight and subsequently weighed weekly to determine weekly body weights and weekly body weight gains. Other parameters taken weekly included feed intake, feed conversion ratio and mortality rates. All the parameters were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS 2006. The results obtained indicate that the performances of the birds placed on control diet (D1) were significantly (p<0.05) lower in all parameters than those placed on D2 and D3. The results further indicated that, although the final body weight of the birds on D2 (1895.56 g) was quantitatively higher than that of the birds in D3 (1875.92 g), the difference was not significant (p>0.05). With respect to feed intake and feed conversion ratio, it was observed that there were no significant differences between the birds in D2 and D3. At the end of the experiment the cumulative mortality rate in D2 (3.67%) was found to be significantly (p<0.05) lower than the mortality rate for the birds in D3 (3.98%). Based on these results, it can be concluded that, considering the risk of drug resistance which the antibiotics tend to impose on broilers, Lemmon grass leaf meal can be considered as a viable alternative to antibiotics growth promoters. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Broiler chickens; Leaf meal; Lemmon grass	Aves; Cymbopogon citratus; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905455188	Milk production performances of Holstein Friesian x Arsi and Holstein Friesian x Boran cross-bred cattle at Agarfa Agricultural Technical Vocational and Educational Training (ATVET) College, Oromia, Ethiopia	Wassie T., Mekuriaw G., Mekuriaw Z.	2014	Livestock Research for Rural Development	26	8	None	Department of Animal science, Assosa University, P.O.Box 18, Asosa, Ethiopia; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O.Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), LIVES Project, P.O.Box 1867, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia	Wassie, T., Department of Animal science, Assosa University, P.O.Box 18, Asosa, Ethiopia; Mekuriaw, G., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O.Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Mekuriaw, Z., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), LIVES Project, P.O.Box 1867, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia	The study was carried out at Agarfa ATVET College dairy farm to evaluate the milk production performances of Holstein Friesian x Arsi and Holstein Friesian x Boran cross cattle breeds. For the study, records compiled from 1983 to 2012 at the Agarfa dairy farm were used as original data. Effects of breed, blood level, season and parity on milk yield traits were evaluated. The data were analyzed using the general linear model of the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) version 9.1. The overall means for daily milk yield were 6.38 and 7.02 kg and for lactation milk yield 1925 and 2136 kg for Friesian x Arsi and Friesian x Boran cross, respectively. Generally the productive performance of cows reported in this study was lower than the performance reported in many tropical regions. Therefore, due consideration should be given to calf and heifer management, heat detection, feeding and health care. Furthermore, in this study Friesian x Boran cross were better than Friesian x Arsi in performance therefore attention should be given to keep this cross in the farm.	Blood level; Daily milk yield; Lactation length; Lactation milk yield	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860694292	Effect of concentrate supplementation during early lactation on plasma IGF-I concentrations and reproductive performance of dairy cows	Obese F.Y., Stirling T.E., Stockdale R.C., Macmillan K.L., Egan A.R., Humphrys S.	2011	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	41	4	10.4314/sajas.v41i4.6	Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Consumer Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 226, Legon, Ghana; School of Agriculture and Food Systems, University of Melbourne, VIC 3031, Australia; School of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia; Department of Primary Industries, 120 Cooma Road, Kyabram, VIC 3620, Australia; Primegro (Pty) Ltd., Thebarton, SA 5001, Australia	Obese, F.Y., Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Consumer Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 226, Legon, Ghana; Stirling, T.E., School of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia; Stockdale, R.C., Department of Primary Industries, 120 Cooma Road, Kyabram, VIC 3620, Australia; Macmillan, K.L., School of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia; Egan, A.R., School of Agriculture and Food Systems, University of Melbourne, VIC 3031, Australia; Humphrys, S., Primegro (Pty) Ltd., Thebarton, SA 5001, Australia	An experiment was conducted to assess the effects of body condition score (BCS) at calving and level of feed supplementation during early lactation on the Insulin-like growth Factor-I (IGF-I) and reproductive performance in 72 Holstein cows in a pasture-based system following seasonally-synchronized calving. At the start of the seasonal breeding, plasma IGF-I concentrations in cows that had recommenced ovarian activity with detected oestrus were compared with those in anoestrus. The cows (n = 72) were managed over a period of five months to calve in a BCS of 4, 5 or 6 - using a scale from 1 (thin) to 8 (obese). The cows were maintained on pastures and supplemented during early lactation with either 1 or 6 kg grain per day. The BCS at calving did not affect plasma IGF-I concentrations. The plasma IGF-I concentration at week 10 was elevated at the higher level of grain supplementation (87.8 vs. 72.1 ng/mL). Higher conception rate following the first insemination of cows calving with a BCS of 6 (71% vs. 46% and 37% for a BCS of 4 and 5, respectively) was associated with more cows in that group conceiving during the first three weeks of the artificial insemination (AI) programme (75% vs. 46% and 46% for a BCS of 4 and 5, respectively). At weeks 0 and 10, cows that commenced ovarian activity by the start of the intensive AI programme, recorded higher plasma IGF-I concentrations than anoestrous cows. These findings indicate that diet can affect the plasma IGF-I levels, which in turn may be involved in affecting the resumption of cyclic ovarian activity and conception in dairy cows.	Bcs; Conception; Dairy cows; IGF-I; Postpartum period	Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865092334	Evaluation of the chemical composition and anti nutritional factors levels of different thermally processed soybeans	Ari M.M., Ayanwale B.A., Adama T.Z., Olatunji E.A.	2012	Research Journal of Information Technology	4	4	10.3923/rjit.2012.220.227	Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, PMB 33 Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Depar	Ari, M.M., Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, PMB 33 Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Ayanwale, B.A., Department of Animal Production Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Adama, T.Z., Department of Animal Production Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Olatunji, E.A., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Abuja, FCT, Nigeria	Chemical composition, amino acid profile, Anti Nutritional Factors (ANFs) and protein quality factors of different thermally (extrusion, cooking, toasting and roasting) processed soybeans (Glycine max) for broiler diets were evaluated in this study. Dry Matter (DM) percentage ranged from 79.00-91.25% while Crude Protein (CP) percentage ranged from 12.51-28.34%. Crude Fibre (CF) values were highest with toasting (28.34) while cooking gave the lowest value (12.51). Ether Extract (EE) highest value was obtained in cooked soybeans (19.50%) while the least (9.72%) was obtained in extruded soybeans. Total ash percentages ranged from 4.27-4.46% while NFE percentage ranged from 13.75-26.31%. Ca and P percentage values were high (1.08, 0.33%) in roasted and extruded respectively. Amino acid profiles (g/100 g protein) values for lysine ranged from 2.40-5.1, while cystine had values ranging from 0.64-0.88. Methionine value were highest (1.02, 1.14) in cooking and roasting and least in extrusion (0.52) while phyenylalanine values ranged from 3.06-4.26. Reduction due to treatment was observed in Trypsin Inhibitor Activity (TIA) and phytic acid and cooking methods was highest for TIA (85%), extruded soybeans (60.59%), toasted and roasted soybeans were similar (52.44, 53.75%). Reduction in phytic acid was highest with roasted soybean (71.71%), followed by 70.73% in cooked soybeans, toasted soybean was least (48.12%). Urease assay values ranged from 0.02-0.09 (ApH) and cooked soybean had highest protein solubility index of 83.40%. Phytic acid and Trypsin Inhibitor Activity (TIA), phytic acid and percentage reduction in TIA, Protein Solubility Index (PSI) and phytic acid, TIA and percentage reduction in TIA were correlated. Protein quality and TIA inactivation was more preserved and effective with cooking method. 2012 Academic Journals Inc.	Amino acid profile; Anti nutritional factors; Proximate composition; Soybeans; Thermal processing	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939270193	The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System: Updates to the model and evaluation of version 6.5	Van Amburgh M.E., Collao-Saenz E.A., Higgs R.J., Ross D.A., Recktenwald E.B., Raffrenato E., Chase L.E., Overton T.R., Mills J.K., Foskolos A.	2015	Journal of Dairy Science	98	9	10.3168/jds.2015-9378	Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Jataí, Brazil; Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Elanco Animal Health, Canastota, NY, United States	Van Amburgh, M.E., Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Collao-Saenz, E.A., Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Jataí, Brazil; Higgs, R.J., Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Ross, D.A., Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Recktenwald, E.B., Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Raffrenato, E., Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Chase, L.E., Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Overton, T.R., Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Mills, J.K., Elanco Animal Health, Canastota, NY, United States; Foskolos, A., Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States	New laboratory and animal sampling methods and data have been generated over the last 10 yr that had the potential to improve the predictions for energy, protein, and AA supply and requirements in the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS). The objectives of this study were to describe updates to the CNCPS and evaluate model performance against both literature and on-farm data. The changes to the feed library were significant and are reported in a separate manuscript. Degradation rates of protein and carbohydrate fractions were adjusted according to new fractionation schemes, and corresponding changes to equations used to calculate rumen outflows and postrumen digestion were presented. In response to the feed-library changes and an increased supply of essential AA because of updated contents of AA, a combined efficiency of use was adopted in place of separate calculations for maintenance and lactation to better represent the biology of the cow. Four different data sets were developed to evaluate Lys and Met requirements, rumen N balance, and milk yield predictions. In total 99 peer-reviewed studies with 389 treatments and 15 regional farms with 50 different diets were included. The broken-line model with plateau was used to identify the concentration of Lys and Met that maximizes milk protein yield and content. Results suggested concentrations of 7.00 and 2.60% of metabolizable protein (MP) for Lys and Met, respectively, for maximal protein yield and 6.77 and 2.85% of MP for Lys and Met, respectively, for maximal protein content. Updated AA concentrations were numerically higher for Lys and 11 to 18% higher for Met compared with CNCPS v6.0, and this is attributed to the increased content of Met and Lys in feeds that were previously incorrectly analyzed and described. The prediction of postruminal flows of N and milk yield were evaluated using the correlation coefficient from the BLUP (R2<inf>BLUP</inf>) procedure or model predictions (R2<inf>MDP</inf>) and the concordance correlation coefficient. The accuracy and precision of rumen-degradable N and undegradable N and bacterial N flows were improved with reduced bias. The CNCPS v6.5 predicted accurate and precise milk yield according to the first-limiting nutrient (MP or metabolizable energy) with a R2<inf>BLUP</inf>=0.97, R2<inf>MDP</inf>=0.78, and concordance correlation coefficient=0.83. Furthermore, MP-allowable milk was predicted with greater precision than metabolizable energy-allowable milk (R2<inf>MDP</inf>=0.82 and 0.76, respectively, for MP and metabolizable energy). Results suggest a significant improvement of the model, especially under conditions of MP limitation. © 2015 American Dairy Science Association.	Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System; Dairy cattle; Evaluation; Update	Animalia; Bacteria (microorganisms); Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952256845	Proximate composition of aframomum melegueta seeds, garcinia kola seeds and growth performance of broiler chicks treated with powders from these seeds	Ibekwe H.A., Orok E.E.	2010	International Journal of Poultry Science	9	12	10.3923/ijps.2010.1152.1155	Department of Animal Science, Cross River University of Technology, Cross River State, Obubra Campus, Nigeria	Ibekwe, H.A., Department of Animal Science, Cross River University of Technology, Cross River State, Obubra Campus, Nigeria; Orok, E.E., Department of Animal Science, Cross River University of Technology, Cross River State, Obubra Campus, Nigeria	This study was designed to evaluate the nutritive value of powdered seeds of two important medicinal plants in West Africa. The proximate analysis of these two set of seeds were carried out prior to bird's treatment so as to throw more light on their nutritional potential. A total of 18 broiler chicks of Anak2000 strain were used in this study. Treatment one (control) received 0% inclusion of these seeds whereas treatment two and three received 10% Aframomum melegueta and Garcinia kola seeds respectively. The treatment was terminated after 5 weeks and live body mass of birds taken. The result obtained showed a non-significant (p>0.05) reduction in the body mass of broiler chicks reflecting their poor proximate composition. This finding may be an indication that these seeds should not be used as non-conventional feed source for poultry production. It however lends credence to their medicinal uses without compromising the body mass of birds. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	A. melegueta; Broilers; G. kola; Growth performance; Proximate composition	Aframomum melegueta; Aves; Garcinia kola	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-65549144310	Evaluation of dietary inclusion of Sweet Potato (Ipoma batatas) Leaf Meal (SPLM) with and without enzyme treatment in broiler diets	Mmereole F.	2009	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	8	6	10.3923/pjn.2009.841.844	Department of Animal Science, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Asaba, Nigeria	Mmereole, F., Department of Animal Science, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Asaba, Nigeria	An experiment was conducted to test the effects of Sweet Potato Leaf Meal (SPLM) as a supplement in broiler diet with or without enzyme treatment. This study is a part of ongoing efforts to reduce feed costs in broiler production and thus make more animal protein available and affordable to the growing world population especially in those countries where there are dangerous deficiency gaps between the quantity of animal protein required and the quantity consumed. Five hundred day-old broilers were brooded for four weeks after which 135 birds were selected for the experiment. Data were collected on the body weight and body weight gains, feed intake and feed conversion ratio and costs of feeds per kilogram of body weight of broilers. The data were subjected to both statistical and economic analysis. The results obtained from the analysis revealed that the birds fed with diets containing 20% enzyme treated SPLM proved superior in all parameters evaluated. Based on these observation the study recommended that farmers should be encouraged to include 20% SPLM treated with enzyme in their feed formulation for improved broiler production. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2009.	Enzyme treatment; Evaluation; Sweet potato leaf meal	protein; agricultural worker; animal experiment; animal food; article; bird; body weight; controlled study; economic aspect; enzyme therapy; nonhuman; plant leaf; poultry farming; protein intake; statistical analysis; sweet potato; weight gain; chicken; cost benefit analysis; diet supplementation; dietary intake; economic evaluation; food intake; poultry; Animalia; Aves; Ipomoea batatas	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955638746	Growth performances and cost analysis of weaner rabbits fed varying dietary levels of crude protein supplemented with tridax procumbens	Mmereole F.U.C., Egoh J.O., Obinne J.I.	2011	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	10	2	None	Department of Animal Science, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Asaba-Delta State, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Education, Federal College of Education (Technical), Asaba-Delta State, Nigeria	Mmereole, F.U.C., Department of Animal Science, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Asaba-Delta State, Nigeria; Egoh, J.O., Department of Animal Science, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Asaba-Delta State, Nigeria; Obinne, J.I., Department of Agricultural Education, Federal College of Education (Technical), Asaba-Delta State, Nigeria	Growth performance and cost benefit implications of feeding weaner rabbits on concentrate diets supplemented with T. procumbens ad lib. was investigated in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) experiment comprising four treatment groups. Thirty-six weaner rabbits were involved in the experiment. Nine rabbits randomly assigned to each of the four treatment groups consisting of the following: Diet 1 = 12% CP with Tridax, Diet 2 = 14% CP with Tridax, Diet 3 = 16% CP with Tridax and Diet 4 = 16% CP without Tridax as the control. The treatments were replicated thrice. The feeding trial lasted for fourty-two days during which data on body weight and weight gains, feed intake and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were collected. The data collected were subjected to cost/benefit evaluation and statistical analysis using S.A.S. (2002) software package. Dietary treatments produced significant (p<0.05) effects on feed consumption, body weights and weight gains, FCR, production costs and profit margins. Rabbits fed concentrate diets containing 14% CP+ Tridax supplement had the best feed conversion ratio, least production cost/per kg of body weight gain and highest profit margin than the other treatments. Based on the results, therefore, it is advisable to produce rabbits on diets formulated on 14% CP supplemented with Tridax ad lib if the producer's objective is to maximize profit. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2011.	Crude protein level; Growth performance; Profit margin; Rabbits; Tridax supplement	protein; animal experiment; article; body weight; controlled study; cost benefit analysis; diet supplementation; female; food composition; food intake; growth; male; nonhuman; plant; rabbit; statistical analysis; tridax procumbens; weight gain; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Tridax; Tridax procumbens	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863792169	Haematological response, performance and economic analysis of cockerel chicks fed enzyme supplemented Brewer's Dried Grains Groundnut cake-based diets	Isikwenu J.O., Udeh I., Ifie I.	2012	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	11	6	None	Department of Animal Science, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Delta State, Nigeria	Isikwenu, J.O., Department of Animal Science, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Delta State, Nigeria; Udeh, I., Department of Animal Science, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Delta State, Nigeria; Ifie, I., Department of Animal Science, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Delta State, Nigeria	The effect of replacing Groundnut Cake (GNC) with enzyme supplemented Brewer's Dried Grains (BDG) at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% graded levels in cockerel chicks at 6-11 weeks of age was investigated. Five dietary treatments were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric to provide 20% crude protein and 2900 kcal/kg metabolizable energy. Two hundred and twenty-five 5 weeks old cockerel chicks (Abor-Acre breed) were randomly allocated to five treatments replicated thrice with 15 cockerels per replicate, fed and watered ad libitum in deep litter pens for 6 weeks. Means of body weight, total weight gain, daily weight gain, feed intake, feed: gain ratio, blood parameters and economic assessment of cockerels fed the control diet, 25 and 50% enzyme supplemented brewer's dried grains diets were significantly (p<0.05) better than those fed 75 and 100% inclusion levels. The use of enzymes supplemented BDG was more profitable than GNC in cockerel's diets when the replacement do not exceed the 50% level. Mortality ranged from 1.95-3.56%. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2012.	Brewer's dried grain; Cockerel chicks; Enzyme; Groundnut cake; Supplemented	hemoglobin; animal experiment; animal food; article; body weight; Brewer dried grain; chick; controlled study; diet supplementation; economic evaluation; erythrocyte count; food intake; groundnut cake; hematocrit; hematological parameters; leukocyte count; mean corpuscular hemoglobin; mean corpuscular volume; mortality; nonhuman; peanut; plant residue; weight gain	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951755323	Evaluation of the dietary inclusion of Aloe Vera as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoter in broiler production	Mmereole F.U.C.	2011	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	10	1	10.3923/pjn.2011.1.5	Department of Animal Science, Delta State University, Asaba Campus-Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria	Mmereole, F.U.C., Department of Animal Science, Delta State University, Asaba Campus-Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria	An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of Aloe vera as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoter on the performance and the haematological characteristics of the broiler chickens. The experiment involved one hundred and twenty day-old Abor-Acre broiler chicks which were distributed to three treatment groups. The treatment groups comprised the following: T1 = control (basal feed), T2 = basal feed + Aloe vera, T3 = basal feed + Teramycin soluble powder (antibiotic growth promoter). Fourty day-old chicks were assigned to each treatment group in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and each treatment was replicated four times with each replicate having ten birds. The experiment lasted 56 days (8 weeks) during which the following parameters were collected:- initial body weight at day old, weekly body weights and body weight gains. At the end of the experiment, 8 birds were randomly collected from each experimental group and bled to obtain blood samples to determine the blood characteristics of the birds. All the data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS (2002) package. Results obtained indicated that body weights and body weight gains were significantly (p>0.05) higher in the birds fed diets containing Aloe vera supplement (T2) than the birds fed control diet (T1) but there were no significant (p<0.05) differences T2 and T3. With respect to the results of the haematological analysis, it was observed that while the blood characteristics of the birds in T1 did not significantly (p>0.05) differ from those birds in T2, there were significant (p<0.05) differences between the birds in T2 and T3. Based on these results, it was concluded that while those birds in T2 compared very well with the birds placed on antibiotics growth promoter (T3) in respect of growth parameters, the birds on T2 (Aloe vera supplement) showed remarkable superiority in blood characteristics over the birds in T3 (antibiotics supplement). This is an indication that Aloe vera can be used to replace antibiotics growth promoters while avoiding the development of drug resistance associated with antibiotic growth promoters. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2011.	Aloe vera; Dietary inclusion; Drug resistance; Growth promoters; Haematological parameters	Aloe vera leaf powder; antibiotic agent; growth promotor; herbaceous agent; teramycin; unclassified drug; analysis of variance; animal experiment; animal food; animal tissue; article; bird; blood analysis; blood sampling; body weight; broiler; chick; chicken; controlled study; diet supplementation; drug resistance; hematological parameters; nonhuman; physical performance; plant leaf; randomization; weight gain; Aloe vera; Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054895639	Evaluation of growth and body traits of snailets obtained from the crossbreeding of black skinned × white skinned snails (Archachatina marginata (S)) in the niger delta area of Nigeria	Ibom L.A., Okon B., Adinya I.B.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	21	None	Department of Animal Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Department of Agric. Economics and Extension, Cross River University of Technology, Obubra Campus, Nigeria	Ibom, L.A., Department of Animal Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Okon, B., Department of Animal Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Adinya, I.B., Department of Agric. Economics and Extension, Cross River University of Technology, Obubra Campus, Nigeria	This study evaluated the growth and body traits of snailets or juveniles obtained from the hatching of eggs resulting from the crossbreeding of black skinned x white skinned snails. The indices used were body weight, shell length, shell width, 'mouth' length and 'mouth' width. The results showed that all measured traits expressed progressive increase from hatch to week four. However, the differences observed among the mating groups for these traits were not significantly different. The results also showed that the product of the crossing was a mixture of black and white skinned snailets. This further confirms the possibility of mating between the black and white skinned snails. Interested snail farmers are encouraged to rear both black and white skinned snails. ©2011 Academic Journals.	Crossbreeding; Economic traits; Growth; Niger delta; Snails	Archachatina marginata; Gastropoda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855759224	Productive and reproductive performance of Zebu X Holstein-Friesian crossbred dairy cows in Jimma town, Oromia, Ethiopia	Duguma B., Kechero Y., Janssens G.P.J.	2012	Global Veterinaria	8	1	None	Department of Animal Science, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium	Duguma, B., Department of Animal Science, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Kechero, Y., Department of Animal Science, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Janssens, G.P.J., Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium	The aim of the study was to assess productive and reproductive performance of crossbred (Zebu x Holstein-Friesian) dairy cows and factors affecting their performance in Jimma town, Oromia State, Ethiopia. A total of 54 small-scale dairy farm owners were randomly selected and interviewed with pre-tested structured questionnaire were conducted to obtain information on the productive and reproductive performance of cows. A follow-up studies was also conducted to obtain milk production based on lactation stages. The results of the study showed that from the follow-up study, the mean daily milk yield for the first, second and third stage of lactations was 7.01± 2.73, 5.55±2.83 and 3.50±1.64 liters per cow, respectively. The milk yield was decreased significantly in the third stage of lactation than that of first and second (P<0.01). The milk yield was observed significantly (P<0.01) higher in the morning than in the evening for the three stage of lactations. From the survey results, the mean milk production per day/cow and per lactation was 8.45±1.23 and 2314.45 litres, respectively. The overall average lactation length was 9.13±1.99 months The mean age at first service(Months), age at first calving (year), days open till conception, calving interval (Months) and number of services per conception from survey data were 24.30±8.01, 3.05±0.65, 21.36±3.84 months and 1.56±0.57, respectively. The present study showed that productive and reproductive performance of crossbred cows owned by small-scale dairy producers in Jimma town was low. Thus, there is a need to improve feed supply, health care and services, access to artificial insemination, proper breeding management and supply of improved genotypes in order to improve the performance of dairy cows in the study area,. © IDOSI Publications, 2012.	Age at first calving; Caving interval; Lactation stage; Milk production; Oromia	Bos; Bos indicus; Friesia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650373218	Evaluation of enzyme and probiotic supplementation of maize processing waste-based diets on performance and nutrient utilization of weaner rabbits	Onu P.N., Oboke S.A.	2010	Indian Journal of Animal Research	44	2	None	Department of Animal Science, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053 Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	Onu, P.N., Department of Animal Science, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053 Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Oboke, S.A., Department of Animal Science, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053 Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	48 six weeks old crossbred weaner rabbits were randomly allocated to four treatments to determine the effect of enzyme and probiotic supplementation of maize processing wastebased diets on performance and nutrient digestibility of weaner rabbits. Four experimental diets were formulated such that diet 1 (T1) contained 0% MPW while diet 2 (T2) contained 50% MPW without supplementation. Diets 3 (T3) and 4 (T4) contained 50% MPW supplemented with 200mg of enzyme (grindazym) and probiotic (yeast) per kilogram of feed respectively. Results showed significant (P &lt; 0.05) differences in body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), crude protein, dry matter, crude fibre and ether extract digestibility among the rabbits. Rabbits fed enzyme (T3) and probiotic (T4) supplemented diets had significantly (P &lt; 0.05) superior BWG, FCR and PER. compared to other treatment groups. Rabbits fed 50% MPW diet without supplementation (T2) recorded higher BWG and better FCR than those fed 0% MPW diet (T1) There was no significant (P &gt; 0.05) difference among the groups in daily feed intake (DFI), daily protein intake (DPI) and ash digestibility. Economic analysis favoured the inclusion of MPW, enzyme and probiotic in weaned rabbits diets. However, cost saving in percentage was higher for the supplemented diets. Results of this study suggest that up to 50% maize in rabbit diet could be replace with MPW and that enzyme and probiotic supplementation of MPW-based diet enhanced the performance of the rabbits.	Enzyme; Nutrient digestibility; Performance; Probiotic; Supplementation; Weaner rabbits	Oryctolagus cuniculus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-28944431793	The effect of supplementing Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay with Acacia tortilis leaves and pods mixture on intake, digestibility and growth performance of goats	Abdulrazak S.A., Njuguna E.G., Karau P.K.	2005	Livestock Research for Rural Development	17	12	None	Department of Animal Science, Egerton University, P.O Box 536, Njoro, Kenya; Egerton University, Division of Research and Extension, P. O. Box 536, Njoro, Kenya	Abdulrazak, S.A., Department of Animal Science, Egerton University, P.O Box 536, Njoro, Kenya, Egerton University, Division of Research and Extension, P. O. Box 536, Njoro, Kenya; Njuguna, E.G., Department of Animal Science, Egerton University, P.O Box 536, Njoro, Kenya; Karau, P.K., Department of Animal Science, Egerton University, P.O Box 536, Njoro, Kenya	An experiment was conducted for 63 days to examine the effects of supplementation of Rhodes grass hay (H) with mixtures of leaves and pods of Acacia tortilis on intake, digestion and growth performance of Small East African goats (SEAG). Twenty four SEAG of 18±4 kg BW, 9months old were assigned to six diets including ad libitum Rhodes grass hay alone (H) or H supplemented with various proportions of pods, leaves and mixture of the two as follows; 19 g DM/kg W0.75 pods (P), 19 g DM/kgW0.75 leaves (L), 9.5:9.5 g DM/kg W0.75 pods +leaves (PL), 14:5 g DM/kg W 0.75 pods +leaves (PPL) or 5:14 g DM/kg W0.75 pods +leaves (PLL). The diets were allocated to the goats in a completely randomised design, with 4 goats per treatment. Dry matter intake, digestibility, nitrogen retention and live weight gains were all increased by supplementation. There was an indication of a better response in intake and weight gains when the hay was supplemented with equal proportion (9.5 g DM/kg W0.75) of pods and the leaves. It is concluded that mixtures of pods and leaves give more benefits than when either is offered singly to goats fed a basal diet of grass hay.	Acacia tortilis; Goats; Intake; Leaves; Live weight; Pods; Tree mixture	Acacia; Acacia tortilis; Capra hircus; Chloris gayana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547559189	The nutritive value of azolla (Azolla pinnata) meal in diets for growing pullets and subsequent effect on laying performance	Alalade O.A., Iyayi E.A., Alalade T.O.	2007	Journal of Poultry Science	44	3	10.2141/jpsa.44.273	Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Alalade, O.A., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Iyayi, E.A., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Alalade, T.O., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The effect of incorporating graded levels of azolla meal (AZM) in diets of growing pullets was investigated. Particular reference was given to growth, haematology and subsequent laying performance. In a completely randomized design, feeding trials lasted 10 weeks and involved 120 8-weeks old Nera brown pullets. Birds were reared to 18 weeks of age on diets containing 0, 5, 10 and 15% AZM. From 19 to 30 weeks of age, all groups were switched to a common corn-soybean based layers mash of 17.5% CP and 2522 kcal/kg ME. From the results obtained, apparent differences in weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb) and white blood cell (WBC) were not significant. At the onset of lay, age at first lay was similar across the treatments. Hen-day production to 30 weeks and egg quality characteristics observed were similar across the treatments except for yolk weight, which was significantly lower for all birds on AZM diets. These results indicate a benefit from AZM at low level of supplementation and up to 15% AZM can be incorporated in diets of growing pullets without jeopardizing health and subsequent laying performance.	Azolla meal; Egg quality; Growth; Haematology; Laying performance	Aves; Azolla; Azolla pinnata; Glycine max; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956973323	Effects of aloe vera as leaf protein concentrate on growth performance of cockerels	Odo B.I., Ekenyem B.U., Nwamo A.C.	2010	International Journal of Poultry Science	9	5	None	Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources Management, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Evan Enwerem University, Owerri, Nigeria	Odo, B.I., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources Management, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria; Ekenyem, B.U., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Evan Enwerem University, Owerri, Nigeria; Nwamo, A.C., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources Management, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria	The study investigated the effects of Aloe vera as leaf protein concentrate for cockerels. It was conducted with 72 - day old cockerels which at 3 weeks of age were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments of 24 birds each with 3 replicates per treatment. The rations were standard commercial feed 0% (TO, 5% (J2) and 10% (T3) inclusion levels of Aloe vera respectively. The design of the experiment was a completely randomized design and the birds were fed for 42 days with their respective experimental diets. Records were kept on feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality trend to the end of the experiment. Results showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) in weight gain and feed conversion ratio within treatment but no significant difference (p>0.05) on feed intake. Highest overall profit was obtained from the T2 group. The inclusion of Aloe vera at 5% level supports feed absorption and growth in cockerels. This can therefore be used as a good leaf protein concentrate in cockerel nutrition for improved productivity and therefore, profitability. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Aloe vera; Cockerels; Growth performance; Leaf protein	Aloe vera; Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58849086675	Performance of broilers fed raw bambarra groundnut [Vigna subterranean (L.) Verdc] offal diets supplemented with lysine and or methionine	Ukpabi U.H., Amaefule K.U., Amaefule O.M.	2008	International Journal of Poultry Science	7	12	10.3923/ijps.2008.1177.1181	Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria; Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Science, College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agricultu	Ukpabi, U.H., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria; Amaefule, K.U., Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Science, College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Amaefule, O.M., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria	One hundred and twenty 3-week old Anak broilers were used to evaluate the performance, feed cost and apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients of raw Bambarra Groundnut Offal (BGO) diets supplemented with lysine and or methionine. The experimental design was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with each treatment replicated three times. Five treatment diets were formulated to be isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. The inclusion level of the bambarra groundnut offal in diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 was 20%. Diet 1 (control) had no BGO, lysine or methionine supplementation while diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 were supplemented with lysine, methionine, lysine + methionine and no supplementation, respectively. Parameters measured were final live weight, daily weight gain, feed intake, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER), feed cost and apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients. Results showed that broilers fed diet 4 supplemented with lysine+methionine had improved FCR (2.05) and PER (2.37) than broilers fed other diets and was consistently similar to the control diet in all parameters measured. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences among the broilers fed the various diets in feed cost indices measured, except cost per kg feed. Broilers fed diet 4 supplemented with lysine and methionine had the highest apparent digestibility coefficient of protein (59.39%) while broilers fed diet 5 without amino acid supplementation had the lowest (52.78%). The conclusion was that raw bambarra groundnut offal should be supplemented with lysine and methionine to improve broiler FCR, PER, digestibility coefficient of CP and reduce feed cost. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008.	Bambarra groundnut offal; Broilers; Lysine; Methionine; Performance	Arachis hypogaea; Vigna subterranea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55249118431	Evaluation of the nutritive value of quality protein maize on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of weaner rabbits	Omage J.J., Agubosi O.C.P., Bawa G.S., Onimisi P.A.	2009	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	8	2	10.3923/pjn.2009.106.111	Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Omage, J.J., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Agubosi, O.C.P., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Bawa, G.S., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Onimisi, P.A., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Quality protein maize (QPM) was used to substitute normal maize variety in intensive rabbit study in attempt to reduce the cost of production. Thirty-six weaner rabbits with age ranging between 6-8 weeks and weighing between 225-300g were assigned to six treatment groups in a completely randomized design; six rabbits per treatment were individually caged and fed. The ration involved a percent replacement of normal maize with Quality protein maize at 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 % levels of inclusion across the treatments. The control diet involves a 0% level of QPM supplemented with synthetic lysine. Water and feed was provided adlibitum throughout the study period of 56 days. Feed intake, water consumption, weight gain and mortality were recorded. Results showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) in total feed intake, weight gain, feed efficiency, water consumption, mortality rate, feed cost/kg weight gain. However, there was significant difference (P < 0.001) in feed cost/ kg feed across the treatments. Carcass characteristics showed significant difference (P < 0.05) with no established trends in live weight, length of small and large intestines, liver, legs and tail. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in carcass weight, dressing percentage, heart, shoulder, loin, thigh, lungs, kidneys, spleen and head. The results indicated that feeding QPM to rabbits without lysine supplementation could sustain rabbits without affecting their performance, health and reduced cost of production. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2009.	Cost (#/kg gain); Normal maize; Performance; Quality protein maize; Rabbits	lysine; animal food; article; carcass; controlled study; cost control; fluid intake; food intake; maize; meat industry; mortality; nonhuman; nutritional value; protein intake; rabbit meat; weight gain; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77958058265	Evaluation of the growth performance of snails fed different forages under intensive management	Odo B.I., Orji A.C.	2010	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	9	6	None	Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria	Odo, B.I., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria; Orji, A.C., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria	A six-week old experiment was conducted during the early rainy season of the year to investigate the growth performance of snails fed different forages under intensive rearing. The different forages used in the study constituted the treatment groups and they included: Fluted pumpkin (Telferia occidentalis) leaves (TA), African Spinach (Amaranthus sinensis) leaves (TB), Pawpaw (Carica papaya) leaves (TC) and formulated mash (TD). Thirty two (32) snails of 3 weeks old were divided into the four treatment groups of eight (8) snails each in a completely randomized design. Each treatment group was replicated twice. Result of data analysis showed that there was significant difference (p&lt;0.05) in all the parameters studied which included feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and shell length increase. Feed intake was highest in TA followed by TC and then TD. The highest weight gain recorded in TD differed significantly (p&lt;0.05) with those of TA and Tb. There was no statistical difference between TA and TC. Feed conversion ratio was highest in TB followed by TC and least in TD. Shell length increase was significantly lower (p&lt;0.05) in the TBthan the other treatment groups that showed no statistical difference with each other. With TA and TC giving the highest weight gain after TD and high overall feed intake, it may be advisable that heliculturists should use fluted pumpkin or Paw paw leaves in intensive snail rearing. Use of formulated ration may only be in time of forage shortages as may be occasioned by seasonal changes. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	African giant snails; Forages; Growth performance; Intensive rearing	Amaranthus; Amaranthus sinensis; animal experiment; article; body growth; controlled study; feeding behavior; food analysis; food composition; food intake; forage; forage quality; growth rate; nonhuman; nutrient content; nutritional assessment; nutritional value; papaya; plant leaf; pumpkin; seasonal variation; snail; Telferia occidentalis; weight gain; Amaranthus; Amaranthus cruentus; Asimina triloba; Carica papaya; Gastropoda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959302173	Estrus performance of boran and boran × holstein friesian crossbred cattle synchronized with a protocol based on estradiol benzoate or gonadotrophin-releasing hormone	Tadesse M., Thiengtham J., Pinyopummin A., Prasanpanich S., Tegegne A.	2011	Kasetsart Journal - Natural Science	45	2	None	Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Department of Large Animals and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Tadesse, M., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Thiengtham, J., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Pinyopummin, A., Department of Large Animals and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand; Prasanpanich, S., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Tegegne, A., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The objectives of this study were to determine estrus behavior, interval to estrus, duration of estrus and time of ovulation of Boran, and Boran × Holstein Friesian (HF) breeds. A total of 113 cows and heifers from the two breeds were synchronized with two estrus synchronization protocols: 1) estradiol benzoate (EB) + controlled internal drug release (CIDR) + prostaglandin (PGF2α); and 2) gonadotrophin (GnRH) + CIDR + PGF2α. The results (mean ± SE) showed that the Boran breed had significantly longer interval to estrus (70.67 ± 5.9 versus 54.58 ± 4 h), shorter duration of estrus (8.65 ± 0.83 versus 12.1 ± 0.7 h) and lower behavioral score (mean ± SD; 883 ± 639 versus 3,399 ± 957) compared to Boran × HF crossbred cattle. Animals treated with EB + CIDR + PGF2α had a significantly shorter interval to estrus (46.75 ± 4 versus 78.5 ± 4 h), higher behavioral score (3,058 ± 1,223 versus 2,663 ± 991) and longer duration of estrus (11.31 ± 0.71 versus 9.4 ± 0.75 h) compared to animals treated with GnRH + CIDR + PGF2α. The interval from estrus to ovulation (26 ± 2.5 h) was not different between breeds and between synchronization methods. The Boran (Bos indicus) breed tended to have a longer interval to estrus, shorter duration of estrus and an estrus behavior score lower than Boran × HF crossbred cattle treated and managed under similar conditions. The protocol using EB + CIDR + PGF2α was more effective than GnRH + CIDR + PGF2α in terms of enhancing estrus behavior and creating tight synchrony.	Boran cattle; Estrus behavior; Estrus duration; Interval to estrus; Synchronization	Animalia; Bos; Bos indicus; Friesia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-23144457110	Evaluation of protein degradation characteristics and metabolisable protein of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and locally available protein supplements	Kabi F., Bareeba F.B., Havrevoll Ø., Mpofu I.D.T.	2005	Livestock Production Science	95	42371	10.1016/j.livprodsci.2004.12.013	Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Norway, P.O. Box 5025, N-1432 Aas, Norway; Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Kabi, F., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Bareeba, F.B., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Havrevoll, Ø., Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Norway, P.O. Box 5025, N-1432 Aas, Norway; Mpofu, I.D.T., Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Degradation characteristics of crude protein (CP) and metabolisable protein (MP) of feeds for early-weaned, growing and finishing beef bulls were evaluated in three experiments. Feeds in experiment 1 were fresh elephant grass (FEG) and molasses supplemented with sweet potato vines (SPV) in diet 1, supplemental (GCM) compounded from gliricidia, cottonseed cake (CSC), maize bran and NaCl in diet 2 and a commercial concentrate (CC) in diet 3. Feeds in experiment 2 were basal maize stover mixed with molasses (MSM) and FEG supplemented with SPV in diet 1, GCM in diet 2 and CC in diet 3. In experiment 3, MSM and FEG were supplemented with compounded supplemental protein feeds with varying levels of gliricidia inclusion. Supplemental (GM) containing gliricidia, maize bran and NaCl were used in diet 1, GCM in diet 2 and supplemental (CM) containing CSC, maize bran and NaCl in diet 3. Degradabilities of experimental feeds were measured at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h by the nylon bag technique using two rumen fistulated steers (300±10 kg). Effective CP degradabilities of FEG in the three experiments varied (P&lt;0.05) with the supplements. In experiment 1, effective CP degradabilities of the supplements varied (P&lt;0.05) from 668.3 g kg-1 CP in CC to 722.1 g kg-1 CP in SPV and 743.7 g kg-1 CP in GCM. Effective rumen degradable protein (ERDP), digestible udegradable protein (DUP) and MP varied (P&lt;0.05) among the supplements. In experiment 2, effective CP degradabilities of the supplements did not vary but ERDP varied (P&lt;0.05) from 83.7 g kg-1 CP in SPV to 116.6 g kg-1 CP in GCM and 123.8 g kg-1 CP in CC and MP followed similar trends. In experiment 3, effective CP degradabilities of the supplements decreased (P&lt;0.05) with increasing gliricidia inclusion. ERDP increased (P&lt;0.05) with lower gliricidia while DUP varied (P&lt;0.05) from 18.2 g kg-1 CP in CM to 23.6 g kg-1 CP in GCM and 36.6 g kg-1 CP in GM. These data have shown that the majority of locally available feeds evaluated in this study are not similar in CP degradation characteristics and MP but compounded GCM is more suitable in providing degradable and undegradable protein for beef bulls in Uganda. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Cottonseed cake; Degradability; Fresh elephant grass; Gliricidia; Metabolisable protein; Supplemental protein; Sweet potato vines	Gliricidia; Ipomoea batatas; Micropus; Pennisetum glaucum; Pennisetum purpureum; Swinepox virus (STRAIN KASZA); Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34250209823	Effects of feed restriction on performance, carcass yield, relative organ weights and some linear body measurements of weaner rabbits	Yakubu A., Salako A.E., Ladokun A.O., Adua M.M., Bature T.U.K.	2007	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	6	4	None	Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Nasarawa State University, Shabu-Lafia Campus, Lafia, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Yakubu, A., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Nasarawa State University, Shabu-Lafia Campus, Lafia, Nigeria; Salako, A.E., Department of Animal Science, Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ladokun, A.O., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Nasarawa State University, Shabu-Lafia Campus, Lafia, Nigeria; Adua, M.M., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Nasarawa State University, Shabu-Lafia Campus, Lafia, Nigeria; Bature, T.U.K., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Nasarawa State University, Shabu-Lafia Campus, Lafia, Nigeria	Effects of feed restriction on performance, carcass yield, relative organ weights and some linear body measurements were investigated in weaner rabbits in a sub-humid environment in north central Nigeria. Twenty four weaner rabbits of mixed breeds and sexes with an average initial weight of 804.17±71.20g were used for the study which lasted six weeks. There were three dietary treatments consisting of diet A, ad libitum (24 hrs) feeding (control), diet B, 8 hrs per day feeding (7.00 a.m-3.00 p.m) and diet C, skip-a-day feeding. This feeding arrangement was carried out within the first five weeks of the experiment, after which all the animals in the three treatment groups were fed ad libitum for one week. Animals were fed pelletized commercial grower's feed supplemented with Centrosema pubescens. Drinking water was also supplied ad libitum throughout the duration of the experiment. Each treatment group was replicated four times while each replicate comprised two rabbits housed in the same cage. The initial and final body weights, feed conversion ratio, mortality, fasted weight, slaughter weight, carcass weight and dressing percentage were not significantly (p>0.05) affected by feed restriction. However, average weekly feed intake (454.94, 356.36 and 331.48g) and average weekly body weight gains (1137.50, 1127.50 and 1007.50g) were significantly (p<0.05) influenced; with higher values recorded among rabbits fed ad libitum compared to those on 8 hrs feeding per day and skip-a-day feeding respectively. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in relative weights of liver, kidneys, spleen and heart among the treatment groups. Significant difference (p<0.05) was found in the relative weight of lungs, with rabbits on 8 hrs feeding per day and those on skip-a-day feeding having an edge over those fed ad libitum (0.61 versus 0.50). There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in heart girth, body length, face length and ear length among the dietary treatments studied. The present results have indicated that feed restriction could be exploited in the feeding regimen of rabbits, especially in periods of inadequate supply of concentrates and forages. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007.	Body measurements; Carcass characteristics; Feed restriction; Performance; Weaner rabbits	drinking water; animal food; animal housing; animal tissue; anthropometry; article; body height; body weight; carcass; controlled study; diet restriction; diet supplementation; facies; feeding behavior; female; fluid intake; food availability; forage; heart volume; heart weight; humidity; kidney mass; liver weight; lung weight; male; mortality; Nigeria; nonhuman; organ weight; physical performance; rabbit; sex difference; spleen weight; weight gain; Animalia; Centrosema pubescens; Oryctolagus cuniculus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-19444385244	Evaluation of the F1 and backcrosses of Nigerian local pigs and the Large White for litter characteristics in Southwest Nigeria	Oseni S.	2005	Livestock Research for Rural Development	17	4	None	Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Oseni, S., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	A total of 823 farrowing records representing five genetic groups of pigs - Nigerian local pigs (NP), the Large White (LW), NPxLW, (NPxLW) xLW, and (NPxLW) xNP - were used to investigate the effect of pig genotype on litter performance under the humid tropical conditions of Southwestern Nigeria. Past data records spanning a period of 12 years (1979 - 1990) were collected from the Swine Unit of the University Research Farm, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Data were analyzed using least squares procedures. Effects in the model included genetic group of litter, year and season of farrowing, and genetic group x season of farrowing interaction. Traits evaluated included litter sizes and weights at farrowing and at weaning, including pre-weaning viability. Results showed significant effect of genetic group for all the litter traits studied. The crossbred groups were superior in most of the litter traits studied except litter birth weight where the LW purebred group recorded the heaviest litter weights. Season of farrowing affected litter performance traits in LWxLW, NPxLW and (NPxLW)xLW groups. In terms of pre-weaning viability, litters from the (NPxLW) xLW had 13.8% and 8.0% greater liveability at 42 days than litters from purebred NP and LW respectively.	Crossbreeding; Large White; Litter traits; Nigerian local pigs; Season	Pieris brassicae; Sus scrofa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749146538	Nutritive evaluation of some trees and browse species from Scotland	Odeyinka S.M., Hector B.L., Ørskov E.R.	2006	European Journal of Scientific Research	14	3	None	Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; The Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, United Kingdom	Odeyinka, S.M., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Hector, B.L., The Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, United Kingdom; Ørskov, E.R., The Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, United Kingdom	The nutritive value of twelve Scottish plants (trees, legumes and grasses): 1. Pinus sylvestris L., 2. Lolium perenne L., 3. Calluna vulgaris L., 4. Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr; 5. Chamaenerion angustifolium (L) Scop., 6. Luzula sylvatica, 7. Pseudotsuga menziesii F. Mirb., 8. Fagus sylvatica L., 9. Vaccinum myrtillus L., 10. Brassica oleracea, 11. Acer pseudoplatanus L., 12. Juncus effusus L. were determined using in vitro gas production, in sacco DM degradability and in vivo digestibility. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used in the gas production to determine presence of phenolic related antinutritive factor. Species had significant effect on in vitro gas production (P<0.001). B. oleracea produced significantly highest volume of gas while V. myrtillus produced the lowest volume of gas though no significant difference between it and that of P. sitchensis. There was significant increase in gas production with the addition of PEG (P<0.001) except in L. perenne and A. pseudoplatanus where the increase was not significant. Species had significant effect on DM degradability (P<0.001). B. oleracea had the highest % DM degradability and F. sylvatica the least. There were no significant differences in DM degradability of C. angustifolium; L. perenne and B. oleracea at the 96hr. F. sylvatica and C. vulgaris were the least degraded. Species had significant effect on dry matter (DM) digestibility in vivo. As with in sacco digestibility, B. oleracea had the highest in vivo digestibility while P. sitchensis and F. sylvatica were the least digested. The results suggest that B. oleracea, C. angustifolium, L. perenne, P. menziesii, J. effusus, L. sylvatica and A. pseudoplatanus from Scotland are more than 70% degradable and are useful as animal feeds. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2006.	In sacco degradability; In vitro gas production; In vivo digestibility; Scottish plants	None	None
None	None	Evaluation of Moringa oleifera leaf meal inclusion in cassava chip based diets fed to laying birds	Olugbemi T.S., Mutayoba S.K., Lekule F.P.	2010	Livestock Research for Rural Development	22	6	None	Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania	Olugbemi, T.S., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Nigeria; Mutayoba, S.K., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Lekule, F.P., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania	The feasibility of using Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) as an ingredient in cassava chip based diets fed to commercial egg strain chickens and its effects on their production and egg quality were investigated. Eighty laying birds comprising of ten birds per replicate and two replicates per treatment were assigned to four isocaloric and isonitrogenous dietary treatments. The diets comprised of Cassava Chips (CC) and MOLM combinations (CC0M0-0%CC, 0%MOLM; CC20M0-20%CC, 0%MOLM; CC20M5 - 20%CC, 5%MOLM; CC20M10 - 20%CC, 10%MOLM) in addition to other ingredients. A completely randomized design was employed. Feed intake, feed conversion ratio and laying percentage were not influenced by the inclusion of MOLM. The lowest egg weight was from the maize based group (CC0M0). Feed cost per kilogram and feed cost per kilogram egg produced declined with inclusion of MOLM. Albumen and yolk percentages were not influenced by the inclusion of MOLM. Eggs from birds on the 10% MOLM diets differed in Roche colour score (7.79) from those on the other diets. General acceptability of the cooked eggs was highest from the 10% MOLM group. Results of the study indicate that cassava chips can be fed whole to laying birds and the inclusion of MOLM at levels up to 10% in cassava chip based diets fed to commercial egg laying birds is possible and without negative effects in terms of egg quality parameters. The benefits of enhanced acceptability are equally an advantage of its inclusion.	Acceptability; Alternative feed ingredients; Egg quality; Production	Aves; Gallus gallus; Manihot esculenta; Moringa oleifera; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951744731	Effect of wet feeding on growth performance of broiler chickens in a hot climate	Dei H.K., Bumbie G.Z.	2011	British Poultry Science	52	1	10.1080/00071668.2010.540230	Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University for Development Studies, PO Box TL1882, Tamale, Ghana	Dei, H.K., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University for Development Studies, PO Box TL1882, Tamale, Ghana; Bumbie, G.Z., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University for Development Studies, PO Box TL1882, Tamale, Ghana	1. The Guinea Savanna in the tropics is characterised by high diurnal temperatures, often beyond the thermo-neutral zone of modern poultry, which imposes heat stress on them. 2. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of partially (12 h wet mash in the day and 12 h dry mash in the night) or wholly (24 h) feeding wet mash on the growth performance of broiler chickens. 3. Three treatments: dry mash (control), wet mash (day) + dry mash (night) and wet mash (day+night) were tested. At 28 d of age, a total of 120 broiler chickens (Hybro, Netherlands) were randomly divided, using a completely randomised design, into 12 groups of 10 birds, each with mean live weight of approximately 800 g/bird. A maize-soybean based grower mash (200 g CP/kg and 12·5 MJ/kg ME) was fed. The wet mash was prepared daily by addition of 1·3 parts of water to 1 part of dry mash and fed from 28 to 56 d of age. The birds were housed in raised-floor pens. Feed and water were given ad libitum and light provided 24 h. Mean daily room temperature was 28-29°C in the morning and 35-41°C in the afternoon. 4. Mean feed intake of birds fed the wet mash (174 g/day) or wet + dry mash (166 g/day) was higher than that of birds fed the dry mash (152 g/day). Mean live weight gain of birds fed the wet mash (64 g/day) or wet + dry mash (64 g/day) was higher than that of birds fed the dry mash (58 g/day). There were no differences in gain/feed ratios (0·38-0·39) of any of the treatments, neither were there any differences between the feeding of wet mash partly or wholly for all variables. 5. It was concluded that wet feeding, particularly during day-time, had the potential to improve growth performance of broiler chickens in a hot climate. © 2011 British Poultry Science Ltd.	None	water; animal; animal food; article; chicken; eating; evaluation; Ghana; growth, development and aging; maize; metabolism; physiological stress; soybean; tropic climate; weight gain; Animal Feed; Animals; Chickens; Eating; Ghana; Soybeans; Stress, Physiological; Tropical Climate; Water; Weight Gain; Zea mays; Aves; Gallus gallus; Glycine max; Zea mays; Aves; Gallus gallus; Glycine max; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33747359079	Effects of partial replacement of soyabean meal with bread fruit (Artocarpus altilis) seed meal in broiler finisher diets on their performance, water consumption, nitrogen retention and carcass characteristics	Nwokoro S.O., Obasuyi J.O.I.	2006	International Journal of Poultry Science	5	5	10.3923/ijps.2006.404.407	Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Agriculture Services Department, Edo State Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, GRA, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria	Nwokoro, S.O., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Obasuyi, J.O.I., Agriculture Services Department, Edo State Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, GRA, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria	The study was carried out to determine the effects of partial replacement of soyabean meal in broiler finisher chickens diets with breadfruit seed meal on their performances, nitrogen retention and carcass characteristics. 300, four weeks old broiler chickens were divided into 15 replicates of twenty birds each such that three replicates were allocated to a diet. The diet (2900kcalMEkg -1 and 20%CP were formulated such that 26.7% of soyabean meal in the control diet were partially replaced with breadfruit meal at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 percent (weight- for- weight). The birds were fed and watered ad libitum. Results emanating from the study indicated that final body weight, weight gain, feed intake, water intake, nitrogen retention, eviscerated carcass weights and head portion were significantly (P&lt;0.05) affected by dietary treatments. Apart from the nitrogen retention and head portion, the control diet (diet 1) recorded the highest values and there were significant (P&lt;0.05) decrease between diet 1 (0) and diet 5 (40%). The best feed per gain ratio, dressing percentage and nitrogen retention were recorded in diets 1 (0), 1(0) and 3(30) respectively. There were significant increases in nitrogen retention between diet 1 and 3, followed by significant decreasing order thereafter. Higher level of breadfruit seed meal replacement beyond 30% seems not to favour the broiler finisher chickens under the conditions of the study. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.	Breadfruit seed meal; Broiler diet; Soyabean meal	Artocarpus altilis; Aves; Gallus gallus; Glycine max	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-27744516642	Effect of replacement of maize with cassava peel in cockerel diets on performance and carcass characteristics	Nwokoro S.O., Ekhosuehi E.I.	2005	Tropical Animal Health and Production	37	6	10.1007/s11250-005-6844-9	Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, Nigeria	Nwokoro, S.O., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, Nigeria; Ekhosuehi, E.I., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, Nigeria	[No abstract available]	Cyanide; Dressing percentage; Feed consumption; Nitrogen retention; Weight gain	animal; animal food; article; body composition; body constitution; caloric intake; cassava; chicken; growth, development and aging; maize; male; Nigeria; nutritional requirement; physiology; randomization; weight gain; Animal Feed; Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animals; Body Composition; Body Constitution; Chickens; Energy Intake; Male; Manihot; Nigeria; Nutritional Requirements; Random Allocation; Weight Gain; Zea mays; Manihot esculenta; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749604249	Evaluation of sun and oven-dried broiler offal meal as replacement for fishmeal in broiler and layer rations	Isika M.A., Eneji C.A., Agiang E.A.	2006	International Journal of Poultry Science	5	7	10.3923/ijps.2006.646.650	Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production and Health, P O Luyengo Campus, University of Swaziland, Swaziland	Isika, M.A., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria, Department of Animal Production and Health, P O Luyengo Campus, University of Swaziland, Swaziland; Eneji, C.A., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Agiang, E.A., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria	Two feeding trails were conducted to determine the replacement value of broiler offal meal for fishmeal, if it is processed by oven-drying in addition to sun-drying. Fishmeal was replaced at the rate of 0%, 50%, and 100% with sun and oven dried offal meal (SOBOM) in broiler and layer diets each. While the broiler rations had 230g/kg crude protein and 2906 Kcal/kg of metabolizable energy, the layer diets had 175g/kg crude protein and 2700 Kcal/kg of metabolizable energy in a completely randomized designed experiment. The three treatments were replicated thrice in experiment I using 315 Anak 2000 broiler chicks, while experiment II had 360, 32-week Lohmann brown layers. The birds were randomly assigned to three treatments with three replicates in each group. The broiler results showed that, the body weight and feed conversion ratio were significantly (P<0.05) superior in birds fed with fishmeal than those on SOBOM diets. However, in the layers; hen-day production, egg-size, shell thickness, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were statistically similar in all groups. The study showed that broiler offal meal was inferior to fishmeal in broiler performance, but was comparable even at 100% replacement level for layers performance. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.	Broiler offal; Broilers; Fishmeal; Layers; Performance; Processing	Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34249780817	Nutritional evaluation of the horse eye bean (Mucuna urens): Effect of processing on the chemical composition	Umoren U.E., Effiong O.O., Akpan I.E.	2007	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	5	2	None	Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar, Nigeria	Umoren, U.E., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar, Nigeria; Effiong, O.O., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar, Nigeria; Akpan, I.E., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar, Nigeria	Nutritional evaluation of the horse eye bean (Mucuna urens) was carried out to study the effect of different processing methods (autoclaving, cooking, roasting and germination) on its chemical composition. Results indicated that processing methods significantly (p<0.05) increased the chemical composition of M. urens. Crude protein ranged from 24.25% in the raw to 27.00% in autoclaved sample. Crude fibre was least (3.50%) in germinated but highest (4.48%) in cooked Mucuna urens. Ether extract varied from 6.17% in cooked to 11.20% in autoclaved sample; ash ranged from 1.37% in roasted to 1.97% in germinated horse eye bean. Nitrogen-free extract varied from 55.32% in autoclaved to 62.92% in cooked sample. Autoclaving, roasting and cooking (thermal methods) resulted in significantly (p<0.05) lower levels of methionine, cystine, lysine and anti-nutritional factors (HCN, oxalate, phytate and tannins), but led to an increase in the levels of copper and zinc, essential microelements. It was concluded from the study that processing of Mucuna urens by cooking, autoclaving and roasting, though desirable, will lead to reduction in the levels of some essential amino acids.	Chemical composition; Horse eye bean; Nutritional evaluation; Processing methods	Equidae; Mucuna; Mucuna urens	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547212751	Effect of replacement of maize with earth ball (Icacinia manni) meal on the performance of broiler chickens	Umoren U.E., Isika M.A., Asanga E.P., Ezeigwe P.N.	2007	Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences	10	14	None	Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production and Health, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Swaziland, Swaziland	Umoren, U.E., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar, Nigeria; Isika, M.A., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar, Nigeria, Department of Animal Production and Health, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Swaziland, Swaziland; Asanga, E.P., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar, Nigeria; Ezeigwe, P.N., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar, Nigeria	The aim of the study was to assess the replacement value of earth ball for maize in broiler diets. A feeding trial was conducted for eight weeks using 220 unsexed Anak 2000 broiler chickens in a completely randomized design to assess the effect of replacement of maize with Icacinia manni meal at 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60% on the performance. The diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric, containing 24% crude protein and 3095 Kcal kg -1 ME in the starter ration and 21% crude protein and 3204 Kcal kg -1 ME in the finisher mash. The birds were randomly distributed into 5 treatments with two replicates containing 22 birds each making a total of 44 birds per treatment. Results showed that in the starter phase, dietary treatments had significantly (p&lt;0.05) least feed intake, body weight gain in the 45 and 60% Icacinia manni meal diets, but not significantly (p&gt;0.05) different in mortality and feed conversion ratio. Significant differences (p&lt;0.05) were also observed in feed intake and body weight gain in the finisher phase. Birds on 0 and 15% Icacinia manni meal diets consumed more feed and were heavier (p&lt;0.05) than those on 30, 45 and 60% Icacinia meal diets. Mortality and feed conversion ratio were not significantly different (p&gt;0.05) at the finisher phase. Birds on 0 and 15% Icacinia meal inclusion exhibited significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher dressed weight, kidney, liver, lung, shank, intestine, neck and gizzard weights. The study concludes that Icacinia manni meal could replace maize up to 15% in broiler diets without deleterious effect on performance, which holds great potential as feed ingredient in poultry nutrition. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Carcass; Feeding trial; Icacinia manni meal; Organ mass; Performance	animal; animal food; article; chicken; feeding behavior; growth, development and aging; maize; physiology; Animal Feed; Animals; Chickens; Feeding Behavior; Zea mays; Aves; Gallus gallus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879272116	Nutritional evaluation of alkali treated neem kernel cake fed to fattening Uda rams	Aruwayo A., Maigandi S.A., Malami B.S., Daneji A.I., Saulawa L.A., Garba M.G.	2013	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	12	3	None	Department of Animal Science, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria; Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University, Dutsin-Ma, Katsina Stat	Aruwayo, A., Department of Animal Science, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria; Maigandi, S.A., Department of Animal Science, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria; Malami, B.S., Department of Animal Science, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria; Daneji, A.I., Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria; Saulawa, L.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University, Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria; Garba, M.G., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University, Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria	The study was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of fattening Uda rams fed Alkali treated neem kernel cake. The experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of Usmanu Danfodiyo University. Sixteen Uda rams were randomly allotted to treatment diets A, B, C and D with 0, 8.33, 16.67 and 24.99% levels of inclusion of ATNKC, respectively. The study lasted for 105 days consisting of 84 days feeding trial and 21 days of digestibility trial which comprised of 14 days for adaption and seven days for collection of feaces. The dry matter digestibility for all the nutrients in the control and test diets was comparable. The performance of the sheep in treatment B recorded the best ADG of 166.67g/day and highest dry matter intake in treatment A. It was recommended in the study that alkali treated neem kernel cake can be safely included in feed of sheep up to 24.99% for the rams. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2013.	Alkaline treated neem kernel cake; Azadirone and nimbin; Uda lambs	alkali; animal experiment; animal food; article; Azadirachta indica; biomass; body growth; controlled study; diet supplementation; feces analysis; food safety; male; neem kernel cake; Nigeria; nonhuman; nutrient uptake; nutritional value; ram (sheep); randomization; Azadirachta indica; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646406811	Performance and cost evaluation of substituting rubber seed cake for groundnut cake in diets of growing pigs	Madubuike F.N., Ekenyem B.U., Obih T.K.O.	2006	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	5	1	10.3923/pjn.2006.59.61	Department of Animal Science, Imo State University, P.M.B. 2000, Owerri, Nigeria	Madubuike, F.N., Department of Animal Science, Imo State University, P.M.B. 2000, Owerri, Nigeria; Ekenyem, B.U., Department of Animal Science, Imo State University, P.M.B. 2000, Owerri, Nigeria; Obih, T.K.O., Department of Animal Science, Imo State University, P.M.B. 2000, Owerri, Nigeria	Thirty six weeks old (Large white X Landrace) hybrid weaner pigs (fifteen females and fifteen males) were used in a 12-week experiment to determine the cost effectiveness of substituting rubber seed cake for groundnut cake on the growth rate of weaner pigs. Graded levels of rubber seed cake (0%, 25%, 50%, 70% and 100%) replaced corresponding levels of groundnut cake in five Iso-Nitrogenous and Iso-caloric treatments (A, B, C, D and E) respectively which were further replicated three times in a completely randomized design. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum to the experimental pigs while medication (wormers) were administered to maintain good health. Feed intake was recorded everyday while body weight was taken every week in all the treatments. The average weight of pigs at eighteen (18) weeks were 40.30c, 41.70bc, 39.30c, 41.80b and 47.20a for treatments A, B, C, D, E respectively while the average feed cost (naira) per kilogram of pork gained were N86.95a, N77.47b, N84.04a, N68.00bc and N56.56c for treatments A, B, C, D, and E respectively. Results showed that treatment E had both significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher weight gain and lowest cost of production. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.	Groundnut cake; Growing pigs; Rubber seed cake	animal experiment; animal food; article; body weight; controlled study; cost; cost control; diet supplementation; food composition; food intake; nonhuman; nutrient supply; nutritional health; nutritional value; peanut; pig farming; randomization; statistical significance; weight gain; Animalia; Arachis hypogaea; Pieris brassicae; Sus scrofa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919718771	Growth performance of crossbred naked neck and normal feathered laying hens kept in tropical villages	Adomako K., Olympio O.S., Hagan J.K., Hamidu J.A.	2014	British Poultry Science	55	6	10.1080/00071668.2014.960805	Department of Animal Science, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Animal Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	Adomako, K., Department of Animal Science, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana; Olympio, O.S., Department of Animal Science, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana; Hagan, J.K., Department of Animal Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Hamidu, J.A., Department of Animal Science, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana	Abstract: 1. Two experiments were conducted to develop naked neck (Na/na) and normal feathered (na/na) crossbreds and compare their growth performance, linear body measurements and carcass characteristics in the first and second filial generations.2. In the first experiment, 4 indigenous naked neck males (Na/na) were mated to 36 Lohmann commercial females (na/na) in a ratio of 1:9. The two genotypes (Na/na, na/na) were allocated randomly according to batches of hatch, sire lines and sex to three different villages.3. In the second experiment, 10 males and 100 females of F1 Na/na birds were selected and mated inter se in a ratio of 1:10. The three genotypes (Na/Na, Na/na and na/na) were compared in a randomised complete block design experiment, with the three villages, hatch and sex as blocks and the three genotypes as treatments. F1 Na/na birds had significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) feed conversion ratio, body weight, body weight gain, linear body measurements, survivability and carcass yield than their na/na counterparts.4. In the F2 generation, Na/Na and Na/na birds had significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) feed conversion ratio, body weight, body weight gain, linear body measurements, survivability and carcass yield compared to their na/na counterparts.5. The birds showing the naked neck phenotype appeared to show superior performance compared to normal feathered birds and could be exploited for potential utilisation in local poultry production. © 2014, © 2014 British Poultry Science Ltd.	None	Aves; anatomy and histology; animal; animal husbandry; body weight; chicken; feather; female; genetics; Ghana; growth, development and aging; hybridization; male; neck; physiology; tropic climate; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Feathers; Female; Ghana; Hybridization, Genetic; Male; Neck; Tropical Climate	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861039633	Evaluation of nutritional quality of dried cashew nut testa using laboratory rat as a model for pigs	Donkoh A., Attoh-Kotoku V., Osei Kwame R., Gascar R.	2012	The Scientific World Journal	2012	None	10.1100/2012/984249	Department of Animal Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; College of Agriculture and Integrated Development Studies, Cuttington University, Suakoko, Bong County, Liberia	Donkoh, A., Department of Animal Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, College of Agriculture and Integrated Development Studies, Cuttington University, Suakoko, Bong County, Liberia; Attoh-Kotoku, V., Department of Animal Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Osei Kwame, R., Department of Animal Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Gascar, R., Department of Animal Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Dried cashew nut testa (DCNT) was characterized with respect to proximate, mineral, and energy profile. The crude protein, crude fibre, and fat and ash contents were, in gkg-1DM, 190.0, 103.0, 20.1, and 20.2, respectively, with metabolizable energy of 7.12MJkg-1DM. In a feeding trial, isoproteic diets containing DCNT (O, 50, 100, and 150gkg-1) were fed ad libitum to 4 groups of Sprague-Dawley male rats (110g body weight, n=20) for a period of 4 weeks. The rats, used as model for pigs, had free access to water. As the dietary DCNT content was increased from 0 to 150gkg -1, there was a significant (P&lt;0.01) decrease in feed intake (r=-0.99), water intake (r=-0.87), and a reduction in body weight gain (r=-0.93) and efficiency of feed utilization (r=0.78). However, no deaths or health-related problems were recorded during the study. Dietary treatments had no impact on liver, heart, lungs, kidneys, and intestinal weights. Cost per gram feed and feed cost per gram live weight gain were reduced when DCNT was used. The experimental diet containing 50gDCNTkg-1 supported the best growth performance with the lowest feed cost per gram live weight gain of GHc0.18. Seasonal increases in the prices of conventional feedstuffs like maize and fishmeal would make the use of agroindustrial by-products such as DCNT in pig diets even more attractive. © 2012 Armstrong Donkoh et al.	None	animal experiment; animal food; animal tissue; article; cashew nut; controlled study; dietary fiber; dietary intake; experimental rat; fat content; fluid intake; heart weight; intestine; kidney mass; liver weight; lung weight; male; nonhuman; nutritional value; protein content; rat; swine; weight gain; Anacardium; animal; animal food; animal model; body weight; caloric intake; chemistry; dietary fiber; drinking; drug effect; economics; evaluation; maize; nut; nutritional value; plant seed; Sprague Dawley rat; Anacardium occidentale; Rattus; Rattus norvegicus; Suidae; Zea mays; calcium; magnesium; plant extract; vegetable protein; Anacardium; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Body Weight; Calcium; Dietary Fiber; Drinking; Energy Intake; Magnesium; Male; Models, Animal; Nutritive Value; Nuts; Plant Extracts; Plant Proteins; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Seeds; Swine; Weight Gain; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-51149099012	Indigenous chicken flocks of Eastern Uganda: I. Productivity, management and strategies for better performance	Kugonza D.R., Kyarisiima C.C., Iisa A.	2008	Livestock Research for Rural Development	20	9	None	Department of Animal Science, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda	Kugonza, D.R., Department of Animal Science, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Kyarisiima, C.C., Department of Animal Science, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Iisa, A., Department of Animal Science, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda	A study was conducted to determine the productivity and management of indigenous chickens of Kumi district in Eastern Uganda. Eighty households were randomly selected to respond to a standard questionnaire. The average flock size per household was three cocks, six hens and four chicks. Sexual maturity is attained at 5.5 and 6.5 months among male and female chickens respectively, with age at first egg ranging between 5.5-7 months. Egg hatchability varied widely between farmers with an overall mean of 90%. Clutch sizes ranged between 4-19 eggs per clutch, with a mean of 13 eggs. Chickens were acquired through purchase (65.6%), gifts (26.3%), or in exchange for labour. Scavenging was the major feeding system, seasonally supplemented with cereal grain. The majority of the farmers (87.5%) provided birds with drinking water. Death of chicks was prevalent (73%) and was mainly attributed to Newcastle disease (70%), with most of the mortality being observed during the dry season (62%). Survival of chickens was significantly affected (P<0.001) by feeding level, and strongly correlated (r = 0.83) with the housing system. Housing and feeding had significant effects on duration between laying cycles (P<0.001), how chickens were acquired (P<0.01), and the uses to which the chickens were put (P<0.001). Chickens and eggs are mainly used to generate household income and for home consumption. In some households, chickens are exchanged for goats and subsequently, for cattle. Our findings indicate that the indigenous chicken is a major resource in Teso, Uganda. The performance of these indigenous chickens would significantly improve with better feeding, housing and health management. Chicken farmers should be empowered through training and provision of capital credit, the latter of which should be well informed by data on the chicken production cycle.	Eggs; Feeding; Health households; Nutrition; Rural; Scavenging	Aves; Bos; Capra hircus; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57449096189	Evaluation of the nutritional value of boiled Java plum beans in broiler chick diets	Ndyomugyenyi E.K., Kyarisiima C.C., Bareeba F.B., Okot M.W.	2008	Livestock Research for Rural Development	20	12	None	Department of Animal Science, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Animal Science, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda	Ndyomugyenyi, E.K., Department of Animal Science, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Kyarisiima, C.C., Department of Animal Science, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Bareeba, F.B., Department of Animal Science, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Okot, M.W., Department of Animal Science, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda	In Uganda, the price of maize as the main source of energy in poultry feed is prohibitive due to its scarcity and competitiveness. Therefore, research is required to study the nutritional value of alternative energy feedstuffs such as Java plum (Syzygium cumini) beans (JPB). Chemical analysis and one feeding trial were conducted to assess the nutritional value of boiled Java plum beans (BJPB) in broiler chick diets. In the feeding trial, boiled Java plum bean meal (BJPBM) substituted maize meal (MM) by 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% in broiler starter diets. The BJPB had dry matter (DM) content of 85.0±2.03%, nitrogen free extract (NFE) of 72.9±1.95%, calculated metabolisable energy (ME) of 13.3±0.25MJ/kg, crude protein (CP) of 4.23±0.48%, ether extract (EE) of 1.05±0.17%, crude fibre (CF) of 5.06±0.72%, ash of 1.75±0.11%, phosphorus (P) of 0.11±0.02% and calcium (Ca) of 0.05±0.01%. In the feeding trial, diets with BJPBM significantly (P < 0.05) depressed chick growth. Feed intake was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced above 25% replacement rate whereas feed efficiency did not change much. There was no mortality in the control treatment and at 25% boiled Java plum bean-maize replacement rate. The study showed that BJPBM cannot replace MM in broiler starter diets without deleterious effects on the birds. The boiling treatment did not improve the nutritional value of JPB.	Boiling treatment; Feedstuff; Maize; Poultry; Syzygium cumini; Uganda	Aves; Prunus domestica; Syzygium cumini; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-59549101414	Performance of growing indigenous goats fed diets based on urban market crop wastes	Katongole C.B., Sabiiti E.N., Bareeba F.B., Ledin I.	2009	Tropical Animal Health and Production	41	3	10.1007/s11250-008-9193-7	Department of Animal Science, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Crop Science, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7024, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden	Katongole, C.B., Department of Animal Science, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Sabiiti, E.N., Department of Crop Science, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Bareeba, F.B., Department of Animal Science, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Ledin, I., Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7024, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden	The effect of feeding diets including market crop wastes (sweet potato vines (Ipomoea batatas) and scarlet eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum)) on growth and digestibility was studied using 32 indigenous intact growing male goats. Adding elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum), maize bran and Leucaena leucocephala leaves, four isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets (Sweet potato vines, Solanum, Mixed and Control) were formulated. After the growth trial, 12 goats were randomly selected for a digestibility trial with the same diets, and 8 goats for a feed preference test comparing the market wastes and elephant grass. Crude protein (CP) intake was highest (P∈<∈0.05) for the Control (48 g/day) and lowest for the Sweet potato vines diet (23 g/day). Average daily gain was between 11.0 and 14.2 g/day, and similar between diets. The DM and CP digestibilities of the diets were 0.56 and 0.56 (Control), 0.62 and 0.56 (Mixed), 0.59 and 0.49 (Sweet potato vines), and 0.54 and 0.45 (Solanum), respectively. Faecal and urinary N excretions were highest in goats fed the Sweet potato vines and Solanum diets. Eggplant wastes were the least (P∈<∈0.05) preferred. On average the goats spent 5% of their 8-hour time eating eggplant wastes, 34% on sweet potato vines and 36% on elephant grass. Growth performance and N retention were low due to the low intake of feed, especially eggplant wastes. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Feed preference; Ipomoea batatas; Solanum aethiopicum; Urban market crop wastes	nitrogen; vegetable protein; animal; animal food; article; aubergine; chemistry; digestion; feces; goat; growth, development and aging; maize; male; metabolism; nutritional value; pearl millet; physiology; plant leaf; protein intake; randomization; sweet potato; Uganda; urine; weight gain; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Dietary Proteins; Digestion; Feces; Goats; Ipomoea batatas; Male; Nitrogen; Nutritive Value; Pennisetum; Plant Leaves; Plant Proteins; Random Allocation; Solanum melongena; Uganda; Weight Gain; Zea mays; Capra hircus; Ipomoea batatas; Leucaena leucocephala; Pennisetum glaucum; Pennisetum purpureum; Solanum; Solanum aethiopicum; Solanum melongena; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-43749092561	Nutritional evaluation of a dehydrated shredded meat product, (Danbunama)	Ogunsola O.O., Omojola A.B.	2008	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	7	4	10.3923/pjn.2008.554.556	Department of Animal Science, Meat Science Laboratory, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Ogunsola, O.O., Department of Animal Science, Meat Science Laboratory, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Omojola, A.B., Department of Animal Science, Meat Science Laboratory, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The qualitative effects of different oil types used in processing of danbunama, a dehydrated shredded meat product in relation to its palatability, physical, chemical and nutritional attributes are the focus of this study. The effect of different oil types on the sensory qualities of the product was carried out using semitendinosus part of beef. The three different oil types used, decolorized palm oleic oil (T1) local bleached palm oil (T2) and, pure groundnut-oil (T3)' were subjected to lipid oxidation analysis to determine the Thiobarbituric acid value (TBA) peroxide and acid values at 1st, 3rd, 6th and 9th weeks of storage. Sensory evaluation showed that there were no significant differences amongst the oil types used on the parameters tested for. The proximate'analysis of danbunama determined showed its moisture range to be 4.22-4.50%, crude protein% range of 38.9-43.5%, T1 differed significantly from that of T2 and T3, the crude fat% differed significantly for all oil types. Lipid oxidation in T3 (0.70±0.01) was significantly higher at week 6 while T1(0.81±0.01) recorded a significantly higher value at week 9. Danbunama can be prepared from any of the oil types and with proper packaging, the nutritional status of the product at week 1 does not significantly differ from that at week 9. The product is a nutritive meal or snack, easy to carry requiring no sophisticated packaging and is quite stable at room temperature. Rancidity will not pose a treat if good quality raw materials are utilized during processing. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008.	Danbunama; Nutrition and rancidity; Oil-types; Storage	acid; arachis oil; fat; palm oil; peroxide; protein; thiobarbituric acid; article; beef; controlled study; decolorization; food analysis; food packaging; food processing; food quality; food storage; lipid oxidation; meat; moisture; nutritional assessment; nutritional status; nutritional value; palatability; raw food; room temperature; sensory evaluation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84894287984	Evaluation of three mathematical functions to describe the relationship between body weight, body condition and testicular dimensions in yankasa sheep [Evaluación de tres funciones matemáticas para describir la relación entre peso corporal, condición corp	Yakubu A., Musa-Azara I.S.	2013	International Journal of Morphology	31	4	10.4067/S0717-95022013000400036	Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria	Yakubu, A., Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Musa-Azara, I.S., Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria	Body size and testicular measurements have been found to be important parameters utilized in breeding soundness evaluation. The present study therefore, aimed at determining the relationship between body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), testicular length (TL), testicular diameter (TD) and scrotal circumference (SC) in 120 extensively reared Yankasa rams (approximately 30 months old) using linear, quadratic and cubic predictive models. Coefficient of determination (R2), Adjusted R2, the estimate of Mallows' Cp, RMSE (Root mean squares error) and the parsimony principle (p=number of parameters) were used to compare the efficiency of the different models. Strong Pearson's correlation coefficients (r = 0.83-0.94; P&lt;0.01) were found between BW, TL, TD and SC. Spearman correlations between BCS and other variables were also highly significant (r = 0.78-0.85; P&lt;0.01). SC was the sole variable of utmost importance in estimating BW, which was best predicted using the cubic model. However, the optimal model for BW prediction comprised TD, SC and BCS with p, R2, Adjusted R2, RMSE and Cp values of 4, 0.948, 0.946, 1.673 and 4.85, respectively. The present findings could be exploited in husbandry and selection of breeding stock for sustainable sheep production especially within the resource-poor farming system under tropical and subtropical conditions.	Body condition; Body size; Rams; Regression models; Testicular measurements	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548476044	Effects of genotype and housing system on the laying performance of chickens in different seasons in the semi-humid tropics	Yakubu A., Salako A.E., Ige A.O.	2007	International Journal of Poultry Science	6	6	None	Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Shabu-Lafia Campus, P.M.B. 135, Lafia, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke, Akintola University of	Yakubu, A., Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Shabu-Lafia Campus, P.M.B. 135, Lafia, Nigeria; Salako, A.E., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ige, A.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke, Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	An experiment was designed to study the effects of genotype and housing system on the performance of two commercial layers, Bovans Brown and Lohmann Brown in the hot-dry and wet seasons in Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Six hundred, 27 week-old layers were used. One hundred and fifty birds of each strain were randomly assigned to the battery cage system, while another one hundred and fifty birds of each strain were managed on deep litter. The observation for the hot-dry and wet seasons lasted 2 months each respectively in the year 2004. Body weight, hen-housed egg production, egg weight and mortality rate were significantly better in Lohmann Brown than Bovans Brown (1.75±0.01kg vs. 1.69±0.01kg, 74.50±0.84% vs. 68.72±0.86%, 53.70±0.24g vs. 52.43±0.26g, 0.58±0.09% vs. 1.20±0.15%; p<0.05). Birds in cages were superior to those on deep litter in terms of hen-housed egg production, egg weight and mortality (74.06±0.75% vs. 69.16±1.02%, 53.40±0.24g vs. 52.73±0.29g, 0.68±0.10% vs. 1.10±0.15%; p<0.05). Generally, birds performed better in the wet than hot-dry season in body weight, hen-housed egg production, feed intake, egg weight, egg cracks and mortality (1.76±0.01kg vs. 1.68±0.01kg, 74.92±0.74% vs. 68.30±0.86%, 98.51±0.50g vs. 90.90±0.23g, 53.92±0.18g vs. 52.22±0.27g, 1.99±0.23% vs.5.12±0.39%, 0.55±0.08% vs. 1.22±0.15%; p<0.05). The interactions between genotypexhousing system, genotypexseason and housing systemxseason produced significant results. Proper housing design, provision of quality and adequate feeds and proper timing of the laying period were recommended. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007.	Exotic strains; Interaction; Management system; Performance parameters; Season	Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879275072	Effect of nutrase xyla® supplementation on growth performance of grower pigs fed low or high fibre diets	Alu S.E., Oluremi O.I.A., Kaankuka F.G.	2012	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	11	11	None	Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University, Shabu-Lafia Campus, Keffi, P.M.B. 135, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nige	Alu, S.E., Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University, Shabu-Lafia Campus, Keffi, P.M.B. 135, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Oluremi, O.I.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Kaankuka, F.G., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria	A 49-day feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of fibre and Nutrase xyla® enzyme supplementation on the growth performance of grower pigs. Sixteen Landrace x Large white cross bred pigs were used in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with 2 enzyme levels (0 and 100 ppm) and two dietary fibre levels (10 and 15%). Sixteen weaned crosses of Landrace x Large white piglets were used in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement having 2 enzyme levels (0 and 100 ppm) and 2 dietary fibre levels (10 and 15%). Four isonitrogenous (18% CP) experimental diets with marginal variation in caloric content tagged T1, T2, T3 and T4 were compounded. Treatments 1 and 2 contained 10% crude fibre level (low fibre), while treatments 3 and 4 contained about 15% crude fiber levels (high fibre). Treatments 1 and 3 served as the control diets for treatments 2 and 4, respectively. Performance data such as feed intake, initial weight and final weight were recorded and used to calculate weight gain, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, feed cost/kg and feed cost/unit weight gain. There were no significant (p>0.05) effects of dietary fibre levels and enzyme supplementation or their interactive effects on average daily feed intake, feed: gain ratio, protein efficiency ratio and feed cost per unit weight gain. The economic analyses revealed that the use of Nutrase xyla® at 100ppm in these diets resulted in increased feed cost but higher level of dietary fibre reduced the cost of feed. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2012.	Fibre; Grower pigs; Nutrase xyla®; Rice offal	enzyme; nutrase xyla; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal food; article; caloric intake; controlled study; cost; diet; diet supplementation; economic evaluation; feed converion ratio; fiber; food composition; growth rate; high fiber diet; low fiber diet; nonhuman; nutritional parameters; piglet; protein efficiency ratio; swine; test meal; weight gain; Pieris brassicae; Suidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650125653	Effect of maxigrain supplementation of diets with or without rice offal on the performance of broiler chicks	Duru S., Dafwang I.I.	2010	International Journal of Poultry Science	9	8	None	Department of Animal Science, Nigeria; National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Service, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Duru, S., Department of Animal Science, Nigeria; Dafwang, I.I., National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Service, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Three experiments were conducted concurrently to determine the effect of maxigrain supplementation of isocaloric diets with or without rice offal, the effect of maxigrain supplementation of diets containing rice offal at two levels of energy and the effect of maxigrain supplementation of diets in which the maize content was substituted with rice offal on a weight to weight basis. The experiments were conducted with 210 broilers from 2-5 weeks of age. Results showed that maxigrain supplementation did not have any effect on broiler performance when broilers were fed isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets with or without rice offal. Maxigrain supplementation improved the performance of broilers when added to low energy diets. The improvement in broiler performance was same at 0.1 and 0.2% maxigrain supplementation. The study confirmed earlier recommendations that rice offal can be fed at levels of up to 15% in broiler chick diets without adverse effect on growth performance and concluded that maxigrain enzyme supplementation may be beneficial only when added to diets containing lower than recommended energy and protein levels. © Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Energy levels; Maxigrain; Poultry feed; Rice offal	Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951738368	Effect of dietary garlic powder on layer performance, fecal bacterial load, and egg quality	Olobatoke R.Y., Mulugeta S.D.	2011	Poultry Science	90	3	10.3382/ps.2010-00736	Department of Animal Science, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mafikeng, 2735, South Africa	Olobatoke, R.Y., Department of Animal Science, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mafikeng, 2735, South Africa; Mulugeta, S.D., Department of Animal Science, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mafikeng, 2735, South Africa	This study was conducted to investigate the potential of garlic powder (GP) in improving production efficiency, egg quality, and gut health of laying hens. A total of seventy-two 30-wk-old Dekalb white strain hens were used. The live weight of the hens ranged between 1.71 and 2.12 kg. Hens were randomly allotted into 3 dietary treatment groups in a complete randomized design experiment. The 3 dietary treatments were control (no garlic addition) and 3 and 5% GP additions to a basal diet on weight:weight ratio basis. Egg production and feed consumption were recorded daily, and hen BW and internal quality of fresh eggs were assessed weekly. Fecal samples were assessed for total bacterial load. The results from this study revealed significant (P < 0.05) increases of 0.81 mm in albumen height and 2.71 Haugh units of fresh eggs at 3% GP addition. Egg and albumen weights increased significantly (P < 0.05) by 2.06 and 1.84 g, respectively, at 5% GP over the control treatment. Egg production decreased significantly at 5% GP following a decrease in feed consumption. Similarly, log bacterial count in feces showed a dose-dependent reduction as dietary GP increased. Organoleptic evaluation of eggs from treatment birds revealed a strong garlic flavor in eggs from 5% GP group compared with the control and 3% GP groups. Results of this study suggest that dietary GP improved egg weight and albumen quality with a strong garlic flavor at high dietary levels. © 2011 Poultry Science Association Inc.	Bacterial load; Egg quality; Garlic powder; Layer; Performance	animal; animal disease; animal food; article; chicken; diet; diet supplementation; egg; egg laying; feces; female; garlic; microbiology; standard; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Chickens; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Eggs; Feces; Female; Garlic; Oviposition; Allium sativum; Aves; Bacteria (microorganisms)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953326826	Evaluation of cactus pear fruit quality at Mara ADC, South Africa	Mokoboki K., Kgama T., Mmbi N.	2009	African Journal of Agricultural Research	4	1	None	Department of Animal Science, North West University, Private bag x 2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa; Mara Research Station, Private bag x 2467, Makhado, 0920, South Africa	Mokoboki, K., Department of Animal Science, North West University, Private bag x 2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa; Kgama, T., Mara Research Station, Private bag x 2467, Makhado, 0920, South Africa; Mmbi, N., Mara Research Station, Private bag x 2467, Makhado, 0920, South Africa	The present study was conducted to evaluate quality of different Cultivars of cactus pear traits in Mara Research Station. Seven Cultivars (Nepgen, R1251, Sharsheret, Cross X, Berg x Mexican, Santa Rosa, Morado) of cactus pear were planted in a completely randomized design. Orchard consisted of 10 plants per Cultivar planted in a single row. No irrigation supplementation was given and pruning, pad thinning were performed. Data on fruit quality traits were collected from two different years (2005 and 2006) and subjected to analysis of variance using the general linear model procedure of statistical analyses system (SAS). All Cultivars in the first year had peel thickness of less than 6.00 mm and in the second year more than 6.00 mm. All Cultivars in the year 2005 and 2006 except Berg x Mexican and Nepgen had the fruit mass of more than 120 g, recommended for international market. The mean fruit mass decreased from 143.4 g in the first year to 127.3 g in the second year. The decrease might be due to low rainfall and temperature. Due to a decrease in fruit length in the second year, fruit shape shifted from being elliptic to ovoid shape, however the equatorial diameter remained constant. Total soluble solids (TSS) content increased from 13.17 0Brix during the first year to 13.78 0Brix in the second year. It was then concluded that in each year, the fruit quality change as a function as the type of Cultivar. © 2009Academic Journals.	Cactus pear; Cultivars; Quality; South Africa	Cactaceae; Pyrus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34249907525	Family poultry, food security and the impact of HPAI	Sonaiya E.B.	2007	World's Poultry Science Journal	63	1	10.1079/WPS2006135	Department of Animal Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Osun State, Nigeria	Sonaiya, E.B., Department of Animal Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Osun State, Nigeria	Most rural households have poultry cared for by women, children and vulnerable people - the aged and physically challenged. Family poultry generate 19-50% of rural family income, make up about 77% of the national flock and contribute about 98% of poultry products consumed in the villages of developing countries. Households that accept innovation for semi-scavenging poultry production usually increase weekly consumption of eggs and meat. The importance of family poultry in assisting the landless poor and the destitute is reflected in many national poverty reduction strategy programmes which identify family poultry as one of the keys to accomplishing the millennium development goal of reducing the number of poor by half before 2015. There are few other alternatives in the livestock sector that can be used to reach so many poor people in rural areas. Wherever HPAI occurs in family poultry, it will wipe out the contribution of family poultry to family food security and to family income. While compensation and restocking are important, the greatest need of smallholder poultry producers faced with the challenge of HPAI is for information, knowledge and training for HPAI-safe family poultry production.	Avian influenza; Family poultry; Food security	Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57349155767	The effect of probiotics supplementation on the growth performance of two strains of cockerels	Fatufe A.A., Matanmi I.O.	2008	Journal of Central European Agriculture	9	3	None	Department of Animal Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Fatufe, A.A., Department of Animal Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Matanmi, I.O., Department of Animal Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	In a 2 x 3 factorial design, two hundred and seven 3 weeks old black (Bovan Nera) and white (Gold line) cockerels were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments. The basal diet was based on maize, soybean meal, groundnut cake and wheat offal. Probiotics replaced the wheat offal in Diets I, II and III in proportion of 0, 0.05 and 0.1%. Probiotics contained Lactobacillus acidophilus, Saccharomyces cerevisae and Saccharomyces boulardii. Each diet was offered to 3 pens of 12 black cockerels each or 3 pens of 11 white cockerels each. Starting chicken of both strains responded non-significantly to increasing probiotics concentration in feed intake, body weight gain, and feed/gain ratio. A non-significant interaction occurred between strain and dietary probiotics concentration for all response criteria. The slope of regression of body weight changes depending on age was higher for white than black.	Cockerels; Performance; Probiotics; Slope of regression; Strain	Arachis hypogaea; Glycine max; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Saccharomyces; Saccharomyces boulardii; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650691088	Egg production performance of first and second filial generation naked neck (NaNa, NaNa) and normal feathered (NaNa) birds of a cross between indigenous naked neck (NaNa, NaNa) males and exotic commercial females (NaNa)	Adomako K., Hagan J.K., Olympio O.S.	2010	Livestock Research for Rural Development	22	12	None	Department of Animal Science, P.M.B., KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Animal Science, P.M.B, UCC, Cape Coast, Ghana	Adomako, K., Department of Animal Science, P.M.B., KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana; Hagan, J.K., Department of Animal Science, P.M.B, UCC, Cape Coast, Ghana; Olympio, O.S., Department of Animal Science, P.M.B., KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana	An experiment was conducted to compare the laying performance of first and second filial generation birds (naked neck, Nana and NaNa and normal feathered, nana) of a cross between indigenous naked neck males (Nana) and exotic commercial females (nana) under semi-intensive system. The crossing produced offspring in the proportion of 48.7% Nana (390 birds) to 51.3% nana (410 birds) in the F1 generation. The two genotypes (Nana, nana) were compared in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) experiment, with the three villages, where the birds were raised, as blocks and the two genotypes (Nana, nana) as treatments. Each block had 240 birds, 120 each of Nana and nana layers. Nana birds were significantly (P<0.05) higher in number of eggs per clutch, hen-housed and hen-day rates of lay, egg size and survivability, than their nana counterparts. However, age at first egg and egg size to body weight ratio were significantly better in the nana birds compared to the Nana ones. In the second mating, males and females of F1 Nana birds were selected and mated inter se. This produced 16.8% NaNa (202 birds), 54.5% Nana (654 birds) and 28.7% nana (344 birds) offspring in the F2 generation and these were compared in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) experiment, with the three villages, where the birds were raised, as blocks and the three genotypes (NaNa, Nana and nana) as treatments. Each block had 270 birds, 90 each of NaNa, Nana and nana layers. It was observed that Nana and NaNa birds were significantly (P<0.05) higher in number of eggs per clutch, hen-housed and hen-day rates of lay, egg size and survivability. Using birds that show the naked neck phenotype in local chicken production will enhance egg production performance significantly.	Chicken; Clutch-size; Crossing; Hen-day; Hen-housed	Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84946023855	Effects of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seed powder and extract on performance of broiler chickens	Naeemasa M., Alaw Qotbi A.A., Seidavi A., Norris D., Brown D., Ginindza M.	2015	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	45	4	10.4314/sajas.v45i4.3	Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran; Department of Agricultural Economics and Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, South Africa	Naeemasa, M., Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran; Alaw Qotbi, A.A., Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran; Seidavi, A., Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran; Norris, D., Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran; Brown, D., Department of Agricultural Economics and Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, South Africa; Ginindza, M., Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran	This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of coriander (Coriandrum sativum) seed powder and extract on the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. A total of 420 day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were allocated randomly into seven treatments of 60 birds per group. Each treatment had four replicates (15 chicks per replicate). The trial was designed with seven treatments, consisting of a control diet without coriander, this is, the control group (CG); three treatments, which included the control diet plus three levels of coriander extract in water (750, 1000, and 1250 mg/kg); and the another three, which received the control diet plus three levels of coriander powder (1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5%). Performance parameters were monitored throughout the experimental period. At 21 - 42 d old, the inclusion of 952 mg/kg of coriander extract in drinking water maximized weight gain, while the feed intake of the experimental period (1 - 42 d) was maximized at the coriander powder level of 1.2%. Feed conversion ratios improved with the inclusion of coriander powder in the diet throughout the experimental period. These results suggest that coriander powder in the diet and coriander extract in water could replace synthetic antibiotics and could be regarded as natural feed additives and growth promoters in poultry diets.	Additives; Broiler; Herbs; Spices	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78049452618	Influence of housing systems on the performance and reproductive characteristics of wearner rabbits reared in port harcourt, rivers state, Nigeria	Ndor L., Owen O.J., Nyeche V.N.	2010	International Journal of Agriculture and Biology	12	6	None	Department of Animal Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Ndor, L., Department of Animal Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Owen, O.J., Department of Animal Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Nyeche, V.N., Department of Animal Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	A study was conducted to evaluate the performance of rabbits reared under three different housing systems; (a) conventional housing system (hutch, control), (b) non conventional housing system (deep litter system) and (c) another non conventional system (bare mud floor). The two non-conventional systems were adopted to conform to methods currently employed by ordinary peasants. The study lasted 28 weeks. A total number of 30 adult rabbits of the medium sized breed category of both sexes aged 5-6 months were assigned randomly to the groups:- A (control: cage system), B (deep litter-cemented floor) C (bare floor) each group comprising 7 females and 3 males. Several observations were made including conception rate, litter size, weight gain etc. Results obtained from the production parameters indicated a higher conception rate in group C (70.63%) over and above the cage system (49.00%) and the deep litter system (60.34%). The mean litter size, kindling rate and average number of animals weaned were also significantly different (P<0.05) in favor of the non-conventional housing systems. There was a significant difference in the age and weight at puberty, mean age between rabbits in the three different systems. Percentage pseudo-pregnancy was higher in the conventional housing system than in the non-conventional housing systems. Adult and litter mortality was higher in the conventional housing system than in the non-conventional housing systems, (cage 15%), deep litter 10% and bare mud floor 5%. Results of the production parameters showed significant difference in body weight (P<0.05) among rabbits reared under the three systems. For instance, average total weight gain was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the rabbits in floor system (0.68 kg) as against rabbits placed on deep litter system (0.52 kg) and that of cage system (0.59 kg). Comparative analysis of the production/reproduction parameters vis-â-vis production cost in the 3 groups favoured the non-conventional housing system (bare floor), which is cost effective in terms of production and also guarantees lower mortality and higher production. © 2010 Friends Science Publishers.	Production parameters; Rabbit housing; Rabbit reproduction	Animalia; Oryctolagus cuniculus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67649342384	Effects of refined petroleum product (kerosene) Flame and fumes on the performance of broiler chickens	Amakiri A.O., Owen O.J., Iboh I.I.	2009	International Journal of Poultry Science	8	2	10.3923/ijps.2009.188.191	Department of Animal Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Amakiri, A.O., Department of Animal Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Owen, O.J., Department of Animal Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Iboh, I.I., Department of Animal Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	An investigation was carried out to evaluate the effects of refined petroleum product (kerosene) flame on body weight gains, feed intake, feed conversion, mortality and internal organ weights (liver, lungs, kidney and heart) of broiler chickens. One hundred and twenty day old broiler birds (Aboika breed) were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups of 30 birds per treatment, replicated thrice with 10 birds per replicate using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Kerosene flame in a designed burner was placed 4, 8 and 12 metres from the birds respectively, which represented treatments 1, 2 and 3 while treatment 4 was in another poultry house without flame. The birds were fed ad-libitum on a proprietary starters mash for 5 weeks and a broiler finisher mash for 3 weeks. Water was provided ad-libitum. Routine inoculations and other medications were administered when due. Burning was from 6.00 am-10.00 pm daily for 56 days. Results indicated that the distances (treatments) did not significantly (p>0.05) affect mortality and organ weights. However, the flame distance significantly (p<0.05) affected weekly feed conversion, body weight gains and feed consumption. This research was a simulation of what obtains in a gas field, where gas flaring is carried out close to poultry farms and also to determine the impact of using kerosene in lanterns and stoves for brooding day old chickens. © Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Aboika breed; Broiler chickens; Kerosene; Performance	Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877077208	Evaluation of cost of medication of commercial broiler production in the tropics [Evaluación del costo de medicación en la producción comercial de pollos asaderos en los trópicos]	Wekhe S.N., Owen O.J., Amadi I.G.	2012	Revista Cientifica UDO Agricola	12	1	None	Department of Animal Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Wekhe, S.N., Department of Animal Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Owen, O.J., Department of Animal Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Amadi, I.G., Department of Animal Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Ninety (90), day-old Anak broiler birds were used to evaluate the cost of medication in commercial broiler production in the tropics in a study that lasted eight weeks. Three treatment groups were involved in the experiment: A control (No medication), B (routine prophylaxis) and C (routine vaccination and continuous coccidiostat). The experimental design employed was Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The birds were fed ad libitum and freely provided with drinking water. Daily feed intake and weekly body weight were recorded. Results showed that significant (P<0.05) differences existed in weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency. Treatment C had better production indices than treatments A and B. With respect to economic indices evaluated vis-à-vis cost of production/bird, relative cost/bird, total sales, mortality rate and gross margin; treatment C that recorded the highest cost of production/bird and relative cost/bird gave better total sales, mortality and gross margin among other treatments. It is therefore concluded that cost of prophylaxis did not adversely affect the production cost and it is necessary so as to safeguard against any sporadic or enzootic diseases that might by chance attack the flock and cause unprecedented loss of cash and meat.	Broiler birds; Cost; Losses; Prophylaxis; Vaccination	Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855198917	Influence of processing cassava peels on the hydrogen cyanide concentration, nutritive value and performance of growing rabbits	Olafadehan O.A., Olafadehan O.O., Obun C.O., Yusuf A.M., Adewumi M.K., Omotugba S.K., Daniel N.E.	2012	Tropical Animal Health and Production	44	2	10.1007/s11250-011-0016-x	Department of Animal Science, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria; Department of Basic Science, Federal College of Wildlife Management, Ne	Olafadehan, O.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria; Olafadehan, O.O., Department of Animal Production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria; Obun, C.O., Department of Animal Production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria; Yusuf, A.M., Department of Animal Production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria; Adewumi, M.K., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Omotugba, S.K., Department of Basic Science, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria; Daniel, N.E., Department of Animal Production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria	Forty-eight rabbits used to investigate the response of growing rabbits to diets containing differently processed cassava peel meals were divided into four groups balanced for sex and weight. These groups were then assigned at random to the experimental treatments. Four diets were formulated such that the diets contained 200 g/kg of the experimental feedstuffs, sun-dried cassava peel meal (S), ensiled cassava peel meal (E) and retted cassava peel meal (R), and the control did not contain any cassava peels. Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) concentration in the processed cassava peel meal was lower relative to the unprocessed meal. It was, however, lowest in R and highest in E. With the exception of S, fibre fractions were lower in the processed meal compared to the unprocessed meal. The E depressed (p< 0. 05) feed and digestible nutrient intakes, weight gain, nutrient digestibility, digestible protein (DP), digestible energy (DE) and DP/DE ratio but increased protein intake to gain and feed to gain ratios compared to other diets. Intake of HCN decreased (p< 0. 05) successively in this order: R, S and E. The results indicate that retting and sun-drying are more effective in cassava peel detoxification than ensiling, and dietary HCN concentration and intake of 56 and 4 mg/kg BW, respectively, were not toxic under the conditions of the experiment. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Cassava peel meal; Detoxification; Hydrogen cyanide; Performance; Rabbits; Toxicity	hydrogen cyanide; animal; animal food; article; body weight; caloric intake; chemistry; female; male; Manihot; metabolism; rabbit; randomization; Animal Feed; Animals; Body Weight; Energy Intake; Female; Hydrogen Cyanide; Male; Manihot; Rabbits; Random Allocation; Manihot esculenta; Oryctolagus cuniculus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-39749102765	Growth performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle fed different levels of macadamia oil cake	Acheampong-Boateng O., Mikasi M.S., Benyi K., Amey A.K.A.	2008	Tropical Animal Health and Production	40	3	10.1007/s11250-007-9076-3	Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; Department of Statistics, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa	Acheampong-Boateng, O., Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; Mikasi, M.S., Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; Benyi, K., Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; Amey, A.K.A., Department of Statistics, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa	Eighteen cattle (six Bonsmara males, seven Simmanteler x Beefmaster males and five Simmanteler x Beefmaster females) were assigned to three diets containing 0% (Control), 10% and 20% Macadamia oil cake to evaluate the effects of different levels of Macadamia oilcake (MOC) on feed intake, growth performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle. Differences in average feed intake were not significant (P>0.05). Average daily gains on the 0% and 20% MOC diets were not significantly different (P<0.05) but were significantly higher than the average gain on 10% MOC (P<0.05). The inclusion of 20% MOC increased feed conversion ratio significantly (P<0.05) compared with the other two treatments. The control group had significantly heavier warm carcasses than the 10% and 20% MOC groups and the 20% MOC group had significantly heavier carcasses than the 10% MOC group. The inclusion of MOC did not significantly affect the dressing percentage and conformation scores of the animals (P>0.05). There were no condemned livers, suggesting that either there were no toxic factors in the feed or, even if present, were probably inactive in the liver. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Carcass characteristics; Cattle; Growth performance; Macadamia oil cake	vegetable oil; animal; animal food; article; body composition; cattle; chemistry; dose response; drug effect; female; growth, development and aging; Macadamia; male; physiology; randomization; weight gain; Animal Feed; Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animals; Body Composition; Cattle; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Macadamia; Male; Plant Oils; Random Allocation; Weight Gain; Animalia; Bos; Macadamia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904577996	Evaluation of bovine rumen contents as a feed for lambs	Olafadehan O.A., Okunade S.A., Njidda A.A.	2014	Tropical Animal Health and Production	46	6	10.1007/s11250-014-0590-9	Department of Animal Science, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, Bayero University, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria	Olafadehan, O.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria; Okunade, S.A., Department of Animal Production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Nigeria; Njidda, A.A., Department of Animal Science, Bayero University, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria	This study evaluated effects of increasing levels of dried rumen contents (DRC) on voluntary intake, growth performance, digestibility, nutritive value, N utilization, microbial protein supply (MPS), and purine derivatives excretion (PDE) of lambs fed with Afzelia africana basal forage. Sixteen lambs (13.7 ± 0.1 kg body weight (BW)) were randomly assigned to one of the four eight diets containing 0, 200, 400 and 600 g DRC/kg dry matter (DM) in a completely random design. Intakes of concentrate, DM, crude protein (CP), organic matter (OM), digestible CP (DCP), digestible OM (DOM), digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME), CP and OM digestibility, DOM, DCP, DE, ME, N intake and retention, weight gain, cost/kg BW gain, MPS and PDE increased with increasing DRC level up to 400 g/kg DRC and declined at 600 g/kg DRC (P < 0.05; 0.01). Feed conversion ratio and DM digestibility declined as DRC level increased from 0 to 400 g/kg and peaked at 600 g/kg DRC (P < 0.05; 0.01). Forage intake and DE/DCP ratio decreased (P < 0.05; 0.01) progressively with increasing DRC level. Results indicate that DRC can be incorporated up to 400 g/kg in a compounded ration for sheep. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Lambs; Microbial protein; N utilization; Nutritive value; Rumen content; Weight gain	Afzelia africana; Bovinae; Ovis aries; nitrogen; analysis; analysis of variance; animal; animal food; animal food; animal husbandry; Bovinae; chemistry; controlled study; cost benefit analysis; diet; digestion; domestic sheep; growth, development and aging; metabolism; Nigeria; nutritional value; physiology; procedures; randomized controlled trial; ruminant stomach; stomach juice; veterinary; weight gain; Analysis of Variance; Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Cattle; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diet; Digestion; Gastrointestinal Contents; Nigeria; Nitrogen; Nutritive Value; Rumen; Sheep, Domestic; Weight Gain	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41949106268	Biochemical evaluation of millet offal as feeds for broiler chickens	Ezieshi E.V., Olomu J.M.	2008	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	7	3	None	Department of Animal Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Ezieshi, E.V., Department of Animal Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Olomu, J.M., Department of Animal Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Studies were conducted to chemically characterize and biologically evaluate millet offal as a replacement for maize in the diets of broiler chickens. Two types of millet offal were chemically characterized: the one obtained as a by-product of brewing industry and the other a by-product of pap manufacture. Studies were further carried out to further determine the effects of varying levels of millet offal obtained from the brewing industry on the performance of broiler chickens. The results of the studies indicated that millet offal from the brewery contained 14.60% CP, 4.57% CF, 2.25% EE, 2.90% Ash and 2148.Okcal/kg ME while the one from pap manufacture contained 20.65% CP, 3.12% CF, 3.01 % EE, 3.36% Ash and 2506.Okcal/kg ME. The results further indicated final body weight values of 602.02, 605.85, 605.83 and 561.72g/bird for starter chicks (5 weeks old) and 2283.7, 2192.2, 2145.9 and 1904.5g/bird for finisher chickens (9 weeks old). Generally, there was an increase in feed intake as dietary millet offal increased. Feed cost per bird generally decreased when millet offal replaced maize in the diets. Therefore, millet offal can be classified as medium energy and protein sources in poultry diets. Moreover, millet offal can replace up to 50% maize in the diet without any adverse performance of broiler chickens and at reduced cost of feed production. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008.	Feef for broiler; Maize; Millet offal	animal experiment; animal food; article; biochemistry; body weight; brewing; chicken; controlled study; cost control; energy metabolism; energy resource; feeding behavior; food analysis; food composition; food intake; maize; millet; nonhuman; physical performance; protein content; Aves; Gallus gallus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953306038	Nutritional evaluation of Ficus thonningii-Panicum maximum mixtures in West African dwarf goats	Bamikole M.A., Ikhatua U.J.	2010	Nutrition and Food Science	40	3	10.1108/00346651011043970	Department of Animal Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Bamikole, M.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Ikhatua, U.J., Department of Animal Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Purpose: The realization of the importance of browse in meeting the nutritional needs of ruminants in the dry season in the tropics has put a serious pressure on the already known browse plants. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the nutritive value of Ficus thonningii (FT), which is a less known fodder tree. Design/methodology/approach: A total of 25 West African dwarf goats (age range = 7-9 months, live weight range = 5.0-7.5 kg) were used for the study, and lasted for 98 days. FT was fed with Panicum maximum (PM) grass in different proportions of 0:100 (only grass), 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0 (only Ficus) to five groups of goats. A completely randomized design was used to collect data on feed intake, digestibility, weight gain and nitrogen utilization. Findings: Results showed that FT is higher in crude protein (CP) (20.51 per cent) and lower in neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (55.79 per cent) than PM (CP = 8.25 per cent, NDF = 76.16 per cent). Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), CP intakes (g/d/kg w0.75) improved significantly with more FT in the diet and were best in 75 per cent FT (values = 79.84, 76.72 and 14.78, respectively) and lowest in solely PM (corresponding values = 21.06, 18.21 and 1.59). Weight gain (g/d) patterned nutrient intake and were best in 50 and 75 per cent FT (mean = 14.78) and least in solely PM (5.36). Digestibility values were generally good, but highest in 50 per cent FT, similar in 25, 75 and 100 per cent FT and least in solely PM. Nitrogen balance (g/d) and retention (per cent) were highest and similar in both 50 and 75 per cent FT (mean = 4.8 and 48.79) and lowest in solely grass (0.24 and 14.25). Practical implications: FT displays no practical limitations to its utilization in ruminant feeding and could be used solely or in mixture with grass. Original/value: Being well consumed and utilized even as sole forage, FT will be a good insurance in alleviating feed scarcity problem for ruminant animals in the dry season. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Animal feed; Forage crops; Livestock; Nigeria; West Africa	Animalia; Bovidae; Capra hircus; Ficus thonningii; Panicum maximum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82855169392	Performance of growing grasscutters on different fibre sources	Wogar G.S.I.	2012	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	11	1	None	Department of Animal Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria	Wogar, G.S.I., Department of Animal Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria	Grasscutter meat constitutes an important source of much-needed animal protein. The grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus) is a wild herbivorous rodent found in the grasslands of Sub-Sahara Africa. It subsists mainly on grass and can digest almost any form of edible greenstuff. Intensive grasscutter production aims at achieving higher levels of DM intake through various vegetative and concentrate supplements to basal diet. The 15 weeks experiment evaluated the performance of twenty four (24) 13 weeks old growing grasscutters, allotted to four treatment groups of six animals each, which were fed diets containing four different fibre sources namely; wheat offal, palm kernel cake, maize sievates and a combination of equal amounts of all the fibre feedstuffs. The experiment involved two replicates per treatment and three growing grasscutters per replicate in a Completely Randomized Design. All the data was subjected to the analysis of variance. The performance of grasscutters, in respect of forage intake, concentrate intake, total feed intake and cost of feeding, was significantly (p<0.05) higher on the maize sievates than on other diets, while the rate of attainment of puberty was significantly (p<0.05) higher on the palm kernel cake than on other diets. These findings suggest that the performance of growing grasscutters was best on the palm kernel cake diet. Palm kernel cake can, therefore, be used as the preferred source of fibre for feeding growing grasscutters. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2012.	Different fibre sources; Fed; Growing grasscutters; Performance	Africa south of the Sahara; analysis of variance; animal experiment; animal food; article; controlled study; dietary fiber; digestion; food composition; foraging behavior; fruit; grass; grasscutter; herbivore; maize; nonhuman; palm; physical performance; puberty; rodent; weight gain; wheat	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-10044280158	Chemical evaluation of the seeds of Milletia obanensis	Umoren U.E., Essien A.I., Ukorebi B.A., Essien E.B.	2005	Food Chemistry	91	2	10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.08.029	Department of Animal Science, University of Calabar, Cross River, Nigeria; Snowbird Foods Ltd., Wharf Road, Ponders End, Middlesan, en 4TD, Enfield, Nigeria	Umoren, U.E., Department of Animal Science, University of Calabar, Cross River, Nigeria; Essien, A.I., Department of Animal Science, University of Calabar, Cross River, Nigeria; Ukorebi, B.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Calabar, Cross River, Nigeria; Essien, E.B., Snowbird Foods Ltd., Wharf Road, Ponders End, Middlesan, en 4TD, Enfield, Nigeria	A study was conduced to evaluate the nutritional potential of Milletia obanensis "Odudu" as a possible food or feedstuff and to assess the effect of various processing methods on its nutritional quality. Results of proximate analysis showed that the raw seeds contained 26.7% crude protein, 23.5% ether extract, 3.47% crude fibre, 4.37% ash and 42.0% nitrogen free extract. The protein was well supplied with essential and non-essential amino acids, though the values were low when compared with popular seed legumes. Minerals were in fair supply: P 3.10, Mg 92.30, K 45.25 and Fe 2.20 mg/100 g. Processing methods significantly (p<0.05) affected the nutritional composition. While autoclaving, boiling and toasting (heat treatment) increased the protein content, it reduced the levels of anti-nutritional factors-phytate, tannins, oxalates, cyanogenic glycosides and (slightly) saponin. Thus, it was concluded that M. obanensis seeds, if properly processed, could serve as livestock feed or food for man. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Amino acids; Antinutritional factors; Chemical evaluation; Milletia obanensis; Nutritional potential; Processing methods	essential amino acid; ether; glycoside; iron; magnesium; mineral; nitrogen; oxalic acid; phosphorus; phytate; potassium; saponin; tannin derivative; vegetable protein; analytic method; animal food; article; ash; autoclave; biochemical composition; controlled study; cooking; food; food processing; heat treatment; heating; intermethod comparison; legume; livestock; milletia obanensis; nonhuman; nutritional value; plant; plant fiber; plant seed; protein content; statistical significance; Fraxinus; Millettia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55249114640	Evaluation of earth-ball (Icacina manni) as energy replacement for maize in the diets of rats	Umoren U.E., Ukam V.E., Akpet S.O., Udoekong E.C.	2008	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	6	04-Mar	None	Department of Animal Science, University of Calabar, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science and Fisheries Production, Cross River University of Technology, Cross River State, Nigeria	Umoren, U.E., Department of Animal Science, University of Calabar, Nigeria; Ukam, V.E., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries Production, Cross River University of Technology, Cross River State, Nigeria; Akpet, S.O., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries Production, Cross River University of Technology, Cross River State, Nigeria; Udoekong, E.C., Department of Animal Science, University of Calabar, Nigeria	Eighty weanling male albino rats of Wistar strain 21±2 days old were used in a study to determine the replacement value of differently processed Icacina manni tuber meal for maize in their diets. Five dietary treatments in which maize was replaced with 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% Icacina tuber meal were formulated. The rats were randomly allotted to the five treatments with twenty rats per treatment of four rats per diet in a randomized complete block two-treatment factor analysis of variance. Results showed that daily feed intake, daily weight gain and feed efficiency decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing level of Icacina meal in 0, 24 and 48 hours fermented samples. Rats fed 72 hours fermented ration did not differ (p > 0.05) in feed intake, daily weight gain and feed efficiency up to the 50% level of replacement, from those on the control diet. Mortality was highest in the unfermented sample at even the least replacement level (25%). Serum parameters of differently processed Icacina meal diets examined at same level of replacement (75%), revealed that serum glucose and cholesterol were low compared to the control diet. The serum enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase) were higher (p < 0.01) in animals fed the unfermented sample than those on the control and other three fermented Icacina diets. It was concluded that fermented sun-dried Icacina tuber meal could replace maize in rat diets up to 75% without any adverse effects on performance.	Diets; Energy; Icacina manni; Maize; Rats; Replacement	Animalia; Icacina; Rattus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922076629	Growth and reproductive performance of two rabbit breeds reared under intensive system in Ghana	Apori S.O., Hagan J.K., Osei Y.D.	2014	Tropical Animal Health and Production	47	1	10.1007/s11250-014-0714-2	Department of Animal Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Animal Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Accra, Ghana	Apori, S.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Hagan, J.K., Department of Animal Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Osei, Y.D., Animal Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Accra, Ghana	A study on the growth and reproductive performance of two rabbit breeds was undertaken. Data on 588 kits and 97 does of California White and 574 kits and 90 does of New Zealand White rabbits reared under hot and humid environment in Ghana were taken. The reproductive performance of the two breeds, in terms of litter size at birth and weaning, litter weight at birth and weaning, kindling interval, age at sexual maturity, and gestation length as influenced by breed, season of kindling (rainy and dry), year of kindling (2005–2012), and parity (first to sixth and over) were determined. The performance of California White in terms of litter size at birth, at weaning, kit weight at birth, and age at first kindling was 5.9 ± 0.2, 4.6 ± 0.1, 54.7 ± 0.4 g, and 159.8 ± 0.2 days, respectively. That of New Zealand White was 5.9 ± 0.1, 5.1 ± 0.1, 55.2 ± 1.0 g, and 159.9 ± 0.2 days, respectively. The results obtained also showed a significant breed effects on kit weight at birth, litter weight at weaning, and mortality; whereas no significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between the two breeds regarding the other traits measured. Parity had significant effects (p < 0.05) on all the growth and reproductive parameters measured with the exception of age at first kindling. Year of kindling also had significant effect on litter weight at birth, kit weight at birth, and at weaning (p < 0.05) but did not have any significant effect on the age at sexual maturity and mortality. Season also had significant (p < 0.05) effects on kit weight at birth, gestation length, kindling interval, and mortality with better performance experienced during the rainy season. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	California White; Kits; Litter size; New Zealand White; Parity; Season	animal; animal husbandry; body weight; breeding; female; Ghana; litter size; parity; physiology; pregnancy; procedures; rabbit; reproduction; season; species difference; statistical model; weaning; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Body Weight; Breeding; Female; Ghana; Linear Models; Litter Size; Parity; Pregnancy; Rabbits; Reproduction; Seasons; Species Specificity; Weaning	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949664971	Effects of organic acid and probiotic on performance and gut morphology in broiler chickens	Agboola A.F., Omidiwura B.R.O., Odu O., Popoola I.O., Iyayi E.A.	2015	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	45	5	10.4314/sajas.v45i5.6	Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Agboola, A.F., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Omidiwura, B.R.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Odu, O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Popoola, I.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Iyayi, E.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The effects of organic acid, probiotic and a combination of the two on performance and gut morphology in broiler chickens were investigated. Two hundred and forty one-day-old Arbor Acre broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments with six replicates, each with eight birds. The treatments were basal diet (negative control, NC), basal diet + antibiotic (positive control (PC)), NC + 0.4% organic acid (OA), NC + 0.3% probiotic (PB) and NC + 0.4% OA and 0.3% PB. Reduced body weight gain (BWG) was recorded for birds on the NC diet at the starter phase and over the total period. The addition of OA significantly increased BWG compared to values obtained in birds on the NC and other diets. Diet had no effect on BWG at the grower phase or on feed intake, dry matter intake and feed conversion ratio in any growth phase. Gain : feed ratio was lowered in the NC diet, but improved significantly by OA and PB in the starter phase. Organic acid supplementation reduced the weight of the bursa of Fabricius. The weight of pancreas, height of villi and crypt depth were reduced in birds on the NC diet compared with those on OA, PB and a combination of these. Diet had no effects on the weights of the lungs, heart, spleen, kidneys, liver, villus width, villus height : crypt depth ratio, lactic acid bacteria, coliform bacteria and total bacterial count in any gut section. In conclusion, supplementation of broiler diets with OA and PB could improve their growth and gut morphology better than antibiotics would, with a greater positive effect in the starter phase.	Broiler chickens; Gut health; Organic acids; Performance; Probiotics	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952433913	Replacement effects of Panicum maximum with Ficus polita on performance of West African dwarf goats	Abegunde T.O., Akinsoyinu A.O.	2011	Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition	95	2	10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01040.x	Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Abegunde, T.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Akinsoyinu, A.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The replacement value of Ficus polita for Panicum maximum was evaluated on 32 female post-weaned West African dwarfs goats. Ficus polita was fed with P. maximum at different proportions of 0:90 (F. polita:P. maximum), 30:60, 60:30 and 90:0 constituting diets 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Each diet was supplemented with 10% cassava peels. Dry matter intake per kg metabolic weight of goats was not significantly (p>0.05) influenced by the dietary treatments. However, crude protein intake per kg metabolic weight was higher (p<0.05) in animals fed 60% and 90%F. polita than those fed sole P. maximum diet. Daily weight gain of goats fed diet 3 (60%F. polita) was higher (p<0.05) (27.3g) than those fed diets 4 (18.9g), 2 (20.8g) and the control (6.6g). Dry matter (DM), organic matter, crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre digestibilities were higher (p<0.05) in goats fed 60%F. polita than those fed other diets, except for DM digestibility which was statistically similar to diets 2 and 4 but higher than those fed diet 1 without F. polita. Organic matter and CP digestibility were highest (72.0 and 65.7% respectively) in animals fed 60%F. polita. Nitrogen retention of goats fed 60%F. polita (diet 3) was higher (p<0.05) than that obtained with other diets. The results suggest that feeding combination of F. polita and P. maximum at ratio 60:30 respectively has associative effects that can enhance growth rate, feed intake, nutrients digestibility and nitrogen utilization for goat production during dry season in the tropics. © 2010 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.	Digestion; Ficus polita; Goats; Growth; Panicum maximum	animal; animal disease; animal food; article; cassava; chemistry; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; diet; digestion; female; Ficus; goat; growth, development and aging; millet; randomized controlled trial; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Diet; Digestion; Female; Ficus; Goats; Manihot; Panicum; Animalia; Capra hircus; Manihot esculenta; Panicum maximum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052825092	Evaluation of ginger (Zingiber officinale) as a feed additive in broiler diets	Mohammed A.A., Yusuf M.	2011	Livestock Research for Rural Development	23	9	None	Department of Animal Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria	Mohammed, A.A., Department of Animal Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Yusuf, M., Department of Animal Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria	This study was carried out to evaluate ginger (Zingiber officinale) as a feed additive in broiler diets. Thus, eighty four day old Anak strain broiler chicks were fed on various levels of supplemental ginger in addition to a control diet (treatment1) without ginger inclusion. The treatments had 250g, 500g and 750g supplemental ginger inclusion per 100 kg diet respectively. There were no differences among treatments in all the performance parameters observed. Further studies should be carried out on the use of ginger as a feed additive in broiler diets.	Antibiotics; Broiler; Diets; Feed additives; Pro-nutrients	Zingiber officinale	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952611386	Effects of exposure duration to cottonseed cake-based diets on broiler performance	Adeyemo G.O.	2010	International Journal of Poultry Science	9	2	None	Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adeyemo, G.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Two experiments were separately conducted using cottonseed cake-based diets to feed table birds. In the first experiment (phase 1) broiler birds were fed from day old to 8 weeks of age, while in the second experiment (phase 2), the birds were fed cottonseed cake based diets from 4-8 weeks of age. Five dietary treatments were fed in both experiments formulated to be iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous with Cottonseed Cake (CSC) replacing Soyabean Cake (SBC) at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% respectively. The live weight of broilers in the phases differed significantly (p<0.05) with broilers in phase 2 being better. The dressed weight was higher in phase 2 than phase 1. Broilers fed CSC based diets from 4 weeks had better feed conversion ratio than those fed from day old. Similar trend was observed in haematological and serum biochemistry parameters in the different treatments of the two phases. It can be concluded that feeding CSC protein as replacement for SBC protein was better from 4 weeks of age in respect of broiler performance though at a higher cost than the former. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Broiler's diet; Cottonseed cake; Performance; Serum biochemistry	Aves; Glycine max; Micropus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859497377	Tocopherol supplementation on stocking density of broiler: Effect on performance characteristics and serum enzymes	Adebiyi O.A.	2011	Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems	14	2	None	Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adebiyi, O.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	A total of two hundred and seventy day-old Arbor Acre strain of broiler chicks were used for this research. Five treatment: T1 - positive control (10 birds/m2), T2 - negative control, T3, T4 and T5 had 20 birds/m2. T1 and T2 had no supplementation with vitamin E (d1-α-tocopheryl acetate). T3, T4 and T5 had 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 150 mg/kg vitamin E supplementations respectively. Feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and weight gain and serum enzymes (Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)) were determined. There were no significant changes in the weight gain and final weight of the birds fed the different dietary treatments. The feed intake increased significantly in birds fed T2 (1.91kg) and compared to their counterpart on vitamin E supplementation (from 1.58 to 1.60 kg). However, FCR of birds on diets T1 (2.50), T4 (2.77) and T5 (2.50) was similar (P>0.05). The total protein and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) values were neither affected by increased stocking density nor with or without vitamin E supplementation. However, increased stocking density without vitamin E supplementation (T2) (0.97 U.I/l) resulted in a significant reduction in the albumin values. Although ALT values increased significantly with increase in vitamin E supplementation, the birds on dietary T1 (8.00 U.I/l) had similar level of ALT with their counterpart on T4 (7.50U.I/l) and T5 (8.50 U.I/l). In conclusion broiler chicks could be stocked up to 20 birds/m2 only if the diet is supplemented with 100mg/kg vitamin E.	Broilers; Serum enzymes; Stock density; Vitamin E	Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879259946	Performance and digestibility of corncob and cowpea husk diets by West African Dwarf sheep	Ososanya T.O., Alabi B.O., Sorunke A.O.	2013	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	12	1	None	Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, College of Agriculture, Osun State University, Osun State, Nigeria	Ososanya, T.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Alabi, B.O., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, College of Agriculture, Osun State University, Osun State, Nigeria; Sorunke, A.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	In the tropics, dry season is characterized by shortage of feeds and staggered growth pattern of ruminants. Corncob (CC) and Cowpea Husk (CH), the by-products of maize and cowpea production respectively may be used as alternative feed resources for ruminants especially during dry season. Therefore, a ten week study was conducted to determine the effects of CC and CH based diets on performance of WAD sheep. In a randomized complete block design, sixteen WAD sheep were allotted to four dietary treatments: A (100% CC), B (66.7% CC + 33.3% CH), C (33.3% CC + 66.7% CH) and D (100% CH). The sheep were allotted to any of the four diets with four animals per treatment. Parameters measured include: dry matter intake, live weight changes, feed conversion ratio and nutrient digestibility. Results showed significant (p<0.05) differences in dry matter intake (22.04 kg in diet A to 41.07 kg in diet C) and LWG (4.14 g/day in diet A to 41.71 g/day in diet C) of sheep across the diets. Also, there were significant (p<0.05) differences in FCR across the diets. The FCR ranged from 14.06 in diet C to 45.68 in diet A. Nutrients digestibility increased with increasing level of cowpea husk in the diets. The DM digestibility value ranged from 65.24% in diet B to 85.04% in diet D. The CP digestibility was also highest in diet D (88.01%) and lowest in diet A (72.06%) while ADF, NDF and ADL were highest in diet C and lowest in diet B. Optimum weight gain and efficient utilization was achieved at 66.7% CH and 33.3% CC inclusion levels. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2013.	Corncob; Cowpea husk; Digestibility; Growth; WAD sheep	animal experiment; animal food; article; controlled study; corncob; cowpea; cowpea husk; dry matter intake; feed conversion ratio; female; food composition; maize; nonhuman; nutrient digestibility; nutritional parameters; plant residue; sheep; weight change; weight gain; Animalia; Ovis aries; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548850031	Performance assessment of pregnant ewes fed broiler litter as feed supplement	Ososanya T.O., Odedire J.A., Oyeyemi M.O.	2007	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	6	6	None	Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Surgery and Reproduction, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Ososanya, T.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Odedire, J.A., Department of Animal Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria; Oyeyemi, M.O., Department of Veterinary Surgery and Reproduction, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Four low cost feed samples were formulated using 0, 25, 50 and 75% levels of broiler litter processed into feed along with other feed ingredients. All the animals were dewormed using Ivermectin and dipped against ticks and fleas using diazintol. Estrus was artificially synchronized in all the animals using Prostaglandin 2F-alpha, the animals were mated with rams of known fertility and lineage bred. They were evaluated in a pregnancy and pre-weaning growth trial. All the ewes were weighed before pregnancy and bi-monthly thereafter until parturition. The parameters studied were weights before and after parturition, weight gain in pregnancy, weight changes in lactation and nursing, lambs birth weights and daily weight of lambs, dam's weight at weaning and gestation length. It was observed that weight at mating, weight before mating, weight at parturition, gestation length, weight gain in pregnancy, weight change in lactation and nursing, lambs birth weights and daily weight gain of lambs were significantly affected (p<0.05) while dam's weight at weaning and lambs' weaning weight were not affected (p>0.05). Results of this study indicate that inclusion of broiler litter up to 50% in feed mixtures of ewes has no deleterious effect on the performance and health status of ewes during pregnancy and lactation. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007.	Broiler litter; Ewes; Lactation; Parturition; Pregnancy	antiparasitic agent; diazintol; ivermectin; prostaglandin F2 alpha; unclassified drug; animal food; article; birth; birth weight; body weight; controlled study; estrus; ewe; female; flea; food composition; gestation period; health status; infestation; lactation; lamb; male; maternal nutrition; nonhuman; pregnancy; statistical significance; tick; weaning; weight change; weight gain; Animalia; Ixodida; Ovis aries; Siphonaptera (fleas)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-37349076935	Growth performance and nutrient digestibility of growing pigs fed a mixture of palm kernel meal and cassava peel meal	Fatufe A.A., Akanbi I.O., Saba G.A., Olowofeso O., Tewe O.O.	2007	Livestock Research for Rural Development	19	12	None	Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Fatufe, A.A., Department of Animal Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Akanbi, I.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Saba, G.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Olowofeso, O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Tewe, O.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	In a 42 days feeding trials, twenty growing crossbred pigs with mean initial body weights of 16 ± 0.8kg were assigned randomly to 5 dietary treatment groups of four pigs each. A basal diet was formulated. The basal diet was based on cassava flour, maize offals, soyabean meal and brewer's dried grain (BDG). A mixture of cassava peel meal and (CPM) and palm kernel meal (PKM) replaced the BDG fraction in the basal diet in the ratio 2:0, 0:2, 1:1 and 1.75:1.75 in diets II, III, IV and V respectively. Each diet was offered on ad libitum basis. Pigs were individually weighed on weekly basis until the end of the experiment. Daily voluntary feed intake was monitored. Growing pigs responded non-significantly (p> 0.05) to the mixture of different fibre sources in body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio except for feed intake, which varied significantly (p< 0.05). Data on final body weight was described using the linear regression method. The slope of regression of final body weight (y) (kg/pig/week) depending on weeks (kg/week) was highest on diet V (3.525 ± 0.1842) and lowest on diet II (2.074 ± 0.1742). Digestibility values also varied significantly (p< 0.05) with ether extract having the average digestibility value (%) of 90.32 and ash the lowest value of 53.60.	Additivity; Dietary fibre; Efficiency of utilisation; Weight gain	Glycine max; Manihot esculenta; Suidae; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951534213	Effect of dietary lipid sources on production performance of broilers	de Witt F.H., Els S.P., van der Merwe H.J., Hugo A., Fair M.D.	2009	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	39	SUPPL. 1	None	Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Science, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 399, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 399, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	de Witt, F.H., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Science, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 399, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Els, S.P., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Science, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 399, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; van der Merwe, H.J., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Science, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 399, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Hugo, A., Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 399, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Fair, M.D., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Science, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 399, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	A study was conducted to determine the influence of different dietary lipid sources and inclusion levels on production performance of male broilers. Eight isoenergetic (15.1 MJ AME/kg DM) and isonitrogenous (223 g CP/kg DM) diets were formulated, using high oleic sunflower oil (HO), sunflower oil (SO), fish oil (FO) and tallow (T) at a 30 g/kg and 60 g/kg dietary inclusion level. Eight hundred (800), day-old Ross 788 broiler males were randomly allocated to the eight treatments (n = 100) and were further subdivided into four replicates/treatment (n = 25). All birds receive a standard commercial diet for the first 14 days, where-after the experimental diets were fed for 28 days. Feed intake and body weights were recorded weekly, while mortalities were recorded and dead birds weighed daily. Mortalities were brought into consideration during the calculation of average daily feed intake (g feed/bird/day) and feed conversion ratio (g feed/g body weight gain). Contrary to saturated fatty acids (T), the inclusion of unsaturated fatty acids (HO, SO, FO) at a higher level (60 g/kg) resulted in a significantly improved FCR. It seems that the optimum dietary inclusion level of saturated fatty acids is lower (30 g/kg) than that of unsaturated sources. © South African Society for Animal Science.	Fatty acids; Feed efficiency; Inclusion level; Ross 788	Aves; Helianthus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247375625	The reproductive performance of breeder cocks fed cottonseed cake-based diets	Adeyemo G.O., Longe O.G., Adejumo D.O.	2007	International Journal of Poultry Science	6	2	None	Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Adeyemo, G.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Longe, O.G., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Adejumo, D.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Histology of the testes of breeder cocks fed replacement levels of 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100% of cottonseed meal (CSM) for soybean meal (SBM) in five different breeder diets for fifteen weeks were investigated in a completely randomized design. Chemical analyses were carried out to determine the crude protein (CP) and gossypol content of CSM. The 23 week-old breeder cocks were fed the experimental diets for 15 weeks, euthanized and their testes removed for histological studies. The determined CP and gossypol contents of CSM were 35.11% and 570 g/ton respectively. The daily sperm production (DSP) by the breeder cocks was depressed when CSM dietary inclusion was above 50% with DSP values ranging from 1.5×109 to 2.9×109/mL. The investigation showed that replacing 75% SBM with CSM was not injurious to the non-reproductive health of the breeder cocks. However, CSM may not replace more than 50% of SBM for breeder cocks because of the depressing effect of gossypol on sperm production when this level is exceeded. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007.	Breeder cocks; Cottonseed meal; Daily sperm production; Histology; Reproduction	Glycine max; Micropus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44449158880	Effects of cottonseed cake based diets on performance and egg quality characteristics of layers	Adeyemo G.O., Longe O.G.	2008	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	7	4	10.3923/pjn.2008.597.602	Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Adeyemo, G.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Longe, O.G., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	The study evaluated the performance of layers fed on diets in which Cottonseed cake (CSC) replaced Soybean cake (SBC) in five experimental rations such that 0% (control), 15%, 30%, 45% and 60% of CSC replaced SBC. The design of the experiment was completely randomized design (CRD). Chemical analysis was carried out to determine the crude protein (CP) and gossypol contents of CSC. In this experiment, seventy-five 23 week - old layers were fed with experimental layer diets for 12 weeks. Parameters evaluated include hen-day production (HDP), Feed conversion ratio (FCR), egg weight (EW) and haugh units (HU). All data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance. The determined CP of CSC was 35.11% and its gossypol content was 570g/ton. FCR ranged from 1.6 to 4.9, HDP from 47% to 68%, EW from 47.5 to 62.8 g, and HU from 3.1 to 6.7. Layers on 60% CSC replacement for SBC had higher values for the parameters measured which were not significantly different from the control. CSC can replace up to 60% SBC without adverse effects on performance and egg quality characteristics of laying birds. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008.	Cottonseed cake; Egg quality; Layers	gossypol; protein; analysis of variance; animal experiment; animal food; article; caloric intake; chemical analysis; chicken; controlled study; cottonseed cake; egg laying; egg production; female; food composition; nonhuman; nutritional value; poultry farming; protein intake; soybean; Aves; Glycine max; Micropus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053089228	Performance and carcass characteristics of broiler finishers fed acidifier based diets	Ogunwole O.A., Abu O.A., Adepoju I.A.	2011	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	10	7	10.3923/pjn.2011.631.636	Department of Animal Science, University of lbadan, lbadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Ogunwole, O.A., Department of Animal Science, University of lbadan, lbadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Abu, O.A., Department of Animal Science, University of lbadan, lbadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Adepoju, I.A., Department of Animal Science, University of lbadan, lbadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Effects of supplementing diets with Biotronics SE (an acidifier) in replacement of Oxytetracycline- HCI (Antibiotic Growth Promoter) (AGP) on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens was investigated using 128 Marshall Strain day old broilers. The birds were randomly allotted to four treatments with each treatment made of a duplicate of 16 chicks per replicate. Four isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets (A: control diet without Oxytetracycline-HCI and Biotronics SE®; Diet B had 0.1% Oxytetracycline-HCI only, Diet C contained 0.3% Biotronics SE® only while Diet D contained 0.1% Oxytetracycline HCI and 0.3% Biotronics SE®) were formulated and each diet was offered in mash form to their respective birds from day 21 until week 7. At day 49, four chickens from each replicate were selected and sacrificed for the determination of carcass characteristics. Weight gain and feed intake were significantly higher (p<0.05) for birds on dietary treatment D. Variations in values obtained for the final body weight and mortality indices were however similar (p>0.05). Biotronics supplementation significantly improved (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio, live weight gain and bled weight. Other carcass and internal organs weights were not significantly (p>0.05) affected by the inclusion of AGP or acidifier in the diets. Biotronics SE can suitably replace AGP in broilers diets. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2011.	Antibiotic growth promoter; Biotronics SE®; Broiler; Carcass characteristics; Performance; Supplementation	oxytetracycline; animal experiment; animal food; article; broiler; carcass; chick; controlled study; diet supplementation; food intake; growth rate; nonhuman; organ weight; poultry farming; task performance; therapy effect; treatment duration; weight gain; Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67650527073	Growth performance and nutrient digestibility in pigs fed wheat distillers dried grains with solubles-based diets supplemented with a multicarbohydrase enzyme	Emiola I.A., Opapeju F.O., Slominski B.A., Nyachoti C.M.	2009	Journal of Animal Science	87	7	10.2527/jas.2008-1195	Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada; Ladoke Akintola, University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	Emiola, I.A., Ladoke Akintola, University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Opapeju, F.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada; Slominski, B.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada; Nyachoti, C.M., Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada	The objective was to investigate the effect of supplementing a wheat distillers dried grains with solubles (wheat DDGS)-based diet with carbohydrase enzyme blends on growth performance and nutrient digestibilities in growing and finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, 48 pigs with a BW of 36.5 ± 1.03 kg (mean ± SD) were randomly assigned to 24 pens (2 pigs per pen) on the basis of sex and BW, and pigs were randomly allocated to experimental diets (6 pens per diet). Dietary treatments were a positive control (PC) formulated to meet or exceed NRC (1998) nutrient requirements and a negative control (NC) with DE and Lys reduced by 4 and 5%, respectively, from the PC diet and fed without or with an enzyme blend at 2 levels. Level 1 enzyme supplied 2,600 U of xylanase, 1,200 U of β-glucanase, and 1,300 U of cellulase per kg of diet; level 2 enzyme provided twice the activities for each enzyme in level 1 per kilogram of diet. Chromic oxide was used as an indigestible marker. Pigs fed the NC diet had less (P < 0.05) ADG than those fed the PC diet. Supplementing the NC diet with enzyme blends linearly increased ADG (P < 0.01). The ADFI was not affected by dietary treatment. The PC diet had greater (P = 0.04) G:F compared with the NC diet, but not the enzyme-supplemented diets. Pigs fed the PC diet had greater (P < 0.01) digestibilities of N, GE, and ether extract compared with those fed the NC diet. Addition of level 2 enzyme to the NC diet improved (P < 0.05) digestibilities of DM, N, GE, and ether extract to levels similar (P > 0.05) to those fed the PC diet. In Exp. 2, 4 ileal cannulated barrows (80.8 kg of BW; SD = 0.65) were allotted to 4 diets in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Experimental diets contained 15 or 30% wheat DDGS and were fed without or with enzyme addition. The enzyme supplement supplied 2,200 U of xylanase, 1,100 U of β-glucanase, and 1,200 U of cellulase per kg of diet. Apparent ileal digestibilities (AID) of DM, OM, and energy in enzyme-supplemented diets were greater (P < 0.05) than in unsupplemented diets. There was an interaction effect (P < 0.05) of wheat DDGS inclusion level and enzyme supplementation on AID of DM and Ser. Enzyme supplementation improved (P < 0.05) AID of DM in the diet with 30% wheat DDGS but not 15% wheat DDGS. The results shows that multienzyme supplementation of 30% wheat DDGS-based diet improved growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility of DM, N, GE, and crude fiber in growing pigs and AID of nutrients in finishing pigs. © 2009 American Society of Animal Science.	Digestibility; Enzyme supplementation; Pig; Wheat distillers dried grain with solubles	carbohydrase; glycosidase; animal; animal disease; animal food; article; chemistry; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; diet; diet supplementation; digestion; drug effect; growth, development and aging; metabolism; randomized controlled trial; swine; wheat; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Digestion; Glycoside Hydrolases; Swine; Triticum; Suidae; Triticum aestivum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67649304650	Performance and Economic Characteristics of Broilers Fed Varying Dietary Levels of Neem Leaf Meal (Azadirachta indica)	Onyimonyi A.E., Olabode A., Okeke G.C.	2009	International Journal of Poultry Science	8	3	10.3923/ijps.2009.256.259	Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Federal College of Agriculture, Ishiagu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	Onyimonyi, A.E., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Olabode, A., Federal College of Agriculture, Ishiagu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Okeke, G.C., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria	The performance and economic indices of broilers fed varying dietary levels of sun dried Neem Leaf Meal (NLM) were investigated using ninety 'Ross' unsexed two weeks old broilers. The birds were randomly assigned to five treatment groups of eighteen birds each in which NLM was incorporated at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2% for treatments 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. Each treatment was further replicated twice with nine birds per replicate in a Completely Randomized Design. Results showed that treatment effect on Average Final Body Weight (AFBW), Average Daily Gain (ADG), Average Daily Feed Intake [ADFI] and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were significant (P<0.05). Birds on the 0.5% NLM had significantly (P<0.05) superior AFBW, ADG and FCR. ADFI of birds on the 0.5% NLM was statistically the same with the control birds but differed from the rest treatments on NLM. Gross margin analysis reveals that a profit of N707.30 is made per bird on the 0.5% NLM as against N630.97, N620.73, N621.81 and N507.06 for birds on the control, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% NLM respectively. It is concluded that inclusion of 0.5% NLM in the diets of broilers will support optimum performance and economic benefit. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2009.	Broilers; Neem leaf; Performance	Aves; Azadirachta indica	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45749157640	Comparative performance and haematological indices of finishing broilers fed Palm kernel cake, Bambara offal and Rice husk as partial replacement for maize	Ugwu S.O.C., Onyimonyi A.E., Ozonoh C.I.	2008	International Journal of Poultry Science	7	3	10.3923/ijps.2008.299.303	Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Ugwu, S.O.C., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Onyimonyi, A.E., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ozonoh, C.I., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Ninety six unsexed four weeks old Anak broilers were used to compare the performance of finishing broilers fed Palm kernel cake, Bambara offal and Rice husk as partial replacement for maize. The ninety-six broilers were divided into four groups and fed diets containing either 40 percent Maize (T1) as control or 20 percent Palm kernel cake (T2), 20 percent Bambara offal (T3) and 20 percent Rice husk (T4). Each group was replicated thrice with 8 birds per replicate in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Feed and water were provided ad libitum for the 28 days the trial lasted. Results showed that the effect of treatments on final body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and feed cost/kg gain were significant (P < 0.05). Average daily gain of 0.075kg observed in birds on T2 was significantly different (P < 0.05) from values of 0.065Kg, 0.066kg and 0.067kg recorded for birds on the control, T3 and T4 diets respectively. Also, the same group (T2) had superior feed cost per kg gain of • 118.60 which differed significantly (P < 0.05) from • 135.59 and • 154.40 observed for birds on the control and T4 diets respectively. Haematological investigation revealed that the same birds on T2 had significantly higher values (P < 0.05) of red blood cell, haemoglobin, packed cell volume and eosinophils. Results of this study showed that 20 percent PKC can effectively replace maize in diets of finishing broilers with better performance and economic returns. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008.	Anak broilers; Bambara offal; Maize; Palm kernel cake; Rice husk	Aves; Bambara; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858598522	Physiological effects of body condition of gilts at first mating on pre-weaning performance and survivability of piglets in the humid tropics	Machebe N.S., Ezekwe A.G., Okeke G.C.	2012	Indian Journal of Animal Research	46	1	None	Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Machebe, N.S., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ezekwe, A.G., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Okeke, G.C., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	An experiment was conducted to determine the impact of pre-mating body condition score of gilts on performance of their litters. Eighteen (18), seven-month old Large White x Landrace crossbred gilts were selected and randomly assigned to three body condition scores; 1 (thin; <15mm backfat), 3 (normal; 15 to 18mm backfat) and 5 (fat; >18mm backfat) respectively. The gilts were mated and their pre-weaning litter performances observed and recorded after farrowing. Results showed that body condition of the gilts at mating affected litter sizes at birth and at weaning, piglet birth and weaning weights, growth rate, survival-to-weaning and piglet mortality in favour of Gilts with normal and fat body conditions at breeding. It was concluded that the body condition of gilts at first mating have significant impact on the performance of their litters after farrowing.	Body condition score; Gestation; Lactation; Mating	Pieris brassicae; Suidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77149167570	Performance and linear measurements of growing pigs fed on basis of their body weight	Onyimonyi A.E., Ugwu S.O.C., Machebe N.S.	2010	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	9	1	None	Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Onyimonyi, A.E., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ugwu, S.O.C., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Machebe, N.S., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	The performance of growing pigs fed on basis of percentage of their body weight was evaluated using twenty four growing pigs of Landrace x Large White crosses weighing averagely 35±0.5 kg at the start of the study. The pigs were assigned to four treatments and each treatment was replicated thrice with two pigs per replicate in a Completely Randomized Design. An 18% CP and 11.82 MJME/kg diet was formulated and fed at levels of 10, 8, 6 and 4% of body weights in treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 56 days. Results showed that treatment effect on the response parameters were significant (P&lt;0.05). As percentage of body weight feeding reduced, final body weight of the pigs increased significantly (P&lt;0.05). Pigs on treatments 2, 3 and 4 had a final body weight of 68.64, 67.62, 67.68 kg respectively which differed from the 60.03 kg observed for pigs on treatment 1. Pigs fed 4% of their body weight (Treatment 4) showed superiority in the response parameters. Pigs on Treatment 4 had a feed cost/kg gain value of 79.56 naira which differed significantly from 263.21 naira, 161.78 naira and 120.67 naira recorded for pigs on T1, T2 and T3 respectively. Linear body measurement of the pigs followed the same trend as observed in the other response parameters. Pigs on T4 recorded the highest significant (P&lt;0.05) changes in chest girth, height at withers and body length. It is concluded that feeding growing pigs at level of 4% of their body weight leads to optimum performance and better economic returns. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Linear measurements; Performance; Pigs	animal experiment; anthropometry; article; body height; body weight; feeding; nonhuman; swine; Pieris brassicae; Suidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34249888457	Performance of laying hens fed varying dietary levels of Bambara (Voandzeia subterrenea Thouars) offals	Onyimonyi A.E., Ugwu S.O.C.	2007	International Journal of Poultry Science	6	3	None	Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Onyimonyi, A.E., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ugwu, S.O.C., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the performance of laying hens fed varying dietary levels of Toasted Bambara Offals (TBO). The TBO was included in the diet at five levels of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 percent. A total of ninety laying hens on their eight week of lay were used for the trial that lasted for 133 days. The ninety birds were randomly assigned to the five dietary levels (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 percent) with 18 birds per levels. Each dietary level was further replicated four times in a completely randomized design. Results showed that egg weight (g), yolk weight (g) and albumen weight (g) were significantly (P<0.05) affected by treatments. Values of 61.38, 64.00, 64.67, 65.00 and 68.45 g was recorded as egg weights for birds on the 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 percent diets respectively. Yolk weight was 16.53, 16.50, 16.43, 17.83 and 18.07 for 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 percent diets respectively and albumen weight of 37.78, 39.51, 39.44, 39.82, 43.09 was also observed in that order. The cost of feed (•) significantly (P<0.05) decreased as level of TBO in the diets increased. Cost of feed consumed/bird (•) significantly decreased as level of TBO in the diets increased. Total eggs produced/bird followed the same trend. Profit recorded from sale of eggs was significantly (P<0.05) highest at the 10 percent level. A value of • 1139.81 was recorded for the 10 percent diet, as compared to • 1120.13; • 1126.96, • 1089.75 and • 1083.87 recorded for the control, 5, 15 and 20 percent diets respectively. The results of the present study showed that TBO can be fed at 10 percent to laying hens to replace substantial levels of the more costly maize and soyabean meal. This level of feeding will ensure optimum performance and economic benefit to the farmer. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007.	Bambara offal; Laying hens; Performance	Aves; Bambara; Glycine max; Voandzeia; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82855181273	The performance of broiler birds fed varying levels of roasted Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) Seed Meal	Ani A.O., Okeke G.C.	2011	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	10	11	None	Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Ani, A.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Okeke, G.C., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Two experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of roasted Pigeonpea Seed Meal (PSM) on growth performance of broiler birds. Two hundred and forty day-old commercial unsexed broiler chicks (Anak strain) were used in experiment 1, while 168 four-week old broiler birds from experiment 1 were used in experiment 2. Birds in experiments 1 and 2 were divided into 6 groups. Experiment 1 birds were randomly assigned to six isoenergetic and isonitrogenous broiler starter diets containing 0, 6.5, 13.0, 19.5, 26.0 and 32.5% roasted PSM. Experiment 2 birds were also randomly assigned to 6 isoenergetic and isonitrogenous broiler finisher diets containing 0, 5.5, 10.5, 16.0, 21.5 and 27.0% roasted PSM. Parameters considered were weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, dressed carcass weight and carcass dressing percent. Results (Experiment 1) showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) among treatments in average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Feed intake, weight gain and efficiency of feed utilization declined at the 32.5% level of roasted PSM inclusion. However, there were no significant differences (p>0.05) among treatments in all the parameters considered in experiment 2. The results showed conclusively that roasted PSM can be included in broiler starter and finisher diets at 26% and 27% levels, respectively without any adverse effect on broiler birds. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2011.	Broiler birds; Effect; Growth performance; Roasted pigeon pea seed meal	animal experiment; animal food; animal tissue; article; broiler; carcass; controlled study; dietary intake; food composition; nonhuman; nutritional assessment; nutritional requirement; nutritional value; roasted pigeonpea seed meal; test meal; weight gain	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857968967	Comparative performance of two commercial egg strains, the indigenous chickens and their random bred progenies	Ogbu C.C., Udeh I., Nwakpu P.C.	2012	Livestock Research for Rural Development	24	3	None	Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria	Ogbu, C.C., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Udeh, I., Department of Animal Science, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Nigeria; Nwakpu, P.C., Department of Animal Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria	The performance of two commercial egg type chickens, the indigenous chickens, and their random bred progenies in body weight (BWT), body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), body weight at first egg (BWFE), weight of first egg (WTFE) and age at sexual maturity (ASM) were compared. The objectives were to evaluate the effect of within strain mating on the performance traits and to compare the cost of raising parents and progenies to point of lay. Results indicate significant (p ≤ 0.05) reduction in all the traits studied in the progenies. Percentages of inbreeding depression (ID %) were significant (p ≤ 0.05) for BWG1 in strains 1, 2 and 3 at tcal 3.57, 9.37 and 10.00, respectively; BWG2 in strains 1 and 3 at tcal 3.42 and 10.44, respectively; BWG3 in strains 1 and 2 at tcal 12.80 and 16.46, respectively; FCR1 and FCR2 at tcal -3.89 and -5.50, respectively in strain 1, -7.41 and -7.68, respectively in strain 2, and -4.93 and -9.12, respectively in strain 3. Ttab, 0.95 for error df6 for all values was 2.447. These changes resulted in decreases in feed efficiency, reduced BWFE and WTFE, later age at sexual maturity and increase in cost of production to point of lay of the progenies. There was greater loss of performance in progenies of the commercial hybrids than for those of the local strain. Therefore, exotic commercial hybrid chickens should not be used as breeders for the production of replacement day-old chicks for commercial egg production.	Additive gene effect; Dominance; Epistasis; Heterozygosity; Hybrid; Inbreeding depression	Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953775530	Growth performance of chickens fed Gongronema latifolia leaf extracts as a supplementary source of vitamins and minerals	Ndubuisi M., Christian A., Cynthia O.	2011	Livestock Research for Rural Development	23	4	None	Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Ndubuisi, M., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Christian, A., Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Cynthia, O., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	An experiment was conducted to determine the performance of finisher broilers fed Gongronema latifolia leaf extract (GLLE) as supplementary source of vitamins and minerals. A total of 120 four (4) weeks old Marshall Strain commercial broilers were randomly selected and assigned to 4 experimental treatments namely: Water only (W); Water + Vitalyte® (WV); Water + 30ml GLLE (GL30); water + 60ml GLLE (GL60). Results of the final body weight, daily weight gain, total weight gain, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio were higher in favour of birds on WV, GL30 and GL60. Average daily water consumption of the birds were similar (P>0.05) among birds in different treatments. The relative weights of the gizzard, liver, kidney and lungs of the birds were not hampered by the consumption of GLLE. The study showed that GLLE can conveniently substitute the use of commercially synthetic vitamins and minerals premixes in feeding poultry since it had no deleterious effect on the performance of the birds.	Broilers; Growth; Phytochemical; Plant; Strain	Aves; Gallus gallus; Gongronema	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84935053604	Evaluation of growth and reproductive traits of Nigerian local chicken and exotic chicken	Ndofor-Foleng H.M., Oleforuh-Okoleh V., Musongong G.A., Ohageni J., Duru U.E.	2015	Indian Journal of Animal Research	49	2	10.5958/0976-0555.2015.00046.1	Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nkpolu-Oroworokwu, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Catholic University of Cameroon (Catuc), Bamenda, Cameroon	Ndofor-Foleng, H.M., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Oleforuh-Okoleh, V., Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nkpolu-Oroworokwu, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Musongong, G.A., Catholic University of Cameroon (Catuc), Bamenda, Cameroon; Ohageni, J., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Duru, U.E., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	An experiment was carried out to evaluate some reproductive and growth traits of Nigerian indigenous light ecotype and exotic chicken for possible egg and meat-type chicken development. This study was undertaken to contribute to the genetic improvement of the Nigerian indigenous chicken by crossing with an exotic egg type strain Isa Brown. The birds were arranged in 3 breeding groups: BG<inf>1</inf> (Local cocks (EC) X Exotic females (EF)), BG<inf>2</inf>(exotic cocks (EC) X local females (LF)) and BG<inf>3</inf> (local cocks (LC) X local females (LF)). The hens were subjected to natural mating and eggs laid were collected according to breeding groups and hatched. The offsprings that were generated were used for growth performance studies. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance. Results indicated significant (P<0.05) effect of genotype on fertility and hatchability of eggs. Percentage fertility across the genotypes were 70.00, 72.60 and 82.00, while hatchability was 69.70, 84.00, and 60.97%, for BG<inf>1</inf>, BG<inf>2</inf>and BG<inf>3</inf>respectively. The cross bred (BG<inf>1</inf> and BG<inf>2</inf>) had higher egg weight (60.42g, 51.40g), than BG<inf>1</inf> (38.64g). There was significant effect (p<0.05) in all the weekly body weights studied. The findings showed that breeding local pullets with local cocks, improved fertility while hatchability were improved by breeding local pullets with exotic cock. Body weights of chicks hatched from eggs of the exotic pullets with local cock were better than the other groups. Exotic chickens are recommended for the improvement body weight of the light ecotype chicken in Nigeria. © 2015, Agricultural Research Communication Centre. All rights reserved.	Body weight; Exotic; Fertility; Hatchability; Indigenous	Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547178879	Effect of the replacement of maize with wheat offal in broiler finisher diets on growth performance and feed cost	Christopher G.I., Offfiong S., Idiong I.C.	2007	Journal of Central European Agriculture	8	1	None	Department of Animal Science, University of Uyo, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Economics/Extension, University of Calabar, Nigeria	Christopher, G.I., Department of Animal Science, University of Uyo, Nigeria; Offfiong, S., Department of Animal Science, University of Uyo, Nigeria; Idiong, I.C., Department of Agricultural Economics/Extension, University of Calabar, Nigeria	An experiment was carried out to assess the effect of replacing maize with wheat offal in broiler finisher diets on bird performance and feed cost. Six rations were formulated using 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 percent wheat offal to replace maize in the rations. The formulated rations were fed to one hundred and fifty six commercial broiler finisher birds in a completely randomized experimental design. All the rations were made isocaloric and isonitrogenous with the inclusion of varying levels of palm oil. The results indicated that there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and efficiency of feed utilization and carcass characteristics amongst the treatment means. However, wheat offal replaced maize for up to 25 percent without any adverse effect on performance. More so, at 25 percent inclusion to replace maize, cost of feed per kilogram was reduced by about 15.91 percent. Such feed cost reduction could engender overall production cost reduction in broiler production especially at the finisher stage.	Broiler; Cost; Diet; Finisher; Performance; Wheat offal	Aves; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907149498	Evaluation and analysis of dietary essential mineral micronutrients in selected Malaysian foods using FAAS and ICP-MS	Salau R.B., Hasan M.N.	2014	Modern Applied Science	8	6	10.5539/mas.v8n6p103	Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, School of Natural and Applied Science, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Nigeria	Salau, R.B., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural and Applied Science, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Nigeria; Hasan, M.N., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia	Food source could provide essential mineral elements necessary for preventing and remedying the cases of Mineral Deficiency Diseases (MDD). This source is cost effective, safe, affordable and accessible. In this study, essential elements: Ca, Mg, P, K, Na, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se and Zn were determined in 126 food samples eaten in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. The all-serving-units-inclusive food samples were oven-dried until constant weight, homogenized and wet digested serially with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide mixture. The major and minor elements were respectively determined by FAAS and ICP-MS. The elements showed presence in all foods. The food element/RDA percentage ratios of (Ca: 50.0; P: 322.8) and (Mn: 10.5; P: 177.5) were obtained respectively relative to maximum and minimum Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). The study has proven that the foods could be viable source of the elements choosing appropriate foods. These essential elements containing foods can be exploited for health maintenance, remedy and even cure for MDD. © 2014, by the author(s).	All-serving-units-inclusive; FAAS; Food; ICP-MS; Mineral deficiency disease (MDD); Mineral elements; Remedy; supplementation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941421858	Effects of genotype and sex on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens	Benyi K., Tshilate T.S., Netshipale A.J., Mahlako K.T.	2015	Tropical Animal Health and Production	47	7	10.1007/s11250-015-0850-3	Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa	Benyi, K., Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Tshilate, T.S., Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Netshipale, A.J., Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Mahlako, K.T., Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa	Six hundred and eight day-old chicks of Ross 308 and Cobb Avian 48 broiler strains were used in a 49-day experiment to examine the effects of genotype and sex on the growth performance and carcass characteristics. Body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and mortality rate were recorded. Over all, genotype had a significant effect only on feed conversion ratio, Cobb being a better efficient in converting feed than Ross. Males consumed more feed, utilized the feed more efficiently, gained more body weight, and were heavier at 49 days of age than females but had a higher mortality rate. There were significant genotype × sex interaction effects on 49-day body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, and mortality rate. As regards carcass characteristics, genotype affected only liver weight with a heavier liver in Cobb than Ross. Sex significantly affected carcass, back, wing, leg, liver, gizzard, and abdominal fat weights with higher means for males than females for all the traits except abdominal fat weight where females had higher means than males. Genotype × sex interaction effects significantly influenced carcass, breast, back, wing, leg, and liver weights. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Broilers; Carcass characteristics; Genotype; Growth performance; Sex	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845640890	Effects of stocking density and group size on the performance of white and brown Hyline layers in semi-arid conditions	Benyi K., Norris D., Tsatsinyane P.M.	2006	Tropical Animal Health and Production	38	42559	10.1007/s11250-006-4417-1	Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Department of Animal Production, Turfloop Campus, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa; Department of Animal Science, Mafikeng Campus, Northwest University, Mmabatho, South Africa	Benyi, K., Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Norris, D., Department of Animal Production, Turfloop Campus, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa; Tsatsinyane, P.M., Department of Animal Science, Mafikeng Campus, Northwest University, Mmabatho, South Africa	The effect of housing two Hyline strains of commercial laying hens White Hyline (W-98) and Brown Hyline (Hyline Brown) at densities of 2, 3 or 4 per cage (1100, 733 or 550 cm2/hen, respectively) was investigated over 3 months. Hyline Brown layers gained more weight, laid more but lighter eggs, utilized feed more efficiently and had a lower mortality than W-98 layers. Housing birds 2 or 3 per cage resulted in greater body weight gain, higher egg production, heavier eggs, better feed conversion ratio and a lower mortality than housing them 4 per cage. There were significant interactions between strain and stocking density for egg production, egg weight, egg output and mortality. It is suggested that for egg production in semi-arid areas Hyline Brown hens could be used and housed at a density of 733 cm2/hen. © 2006 Springer Science + Business Media B.V.	Laying performance; Stocking density; Strain	animal; animal housing; animal husbandry; article; chicken; crowding; egg; egg laying; female; growth, development and aging; methodology; physiology; population density; population dynamics; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Chickens; Crowding; Eggs; Female; Housing, Animal; Oviposition; Population Density; Population Dynamics; Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952184894	Effects of strain and different skip-a-day feed restriction periods on the growth performance of broiler chickens	Benyi K., Acheampong-Boateng O., Norris D.	2011	Tropical Animal Health and Production	43	4	10.1007/s11250-010-9775-z	Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa	Benyi, K., Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Acheampong-Boateng, O., Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Norris, D., Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa	The effects of 6, 10 and 14 days of skip-a-day feed removal during the starter and grower periods on the growth performance of Ross 308 and Hubbard broiler chickens were studied in a 49-day production period. Ross 308 was superior to Hubbard in weight gain, market weight and feed utilization but consumed more feed, deposited more abdominal fat and had a higher mortality rate. Overall, feed removal improved feed efficiency, had insignificant effects on abdominal fatness and mortality rate and reduced feed intake, weight gain and market weight. On each restricted-feeding regime, the birds gained as much weight as their fully fed counterparts during the period of resumed full feeding but were unable to compensate fully for the weight loss and were lighter at the end of the trial. It is suggested that for profitable broiler production under tropical conditions, Ross 308 and skip-a-day feed removal for less than 6 days from 7 to 17 days of age be considered. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Growth performance; Skip-a-day feeding; Strain	animal; animal food; animal husbandry; article; body weight; chicken; eating; food deprivation; genetics; growth, development and aging; male; methodology; pedigree; tropic climate; Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Eating; Food Deprivation; Male; Pedigree; Tropical Climate; Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-37349014525	Growth performance of pigs fed on diets containing Acacia karroo, Acacia nilotica and Colophospermum mopane leaf meals	Halimani T.E., Ndlovu L.R., Dzama K., Chimonyo M., Miller B.G.	2007	Livestock Research for Rural Development	19	12	None	Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; National University of Science and Technology, P. O Box AC 939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding and Genetics, Stellenbosch, University, P Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Department of Livestock and Pasture, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, United Kingdom	Halimani, T.E., Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Ndlovu, L.R., National University of Science and Technology, P. O Box AC 939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Dzama, K., Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding and Genetics, Stellenbosch, University, P Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Chimonyo, M., Department of Livestock and Pasture, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Miller, B.G., Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, United Kingdom	Growth performance of pigs fed diets containing 10 % Acacia karroo, Acacia nilotica and Colophospermum mopane leaf meals was investigated using 20 individually penned male Large White pigs weighing 32.4 ± 5.86 kg (mean ± sd) over 56 days. There was no significant effect of including leaf meals on average daily liveweight gain and feed conversion ratio (P > 0.05). Pigs supplemented with Acacia karroo had significantly higher intake than the other diets (P < 0.05). The control diet had a higher digestibility of crude protein and dry matter compared to the treatment diets (P < 0.05) except for the dry matter digestibility of the Acacia nilotica supplemented diet, which was not different to that of the control diet (P > 0.05). After the 56-day feeding period, there was an increase in the secretion of trichloroacetic acid soluble proteins from the parotid glands in all diets that contained leaf meals. No change was observed in the mandibular glands (P < 0.05). The activity of hepatic microsomal uridine diphosphate glucuronyl transferase increased significantly for pigs fed on the supplemented diets (P < 0.05). Indices of mitosis in the small intestine, the kidney and the liver were not affected by inclusion of leaf meals (P > 0.05). In conclusion, inclusion of leguminous leaf meals in pig fattening diets reduced digestibility of the feed, but did not affect growth rate. Inclusion of leguminous leaf meals in the diets of pigs is, therefore, a feasible technology that farmers may adopt as part of their feeding strategy for pigs.	Alternative feeds; Flavonoids; Salivary proteins; Tannins; Tropical legumes	Acacia; Acacia karroo; Acacia nilotica; Colophospermum mopane; Pieris brassicae; Suidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-46249104990	The effect feeding forage legumes as nitrogen supplement on growth performance of sheep	Baloyi J.J., Ngongoni N.T., Hamudikuwanda H.	2008	Tropical Animal Health and Production	40	6	10.1007/s11250-007-9120-3	Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Agriculture, Animal Health and Human Ecology, University of South Africa, UNISA, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria 0003, South Africa	Baloyi, J.J., Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe, Department of Agriculture, Animal Health and Human Ecology, University of South Africa, UNISA, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria 0003, South Africa; Ngongoni, N.T., Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Hamudikuwanda, H., Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	The effect of feeding forage legumes, Cowpea, Silverleaf desmodium and Oxley fine stem stylo, as protein supplements to natural pasture (veld) hay on intake, growth rate and nitrogen metabolism in growing lambs was evaluated. Thirty growing lambs were stratified according to body weight and randomly assigned, within a stratum, to five diets in a completely randomised design. The diets were veld hay alone (V), veld hay supplemented with either 10 g/kg of urea (VU), veld hay supplemented with 250 g/kg Cowpea (VC), 250 g/kg Silverleaf desmodium (VS) or 250 g/kg Oxley fine stem stylo (VF) forage legume hays. The V and the VU groups were used as control diets. Animals supplemented with either urea or the forage legume had higher (P<0.01) total dry matter intake compared with the animals on V. The animals supplemented with the forage legumes had higher (P<0.01) nitrogen intake and faecal nitrogen output than the non-supplemented group. All animals, across the treatments, lost body weight; lambs on V had higher (P<0.01) body weight losses than those in the other treatments. The forage legume supplemented groups lost less (P<0.01) body weight than those on the V and VU diets. Although supplementation with forage legumes enhanced feed intake and reduced weight losses it did not maintain body weights of lambs fed a basal diet of poor quality roughages. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Forage legumes; Growth; Nitrogen; Sheep; Supplementary feeding	nitrogen; animal; article; chemistry; diet supplementation; eating; feces; growth, development and aging; legume; metabolism; physiology; randomization; sheep; Animals; Dietary Supplements; Eating; Fabaceae; Feces; Nitrogen; Random Allocation; Sheep; Animalia; Desmodium; Ovis aries; Stylosanthes guianensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84914155750	Performance of broiler chickens fed whole pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) based diets, Supplemented with Detoxizyme® and phytogenics	Mohammed A.A., Habiba M., Mukhtar I.	2014	Livestock Research for Rural Development	26	12	None	Department of Animal Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Department of Agriculture, Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto, Nigeria	Mohammed, A.A., Department of Animal Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Habiba, M., Department of Animal Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Mukhtar, I., Department of Agriculture, Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto, Nigeria	This research was carried out to evaluate the growth performance of Hubbard strain broiler birds fed whole pearl millet based diets supplemented with Detoxizyme® and phytogenics. Two hundred birds were used in the starter phase while One hundred and eighty birds were used in the finisher phase. There were five dietary treatments in each of the phases and each of the treatments had four replicates. Treatment 1 served as the control diet without any additive; Detoxizyme® 50g/100Kg diet (DT50), 500g garlic/100Kg diet (GR500), 500g/100Kg diet ginger (GG500) and mixture of 250g garlic and 250g ginger (GR250+GG250) where added as additives in treatments 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively.Birds on the control diet had higher final weight than birds fed GR500 and GG500. Feed intake, feed conversion ratio and cost of feed per kg gain were not different among diets. No mortality was observed. The finisher experiment showed that the growth performance of the chickens was not different across the treatment means except for the feed intake. Feed intake was higher in broiler finisher chickens on the control diet. © 2014, Fundacion CIPAV. All right reserved.	Broiler chickens; Garlic; Ginger; Pennisetum glaucum	Allium sativum; Gallus gallus; Pennisetum glaucum; Zingiber officinale	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646201265	Reproductive performance and mortality rate in Menz and Horro sheep following controlled breeding in Ethiopia	Berhan A., Van Arendonk J.	2006	Small Ruminant Research	63	3	10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.03.003	Department of Animal Sciences, Alemaya University, P.O. Box 126, Alemaya, Ethiopia; Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, AH Wageningen, Netherlands	Berhan, A., Department of Animal Sciences, Alemaya University, P.O. Box 126, Alemaya, Ethiopia; Van Arendonk, J., Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, AH Wageningen, Netherlands	The reproductive and lamb mortality data (n = 4890) of Horro and Menz ewes following controlled breeding in Ethiopia were analyzed. Sheep were treated with flugestone acetate (FGA) intravaginal sponges during the wet and dry seasons to compare the reproductive performance of the two indigenous Ethiopian highland sheep breeds. There was a significant (P < 0.001) difference in the fertility rate (conception rate) (79% versus 70%), weaning rate (92% versus 78%) and lamb mortality rate (13% versus 27%) for the Menz and Horro breeds, respectively. The difference in lambing rate (lambs born/ewes mated) for the Menz and Horro ewes was also significant (P < 0.01) (81% versus 76%), respectively. There was no significant difference in fecundity between the two breeds. It is concluded that the Menz ewes have more acceptable reproductive performance than Horro ewes following controlled breeding. Additionally, Menz lambs have recorded a higher survival rate than the Horro lambs under the same environmental conditions. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Controlled breeding; Ethiopia; Mortality; Reproduction; Sheep	Ovis; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-81855209881	Milk production performance of pastorally managed camels in eastern Ethiopia	Baars R.M.T., Kebebew T.	2005	Tropical Agriculture	82	42433	None	Department of Animal Sciences, Alemaya University, PO Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Van Hall Larenstein University of Professional Education, P.O. Box 411, 6700 A A Wageningen, Netherlands	Baars, R.M.T., Department of Animal Sciences, Alemaya University, PO Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia, Van Hall Larenstein University of Professional Education, P.O. Box 411, 6700 A A Wageningen, Netherlands; Kebebew, T., Department of Animal Sciences, Alemaya University, PO Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia	Milk production of 30 Iactating camels belonging to 1 herd of 100 heads was monitored during 19 months from March 1996 to September 1997 in eastern Ethiopia. The effects of season of calving, parity, and calf survival up to weaning on mean daily yield, peak yield, total lactation yield, lactation length, days open, and calving interval were assessed. The least square means (± standard deviation) of the daily, peak, and lactation yield were 7.5 ± 0.5, 11.5 ± 0.5, and 2104 ± 97 L, respectively. The least square means of lactation length, days open, and calving interval were 282 ± 10, 199 ± 13, and 573 ± 14 days, respectively. All parameters were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) affected by the season of calving. The maximum lactation yield was observed for camels in the third and fourth lactations. The lactation curves had a typical shape, although Iess pronounced for camels that calved during the long dry season. Camels that calved in the long wet season and older camels showed a lower persistency. Camels whose calves died before weaning showed a significantly higher yield than camels whose calves stayed alive. The fat, protein, casein, total solids, and solids non-fat were 39 ± 4, 29 ± 3, 23 ± 2, 131 ± 6, and 92 ± 6 g kg-1, respectively. They were all significantly affected by parity and month of lactation. It was concluded that during the dry season, the herd produced a substantial amount of milk for the pastoralists. © 2005 Trap. Aqric. (Trinidad).	Calving interval; Lactation; Milk composition; Ogaden; Persistency; Season	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84918798490	Optimizing the design of small-sized nucleus breeding programs for dairy cattle with minimal performance recording	Kariuki C.M., Komen H., Kahi A.K., van Arendonk J.A.M.	2014	Journal of Dairy Science	97	12	10.3168/jds.2014-8545	Department of Animal Sciences, Chuka University, PO Box 109-60400, Chuka, Kenya; Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, AH Wageningen, Netherlands; Animal Breeding and Genomics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Egerton University, PO Box 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya	Kariuki, C.M., Department of Animal Sciences, Chuka University, PO Box 109-60400, Chuka, Kenya, Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, AH Wageningen, Netherlands; Komen, H., Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, AH Wageningen, Netherlands; Kahi, A.K., Animal Breeding and Genomics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Egerton University, PO Box 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya; van Arendonk, J.A.M., Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, AH Wageningen, Netherlands	Dairy cattle breeding programs in developing countries are constrained by minimal and erratic pedigree and performance recording on cows on commercial farms. Small-sized nucleus breeding programs offer a viable alternative. Deterministic simulations using selection index theory were performed to determine the optimum design for small-sized nucleus schemes for dairy cattle. The nucleus was made up of 197 bulls and 243 cows distributed in 8 non-overlapping age classes. Each year 10 sires and 100 dams were selected to produce the next generation of male and female selection candidates. Conception rates and sex ratio were fixed at 0.90 and 0.50, respectively, translating to 45 male and 45 female candidates joining the nucleus per year. Commercial recorded dams provided information for genetic evaluation of selection candidates (bulls) in the nucleus. Five strategies were defined: nucleus records only [within-nucleus dam performance (DP)], progeny records in addition to nucleus records [progeny testing (PT)], genomic information only [genomic selection (GS)], dam performance records in addition to genomic information (GS+DP), and progeny records in addition to genomic information (GS+PT). Alternative PT, GS, GS+DP, and GS+PT schemes differed in the number of progeny per sire and size of reference population. The maximum number of progeny records per sire was 30, and the maximum size of the reference population was 5,000. Results show that GS schemes had higher responses and lower accuracies compared with other strategies, with the higher response being due to shorter generation intervals. Compared with similar sized progeny-testing schemes, genomic-selection schemes would have lower accuracies but these are offset by higher responses per year, which might provide additional incentive for farmers to participate in recording. © 2014 American Dairy Science Association.	Breeding program; Genetic gain; Genomic selection; Minimal recording	Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67349248102	Physical impact of grazing by sheep on soil parameters in the Nama Karoo subshrub/grass rangeland of South Africa	du Toit G.v.N., Snyman H.A., Malan P.J.	2009	Journal of Arid Environments	73	9	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.03.013	Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	du Toit, G.v.N., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Snyman, H.A., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Malan, P.J., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	The direct short-term impact of three rates of stocking (4, 8 and 16 small-stock units [SSU] ha-1) was quantified in terms of soil characteristics of arid Nama Karoo vegetation (subshrub/grass). Mature Merino wethers grazed in the experimental plots throughout May in 1995 and 1996 (the plots were not subjected to grazing at any other time). Stocking rate proved inversely related to initial infiltration rate. Light trampling (4 SSU ha-1) loosened the topsoil sufficiently to increase the initial infiltration rate: infiltration capacity of soil in fields stocked at 4 SSU ha-1 and 16 SSU ha-1 was 17% higher and 14% lower respectively than that of soil of ungrazed rangeland over the two grazing periods. Increased soil compaction and greater bulk density due to higher stocking rates significant decreased the infiltration rate. Compared to ungrazed rangeland stocking rates of 4, 8 and 16 SSU ha-1 over the two grazing periods increased bulk density respectively by 2.73%, 6.67% and 8.945% and compaction by 10.90%, 16.78% and 20.90%. No grazing also increased bulk density and soil compaction and decreased infiltration rate. Light stocking (4 SSU ha-1) influenced all soil parameters most favourably. From a hydrologic point of view, grazing levels and rotation schemes need to be tailored for sustainable utilization of arid subshrub/grass vegetation by livestock. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Bulk density; Infiltration rate; Karoo bushes; Soil compaction; Stocking rate	bulk density; compaction; grass; grazing; infiltration; rangeland; sheep; shrub; soil quality; Africa; Karoo; Nama Karoo; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899993796	The effect of supplementing leaves of four tannin-rich plant species with polyethylene glycol on digestibility and zootechnical performance of zebu bulls (Bos indicus)	Yisehak K., De Boever J.L., Janssens G.P.J.	2014	Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition	98	3	10.1111/jpn.12068	Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Institute for Agriculture and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Animal Sciences Unit, Scheldeweg, Melle, Belgium	Yisehak, K., Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; De Boever, J.L., Institute for Agriculture and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Animal Sciences Unit, Scheldeweg, Melle, Belgium; Janssens, G.P.J., Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium	The effect of supplementing leaves of four tannin-rich plant species with polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) on nutrient intake and digestibility as well as on weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and N retention of zebu bulls (Bos indicus) was studied. Leaves of Albizia gummifera, Grewia ferruginea, Prunus africana and Syzygium guineense, containing, respectively, 85, 55, 76 and 172 g condensed tannins (CT) per kg dry matter (DM), were combined with natural pasture hay in a ratio of 40:60 on DM basis. The four diets were fed both without and with addition of PEG, at a dose of 40 g per kg DM, to eight zebu bulls during trials of 25 days in an 8 × 8 randomized crossover design. Supplementation with PEG increased nutrient intake, digestibility, FCR, N retention and average daily gain (p < 0.01). A diet × PEG interaction was observed for nutrient intake as well as for crude protein, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre digestibility (p < 0.05), but the effect size of PEG addition could not be attributed to the CT content as such, and also digestibility without PEG was not related to CT content of the diets. The reason why the efficacy of PEG addition did not relate to the CT content pointed the need to evaluate other factors that can help to predict the efficacy of PEG, for example, tannin type or interaction with other nutrients. © 2013 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.	Digestibility; N retention; Nutrient intake; Polyethylene glycol; Tannin; Zebu cattle	macrogol derivative; tannin derivative; analysis; animal; animal food; animal food; Bovinae; chemistry; controlled study; crossover procedure; diet; diet supplementation; digestion; drug effects; male; metabolism; physiology; plant leaf; randomized controlled trial; veterinary; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Cattle; Cross-Over Studies; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Digestion; Male; Plant Leaves; Polyethylene Glycols; Tannins	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874675805	Evaluation of nutritive value of leaves of tropical tanniferous trees and shrubs	Yisehak K., Janssens G.P.J.	2013	Livestock Research for Rural Development	25	2	None	Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, P. O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium	Yisehak, K., Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, P. O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; Janssens, G.P.J., Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium	This study was conducted to compare the nutritive value of indigenous fodder trees and shrubs (IFTS) and assess the relationship between farmers' IFTS preference, the perception of their characteristics, and analyzed nutritional value at two distinct altitudes within the same area (high altitude and low altitude). Results were based on laboratory analyses of plant samples and a diagnostic survey of randomly selected 360 livestock farmers. Fifty IFTS were identified and examined for proximate and fibre components, in vitro digestibility, digestible nutrients, energy and condensed tannins (CT). Farmers scored the identified IFTS on a scale of 1 to 4 on nutritive value, growth rate, biomass, compatibility and multifunctionality. Nutritive value ranged widely among IFTS from 66 to 242 g CP/kg dry matter (DM), 185 to 502 g neutral detergent fibre (NDF)/kg DM, 0.1 to 228 g CT/kg DM, 478 to 745 g total carbohydrate (CHO)/kg DM, 332 to 963 g total digestible nutrients (TDN)/kg DM and 5 to 15 MJ ME/kg DM. Trees showed higher CP contents than shrubs though CHO was higher for shrubs, especially at high altitude (P<0.05). Farmers' scores for nutritive value were positively correlated with CP content of IFTS (r = 0.36; P<0.05). Even though the association was negative for CHO content (P<0.01; r = -0.32), these scores were higher at high altitude (P<0.05). A negative relationship was observed between CT and TA, CP, DMD, OMD, ME and TDN (P<0.05). It was concluded that although variation within shrubs and within trees was high - CP was higher in trees than in shrubs and lower CHO in trees than shrubs, therefore warranting further research in the added value for ranging ruminants' nutritional status of providing fodder tree material instead of only access to pasture and shrubs. Farmers' perception of nutritive value of IFTS was partly associated with protein content, but other unidentified factors were contributing to their preference. Geographical differences exert shifts in the perceived and analyzed nutritive value of IFTS, thus care should be taken when developing recommendations for the use of IFTS in an entire region.	Fodder trees and shrubs; In vitro digestibility; Nutritive value; Tannin; Total digestible nutrients	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954287530	Effect of dietary crude protein levels on egg production, hatchability and post-hatch offspring performance of lndigenous chickens	Kingori A.M., Tuitoek J.K., Muiruri H.K., Wachira A.M.	2010	International Journal of Poultry Science	9	4	None	Department of Animal Sciences, Egerton University, PO. Box 536-201 15, Egerton, Kenya; Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, PO. Box 25-201 17, Naivasha, Kenya	Kingori, A.M., Department of Animal Sciences, Egerton University, PO. Box 536-201 15, Egerton, Kenya; Tuitoek, J.K., Department of Animal Sciences, Egerton University, PO. Box 536-201 15, Egerton, Kenya; Muiruri, H.K., Department of Animal Sciences, Egerton University, PO. Box 536-201 15, Egerton, Kenya; Wachira, A.M., Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, PO. Box 25-201 17, Naivasha, Kenya	Indigenous chickens in Kenya are estimated to be 21.5 million and are found in all the ecological zones in the country. They are 75% of the poultry population and produce 46 and 58% of the egg and meat, respectively. These levels of production are comparatively low compared to their numbers. The low productivity of indigenous chickens in Kenya and other parts of the world is partly attributed to poor management practices, in particular the lack of proper healthcare, poor nutrition and housing. This study was designed to determine the effects of dietary protein levels on egg production, hatchability and post-hatch offspring feed intake, feed efficiency and growth rate of indigenous chickens. Seventy two hens averaging 46 weeks in age, were offered four diets formulated from similar ingredients but differing in protein levels: 100, 120, 140 and 170 g CP/kg DM. Diets were randomly allocated to hens such that each diet had nine replicates each consisting of two hens. The hens were housed in battery cages and diets offered ad-libitum. Laying percentage, egg weight and feed intake were measured over an 8-week period. There was an increase (p<0.05) in egg weight from 42.9-46 g and laying percentage from 378.436% with increasing protein levelsfrom 100-120 g CP/kg DM, but not (p>0.05) at 120 and 140 g CP/kg DM. The laying percentage of hens offered 170 g CP/kg DM was lower (pc0.05) than that of hens offered 100 g CP/kg DM (22 vs. 37.8 %), although feed intake was similar for all the levels of CP. Hatchability of the 328 fertile eggs set in an electric incubator ranged from 66.73% while chicks weighed from 31 6-328 g for the four levels of CP tested. The level of CP had no pronounced effects (p>0.05) on offspring feed intake (51-56 g), live weight gain (6.5 -8.5 g /day) and feed conversion efficiency (0.13-0.15). It is, therefore, concluded that the dietary crude protein requirement for laying indigenous hens is about 120 g CP/kg and maternal dietary protein level has no effect on hatchability and post-hatch offspring feed intake, feed efficiency and growth rate. The findings will help in the formulation of indigenous chicken layer diet with the appropriate protein content. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Crude protein; Feed efficiency; Feed intake; Indigenous chickens	Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958070455	Evaluation of nutritive value of albizia gummifera foliages as fodder source for livestock in agrisilvipastoral system	Yisehak K., Belay D.	2011	International Journal of Agricultural Research	6	5	10.3923/ijar.2011.389.399	Department of Animal Sciences, Jimma University, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia	Yisehak, K., Department of Animal Sciences, Jimma University, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; Belay, D., Department of Animal Sciences, Jimma University, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia	The study was conducted to assess nutritional quality of Albizia gummifera (J.F. Gmel) C.A.Sm., a multipurpose tree indigenous to Ethiopia, influenced to altitude and season at hot humid tropical climatic condition. SAS version 9.1 was used for data analysis. Albizia gummifera leaf was examined for their chemical components, in vitro organic matter digestibility, digestible nutrients and dietary energy values. On DM basis, analytical results ranged between 108 to 308gCPkg-\ 367 to 396 gNDF kg 1, 283 to 313 g ADF kg 1, 68 to 72 g CT kg 1 DM, 379.8 to 430 g IVDMD kg 1, 492.5 to 683.5 g CHO kg 1, 6.1 to 6.9 MJ ME kg 1, 9.4 to 28.3 g DCP kg 1 7.02 to 8.2 g DE kg 1 and 400.4 to 460.3 g TDN kg 1. Effects of altitudes and seasons had showed a wide significant variation among many nutritive value parameters studied (p&lt;0.05). Significantly higher CP, IVDMD and DCP contents were recorded for the higher altitude region and wet season (p&lt;0.05). A negative correlation was observed between CT and CP, IVDMD energy values and TDN. The altitude-seas on interaction had a significant effect on most of the parameters (p&lt;0.01). The nutrient concentrations already suggest that A. gummifera have a clear potential for being used as sustainable feed resources in wide locations on top of seasons that can maintain normal rumen microbial metabolism and to supply the quantities and balances of nutrients for different productive states in the tropics. © 2011 Academic Journals Inc.	Condensed tannin; Digestible nutrients; Fodder tree; In vitro dm digestibility; Nutritive value	Albizia gummifera; Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80655146436	Evaluation of different processing methods on the nutrient composition of broiler litter and its utilization by weaner pigs in the tropics	Akinfala E.O., Komolafe O.B.	2011	Livestock Research for Rural Development	23	11	None	Department of Animal Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria	Akinfala, E.O., Department of Animal Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria; Komolafe, O.B., Department of Animal Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria	This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different processing methods on the nutrient composition of broiler litter and its replacement value with palm kernel cake in the diets of weaner pigs on the performance, hematological indices and economics of production of growing pigs for eight weeks. Four experimental diets were formulated. Diet 1 which had 0% processed broiler litter served as the control, while diets 2, 3 and 4 contained 20% of ensiled, composted and sun-dried broiler litter respectively. A total of about ten weeks old sixteen weaner pigs (large white x Hampshire) with an initial mean body weight of 8.41 + 2.59kg were used in this study in a completely randomized design. There were four pigs per treatment and each pig represents a replicate. The results of this study showed that the different processing methods of ensiling, composting and sun drying affected (p &lt; 0.05) the nutrient composition of broiler litter especially at the level of crude protein and crude fibre. The results further showed that average final body weight (20.0 - 21.2kg) and feed/gain ratio (2.35 - 2.64) were not affected (p &gt; 0.05) by the dietary treatments. The average daily gain (218 - 246g) with highest value occurring in diet 1 and lowest in diet 4 and average daily feed intake (560 - 578g) with highest value in diet 1 and lowest value in diet 3 were affected (p &lt; 0.05) by the dietary treatments. The hematological indices such as packed cell volume (29 - 33%), red blood cell (6.70 - 7.00 x 10 6/mol 3) and white blood cell (9,600 - 11,800 x 10 3ul) were not affected (p&gt;0.05) by the dietary treatments. The economics of production results obtained showed that it was more economical to raise pigs using broiler litter at 20% of the diet. The results obtained from this study showed that processing methods such as ensiling, composting and sun-drying improved the nutrient composition of broiler litter and more over, processed broiler litter can be included up to 20% in the diet of growing pigs without any deleterious affect on the performance, hematological indices and economics of production in the diet of growing pig in the tropics.	Broiler litter; Experimental animals; Experimental diets; Hematology; Heterotrophic bacteria; Nutrient composition; Performance; Processed broiler litter; Weaner pigs	Animalia; Bacteria (microorganisms); Pieris brassicae; Suidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881073267	Effect of buck presence on sexual receptivity and kindling performance of rabbit doe	Ola S.I., Olatunbosun O.S.	2013	Livestock Research for Rural Development	25	8	None	Department of Animal Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Ola, S.I., Department of Animal Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Olatunbosun, O.S., Department of Animal Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Sexual receptivity and fecundity were determined in rabbit does with different exposure to the male. Forty heterogeneous, mature and non-lactating does were assigned to four treatments including: VTC - Male exposure with visual and tactile contact; VIC - Male exposure with visual contact; NVC - Male exposure without visual contact and NOC - Complete isolation of does from bucks (control group). The does were maintained in this condition for 30 days after which they were hand mated, each to two bucks. Mating was assisted or forced where it didn't occur spontaneously. At mating the sexual behaviour, readiness and libido of the does were recorded. At parturition, fertility and prolificacy were determined. Sexual receptivity measured by behavioural attitude and rate of spontaneous mating were higher in the VTC and NVC exposed group. Mating time was also significantly reduced in these groups. Prolificacy and fertility index were both lowered in the NOC and VTC does compared to the NVC and VIC does. In conclusion results from this study indicated that the presence of the male improved the sexual receptivity of the doe. However prolonged visual and/or tactile contacts between the opposite sex appeared to be detrimental to the breeding efficiency and overall productivity of the doe.	Male presence; Rabbit doe fertility	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892672125	Impact of season on the chemical composition of male and female blesbok (Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi) muscles	Neethling J., Hoffman L.C., Britz T.J.	2014	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	94	3	10.1002/jsfa.6281	Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa; Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Neethling, J., Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa, Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Hoffman, L.C., Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa; Britz, T.J., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa	BACKGROUND: The harvesting and consumption of game meat in South Africa is not limited to season. The study was thus aimed at investigating the seasonal impact on the chemical composition (moisture, protein, fat and ash contents) of male and female blesbok muscles (N = 32; longissimus dorsi, biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, infraspinatus and supraspinatus). RESULTS: A significant interaction (P ≤ 0.01) existed between season and muscle type. Selected muscles had higher (P ≤ 0.01) mean protein contents with a higher plane of nutrition (spring of 2009), while longissimus dorsi muscles had the highest (P ≤ 0.01) mean intramuscular fat content (33.52 g kg-1). A strong negative correlation (r = -0.82; P ≤ 0.01) existed between the muscles' moisture and protein content. The chemical composition of blesbok semimembranosus muscles was significantly different between seasons, while the other muscles were least affected by seasonal differences in blesbok plane of nutrition and activity levels. CONCLUSION: The seasonal and muscle differences were statistically significant, but numerically small. It is therefore debatable whether this is of biological relevance relating to human nutrition. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry.	Blesbok (Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi); Chemical composition; Game meat; Plane of nutrition; Season; Sustainable utilization; Venison	Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi; muscle protein; water; animal; article; blesbok (Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi); bovids; chemical composition; chemistry; diet; fat intake; female; game meat; male; meat; metabolism; nutritional value; plane of nutrition; protein intake; season; skeletal muscle; South Africa; sustainable utilization; venison; wild animal; blesbok (Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi); chemical composition; game meat; plane of nutrition; season; sustainable utilization; venison; Animals; Animals, Wild; Diet; Dietary Fats; Dietary Proteins; Female; Male; Meat; Muscle Proteins; Muscle, Skeletal; Nutritive Value; Ruminants; Seasons; South Africa; Water	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247392501	Meat quality characteristics of springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis). 4: Sensory meat evaluation as influenced by age, gender and production region	Hoffman L.C., Kroucamp M., Manley M.	2007	Meat Science	76	4	10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.02.020	Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa; Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa	Hoffman, L.C., Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa; Kroucamp, M., Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa, Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa; Manley, M., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa	The effects of age, gender and production region on the sensory characteristics of springbok M. longissimus dorsi (LD) were investigated in 19 springbok, which originated from two Nature Reserves in the Free State Province of South Africa and were divided into age (adult, sub-adult) and gender categories. The sensory characteristics evaluated were game meat aroma, juiciness, residual tissue, tenderness and game meat flavour. Age, gender and production region had an effect (P &lt; 0.05) on different sensory ratings of the meat. Whereas production region influenced (P &lt; 0.05) the game meat aroma, initial juiciness, sustained juiciness and residual tissue ratings of the meat, gender and age had a significant effect on only the residual tissue rating of the meat. An interaction (P &lt; 0.01) between age, gender and production region was observed for the tenderness attribute where the males from the Gariep Nature Reserve were the only gender that showed a significantly higher tenderness rating in the sub-adult than in the adult category. Sensory ratings were linearly correlated with certain physical and chemical attributes. Warner-Bratzler shear force (kg/1.27 cm diameter) values were inversely correlated with the sensory attributes of tenderness (r = -0.70, P &lt; 0.01), residual tissue (r = -0.68, P &lt; 0.01) and sustained juiciness (r = -0.43; P &lt; 0.05). Age-related effects on perceived tenderness were minor in comparison with pH effects. As the pH24 of the meat increased, tenderness (r = -0.46, P &lt; 0.05) and sustained juiciness (r = -0.54, P &lt; 0.05) decreased significantly. No significant linear correlations were observed between the intramuscular fat (IMF) content and the sustained juiciness ratings of the meat. It can be concluded that production region had some influence on sensory characteristics of springbok meat, whilst the influence of age and gender were negligible. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Flavour; Game meat; pH24; Sensory; Springbok; Tenderness	Antidorcas marsupialis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-21744451534	Evaluation of subjectively assessed nodule traits of ostrich skins as influenced by slaughter age	Van Schalkwyk S.J., Cloete S.W.P., Hoffman L.C., Meyer A.	2005	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	35	1	None	Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Institute of Animal Production, Oudtshoorn, P.O. Box 351, Oudtshoorn 6620, South Africa; Institute of Animal Production, Elsenburg, Private Bag X1, Elsenburg 7607, South Africa	Van Schalkwyk, S.J., Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa, Institute of Animal Production, Oudtshoorn, P.O. Box 351, Oudtshoorn 6620, South Africa; Cloete, S.W.P., Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa, Institute of Animal Production, Elsenburg, Private Bag X1, Elsenburg 7607, South Africa; Hoffman, L.C., Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Meyer, A., Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa, Institute of Animal Production, Oudtshoorn, P.O. Box 351, Oudtshoorn 6620, South Africa	Ostrich skins (n = 214) were assessed by 28 participants involved in the ostrich leather production and marketing chain. The participants were from various sectors in the ostrich industry, including producers, skin graders, leather marketers, agents and process managers. Skins were evaluated during two occasions, firstly without any knowledge of slaughter age and thereafter with prior knowledge of slaughter age. Nodule acceptability and distribution for each skin were scored on a linear scale of 1 to 10. Slaughter age, as estimated by the participants during the first evaluation, was regressed on the actual age of the birds at slaughter. The derived regression indicated that actual slaughter age accounted for approximately 46% of the variation found in estimated slaughter age. Nodule acceptability scores generally increased with slaughter age. Average scores of at least moderately acceptability were found only in skins from birds slaughtered at 11 months of age and older. A corresponding trend with increase in slaughter age was found for nodule distribution scores. Between skin variance ratios were comparatively low for nodule acceptability (0.09-0.10, depending on prior knowledge of slaughter age or not) and nodule distribution (0.05-0.06). The between scorer variance ratio was generally higher, exceeding 0.35. Scores for nodule acceptability with or without prior knowledge of the age of individual skins at slaughter were essentially the same, as judged from a near unity covariance ratio between individual skins. A similar trend was observed for nodule distribution score. The need for practical methods for the objective assessment of the acceptability of nodules and ostrich leather quality was expressed. © South African Society for Animal Science.	Linear scale; Nodule acceptability; Nodule distribution; Repeatability	Aves; Struthio camelus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33847642523	Terminal crossbreeding of Dorper ewes to Ile de France, Merino Landsheep and SA Mutton Merino sires: Ewe production and lamb performance	Cloete J.J.E., Cloete S.W.P., Olivier J.J., Hoffman L.C.	2007	Small Ruminant Research	69	42372	10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.12.005	Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Cape Institute of Agricultural Training: Elsenburg, Private Bag X1, Elsenburg, 7607, South Africa; Institute for Animal Production: Elsenburg, Private Bag X1, Elsenburg, 7607, South Africa; Irene Animal Improvement Institute, Private Bag X2, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa	Cloete, J.J.E., Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa, Cape Institute of Agricultural Training: Elsenburg, Private Bag X1, Elsenburg, 7607, South Africa; Cloete, S.W.P., Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa, Institute for Animal Production: Elsenburg, Private Bag X1, Elsenburg, 7607, South Africa; Olivier, J.J., Irene Animal Improvement Institute, Private Bag X2, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; Hoffman, L.C., Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	The effect of crossing Dorper ewes with Ile de France (IdF), Merino Landsheep (ML) and SA Mutton Merino (SAMM) rams in a terminal crossbreeding program was investigated during 2000 and 2001. Expressed as percentage of purebred Dorper lambs, the average birth weights of IdF cross and ML cross lambs were increased by 12 and 7%, respectively. Crossbred progeny of IdF sires were 10% heavier than purebred Dorpers at weaning. A corresponding difference in favour of ML sires amounted to 5%. IdF crossbred lambs reached slaughter weight earlier than the other cross lambs and purebred Dorper lambs. Lamb mortality prior to weaning was unaffected by the breed of the service sire, and ranged between 0.13 for lambs sired by IdF rams to 0.22 for purebred Dorper lambs. Ewe joining weight, as well as number of lambs born and weaned per ewe lambed was independent of the breed of the service sire. When weight of lamb weaned per ewe lambed was considered, there was a tendency towards higher lamb outputs in ewes that were joined to IdF and SAMM sires. Estimated repeatability derived for joining weight and the various measures of reproduction generally accorded with literature estimates. Backfat depth (taken at the 13th rib, 25 mm from the midline) indicated that purebred Dorper lambs had a thicker fat cover compared to all combinations of crossbred lambs. Corresponding sire breed differences were found between the 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebra, 25 mm from the midline. Terminal crossbreeding of Dorper ewes with IdF, ML and SAMM sires did not deleteriously affect lamb growth and survival or ewe reproduction. Terminal crossbreeding could thus be implemented in commercial Dorper flocks, without compromising productivity and/or product quality. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Dressing percentage; Fat depth; Lamb growth; Lamb output; Reproduction; Weaning weight	Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84890285823	Lipid and protein stability and sensory evaluation of ostrich (Struthio camelus) droëwors with the addition of rooibos tea extract (Aspalathus linearis) as a natural antioxidant	Hoffman L.C., Jones M., Muller N., Joubert E., Sadie A.	2014	Meat Science	96	3	10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.10.036	Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Department of Genetics, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	Hoffman, L.C., Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Jones, M., Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa, Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Muller, N., Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Joubert, E., Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa, Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Sadie, A., Department of Genetics, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	The effect of rooibos tea extract (RBTE 0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 1.00%) as a natural antioxidant on the lipid and protein stability of ostrich droëwors (traditional South African dried sausage) after a 15. day drying period was investigated. The lipid stability of the droëwors increased with 0.25% RBTE having lower TBARS. The protein stability of the droëwors did not differ (P. ≥. 0.05) between treatments. The heme-iron content did not differ (P. ≥. 0.05) between the treatments and increased from day 0 to day 15. Drying resulted in a decrease in the total moisture content by 45% and a corresponding increase in all other components. There were no differences between the moisture, fat and ash contents between treatments within a specific day. The droëwors had high concentrations of oleic acid, palmitic acid and linoleic acid. The addition of RBTE also improved the sensory attributes and can thus be added and marketed as a natural flavourant from 'out of Africa' for a traditional South African meat product. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Aspalathus linearis; Lipid and protein stability; Natural antioxidant; Ostrich droëwors; Rooibos tea extract	Ash contents; Aspalathus linearis; Meat products; Natural antioxidants; Protein stability; Rooibos teas; Sensory attributes; Sensory evaluation; Antioxidants; Birds; Drying; Linoleic acid; Proteins; Stability; antioxidant; linoleic acid; oleic acid; palmitic acid; plant extract; rooibos tea extract; thiobarbituric acid reactive substance; animal; article; Aspalathus; Aspalathus linearis; beverage; chemistry; food handling; human; Lipid and protein stability; meat; Natural antioxidant; ostrich; Ostrich droëwors; protein stability; taste; Aspalathus linearis; Lipid and protein stability; Natural antioxidant; Ostrich droëwors; Rooibos tea extract; Animals; Antioxidants; Aspalathus; Beverages; Food Handling; Humans; Linoleic Acid; Meat Products; Oleic Acid; Palmitic Acid; Plant Extracts; Protein Stability; Struthioniformes; Taste; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84934765105	Productive and reproductive performance of holstein-friesian cows under farmer’s management in Hossana town, Ethiopia	Kebede H.	2015	International Journal of Dairy Science	10	3	10.3923/ijds.2015.126.133	Department of Animal Sciences, Wachemo University, P.O. Box 667, Hossana, Ethiopia	Kebede, H., Department of Animal Sciences, Wachemo University, P.O. Box 667, Hossana, Ethiopia	The study was conducted on 154 Holstein-Friesian (HF) cows maintained under farmer’s managemental system in Hossana city (Ethiopia). A total of 80 HF owners were randomly selected and interviewed with structured questionnaire to assess the productive and reproductive performance of Holstein-Friesian cows. The results of the study showed that the mean milk yield/day/cow was 8.38±0.47 L, lactation length was 252.25±5.31 days, peak yield was11.39±0.58 L and lactation milk yield was 2149.19±143.80 L, number of services per conception was 1.8±0.09, age at first calving was 36.48±0.55 month, calving to first service interval was 212.70±18.12 days and calving interval was 462.87±19.48 days for HF cows. The constraints of dairy production in the study areas including feed shortage (1st), high feed cost (2nd), disease (3rd), scarce information about feeding (4th), high medicament cost (5th), scarcity of timely veterinary services (6th), lack of capital (7th), low price of milk (8th), heat detection (9th) and ineffici nt AI services (10th) were found to be the top challenges for dairy practice in the area. Therefore, strategies designed to solve the existing problem should be important by involving all stakeholders in the formulation and implementation of improvement strategies. © 2015 Academic Journals Inc.	Holstein-Friesian; Hossana city; Productive; Reproductive performances	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925484047	Feed intake, digestibility, growth performance, and blood profile of pigs fed mixtures of dried and ground fig (Ficus sur) fruits and graded levels of maize	Diba D., Mekasha Y., Urge M., Tolera A.	2014	Tropical Animal Health and Production	47	2	10.1007/s11250-014-0725-z	Department of Animal Sciences, Wollega University, P.O. Box 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia; School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; School of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia; International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Diba, D., Department of Animal Sciences, Wollega University, P.O. Box 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia; Mekasha, Y., School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia, International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Urge, M., School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Tolera, A., School of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia	This study was conducted to examine the effect of feeding a mixture of different proportions of Ficus sur fruits (FSF) and ground maize grain (MG) on intake, digestibility, growth, and blood profile on Yorkshire pigs. Dietary treatments comprised 100 % FSF and 0 % MG (100FSF), 67 % FSF and 33 % MG (67FSF), 33 % FSF and 67 % MG (33FSF), and 0 % FSF and 100 % MG (0FSF). Noug cake and soybean meal were included to meet nutrient requirement of the animals at isonitrogenous (18 % crude protein (CP)) level with graded levels of energy. Twenty pigs with an average initial weight of 27.75 ± 1.4 kg were grouped according to their body weight, and animals from each group were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments. There was no difference (P > 0.05) in dry matter, crude protein, and metabolizable energy intakes among the treatments. Organic matter (P < 0.05), ether extract (P < 0.01), and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) intakes were higher (P < 0.0001) for pigs fed with 0FSF than 100FSF. The digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, and NFE did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatments. However, organic matter digestibility (P < 0.05) was highest for pigs in 0FSF than 100FSF. Conversely, crude fiber digestibility was in the reverse trend. No significant differences were observed in body weight gain among treatments (P > 0.05). The blood counts and sera metabolites of pigs across the treatments fall within the optimum range. Packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin (Hgb) were higher, but creatinine and cholesterol concentrations were lower in 100FSF than 0FSF indicating better health conditions in pigs fed with FSF. It is, therefore, concluded that feeding FSF has comparable effects with MG on the metabolic performance, growth, and blood profile of pigs. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Blood profile; Ficus sur fruits; Growth performance; Maize grain; Pigs	animal; animal food; blood; caloric intake; Ficus; growth, development and aging; maize; male; pig; randomization; weight gain; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Energy Intake; Ficus; Male; Random Allocation; Swine; Weight Gain; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859183527	Ground prosopis juliflora pod as feed ingredient in poultry diet: Effects on laying performance and egg quality	Girma M., Urge M., Animut G.	2011	International Journal of Poultry Science	10	11	None	Department of Animal Sciences, Wollo University, P.O. Box 1145, Ethiopia; School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Ethiopia	Girma, M., Department of Animal Sciences, Wollo University, P.O. Box 1145, Ethiopia; Urge, M., School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Ethiopia; Animut, G., School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Ethiopia	One hundred and eighty 26-week old Bovans Brown commercial layers were used to determine the performance and economic of layers fed with ration containing Ground Prosopis Juliflora Pods (GPJP) at levels of 0 (T 1), 10 (T 2), 20 (T 3) and 30% (T 4) of the total ration. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments, each replicated three times with 15 birds per replicate. The experiment lasted 12 weeks. Hens were individually weighed at the start and end of the experiment. Data on Dry Matter Intake (DMI), Hen Day Egg Production (HDEP), egg weight and egg mass were recorded daily. Egg quality parameters (egg shell weight and thickness, albumen weight and height, Haugh unit and egg yolk weight and color) were determined at an interval of 3 days on 6 eggs per replicate. GPJP contained 12.1% CP, 7.3% ether extract, 14.4% crude fiber and 82.3 μg/100 g beta-carotene. DMI and HDEP was lower (p&lt;0.05) for T 4 than T 1 and T 2 and that of egg mass was significantly lower (p&lt;0.05) for T 4 than T 1 (DMI: 111.4, 111.8, 110.5 and 105.4 g/day (SEM = 1.92); HDEP: 67.2, 67.7, 62.7 and 60.0% (SEM = 0.02); egg mass: 44.0, 43.8, 41.3 and 39.6 g/day (SEM = 1.49) for T 1, T 2, T 3 and T 4, respectively). Body weight change and feed conversion ratio was not impacted (p&gt;0.05) by treatment. Except for egg yolk color which was greater (p&lt;0.05) for T 4 than other treatments, all quality parameters were similar among treatments. Therefore, based on the results of the current study, the 10% GPJP inclusion level in the ration of layers is more economical. Although 30% GPJP inclusion level in the ration of layers improved egg yolk color and it appeared to result in reduction of egg production and egg mass. Therefore, up to 20% GPJP inclusion in layers ration is recommendable based on the performance of the birds, although the treatment with 10% GPJP in the ration seems to be more economical. ©Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Bovans Brown; Egg mass; Egg quality; Ground Prosopis juliflora pods	Aves; Prosopis juliflora	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856748698	Factors influencing reproductive performance of cows from different Nguni ecotypes in southern Mozambique	Maciel S.M.A., Amimo J., Martins M., Mwai A.O., Scholtz M.M., Neser F.W.C.	2012	Tropical Animal Health and Production	44	3	10.1007/s11250-011-9915-0	Department of Animal Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, UFS, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Biotechnology Theme, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; REMOC, Lda (Reprodutores de Mozambique, Lda)- Posto Fomento Impaputo, Maputo, Mozambique; ARC-Animal Production Institute, Irene, South Africa	Maciel, S.M.A., Department of Animal Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, UFS, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Amimo, J., Biotechnology Theme, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Martins, M., REMOC, Lda (Reprodutores de Mozambique, Lda)- Posto Fomento Impaputo, Maputo, Mozambique; Mwai, A.O., Biotechnology Theme, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Scholtz, M.M., Department of Animal Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, UFS, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa, ARC-Animal Production Institute, Irene, South Africa; Neser, F.W.C., Department of Animal Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, UFS, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	The objective of this study was to assess the reproductive performance of two Nguni ecotypes (Nguni and Landim) raised in a subtropical environment to enhance strategies for livestock development and restocking programmes within the southern African region. Reproduction data collected between 1996 and 2009 from 365 cows of the Landim and Nguni ecotypes were analysed. From the results, ecotype, place of birth, year and season of birth/calving had significant effects on age at first calving (AFC) and calving interval (CI). Overall means for AFC and CI were 1,071 ± 166 days and 432 ± 85 days, respectively, while average calving rate was 88.0 ± 4.7%. Heifers born in the dry season had lower AFC than heifers born in the wet season. Heifers born at Impaputo Breeding Center were the youngest at first calving, followed by the South African born ones. Heifers of the Landim ecotype also calved younger than heifers of the Nguni ecotype. CI was shorter in wet seasons (main breeding seasons) than in dry seasons. Interaction between ecotype and year-season (p < 0.005) showed that, in wet and dry seasons, Nguni cows had shorter CI than the Landim. This study demonstrates for the first time a possible genotype-by-environment interaction between Nguni ecotypes. This might aid future cattle development and restocking programmes in southern Africa taking into consideration the adaptation of indigenous genotypes and climate change. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Breeding season; Calving; Landim; Livestock development; Sanga; Subtropical environment	age distribution; animal; article; breeding; cattle; ecotype; female; genotype environment interaction; Mozambique; physiology; reproduction; season; veterinary abortion; Abortion, Veterinary; Age Distribution; Animals; Breeding; Cattle; Ecotype; Female; Gene-Environment Interaction; Mozambique; Reproduction; Seasons; Bos; Sanga	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881520472	The effect of geographical region of birth on the reproductive performance of the Nguni in Southern Mozambique	Maciel S., Okeyo A.M., Amimo J., Scholtz M.M., Neser F.W.C., Martins M.	2013	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	43	5	10.4314/sajas.v43i5.11	Department of Animal Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, UFS, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; International Livestock Research Institute, Biotechnology Theme, Nairobi, Kenya; ARC-Animal Production Institute, Irene, South Africa; REMOC, Reprodutores de Mozambique, Lda, Posto Fomento Impaputo, Maputo, Mozambique	Maciel, S., Department of Animal Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, UFS, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Okeyo, A.M., International Livestock Research Institute, Biotechnology Theme, Nairobi, Kenya; Amimo, J., International Livestock Research Institute, Biotechnology Theme, Nairobi, Kenya; Scholtz, M.M., Department of Animal Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, UFS, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa, ARC-Animal Production Institute, Irene, South Africa; Neser, F.W.C., Department of Animal Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, UFS, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Martins, M., REMOC, Reprodutores de Mozambique, Lda, Posto Fomento Impaputo, Maputo, Mozambique	The objective of this study was to assess the effect of place of birth on the reproductive performance of two Nguni ecotypes (Nguni and Landim) raised in a sub-tropical environment to enhance strategies for livestock development and restocking programmes within the southern African region. Reproduction data collected between 1994 and 2009 from 301 cows of the Landim (n = 122) and Nguni (n = 179) ecotypes were analysed. Results indicated that ecotype and place of birth had significant effects on age at first calving (AFC) and calving interval (CI). The means for AFC were 1085 and 1003 days, those for CI were 422 and 436 days, while the calving rate (CR) was 90.0% and 85.7% for the Nguni and Landim, respectively. This study demonstrates for the first time a possible genotype by environment interaction between Nguni ecotypes. This might aid future cattle development and restocking programmes in southern Africa, taking into consideration the adaptation of indigenous genotypes and climate change.	Age at first calving; Calving interval; Ecotypes; Environment; Landim	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878476933	Feedlot performance of the Nguni ecotypes in southern Mozambique	Maciel S., Amimo J., Martins M., Okeyo A.M., Scholtz M.M., Neser F.W.C.	2013	Livestock Research for Rural Development	25	6	None	Department of Animal Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, UFS, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; International Livestock Research Institute, Biotechnology Theme, South Africa; REMOC, Lda, Posto Fomento do Impaputo, South Africa; ARC-Animal Production Institute, Irene, South Africa	Maciel, S., Department of Animal Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, UFS, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Amimo, J., International Livestock Research Institute, Biotechnology Theme, South Africa; Martins, M., REMOC, Lda, Posto Fomento do Impaputo, South Africa; Okeyo, A.M., International Livestock Research Institute, Biotechnology Theme, South Africa; Scholtz, M.M., ARC-Animal Production Institute, Irene, South Africa; Neser, F.W.C., Department of Animal Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, UFS, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	The objective of this study was to compare the growth performance of two Nguni ecotypes and its crosses (Nguni x Landim) raised under the same feedlot conditions at the Posto Fomento do Impaputo, in southern Mozambique. Live weight feedlot data, from entry to marketing, were collected every fortnight between 1999 and 2009 from 453 oxen of the Nguni and Landim male ecotypes, as well as the crosses. Year-season of birth had significant effects on live weight at entry in the feedlot and at marketing age. Overall means for average age at entry in the feedlot was 31.8 ± 4 months, with the Landim being younger than the Cross (p=0.07). The average live weight at entry in the feedlot was 390 ± 42.5 kg, with no differences between ecotypes (p>0.05). Males born in dry year-seasons were heavier than males born in wet years-seasons (p<0.0001 to p<0.05).The average age at marketing of the Nguni ecotypes was 34.4 ± 5.08 months, with the Landim being younger (p<0.05) than the Cross. The average live weight at marketing was 446 ± 42.2 kg. The average live weights at entry and at marketing were higher in dry years-seasons than in wet years-seasons. There were no differences between ecotypes for average daily gain (0.89 ± 0.79 kg) in this study. Growth rates for the feedlot in the Nguni cattle obtained in this study were substantially lower than that obtained for the Ngunis in South Africa albeit they entered the feedlot at a much older age. This study demonstrates that in Mozambique feedlot industry is still underdeveloped with main constraints on feed resources, especially concentrates.	Beef; Calving; Indigenous; Livestock development; Sanga; Sub-tropical environment	Bos; Sanga	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951521184	Evaluation of models for assessing Medicago sativa L. hay quality	Scholtz G.D.J., van der Merwe H.J., Tylutki T.P.	2009	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	39	SUPPL. 1	None	Department of Animal- Wildlife- and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 399, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Agricultural Modeling and Training Systems, 418 Davis Rd Cortland, NY 13045, United States	Scholtz, G.D.J., Department of Animal- Wildlife- and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 399, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; van der Merwe, H.J., Department of Animal- Wildlife- and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 399, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Tylutki, T.P., Agricultural Modeling and Training Systems, 418 Davis Rd Cortland, NY 13045, United States	A study was conducted to evaluate current proposed models for assessing Medicago sativa L. hay quality, using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) analyses and Cornell Nett Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) milk production prediction as a criterion of accuracy. Application of the theoretically-based summative total digestible nutrients (TDNlig) model of Weiss et al. (1992), using lignin to determine truly digestible NDF, explained almost all of the variation in milk yield (MY) (r 2 = 0.98). However, this model involves high analysis costs to develop and maintain NIRS calibrations and several of its components were poorly predicted by NIRS and therefore, not suited for quality assessment in practice. Current available models (forage quality index (FQI), relative forage quality (RFQ); relative feed value (RFV)) for assessing Medicago sativa L. hay quality revealed lower accuracies (r 2 = 0.83, r 2 = 0.76, r 2 = 0.61, respectively), especially when protein was included in the model (total forage quality index (TFI); r 2 &lt; 0.49). The developed empirical equation named lucerne milk value (LMV), including ADF, ash and lignin (Y = b0 - b1ADF - b2ash - b3lignin) (r 2 = 0.96), proved to be the most practical, simplistic, economical and accurate quality evaluation model for commercial application. © South African Society for Animal Science.	CNCPS; FQI; LMV; Lucerne hay; NIRS; RFQ; RFV; TFI	Lettuce mosaic virus; Medicago sativa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84913543474	The effect of dietary lipid saturation and antioxidant type on the performance of finishing lambs	van der Walt K.E., Einkamerer O.B., van Der Merwe H.J., Hugo A., Slippers S.C., Fair M.D.	2014	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	44	5	10.4314/sajas.v44i5.8	Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Meadow Feeds, P.O. Box 6224, Weltevreden Park, South Africa	van der Walt, K.E., Meadow Feeds, P.O. Box 6224, Weltevreden Park, South Africa; Einkamerer, O.B., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa; van Der Merwe, H.J., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Hugo, A., Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Slippers, S.C., Meadow Feeds, P.O. Box 6224, Weltevreden Park, South Africa; Fair, M.D., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa	The effect on production performance of a synthetic or natural antioxidant and lipid saturation in the finishing diets of lambs was investigated. The four dietary treatments consisted of the same basal diet (187 g CP, 355 g NDF, and 71 g EE per kg DM), differing only in regard to the supplemental lipid source (30 g/kg of either saturated beef tallow or unsaturated soybean oil) and type of antioxidant (125 g/ton of either a synthetic or natural antioxidant) included, in a 2 × 2 factorial design experiment. Eighty-four S.A. Mutton Merino lambs (27.64 ± 1.72 kg) were randomly allocated to the four dietary treatments (n = 21 lambs per treatment) and subdivided into 7 replicates per treatment (n = 3 lambs per replicate). After a dietary adaptation period of 8 days, all lambs received the respective experimental diets for the remaining period (41 days). The average daily DM feed intake, weight gain and feed efficiency was calculated accordingly. No significant differences in DMI, ADG and the efficiency with which ingested feed were utilized (FCR), were recorded for the treatments. However, the addition of unsaturated soybean oil to the diet significantly increased the efficiency with which the ME of the diet was utilized. In contrast with the natural antioxidant, the inclusion of unsaturated soybean oil in the diet containing a synthetic antioxidant, resulted in a significant lower MEI by the lambs - indicating that a lipid x antioxidant interaction occurred. Results of the present study seem to indicate that dietary lipid saturation in the finishing diets of lambs had no influence on their growth performance. However, a more efficient utilisation of ME in the finishing diet containing unsaturated soybean oil, compared to the saturated beef tallow, did occur.	Fatty acid; Flavonoid; Metabolizable energy; Oil; Production; Sheep; Soybean; Tallow	Glycine max; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-43049100760	The use of a cluster analysis in across herd genetic evaluation for beef cattle	Neser F.W.C., Erasmus G.J., Scholtz M.M.	2008	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	38	1	None	Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, UFS, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Neser, F.W.C., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, UFS, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Erasmus, G.J., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, UFS, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Scholtz, M.M., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, UFS, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	To investigate the possibility of a genotype x environment interaction in Bonsmara cattle, a cluster analysis was performed on weaning weight records of 72 811 Bonsmara calves, the progeny of 1 434 sires and 24 186 dams in 35 herds. The following environmental factors were used to classify herds into clusters: solution for herd effects corrected for year-season, sex, age of dam and age at weaning (indicative of the management level in a herd), herd size and average temperature and rainfall. Two different genetic analyses were performed. Breeding values obtained in a univariate analysis were used as basis for comparison to breeding values obtained from a multivariate analysis where weaning weight in each cluster was considered as a separate trait. Direct additive, maternal additive, permanent maternal environment and Herd-Year-Season x Sire (HYSxS) interaction were included as random effects in both analyses. The direct genetic correlations between the clusters varied between 0.51 and 1.00. The low correlation estimates between some of the clusters indicate a possible genotype x environment interaction. Substantial reranking of sires between clusters did occur. However, further research is needed to identify and prioritize variables that can describe the genetics, management and climate of each herd more accurately. © South African Society for Animal Science.	Bonsmara cattle; Genotype by environment interaction; Weaning weight	Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875617700	Disturbances impact on longevity of grass seeds, semi-arid South African Rangeland	Snyman H.A.	2013	Rangeland Ecology and Management	66	2	10.2111/REM-D-11-00145.1	Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Snyman, H.A., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	The effect of plant and soil disturbances on seed density, species richness, and seed longevity of the soil seed bank was quantified for a semi-arid rangeland, over a 5-yr period (2002/2003-2006/2007 growing seasons). The different soil and plant treatments included fire, tillage (intended as a trampling surrogate), and blocked seed rain (simulating heavy grazing). These three experimental factors were combined in a factorial arrangement. Seed responses were evaluated in the soil seed bank before the new seed set, after the first seed production event, and after the second seed production event. Before disturbance (physical impact on the plant and soil), soil seed bank was dominated by early successional species: conversely, aboveground vegetation was mainly dominated by perennial grasses. After only 4 yr of blocked seed rain, seedling emergence of Decreaser grass species ceased totally both in the field and seed bank, with lower effect on Increaser grass species. Emergence of both Decreaser and Increaser grass species decreased in the seed bank with tillage, whereas the opposite occurred in the field. By contrast, tillage increased the emergence of weeds in the seed bank. The decrease in emergence of Decreaser grass species in both seed bank and field was still evident 4 yr after the rangeland was burnt. The grass species Themeda triandra was the most sensitive to fire in terms of seedling emergence. Blocked seed rain treatment significantly decreased (P < 0.05) species richness. Regardless of treatments applied, there was poor similarity between aboveground vegetation and the associated seed bank. Differences in the soil seed bank are likely to reflect manifested properties rather than short-term changes. Several characteristics of seed banks (species composition, seed abundance, and longevity) must be considered in order to understand the dynamics of plant communities following disturbances. © 2013 The Society for Range Management.	blocked seed rain; fire; seedling emergence; species richness; tillage	aboveground biomass; community dynamics; dominance; environmental disturbance; experimental study; grass; grazing; longevity; perennial plant; rangeland; seed bank; seed rain; seed set; seedling emergence; semiarid region; soil profile; species richness; tillage; South Africa; Poaceae; Themeda triandra	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951522060	The effect of dietary ionophores on feedlot performance of lambs	Price M.M., Einkamerer O.B., de Witt F.H., Greyling J.P.C., Fair M.D.	2009	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	39	SUPPL. 1	None	Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Price, M.M., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Einkamerer, O.B., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; de Witt, F.H., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Greyling, J.P.C., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Fair, M.D., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different rumen fermentation modifiers (ionophores) in feedlot finisher diets on the production performance of S.A. Mutton Merino lambs. Monensin (16.4 mg/kg), lasalocid (33.0 mg/kg) or salinomycin (17.5 mg/kg) was incorporated into a commercial high-protein (398 g CP/kg DM) concentrate. Treatment diets consisted of maize meal (650 g/kg), lucerne hay (150 g/kg) and a protein concentrate (200 g/kg; containing an ionophore or not) to supply isonitrogenous (177 g CP/kg DM) total mixed diets during the experimental period. Sixty lambs (29.7 ± 2.5 kg) were randomly allocated to the treatment groups (n = 15/treatment) and each treatment was further subdivided into five replicates (n = 3/replicate). Individual body weight and average feed intake per replicate were recorded weekly and used to calculate the feed conversion ratio (FCR) and average daily gain (ADG). Ionophore treatment had no effect on any of the feedlot performance parameters measured (feed intake: 1379, 1434, 1534 and 1559 g DM/day; ADG: 298, 314, 340 and 329 g/day; FCR: 4.66, 4.58, 4.51 and 4.74 g DM intake/kg live weight gained for the Control, Monensin, Lasalocid and Salinomycin treatments, respectively. The results suggest the efficiency of the different rumen fermentation modifiers to be similar and financial implications and/or animal preference would influence their usage in sheep diets. © South African Society for Animal Science.	Feed efficiency; Ionophores; Lambs; Production	Animalia; Medicago sativa; Ovis aries; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868608721	Growth performance of indigenous chickens under intensive management conditions in Northwest Ethiopia	Hassen H., Neser F.W.C., de Kock A., van Marle-Köster E.	2006	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	36	5SUPPL.1	None	Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Department of Hematology and Cell biology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Hassen, H., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Neser, F.W.C., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; de Kock, A., Department of Hematology and Cell biology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; van Marle-Köster, E., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa	A study was conducted to evaluate the growth performance of indigenous and Rhode Island Red (RIR) chickens under intensive management conditions for 22 weeks using standard commercial diets. Eggs from seven indigenous chicken lines were collected from the respective administrative zones in northwest Ethiopia and hatched. The experimental layout was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Data on feed consumption, body weight and related parameters were recorded up to the age of 22 weeks. The mean total feed intakes at the end of the growth phase were 13799, 15162, 13438, 13249, 13813, 13356, 14112 and 12832 g for the Tilili, Gellilia, Debre-Ellias, Mello-Hamusit, Gassay, Guangua, Mecha and RIR, respectively. There was no significant difference in feed consumption among the tested chicken ecotypes. However, a significant difference was observed in the average body weight and body weight gain between the different lines. The mean body weights for Tilili, Gellilia, Debre-Ellias, Mello-Hamusit, Gassay, Guangua, Mecha and RIR were 1191, 1186, 1054, 1222, 1038, 1249, 1257 and 1394 g, respectively. Mortality from hatching to end of the growth period was higher for all the indigenous lines in comparison to the RIR. The mortality rates from day old to 22 weeks varied from 18.9% (RIR) to 82.4% (Debre-Ellias), respectively. © South African Society for Animal Science.	Growth performance; Indigenous chickens; Intensive production systems; Mortality	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745652456	Studies on the growth performance of native chicken ecotypes and RIR chicken under improved management system in Northwest Ethiopia	Hassen H., Neser F.W.C., Dessie T., De Kock A., Van Marle-Koster E.	2006	Livestock Research for Rural Development	18	6	None	Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; ILRI, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Hematology and Cell Biology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Department of Animal Science and Grassland Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Hassen, H., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Neser, F.W.C., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Dessie, T., ILRI, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; De Kock, A., Department of Hematology and Cell Biology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Van Marle-Koster, E., Department of Animal Science and Grassland Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa	A study was conducted to evaluate the growth performance of native and RIR chickens under intensive management condition for 22 weeks using a standard commercial ration. Seven native chicken populations were collected from representative administrative zones in northwest Ethiopia. The experimental layout was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Data on feed consumption, body weight and related parameters were collected up to the age of 22 weeks. The mean total feed intake for the seven native chicken ecotypes and RIR chicken lines at the end of their growth phase were 13.80, 15.16, 13.44, 13.25, 13.81, 13.36, 14.11 and 12.83 kg for the native chicken types named as Tilili, Gellilia, Debre-Ellias, Mello-Hamusit, Gassay, Guangua, Mecha and RIR, respectively. There was no significant difference in feed consumption among the tested chicken ecotypes. However, a significant (p<0.05) difference was observed in average body weight and body weight gain between the different lines. The average body weights for Tilili , Gellilia, Debre-Ellias, Mello-Hamusit, Gassay, Guangua, Mecha and RIR were 1191, 1186, 1054, 1222, 1038, 1249, 1257 and 1394 g respectively. The lowest and highest mean mature body weight at the age of 22 weeks were 1038 g for Gassay and 1257g for Mecha native chicken lines, respectively. Besides, the average mature body weight for Tilili, Gellilia, Debre-Ellias, Mello-Hamusit, Gassay, Guangua, Mecha and RIR was 1191, 1186, 1054, 1222, 1038, 1249, 1257 and 1394 g and their mean daily body weight growth rates were 7.6, 7.5, 6.7, 7.8, 6.6, 7.9, 8.0 and 8.8 g per bird, respectively. The native chicken lines named as Mello-Hamusit, Guangua and Mecha were the fastest growers among the native chicken lines. Mortality from hatching to end of the growth period i.e. at maturity was higher for all the native and RIR chickens used under intensive management condition.	Growth; Intensive; Native chickens; RIR	Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925497945	Human harvesting impacts on managed areas: ecological effects of socially-compatible shellfish reserves	Aswani S., Flores C.F., Broitman B.R.	2014	Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries	25	1	10.1007/s11160-014-9376-4	Department of Anthropology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science (DIFS), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; IGP Marine Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas (CEAZA), Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile	Aswani, S., Department of Anthropology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa, Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science (DIFS), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Flores, C.F., Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States, IGP Marine Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; Broitman, B.R., Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas (CEAZA), Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile	We examined how human harvesting impacts on managed areas affect the abundance and size distribution of the edible mangrove shellfish Anadara granosa and Polymesoda spp. in the Roviana Lagoon, Solomon Islands. We tested two hypotheses: (1) in areas permanently and temporally closed to human exploitation, abundance and size distribution of these shellfish species is significantly greater than in sites open to exploitation and (2) moderate human disturbance of shell beds, particularly of Polymesoda spp., increases their abundance. Firstly, we studied perceptions of environmental states and processes coupled to foraging and management interventions to assess sociocultural influences on harvesting practices and ascertain the types of management regime that people would consider in a context where poaching and interloping are common practices. Secondly, we compared shellfish abundance and shell size from areas that were permanently protected, temporally reserved for communal harvest, and permanently open for exploitation. Thirdly, drawing from women’s local knowledge, we measured the abundance of Polymesoda spp. in relation to mud compactness in quadrats across the three management regimes. Results showed that both species were significantly more abundant in permanent and temporally closed sites than in open sites. In the mud compactness study, however, while shell abundance was greater in moderately compacted quadrats, there was no statistical relationship between mud compactness and shell abundance within or across the three management regimes. Results suggest that even under the strong impacts of poaching, temporally closed areas have more clams than open areas and are as effective as areas that are permanently closed nominally. The results also suggest that human harvesting regimes can influence the effectiveness of local management decisions and thus are important when designing community-based conservation programs in the Solomon Islands and other Pacific Islands. © 2014, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.	Ecological disturbance; Ecological impacts; Foraging; MPAs; Shellfish; Social acceptability; Solomon Islands	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-42249093313	Intersexual conflict and group size in Alouatta palliata: A 23-year evaluation	Ryan S.J., Starks P.T., Milton K., Getz W.M.	2008	International Journal of Primatology	29	2	10.1007/s10764-007-9172-2	Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Department of Anthropology, McGill School of Environment, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T7, Canada; Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States; Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa	Ryan, S.J., Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States, Department of Anthropology, McGill School of Environment, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T7, Canada; Starks, P.T., Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States; Milton, K., Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Getz, W.M., Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa	Models of optimal primate group size suggest that group formation and growth arise to benefit individual fitness, but that size is limited by costs. The ecological constraints hypothesis posits that group formation and growth is driven by protection from predation or the advantages of group foraging, while an upper limit on group size is constrained by travel costs and intragroup competition for food or other critical resources. Socioecological models also predict that individual reproductive success, hypothesized to decrease with increasing group size, also places an upper limit on the number of individuals in a group. Our analysis of 23 yr of group composition data on mantled howlers (Alouatta palliata) from a single Panamanian study site on Barro Colorado Island not only corroborates the socioecological model but also shows that female reproductive success increased, whereas that of males decreased, with the less female-biased sex ratios in larger groups. We suggest that the conflict of interest between the sexes over adult sex ratio, particularly the male proportion in a group, in combination with ecological factors, is an important determinant of group size and composition. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Alouatta palliata; Barro Colorado Island; Group size; Reproductive success; Sex ratio	fitness; group size; intersexual interaction; primate; reproductive success; sex ratio; sexual conflict; Barro Colorado Island; Central America; Gatun Lake; Panama [Central America]; Alouatta; Alouatta palliata; Primates	None
None	None	Postpartum Contraception in Northern Tanzania: Patterns of Use, Relationship to Antenatal Intentions, and Impact of Antenatal Counseling	Keogh S.C., Urassa M., Kumogola Y., Kalongoji S., Kimaro D., Zaba B.	2015	Studies in Family Planning	46	4	10.1111/j.1728-4465.2015.00040.x	Department of Anthropology, University College London, Gower Street, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania; Magu District Council, Tanzania; Mwanza City Council, Tanzania; Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Keogh, S.C., Department of Anthropology, University College London, Gower Street, London, United Kingdom; Urassa, M., National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania; Kumogola, Y., National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania; Kalongoji, S., Magu District Council, Tanzania; Kimaro, D., Mwanza City Council, Tanzania; Zaba, B., Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	In Tanzania, unmet need for contraception is high, particularly in the postpartum period. Contraceptive counseling during routine antenatal HIV testing could reach 97 percent of pregnant women with much-needed information, but requires an understanding of postpartum contraceptive use and its relationship to antenatal intentions. We conducted a baseline survey of reproductive behavior among 5,284 antenatal clients in Northern Tanzania, followed by an intervention offering contraceptive counseling to half the respondents. A follow-up survey at 6-15 months postpartum examined patterns and determinants of postpartum contraceptive use, assessed their correspondence with antenatal intentions, and evaluated the impact of the intervention. Despite high loss to follow-up, our findings indicate that condoms and hormonal methods had particular and distinct roles in the postpartum period, based on understandings of postpartum fertility. Antenatal intentions were poor predictors of postpartum reproductive behavior. Antenatal counseling had an effect on postpartum contraceptive intentions, but not on use. Different antenatal/contraceptive service integration models should be tested to determine how and when antenatal counseling can be most effective. © 2015 The Population Council, Inc.	None	contraceptive use; fertility; health impact; health services; information; reproductive behavior; Tanzania	None
None	None	The impact of antenatal HIV diagnosis on postpartum childbearing desires in northern Tanzania: A mixed methods study	Keogh S.C., Urassa M., Roura M., Kumogola Y., Kalongoji S., Kimaro D., Changalucha J., Zaba B.	2012	Reproductive Health Matters	20	None	10.1016/S0968-8080(12)39634-1	Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania; Barcelona Centre for International Health Research, Barcelona, Spain; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania; Population Studies Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Keogh, S.C., Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Urassa, M., National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania; Roura, M., Barcelona Centre for International Health Research, Barcelona, Spain, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Kumogola, Y., National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania; Kalongoji, S.; Kimaro, D.; Changalucha, J., National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania; Zaba, B., Population Studies Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	With the expansion of routine antenatal HIV testing, women are increasingly discovering they are HIV-positive during pregnancy. While several studies have examined the impact of HIV on childbearing in Africa, few have focused on the antenatal/postpartum period. Addressing this research gap will help tailor contraceptive counseling to HIV-positive women's needs. Our study measures how antenatal HIV diagnosis affects postpartum childbearing desires, adjusting for effects of HIV before diagnosis. A baseline survey on reproductive behavior was administered to 5,284 antenatal clients before they underwent routine HIV testing. Fifteen months later, a follow-up survey collected information on postpartum reproductive behavior from 2,162 women, and in-depth interviews with 25 women investigated attitudes toward HIV and childbearing. HIV diagnosis was associated with a long-term downward adjustment in childbearing desires, but not with changes in short-term postpartum desires. The qualitative interviews identified health concerns and nurses' dissuasion as major factors discouraging childbearing post-diagnosis. At the same time, pronatalist social norms appeared to pressure women to continue childbearing. Given the potential for fertility desires to change following antenatal HIV diagnosis, contraceptive counseling should be provided on a continuum from antenatal through postpartum care, taking into account the conflicting pressures faced by HIV-positive women in relation to childbearing.	Antenatal care; Fertility desires; HIV and pregnancy; Post-partum period; Reproductive health services; Tanzania	antiretrovirus agent; age distribution; article; attitude to pregnancy; educational status; family decision making; family size; female; follow up; HIV test; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infection risk; maternal attitude; parity; paternal attitude; prenatal diagnosis; prevalence; priority journal; puerperium; qualitative analysis; reproductive rights; risk reduction; rural population; sexual behavior; Tanzania; virus transmission; women's health; women's rights; Adolescent; Adult; Contraception; Family Planning Services; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Intention; Middle Aged; Motivation; Pregnancy; Prenatal Diagnosis; Prevalence; Qualitative Research; Reproductive History; Tanzania; Young Adult	None
None	None	Lethal aggression in Pan is better explained by adaptive strategies than human impacts	Wilson M.L., Boesch C., Fruth B., Furuichi T., Gilby I.C., Hashimoto C., Hobaiter C.L., Hohmann G., Itoh N., Koops K., Lloyd J.N., Matsuzawa T., Mitani J.C., Mjungu D.C., Morgan D., Muller M.N., Mundry R., Nakamura M., Pruetz J., Pusey A.E., Riedel J., Sa	2014	Nature	513	7518	10.1038/nature13727	Department of Anthropology, University of Minnesota, 395 Humphrey Center, 301 19th Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN, United States; Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, Germany; Division of Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universitaet Muenchen, Germany; Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Belgium; Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan; Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, 104 Biological Sciences Building, Box 90383, Durham, NC, United States; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, PO Box 872402, Tempe, AZ, United States; School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St. Andrews, Westburn Lane, St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom; Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, 2-24 Tanaka-Sekiden-Cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Biological Anthropology, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Henry Wellcome Building, Fitzwilliam Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Zoology Department, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Japan Monkey Center, 26 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan; Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, 101 West Hall, 1085 S. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Gombe Stream Research Centre, Jane Goodall Institute - Tanzania, P.O. Box 1182, Kigoma, Tanzania; Lester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Anthropology, MSC01-1040, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Anthropology, Iowa State University, 324 Curtiss, Ames, IA, United States; Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Mailbox 1114, One Brookings Drive, St Louis, MO, United States; University of York, Department of Psychology, Heslington, York, United Kingdom; Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States; Department of Anthropology, Yale University, 10 Sachem Street, New Haven, CT, United States; Université de Neuchâtel, Institut de Biologie, Rue Emile-Argand 11, Neuchâtel, Switzerland; Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, United States	Wilson, M.L., Department of Anthropology, University of Minnesota, 395 Humphrey Center, 301 19th Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN, United States, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN, United States; Boesch, C., Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, Germany; Fruth, B., Division of Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universitaet Muenchen, Germany, Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Belgium; Furuichi, T., Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan; Gilby, I.C., Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, 104 Biological Sciences Building, Box 90383, Durham, NC, United States, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, PO Box 872402, Tempe, AZ, United States; Hashimoto, C., Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan; Hobaiter, C.L., School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St. Andrews, Westburn Lane, St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom; Hohmann, G., Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, Germany; Itoh, N., Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, 2-24 Tanaka-Sekiden-Cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan; Koops, K., Division of Biological Anthropology, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Henry Wellcome Building, Fitzwilliam Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Lloyd, J.N., Zoology Department, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Matsuzawa, T., Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan, Japan Monkey Center, 26 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan; Mitani, J.C., Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, 101 West Hall, 1085 S. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Mjungu, D.C., Gombe Stream Research Centre, Jane Goodall Institute - Tanzania, P.O. Box 1182, Kigoma, Tanzania; Morgan, D., Lester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL, United States; Muller, M.N., Department of Anthropology, MSC01-1040, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States; Mundry, R., Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, Germany; Nakamura, M., Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, 2-24 Tanaka-Sekiden-Cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan; Pruetz, J., Department of Anthropology, Iowa State University, 324 Curtiss, Ames, IA, United States; Pusey, A.E., Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, 104 Biological Sciences Building, Box 90383, Durham, NC, United States; Riedel, J., Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, Germany; Sanz, C., Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Mailbox 1114, One Brookings Drive, St Louis, MO, United States; Schel, A.M., University of York, Department of Psychology, Heslington, York, United Kingdom; Simmons, N., Zoology Department, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Waller, M., Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States; Watts, D.P., Department of Anthropology, Yale University, 10 Sachem Street, New Haven, CT, United States; White, F., Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States; Wittig, R.M., Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, Germany; Zuberbühler, K., School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St. Andrews, Westburn Lane, St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom, Université de Neuchâtel, Institut de Biologie, Rue Emile-Argand 11, Neuchâtel, Switzerland; Wrangham, R.W., Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, United States	Observations of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus) provide valuable comparative data for understanding the significance of conspecific killing. Two kinds of hypothesis have been proposed. Lethal violence is sometimes concluded to be the result of adaptive strategies, such that killers ultimately gain fitness benefits by increasing their access to resources such as food or mates. Alternatively, it could be a non-adaptive result of human impacts, such as habitat change or food provisioning. To discriminate between these hypotheses we compiled information from 18 chimpanzee communities and 4 bonobo communities studied over five decades. Our data include 152 killings (n = 58 observed, 41 inferred, and 53 suspected killings) by chimpanzees in 15 communities and one suspected killing by bonobos. We found that males were the most frequent attackers (92% of participants) and victims (73%); most killings (66%) involved intercommunity attacks; and attackers greatly outnumbered their victims (median 8:1 ratio). Variation in killing rates was unrelated to measures of human impacts. Our results are compatible with previously proposed adaptive explanations for killing by chimpanzees, whereas the human impact hypothesis is not supported. ©2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.	None	adaptation; aggression; anthropogenic effect; conspecific; data acquisition; fitness; hominid; hunting; male; resource availability; species conservation; violence; adaptive behavior; aggression; Article; female; fighting; male; nonhuman; Pan paniscus; Pan troglodytes; population density; priority journal; victim; violence; Africa; animal; animal behavior; article; biological model; food; human; human activities; meta analysis; physiology; psychological aspect; sexual behavior; wild animal; Pan; Pan paniscus; Pan troglodytes; Africa; Aggression; Animals; Animals, Wild; Behavior, Animal; Female; Food; Human Activities; Humans; Male; Models, Biological; Pan paniscus; Pan troglodytes; Population Density; Sexual Behavior, Animal	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865958876	Identification and evaluation propagation techniques of Hypoestes forskaolii (Grbia) as bee fodder for smallholder farmers	Gebremedhn H., Tesfay Y.	2012	Livestock Research for Rural Development	24	9	None	Department of Apiculture and sericulture, Mekelle Agricultural Research Center, Tigray Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 492, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Mekelle Universities, Faculty of dry land agriculture and natural resource, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia	Gebremedhn, H., Department of Apiculture and sericulture, Mekelle Agricultural Research Center, Tigray Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 492, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia, Mekelle Universities, Faculty of dry land agriculture and natural resource, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Tesfay, Y., Department of Apiculture and sericulture, Mekelle Agricultural Research Center, Tigray Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 492, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia, Mekelle Universities, Faculty of dry land agriculture and natural resource, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia	Hypoestes forskaolii is one of the most important honeybee floras of Northern Ethiopia. However the plant is currently threatened due to population pressure and farmland expansion. Moreover, for rapid propagation of the plant its propagation techniques were not identified. Thus the study was designed to identify and evaluate different propagation techniques of the plant. The study was conducted in Mekelle Agricultural Research Center, Mekelle. Data were statistically analyzed using one way ANOVA analysis of variance. Least significant difference /LSD were calculated to identify significant difference among the treatments using Genstat 13th version statistical software. Six successful propagation techniques of the plant were identified. These were direct cutting, cuttings using pot, transplanting seedlings, splitting or dividing the main branch of the mother plant, air layering and ground layering. There was significant difference among the means of techniques on canopy cover, flowering period, height, number of flowers and branches, and seed yield per plant (p&lt;0.05). Splitting had the highest flower numbers (2029); while air layering had the smallest numbers of flowers (703). The number of flowers had positive correlation with the number of branches, height and flowering period of the plant. Finally, it is recommended to use splitting as best propagation technique of H. forskaolii under its natural growing areas or under in-situ.	Flowers; Honeybee; Planting method	Animalia; Apis mellifera; Apoidea; Hypoestes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872141382	Identification and evaluation of propagation techniques of a native bee forage, 'tebeb' (becium grandflorum)	Gebremedhn H., Wakijira K.	2013	Livestock Research for Rural Development	25	1	None	Department of Apiculture and sericulture, Mekelle Agricultural Research Center, Tigray Agricultural Research Institute, P.O.Box 492, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Holeta Bee Research Centre, P.O. Box 22, Holeta, Oromia, Ethiopia	Gebremedhn, H., Department of Apiculture and sericulture, Mekelle Agricultural Research Center, Tigray Agricultural Research Institute, P.O.Box 492, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Wakijira, K., Holeta Bee Research Centre, P.O. Box 22, Holeta, Oromia, Ethiopia	The study was conducted in Mekelle Agricultural Research Center, Mekelle. It was designed to identify and evaluate different propagation techniques of Becium grandiflorum, one of the best honey source plants of Ethiopia. Six propagation techniques were considered, namely plant cutting, seed sowing, seedling transplanting, splitting/dividing main branch of the mother the plant, air layering and ground layering. Each propagation technique was considered as a treatment. s The study found that there were difference among the treatments in canopy cover, height, number of flowers, branches and seeds per plant. From these investigations, it is concluded that propagation of B. grandiflorum by cuttings is the best for attaining maximum flower numbers with a mean of 12910, while sowing is the least with a mean flower numbers of 5637. The study also found that the species is easy to propagate by cuttings and transplanted seedlings.	Flower number; Honeybee; Treatments	Apis mellifera; Apoidea; Becium; Becium grandiflorum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38849087310	Impact of fertilizer plant effluent on water quality	Obire O., Ogan A., Okigbo R.N.	2008	International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology	5	1	None	Department of Applied and Environmental Biology, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Department of Botany, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, PMB 5025, Awka, Nigeria; Department of Applied and Environmental Biol	Obire, O., Department of Applied and Environmental Biology, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Department of Applied and Environmental Biology, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Ogan, A., Department of Applied and Environmental Biology, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Department of Applied and Environmental Biology, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Okigbo, R.N., Department of Botany, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, PMB 5025, Awka, Nigeria, Department of Botany, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria	The impact of National Fertilizer Company of Nigeria outfall effluent on the physicochemistry and bacteriology of Okrika creek was investigated during the sampling period from May to December, 1998. The National Fertilizer Company of Nigeria outfall effluent, the Okrika creek water and the Ikpukulubie creek (control) water samples were collected. The physico-chemical parameters analyzed for all the samples included temperature, pH, total chloride, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, free ammonia, total phosphate, urea, zinc and iron, while the bacteriological determinations were total culturable aerobic heterotrophic bacteria count and identification of representative isolates. The Okrika creek recorded higher concentrations for all the physico-chemical parameters and bacteria load than the control creek. The higher values of pH, Free NH3, urea, TDS and the conductivity of the National Fertilizer Company of Nigeria outfall effluent above the FEPA standards reflect the poor effluent quality generated by National Fertilizer Company of Nigeria. The bacteria species isolated from the samples include Aerococcus viridans, Alcaligenes faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens and Staphylococcus aureus. In general, the investigation revealed that there was an extremely adverse impact on the physico-chemical and bacteriological water quality characteristics of the Okrika creek as a result of the discharge of poor quality effluent from National Fertilizer Company of Nigeria operations. © IRSEN, CEERS, IAU.	Bacteriological parameters; Fertilizer; Outfall effluent; Physiochemical	Bacteria; Concentration (process); Effluents; pH effects; Water quality; bacterium; effluent; fertilizer; physicochemical property; water pollution; water quality; Africa; Ikpukulubie Creek; Nigeria; Okrika Creek; Rivers; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Aerococcus viridans; Alcaligenes faecalis; Bacillus cereus; Bacteria (microorganisms); Citrobacter freundii; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Proteus vulgaris; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Serratia marcescens; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893797538	Evaluation of effect of dietary supplementation with Dacryodes edulis G.Don pulp oil on serum lipid parameters in wistar albino rats	Ezekwesili C.N., Eneh F.U.	2014	Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences	17	7	10.3923/pjbs.2014.910.914	Department of Applied Biochemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria	Ezekwesili, C.N., Department of Applied Biochemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria; Eneh, F.U., Department of Applied Biochemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria	The pulp of Dacryodes edulis G.Don which is rich in oils is commonly consumed in Nigeria when in season. The effect of diet supplementation with edulis fruit pulp oil on body lipid parameters was evaluated in male wistar albino rats. D. edulis oil was extracted in n-hexane. The test diet was compounded using the oil extract (10%), whereas the control animals were kept on control diet formulated with groundnut oil (10%). After six weeks, the animals were anaesthetized with chloroform and blood samples collected through cardiac puncture for the determination of serum lipid profile. Results revealed that D. edulis fruit pulp oil did not cause any significant (p&gt;0.05) alterations in serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol. The total amount of lipids present in the serum was increased by 33.3%, whereas the quantity of liver lipids decreased by the same factor (33.3%). Insignificant (p&gt;0.05) increases in the weights (g 100 g-1 BW) of the liver (2.91±0.17 to 3.38±0.25), kidney (0.36±0.06 to 0.40±0.02) and heart (0.32±0.02 to 0.33±0.04) were observed in the test group. No significant change (p&gt;0.05) in the average body weight of the test animals was recorded. HPLC analysis of D. edulis oil showed that it contained palmitic acid (48.7%), linoleic acid (28.6%),oleic acid (12.9%), stearic acid (5.0%), lauric acid (2.2%), linolenic acid (1.7%) and myristic acid (0.9%). The peroxide value of the oil was 0.00. Prolonged intake of D. edulis fruit pulp oil may induce adverse effects on the body organs, even though the body lipid profile remains unaltered. © 2014 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	African pear; Artheriosclerosis; Dacryodes edulis; Dietary lipids; Serum lipids	lipid; vegetable oil; animal; blood; Burseraceae; chemistry; diet supplementation; rat; Wistar rat; Animals; Burseraceae; Dietary Supplements; Lipids; Plant Oils; Rats; Rats, Wistar	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955598430	Evaluation of the tubers and oil of Cyperus rotundus Linn (CYPERACEAE)	Emelugo B.N., Umerie S.C., Okonkwo I.F., Achufusi J.N.	2011	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	10	2	None	Department of Applied Biochemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B 5025, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria; Department of Agriculture and Bioresource Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B 5025, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria; Department of Biology, Nwa	Emelugo, B.N., Department of Applied Biochemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B 5025, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria; Umerie, S.C., Department of Applied Biochemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B 5025, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria; Okonkwo, I.F., Department of Agriculture and Bioresource Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B 5025, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria; Achufusi, J.N., Department of Biology, Nwafor Orizu College of Education, Nsugbe, Anambra State, Nigeria	The proximate analysis of Cyperus rotundus tubers were evaluated and the composition was found to be: 9.0±0.80, 1.75±0.55, 9.50±0.86, 7.87±0.92, 17.48±1.04 and 63.60±1.52% for moisture, crude protein, oil, ash, crude fibre and carbohydrate respectively. The quality of the oil extracted by Soxhlet was assessed in terms of acid value, free fatty acid content, iodine value, saponification value and specific gravity. Results showed that the oil has a low iodine number thus placing it as a non-drying oil, stable and reduced degree of unsaturation. The saponification value and the heat of combustion, implicated the oil as non-edible but can be used for making alkyd resin, shampoo and soaps. The phytochemical constituents; terpenoids, tannins and flavonoids are also implicated in the allelopathic properties of the tubers. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2011.	Characterization; Cyperus rotundus tubers; Oil extraction; Proximate evaluation	carbohydrate; fatty acid; flavonoid; iodine; resin; shampoo; soap; tannin derivative; terpenoid derivative; vegetable oil; vegetable protein; article; ash; biochemical composition; combustion; controlled study; Cyperus; Cyperus rotundus; heat; moisture; nonhuman; physical chemistry; plant fiber; plant morphology; quality control; relative density; saponification; tuber; Cyperus rotundus	None
None	None	Impact of local pre-harvest management practices in maize on the occurrence of Fusarium species and associated mycotoxins in two agro-ecosystems in Tanzania	Degraeve S., Madege R.R., Audenaert K., Kamala A., Ortiz J., Kimanya M., Tiisekwa B., De Meulenaer B., Haesaert G.	2015	Food Control	59	None	10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.05.028	Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, Ghent, Belgium; Faculty of Agriculture, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3005, Morogoro, Tanzania; Tanzania Food and Drugs Authority, P.O. Box 77150, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium; Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Cuenca University, Av. 12 de abril s/n Cdla. Universitaria, P.O. Box 01.01.168, Cuenca, Ecuador; School of Life Sciences and Bio Engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technologies, Tanzania	Degraeve, S., Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, Ghent, Belgium; Madege, R.R., Faculty of Agriculture, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3005, Morogoro, Tanzania; Audenaert, K., Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, Ghent, Belgium; Kamala, A., Tanzania Food and Drugs Authority, P.O. Box 77150, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium; Ortiz, J., Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Cuenca University, Av. 12 de abril s/n Cdla. Universitaria, P.O. Box 01.01.168, Cuenca, Ecuador; Kimanya, M., School of Life Sciences and Bio Engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technologies, Tanzania; Tiisekwa, B., Faculty of Agriculture, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3005, Morogoro, Tanzania; De Meulenaer, B., Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium; Haesaert, G., Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, Ghent, Belgium	Knowledge on the presence of mycotoxins in Africa is fragmentary, although it can be assumed that both concentrations and prevalence in food commodities is high. The present study focuses on the presence of Fusarium species and their associated mycotoxins in maize from two geographically distant agro ecological systems in Tanzania. In a two-year survey, both Fusarium species and concomitant mycotoxins were surveyed in the Northern highlands (Hanang district) and the Eastern lowlands (Kilosa district). Parallel with this, a questionnaire on agricultural practices in both agro-ecosystems was included in this study. This allowed us to put the presence of the toxigenic Fusarium species and their mycotoxins within a relevant agricultural framework.Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium poae were the predominant species in both locations although the population in the Eastern lowlands was slightly more complex comprising also Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium avenaceum and Fusarium sporotrichioides. The predominant presence of F.verticillioides resulted in a high prevalence of fumonisins in both regions. The importance of F.graminearum in the population was reflected by the presence of deoxynivalenol in the mycotoxin analysis. Although the agricultural practices differed significantly amongst both locations, only few significant correlations were detected between mycotoxin presence and crop rotation, storage conditions, and insect control measures. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.	Fusarium mycotoxins; Fusarium population; Maize; Production practices; Tanzania	Fusarium; Fusarium culmorum; Fusarium poae; Fusarium sporotrichioides; Gibberella avenacea; Gibberella zeae; Hexapoda; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876060633	Preliminary in vivo evaluation of anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous and ethanolic whole plant extracts of Phyllanthus fraternus on carrageenan-induced paw oedema in sprague-dawley rats	Oseni L.A., Amiteye D., Antwi S., Tandoh M., Aryitey G.M.	2013	Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science	3	3	10.7324/JAPS.2013.30312	Department of Applied chemistry and Biochemistry, University For Development Studies, P.O. 24, Navrongo, Ghana; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre For Scientific Research Into Plant Medicine, Mampong Akwapem, Ghana; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Oseni, L.A., Department of Applied chemistry and Biochemistry, University For Development Studies, P.O. 24, Navrongo, Ghana; Amiteye, D., Department of Applied chemistry and Biochemistry, University For Development Studies, P.O. 24, Navrongo, Ghana; Antwi, S., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre For Scientific Research Into Plant Medicine, Mampong Akwapem, Ghana; Tandoh, M., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre For Scientific Research Into Plant Medicine, Mampong Akwapem, Ghana; Aryitey, G.M., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Medicinal plants represent potential sources for the discovery of new anti-inflammatory agents. Aqueous and ethanolic whole plant extracts of Phyllanthus fraternus were evaluated in vivo for their anti-inflammatory activities on carrageenan-induced paw oedema inSprague-Dawley rats. The extracts were also screened for phytochemicals. Some of the phytochemicals found in the extracts have previously been implicated as antiinflammatory agents. The LD50 of both extracts was investigated and found to be greater than 5000mg/kg. The extracts at doses 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg showed modest anti-inflammatory activity in a dose dependent manner. The aqueous extract demonstrated better inhibition of paw oedema compared with the ethanolic extract at 200mg/kg after 4hrs. The activity of the standard drug, indomethacin at 25.0 mg/kg was significantly higher (p&lt; 0.05) than those of the extracts. The results suggest that whole plant extract of P. fraternus possess antiinflammatory activity and will be useful in the search for novel anti-inflammatory agents.	In vivo anti-inflammatory; Paw oedema inhibition; Phyllanthus fraternus; Phytochemicals; Sprague-Dawley rats	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868454984	Monitoring of N-methyl carbamate pesticide residues in water using hollow fibre supported liquid membrane and solid phase extraction	Msagati T.A.M., Mamba B.B.	2012	Physics and Chemistry of the Earth	None	None	10.1016/j.pce.2012.08.016	Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa	Msagati, T.A.M., Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; Mamba, B.B., Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa	The aim of this work was to develop a method for the determination of N-methyl carbamates in water involving hollow fibre supported liquid membrane (HFSLM) and solid phase extraction (SPE) as sample preparation methods. Four N-methyl carbamate pesticides, aldicarb, carbaryl, carbofuran and methiocarb sulfoxide, were simultaneously extracted and analysed by a liquid chromatograph with a diode array detector (LC-UV/DAD) and a liquid chromatograph coupled to a ion trap quadrupole mass spectrometer (LC-ESI-MS). The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation of carabamate extracts was performed on a C 18 column with water-acetonitrile as the mobile phase. The mass spectrometry analyses were carried out in the positive mode, operating under both the selected ion monitoring (SIM) and full scan modes. The solid phase recoveries of the extracts ranged between 8% and 98%, with aldicarb having the highest recoveries, followed by carbaryl, carbofuran and methiocarb had the lowest recovery. The HFSLM recovery ranged between 8% and 58% and the order of recovery was similar to the SPE trend. Factors controlling the efficiency of the HFSLM extraction such as sample pH, stripping phase pH, enrichment time, stirring speed as well as organic solvent used for entrapment of analytes, were optimised to achieve the highest enrichment factors. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; Hollow fibre supported liquid membrane; N-methyl carbamates; Solid phase extraction	Aldicarb; Analytes; Carbaryl; Carbofurans; Diode array detectors; Enrichment factors; Hollow fibre; Ion traps; LC-ESI-MS; Liquid chromatography-Mass spectrometry; Mass spectrometry analysis; Methiocarb; Mobile phase; N-methyl carbamate; N-Methyl carbamate pesticides; Positive mode; Quadrupole mass spectrometer; Sample pH; Sample preparation methods; Scan mode; Selected ion monitoring; Solid-phase; Solid-phase extraction; Stirring speed; Supported liquid membrane; Acetonitrile; Chromatography; High performance liquid chromatography; Insecticides; Liquid membranes; Mass spectrometry; Organic solvents; Recovery; extraction method; liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; membrane; pesticide residue; water pollution	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904599779	Electrochemical and quantum chemical studies on adsorption and corrosion inhibition performance of quinoline-thiazole derivatives on mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution	Yadav M., Kumar S., Behera D., Bahadur I., Ramjugernath D.	2014	International Journal of Electrochemical Science	9	9	None	Department of Applied Chemistry, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, 826004, India; Thermodynamics Research Unit, School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, King George V Avenue, Durban, 4041, South Africa	Yadav, M., Department of Applied Chemistry, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, 826004, India; Kumar, S., Department of Applied Chemistry, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, 826004, India; Behera, D., Department of Applied Chemistry, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, 826004, India; Bahadur, I., Thermodynamics Research Unit, School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, King George V Avenue, Durban, 4041, South Africa; Ramjugernath, D., Thermodynamics Research Unit, School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, King George V Avenue, Durban, 4041, South Africa	In the present study two quinoline-thiazole derivatives namely, {4-[1-aza-2-(phenyl)vinyl]-3-phenyl-2-thioxo(1,3-thiazoline-5-yl)}-N-[1-aza-2-(2-chloro(3-quinolyl))vinyl] (Inh I) and {4-[1-aza-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)vinyl]-3-phenyl-2-thioxo(1,3-thiazoline-5-yl)}-N-[1-aza-2-(2 chloro (3-quinolyl))vinyl] (Inh II) were synthesized and investigated as an inhibitor for mild steel corrosion in 15% HCl solution by using weight loss measurements, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The inhibitors Inh I and Inh II show corrosion inhibition efficiencies of 81.5% and 84.0% at a 20 ppm concentration and 95.0% and 96.3% at a 200 ppm concentration, respectively, at 333 K. It was found that the inhibition efficiency of both the inhibitors increases with an increase in temperature and concentration of inhibitors. Polarization studies show that both the studied inhibitors are of mixed type in nature. The adsorption of inhibitors on the mild steel surface obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were performed for the surface study of uninhibited and inhibited mild steel samples. The semi-empirical AM1 method was employed for theoretical calculations. © 2014 The Authors.	Corrosion inhibition; EIS; Hydrochloric acid; Mild steel; Quantum chemical studies; Quinoline-thiazole derivatives	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881543915	The influence of solvent properties on the performance of polysulfone/β-cyclodextrin polyurethane mixed-matrix membranes	Adams F.V., Nxumalo E.N., Krause R.W.M., Hoek E.M.V., Mamba B.B.	2013	Journal of Applied Polymer Science	130	3	10.1002/app.39378	Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1593, United States	Adams, F.V., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; Nxumalo, E.N., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; Krause, R.W.M., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; Hoek, E.M.V., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1593, United States; Mamba, B.B., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa	This study investigates the effect of solvent properties on the structural morphology and permeation properties of polysulfone/β-cyclodextrin polyurethane (PSf/β-CDPU) mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs). The membranes were prepared by a modified phase-inversion route using four different casting solvents [dimethyl formamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl acetamide (DMA), and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)]. While DMSO-based membranes demonstrated particularly high permeability (ca 147 L/m2h.bar), their crystallinity was low compared to MMMs prepared using DMA, DMF and NMP due to the formation of thin active layers on their surfaces. Cross-sectional morphology revealed that the MMMs have a dense top skin with finger-like inner pore structures. Membranes prepared using NMP displayed the highest hydrophilicity, porosity, and crystallinity due to the low volatility of NMP; DMF membranes exhibited superior mechanical and thermal stability due to its (DMF) high hydrogen bonding (δH) values. Thus, the morphological parameters, bulk porosity, and flux performance of MMMs have a significant inter-relationship with the solubility properties of each solvent (i.e., δH, density, volatility, solubility parameter). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	blends; membranes; morphology; polyurethanes; properties and characterization	Cross-sectional morphology; Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); Mixed-matrix membranes; Morphological parameters; N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone; Permeation properties; Solubility parameters; Structural morphology; Blending; Cyclodextrins; Dimethyl sulfoxide; Hydrogen bonds; Morphology; Organic solvents; Polyurethanes; Porosity; Solubility; Solvents; Membranes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930378351	Evaluation of sample preparation methods for the detection of total metal content using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) in wastewater and sludge	Dimpe K.M., Ngila J.C., Mabuba N., Nomngongo P.N.	2014	Physics and Chemistry of the Earth	None	None	10.1016/j.pce.2014.11.006	Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, South Africa	Dimpe, K.M., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, South Africa; Ngila, J.C., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, South Africa; Mabuba, N., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, South Africa; Nomngongo, P.N., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, South Africa	Heavy metal contamination exists in aqueous wastes and sludge of many industrial discharges and domestic wastewater, among other sources. Determination of metals in the wastewater and sludge requires sample pre-treatment prior to analysis because of certain challenges such as the complexity of the physical state of the sample, which may lead to wrong readings in the measurement. This is particularly the case with low analyte concentration to be detected by the instrument. The purpose of this work was to assess and validate the different sample preparation methods namely, hot plate and microwave-assisted digestion procedures for extraction of metal ions in wastewater and sludge samples prior to their inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric (ICP-OES) determination. For the extraction of As, Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, three acid mixtures, that is, HNO<inf>3</inf>/H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf>, HNO<inf>3</inf>/HClO<inf>4</inf>/H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf> and aqua regia+H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf>, were evaluated. Influent wastewater spiked with the SRM (CWW-TM-B) was used for the optimization of acid mixtures affecting the extraction procedure. After sample digestion, the filtration capabilities of cellulose-acetate filter paper and the acrodisc syringe filter with the pore size of 0.45μm were compared. In terms of performance, acrodisc syringe filter in terms of the improved recoveries obtained, was found to be the best filtration method compared to the filter paper. Based on the analytical results obtained, microwave-assisted digestion (MAD) using aqua regia+H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf> mixture was found to be the most suitable method for extraction of heavy metals and major elements in all the sample matrices. Therefore, MAD using aqua regia+H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf> mixture was used for further investigations. The precision of the developed MAD method expressed in terms of relative standard deviations (% RSD) for different metals was found to be <5%. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.12% to 2.18μgL-1 and 0.61% to 3.43μgL-1, respectively. The accuracy of the developed method (MAD using aqua regia+H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf>) was verified by analyzing two SRMs (CWW-TM-A and CWW-TM-B) and the obtained results were in agreement with certified values with recoveries ranging from 80% to 104% for CWW-TM-A and 84% to 102% for CWW-TM-B. The accuracy of the developed method was verified also by the recovery test in the spiked sludge samples. The accuracy and spike recovery test for different metal ions were in the range 80-104% and 92-106%, respectively. The developed method was applied for extraction of the As, Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn in environmental samples, namely wastewater and sludge. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.	Heavy metals; Hot plate-assisted digestion; Microwave-assisted digestion; Sludge; Wastewater	Aluminum; Electric discharges; Heavy metals; Inductively coupled plasma; Iron compounds; Lead removal (water treatment); Light emission; Manganese; Manganese removal (water treatment); Metal ions; Metal recovery; Metals; Mixtures; Nickel; Nitric acid; Optical emission spectroscopy; Plasma diagnostics; Plasma torches; Plate metal; Pore size; Recovery; Sludge digestion; Spectrometry; Syringes; Wastewater; Wastewater treatment; Zinc; Heavy metal contamination; Hot plates; Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric; Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry; Microwave assisted digestion; Relative standard deviations; Sample preparation methods; Sludge; Extraction; concentration (composition); extraction method; filter; heavy metal; inductively coupled plasma method; sampling; sludge; wastewater	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930376404	Predictive complexation models of the impact of natural organic matter and cations on scaling in cooling water pipes: A case study of power generation plants in South Africa	Bosire G.O., Ngila J.C., Mbugua J.M.	2014	Physics and Chemistry of the Earth	None	None	10.1016/j.pce.2014.11.007	Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa; Technical University of Kenya (TUK), Department of Chemical Sciences and Technology, P.O. Box 52428, Nairobi, Kenya	Bosire, G.O., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa; Ngila, J.C., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mbugua, J.M., Technical University of Kenya (TUK), Department of Chemical Sciences and Technology, P.O. Box 52428, Nairobi, Kenya	This work discusses simulative models of Ca and Mg complexation with natural organic matter (NOM), in order to control the incidence of scaling in pipes carrying cooling water at the Eskom power generating stations in South Africa. In particular, the paper reports how parameters such as pH and trace element levels influence the distribution of scaling species and their interactions, over and above mineral phase saturation indices. In order to generate modelling inputs, two experimental scenarios were created in the model solutions: Firstly, the trace metals Cu, Pb and Zn were used as markers for Ca and Mg complexation to humic acid and secondly the effect of natural organic matter in cooling water was determined by spiking model solutions. Labile metal ions and total elements in model solutions and water samples were analysed by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), respectively. ICP-OES results revealed high levels of K, Na, S, Mg and Ca and low levels of trace elements (Cd, Se, Pb, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Al and Zn) in the cooling water samples. Using the Tipping and Hurley's database WHAM in PHREEQC format (T_H.DAT), the total elemental concentrations were run as inputs on a PHREEQC code, at pH 6.8 and defined charge as alkalinity (as HCO3-) For model solutions, PHREEQC inputs were based on (i) free metal differences attributed to competitive effect of Ca and the effect of Ca+Mg, respectively; (ii) total Ca and Mg used in the model solutions and (iii) alkalinity described as hydrogen carbonate. Anodic stripping peak heights were used to calculate the concentration of the free/uncomplexed/labile metal ions (used as tracers) in the model solutions. The objective of modelling was to describe scaling in terms of saturation indices of mineral phases. Accordingly, the minerals most likely to generate scale were further simulated (over a range of pH (3-10) to yield results that mimicked changing pH. Speciation calculations of Cu2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ generated azurite, cerrusite and smithsonite mineral phases, which showed positive saturation indices at higher pH, hence increased potential to precipitate (form scale). The derived predictive models would act as a useful management tool and henceforth aid to avoid unnecessary costs due to the consequences of scaling. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.	Cooling water; Humic acid; Metal complexation; Mineral phases; Natural organic matter; Pipe scaling	Alkalinity; Biogeochemistry; Biological materials; Calcium; Chemicals removal (water treatment); Cooling; Copper; Electric substations; Inductively coupled plasma; Magnesium; Manganese; Manganese removal (water treatment); Metal ions; Metals; Minerals; Optical emission spectroscopy; Organic acids; Organic compounds; pH; Spectrometry; Trace elements; Voltammetry; Water pipelines; Zinc; Elemental concentrations; Humic acid; Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry; Metal complexation; Mineral phasis; Natural organic matters; Speciation calculations; Square wave anodic stripping voltammetry; Cooling water; calcium; cation; complexation; cooling water; humic acid; magnesium; organic matter; pipe; power generation; power plant; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937544957	Bioassay-guided evaluation of the antidiabetic activity of Cleome rutidosperma DC	Okoro I.O., Umar I.A., Atawodi S.E., Anigo K.M.	2015	International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences	7	1	None	Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria	Okoro, I.O., Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru Zaria, Nigeria, Department of Biochemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Umar, I.A., Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru Zaria, Nigeria; Atawodi, S.E., Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru Zaria, Nigeria; Anigo, K.M., Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru Zaria, Nigeria	Objective: An earlier anti-hyperglycemic study with crude extracts of Cleome rutidosperma indicated aqueous extract as the most effective. The present study was undertaken to in part identify the potent antihyperglycemic fraction from the aqueous extract of the plant, using bioassay guided fractionation. Methods: Aqueous extract of C. rutidosperma were fractionated to obtain chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, methanol and aqueous fractions, which were tested for antidiabetic activity using acute Streptozotocin-Induced diabetic mice model. Further fractionation of the more active methanol fraction yielded 1st sub-fractions I- IX. The more active of these 1stsub-fractions were further re-fractionated to give 2ndsub-fractions (2SFC1 and 2SFC2). The more active of the 2ndsub-fractions (2SFC1) was purified further using preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC) and the resultant fractions (TLCFIC and TLCFIIC) were tested in vivo. Results: The methanol fraction of C. rutidosperma significantly (p < 0.05) reduced blood glucose more than the other fractions, while the most active 1st sub-fraction from in vivo studies in mice was, chloroform: methanol (5: 5). Also, the more active of the 2ndsub-fractions was: 2SFC1. The preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC) results from in vivo studies indicated TLCFIC to be the most active. Conclusion: The observed antidiabetic activity of the plant may be as a result the phytoconstituent of the plant. Therefore the fractionated component could be a new source of development of new plant based therapy for management of diabetes. © 2015, International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. All rights reserved.	Bioassay guided-fractionation; Cleome rutidosperma; Preparativee thin layer chromatography (TLC) and streptozotocin-induced diabetes	alkaloid; carbohydrate; cardiac glycoside; Cleome rutidosperma extract; flavonoid; glibenclamide; plant extract; saponin; steroid; tannin; triterpene; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; antidiabetic activity; Article; bioassay; controlled study; fractionation; glucose blood level; LD50; male; nonhuman; phytochemistry; rat; streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus; thin layer chromatography; toxicity testing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907878119	Synthesis, characterization of Fe3O4@glycine doped polypyrrole magnetic nanocomposites and their potential performance to remove toxic Cr(VI)	Ballav N., Choi H.J., Mishra S.B., Maity A.	2014	Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry	20	6	10.1016/j.jiec.2014.01.007	Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea; Smart Polymers Group, Polymers and Composites (P andC), Materials Science and Manufacturing (MSM), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Civil and Chemical Engineering, University of South Africa (UNISA), South Africa	Ballav, N., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; Choi, H.J., Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea; Mishra, S.B., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; Maity, A., Smart Polymers Group, Polymers and Composites (P andC), Materials Science and Manufacturing (MSM), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Civil and Chemical Engineering, University of South Africa (UNISA), South Africa	Fe3O4 coated glycine doped polypyrrole magnetic nanocomposite (Fe3O4@gly-PPy NC) was prepared via coating of suspended Fe3O4 nanoparticles with gly-PPy. FE-SEM and HR-TEM images indicated that Fe3O4 nanoparticles were encapsulated by precipitating gly-PPy moieties. Chromium(VI) adsorption followed a Langmuir isotherm with maximum capacity of 238-303mg/g for a temperature range of 25-45°C at pH 2. The adsorption process was governed by the ionic interaction and the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by the PPy moiety. Results showed that NCs are effective adsorbents for the removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater and can be separated by external magnetic field from the reactor. © 2014 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry.	Adsorption; Glycine; Hexavalent chromium; Magnetic nanocomposite; Polypyrrole	Amino acids; Polypyrroles; Hexavalent chromium; Magnetic nanocomposites; Adsorption	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-42149132303	Terrain conductivity evaluation of road base integrity in a basement complex environment	Oladapo M.I., Adeoye O.O., Mogaji K.A., Adeoye S.	2008	Journal of Applied Sciences	8	8	None	Department of Applied Geophysics, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Physics, Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo, Nigeria	Oladapo, M.I., Department of Applied Geophysics, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Adeoye, O.O., Department of Physics, Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo, Nigeria; Mogaji, K.A., Department of Applied Geophysics, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Adeoye, S., Department of Applied Geophysics, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	A shallow electromagnetic evaluation of Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria main road base integrity has been undertaken in this stiidy with the aim of identifying probable zones of untimely failure. Controlled-Source Electromagnetic Method (CSEM) was adopted for the study. The road segment investigated is underlain by four different lithologic units, which are the migmatite gneiss, quartzites, charnockite and granites along the west-east direction of the campus. Quadrature phase (conductivity) and in-phase (magnetic susceptibility) were measured in both vertical and horizontal dipoles. While the vertical dipole mode has a probing depth of 6 m, the horizontal dipole mode probes at a depth of 3 m. The range of quadrature and in-phase values obtained for horizontal dipole mode is from 6 to 50 mS m-1 and 0.808 to 20.47 ppt respectively. For vertical dipole mode, the range of quadrature and in-phase values are -21.00-71.00 mS m-1 and 20.07 to 20.47 ppt. The ratio of vertical conductivity value (Cv) to horizontal conductivity value (CH) i.e., CV/CH was utilized in assessing road-base performance. Road stability was observed where this ratio is greater than 1 (CV/CH&gt;1) while signs of distress characterized where the ratio is less than or equal to 1 (CV/CH = 1) in vertical dipole. Likewise, relatively high magnetic susceptibility values in vertical dipole mode characterized zones of early distress. This technique is presumed useful in fast and cheap roadwork performance evaluation. © 2008 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Conductivity and distress; Lithologic; Magnetic susceptibility; Road-base	Basement complex; Controlled source; Electromagnetic methods; Horizontal dipoles; Lithologic; Road-base; Terrain conductivity; Vertical and horizontal dipoles; Electromagnetism; Granite; Magnetic susceptibility; Roads and streets	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247376503	Using blended learning to boost motivation and performance in introductory economics modules	van Der Merwe A.	2007	South African Journal of Economics	75	1	10.1111/j.1813-6982.2007.00109.x	Department of Applied Management, Durban University of Technology, Scottsville, South Africa	van Der Merwe, A., Department of Applied Management, Durban University of Technology, Scottsville, South Africa	This paper explores the potential of online learning, in a local context, to provide academic economics with much of the context it currently lacks and which may be implicated in students' lack of motivation to engage with the discipline. Since weak motivation can be expected to play out in poor performance, the study set out to establish, firstly, whether the online intervention was a motivational experience for students. Secondly, various tests were performed to determine whether - and how strongly - motivation and performance are related. The study concludes that even the weak statistical promise of online learning, as in this particular case, should be embraced given the interest displayed by students in online economics teaching and learning. © 2007 The Author. Journal compilation © 2007 Economic Society of South Africa 2007.	None	academic performance; economics; learning; student; teaching	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884540547	The total completion time: An important performance measure in scheduling	Oyetunji E.O., Oluleye A.E.	2008	International Journal of Soft Computing	3	6	None	Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, University for Development Studies, Ghana; Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Oyetunji, E.O., Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, University for Development Studies, Ghana; Oluleye, A.E., Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Given the problem of scheduling n jobs with release dates on a single machine, we prove that any solution method that minimizes the total completion time (Ctot) also minimizes total flow time (Ftot), total lateness (Ltot), average completion time (Cavg), average flow time (Favg) and average lateness (Lavg). Two approaches (Analytical and Experimental approaches) were adopted to prove this conjecture. © Medvvell Journals, 2008.	Heuristics; Release date; Scheduling; Single-machine; Total completion time	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861083711	Modeling the impact of voluntary testing and treatment on tuberculosis transmission dynamics	Mushayabasa S., Bhunu C.P.	2012	International Journal of Biomathematics	5	4	10.1142/S1793524511001726	Department of Applied Mathematics, Modeling Biomedical Systems Research Group, National University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 939 Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Department of Mathematics, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP 167, Harare, Zimbabwe	Mushayabasa, S., Department of Applied Mathematics, Modeling Biomedical Systems Research Group, National University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 939 Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Bhunu, C.P., Department of Mathematics, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP 167, Harare, Zimbabwe	A deterministic model for evaluating the impact of voluntary testing and treatment on the transmission dynamics of tuberculosis is formulated and analyzed. The epidemiological threshold, known as the reproduction number is derived and qualitatively used to investigate the existence and stability of the associated equilibrium of the model system. The disease-free equilibrium is shown to be locally-asymptotically stable when the reproductive number is less than unity, and unstable if this threshold parameter exceeds unity. It is shown, using the Centre Manifold theory, that the model undergoes the phenomenon of backward bifurcation where the stable disease-free equilibrium co-exists with a stable endemic equilibrium when the associated reproduction number is less than unity. The analysis of the reproduction number suggests that voluntary tuberculosis testing and treatment may lead to effective control of tuberculosis. Furthermore, numerical simulations support the fact that an increase voluntary tuberculosis testing and treatment have a positive impact in controlling the spread of tuberculosis in the community. © 2012 World Scientific Publishing Company.	case findings; reproductive number; stability; TB model; treatment	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951515024	Mathematical Analysis of an HIV/AIDS Model: Impact of Educational Programs and Abstinence in Sub-Saharan Africa	Bhunu C.P., Mushayabasa S., Kojouharov H., Tchuenche J.M.	2011	Journal of Mathematical Modelling and Algorithms	10	1	10.1007/s10852-010-9134-0	Department of Applied Mathematics, Modelling Biomedical Systems Research Group, National University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box AC 939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 OES, United Kingdom; Department of Mathematics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0408, United States; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada	Bhunu, C.P., Department of Applied Mathematics, Modelling Biomedical Systems Research Group, National University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box AC 939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 OES, United Kingdom; Mushayabasa, S., Department of Applied Mathematics, Modelling Biomedical Systems Research Group, National University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box AC 939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Kojouharov, H., Department of Mathematics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0408, United States; Tchuenche, J.M., Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada	We formulate a deterministic HIV/AIDS model to theoretically investigate how counselling and testing coupled with the resulting decrease in sexual activity could affect the HIV epidemic in resource-limited communities. The threshold quantities are determined and stabilities analyzed. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations support the idea that increase in the number of sexually inactive HIV positive individuals who voluntarily abstain from sex has a positive impact on HIV/AIDS control. Results from this theoretical study suggest that effective counselling and testing have a great potential to partially control the epidemic (especially when HIV positive individuals either willingly withdraw from risky sexual activities or disclose their status beforehand) even in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Therefore, more needs to be done in resource-limited settings, such as sub-Saharan Africa, as far as the HIV/AIDS epidemic is concerned and a formalized information, education, and communication strategy should be given prominence in educational campaigns. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Abstinence; HIV/AIDS; Reproduction number; Resource-limited; Testing and counselling	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350389680	In vitro evaluation of the activity of colloidal silver concentrate against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from postoperative wound infection	Iroha I.R., Amadi E.S., Orji J.O., Esimone C.O.	2008	Scientific Research and Essays	3	5	None	Department of Applied Microbiology, Ebonyi State University, PMB 053 Abakaliki, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Applied Microbiology, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053 Abakaliki Ebonyi State, N	Iroha, I.R., Department of Applied Microbiology, Ebonyi State University, PMB 053 Abakaliki, Nigeria; Amadi, E.S., Department of Applied Microbiology, Ebonyi State University, PMB 053 Abakaliki, Nigeria; Orji, J.O., Department of Applied Microbiology, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053 Abakaliki Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Esimone, C.O., Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	The high rate of hospital acquired infections caused by pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa as an opportunistic infection is currently a serious global health problem. The problem is not only with the diseases caused by this organism but with the rate at which this organism develops resistance to some vital antimicrobial agents. This increase in resistance of P. aeruginosa in recent times underscores the need to search for an alternative antimicrobial agent. This study was therefore, designed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of colloidal silver concentrate against some strains of pathogenic P. aeruginosa isolated from post operation eye wound infection, using agar- well diffusion, broth dilution and the killing rate kinetics methods. The results showed that colloidal silver concentrate have an antibacterial activity against pathogenic P. aeruginosa and the killing rate kinetics studies reveal that the test organisms were completely killed within 90 min. Further exploitation of colloidal silver for the treatment of multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa infections is hereby suggested. © 2008 Academic Journals.	Colloidal silver concentrate; Killing rate kinetics; Pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Post operative wound infection	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953417452	Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of extracts of Sida acuta against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome patients	Iroha I.R., Amadi E.S., Nwuzo A.C., Afiukwa F.N.	2009	Research Journal of Pharmacology	3	2	None	Department of Applied Microbiology, Ebonyi State University, PMB 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria	Iroha, I.R., Department of Applied Microbiology, Ebonyi State University, PMB 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Amadi, E.S., Department of Applied Microbiology, Ebonyi State University, PMB 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Nwuzo, A.C., Department of Applied Microbiology, Ebonyi State University, PMB 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Afiukwa, F.N., Department of Applied Microbiology, Ebonyi State University, PMB 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria	Abstract: Antimicrobial activity of aqueous and ethanol leaves extracts of Sida acuta against 45 clinical isolates of Staphylococccus aureas isolated from nasal cavity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. (HIV/AIDS) patients from University of Nigeria teaching hospital, Enugu was evaluated using agar well diffusion method. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extracts was also determined using agar well diffusion technique and the killing rates of each extracts was also determined at different time intervals of 0-90 min. Results of the agar well diffusion study revealed that ethanol extracts produced the highest antimicrobial activity (86%), followed by hot water (61 %) and cold water extracts (48%). The MIC obtained ranged from 0.9625-1.8125 μg mL-1 for ethanol extracts, 7.8125-31.25 μg mL-1 for hot water and 15.625-31.25 μg mL-1 for cold water extracts. The result of killing rate studies showed that the test organisms were killed within 0-10 min for ethanol and hot water extracts and 5-60 min for cold water extracts. The over all results indicated that Sida acuta extracts have appreciable antimicrobial activity against S. aureus isolated Eroin HIV/AIDS patients. In addition to authenticating, the folkloric use of Sida acuta in the treatment of common diseases, the finding of this study highlights the possible usefulness of this plant material in the treatment of opportunistic infections caused by S. aureus in HIV/AIDS patients. © Medwell Journals, 2009.	Antimicrobial activity; Aqueous; Ethanolic; Leaf extracts; Screening; Susceptible; Test organism	alcohol; cold water; herbaceous agent; hot water; lincomycin; Sida acuta extract; unclassified drug; water; agar diffusion; angiosperm; antibacterial activity; article; bacterial kinetics; bacterial strain; bacterium isolate; controlled study; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; inhibition kinetics; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; nose cavity; Sida acuta; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953377791	Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of n-butanol phase of the leaves extract of Microtrichia perotitii DC (Asteraceae)	Nuhu A.M., Ilyas N., Ibrahim H.	2010	Journal of Medicinal Plants Research	4	9	None	Department of Applied Science, CST, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacognosy, Drug Development Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria	Nuhu, A.M., Department of Applied Science, CST, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna, Nigeria; Ilyas, N., Department of Pharmacognosy, Drug Development Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria; Ibrahim, H., Department of Pharmacognosy, Drug Development Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria	The n-butanol phase of the methanolic leaves extract of Microtrichia perotitii DC was studied for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Both percent inhibition obtained from analgesic (59.30% for 100 mg/kg, 33.90% for 50 mg/kg and 69.20% for 25 mg/kg i.p) and anti-inflammatory (values for 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg were found significantly different at P < 05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.001) (mean paw diameter in hours) studies has shown that the leaves have very strong activity to prevent pains (writhing) in the central system and motor performance of the mice as well as the growth of oedema in the hind paw of the rats respectively. The analgesic effect is dosage independent while the anti-inflammatory effect is dosage dependent and all these activities could be associated with the type of phytochemicals likely to be present in the leaves of plant. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Analgesic; Anti-inflammatory; Microtrichia perotitii; N-butanol phase	acetic acid; alkaloid; analgesic agent; antiinflammatory agent; butanol; ether; flavonoid; hydrochloric acid; ketoprofen; methanol; Microtrichia perotitii extract; piroxicam; plant extract; saponin; sodium chloride; unclassified drug; water; analgesic activity; animal experiment; animal model; antiinflammatory activity; article; Asteraceae; central nervous system; controlled study; dose response; drug dose comparison; drug efficacy; drug megadose; female; inflammation; low drug dose; male; Microtrichia perotitii; motor performance; mouse; nonhuman; pain; paw edema; phytochemistry; plant leaf; rat; writhing test; Asteraceae; Mus; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84946018968	Evaluation of In-vivo antimalarial activity of methanol leaf extract of Glyphaea brevis in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice	Anjuwon T.M., Ibrahim S., Nok A.J.	2015	Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research	14	10	10.4314/tjpr.v14i10.14	Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Anjuwon, T.M., Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Ibrahim, S., Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Nok, A.J., Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Purpose: To evaluate the in-vivo antimalarial activity of the methanol extract of the leaves of Glyphaea brevis in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Methods: The phytochemical profile of ethylacetate, n-butanol, and residual aqueous fractions of the methanol extract of G. brevis were determined using standard procedures. Mice, weighing between 15 - 30 g, were used for this study. Plasmodium berghei infected blood (0.2 ml) was used to infect each of 55 mice (5 in 11 groups) intraperitoneally. Animals in the infected groups were treated orally with varying doses (200, 300 and 400 mg/kg body weight) of the ethylacetate, n-butanol and residual aqueous fractions daily, using artemisinin (5 mg/kg body weight per day) as standard drug, over a period of four days. The non-infected (normal control, n = 5) received distilled water (0.2 ml) while the infected control group (n = 5) was administered 0.2 ml normal saline. The suppressive antiplasmodial properties of the fractions as well as the serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were determined. Results: Alkaloids, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids and triterpenes were present in the extract fractions. The suppressive antiplasmodial activity of n-butanol, residual aqueous portion and ethylacetate fractions was 76.64, 73.25 and 72.99 %, respectively, while that of artemisinin was 86.13 %. The serum concentrations of AST, ALT, and ALP in the infected control group were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of the treated malaria-infected groups treated with the three fractions. Conclusion: Glyphaea brevis possesses significant antiplasmodial properties and could be a source of lead molecules for the development of new antimalarial agents. © Pharmacotherapy Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, 300001 Nigeria. All rights reserved.	Antimalarial; Artemisinin; Glyphaea brevis; Plasmodium berghei	acetic acid ethyl ester; alanine aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; alkaloid; artemisinin; aspartate aminotransferase; butanol; carbohydrate; cardiac glycoside; flavonoid; Glyphaea brevis extract; methanol; plant extract; saponin; steroid; tannin; triterpene; unclassified drug; animal model; antimalarial activity; Article; blood analysis; controlled study; female; hematocrit; liver function; male; mouse; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant leaf; Plasmodium berghei infection; toxicity testing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924755839	Growth performance of juvenile Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) fed Ipomoea aquatica based diets	Odulate D.O., Idowu A.A., Fabusoro A.A., Odebiyi C.O.	2014	Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science	9	6	10.3923/jfas.2014.468.472	Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Odulate, D.O., Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Idowu, A.A., Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Fabusoro, A.A., Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Odebiyi, C.O., Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	A feeding trial was conducted to assess the replacement value of Ipomoea aquatica based diet as dietary replacement of maize in the diets of juvenile Clarias gariepinus. Five isonitrogenous diets were formulated to contain 0 (control diet), 15, 30, 45 and 60% Ipomoea aquatica. Each treatment was carried out in triplicate using ten C. gariepinus juvenile per replicate with mean initial weight of 9.0 g. The fish were fed at 5% body weight per day for a period of 8 weeks. The best growth response in terms of mean weight gain was obtained in fish fed 15% I. aquatica diet inclusion (35.57±3.44 g) while fish fed 60% I. aquatica diet had the lowest growth response (23.80±1.18 g), the highest FCR was obtained in fish fed 60% I. aquatica (1.79±0.04) while the lowest was obtained in fish fed 15% I. aquatica (1.58±0.06). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in all the parameters of the treatments. The results revealed that any of the inclusion level can be used up to 60% inclusion level of I. aquatica. However, 15% inclusion level gave the best result in terms of growth. © 2014 Academic Journals Inc.	Dietary ingredients; Experimental diets; Inclusion levels; Ipomoea aquatica; Isonitrogenous	diet; feeding; finfish; growth rate; growth response; juvenile; Clarias gariepinus; Ipomoea aquatica; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908285007	Growth performance and nutrient utilization of African mud catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings fed different levels of fermented pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) meal	Alegbeleye W.O., Obasa S.O., Olude O.O., Moronkeji T., Abdulraheem I.	2012	Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamidgeh	64	None	None	Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Alegbeleye, W.O., Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Obasa, S.O., Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Olude, O.O., Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Moronkeji, T., Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Abdulraheem, I., Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	The suitability of fermented pigeon pea meal as a protein ingredient in diets for Clarias gariepinus fingerlings was evaluated. A strain of Rhizopus oligoporus was used to ferment the meal for six days at 37°C. Five isonitrogenous (30% crude protein) and isoenergetic (16.45 MJ/kg) diets were formulated in which fermented meal was used to replace soybean meal at five inclusion levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%). Diets were fed to triplicate groups of C. gariepinus fingerlings for 70 days. Crude protein content (22.6%-27.0%), total sugar, calcium, and phosphorus increased while lipids, carbohydrate, crude fiber, and antinutritional factors decreased in catfish fed increasing levels of pigeon pea meal. The group fed the 100% diet had significantly (p<0.05) better growth, which declined as the inclusion level declined. The apparent digestibility coefficients protein and dry increased with the inclusion level. No histopathological changes were observed in the liver. The highest crude protein content in catfish tissues was obtained in the group that received the highest inclusion level. The study shows that fermented pigeon pea meal can replace soybean meal in practical feeds for C. gariepinus without compromising growth performance or nutrient utilization. © Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamigdeh.	Cajanus cajan; Clarias gariepinus; Fermentation; Growth; Nutrient utilization; Soybean	artificial diet; fermentation; fish culture; growth rate; histopathology; nutrient dynamics; performance assessment; protein; soybean; Cajanus cajan; Clarias gariepinus; Glycine max	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939517196	Effect of different stocking density on nutrient utilization, growth performance and survival of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell, 1822) fry in recirculatory system	Kareem O.K., Olanrewaju A.N.	2015	Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science	10	5	10.3923/jfas.2015.400.404	Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Ibadan, Ibada, Nigeria; Federal College of Freshwater Fisheries Technology, P.M.B 1060, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria	Kareem, O.K., Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Ibadan, Ibada, Nigeria; Olanrewaju, A.N., Federal College of Freshwater Fisheries Technology, P.M.B 1060, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria	Management of C. gariepinus fry in recirculating tank is one modern technique applied for fish culture in Nigeria. Since, this system is gaining popularity nationwide there is a dare need to investigate appropriate stocking density as already established for both concrete tanks and earthen pond system. Clarias gariepinus fry (0.14±0.01 g) were reared in indoor recirculating tanks (60.5 m3) at three different stocking rates 5000, 8000 and 12000 fry/tank as treatment LD, MD and HD respectively for a period of eight weeks. The experiment was duplicated and fish were fed 45% crude protein diet at 5% in four installments daily. The mean body weight gain and SGR decreased with increasing stocking density. The best growth performance (weight gain, length gain and SGR) was achieved in treatment LD. The lowest FCR (1.04±0.01) value was obtained in HD but show no significant difference (p>0.05) to other treatments. Percentage survival of the fish was significantly (p<0.05) affected by the stocking density with the highest value recorded in LD (86.8%). Waterquality parameters were within the recommended ranges throughout the experimental period. From this study, the stocking density of 5000 fry m-3 is recommended for efficient feed utilization, optimum growth performance and survival in a re-circulatory culture system. © 2015 Academic Journals Inc.	Fish seed; Growth performance; Recirculating system; Stocking density	finfish; growth rate; growth response; recirculating system; stock assessment; stocking density; survival; Clarias gariepinus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84957885268	Growth performance of wild strains of Clarias gariepinus from Nigerian waters	Megbowon I., Fashina-Bombata H.A., Akinwale M.M.A., Hammed A.M., Mojekwu T.O.	2014	Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science	9	4	10.3923/jfas.2014.252.256	Department of Aquaculture, Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Fisheries, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria	Megbowon, I., Department of Aquaculture, Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria; Fashina-Bombata, H.A., Department of Fisheries, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria; Akinwale, M.M.A., Department of Aquaculture, Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria; Hammed, A.M., Department of Fisheries, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria; Mojekwu, T.O., Department of Aquaculture, Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria	The catfish (Clarias gariepinus) used in aquaculture are suffering from inbreeding depression with its attendant poor egg and sperm quality. There is the need to explore the natural population to improve performance. This study was carried out to evaluate the growth performance of strains of the catfish across the freshwater systems of Nigeria. Collections were made from Kogi, Adamawa, Kebbi, Oyo, Anambra, Delta states and domesticated strain obtained from Lagos. The fish were bred and fed for 12 weeks before subjected to growth study. The 25 juveniles of each strain were allocated in 1 m3hapas installed in a 0.4 ha at Badore fish farm, Lagos, Nigeria, fed 3% body weight twice daily while sampling forth-nightly. The results showed that the domesticated strain performed significantly better (α = 0.05) than the six wild strains studied. There was, however, no significant variation in the SGR and FCR among the strains. However, the growth study showed that the strain from Kebbi did not perform as much as other strains in terms of these growth indices. However it had the highest survival (96%). The strains from Oyo and Anambra, however, showed better growth over the rest strains from the wild. The implication of the breeding potentials of Clarias geriepinus strain from Kebbi, Oyo and Anambra is that if several selective breeding of these strains are carried out and the gene pool of Kebbi is combined with any of these two, fish seed of better growth and survival are obtained. © 2014 Academic Journals Inc.	Clarias gariepinus; Growth; Performance; Wild	feeding; fish culture; growth rate; juvenile; selective breeding; survival; Nigeria; Clarias; Clarias gariepinus	None
None	None	Participatory monitoring of changes in coastal and marine biodiversity	Wagner G.M.	2005	Indian Journal of Marine Sciences	34	1	None	Department of Aquatic Environment and Conservation, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences and Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35064, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Wagner, G.M., Department of Aquatic Environment and Conservation, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences and Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35064, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	This study reports results obtained from participatory monitoring conducted in Tanzania in two types of keystone ecosystems, mangrove forests and coral reefs. The report also analyses participatory monitoring as an effective tool in environmental conservation and management. Participatory monitoring data collected from three mangrove areas subjected to different levels of human impacts, low, moderate and high, clearly indicated the effects on mangrove basal area and species diversity. Participatory coral reef monitoring clearly showed degradation due to human impacts in one are and definite positive trends over time due to management interventions in another area. Participatory monitoring produces large amounts of informative data in a short time at low cost. Moreover, it has profound positive impact on the participants in terms of enhancing their environmental awareness, creating a feeling of "ownership" of the environment and motivating them to protect and restore the ecosystems they monitor. However, in order for participatory monitoring to be successful, there should be proper selection of participants, adequate training and on-going supervision by experts.	Biodiversity; Coastal/marine; Keystone ecosystems; Participatory monitoring	Anthozoa	None
None	None	Effect of initial stocking size of the predatory African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) on recruits, growth performance, survival and yield of mixed-sex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in concrete tank culture system	Limbu S.M., Shoko A.P., Lamtane H.A., Shirima E.D., Kishe-Machumu M.A., Mgana H.F., Mgaya Y.D.	2015	International Aquatic Research	7	1	10.1007/s40071-014-0093-3	Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries, University of Dar es Salaam, P. O. Box 35064, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute, Headquarters, P. O. Box 9750, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute, Kigoma Centre, P. O. Box 90, Kigoma, Tanzania	Limbu, S.M., Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries, University of Dar es Salaam, P. O. Box 35064, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Shoko, A.P., Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute, Headquarters, P. O. Box 9750, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Lamtane, H.A., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Shirima, E.D., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Kishe-Machumu, M.A., Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute, Headquarters, P. O. Box 9750, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mgana, H.F., Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute, Kigoma Centre, P. O. Box 90, Kigoma, Tanzania; Mgaya, Y.D., Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries, University of Dar es Salaam, P. O. Box 35064, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Prolific breeding and production of high percentage of recruits are main problems in mixed-sex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) culture in earthen ponds. The current study assessed the efficiency of different sizes of African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in controlling recruitment in mixed-sex Nile tilapia cultured in tanks and its effect on growth performance, percentage survival and yield. Three treatments consisting of triplicate ponds stocked with mixed-sex Nile tilapia in monoculture and in polyculture with large (62.50 ± 3.26 g) and small (40.00 ± 2.68 g) African sharptooth catfish were fed on a 297.50 g kg−1 crude protein diet for 126 days. Results showed that, the number of recruits was significantly lower in larger African sharptooth catfish predator than smaller ones and monoculture of Nile tilapia. Polyculture with larger African sharptooth catfish resulted in significantly higher growth performance of Nile tilapia. Large African sharptooth catfish in polyculture reduced the amount of small, low-value recruits, while the yield of large and high value Nile tilapia was increased. This study revealed that fish farmers can reduce prolific breeding, obtain higher growth performance and produce larger size of marketable Nile tilapia by predominantly stocking ponds with large African sharptooth catfish predator of at least 60 g. © 2015, The Author(s).	Monoculture; Polyculture; Predator; Production; Prolific breeding; Recruitment	Clarias gariepinus; Oreochromis niloticus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943011778	Entry qualifications and academic performance of architecture students in Nigerian Polytechnics: Are the admission requirements still relevant?	Adewale P.O., Adhuze O.B.	2014	Frontiers of Architectural Research	3	1	10.1016/j.foar.2013.11.002	Department of Architectural Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti-State, Nigeria	Adewale, P.O., Department of Architectural Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti-State, Nigeria; Adhuze, O.B., Department of Architectural Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti-State, Nigeria	The competence of fresh graduates of architecture has been continuously criticized by the industry for inadequate knowledge. This is often blamed on the poor standard of education evidenced by poor performances in professional and degree/diploma examinations conducted by various schools of architecture in the country. Although, factors responsible for the scenario are well documented in the literature, most of these works are based on testimonial and circumstantial evidences relating to management of architectural education only. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between entry qualifications and the performance of architecture students in Nigerian Polytechnics with a view to determining the relevance of current admission policy to architectural education in Nigeria. Data were obtained from official records in the Department of Architecture in four randomly selected polytechnics in the southwestern part of Nigeria. Pearson Product Moment Correlation (. r) was used to test the hypotheses. Findings reveal weak relationship between the two variables (physics and mathematics). This is contrary to the expectations of most scholars and policy makers who opine that students' proficiency in these subjects would enhance their performance at higher levels. The paper traces the contradiction to the poor handling of public examinations and misconception of architecture as being pure science. It holds that if these requirements are still relied upon for the admission of students into schools of architecture, wrong candidates would continue to gain entry into the profession. The paper concludes by recommending certain measures that are capable of reversing the trend. © 2014 Higher Education Press Limited Company.	Academic performance; Admission criteria; Architecture; Arts; Education; Science	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929091282	The need for post-occupancy evaluation of public apartment buildings in Ghana	Agyefi-Mensah S., Post J., van Egmond E., Badu E., Mohammadi M.	2015	Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology	13	2	10.1108/JEDT-05-2013-0033	Department of Architecture, Building and Planning, Technical University of Eindhoven (TU/e), Eindhoven, Netherlands; Department of Building Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Agyefi-Mensah, S., Department of Architecture, Building and Planning, Technical University of Eindhoven (TU/e), Eindhoven, Netherlands; Post, J., Department of Architecture, Building and Planning, Technical University of Eindhoven (TU/e), Eindhoven, Netherlands; van Egmond, E., Department of Architecture, Building and Planning, Technical University of Eindhoven (TU/e), Eindhoven, Netherlands; Badu, E., Department of Building Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Mohammadi, M., Department of Architecture, Building and Planning, Technical University of Eindhoven (TU/e), Eindhoven, Netherlands	Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine and show why post-occupancy evaluation (POE) of public apartment buildings in Ghana as a product of design is important. Design/methodology/approach: By design the paper is descriptive. It uses a literature review as a method to summarize, synthesize and show the gaps in the existing knowledge on public apartment buildings in general and Ghana in particular. These arguments are brought together in a conceptual framework for approaching POE studies. Findings: This paper finds that gaps exist in the existing POE research knowledge regarding public apartment buildings in Ghana not only as residential settings but also as designed artifacts intended for use. Research limitations/implications: There is a need for scientific research which focus on the design and use of public apartment buildings in Ghana to provide empirical basis for design, policy and research decision-making. Social implications: This paper shows that occupants’ feedback information is important, as it can benefits government, designers and builders, building regulators and managers, as well as end users. Originality/value: The paper contributes a conceptual framework based on which POE studies can be designed. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Architectural design; Built environment research	Apartment houses; Buildings; Decision making; Design; Product design; Apartment buildings; Built environment; Conceptual frameworks; Design/methodology/approach; Feed back information; Post occupancy evaluation; Postoccupancy evaluation (POE); Scientific researches; Architectural design	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84936075126	Assessment of the sustainability of public housing projects in Ogun state, Nigeria: A post occupancy evaluation approach	Ibem E.O., Aduwo E.B., Ayo-Vaughan E.K.	2015	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	6	4S2	10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n4s2p523	Department of Architecture, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, KM 10 Idiroko Road, Canaan Land, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Architecture, College of Environmental Sciences, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State,	Ibem, E.O., Department of Architecture, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, KM 10 Idiroko Road, Canaan Land, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Aduwo, E.B., Department of Architecture, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, KM 10 Idiroko Road, Canaan Land, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ayo-Vaughan, E.K., Department of Architecture, College of Environmental Sciences, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	As the emphasis on sustainability increases among architects and construction professionals, the various ways for achieving sustainability in physical development projects have continued to engage the attention of scholars and researchers across the globe. However, in the context of housing in a developing country like Nigeria, there is a paucity of empirical studies on the sustainability of public housing projects. Therefore, this study aimed at identifying and analyzing the sustainability features of public housing projects in urban areas of Ogun State, Nigeria. A survey of 517 residents in nine public housing estates was conducted between December 2009 and February 2010 in the study area. With the aid of structured questionnaire, interview guide and observation schedule; data were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analyses. Findings show that public housing projects in the study area were evaluated to be sustainable in terms of affordability and building forms responding to site and climatic conditions. The projects were however found to be unsustainable in the use of asbestos-based materials, inadequate provision of domestic spaces and lack of basic social infrastructural facilities. The paper concludes that to achieve sustainability in public housing in Nigeria, there is a need for public housing developers to pay adequate attention to users’ domestic space and basic social infrastructural facilities need in the design, construction and management of housing projects. © 2015, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved.	Housing Characteristics; Nigeria; Ogun State; Public Housing; Survey; Sustainability	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938305048	Performance evaluation of residential buildings in public housing estates in Ogun State, Nigeria: Users' satisfaction perspective	Ibem E.O., Opoko A.P., Adeboye A.B., Amole D.	2013	Frontiers of Architectural Research	2	2	10.1016/j.foar.2013.02.001	Department of Architecture, Covenant University, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Osun State, Nigeria	Ibem, E.O., Department of Architecture, Covenant University, Ogun State, Nigeria; Opoko, A.P., Department of Architecture, Covenant University, Ogun State, Nigeria; Adeboye, A.B., Department of Architecture, Covenant University, Ogun State, Nigeria; Amole, D., Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Osun State, Nigeria	This study assessed the performance of residential buildings in public housing estates in urban areas of Ogun State Southwest Nigeria. It was based on the notion that users' satisfaction with dwelling units is a measure of the performance of residential buildings in meeting their needs and expectations. A cross sectional survey of 452 household heads in nine public housing estates was conducted in the study area. Data were obtained using structured questionnaire and observation schedule; and were subjected to descriptive statistics and factor analysis. A mean satisfaction score of 3.21 was observed; indicating that the respondents were generally satisfied with the performance of the different components of the buildings. Satisfaction levels were generally higher with privacy and sizes of living and sleeping areas than the availability of water and electricity in the buildings. The type, location and aesthetic appearance as well as size of main activity areas were the most predominant factors that determined satisfaction and indeed the performance of the buildings in meeting users' needs and expectations. The paper highlights critical areas where attention is needed in order to improve the performance of residential buildings and users' satisfaction with public housing projects in Nigeria. © 2013 Higher Education Press Limited Company.	Building performance; Ogun State; Residential buildings; Urban areas; User satisfaction	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928672661	Investigating dimensions of housing adequacy evaluation by residents in public housing: Factor analysis approach	Ibem E.O., Alagbe O.A.	2015	Facilities	33	42559	10.1108/F-02-2014-0017	Department of Architecture, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria; School of Construction Economics and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Ibem, E.O., Department of Architecture, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria, School of Construction Economics and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Alagbe, O.A., Department of Architecture, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria	Purpose – The aim of this study was to investigate the dimensions of housing adequacy evaluation by residents in public housing with a view to identifying how government and construction professionals can deliver adequate housing facilities. Design/methodology/approach – The research is based on household surveys involving 517 respondents selected from nine public housing estates constructed between 2003 and 2010 in Ogun State Southwest Nigeria. The data were collected using structured questionnaire administered to the residents by the researchers through visits to the housing estates. A total of 33 variables derived from the review of the literature were used in measuring housing adequacy. Descriptive statistics and factor analyses were used in analysis of the data. Findings – The study reveals that residents perceived their housing situation as inadequate. They evaluated housing adequacy based on four key dimensions: ambient condition of interiors spaces, security, utilities and neighbourhood facilities; social infrastructure; level of privacy and size of sleeping; and living and dining areas in the residences. These dimensions of housing adequacy evaluation were found not to be exactly the same way experts conceived housing adequacy in the literature. Research limitations/implications – The concept of housing adequacy can be used to examine occupants’ housing preferences and their standard of living, the quality of housing and the performance of mass housing projects. Practical implications – The paper makes practical suggestions to government and construction professionals on how to improve adequacy levels of public housing. Specifically, in the areas of giving more attention to ambient condition of interiors, security, utilities and neighbourhood facilities as well as privacy and sizes of main activities areas in dwelling units in the design, construction and management of public housing projects. Originality/value – The study identifies dimensions of housing adequacy evaluation by residents in public housing and compares these with experts’ conception of housing adequacy. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Housing estates; Post-occupancy evaluation; Public sector; Survey	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943010703	Ownership, structure, and performance of architectural firms	Oluwatayo A.A., Amole D.	2013	Frontiers of Architectural Research	2	1	10.1016/j.foar.2012.12.001	Department of Architecture, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	Oluwatayo, A.A., Department of Architecture, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Amole, D., Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	With architectural firms, owners are often managers whose characteristics may influence the firm structure. This study investigated the relationships between ownership characteristics, organizational structure, and performance of architectural firms. Utilizing a sample of architectural firms from Nigeria, a questionnaire survey of 92 architectural firms was carried out. Data were analyzed using multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) and regression analyses. A generally low level of specialization of duties was observed even though professional service firms were defined as highly specialized firms. For most of the firms, level of formalization was moderate or high, while level of centralization was mostly low. Results revealed a direct significant relationship between legal ownership form and formalization dimension of structure. In addition, the centralization dimension of structure influenced firm performance. However, no direct relationship between ownership characteristics and performance was noted, although different fits of ownership characteristics and structural variables were observed. The results suggest that principals of architectural firms should match their characteristics with the firm structure to enhance performance in relation to profit. © 2013 Higher Education Press Limited Company.	Architectural firm; Organizational structure; Ownership; Performance; Professional service firm	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649253726	Post-occupancy evaluation and residents satisfaction with public housing in Lagos, Nigeria	Ilesanmi A.O.	2010	Journal of Building Appraisal	6	2	10.1057/jba.2010.20	Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Ilesanmi, A.O., Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	This study evaluates the residential environments of five low-income and three medium-income public housing estates in Lagos, Nigeria. The specific objectives were: to appraise the physical characteristics of residential buildings in the estates; to examine the socio-economic characteristics of the residents; to determine the relative levels of residents satisfaction; and to analyse the relationship between the physical characteristics and residents satisfaction. The methodology involves an expert rating appraisal conducted by four evaluators and a survey of residents satisfaction. Ten performance criteria were developed and used in assessing the characteristics of the residential environments. Data relating to residents satisfaction were obtained by means of structured questionnaire administered on a systematic sample of 806 household heads, from a sampling frame of 8060 housing units. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study revealed a gap in quality between the medium- and low-income estates. The results also showed that 62 per cent of the physical characteristics of the residences are highly correlated with residents satisfaction (r0.62). This buttresses the significance of the physical characteristics of residences in determining the level of residents satisfaction. Such information will enhance the skills of architects and housing administrators to ascertain specific actions that can maximize more satisfactory housing provisions and minimize dissatisfaction as much as possible. © 2010 Macmillan Publishers Ltd.	Lagos; Nigeria; post-occupancy evaluation; public housing; residents; satisfaction	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878852594	Post-occupancy evaluation of residential satisfaction in Lagos, Nigeria: Feedback for residential improvement	David Jiboye A.	2012	Frontiers of Architectural Research	1	3	10.1016/j.foar.2012.08.001	Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	David Jiboye, A., Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	This study is a post-occupancy evaluation of residential satisfaction in Oniru Estate, Lagos, Nigeria. It conceived residents' satisfaction as a measure of people's attitudes towards certain aspects of their residential environment. The very important role of certain physical quality or characteristics of the environment as a dominant predictor of satisfaction is emphasized. Apart from the measurement of residential satisfaction through post-occupancy evaluation, it also utilized respondents' satisfaction scores as indices for evaluating the performance of residential development in the study area. Analysis was done using Chi-square statistics (. p=0.05 with a level of significance of 0.000) to confirm the relationship between the quality of housing physical environment and level of residents' satisfaction. The results show and confirm that the quality of certain physical characteristics in the housing environment is imperative thereby influencing the level of residents' housing satisfaction. The need to consider relevant inputs emanating from the end-users or occupants of residential developments in the planning, design and development of satisfactory dwellings is highlighted. © 2012 Higher Education Press Limited Company.	Evaluation; Housing; Nigeria; Residential improvement; Satisfaction	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41949140269	Thermal performance in building without shading devices	Kadiri K.O., Okosun J.	2006	Journal of Applied Sciences	6	6	None	Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	Kadiri, K.O., Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; Okosun, J., Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	Most of the buildings in Ile-Ife were not designed with shading devices to shield the building interior from direct solar radiation. In order to see how effective is shading device an investigation was carried out on buildings with one side shaded and the other exposed to solar radiation between the times of 12.00-3.00 pm. Seventy percent of the occupants felt hot and uncomfortable due to solar heat gain from the window without shading devices. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Building; Heat gain; Shading devices; Solar radiation; Thermal comfort	Building interiors; Direct solar radiation; Exposed to; Heat gains; In-buildings; Shading devices; Solar heat gains; Thermal Performance; Solar radiation; Sun; Thermal comfort; Buildings	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84895778746	Evaluation of urban residential thermal comfort in relation to indoor and outdoor air temperatures in Ibadan, Nigeria	Adunola A.O.	2014	Building and Environment	75	None	10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.02.007	Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	Adunola, A.O., Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	A thermal comfort survey was conducted in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria. Ten percent (12) of the 119 neighbourhoods identified from the metropolitan map were selected by stratified random sampling comprising 2 low, 3 medium and 7 high residential densities. Systematic random sampling was used to select a total of 528 houses within these neighbourhoods for the survey. Indoor and outdoor measurements of air temperature and other relevant climatic elements were carried out in representative buildings within the neighbourhoods. For each selected building, an adult resident filled a questionnaire indicating the indoor thermal response at different periods of the day using the ASHRAE thermal comfort scale. Significant variations of air temperature and thermal response manifested across the residential densities and neighbourhoods. The air temperature variation across the neighbourhoods was found to be influenced by the different neighbourhood characteristics. Maximum values of measured outdoor and indoor temperatures ranged from 34.1°C to 36.9°C and from 32.5°C to 35°C respectively. The reduction in maximum temperatures from outdoor to indoor was in the range of 1.6-1.9°C. The variation of temperature across residential densities was found to affect indoor thermal comfort. It was inferred that the urban microclimate had impact on the indoor comfort of residents. Mean comfort vote was related to indoor and outdoor temperature by linear equations. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Air temperature; Thermal comfort; Tropical climate; Urban microclimate	Housing; Space heating; Surveys; Thermal comfort; Air temperature; Air temperature variations; Indoor and outdoor airs; Indoor thermal comfort; Outdoor measurements; Stratified random sampling; Tropical climates; Urban microclimate; Atmospheric temperature; air temperature; building; indoor air; neighborhood; tropical environment; urban climate; Ibadan; Nigeria; Oyo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949524892	Empirical investigation of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) performance in hospital buildings in Nigeria	Stephen Nimlyat P., Zin Kandar M., Sediadi E.	2015	Jurnal Teknologi	77	14	10.11113/jt.v77.6445	Department of Architecture, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Department of Architecture, University of Jos, Nigeria	Stephen Nimlyat, P., Department of Architecture, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia, Department of Architecture, University of Jos, Nigeria; Zin Kandar, M., Department of Architecture, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Sediadi, E., Department of Architecture, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia	This study investigates and summarises the results of physical measurement of the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in hospital building wards in Plateau State, Nigeria comparing two hospital settings. The results indicate that the mean indoor air temperature in the case study hospital ward buildings exceeded the range of 23-26 °C as recommended by international standards. The temperature levels in the teaching hospital ward buildings were relatively lower than what was obtained in the specialist hospital whose ward buildings lack proper ventilation. The amount of daylight requirement on an average were below 300Lux in the specialist hospital whose façade orientation and window-wall-ratio (WWR) could not allow for maximum sunlight penetration, while it was above 300Lux in the teaching hospital. However, the sound intensity level in both hospital ward buildings ranged between 52.7dBA and 71.3dBA. This study therefore recommend that, hospital building design or retrofitting should employed common strategies towards increasing ventilation and daylight with minimal energy consumption. © 2015 Penerbit UTM Press. All rights reserved.	Environmental quality; Hospital buildings; Indoor; Measurement; Parameters	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867493146	Evaluation of the effectiveness of design strategies for passive ventilation in hot-humid tropical environment: A case study of the design strategies used in student hostels of university of Nigeria, enugu campus	Uzuegbunam F.O., Chukwuali C.B., Mba H.C.	2012	JP Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer	6	3	None	Department of Architecture, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, 400006, Enugu Enugu State, Nigeria; Centre for Environmental Management and Control, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, 400006, Enugu Enugu State, Nigeria	Uzuegbunam, F.O., Department of Architecture, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, 400006, Enugu Enugu State, Nigeria; Chukwuali, C.B., Department of Architecture, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, 400006, Enugu Enugu State, Nigeria; Mba, H.C., Centre for Environmental Management and Control, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, 400006, Enugu Enugu State, Nigeria	The effects of design strategies, namely: ventilation, temperature and relative humidity are usually identified for the thermal comfort they provide in any enclosed space. Incidentally, the effectiveness of the design strategies has eluded limelight for want of empirical scientific data. This study aims at evaluating the effectiveness of design strategies, for passive ventilation in student hostels, located in the hothumid tropical environment of South Eastern Nigeria. Objectives were to determine the difference in effectiveness of the design strategies in the student hostels of the study area; also to determine if there were significant correlations, between design strategies and passive ventilation. Accordingly, the objectives were so hypothesized. The methodology included simulations performed, with the PHOENICS-VR program. Principal component analysis, analysis of variance and correlation techniques were also used. The results confirmed significant correlations between the three design strategies and passive ventilation. Also, their effectiveness was indexed and ranked for appropriate application. © 2012 Pushpa Publishing House.	Design strategy; Evaluation; Hothumid tropical environment; Passive ventilation; Student hostels	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949475648	E(Lab)orating performance: transnationalism and blended learning in the theatre classroom	Cloete N., Dinesh N., Hazou R.T., Matchett S.	2015	Research in Drama Education	20	4	10.1080/13569783.2015.1065723	Department of Art History, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Drama, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; School of English and Media Studies, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand	Cloete, N., Department of Art History, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Dinesh, N., Department of Drama, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Hazou, R.T., School of English and Media Studies, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand; Matchett, S., Department of Drama, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	E(Lab)orating Performance is a transnational collaborative teaching and learning project involving Massey University (New Zealand), University of Cape Town (South Africa), UWC Mahindra College (India), and University of the Witwatersrand (South Africa). The project was devised to facilitate creative engagements between students and educators in theatre and performance classrooms at the participating institutions. By using online platforms to create transnational teaching and learning spaces, the project explored the affordances and the limitations of blended learning approaches to ‘live’ disciplines like Theatre and Performance Studies. In addition to exploring aspects of blended learning, the project was guided by an assumption that it might facilitate transnational cultural citizenship, through which participating students and educators might develop cosmopolitan engagements and openness to cultural differences. This paper critically examines the E(Lab)orating Performance project by providing an overview, a reflection on its various productive mistranslations, and a consideration of its effectiveness as a teaching and learning initiative. © 2015 Taylor & Francis.	blended learning; collaborative teaching; cosmopolitanism; cultural citizenship; documentary theatre; selfie performance; transnational learning	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745807956	Improving the laboratory diagnosis of TB in Ghana: The impact of a quality assurance system	Addo K.K., Dan-Dzide M., Yeboah-Manu D., Owusu-Darko K., Caulley P., Minamikawa M., Bonsu F., Lienhardt C., Akpedonu P., Ofori-Adjei D.	2006	International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease	10	7	None	Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Legon, Ghana; National Public Health Reference Laboratory, Korle-Bu, Ghana; National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Korle-Bu, Ghana; West African TB Research Initiative, Dakar, Senegal; Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana	Addo, K.K., Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Legon, Ghana, Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana; Dan-Dzide, M., Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Legon, Ghana; Yeboah-Manu, D., Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Legon, Ghana; Owusu-Darko, K., Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Legon, Ghana; Caulley, P., National Public Health Reference Laboratory, Korle-Bu, Ghana; Minamikawa, M., Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Legon, Ghana; Bonsu, F., National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Korle-Bu, Ghana; Lienhardt, C., West African TB Research Initiative, Dakar, Senegal; Akpedonu, P., Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Legon, Ghana; Ofori-Adjei, D., Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Legon, Ghana	SETTING: Greater Accra region, Ghana. OBJECTIVE: To establish a pilot quality assurance (QA) system in sputum smear microscopy and to evaluate its impact. DESIGN: Quarterly supporting visits were paid to participating laboratories between 2000 and 2002. Fifteen examined slides were selected randomly from each laboratory during the visits and blindly re-assessed. Feedback was given promptly to the various laboratories. Training and stakeholder workshops were organised whenever necessary. RESULTS: General improvements in smear preparation and staining as well as the reading ability of the laboratory personnel included in the study were observed. The average marks for specimen quality, staining ability, smear cleanness, thickness, size and evenness increased from 64%, 79%, 69%, 46%, 67% and 60% in the last quarter of 2000 to 81%, 90%, 86%, 79%, 80% and 74%, respectively, 24 months after the establishment of the QA system. Within the same period, the rate of false-positives and -negatives decreased from respectively 14.8% and 20.5% to 0%, and agreements in positivity grade increased from 74% to 95%. The performance of the participating laboratories in keeping the laboratory registers up to date also improved. CONCLUSION: The QA system needs to be extended to the rest of the country. © 2006 The Union.	Ghana; Pilot system; Quality assurance; Sputum smear microscopy	article; false negative result; false positive result; Ghana; health care quality; human; job performance; laboratory diagnosis; medical education; priority journal; sputum smear; tuberculosis; Ghana; Humans; Laboratory Techniques and Procedures; Pilot Projects; Quality Assurance, Health Care; Tuberculosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-31744438443	Evaluation of two novel Ziehl-Neelsen methods for tuberculosis diagnosis	Frimpong E.H., Adukpo R., Owusu-Darko K.	2005	West African Journal of Medicine	24	4	None	Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute of Medical Research, Legon, Ghana; Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana	Frimpong, E.H., Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana; Adukpo, R., Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana; Owusu-Darko, K., Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute of Medical Research, Legon, Ghana	Background: Currently, the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in Ghana relies on direct sputum smear, Ziehl- Neelsen (ZN) staining method. This method has low sensitivity and poses some health risks. The study was to compare the, direct sputum smear, (ZN) staining method against two newer ZN methods; 1% Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCL)-xylene floatation and 1% NaOCL sedimentation methods, to determine the most sensitive and the safest. Study design: A prospective descriptive study involving 150 adult patients attending Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana suspected of pulmonary tuberculosis, using the three ZN microscopy methods: direct sputum smear, 1% NaOCL sedimentation, and 1% NaOCL-xylene floatation, for the detection of acid fast bacilli (AFB). Sputum culture on Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) slopes was used as the gold standard for determining the sensitivity and specificity rates. Results: The sensitivity rates of NaOCL sedimentation, NaOCL-xylene floatation and direct smear methods were 77.2%, 71.8% and 66.3% respectively. The specificity rate was 95.9% for all three methods. Whereas the difference between the NaOCL sedimentation and the direct smear methods was statistically significant (P= 0.0446), that between the NaOCL-xylene floatation and direct smear was not (P=0.1788). Conclusion: In spite of the cost of chemicals, the hypochlorite sedimentation method was found to be the most accurate and the safest.	Laboratory infection; Sputum microscopy; Tuberculosis	hypochlorite sodium; xylene; acid fast bacterium; adolescent; adult; aged; article; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; Ghana; health hazard; human; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; microscopy; prospective study; school child; sedimentation; sensitivity and specificity; sputum culture; sputum smear; staining; statistical significance; teaching hospital; tuberculosis; Ziehl Neelsen staining; Adult; Bacteriological Techniques; Coloring Agents; Ghana; Humans; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Prospective Studies; Sodium Hypochlorite; Sputum; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956507919	Firms' Performance and Lending Constraints in Nigeria	Obamuyi T.M.	2010	Journal of Entrepreneurship	19	2	10.1177/097135571001900205	Department of Banking and Finance, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria	Obamuyi, T.M., Department of Banking and Finance, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria	This study analyses how banks' lending affects firms' performance and identifies some of the factors that have constrained finance to the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) sector, both on the supply and demand sides. The article is based on the case study of sample of 260 SMEs and interviews with managers of commercial banks in Ondo State, Nigeria. The results show that the firms that received bank loans performed better than those without loans. The study reveals that firms were reluctant to obtain loans from the banks because of high interest rates and stringent lending policies. The banks were also constrained due to the poor credit worthiness of the firms. The government should formulate policies that will compel banks to relax their stringent regulations which discourage borrowings. There should be entrepreneurial education for the entrepreneurs on financial recordings and business management.	firm performance; lending constraints; SMEs in Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865957348	FDI flows to sub-saharan Africa: The impact of finance, institutions, and natural resource endowment	Ezeoha A.E., Cattaneo N.	2012	Comparative Economic Studies	54	3	10.1057/ces.2012.18	Department of Banking and Finance, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State 09234, Nigeria; Department of Economics and Economic History, Rhodes University, South Africa	Ezeoha, A.E., Department of Banking and Finance, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State 09234, Nigeria; Cattaneo, N., Department of Economics and Economic History, Rhodes University, South Africa	Using a panel data from 38 Sub-Sahara African (SSA) countries and a dynamic system GMM model, this study examines the individual and interactive impact of financial development, institutional quality, and natural resource endowment on both the stock and the flow of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) to the region. It finds that inward FDI is more dynamic in non-resource-rich than in resource-rich countries; that in non-resource-rich countries, foreign investors rely more on the efficiency of the governance institutions, but in resource-rich countries, the formal financial system provides alternative platform for managing the stock of existing FDI, as well as for providing financial allocative and intermediation roles; that the impact of natural resource endowment and macroeconomic factors are more robust in the stock than it is in the flow of inward FDI; that the capacity of an SSA country's financial system to attract and support foreign investments is dependent on the quality of her telecommunication infrastructure, the quality of legal and governance structures, and the kind of FDI in question; that the positive impact of infrastructure on FDI depends on the size of a country's market; and that although natural resource endowment appears to be key source of inward FDI to SSA countries, its importance has diminished since the start of 2000. © 2012 ACES. All rights reserved.	Africa; FDI; financial development; institutions; resources	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82855181272	Biological evaluation of Thaumatococcus danielli waste protein	Elemo B.O., Adu O.B., Ogunrinola O.O., Efuwape T.O., Olaleye K.O., Kareem A.A.	2011	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	10	11	None	Department of Biochemistry, Lagos State University, P.M.B. 01, LASU, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria	Elemo, B.O., Department of Biochemistry, Lagos State University, P.M.B. 01, LASU, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria; Adu, O.B., Department of Biochemistry, Lagos State University, P.M.B. 01, LASU, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria; Ogunrinola, O.O., Department of Biochemistry, Lagos State University, P.M.B. 01, LASU, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria; Efuwape, T.O., Department of Biochemistry, Lagos State University, P.M.B. 01, LASU, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria; Olaleye, K.O., Department of Biochemistry, Lagos State University, P.M.B. 01, LASU, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria; Kareem, A.A., Department of Biochemistry, Lagos State University, P.M.B. 01, LASU, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria	Potential application of T. danielli waste as a raw material in livestock feed formulation had been suggested in earlier reports. In this study, the nutritional quality of protein in Thaumatococcus danielli seed and pericarp was evaluated using 16 male waster rats (20-25 g). The animals were randomly assigned to 4 groups and were maintained on four isocaloric diets, namely: casein, seed, pericarp and nitrogen-free diets, for 10 days. Daily weight gain and feed intake over the last 7 days were measured. Feacal, carcass, and feed nitrogen contents were also determined at the end of the feeding trial. Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER), Net Protein Retention (NPR), Biological Value (BV), Net Protein Utilization (NPU) and True Digestibility (TD), were thereafter calculated. Mean weight gain was significantly lower (p>0.05) in the rats fed the T. danielli pericarp feed (-2.60±0.80 g) than those placed on the seed (5.46±0.71 g). PER (-2.11±0.09); TD (59.37±1.72%); BV (16.96±1.61%); NPU (76.13±1.01%); and NPR (2.53±0.22) values were also significantly lower (p<0.01) in the pericarp than in the seed (2.19±0.23, 82.02±1.25%, 58.04±11.54%, 90.86±1.25% and 4.54±0.43 respectively). The quality of T. danielli seed protein compared favourably with that of the casein based diet. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the BV, PER, and NPU values between the casein based and the T. danielli based diets. The NPR value of the seed was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to the casein diet. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2011.	Protein quality; Thaumatococcus danielli; Under-utilized crops; Waste utilization	casein; nitrogen; protein; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; carcass; controlled study; dietary intake; food composition; food intake; growth inhibition; male; nonhuman; nutritional assessment; nutritional value; pericarp; plant; plant seed; rat; test meal; Thaumatococcus danielli; weight gain	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845760922	Increasing incidence of poverty in Nigeria: An impact assessment of the government's economic reform programme	Ezeoha A.E.	2005	Journal of Social Development in Africa	20	2	None	Department of Banking and Finance, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria	Ezeoha, A.E., Department of Banking and Finance, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria	This paper sets out to examine why it had remained nearly impossible for a country like Nigeria to address the rising incidence of poverty among her citizenry. It also attempts to establish the impact of an apparently total lack of social alignment in government economic reforms and policies. It focuses on trends in the reform programme pursued over the last five years (1999 - 2004) by the present civilian government of Nigeria, and the attendant poverty alleviation strategies adopted. It notes that one of the high points of the manifesto of the Obansajo government in the last five years (May 1999 - 2004) was its commitment to poverty alleviation in the country; and that since its inception, the government had rolled out numerous poverty reduction programmes, and yet at the same time, had developed several economic reform programmes that seemed to have greatly deflected the goals of these same measures. The paper posits that all the efforts of the government, and the resources invested in the poverty alleviation programe over the years seem to have been wasted, as only limited positive results have been recorded. The paper further notes that regrettably, government initiatives designed to mitigate the deleterious effects of the economic reforms have, instead helped to worsen the state of poverty in the country. It recommends that a more realistic strategy to alleviate poverty in Nigeria would be for the government to take full responsibility for ensuring that poor people receive greater attention in their struggle to access affordable and better quality basic services.	None	economic impact; economic reform; poverty alleviation; state role; strategic approach; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-53749102027	Impact of share capitalization on bank profitability in Nigeria	Aburime U.T., Uche C.U.	2008	European Journal of Scientific Research	19	3	None	Department of Banking and Finance, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria	Aburime, U.T., Department of Banking and Finance, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria; Uche, C.U., Department of Banking and Finance, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria	This paper is an empirical analysis of the impact of share capitalization on bank profitability in Nigeria. Analyzing data captured from 98 banks in 479 observations over the 1989-2004 period, results of the empirical estimations suggest that it was only during the 1989-1991 estimation period that share capital amount and status had significant effect on bank profitability in Nigeria. Therefore, upward regulations of the minimum quantum of bank share capital in Nigeria in 1997, 2000, 2001, and 2004, geared towards minimizing distress in the Nigerian banking industry, were inappropriate strategies. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2008.	Bank; Capital; Distress; Profitability; Regulation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898757173	Impact of corruption on economic growth in Nigeria	Odi N.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	6 SPEC. ISSUE	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n6p41	Department of Banking and Finance, Kogi State University, Anyigba Kogi, Nigeria	Odi, N., Department of Banking and Finance, Kogi State University, Anyigba Kogi, Nigeria	Corruption is an ancient practice that has been traced back to pre-biblical time and made itself known in the ancient civilizations of developed and developing countries. This study empirically investigates the impact of corruption on the growth of Nigerian economy using granger causality and regression techniques. The study used gross domestic product (GDP) as a proxy of economic growth and corruption index as a proxy of corruption in our analysis. The study revealed that the level of corruption in Nigeria over the years has significant negative impact on economic growth in Nigeria. The implication of this study is that economy cannot grow fast without zero tolerance in corruption. The study recommended that the policies that will enhance economic growth are expected to be encouraged in reducing corruption and poverty so that the level of economic growth can be improved. And that the activities or programmes of the anti-corruption agencies in Nigeria such as the Economic and Financial Crime Commission (EFCC) and the Independent Corrupt Practices and related Offences Commission (ICPC) should be strengthened.	Co-integration; Corruption; Economic growth; EFCC; ICPC	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959697143	Relationship between regulation and performance of Nigerian commercial banks	Okezie A.C., Tella S., Akingunola R.	2011	European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences	None	33	None	Department of Banking and Finance, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State Nigeria P. O. Box 6241, Shomolu, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Economics, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State Nigeria P. O. Box 1166, Ijebu-Ode, Ogun Stat	Okezie, A.C., Department of Banking and Finance, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State Nigeria P. O. Box 6241, Shomolu, Lagos, Nigeria; Tella, S., Department of Economics, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State Nigeria P. O. Box 1166, Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria; Akingunola, R., Department of Banking and Finance, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, P.M.B 2002, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria	The study set out to find the relationship between commercial banks' regulation and their performance, using the period 1986 - 2004. Granger Causality test, OLS regression analysis and charting, were applied to regulation, measured by the quotient of the number of banks and the number of on-site examination and performance measured by the reciprocal of the number of distressed banks. For the entire period 1986 - 2004, there was no relationship between banks' performance and regulation. However, for both the periods, 1986-1995 and 1996-2004, the level of banks' performance determined the level of regulation, implying that banking supervision policy was reactive rather than proactive. The study, therefore, endorses the move to shift from the transaction bank supervision method to the risk based approach. © EuroJournals, Inc. 2011.	Bank performance; Regulation; Risk based supervision; Transaction based supervision	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-47249092753	Impact of insecticide spray regimes on insect abundance in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in North Eastern Nigeria	Sharah H.A., Ali E.A.	2008	International Journal of Agriculture and Biology	10	3	None	Department of Crop Protection, University of Maidguri, P.M.B 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria; College of Agriculture, P.M.B. 1427, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria	Sharah, H.A., Department of Crop Protection, University of Maidguri, P.M.B 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria; Ali, E.A., College of Agriculture, P.M.B. 1427, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria	Field experiment was carried in Maiduguri during two cropping seasons to assess crop - pest cycle in relation to pest control using insecticides in cowpea [(Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp)]. The factional experiment considered two types of insecticides (Decis: deltamethrin and Nogos: dichlorvos) and nine (9) spraying regimes. The four stages in the phenology (pre-flowering (vegetative), flowering, podding &amp; maturation) were monitored closely until harvest. Flower and pod drops were significantly different between control and treated plots and the cost: benefit ratios also followed similar trends. Pest species were more abundant at the pre-flowering and maturation in all the treatments, whether chemically treated or not. A total of 14,400 insect species were counted from the 50 observations in the two seasons and grouped into six orders, listed in order of abundance. Thysanoptera topped the list and diptera was the least in abundance. Insect populations were higher in the untreated (control) plots than in all the two-sprayed fields with 18.3% and 10.3% more between the un-sprayed (control; T0) and the complete controlled (T8) for Decis and Nogos treated plots, respectively. A significant interaction existed between insecticides types and spray regimes as there was low insect number per plant in Decis-treated plots than in Nogos treated plots. Flower and flower drops, pods and pods drops and cost: benefit ratios were significantly different with spaying regimes irrespective of the chemicals. Decis treated fields had better protection from Nogos treated fields.	Cost:benefit ratio; Crop phenology; Crop-pest cycle; Flowering; Insecticides; Pest abundance; Podding stages; Spraying regimes	Diptera; Hexapoda; Thysanoptera; Vigna unguiculata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957574914	Housing and construction finance, deposit mobilisation and bank performance in Ghana	Ametefe F., Aboagye A.Q.Q., Sarpong-Kumankoma E.	2011	Journal of Property Research	28	2	10.1080/09599916.2010.538478	Department of Banking and Finance, University of Ghana Business School, P.O. Box LG 78, Legon, Ghana	Ametefe, F., Department of Banking and Finance, University of Ghana Business School, P.O. Box LG 78, Legon, Ghana; Aboagye, A.Q.Q., Department of Banking and Finance, University of Ghana Business School, P.O. Box LG 78, Legon, Ghana; Sarpong-Kumankoma, E., Department of Banking and Finance, University of Ghana Business School, P.O. Box LG 78, Legon, Ghana	We analyse bank performance in Ghana over the period 2001-2007. We posit a two-equation simultaneous system for return on assets and volatility of earnings. In addition to other explanatory variables, this study is interested in the impact of deposits as a proportion of total assets and the proportion of housing and construction loans that banks extend. The triangular system is estimated by the least squares dummy variable approach. We find that the coefficients of the deposit ratio are very small in both equations and not at all significant. At the 10% significance level, the ratio of total loans to assets is positive and significant in both equations. Housing and construction loans tend to increase return on equity and decrease volatility. Increases in equity to assets ratio increase return on assets and decrease volatility of earnings significantly. The impact of non-interest income is small and tends to increase return on assets and decrease volatility. Nonperforming loan ratio has the expected sign and is significant in the return on assets equation. Increases in inflation decrease profitability and increase volatility. We recommend that banks raise longer-term financing on the capital market to undertake longer-term profitable projects such as housing finance. © 2011 Taylor & Francis.	Bank performance; Deposits; Equity; Loans; Return on assets; Volatility of earnings	banking; finance; housing market; income; least squares method; lending behavior; performance assessment; profitability; Ghana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58149377947	Corporate governance and firm performance in Africa: A dynamic panel data analysis	Kyereboah-Coleman A.	2008	Journal for Studies in Economics and Econometrics	32	2	None	Department of Banking and Finance, University of Ghana, Business School, Legon, Ghana; University of Stellenbosch, Business School, Cape Town, South Africa	Kyereboah-Coleman, A., Department of Banking and Finance, University of Ghana, Business School, Legon, Ghana, University of Stellenbosch, Business School, Cape Town, South Africa	The study examined the effect of corporate governance on the performance of firms in Africa by using both market and accounting based performance measures. Unique data from 103 firms drawn from Ghana, South Africa, Nigeria and Kenya covering the five year period 1997-2001 was used and analysis done within the dynamic panel data framework. Results indicate that the direction and the extent of impact of governance is dependent on the performance measure being examined. Specifically, our findings show that large and independent boards enhance firm value and that combining the positions of CEO and board chair has a negative impact on corporate performance. We also find that CEO's tenure in office enhances a firm's profitability whiles board activity intensity affects profitability negatively. The size of audit committees and the frequency of their meetings have positive influence on market based performance measures and that institutional shareholding enhances market valuation of firms. For enhanced performance of corporate entities, we recommend a clear separation of the positions of CEO and board chair and also to maintain relatively independent audit committees.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857718934	The impact of micro-credit on poverty alleviation and human capital development: Evidence from Nigeria	Onwumere J.U.J., Ibe I.G., Ugbam O.C.	2012	European Journal of Social Sciences	28	3	None	Department of Banking and Finance, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria; Department of Banking and Finance, Renaissance University, Ugwanka, Enugu, Nigeria; Department of Management, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria	Onwumere, J.U.J., Department of Banking and Finance, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria; Ibe, I.G., Department of Banking and Finance, Renaissance University, Ugwanka, Enugu, Nigeria; Ugbam, O.C., Department of Management, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria	One of the main policy objectives for the establishment of microfinance banks in Nigeria was to assist small and medium scale enterprises in Nigeria in raising their productive capacity and level of employment generation, thus alleviating poverty and enhancing human capital development. It is against this background that this study empirically examines the impact of microcredit granted by microfinance banks on poverty alleviation and enhancement of human capital development in Nigeria from 1999-2008. The study adopted the OLS regression technique to test the hypotheses formulated. Microfinance Banks financial intermediation activities are proxied by loans to deposits ratio as the independent variable while poverty index (PI) and Human Development Index (HDI) are the dependent variables. The results generally indicate that financial intermediation activities of Microfinance banks in Nigeria had negative non-significant impact on poverty index and a positive impact on human capital development within the period under study. It accordingly recommended that government should create an enabling environment for microfinance banks to increase the rate of financial intermediation activity as to reverse the trend observed on the impact of microcredit on poverty alleviation as well as continual improvement in human capital development of Nigerian citizens. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2012.	Human capital development; Microcredit; Poverty alleviation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867812779	Board characteristics and the financial performance of Nigerian quoted firms	Ujunwa A.	2012	Corporate Governance (Bingley)	12	5	10.1108/14720701211275587	Department of Banking and Finance, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria	Ujunwa, A., Department of Banking and Finance, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria	Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of corporate board characteristics on the financial performance of Nigerian quoted firms. Board characteristics studied comprise board size, board skill, board nationality, board gender, board ethnicity and CEO duality. Design/methodology/approach: The study employed the random-effects and fixed-effects generalised least squares (GLS) regression to test the six hypotheses formulated for the study, while controlling for firm size and firm age. Findings: Using panel data from 122 quoted firms in Nigeria between 1991 and 2008, it was found that board size, CEO duality and gender diversity were negatively linked with firm performance, whereas board nationality, board ethnicity and the number of board members with a PhD qualification were found to impact positively on firm performance. The result of the robustness test using the same board characteristics for 160 small firms showed that board duality was positively linked to firm performance, while a PhD qualification was negatively linked to firm performance. Practical implications: The study contributes to the understanding of the board-performance link by examining both the traditional variables such as board size, CEO duality and other organisational attributes such as ethnic diversity, foreign nationality and competence variables represented by women and PhD holders, respectively. The results provide an insight for practitioners and policy makers on the importance of relying on institutional specifics in the prescription of corporate governance codes. Originality/value: The study adds value to the global corporate governance discourse in two ways: first, the use of Nigeria, which is claimed to have one of the weakest business cultures in the world, and secondly, using a good number of proxies that are country-specific for corporate boards. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Board characteristics; Boards of Directors; Corporate governance; Firm performance; Regression analysis	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84910092963	Corporate board diversity and firm performance: Evidence from Nigeria	Ujunwa A., Nwakoby I., Ugbam C.O.	2012	Corporate Ownership and Control	9	2 Continued 1	None	Department of Banking and Finance, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria; Department of Management, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria	Ujunwa, A., Department of Banking and Finance, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria; Nwakoby, I., Department of Banking and Finance, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria; Ugbam, C.O., Department of Management, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria	This paper investigates the impact of corporate board diversity on the financial performance of Nigerian quoted firms using a panel data of 122 quoted Nigerian firms. The aspects of board diversity studied comprise board nationality, board gender and board ethnicity. The Fixed Effect Generalised Least Square Regression is used to examine the impact of board diversity on firm performance for the period: 1991-2008. The results show that gender diversity was negatively linked with firm performance, while board nationality and board ethnicity were positive in predicting firm performance. The study provides insights for practitioners and policy makers on the need to view the board as a strategic resource in line with the resource dependency theory instead of viewing the board solely from agency theory perspective. © 2012, Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved.	Board of directors; Corporate governance; Diversity; Firm performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857773152	Bivariate causality analysis on the impact of FDI inflows and economic growth in Nigeria	Egbo O.P.	2011	Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce	16	3	None	Department of Banking, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria	Egbo, O.P., Department of Banking, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria	The aim of this study is to find out the direction of causality between foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth (GDP) in Nigeria for a period of 40 years, which is between 1970 to 2009. The study employed in its analysis, the use of Ordinary Least Square (OLS), the unit root test was used to test for stationarity of the time series, the Johansen Cointegration test was used to test for the existence of long-run relationship among the variables and finally, Granger causality test, to establish the causal relationship between the variables. The stationarity test (unit root) was carried out in other to ascertain the order of integration among the variables. The variables foreign direct investment (FDI) and gross domestic product (GDP) were found to be non-stationary at their level and first difference with 2 lags. They were thus integrated of order one 1(1). The Cointegration test which was done using Johansen Cointegration test, revealed that the variables were cointegrated and had a unchanging relationship in the long-run. To check for the direction of causality, the Granger causality test was employed and it indicated that a causality relationship ran from FDIs to GDP which showed a uni-directional relationship. From the result of this work, it was ascertained that during the period under study, that there was a positive relationship between FDI and GDP which is a strong indication that FDI leads to economic growth in Nigeria. © Obiamaka Egbo, 2011.	Causality and cointegration; Economic growth; Foreign direct investment (FDI); Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84910088273	Managers and employees’ perception of the impact of electronic banking on bank operational efficiency. A case of commercial banks in Zimbabwe	Muwando S., Webb M.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	23	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n23p85	Department of Banking, National University of Science Technology (NUST), Zimbabwe; National University of Science Technology (NUST), Zimbabwe	Muwando, S., Department of Banking, National University of Science Technology (NUST), Zimbabwe; Webb, M., National University of Science Technology (NUST), Zimbabwe	The main objective of the paper is to assess the managers and employees’ perception of the impact of electronic banking on operational efficiency of commercial banks in Zimbabwe. An exploratory research design was employed to address the objectives of the study. Fifteen commercial banks operating in Bulawayo were chosen. The sample of the study consists of eighty participants composed of sixty management staff and twenty employees. A questionnaire and personal interviews were used to solicit information from the participants. The results revealed that electronic banking enhanced the operational efficiency of the commercial banks in Zimbabwe. There is need for the government to improve its legislation and telecommunication infrastructure for the banks to enjoy on a full scale the benefits of electronic banking. © 2014 Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved.	Commercial banks; Electronic banking; Operational efficiency; Zimbabwe	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845395990	Impact of urbanisation on bionomics and distribution of malaria vectors in Lagos, southwestern Nigeria	Oyewole I.O., Awolola T.S.	2006	Journal of Vector Borne Diseases	43	4	None	Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria; Public Health Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria	Oyewole, I.O., Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria; Awolola, T.S., Public Health Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria	Background &amp; objectives: The patterns of annual, rainfall as well as average daily temperature have not changed drastically in the study area since 1960 when detailed baseline entomological surveys were carried out. However, the increase in human population from 1.2 to 10 million has resulted in both expansion of land and tremendous ecological and environmental change. This has led to drastic changes in vectors' densities as well as species' composition while the preferred larval habitat of malaria vectors has shifted to water reservoirs. A longitudinal study was carried out to investigate the impact of urbanisation on bionomics and distribution of malaria vectors in Lagos, a mega city in Nigeria. Methods: Mosquitoes were collected indoors and outdoors using WHO standard techniques in the selected areas between January and December 2000. Specimens were identified using the morphological keys and PCR assays. ELISA tests were used for Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite infection. Results: The Anopheles gambiae species-specific PCR identified 56% (435/777) of the An. gambiae s.l. as An. gambiae s.s. and 44% (342/777) as An. arabiensis. The molecular M and S forms represented 35.3 and 64.7% of the An. gambiae s.s. population, respectively. The An. funestus species-specific PCR identified 60% (239/401) of the An. funestus group as An. funestus s.s. and 40% (162/401) as An. rivulorum. The biting activity of An. funestus s.s. both indoors and outdoors attained a peak at 0200 and 2200 hrs, respectively, with a significant increase in the "pre-bed time" collections indoors (χ2 = 6.15, df = 1, p &lt; 0.05) and outdoors (χ2 = 6.28, df = 1, p &lt; 0.05). The overall outdoor collection was significantly higher (χ2 = 28.23, df =3, p &lt; 0.05) than that recorded indoors. The overall sporozoite rates for An. gambiae s.s., An. arabiensis and An. funestus were significantly different in both localities (χ2 = 0.58, df = 2, p &lt; 0.01). Infection rates in both indoor and outdoor collections were also different statistically (χ2 = 0.67, df = 2, p &lt; 0.01). Interpretation &amp; conclusion: Large number and species of anopheline mosquitoes collected in the study area may be associated with the availability of aquatic breeding sites. A phenomenon leading to an increase in man-vector contact and a high level of risk to the crowded urban population is observed.	Anopheles mosquitoes; Nigeria; Urbanisation	anopheles arabiensis; anopheles funestus; Anopheles gambiae; Anopheles rivolurum; article; climate change; controlled study; ecology; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; female; geographic distribution; infection rate; malaria; morphology; mosquito; Nigeria; nonhuman; parasite vector; Plasmodium falciparum; polymerase chain reaction; urbanization; world health organization; Animals; Anopheles; Anopheles gambiae; Disease Reservoirs; Humans; Insect Vectors; Malaria; Malaria, Falciparum; Nigeria; Species Specificity; Urbanization	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939496139	Evaluation of Trace Metals and Physical Properties of Nigerian Crude Oil Saturate Fraction	Adebiyi F.M., Adebiyi A.Y.	2015	Petroleum Science and Technology	33	12	10.1080/10916466.2015.1065277	Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Adebiyi, F.M., Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Adebiyi, A.Y., Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Analyses of trace elements and physical properties of the saturate fraction of Nigerian crude oil were done in order to establish the characteristics that may aid the developmental processes of the natural resources. Crude oil samples were collected from three different oil fields in Niger-Delta area of Nigeria. The saturate fractions were eluted by column chromatography using n-hexane. The saturate fractions were investigated for functional groups using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR); the elemental concentrations were determined using Atomic absorption spectrometry, while the physical properties (flash point, ash content, refractive index, and color) were determined using standard analytical methods. The results revealed that the infrared spectra of the saturate fraction of the Nigerian crude oil showed mainly the presence of C-H(CH<inf>3</inf>) and C-H(CH<inf>2</inf>) functional groups, indicating high purity of the samples. The concentrations of the analyzed elements (Mn, Cu, Co, Zn, Fe, V, Cr, and Ni) in the saturate fraction were generally low compared to other fractions of Nigerian crude oil. This study revealed that Co has the highest mean concentration of 1.81 ± 0.36 mg/L, while Mn has the lowest mean concentration of 0.04 ± 0.02 mg/L. The t test values for the comparison of the elemental concentrations of Nigerian crude oil /saturate fraction and crude oil asphaltene/saturate fraction showed significant difference (except Mn) with respect to Nigerian crude oil /saturate fraction. The cluster analysis for the elements showed two groups, which are fairly well correlated indicating similar source and similar chemical affinity. The cross-plot analysis of the Nigerian crude oil and its saturate using elemental concentrations as the variables showed a strong positive inter element correlation since (R2 = 0.71), establishing a relationship between the Nigerian crude oil and the saturate fraction. The color of the saturate fraction ranged from off-white to colorless. The results of analysis provide useful information on its conversion mechanism and environmental implications of the development of the fossil fuel deposit. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 2015.	crude oil; functional group; physical properties; saturate; trace metal	Absorption spectroscopy; Atomic absorption spectrometry; Chemical analysis; Chromatography; Cluster analysis; Column chromatography; Crude oil; Fossil fuel deposits; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Functional groups; Hexane; Infrared spectroscopy; Manganese; Metal analysis; Oil fields; Physical properties; Refractive index; Spectrometry; Trace elements; Chemical affinities; Conversion mechanism; Element correlations; Elemental concentrations; Environmental implications; Fourier transform infrared spectrometry; saturate; Trace metal; Petroleum analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745586289	Performance of sorghum/soyabean mixtures at varying planting arrangements and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer rates in the Northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria	Haruna I.M., Rahman S.A., Alhassan U.	2006	Tropical Science	46	2	10.1002/ts.62	Department of Basic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, PMB 135, Lafia, Nigeria	Haruna, I.M., Department of Basic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Rahman, S.A., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, PMB 135, Lafia, Nigeria; Alhassan, U., Department of Basic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria	Sorghum/soyabean intercrops were more effective and gave a better economic return with alternate row arrangement and the application of 100 kg N/ha and 13.2 kg P/ha. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Fertilizer rates; Nigeria; Planting arrangements; Sorghum/soyabean mixture	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33947323153	Evaluation of fungicides on growth and conidial germination of Verticillium theobromae isolated from plantain	Igeleke C.L., Ayanru D.K.G.	2007	Journal of Applied Sciences	7	4	None	Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Benson Idahosa University, P.M.B. 1100, Benin City, Nigeria; Department of Microbiology, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria	Igeleke, C.L., Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Benson Idahosa University, P.M.B. 1100, Benin City, Nigeria, Department of Microbiology, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria; Ayanru, D.K.G., Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Benson Idahosa University, P.M.B. 1100, Benin City, Nigeria, Department of Microbiology, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria	An evaluation of three fungicides, namely, benomyl [methyl 1-(butyl-carbamoyl)-2-benzimidazole carbamate], calixin (tridomorph) and dithane M45 (mancozeb), was carried out for their inhibitory effects on Verticillium theobromae, the causal organism of cigar-end rot disease of plantain (Musa paradisiaca). The LD50 of calixin, benomyl and dithane M-45 in inhibiting mycelial growth, were 0.14, 0.98 and 535.17 μg mL-1, respectively. Calixin was also the most effective in conidial germination inhibition with an LD50 of 21.78 μg mL-1, as compared with dithane M-45 86.39 μg mL-1 and benomyl 275.50 μg mL-1. Germ tubes of the test organism were distorted by the fungicides at varying concentrations. Calixin had greater distortion effect at a lower concentration of 10 μg mL-1, dithane M-45 (100 μg mL-1) and benomyl (1000 μg mL-1). The relevance of these results in relation to the control and management of cigar-end rot disease of plantain is discussed. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Fungicide; Growth inhibition; Plantain; Verticillium theobromae	Conidial germination; Control and management; Distortion effects; Growth inhibition; Inhibitory effect; Mycelial growth; Plantain; Verticillium theobromae; Cultivation; Disease control; Fungicides	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904361608	Depressive symptoms, burnout and the impact of events in non-professional volunteer counselors in Durban, South Africa	Vawda N.B.M.	2014	African Journal of Psychiatry (South Africa)	17	2	10.4172/1994-8220.SL1000101	Department of Behavioral Medicine, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 605 Exeter Hall, 24 Sol Harris Crescent, Durban, 4001, South Africa	Vawda, N.B.M., Department of Behavioral Medicine, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 605 Exeter Hall, 24 Sol Harris Crescent, Durban, 4001, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	adult; article; avoidance behavior; Beck Depression Inventory; burnout; clinical article; coping behavior; counseling; depersonalization; depression; emotional stress; female; human; Maslach Burnout Inventory; productivity; psychologic test; psychometry; religion; risk factor; South Africa; violence; voluntary worker; volunteer counselor	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36349013100	Psychosocial impact of sickle cell disease on mothers of affected children seen at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria	Tunde-Ayinmode M.F.	2007	East African Medical Journal	84	9	None	Department of Behavioural Sciences, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, P.O. Box 693, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Tunde-Ayinmode, M.F., Department of Behavioural Sciences, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, P.O. Box 693, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Background: Attention paid to psychological disorders of mothers or families of children suffering from sickle cell disease (SCD) in Nigeria has been inadequate. Objective: To assess the psychosocial impact of SCD on mothers of affected children and two control samples. Design: A cross-sectional controlled study. Setting: University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. Subjects: One hundred mothers of SCD affected children (SCD children) were the study sample while the controls were made of 75 mothers of children with bronchial asthma (asthmatics) and 75 mothers of children with some acute medical illness (AMI). Results: The mothers of children with SCD (SCD mothers) were significantly likely to report burden in the areas of finance, time consumption and hindrance from enjoyment of live and were also more likely to over-protect their children. A total of 28% of SCD mothers were identified as probable cases with psychological problems on SRQ compared to 20% and 25% of mothers of asthmatics and AMI children respectively, this differences were, however, not statistically significant. Conclusion: As a result of the prevalent psychosocial impact of this disease on mothers it is strongly suggested that special consideration in terms of routine psychosocial assessment and treatment be incorporated into the various levels of health care system. There is also the need to encourage the establishment of more social organisations like SCD clubs where affected families can interact and counsel one another.	None	adaptive behavior; adult; article; caregiver; cross-sectional study; female; health survey; human; mother; mother child relation; Nigeria; parent; psychologic test; psychological aspect; questionnaire; sickle cell anemia; socioeconomics; teaching hospital; university hospital; Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Caregivers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Health Surveys; Hospitals, Teaching; Hospitals, University; Humans; Mother-Child Relations; Mothers; Nigeria; Parents; Psychological Tests; Questionnaires; Socioeconomic Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903945211	Evaluation of acute and sub-chronic toxicities of Vensestin Cleansers: A polyherbal supplement in female Wistar albino rats	Patrick-Iwuanyanwu K.C., Okon E.A., Orisakwe O.E.	2014	Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science	4	6	10.7324/JAPS.2014.40611	Department of Biochemistry (Toxicology unit), Faculty of Chemical Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Toxicology unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Rive	Patrick-Iwuanyanwu, K.C., Department of Biochemistry (Toxicology unit), Faculty of Chemical Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Okon, E.A., Department of Biochemistry (Toxicology unit), Faculty of Chemical Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Orisakwe, O.E., Toxicology unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria	The acute and sub-chronic toxicities of Venestin Cleansers® (VC)-a polyherbal supplement in female Wistar Albino Rats Was Evaluated. Acute toxicity of VC in rats was determined. Twenty four weight-matched animals divided into 3 groups of eight rats each were given feed and water only (control), feed + water + 500 mg/kg and feed + water + 1000 mg/kg VC for 28-days. Feed and fluid intakes were measured daily and body weight was taken weekly. Blood was collected by cardiac puncture and necropsy was done after 28 days. Liver and ovary were harvested and histopathological analysis was done. Liver and renal functions tests were carried out. Administration of 2000 mg/kg of VC showed no mortality in the rats after 14 days. Fluid , feed intakes and body weight were increased by 500 and 1000mg/kg VC. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase activities increased significantly (p≤0.05) after VC administration. There was significant (p≤0.05) increase in conjugated bilirubin and total protein levels following administration of 500 and 1000mg/kg VC. Liver histology of the 500 and 1000 mg/kg of VC treated groups showed widespread ballooning, degeneration of the hepatocytes, periportal infiltration by chronic inflammatory cells with loss of radial arrangement of hepatocytes around the central veins. Histological examination of the ovaries showed areas of luteinized stromal cells, normal follicles, normal fallopian tubes. Chronic exposure of VC may have public health importance in man. © 2014 Kingsley C. Patrick-Iwuanyanwu et al.	Hepatotoxicity; Herbal supplements; Public health; Risk assessment; Safety	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-72449193210	Quantitative descriptive sensory analysis of the performance of pregelatinised starch-protein admixtures as fat mimetic in wheat bread	Ofosu I.W., Adjei I.A., Apea Bah F.B., Kwetey P.N., Ankar-Brewoo G.M., Oduro I., Ellis W.O.	2009	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	8	10	10.3923/pjn.2009.1559.1566	Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Kwabenya, Accra, Ghana	Ofosu, I.W., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Adjei, I.A., Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Apea Bah, F.B., Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Kwabenya, Accra, Ghana; Kwetey, P.N., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Ankar-Brewoo, G.M., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Oduro, I., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Ellis, W.O., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Quantitative descriptive sensory analysis was used to evaluate the performance of pregelatinised protein-starch admixture as fat mimetics in bread. In this work, two regimes of total fat replacements consisting of 50% protein: 50% starch admixture on one hand and 70% protein: 30% starch admixture on the other were compared to another two regimes of partial fat replacements consisting of 50% fat in composite with the above admixtures with 100% full fat bread as control to give a total of five treatments. Sensory quality was assessed by 24 trained assessors made up of 12 men and 12 females using attributes such as bread taste, crumb moistness, crust softness, cell structure, crumb and crust colours and overall acceptability. Analysis of variance revealed all treatments to be significantly different (p<0.0001). Principal components and cluster analyses confirmed two groupings of treatments. It is concluded that treatments with 50% fat replacement were tastier and more acceptable and resulted in significant increase (p<0.05) in loaf volume. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2009.	Fat mimetic; Protein-starch admixture; Quantitative descriptive sensory	fat; protein; starch; article; bread; cluster analysis; color; controlled study; female; food analysis; food composition; human; human experiment; male; moisture; normal human; principal component analysis; quantitative analysis; sensory analysis; taste acuity; Triticum aestivum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955781918	Evaluation of transaminase activity of ethanolic extract of fresh Ocimum basilicum in rats	Aja P.M., Onu P.N.	2011	Indian Journal of Animal Research	45	1	None	Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Ebonyi State University, P M. B. 05 Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	Aja, P.M., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Ebonyi State University, P M. B. 05 Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Onu, P.N., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Ebonyi State University, P M. B. 05 Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ethanolic extracts of fresh leaves of Ocimum basilicum on transaminase activities in albino rats. Thirty two male albino rats were randomly assigned to three experimental groups of 12 marked as groups A, B, and C respectively. Groups A and B were treated with oral administration of organic extract of Ocimum basilicum at 400mg and 200mg /kg body weight daily respectively. Group C received no treatment. The body weight of rats of group A and B were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced up to 31.85% and 23.46% respectively compared to the control. The activities of AST were significantly elevated in groups A and B rats (400mg and 200mg/kg body weight) to the extent of 68.22% and 63.54% respectively compared to the control. Results also exhibited that the specific activities of transamminase (AST/ALT) in the serum was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the treated rats than the control. The result of the this study suggests that ingestion of ethanolic extract of Ocimum basilicum could upset the body metabolic system and may also elicit a toxic effect especially when taken at high concentration.	Albino rats; Ethanolic extracts; Ocimum basilicum; Transaminase activity	Ocimum; Ocimum basilicum; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859450319	Impact of land use on the distribution and diversity of entomopathogenic nematodes in Embu and Taita Districts, Kenya	Kawaka J.F., Kimenju J.W., Ayodo G., Mwaniki S.W., Muoma J.O., Okoth S.A., Orinda G.O.	2011	Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems	13	1	None	Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; National Agricultural Research Laboratories, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 14733-00800, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Plant Science and Crop Protection, University Of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Kawaka, J.F., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Kimenju, J.W., Department of Plant Science and Crop Protection, University Of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Ayodo, G., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Mwaniki, S.W., National Agricultural Research Laboratories, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 14733-00800, Nairobi, Kenya; Muoma, J.O., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Okoth, S.A., Department of Plant Science and Crop Protection, University Of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Orinda, G.O., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Natural entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are considered as potential biological control agents against soil-borne insect pests. This study was conducted to determine the impact of land use on the distribution, occurrence and diversity of entomopathogenic nematode community. Isolation of EPNs was done using the baiting technique and application of morphological identification methods revealed presence of the genus Steinernema. Land use intensification negatively affected the occurrence and recovery frequency in soils of Embu and Taita districts. The occurrence of EPNs was high in soils from coffee than maize and beans which had more nematodes than planted forest and napier grass followed by natural forest and tea respectively. PCR-RFLP of the internal transcribed spacer region on the ribosomal(r) DNA of the EPN isolates and digestion of the products by Alu I enzyme showed molecular variations among the isolates. The study has demonstrated that the frequency of occurrence and species variation of EPNs is different in various land uses.	Diversity; Entomopathogenic nematodes; Land use intensification; Occurrence; PCR RFLP technique	Hexapoda; Nematoda; Pennisetum purpureum; Steinernema; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350168615	Evaluation of locally produced Saccharomyces cerevisiae pectinase enzyme for industrial extraction of starch from cassava in Ghana	Dzogbefia V.P., Ofosu G.A., Oldham J.H.	2008	Scientific Research and Essays	3	8	None	Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Dzogbefia, V.P., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Ofosu, G.A., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Oldham, J.H., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Enzymes are widely used in industries to improve upon process parameters such as product yield and rate of product formation. Such biotechnological applications are not currently exploited by industries in Ghana. The objective of the study was to evaluate the suitability of a crude pectin enzyme for the industrial extraction of cassava starch. Pectin enzymes produced by culturing Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 52712 in an appropriate medium for 6 days was used as a crude enzyme extract and tested for its ability to enhance the extractability of cassava starch. An enzyme dosage of 0.02% with a reaction time of 30 min gave the optimum increase in rate of starch extraction (60%) and increase in yield of starch extracted (53%). When these optimum conditions were applied on a scale-up extraction process with a traditional starch processor, the corresponding values were 50 and 45.6%, respectively. These results indicate the possible use of enzyme technology to improve starch processing by starch producers in Ghana if the enzymes are made available © 2008 Academic Journals.	Enzyme dosage; Extraction rate; Pectin enzymes; Reaction time; Traditional extraction; Yield	Manihot esculenta; Saccharomyces cerevisiae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952889631	Broiler performance on finisher diets containing different levels of either Pleurotus ostreatus-fermented dried cocoa pod husk or dried cocoa pod husk supplemented with enzymes	Alemawor F., Oddoye E.O.K., Dzogbefia V.P., Oldham J.H., Donkoh A.	2010	Tropical Animal Health and Production	42	5	10.1007/s11250-009-9510-9	Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. Box 8, New Tafo-Akim, Ghana; Department of Animal Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Alemawor, F., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Oddoye, E.O.K., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. Box 8, New Tafo-Akim, Ghana; Dzogbefia, V.P., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Oldham, J.H., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Donkoh, A., Department of Animal Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	The purpose was to investigate the feeding value of fibrous cocoa pod husk (CPH) either fermented with Pleurotus ostreatus or supplemented with fibre-degrading multi-enzymes (Viscozyme®L + Pectinex®5XL) before inclusion in diets for 3-week-old finishing broilers. Growth performance and carcass yield of broilers fed diets containing 100, 200 or 300 g kg-1 of the P. ostreatus-fermented CPH or 100, 200 or 300 g kg-1 of the enzyme-supplemented CPH as well as a normal broiler finisher diet (control), were investigated in a 35-day feeding trial setup as a completely randomised design, with the seven treatments replicated three times. There were significant differences (P &gt; 0. 05) among treatments for some of the parameters measured including growth-related indices, percent weights of abdominal fat, intestine, and gizzard. It was concluded that P. ostreatus-fermented dried CPH up to a level of 200 g kg-1 and enzyme-supplemented dried CPH up to a level of 100 g kg-1 could be included in broiler finisher diets without any deleterious effects. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Blood; Broilers; Carcass; Cocoa pod husk; Feeding trial; Multi-enzymes; Pleurotus ostreatus	enzyme; animal; animal disease; animal food; article; cacao; chicken; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; diet; female; fermentation; growth, development and aging; male; physiology; Pleurotus; randomized controlled trial; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Cacao; Chickens; Diet; Enzymes; Female; Fermentation; Male; Pleurotus; Aves; Pleurotus ostreatus; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873339305	Evaluation of hepatoprotective effect of aqueous extract of Annona muricata (Linn.) leaf against carbon tetrachloride and acetaminophen-induced liver damage	Arthur F.K.N., Woode E., Terlabi E.O., Larbie C.	2012	International Journal of Shoulder Surgery	6	2	10.4103/2229-5119.96957	Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Pharmacology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Arthur, F.K.N., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Woode, E., Department of Pharmacology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Terlabi, E.O., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Larbie, C., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Introduction: Liver diseases and jaundice have continued to be a major health problem in the world's population with most conventional drugs not being adequate for treatment. The study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity and antijaundice property of aqueous extract of Annona muricata (Linn.) against carbon tetrachloride- (CCl4) and acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rat model. Materials and Methods: Liver damage and hepatic jaundice were induced in experimental animals by administering CCl4 and acetaminophen after pretreatment with aqueous extract of A. muricata. The aqueous extract at 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg was administered for 7 days by oral route. Silymarin (100 mg/kg) was given as the standard hepatoprotective drug. Hepatoprotective effect was studied by assaying the activity of serum marker enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, and triglycerides while antijaundice effect was assayed by measuring serum total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin concentration. Results: The activity of all the marker enzymes registered significant increases in CCl4- and acetaminophen-treated rats, decreases in cholesterol and triglyceride concentration, and increases in total and indirect bilirubin, an indication of hepatic jaundice. A. muricata at all doses significantly restored liver function toward normal levels which compared well against silymarin control. Histopathological analysis of liver sections confirmed biochemical investigations. Conclusion: The results indicate that leaves of A. muricata possess hepatoprotective activity and can treat hepatic jaundice.	acetaminophen; Annona muricata; carbon tetrachloride; jaundice	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054718922	In-vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of extracts of bridelia micrantha on selected bacterial pathogens	Adefuye A.O., Samie A., Ndip R.N.	2011	Journal of Medicinal Plant Research	5	20	None	Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Department of Microbiology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Buea, Box 63, Buea, Cameroon	Adefuye, A.O., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Samie, A., Department of Microbiology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Ndip, R.N., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Buea, Box 63, Buea, Cameroon	Medicinal plants have been age long remedies for human diseases because they contain components of therapeutic value. In this study, six solvent extracts [dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, methanol (100%), and 40% methanol hydroxide] of the stem bark of Bridelia micrantha and ciprofloxacin were investigated for antimicrobial activity by the agar-well diffusion method against strains of Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 6571, Shigella sonnei ATCC 29930, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 13311, Helicobacter pylori ATCC 43526, and Helicobacter pylori 252c. The most active extracts were assayed for MIC 50 using the 96-well microdilution technique and one way ANOVA test was used to determine if there was any statistically significant difference in the MIC 50 of the most active extracts and the control antibiotic (ciprofloxacin). Results obtained indicated that methanol was quantitatively the best solvent for extraction, while ethyl acetate was the least. Zone diameters of inhibition ranged from 0 to 28 mm for the six extracts and 29 to 38 mm for ciprofloxacin. Ethyl acetate and acetone extracts were the most active of all the extracts exhibiting a broad spectrum activity. However, Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive compared to Gram-negative bacteria. The MIC 50 value ranged from 0.078 to 1.25 mg/ml and 0.078 to 0.625 mg/ml for the acetone and ethyl acetate extracts respectively, with no statistically significant difference in potency (p value = 0.187) when compared to ciprofloxacin. Our findings demonstrate the in-vitro antibacterial activity of the crude extracts of B. micrantha, and therefore provide preliminary scientific evidence to justify the use of the plant in traditional medicine. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Bacteria; Bridelia micrantha; Medicinal plant; MIC 50; Solvent extract	acetic acid ethyl ester; acetone; alcohol; antiinfective agent; Bridelia micrantha extract; ciprofloxacin; dichloromethane; methanol; plant extract; unclassified drug; agar diffusion; antibiotic resistance; antimicrobial activity; article; bacterial virulence; bark; bioassay; Bridelia micrantha; concentration response; controlled study; drug efficacy; drug potency; drug screening; Euphorbia; Helicobacter pylori; IC 50; in vitro study; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; plant stem; Salmonella typhimurium; Shigella sonnei; Staphylococcus aureus; strain difference; Bacteria (microorganisms); Bridelia micrantha; Helicobacter pylori; Negibacteria; Posibacteria; Salmonella typhimurium; Shigella sonnei; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883151389	Evaluation of the effect of different growth media and temperature on the suitability of biofilm formation by Enterobacter cloacae strains isolated from food samples in South Africa	Nyenje M.E., Green E., Ndip R.N.	2013	Molecules	18	8	10.3390/molecules18089582	Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, PMB X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Box 63, Buea, Cameroon	Nyenje, M.E., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, PMB X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Green, E., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, PMB X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Ndip, R.N., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, PMB X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Box 63, Buea, Cameroon	This study evaluated the effects of growth medium, temperature, and incubation time on biofilm formation by Enterobacter cloacae strains. The ability to adhere to a surface was demonstrated using a microtiter plate adherence assay whereas the role of cell surface properties in biofilm formation was assessed using the coaggregation and autoaggregation assays. The architecture of the biofilms was examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM). All the strains adhered to the well of the microtiter plate when incubated for 48 h, irrespective of the growth medium and incubation temperature. It was also noted that 90% and 73% of strains prepared from nutrient broth and cultured in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth and tryptic soy broth (TSB), respectively, were able to form biofilms, in contrast to 73% and 60% strains from nutrient agar and cultured in BHI and TSB respectively grown under similar conditions. However, no statistically significant difference was observed when the two methods were compared. The coaggregation index ranged from 12% to 74%, with the best coaggregate activity observed when partnered with Streptococcus pyogenes (54%-74%). The study indicates the suitability of BHI and TSB medium for the cultivation of E. cloacae biofilms, however, temperature and incubation time significantly affect biofilm formation by these bacteria. © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.	Autoaggregation; Biofilm; Coaggregation; Enterobacter cloacae; Growth medium; Temperature	article; biofilm; culture medium; drug effect; Enterobacter cloacae; food control; growth, development and aging; South Africa; temperature; biofilm; culture medium; drug effects; Enterobacter cloacae; growth, development and aging; pharmacology; Biofilms; Culture Media; Enterobacter cloacae; Food Microbiology; South Africa; Temperature; culture medium; Biofilms; Culture Media; Enterobacter cloacae; Food Microbiology; South Africa; Temperature	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862985323	Identification and antibacterial evaluation of bioactive compounds from Garcinia kola (Heckel) seeds	Seanego C.T., Ndip R.N.	2012	Molecules	17	6	10.3390/molecules17066585	Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X 1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon	Seanego, C.T., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X 1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Ndip, R.N., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X 1314, Alice 5700, South Africa, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon	We assessed the bioactivity of G. kola seeds on Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Plesiomonas shigelloides and Salmonella typhimurium. The crude ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, acetone and aqueous extracts were screened by the agar-well diffusion method and their activities were further determined by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) assays. The extracts were fractionated by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Bioautography was used to assess the activity of the possible classes of compounds present in the more active extracts. Column chromatography was used to purify the active compounds from the mixture, while GC-MS was used to identify the phytocomponents of the fractions. The inhibition zone diameters of the extracts ranged from 0-24 ± 1.1 mm, while MIC and MBC values ranged between 0.04-1.25 mg/mL and 0.081-2.5 mg/mL, respectively. The chloroform/ethyl acetate/formic acid (CEF) solvent system separated more active compounds. The MIC of the fractions ranged between 0.0006-2.5 mg/mL. CEF 3(F3), CEF 11 (F11) and CEF 12 (F12) revealed the presence of high levels of linoleic acid, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid and 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl ester, respectively. The results obtained from this study justify the use of this plant in traditional medicine and provide leads which could be further exploited for the development of new and potent antimicrobials. © 2012 by the authors.	Antimicrobial activity; Garcinia kola; GC-MS; Medicinal plants; Minimum Bactericidal Concentration; Minimum Inhibitory Concentration	antiinfective agent; plant extract; article; bacterium; chemistry; drug effect; Garcinia kola; microbiological examination; plant seed; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Garcinia kola; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plant Extracts; Seeds	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876529124	Evaluation of the antibacterial and antifungal potential of Peltophorum africanum: Toxicological effect on human Chang liver cell line	Okeleye B.I., Mkwetshana N.T., Ndip R.N.	2013	The Scientific World Journal	2013	None	10.1155/2013/878735	Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 570, South Africa; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon	Okeleye, B.I., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 570, South Africa; Mkwetshana, N.T., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 570, South Africa; Ndip, R.N., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 570, South Africa, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon	We assessed the in vitro antimicrobial activity of Peltophorum africanum by means of the agar well and macrodilution methods. The toxicity on a normal human liver cell (Chang liver cell) was determined using the CellTiter-Blue cell viability assay, and the compounds contained in the fractions were identified using GC-MS. Zone diameter of inhibition of the extract ranged from 12.5 ± 0.7 to 32 ± 2.8 mm for bacteria and from 7.5 ± 0.7 to 26.4 ± 3.4 mm for yeast. Marked activity of the extract was observed against Plesiomonas shigelloides ATCC 51903, with MIC and MLC values of 0.15625 and 0.3125 mg/mL, respectively. The extract was both bactericidal (MIC index ≤ 2) and bacteriostatic/fungistatic (MIC index &gt; 2) in activity. Lethal dose at 50 (LD50) showed 82.64 ± 1.40 degree of toxicity at 24 hrs, and 95 percentile of cell death dose activity ranged from log 3.12 ± 0.01 to 4.59 ± 0.03. The activity of the eight fractions tested ranged from 1.0 ± 0.5 to 3.7 ± 1.6 mg/mL (IC50) and from 2.1 ± 0.8 to 6.25 ± 0 mg/mL (IC90). The extract was toxic to human Chang liver cell lines. © 2013 Benjamin I. Okeleye et al.	None	Peltophorum africanum extract; plant extract; unclassified drug; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; plant extract; agar dilution; antibacterial activity; antifungal activity; article; bactericidal activity; cell death; controlled study; drug cytotoxicity; human; human cell; LD 50; liver cell culture; mass fragmentography; medicinal plant; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; Peltophorum africanum; Plesiomonas shigelloides; bacterial phenomena and functions; Caesalpinia; cell survival; chemistry; drug effect; fungus; liver tumor; pathology; physiology; treatment outcome; tumor cell line; Peltophorum africanum; Plesiomonas shigelloides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; Caesalpinia; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Fungi; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Plant Extracts; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67650697081	Evaluation of the effects of aqueous extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces on cadmium-induced oxidative damage in rats	Omonkhua A.A., Adesunloro C.A., Osaloni O.O., Olubodun S.O.	2009	Journal of Biological Sciences	9	1	10.3923/jbs.2009.68.72	Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, P.M.B. 001, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria; Department of Food Science and Technology, Edo State Institute of Technology and Management, Usen, Edo State, Nigeria	Omonkhua, A.A., Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, P.M.B. 001, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria; Adesunloro, C.A., Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, P.M.B. 001, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria; Osaloni, O.O., Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, P.M.B. 001, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria; Olubodun, S.O., Department of Food Science and Technology, Edo State Institute of Technology and Management, Usen, Edo State, Nigeria	The effects of aqueous extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyces in cadmium-induced oxidative damage in serum and tissues of rats were evaluated in this study. Twenty eight male Wister rats (170-200 g) in four groups, {control (I), Hibiscus sabdariffa (II), Cadmium (III) and H. sabdariffa+Cd (IV)}, were used. Groups II and IV were given a daily dose of 0.2 g kg-1 body weight of H. sabdariffa extracts for four weeks, while groups III and IV (the Cd groups) were injected sub-cutaneously with 0.002 g Cd (as CdSO4 8H2O) kg-1 body weight once a week for four weeks. Liver protein levels significantly (p&lt;0.05) decreased for all test groups relative to control, while the kidney and testis protein levels significantly (p&lt;0.05) increased. There was a general increase in serum and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of tests groups relative to control while a general decrease was observed in serum and tissue catalase activities. Serum SOD of tests groups significantly (p&lt;0.05) decreased while tissue SOD significantly (p&lt;0.05) increased compared to control. The results showed, for some parameters evaluated, that H. sabdariffa appeared to play a protective role against Cd-induced oxidative damage. Paradoxically, however, H. sabdariffa alone also appeared to exert some measure of oxidative damage. © 2009 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Cadmium; Catalase; Hibiscus sabdariffa L; Malondialdehyde; Oxidative damage; Superoxide dismutase	cadmium; catalase; Hibiscus sabdariffa extract; malonaldehyde; superoxide dismutase; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antioxidant activity; article; cadmium poisoning; controlled study; enzyme activity; enzyme blood level; kidney; lipid peroxidation; liver; male; nonhuman; oxidative stress; protection; rat; testis; Hibiscus sabdariffa; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862338892	Evaluation of the acetone and aqueous extracts of mature stem bark of Sclerocarya birrea for antioxidant and antimicrobial properties	Tanih N.F., Ndip R.N.	2012	Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine	2012	None	10.1155/2012/834156	Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon	Tanih, N.F., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Ndip, R.N., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon	We assayed the antimicrobial activity of acetone and aqueous extracts of the stem bark of Sclerocarya birrea on some selected bacteria and fungi species including; Streptococcus pyogenes, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Aeromonas hydrophila, Salmonella typhimurium, Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida glabrata, Trichosporon mucoides, and Candida krusei using both agar well diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. Based on the levels of activity, the acetone extract was examined for total polyphenolic content, radical scavenging and antioxidant activities. Total phenols of the extract were determined spectrophotometrically. The antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH, ABTS and reducing power. All the bacteria and fungi species were susceptible to the plant extracts. The acetone extract was the most active for the bacterial species with MIC (0.1560.625mg/mL) while the aqueous extract was the most active for the fungi species with MIC (0.31251.25mg/mL). The polyphenolic compounds were found as 27.2mg/g tannic acid equivalent, 25.2mg/g quercetin equivalent, 9.1mg/g quercetin equivalent for phenols, flavonoid and flavonols respectively. The acetone extract exhibited a remarkable ability to scavenge radicals, strong reducing ability and a potential source of natural antioxidants. Both the acetone and aqueous extracts of S. birrea may provide a target for drug discovery. Copyright © 2012 Nicoline F. Tanih and Roland N. Ndip.	None	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; 2,2' azinobis(3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulfonic acid); acetone; amphotericin B; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; ciprofloxacin; flavonoid; flavonol; plant extract; quercetin; scavenger; sclerocarya birrea extract; tannin; unclassified drug; Aeromonas hydrophila; agar diffusion; Anacardiaceae; antimicrobial activity; antioxidant activity; article; bark; Candida glabrata; Candida krusei; controlled study; Cryptococcus neoformans; drug activity; drug screening; drug sensitivity; medicinal plant; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; plant stem; Plesiomonas shigelloides; priority journal; Salmonella typhimurium; Sclerocarya birrea; spectrophotometry; Streptococcus pyogenes; Trichosporon	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865264327	Evaluation of the chemical, nutritional, antimicrobial and antioxidant-vitamin profiles of Piliostigma thonningii leaves (Nigerian species)	Ighodaro O.M., Agunbiade S.O., Omole J.O., Kuti O.A.	2012	Research Journal of Medicinal Plant	6	7	10.3923/rjmp.2012.537.543	Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria	Ighodaro, O.M., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria; Agunbiade, S.O., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria; Omole, J.O., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria; Kuti, O.A., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria	In this study, the antioxidant-vitamin, phytochemical, mineral and proximate compositions as well as the antimicrobial sensitivity of Piliostigma thonningii leaves were evaluated. The dry leaf powder was found to contain alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids and tannins as phytochenicals in amounts between 0.2 to 2.1 g/100 g. The proximate analysis showed that they are rich in carbohydrate (72.17%). Other food nutrients include crude protein (10.09%), dietary fibre (23.05%), ash (9.13%), moisture (5.57%) and low amount of crude fat (2.81%). Ca, Mg, K, Na, Fe, Zn, Pb, Mn and Cu were the detectable mineral elements in the P. thoningii leaves. Ca and Pb had the highest (1740 mg/100 g) and lowest (0.4 mg/100 g) values, respectively. The plant leaves were also found to contain vitamin C (17.80 mg/100 g), vitamin E (3.29 mg/100 g) and beta carotene (12.5 mg/100 g). The results of the antimicrobial screening of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leaves against eight human pathogenic microbes, five bacteria and three fungi showed that at 25 mg mL -1 concentration, both extracts exhibited potency range of 30.43 to 45.28% relative to a reference antibiotic (tetracycline). The ethanolic extract showed higher antimicrobial activities at all concentrations as compared to the aqueous extract. Results from the study have shown that Piliostigma thonningii leaves are a good source of some minerals, antioxidant-vitamins and efficient source of energy (energy value = 404.05 kcal/100 g). © 2012 Academic Journals Inc.	Analysis antimicrobial-sensitivity; Antioxidant-vitamin; Minerals; Phytochemical; Piliostigma thonningii; Proximate	alcohol; alkaloid derivative; alpha tocopherol; antiinfective agent; ascorbic acid; beta carotene; calcium; flavonoid; lead; piliostigma thonningii extract; plant extract; saponin; tannin derivative; tetracycline; unclassified drug; water; antifungal activity; antimicrobial activity; article; ash; biochemical composition; concentration response; controlled study; dietary fiber; drug determination; medicinal plant; moisture; nonhuman; nutrient concentration; nutrient content; Piliostigma thonningii; plant leaf; solvent effect	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84950135794	Evaluation of antidiabetic effect of four Egyptian plants and their phytoconstituents	Koekemoer T.C., Rashed K., Mtshizana O., van de Venter M.	2015	Pharma Research	12	2	None	Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt	Koekemoer, T.C., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Rashed, K., Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt; Mtshizana, O., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; van de Venter, M., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa	Postprandial hyperglycaemia is a major contributory factor in the development of diabetes which can be clinically targeted via a number of independent mechanisms such as the inhibition of postprandial glucose absorption and through potentiating glucose dependent insulin release. This study was carried out to evaluate antidiabetic effect of four Egyptian medicinal plants, Sonchus oleraceus, Lagerstroemia tomentosa, Diospyros virginiana, and Toona ciliate, and to investigate the phytoconstituents from the bioactive plant extracts. The results revealed that L. tomentosa leaves methanol 80% extract was the most effective inhibitor of carbohydrate digestion which showed strong inhibition against both alpha-amylase and alphaglucosidase. The relevance to mammalian alpha-glucosidase was confirmed using a rat intestinal maltase assay however the inhibitory activity was considerably weaker relative to the yeast enzyme. None of the extracts displayed any significant inhibition against DPP-iv, an additional target to regulate postprandial hyperglycaemia. Cytotoxicity screening against Chang liver cells did not reveal any significant toxicity suggesting a favourable safety profile. Phytochemical studies of methanol 80% extract of L. tomentosa leaves produced lupeol (1), corosolic acid (2), gallic acid (3), ellagic acid (4), apigenin (5), vitexin (6), apigenin 7-O-β-glucoside (7), and kaempferol 3-O-β- galactoside (8). These results gave scientific evidence that L. tomentosa leaves may provide anti-diabetic effect through the inhibition of postprandial glucose absorption.	Antidiabetic; Lagerstroemia tomentosa; Leaves; Medicinal plants; Phenolics; Triterpenes	alkaloid; alpha glucosidase; amylase; antidiabetic agent; apigenin; apigetrin; carbohydrate; corosolic acid; coumarin derivative; Diospyros virginiana extract; ellagic acid; flavonoid; gallic acid; kaempferol 3 galactoside; Lagerstroemia tomentosa extract; lupeol; methanol; plant extract; plant medicinal product; saponin; Sonchus oleraceus extract; tannin derivative; Toona ciliate extract; triterpene; unclassified drug; vitexin; antidiabetic activity; Article; controlled study; cytotoxicity test; Diospyros virginiana; drug identification; drug mechanism; drug screening; drug structure; Egypt; enzyme inhibition; glucose absorption; IC50; Lagerstroemia tomentosa; liver cell; medicinal plant; phytochemistry; plant leaf; Sonchus oleraceus; Toona ciliate	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955036016	Evaluation of the performance of bacillus cereus for assay of tetracyclines in chicken meat	Mwangi W.W., Shitandi A., Ngure R.	2011	Journal of Food Safety	31	2	10.1111/j.1745-4565.2010.00284.x	Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kenya; Department of Dairy and Food Science and Technology, Egerton University, PO Box 536, Egerton, Kenya	Mwangi, W.W., Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kenya; Shitandi, A., Department of Dairy and Food Science and Technology, Egerton University, PO Box 536, Egerton, Kenya; Ngure, R., Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kenya	In the Kenyan poultry industry, there is lack of affordable and easy-to-perform antibiotic residue screening methods. The aim of this study was to determine the limits of detection (LODs) of oxytetracycline (OTC) and evaluate whether it is reliably detectable at maximum residue limits (MRLs) in poultry tissues. Microbiological detection was achieved by agar well diffusion using Bacillus cereus, three medium pH and two poultry organs. Inhibition zones increased significantly (P<0.001) when OTC was detected at a decreasing pH in both the liver and the kidney. OTC was detected below the MRLs of 600ng/g in the liver and 1,200ng/g in the kidney. However, growth media pH and antibiotic concentration affected the LODs. B. cereus plate at pH 7 can be used effectively for routine screening for OTC residues. The LODs were 131.3ng/mL and 33.4ng/mL, in the liver and the kidney, respectively. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	None	Bacillus cereus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943621072	Impact of fiscal policy variables on economic growth in Nigeria (1970-2012): A managerial economics persperctive	Igwe A., Emmanuel E.C., Ukpere W.I.	2015	Investment Management and Financial Innovations	12	2	None	Department of Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Economics, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria; Department of Industrial Psychology and People Management, Faculty of Management, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Igwe, A., Department of Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Emmanuel, E.C., Department of Economics, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria; Ukpere, W.I., Department of Industrial Psychology and People Management, Faculty of Management, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	This study is set out to investigate the impact of fiscal policy variables (capital expenditure, recurrent expenditure and direct income tax) on economic growth in Nigeria. The study adopts a growth accounting framework that specifies economic growth as a function of the fiscal policy variables. Using a time series data for the period 1970-2012, the study tests for the presence of unit root test, using the augmented Dickey-Fuller test for stationarity. It is discovered that all the variables are integrated at I(1). The Johansen cointegration reveals the presence of a long run relationship between economic growth and all the dependent variables (CX, RX and TX). The VECM analysis indicates that capital expenditure and recurrent expenditure are positively related and statistically significant in determining economic growth in the long run. As expected, direct income tax is inversely related and statistically significant in determining economic growth in the long run. A 1% increase in capital expenditure leads to an increase of 3.94% in income. A 1% increase in recurrent expenditure leads to an increase of 3.22% in income. On the other hand, a 1% increase in direct income tax leads to a fall of 6.83% in national output. Moreover, only tax determines economic growth in the short run, as a 1% in direct income tax causes national output to fall by 0.39%. These results meet apriori expectations with respect to their signs. GDP adjusts to its long run equilibrium when there is a shock at a slow speed of 3.07%. The pairwise granger causality indicates that causality relationship does not exist between any of the fiscal policy variables and economic growth. Based on these results, the study recommends the adoption of tax policies that would spur growth instead of retarding growth with a wide margin, as has been observed from the study. Efforts should be made to skew the pattern of public spending towards capital expenditure as it leads to higher growth than recurrent expenditure. © Anthony Igwe, Edeh Chukwudi Emmanuel, Wilfred I. Ukpere, 2015.	Capital; Economic growth; Fiscal policy; Government; Taxation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84945933906	Hematological and lipid profile evaluation of a hexane fraction of Costus afer leaves in arthritic rats	Anyasor G.N., Onajobi F.D., Osilesi O., Adebawo O.	2015	Pharmaceutical Biology	53	11	10.3109/13880209.2014.1001404	Department of Biochemistry, Benjamin S. Carson School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Ogun State, P.M.B. Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, O.A.C.H.S.	Anyasor, G.N., Department of Biochemistry, Benjamin S. Carson School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Ogun State, P.M.B. Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Onajobi, F.D., Department of Biochemistry, Benjamin S. Carson School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Ogun State, P.M.B. Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Osilesi, O., Department of Biochemistry, Benjamin S. Carson School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Ogun State, P.M.B. Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Adebawo, O., Department of Biochemistry, Benjamin S. Carson School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Ogun State, P.M.B. Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, O.A.C.H.S., Olabisi Onabanjo University, Remo Campus, Ikenne, Nigeria	Context: Costus afer Ker Gawl. (Costaceae) is an ethnomedical plant used as therapy against inflammatory disorders. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the hematological and lipid profile analysis of hexane fraction of C. afer leaves (CAHLF) in arthritic rats. Materials and methods: Male albino rats were randomly distributed into seven groups of six rats each. Rats were induced with arthritis using formaldehyde and Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) for 7 and 21 d, respectively. The animals were administered orally with 50, 100, and 250 mg/kg CAHLF, 10 mg/kg diclofenac and prednisolone, 0.9% NaCl (control), and 0.9% NaCl (normal). At the end of treatment periods, blood samples were withdrawn and subjected to hematological and biochemical analysis using auto-analyzer and spectrophotometric methods. Results: Hematological analysis revealed that in formaldehyde- and CFA-induced arthritic rat models, 250 mg/kg CAHLF-treated groups had significantly reduced (p&lt;0.05) hematocrit counts (HC) (30.98 ± 1.59% and 33.55 ± 1.10%), white blood cell counts (WBC) (5.50 ± 0.35 and 4.15 ± 0.82×109/L), and platelet counts (PC) (401.50 ± 48.94 and 246.33 ± 5.54×109/L) compared with control HC (46.90 ± 1.92 and 41.88 ± 2.19%), WBC (11.09 ± 0.26 and 7.37 ± 0.34×109/L), and PC (783.67 ± 59.51 and 593.83 ± 36.3×109/L). Furthermore, blood analysis showed that CAHLF-treated groups had reduced total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides while they had an elevated high-density lipoprotein compared with the control group. Discussion and conclusion: Findings from this study indicated that CAHLF could possess immunomodulatory and hypolipidemic properties in arthritic rats. CAHLF could be considered as a source of biopharmaceutical agents in anti-arthritis drug discovery process. © 2015 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.	Bioactive compounds; Ethno-medicine; Immunomodulation	cholesterol; Costus afer extract; diclofenac; formaldehyde; Freund adjuvant; hexane; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; lipid; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; plant extract; prednisolone; sodium chloride; triacylglycerol; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; arthritis; Article; blood analysis; blood sampling; cholesterol blood level; controlled study; Costaceae; Costus afer; drug dose comparison; hematocrit; hematological parameters; hypolipemia; immunomodulation; leukocyte count; lipid blood level; male; nonhuman; plant leaf; rat; thrombocyte count; treatment outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863193070	Biochemical and histological impact of Vernonia amygdalina supplemented diet in obese rats	Atangwho I.J., Edet E.E., Uti D.E., Obi A.U., Asmawi M.Z., Ahmad M.	2012	Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences	19	3	10.1016/j.sjbs.2012.05.003	Department of Biochemistry, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Nigeria; Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Imo State University, P.M.B. 2000, Owerri, Nigeria; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univers	Atangwho, I.J., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Nigeria, Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Imo State University, P.M.B. 2000, Owerri, Nigeria; Edet, E.E., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Nigeria; Uti, D.E., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Nigeria; Obi, A.U., Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Imo State University, P.M.B. 2000, Owerri, Nigeria; Asmawi, M.Z., School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia; Ahmad, M., School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia	This study was carried out to evaluate the anti-obesity effect of Vernonia amygdalina Del. (VA) supplemented diet. VA leaf powder was fed at 5% and 15% to diet-induced obese rats for 4. weeks and its effect compared with orlistat (5.14. mg/kg p.o.), an anti-obesity drug. Food intake, body and organ weights, total body fat, some lipid components and amino transaminase activities in serum, hepatocytes and brain; as well as serum glucose, were measured during or at end of the study. Result showed respective decrease of 12.78% and 38.51% in body weight gain, of VA fed rats against 17.45% of orlistat at end of study (P< 0.05); but with no effect on food intake. Total body fat was lowered by 28.04% and 30.02% vs. obese control rats (CDC) (P< 0.05). Furthermore, serum triacylglycerol (TG), serum and brain total cholesterol (TCHOL), were down regulated at 15% VA supplementation (P< 0.05). Serum glucose which increased in obese rats by 46.26% (P< 0.05) vs. NC, indicating intolerance, was restored by VA (38.75% and 34.65%) and orlistat (31.80%) vs. CDC (P< 0.05). VA diet also exerted hepato-protection, via lowering serum alanine amino transaminase (ALT) (41.35% and 27.13%) and aspartate amino transaminase (AST) (17.09% and 43.21%) activities (P< 0.05). Orlistat had no effect on these enzymes. Histology of adipose tissue corroborated the changes on total body fat. We concluded that, diet supplemented with VA can attenuate dietary obesity as well as ameliorates the potential risks of hepato-toxicity and glucose intolerance associated with obesity. © 2012 King Saud University.	Adipose tissue; Diet-induced obesity; Glucose intolerance; Histology; Lipid profile; Total body fat; Vernonia amygdalina Del.	Gymnanthemum amygdalinum; Rattus; Vernonia amygdalina	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650533232	Nutritional and chemical evaluation of Momordica charantia	Bakare R.I., Magbagbeola O.A., Akinwande A.I., Okunowo O.W.	2010	Journal of Medicinal Plants Research	4	21	None	Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria	Bakare, R.I., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria; Magbagbeola, O.A., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria; Akinwande, A.I., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria; Okunowo, O.W., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria	Momordica charantia is used for some medicinal purposes in traditional medicine. The nutritional and chemical compositions of M. charantia were investigated using standard analytical methods. The proximate composition showed the percentage moisture, ash, crude lipid, crude fibre, crude protein and carbohydrate content of the plant materials. The calorific values for leaf, fruit and seed were 213.26, 241.66 and 176.61 Kcal/100 g respectively. The elemental analysis of M. charantia leaf revealed the presence of potassium (413 ppm), sodium (2200 ppm), calcium (20510 ppm) as well as zinc (120 ppm). Other elements found present in the leaf include magnesium, iron, manganese and copper. Vitamin A (β-carotene) (0.03 ppm), vitamin E (α-tocopherol) (800 ppm), folic acid (20600 ppm), cyanocobalamin (5355 ppm) and ascorbic acid (66000 ppm) were present. Trace amount of some other vitamins such as niacin (B 3), pyridoxine (B 6) cholecalciferol (Vitamin D) and phylloquinone (Vitamin K) were also found present in the methanolic and pet-ether leaf extract of M. charantia. Phytochemicals like alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and glycosides were also found present. The study indicates the presence of nutritional and chemical components that are beneficial in addition to the purported numerous medicinal values of the plant. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Atomic absorption spectrophotometry; Momordica charantia; Nutrition; Phytochemicals; Vitamins	alkaloid; alpha tocopherol; ascorbic acid; beta carotene; calcium; carbohydrate; colecalciferol; copper; cyanocobalamin; flavonoid; folic acid; iron; lipid; magnesium; manganese; methanol; nicotinic acid; petroleum ether; phytomenadione; plant glycoside; potassium; pyridoxine; saponin; sodium; tannin derivative; zinc; article; ash; chemical composition; dietary fiber; food analysis; fruit; moisture; Momordica charantia; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant leaf; plant seed; solvent extraction; Momordica charantia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-74749099619	Evaluation of Alcaligenes faecalis degradation of chrysene and diesel oil with concomitant production of biosurfactant	Igwo-Ezikpe M.N., Gbenle O.G., Ilori M.O., Okpuzor J., Osuntoki A.A.	2009	Research Journal of Environmental Toxicology	3	4	10.3923/rjet.2009.159.169	Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Nigeria; Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Cell Biology and Genetic, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Igwo-Ezikpe, M.N., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Nigeria; Gbenle, O.G., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Nigeria; Ilori, M.O., Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Okpuzor, J., Department of Cell Biology and Genetic, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Osuntoki, A.A., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Nigeria	Alcaligenes faecalis was evaluated for its potential to degrade varying concentrations of chrysene and diesel oil with concomitant biosurfactant production. Biodegradation was set up for 7 days utilizing the substrates as sole carbon and energy sources. Residual chrysene obtained after degradation of 30, 50 and 100 mg L-1, respectively was 17.4±1.5, 27.2±1.2 and 28.7±1.4 mg L-1 while total petroleum hydrocarbon remaining after degradation of 3, 5, 15 and 30% (v/v) diesel oil respectively was 2.58±0.5,3.09±1.2,21.65±5.4 and 63.92±8.1%. Microbial cells of A. faecalis and sterilized cell-free extract from diesel oil media showed emulsifying activities against kerosene, diesel oil, engine oil, hexadeeane, dodeeane, xylene and hexane whereas no emulsifying activity was observed of microbial cells and sterilized cell-free extract from chrysene media, Alcaligenes faecalis cells harvested from diesel oil media also showed haemolytic activity unlike the microbial cells from chrysene media. Growth of the isolate in chrysene and diesel oil media induced secretion of protein and carbohydrate into the media which were statistically significantly (p&lt;0.05) different compared to controls. This study portrays the potential of Alculigenes faecalis to degrade and grow on chrysene and diesel oil and induce extracellular protein and carbohydrate with concomitant production of biosurfactant for industrial purposes and in hydrocarbon bioremediation. © 2009 Academic Journals Inc.	Bacteria; Bioremediation; Petroleum products; Pollution; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon	biosurfactant; carbohydrate; chrysene; diesel fuel; dodecane; emulsifying agent; hexadecane; hexane; kerosene; petroleum derivative; protein; xylene; Alcaligenes faecalis; article; bacterial growth; bioremediation; carbon source; controlled study; exhaust gas; hemolysis; microbial degradation; nonhuman; protein secretion; Alcaligenes faecalis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879571154	Evaluation of retinoblastoma (Rb) and protein-53 (p53) gene expression levels in breast cancer cell lines (MCF- 7) induced with some selected cytotoxic plants	Aderonke S.T., Ayorinde Babatunde J., Temitope Adesola O., Uchennaya Okereke O., Innocent C., Oluwaseun Elisha M., Lanre Abolaji O., Olubunmi Abiola M.	2013	Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy	5	7	10.5897/JPP2013.0270	Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria	Aderonke, S.T., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Ayorinde Babatunde, J., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Temitope Adesola, O., Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Uchennaya Okereke, O., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Innocent, C., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Oluwaseun Elisha, M., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Lanre Abolaji, O., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Olubunmi Abiola, M., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria	Many Nigerian plants have been hypothesized to have anticancer potentials. However, not many of them have been subjected to acceptable scientific evaluation for their potential anticancer effects. In this study, six of such plants were selected to evaluate the effects of their crude, hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, detanninfied and tannin fractions for brine shrimp lethality assay and the most cytotoxic fractions of each plant were further tested on gene expressions of TP53 and retinoblastoma (Rb) genes in human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Gladiolus psittacinus (Gps), Icacina trichantha (Itr), Spilanthes filicaulis (Sfi), Curculigo pilosa (Cpi), Anthocleista djalonensis (Adj), and Tapinanthus bangwensis (Tba) medicinal plants were selected for this study. Crude extracts of 80% aqueous ethanol macerated plant materials were fractionated into hexane, chloroform and ethylacetate fractions. The resultant aqueous fractions were detanninfied to produce aqueous detanninfied fractions and tannin fractions. The 36 panel of plant fractions produced from all the plants were used for the study. From our findings, hexane fraction of S. filicaulis (Sfi-HF) showed the highest cytotoxic effect (LC50 21.30 μg/ml) on brine shrimps showing a low signal of p53 gene expression but a high intensity of Rb gene expression in MCF-7 cell lines. Moreso, crude extract of G. psittacinus (Gps-CE) showed a significant (P&lt;0.05) increase in TP53 gene expression in comparison with the control group and also a high intensity of Rb gene expression. Our results demonstrates the modulatory potentials of Sfi-HF and Gps-CE on TP53 and Rb gene expressions in MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines suggesting a possible mode of action of Sfi-HF and Gps- CE amongst a panel of 36 extract fractions. ©2013 Academic Journals.	Brine shrimps; Cytotoxicity; Gene expression; Medicinal plants; Retinoblastoma (Rb) gene; TP53 gene	acetic acid ethyl ester; alcohol; chloroform; hexane; plant extract; tannin; animal tissue; anthocleista djalonensis; antineoplastic activity; Artemia; article; breast cancer; brine shrimp lethality assay; controlled study; Curculigo pilosa; cytotoxicity; DNA synthesis; gene expression; gladiolus psittacinus; human; human cell; lcacina trichantha; lethality; medicinal plant; nonhuman; protein 53 gene; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; RNA extraction; spilanthes filicaulis; tapinanthus bangwensis; tumor suppressor gene	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960161803	The evaluation of the analgesic activity of the methanolic leaf extract of Jatropha curcas (Linn) in experimental animals	Yusuf O.S., Maxwell E.I.	2011	International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology	6	2	10.1504/IJBET.2011.041124	Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture, Umu	Yusuf, O.S., Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria; Maxwell, E.I., Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria	This study evaluated the analgesic activity of the methanolic leaf extract of Jatropha curcas (Linn) in-vivo using analgesic models viz. hot plate method in mice, tail flick or immersion method in rats and the acetic acid-induced writhing reflex model in mice. In all the models, Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA) was used as the reference drug. In the hot plate and tail flick models, the oral administration of J. curcas extract at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg and the reference drug ASA (400 mg/kg) showed potent analgesic effects by significantly (P < 0.001) increasing the Pain Reaction Time (PRT) dose dependently in mice and rats. Also the reference drug and the extract of J. curcas significantly (P < 0.0001) decreased the number of the abdominal Keywords: Jatropha curcas; hot plate; tail flick; writhing reflex; ASA; acetylsalicylic acid. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Yusuf, O.S. and Maxwell, E.I. (2011) 'The evaluation of the analgesic activity of the methanolic leaf extract of Jatropha curcas (Linn) in experimental animals', Int. J. Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp.200-207. Biographical notes: Omeh S. Yusuf is a Lecturer in Biochemistry and has BSc and MSc degrees, with specialisation in Medical/Plant Biochemistry. He is pursuing his PhD in Lipid Biochemistry, which is nearing completion. He is involved in research concerning medicinal plants. contortions in the acetic acid-induced writhing reflex in mice and increased the percentage protection in a dose dependent manner. In conclusion, this study indicates that the methanolic leaf extract of Jatropha curcas has significant analgesic properties and may be acting through both peripheral and central pain mechanisms. © 2011 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	Acetylsalicylic acid; ASA; Hot plate; Jatropha curcas; Tail flick; Writhing reflex	Acetyl salicylic acid; ASA; Hot plates; Jatropha curcas; Tail flick; Writhing reflex; Acetic acid; Biochemistry; Biomedical engineering; Drug dosage; pH; Rats; Animals	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863803528	Evaluation of polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity of Artemisia afra jacq. ex willd. aqueous extract	Sunmonu T.O., Afolayan A.J.	2012	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	11	7	None	Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Phytomedicine Research Center, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa	Sunmonu, T.O., Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Afolayan, A.J., Phytomedicine Research Center, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa	Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd. is widely used in South African traditional medicine for the treatment of many ailments and diseases. In this work, aqueous extract of the plant was screened for its phenolic profile and antioxidant activity. The results obtained revealed that the extract has considerable amount of polyphenolic compounds including phenol, flavonoid, flavonol and proanthocyanidin. The extract also exhibited significant inhibition of DPPH and ABTS radicals as well as ferric reductive ability in a concentrationdependent manner. These are indications of antioxidant activity of A. afra which could be attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds; and the data compared well with those of known standards like BHT, rutin and vitamin C. This study has, to some extent, justified the folkloric use of the herb in traditional medicinal practice of South Africa. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2012.	ABTS; Antioxidant; Artemisia afra; DPPH; Free radicals; Total phenolics	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; 2,2' azinobis(3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulfonic acid); antioxidant; Artemisia afra extract; ascorbic acid; butylcresol; flavonoid; flavonol; phenol; plant extract; polyphenol derivative; proanthocyanidin; rutoside; unclassified drug; antioxidant activity; Artemisia; Artemisia afra; article; concentration response; controlled study; drug isolation; drug screening; nonhuman; plant leaf; Artemisia afra	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960718676	Evaluation of hypolipidemic and potential antioxidant effects of Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (l) mill sp.) leaves in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats	Akinloye O.A., Solanke O.O.	2011	Journal of Medicinal Plants Research	5	12	None	Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun-State, Nigeria	Akinloye, O.A., Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun-State, Nigeria; Solanke, O.O., Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun-State, Nigeria	Antioxidant and hypolipidemic activity of the methanolic leaf extract from Cajanus cajan was carried out in alloxan induced hyperglycemic rats. A significant (p<0.05) reduction in the levels of blood glucose, serum triglyceride, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein cholesterol was observed in the hyperglycemic-extract treated rats. The administration of the extract (200 mg/kg) also caused a reduction in urea, creatinine and malondialdehyde levels in hyperglycemic rats. The extract was found to be able bring about 34.4 and 32.16% decrease in the activities of ALT and AST respectively in the hyperglycemic-treated rats compared to untreated group. Antioxidant activity of the extract was also confirmed through in vitro studies. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Antioxidant activity; Cajanus cajan; Hypolipidemic effect	alanine aminotransferase; alloxan; antioxidant; aspartate aminotransferase; Cajanus cajan extract; creatinine; glibenclamide; glucose; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; malonaldehyde; plant extract; triacylglycerol; unclassified drug; urea; animal experiment; animal model; antioxidant activity; article; cholesterol blood level; controlled study; creatinine blood level; drug efficacy; drug safety; enzyme activity; glucose blood level; hyperglycemia; hypolipemia; in vitro study; male; nonhuman; pigeonpea; plant leaf; protein blood level; rat; solvent extraction; treatment response; triacylglycerol blood level; urea blood level; Cajanus cajan; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84869747827	Nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity evaluation in wistar albino rats exposed to Nauclea latifolia leaf extracts	Akinloye O.A., Olaniyi M.O.	2012	Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science	35	3	None	Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun-State, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun-S	Akinloye, O.A., Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun-State, Nigeria; Olaniyi, M.O., Department of Veterinary of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun-State, Nigeria	Consumption of the aqueous leaf extract of Nauclea latifolia as anti-malaria concoction without any recourse or regard for its safety is a common practice in the Northern Nigeria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety efficacies of the ingestion of the methanolic leaf extract of this plant on the liver and kidney functions in wistar albino rats. Acute toxicity tests were carried out to determine LD50, while sub-chronic toxicity study was carried out by oral administration of graded doses (200, 400, 800, 1600 and 3200mg/Kg) of the extract to different groups of rats for 30 days. Both the liver and kidney functions assessed biochemically using standard methods revealed the LD50 of N. latifolia at 3200mg/Kg body weight as being non-lethal. Meanwhile, biochemical and histological results obtained for the liver and kidney function parameters indicated that ingestion of N. latifolia leaf extract has no observable toxic effects on these organs at the tested doses. It was therefore suggested that these results could form the basis for clinical trial in human. © Universiti Putra Malaysia Press.	Hepatotoxicity; Nauclea latifolia Nephrotoxicity; Wistar albino rats	Nauclea latifolia; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-60849086515	Chemical evaluation of Gnetum africana and Telferia occidentalis	Abara A.E., Obochi G.O., Malu S.P., Obi-Abang M.	2009	Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry	91	1	10.1080/02772240802015523	Department of Biochemistry, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria	Abara, A.E., Department of Biochemistry, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria; Obochi, G.O., Department of Biochemistry, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria; Malu, S.P., Department of Biochemistry, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria; Obi-Abang, M., Department of Biochemistry, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria	A chemical evaluation of Gnetum africana and Telferia occidentalis was carried out in five randomly selected restaurants in Calabar. The results showed that both Gnetum africana and Telferia occidentalis soups have high caloric values and contain adequate levels of essential minerals, vitamins, amino acids, proteins, and fat, which are needed for a variety of cellular functions in humans, and which would reduce the problem of protein energy malnutrition (PEM). © 2009 Taylor & Francis.	Caloric value; Gnetum africana; Minerals; Telferia occidentalis; Vitamins	Amines; Amino acids; Electric insulators; Minerals; Organic acids; Silica; Vitamins; Calabar; Caloric value; Cellular functions; Chemical evaluations; Gnetum africana; Telferia occidentalis; Nutrition; amino acid; gymnosperm; mineral; protein; vitamin; Gnetum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70449434887	Effects of ascorbate on monosodium glutamate-associated toxicities that may impact upon immunocompetence	Obochi G.O., Malu S.P., Abara A.E., Ekam V.S., Uboh F.U., Obi-Abang M.	2009	Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry	91	3	10.1080/02772240802233563	Department of Biochemistry, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria	Obochi, G.O., Department of Biochemistry, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria; Malu, S.P., Department of Biochemistry, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria; Abara, A.E., Department of Biochemistry, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria; Ekam, V.S., Department of Biochemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Uboh, F.U., Department of Biochemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Obi-Abang, M., Department of Biochemistry, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria	Excitotoxic food additives react with specialized receptors in the brain and other tissues. Unfortunately, in many instances, these reactions lead to free radical generation (resulting in oxidative stress/lipid peroxidation) and altered membrane fluidity. Ultimately, damage induced by these agents was shown to give rise to endocrine disorders and altered cell-mediated immune responses in general, and dysfunction of lymphocytes and macrophages in particular. The effects of ascorbate against some basic toxicities (that ultimately evolve into endocrine and immune system dysfunctions) induced by monosodium glutamate (MSG) was studied in rats. For 21 days, control rats received a daily placebo (4 mL distilled water) via gastric intubation; other rats were treated daily with 100 mg MSG kgl-1 body weight or 100 mg MSG + 100 mg ascorbate kgl-1 in 4 mL vehicle. A day after the final exposure, rats were euthanized. Serum was isolated to examine several lipid and electrolyte parameters, i.e. cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL LDL, HDL, Na+, K+, Cl-, and HCO3 -. Rat spleen and thymus were also harvested for analysis. Results showed that, compared to effects from MSG alone, co-ingestion of ascorbate led to reductions in serum cholesterol, LDL, Na+, and K+. Only with serum HDL, ascorbate leads to increases compared to MSG alone. The co-treatment was also seen to block/mitigate the near three-fold rise in thymic and splenic absolute weights (and respective organ indices) produced by exposure to MSG alone. Similarly, MSG treatment also induced significant increases in blood levels of both monocytes/macrophages and eosinophils; these outcomes were again reversed by co-treatment. Data suggest that co-ingestion of ascorbate may help reduce the risk from some toxicities attributable to selective dietary constituents/additives. © 2009 Taylor &amp; Francis.	Ascorbate; Excitotoxicity; Lipid peroxidation; Monosodium glutamate (MSG); Oxidative stress	Ascorbate; Blood levels; Body weight; Cell-mediated immune; Distilled water; Electrolyte parameters; Endocrine disorders; Excitotoxicity; Free radical generation; Immune systems; Immunocompetence; Lipid peroxidation; Membrane fluidity; Monocytes/macrophages; Monosodium glutamate; Monosodium glutamate (MSG); Peroxidation; Serum cholesterol; TO effect; Body fluids; Cholesterol; Food additives; Free radicals; Immunology; Oxidation; Oxidative stress; Rats; Sodium; Toxicity; biological uptake; blood; brain; immune response; immunocompetence; lipid; rodent; serum; sodium; toxic material; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33744937350	Dietary and haematological evaluation of adolescent females in Nigeria	Ekpo A.J., Jimmy E.O.	2006	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	5	3	10.3923/pjn.2006.278.281	Department of Biochemistry, Faculty Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria	Ekpo, A.J., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Jimmy, E.O., Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria	Four hundred and eighteen adolescent females aged 12-18 years from Akwa Ibom State were studied for the effect of dietary intake and haematological values on the nutrition of adolescents. The mean intake of energy and nutrients calculated were below FAO Standard with an exception of Vitamin C. Iron, folacin and calcium were most deficient in the diets of the adolescents. More than 50% of the adolescent females had acceptable values of plasma protein, albumin and globulin. The haematological and biochemical study revealed low level of anaemia of about 4% among the subjects investigated. The result of the analysis showed positive correlation between protein, vitamin C riboflavin, and albumin (r = 0.95, p<0.01 and r = 0.27; p<0.05). However, calcium intake correlated negatively with haemoglobin level (r=0.27; p<0.05). The findings of the study offer an insight into the nutritional status of the adolescent females in Akwa Ibom State as applied to Nigeria. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.	Adolescent; Anaemia; Calcium intake; Malnutrition	albumin; ascorbic acid; calcium; folic acid; globulin; hemoglobin; iron; protein; riboflavin; adolescent; adult; albumin blood level; anemia; article; ascorbic acid deficiency; blood analysis; calcium deficiency; calcium intake; calculation; caloric intake; child nutrition; controlled study; correlation analysis; dietary intake; female; folic acid deficiency; hemoglobin determination; human; iron deficiency; major clinical study; Nigeria; nutrient; nutritional assessment; nutritional health; nutritional status; protein blood level; school child	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051598409	Evaluation of chelating ability of aqueous extract of Tetracarpidium conophorum (African walnut) in vitro	Olabinri B.M., Eniyansoro O.O., Okoronkwo C.O., Olabinri P.F., Olaleye M.T.	2010	International Journal of Applied Research in Natural Products	3	3	None	Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Break New Frontier Research Communication, Aba Aroje, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Olabinri, B.M., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Eniyansoro, O.O., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Okoronkwo, C.O., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Olabinri, P.F., Break New Frontier Research Communication, Aba Aroje, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Olaleye, M.T., Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Summary: The chelating ability of aqueous extract of Tetracarpidium conophorum was assessed in vitro. The plant extract showed a dose dependent decrease in chelating ability in vitro .The values of chelating ability for graded doses (2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%,w/v) were 97.38, 90.56, 89.00, 87.46 and 82.80%, respectively. The dose (2%,w/v) had the highest chelating ability. The antioxidant activity of the extract ranged from-3.8% to 71.9%. At 8% concentration,a strong positive significant correlation was observed between chelating ability and total phenolics concentration (r = 0.89; P = 0.01).At 2% concentration, the chelating ability of the extract showed a high positive significant correlation with antioxidant activity (r = 0.68; P = 0.001).In conclusion, the aqueous extract of Tetracarpidium conophorum could be used in the treatment of iron-overload disdorders due to its high chelating ability in vitro at low doses. Industrial relevance: Tetracarpidium conophorum extract may be explored in the industrial production of iron chelators due to its high chelating ability in vitro at low doses, which will be of clinical relevance in the treatment of iron-overload disorders such as thalassemia, a group of genetically inherited blood disorders characterized by defective globin chain of haemoglobin and iron overload. Iron chelators from the plant extract will decrease iron availability in the blood circulation of thalassemic patients. © 2010-2011. IJARNP-HS Publications.	Chelating activity; Iron-overload disease; Medicinal plant; Natural product and clinical medicine	Juglans; Tetracarpidium conophorum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876296210	Biochemical and haematological evaluation of repeated dose exposure of male wistar rats to an ethanolic extract of artemisia annua	Eteng M.U., Abolaji A.O., Ebong P.E., Brisibe E.A., Dar A., Kabir N., Iqbal Choudhary M.	2013	Phytotherapy Research	27	4	10.1002/ptr.4758	Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences	Eteng, M.U., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Abolaji, A.O., Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Ebong, P.E., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Brisibe, E.A., Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Dar, A., Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Kabir, N., Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Iqbal Choudhary, M., Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan	Artemisia annua is widely used for the treatment of malaria and other disorders. In a previous study, the artemisinin concentration in the dry leaves of A. annua grown under humid tropical conditions was determined to be 1.098% using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. In the current study, biochemical and haematological evaluations of ethanolic leaf extracts derived from such plants (EAA) were carried out in 20 male Wistar rats. Rats were divided into four study groups of saline-treated (control) and test groups exposed orally to graded doses of EAA for 28 days. The results showed that the liver function and haematological indices, and testosterone levels were not adversely affected. High density lipoprotein -cholesterol was reduced at 100 mg/kg of EAA, atherogenic index as well as low density lipoprotein -cholesterol was raised, and glucose concentration was reduced significantly at the 100 and 200 mg/kg of EAA (p < 0.05). In addition to serving as a possible antidiabetic agent, EAA may not predispose users to hepatotoxicity, haematotoxicity and testicular toxicity. However, due to the possible risk of atherosclerosis, we advise that the plant extract should be taken with caution in people with atherosclerotic condition. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	antidiabetic agent; Artemisia annua; haematotoxicity; hepatotoxicity; testicular toxicity	alcohol; antidiabetic agent; Artemisia annua extract; glucose; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; sodium chloride; testosterone; animal experiment; animal tissue; Artemisia annua; article; atherogenic index; atherosclerosis; biochemistry; blood examination; blood toxicity; cardiovascular parameters; controlled study; drug dose comparison; drug isolation; drug safety; drug screening; glucose blood level; hematological parameters; liver function; liver toxicity; male; nonhuman; plant leaf; rat; repeated drug dose; reproductive toxicity; testicular toxicity; testosterone blood level; treatment duration; Animals; Artemisia annua; Biological Markers; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Liver; Male; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Testis; Testosterone; Toxicity Tests, Subacute; Artemisia annua; Rattus; Rattus norvegicus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855292781	In-vitro evaluation of antioxidant potential of Rauwolfia vomitoria root extract and its inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation as indication of aphrodisiac properties	Okolie N.P., Israel E.E.J., Falodun A.	2011	Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal	45	8	10.1007/s11094-011-0660-5	Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria	Okolie, N.P., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Israel, E.E.J., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Falodun, A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria	Rauwolfia vomitoria (RV) Afzel (Apocynaceae) is a medicinal plant used in traditional medicinal practice for the treatment of hypertension. This research is devoted to phytochemical constituents, in particular, some specific alkaloids present in the RV root extract. The phytochemical evaluation revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and flavonoids in this extract. The antioxidant activity of the RV root extract was also evaluated in a series of in vitro assays involving free radicals. The extract exhibited significant hydrogen peroxide scavenging effect relative to ascorbic acid (p &lt; 0.05, IC 50 = 98 μg/ml), nitric oxide scavenging effect (50.37 ± 0.4% after 150 min), and metal chelating activity (89.08 ± 2.62%). In addition, it exhibited significant ferric reducing power relative to ascorbic acid (p &lt; 0.05). The total content of phenolic substances was 233.3 ± 2.9 mg/g. The extract was also studied for its inhibitory capacity on lipid peroxidation as a possible mechanism of its aphrodisiac effect, by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in various male-cow tissues incubated in a 5% solution of the RV root extract, distilled water, and antioxidant vitamins C and E upon keeping the samples frozen for 35 days. Tissues incubated in the test solution had lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) compared to those in the samples incubated in distilled water. Results obtained from this study indicate that the RV root extract can be a potential source of natural antioxidants. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.	Antioxidant; lipid peroxidation (LPO); malondialdehyde (MDA)	alkaloid derivative; alpha tocopherol; aphrodisiac agent; ascorbic acid; benzylisoquinoline derivative; flavonoid; free radical; hydrogen peroxide; indole alkaloid; malonaldehyde; Rauwolfia extract; Rauwolfia vomitoria extract; saponin derivative; tannin derivative; thiobarbituric acid reactive substance; tropane alkaloid; unclassified drug; animal tissue; antioxidant activity; article; bull (bovine); chelation; in vitro study; lipid peroxidation; male; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant root; Rauwolfia; rauwolfia vomitoria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33747329792	Evaluation of some nutritional characteristics of Indian almond (Prunus amygdalus) nut	Agunbiade S.O., Olanlokun J.O.	2006	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	5	4	10.3923/pjn.2006.316.318	Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Agunbiade, S.O., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Olanlokun, J.O., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	The study of nutritional characteristics of Indian almond (Prunus amygdalus) showed the proximate composition to be: 97.70% dry matter, 11.52±1.10% crude protein, 6.76±0.72% ash, 5.09±0.84% crude fibre, and 21.76±1.20% fat and 54.87±2.80% carbohydrate. The antinutrient composition was found to be 0.25% phytin, 0.07% phytin phosphorus, 0.04% cyanide, 1.82%Tannin. Its fatty acid and mineral contents were 0.65% oleic acid, 0.19% phosphorus, 0.17% potassium, 0.25%magnesium, 245.65ppm sodium, 845.45ppm calcium, 92.12ppm zinc, 70.62ppm iron and 9.21ppm copper. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.	Almonds; Antinutrients; Minerals; Proximate composition	calcium; carbohydrate; copper; cyanide; fatty acid; iron; magnesium; mineral; oleic acid; phosphorus; potassium; sodium; tannin; vegetable oil; vegetable protein; zinc; almond; article; chemical analysis; dry weight; food composition; nonhuman; nutrient; nutritional value; plant fiber; prunus amygdalus; Prunus dulcis; Terminalia catappa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957195764	Evaluation of the genus Treculia for antimycobacterial, anti-reverse transcriptase, radical scavenging and antitumor activities	Kuete V., Metuno R., Keilah P.L., Tshikalange E.T., Ngadjui B.T.	2010	South African Journal of Botany	76	3	10.1016/j.sajb.2010.04.005	Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Kuete, V., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon; Metuno, R., Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Keilah, P.L., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon; Tshikalange, E.T., Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Ngadjui, B.T., Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon	This study was designed to evaluate the antimycobacterial, anti-reverse transcriptase, radical scavenging and antitumor activities of the methanol extracts of the twigs and leaves of three plants of the genus Treculia, namely Treculia obovoidea, Treculia africana and Treculia acuminata. The DPPH radical scavenging assay was used for the antioxidant test while the crown gall tumor assay was used for antitumor evaluation. The INT colorimetry and microplate Alamar blue assay (MABA) were used for antimycobacterial investigations. The results of the antimycobacterial assays, showed that the leaf crude extract of the three Treculia species as well as that from the twigs of T. africana were able to prevent the growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The lowest MIC value (19.53μg/ml) was recorded with extract of the leaves of T. africana on M. smegmatis, and those of T. africana and T. acuminata against M. tuberculosis. All studied extracts inhibited at various extents the anti-reverse transcriptase activity at 200μg/ml. The best IC50 values, 31.1μg/ml, 29.5μg/ml and 21.1μg/ml were recorded respectively with the extracts of the leaves of T. obovoidea, T. acuminata and T. africana. Results of the antioxidant activity indicate a dose-dependent ability of sample to scavenge the DPPH radical. The lowest IC50 values were obtained with extracts of the leaves of T. acuminata (56.3μg/ml) and T. obovoidea (55.9μg/ml). Pronounced tumor-reducing activity was observed with the extracts of the leaves of T. africana (89.67%), T. acuminata (92.16%), T. obovoidea (96.67%) and that of the twigs of T. acuminata (87.18%). The overall results provide evidence that plants of the genus Treculia might be potential sources of antitubercular, anti-HIV and antitumor compounds. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.	Anti-reverse transcriptase; Antimycobacterial; Antitumor; Moraceae; Radical scavenging; Treculia species	antimicrobial activity; antioxidant; biochemical composition; dicotyledon; disease control; enzyme activity; methanol; plant extract; tuberculosis; Human immunodeficiency virus; Moraceae; Mycobacterium smegmatis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Treculia; Treculia africana; Treculia obovoidea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955274098	Evaluation of flavonoids from Dorstenia barteri for their antimycobacterial, antigonorrheal and anti-reverse transcriptase activities	Kuete V., Ngameni B., Mbaveng A.T., Ngadjui B., Meyer J.J.M., Lall N.	2010	Acta Tropica	116	1	10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.06.005	Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon; Department of Pharmacy and Traditional Pharmacopoeia, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 8664, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Kuete, V., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon, Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Ngameni, B., Department of Pharmacy and Traditional Pharmacopoeia, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 8664, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Mbaveng, A.T., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Ngadjui, B., Department of Pharmacy and Traditional Pharmacopoeia, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 8664, Yaoundé, Cameroon, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Meyer, J.J.M., Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Lall, N., Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimycobacterial, antigonorrheal and reverse transcriptase activities of five flavonoids: isobachalcone (IBC); kanzanol C (KAN); 4-hydroxylonchocarpin (4-LCP); stipulin (SPL) and amentoflavone (AMF) from Dortenia barteri, together with the crude extract from this plant. The Agar disc diffusion, broth microdilution, microplate alamar blue assay (MABA), radiometric respiratory technique using BACTEC 460 system and the reverse transcriptase (RT) assay were used for the investigations. The results of the antimycobacterial assay showed that the crude extract and compounds were able to prevent the growth of Mycobacteria with MIC<10μg/ml being recorded with IBC on M. tuberculosis. Results of the killing rate experiment revealed that total inhibition effect on M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain was noted with IBC and SPL at day 9 when tested at 4× MIC. The results of the antigonorrheal assay indicated that MIC values below 10μg/ml were also recorded with IBC on all the tested N. gonorrhoeae strains, meanwhile good activities (MIC<10μg/ml) were also noted with the extract, KAN, 4-LCP and SPL on some of these strains. The anti-reverse transcriptase activities of extract and compounds also demonstrated that all samples were able to inhibit at various extents the reverse transcriptase activity, with IBC and 4-LCP showing the best effects. The overall results of this work provided evidence that the crude extract as well as some flavonoids from D. barteri could be potential sources of new antimicrobial drug against tuberculosis (TB), gonorrhea and probably the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.	Anti-reverse transcriptase; Antigonorrheal; Antimycobacterial; Dortenia barteri; Flavonoids	4 hydroxylonchocarpin; amentoflavone; Dorstenia barteri extract; flavonoid; isobachalcone; kanzanol C; plant extract; RNA directed DNA polymerase; stipulin; unclassified drug; bacterium; metabolite; pathogen; plant; tuberculosis; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; antibacterial activity; article; bacterial growth; bactericidal activity; broth dilution; controlled study; disk diffusion; Dorstenia barteri; drug structure; enzyme activity; enzyme assay; enzyme inhibition; gonorrhea; growth inhibition; Human immunodeficiency virus; minimum inhibitory concentration; Moraceae; Mycobacterium; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; nonhuman; radiometry; tuberculosis; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Analysis of Variance; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Flavonoids; Gonorrhea; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Moraceae; Mycobacterium smegmatis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Oxazines; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Tuberculosis; Xanthenes; Corynebacterineae; Dorstenia barteri; Mycobacterium tuberculosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956095468	Characterization and safety evaluation of the impact of hydrocarbon contaminants on ecological receptors	Nwaichi E.O., Onyeike E.N., Wegwu M.O.	2010	Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology	85	2	10.1007/s00128-010-0062-5	Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria	Nwaichi, E.O., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Onyeike, E.N., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Wegwu, M.O., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria	Hydrocarbon-contaminant removal efficiency of Bambara groundnuts and biomagnification was investigated. The crude oil contaminated soil samples in which the plants were established were either un-amended, or amended with NPK, or Urea, or Poultry manure. Amendments improved phytoextraction rates as follows: Urea - 63.37%, NPK - 65.99%, Poultry - manure - 70.04%, for PAH; Urea - 78.80%, NPK - 79.80%, Poultry manure - 87.90%, for BTEX. Hazard characterization from 28-day feeding study revealed negative effects of potentially toxic BTEX and PAH on organ weight, optimum digestibility and animal growth rate. Sleep time decreased with increasing hydrocarbon concentrations probably due to increased liver enzyme activity. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Exposure; Food safety; Hydrocarbon contamination; Phytoremediation	Biomagnification; Contaminant removal; Ecological receptors; Exposure; Food safety; Hydrocarbon contamination; Oil contaminated soil; Phytoextraction; Phytoremediation; Poultry manure; Safety evaluations; Sleep time; Bioremediation; Contamination; Crude oil; Enzyme activity; Health; Hydrocarbons; Impurities; Manures; Metabolism; Removal; Soil pollution; Soil pollution control; Urea; Chemical contamination; fertilizer; petroleum; animal; article; biomass; bioremediation; body weight; chemistry; drug effect; environmental monitoring; female; food chain; growth, development and aging; legume; Nigeria; organ size; peanut; plant root; rat; sleep; soil pollutant; Wistar rat; Animals; Arachis hypogaea; Biodegradation, Environmental; Biomass; Body Weight; Environmental Monitoring; Fabaceae; Female; Fertilizers; Food Chain; Nigeria; Organ Size; Petroleum; Plant Roots; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sleep; Soil Pollutants; Animalia; Arachis hypogaea; Bambara	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051578942	Evaluation of four Cameroonian medicinal plants for anticancer, antigonorrheal and antireverse transcriptase activities	Mbaveng A.T., Kuete V., Mapunya B.M., Beng V.P., Nkengfack A.E., Meyer J.J.M., Lall N.	2011	Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology	32	2	10.1016/j.etap.2011.04.006	Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Mbaveng, A.T., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Kuete, V., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon, Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Mapunya, B.M., Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Beng, V.P., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Nkengfack, A.E., Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Meyer, J.J.M., Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Lall, N., Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon	Methanol extracts from the leaves, bark and roots of four Cameroonian medicinal plants, Bersama engleriana, Cupressus lusitanica, Vitellaria paradoxa and Guibourtia tessmannii were tested for their in vitro cytotoxicity, antigonorrheal and antireverse transcriptase activities. The XTT (2,3-bis[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxyanilide inner salt) assay, the dilution method and reverse transcriptase (RT) assay were used for the investigations. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the extracts was also conducted using standard methods. Results showed that all extracts contained compounds belonging to the classes of phenols and terpenoids. They were also able to reduce in dose dependent manner, the proliferation of the cancer THP-1, DU145, HeLa, MCF-7, HepG2 and the normal Vero cells. IC50 values below 30μg/ml were noted with extract from the three parts of B. engleriana on at least two of the five studied cancer cell lines, the lowest value of 5.9μg/ml being obtained with sample from the bark. IC50 values below 30μg/ml were also recorded with extracts from the leaves (on HeLa cells) and bark (on MCF-7) of G. tessmanii, and that from the bark of C. lusitanica on MCF-7. Extracts from B. engleriana and those from the bark of V. paradoxa gave the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values below 100μg/ml on most of the 10 tested Nesseria gonorrhoeae strains. Extracts from B. engleriana also inhibited more than 80% the activity of the Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) enzyme. Finally, the results of the present study provide baseline information for the use of B. engleriana, C. lusitanica, G. tessmanii, V. paradoxa. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Anti-gonorrheal; Anti-reverse transcriptase; Anticancer; Medicinal plants	2,3 bis[2 methoxy 4 nitro 5 sulfophenyl] 2h tetrazolium 5 carboxyanilide inner salt; anilide; anthraquinone derivative; antineoplastic agent; Bersama engleriana extract; Cupressus lusitanica extract; doxorubicin; flavonoid; Guibourtia tessmannii extract; methanol; phenol derivative; plant extract; RNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitor; tannin derivative; terpenoid derivative; unclassified drug; Vitellaria paradoxa extract; animal cell; antibacterial activity; antineoplastic activity; article; bacterial strain; bark; Bersama engleriana; Cameroon; cancer cell culture; cancer inhibition; cell strain DU145; cell strain HepG2; cell strain MCF 7; cell strain THP 1; concentration response; controlled study; Cupressus; Cupressus lusitanica; dilution; drug cytotoxicity; drug isolation; drug screening; enzyme assay; enzyme inhibition; Guibourtia tessmannii; HeLa cell; human; human cell; IC 50; in vitro study; medicinal plant; minimum inhibitory concentration; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant leaf; plant root; priority journal; Vero cell; Vitellaria paradoxa; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Cameroon; Cell Line, Tumor; Cercopithecus aethiops; Gonorrhea; HIV Reverse Transcriptase; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Neoplasms; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Terpenes; Vero Cells; Bersama; Cupressus lusitanica; Guibourtia tessmannii; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Vitellaria paradoxa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84931559925	Evaluation of antioxidant potentials of Morinda morindoides leaf extract	Akinloye D.I., Sunmonu T.O., Omotainse S.O., Balogun E.A.	2015	Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry	97	2	10.1080/02772248.2015.1031667	Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Departmen	Akinloye, D.I., Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Sunmonu, T.O., Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria; Omotainse, S.O., Department of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Balogun, E.A., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	This study investigated antioxidant status of animals given aqueous extract of Morinda morindoides leaves using the levels of reduced glutathione, total-thiol, vitamin C, and vitamin E as well as malondialdehyde concentrations as indices, and its in vitro antioxidant capacity. Thirty rats divided into five groups were used. Group A served as control and were administered distilled water while groups B, C, D, and E were given 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg per kilogram body weight of water-extracted constituents of M. morindoides for 28 days. Total phenolic compounds amounted to 83.6 ± 5.9 mg g−1 gallic acid equivalent, while total flavonoid content was 9.5 ± 0.9 mg g−1 pyrocathecol equivalent. Malondialdehyde in plasma was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner, ranging from 21% in groups B and C to 84% in groups D and E. Vitamins C and E were significantly increased, in group E by 91% and 17% compared with control. Total thiols and glutathione in plasma were significantly increased, with group E having 2.5-fold and 4.2-fold higher values than control. © 2015 Taylor & Francis.	antioxidant; evaluation; leaf extract; Morinda morindoides	Aldehydes; Peptides; Antioxidant capacity; Antioxidant potential; Dose-dependent manner; evaluation; Leaf extracts; Morinda morindoides; Total flavonoid contents; Total phenolic compounds; Antioxidants; antioxidant; aqueous solution; concentration (composition); dicotyledon; dose-response relationship; leaf; phenolic compound; plant extract; plasma; Animalia; Morinda morindoides; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901408179	Evaluation of antioxidant potential and nutritional values of white skinned sweet potato-unripe plantain composite flour blends	Salawu S.O., Boligon A.A., Athayde M.L.	2014	International Journal of Applied Research in Natural Products	7	2	None	Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Maria, Build 26, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil	Salawu, S.O., Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Boligon, A.A., Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Maria, Build 26, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Athayde, M.L., Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Maria, Build 26, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil	The present investigation sought to evaluate the antioxidant properties, phenolic composition, nutrient composition of Unripe Plantain (UP) -White Skinned Sweet potato (WSP) flour blends. The flour were mixed in various proportions (UP: WSP); 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80 and 0:100. HPLC/DAD phenolic analyses revealed the presence of some phenolic acids and flavonoids. The result of the antioxidant indices showed a progressive increase with respect to sweet potato inclusion and that high antioxidant indices were recorded for 100% WSP (total phenolic: 1.111mg/g; total flavonoid: 2030mg/g; reducing power: 0.76mg/g; ABTS radical scavenging activity: 3.08 x 10-6mg/g and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity: 82.017%), while the least values were recorded for 100% UP. The proximate composition analysis revealed that 100%UP had the highest carbohydrate (78.17%), protein (11.72%), fibre (0.20%) and fat (5.56%) content compared with whole potato flour and that other blends have a decreasing value with respect to increase in the composition of sweet potato. The highest level of Na, K was recorded for 100% UP while 100% WP had the highest level of Mg, Ca and P. These investigations showed that sweet potato-unripe plantain composite blend would be a good source of natural antioxidant as well as providing essential nutrients. Industrial Relevance. Several investigations have revealed the antioxidant and nutritional potentials of sweet potato and unripe-plantain when consumed separately. Also a number of scientific reports provide information on the use of sweet potato and unripe plantain as medicinal foods when consumed separately, and are commonly used as functional food especially in the management of diabetes. Therefore, this study sought to assess the antioxidant and nutritional potentials of phenolic containing unripe plantain (UP) and white skinned sweet potato (WSP) flour blends with a view identifying the blends with good nutritional and medicinal potentials. The blend that processes good nutritional values and high antioxidant activities could be formulated as functional foods and explored as dietary interventions for managing diseases associated with free radical damage such as diabetes.	Antioxidant potential; Musa paradisiacae; Nutritional value; Phenolic composition; Solanum tuberosum	antioxidant; banana plus sweet potato extract; caffeic acid; caffeic acid derivative; catechin; chlorogenic acid; ellagic acid; epicatechin; gallic acid; isoquercitrin; kaempferol; plant extract; quercetin; quercitrin; rutoside; unclassified drug; ABTS radical scavenging assay; antioxidant activity; article; banana; carbohydrate analysis; controlled study; drug determination; drug mechanism; fat content; flour; high performance liquid chromatography; hydroxyl radical scavenging assay; nutritional value; plant fiber; protein content; sweet potato	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879261747	Evaluation of the crude protein and amino acid composition of Nigerian Monodora myristica (Ehuru)	Ekeanyanwu R.C.	2013	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	12	3	None	Department of Biochemistry, Imo State University, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	Ekeanyanwu, R.C., Department of Biochemistry, Imo State University, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	Protein plays an important role in biochemical, biophysical and physiological processes. The deficiency of proteins leads to weakness, anaemia, protein energy malnutrition (Kwashiorkor and marasmus), delayed wound healing and fracture healing and also decreased resistance to infection. Proteins in the body come from both plant and animal source. Life without protein is not possible and amino acids are the building blocks of protein. The crude protein and amino acid composition of Monodora myristica seed was determined using standard analytical techniques with a view to further appraise the nutritive value. The results showed that crude protein content in percentage as 11.34%. The Total Amino Acid (TAA) of Monodora myristica seed was 65.60g/100g of crude protein. The Total Essential Amino Acid (TEAA, with Histidine) was calculated to be 47.64% of the crude protein while the Total non Essential Amino Acid (TNEAA) was calculated to be 52.36% of the crude protein. The predicted protein efficiency ratio (P-PER) was calculated to be 2.32. The content of total Essential Amino Acid (EAA) with value 26.85g/100g crude protein is lower than FAO/WHO recommended value of 36.0g/100g crude protein. Monodora myristica could be used as good sources of protein supplement in the human diet. Monodora myristica has been used as spice and condiment in food and also possess medicinal property. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2013.	Amino acid; Ehuru; Monodora myristica; Protein	alanine; amino acid; arginine; aspartic acid; cysteine; essential amino acid; glutamic acid; glycine; histidine; isoleucine; leucine; lysine; methionine; phenylalanine; proline; serine; threonine; tyrosine; valine; vegetable protein; analytic method; article; diet supplementation; food composition; Monodora myristica; nonhuman; nutritional value; plant seed; protein content; tree; Animalia; Monodora myristica	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899987936	Evaluation of antioxidants in the kidney of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats	Gomathi D., Kalaiselvi M., Ravikumar G., Devaki K., Uma C.	2014	Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry	29	2	10.1007/s12291-013-0344-x	Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam University, Coimbatore 641 021, India; Biochemistry College of Medicine and Health Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia	Gomathi, D., Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam University, Coimbatore 641 021, India; Kalaiselvi, M., Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam University, Coimbatore 641 021, India; Ravikumar, G., Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam University, Coimbatore 641 021, India; Devaki, K., Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam University, Coimbatore 641 021, India; Uma, C., Biochemistry College of Medicine and Health Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia	Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine metabolic disorders. Dual endocrine deficits of impaired insulin action (insulin resistance) and inadequate insulin secretion create an environment of chronic hyperglycemia and general metabolic disarray. Oxidative stress plays an important role in diabetic pathogenesis. Oxidative stress induced by streptozotocin (STZ) has been shown to damage pancreatic beta cell and produce hyperglycemia in rats. The present study was made to evaluate the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of the Evolvulus alsinoides in STZ induced rats. The antioxidant activities were done by using standard protocols. For histopathological analysis, the pancreatic tissues of all experimental groups were fixed with 10 % formalin for 24 h then the samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for the microscopic observation. Our results showed the significant decrease in lipid peroxidation and increases in the antioxidant (both enzymatic and nonenzymatic) levels after treatment with standard as well as the E. alsinoides. There is no significant difference between control and plant alone group rats. The histopathology reports also revealed non-toxic effect and protective effect of E. alsinoides in the kidney of STZ induced diabetic rats. Our result indicated that the E. alsinoides extract effectively increased the antioxidant level thereby it prevents oxidative stress during diabetes mellitus and also it showed the protective effect on kidney of STZ induced rats. Hence it can be used to maintain the antioxidant level during diabetes mellitus. © 2013 Association of Clinical Biochemists of India.	Enzymatic antioxidants; Evolvulus alsinoides; LPO; Non-enzymatic antioxidant; Streptozotocin	antioxidant; catalase; Evolvulus alsinoides extract; glibenclamide; glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase; glutathione peroxidase; glutathione reductase; plant extract; superoxide dismutase; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antioxidant activity; article; controlled study; enzyme activity; Evolvulus alsinoides; experimental diabetes mellitus; glucose blood level; histopathology; India; kidney; lipid peroxidation; medicinal plant; nonhuman; oxidative stress; pathogenesis; rat; streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus; treatment outcome; Evolvulus alsinoides; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-40949133494	Heavy metals in mosquito larval habitats in urban Kisumu and Malindi, Kenya, and their impact	Mireji P.O., Keating J., Hassanali A., Mbogo C.M., Nyambaka H., Kahindi S., Beier J.C.	2008	Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety	70	1	10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.03.012	Department of Biochemistry, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya; International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of International Health and Development, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States; Center for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P.O. Box 4281, Kilifi, Kenya; Department of Chemistry, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33177, United States	Mireji, P.O., Department of Biochemistry, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya, International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya; Keating, J., Department of International Health and Development, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States; Hassanali, A., International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya; Mbogo, C.M., Center for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P.O. Box 4281, Kilifi, Kenya; Nyambaka, H., Department of Chemistry, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya; Kahindi, S., Center for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P.O. Box 4281, Kilifi, Kenya; Beier, J.C., Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33177, United States	Concentrations and distribution of cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese and zinc in mosquito larval habitats in urban Kisumu and Malindi, Kenya and their effect on the presence of Anopheles gambiae, Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles funestus larvae were investigated. Manganese and iron were the most prevalent heavy metals in water of larval habitats in urban Kisumu and Malindi, respectively. Iron was the most prevalent heavy metal in bottom sediments in larval habitats in both cities. The highest concentrations of all heavy metals, except cadmium and iron, were recorded in the poorly planned-well drained stratum in the two cities. All heavy metals were more concentrated in human-made than in natural larval habitats. Copper was positively associated with the presence of Ae. aegypti, and lead was associated with the presence of An. gambiae and Ae. aegypti in urban Kisumu. Absence of significant correlation between the other metals and mosquito species in both cities, despite relatively high concentrations, suggest that the local larval populations, including key malaria vectors have adapted to the detected levels of these metals. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Heavy metals; Human-made habitats; Larval habitats; Mosquitoes; Natural habitats; Strata; Tolerance	cadmium; chromium; copper; heavy metal; iron; lead; manganese; zinc; adaptation; concentration (composition); habitat quality; heavy metal; larva; mosquito; pollution effect; pollution tolerance; spatial distribution; urban area; adaptation; Aedes aegypti; Anopheles; anopheles funestus; Anopheles gambiae; article; concentration (parameters); Culex quinquefasciatus; disease carrier; habitat; Kenya; larva; malaria; mosquito; nonhuman; sediment; species composition; urban area; water pollution; Animals; Cities; Culicidae; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring; Geologic Sediments; Kenya; Larva; Metals, Heavy; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Africa; Coast Province; East Africa; Kenya; Kilifi; Kisumu; Malindi; Nyanza; Sub-Saharan Africa; Aedes aegypti; Anopheles funestus; Anopheles gambiae; Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877996089	Evaluation of Ficus exasperata vahl. leaf extracts in the management of diabetes mellitus in vitro	Kazeem M.I., Oyedapo B.F., Raimi O.G., Adu O.B.	2013	Journal of Medical Sciences (Faisalabad)	13	4	10.3923/jms.2013.269.275	Department of Biochemistry, Lagos State University, PMB 0001Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria	Kazeem, M.I., Department of Biochemistry, Lagos State University, PMB 0001Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria; Oyedapo, B.F., Department of Biochemistry, Lagos State University, PMB 0001Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria; Raimi, O.G., Department of Biochemistry, Lagos State University, PMB 0001Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria; Adu, O.B., Department of Biochemistry, Lagos State University, PMB 0001Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria	The sharp increase in the incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus has led to antidiabetic therapeutic investigations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate different extracts of Ficus exasperata leaves for their inhibitory potential against α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities. Phytochemical screening of the various extracts of Ficus exasperata was performed and their inhibitory potential on the activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase was determined in vitro. The results revealed that aqueous extract of Ficus exasperata has the lowest IC50 against α-amylase (3.70 mg mL-1) and α-glucosidase (1.70 mg rnL-1) which makes it most potent inhibitor compared to the other extracts. Kinetic studies performed on the aqueous extract of Ficus exasperata in order to determine its modes of inhibition of the enzymes showed that it is a non-competitive and competitive inhibitor of α-amylase and α-glucosidase respectively. It is proposed that the inhibitory potential of aqueous extract of the plant might be due to the synergistic effect of its phytochemical constituents. Therefore it can be concluded that part of the mechanisms by which Ficus exasperata displayed its antidiabetic potential is through the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase.	α-amylase; α-glucosidase; Diabetes mellitus; Ficus exasperata; Tannins	alpha glucosidase; amylase; antidiabetic agent; Ficus exasperata extract; flavonoid; phytosterol; plant extract; saponin derivative; tannin derivative; terpenoid derivative; unclassified drug; antidiabetic activity; article; chemical composition; competitive inhibition; controlled study; drug screening; enzyme inhibition; Ficus; Ficus exasperata; IC 50; in vitro study; phytochemistry; plant leaf	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879437002	Evaluation of anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of ethanolic extracts of Citrus sinensis peel and leaves	Omodamiro O.D., Umekwe C.J.	2013	Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research	5	5	None	Department of Biochemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria	Omodamiro, O.D., Department of Biochemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria; Umekwe, C.J., Department of Biochemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria	The objectives of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties of ethanolic extracts of Citrus sinensis peels and leaves. Free radical scavenging activity was evaluated by using nitric oxide inhibition and anti-lipid peroxidation models. Both peels and leaves extracts produced a dose-dependent inhibition in vitro. Highest inhibition was seen in the extracts of highest concentration 65.7% for peels and 57.4% for leaves in nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assay, 66.5% and 54.7% for peels and leaves extract respectively in antilipid peroxidation assay. Leaves extract also exhibited anti-inflammatory property at different time intervals that was dose-dependent. Extracts of both peels and leaves showed moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results clearly indicate that free radical scavenging, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of ethanolic extracts of Citrus sinensis are comparable to ascorbic acid, ciprofloxacin and aspirin used as standards respectively.	Anti-inflammatory; Antibacterial; Antioxidant; Citrus sinensis; Ethanolic extract; Leaves; Peel; Zone of inhibition	Anti-inflammatories; Antibacterial; Citrus sinensis; Ethanolic extracts; Leaves; Peel; Zone of inhibitions; Antioxidants; Bacteria; Escherichia coli; Organic acids; Nitric oxide; acetylsalicylic acid; alcohol; antiinflammatory agent; ascorbic acid; ciprofloxacin; citrus sinensis extract; nitric oxide; plant extract; scavenger; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal tissue; antibacterial activity; antiinflammatory activity; antioxidant activity; article; concentration response; controlled study; disk diffusion; drug determination; Escherichia coli; female; lipid peroxidation; male; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant leaf; Proteus mirabilis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; rat; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus pneumoniae; sweet orange	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907995046	Evaluation of some nutritional and sensory characteristics of bread-fruit (Treculia africana) cooked with various food-waste ash infusions	Egbuonu A.C.C., Nzewi D.C.	2014	Research Journal of Medicinal Plant	8	6	10.3923/rjmp.2014.277.282	Department of Biochemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria; Department of Food Technology, Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	Egbuonu, A.C.C., Department of Biochemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria; Nzewi, D.C., Department of Food Technology, Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	The local practice of boiling bread-fruit seeds with food-waste ash infusion, while desirous on environmental ground, may affect the nutritional and sensory characteristics of the porridge, warranting this study. Five bread-fruit seeds samples were separately boiled with ash infusion from palm bunch (PBI), plantain leave (PLI), corncob (CCI), groundnut shell (GSI) and without ash infusion (TW). Compared with the control (TW), the recorded range: 11.98±0.57-13.24±1.15% (moisture), 17.64±0.13-18.24±0.57% (protein), 2.61±0.58-2.75±0.03% (crude fibre), 1.90±0.06-2.04±0.06% (crude fat), 3.19±0.17-3.36±0.02% (ash), 60.56±0.06-62.65±0.11% (carbohydrate), 5.10±0.05-5.32±0.07 mg/100 g (calcium) and 6.94±0.02-6.97±0.05 mg/100 g (potassium) were not significant (p>0.05). However, the range 3.58±0.04-4.24±0.08 mg/100 g (iron), 1.8±0.17-4.5±0.12% (texture), 1.3±0.05-4.2±0.06% (aroma), 2.0±0.06-4.0±0.11% (taste), 2.6±0.06-4.6±0.05 (color) and 1.9±0.05-4.2 ±0.17 (general acceptability) were significant (p<0.05). The effect of the various ash infusions on most of the studied nutritional properties of the bread-fruit was not significant, hence, could be negligible. The difference in the iron and sensory characteristics values for PBI sample were significant (p<0.05) when compared with the control and those for the other ash infusions, suggesting the overriding effect of boiling with palm bunch infusion on these parameters. The study supports the local use of these ash infusions and their preference for PBI in preparing bread-fruit meal while suggesting a beneficial use of these hitherto food wastes. The potential of these ash infusions (especially PBI) to improve the iron content and sensory properties of the bread-fruit is nutritionally noteworthy hence warrants further study. © 2014 Academic Journals Inc.	Aroma; Ash infusions; Calcium; Iron; Potassium; Taste; Texture	calcium; carbohydrate; fat; iron; potassium; aroma; Article; ash; breadfruit; carbohydrate analysis; controlled study; cooking; food color; food texture; food waste; food waste ash; moisture; nutritional assessment; plant fiber; plant seed; protein content; taste; Treculia africana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886042127	Interaction of nanoparticles with arginine kinase from Trypanosoma brucei: Kinetic and mechanistic evaluation	Adeyemi O.S., Whiteley C.G.	2013	International Journal of Biological Macromolecules	62	None	10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.09.008	Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	Adeyemi, O.S., Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Whiteley, C.G., Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	Arginine kinase is not only absent from mammalian hosts but is critical to the survival of trypanosomes under stressful conditions and consequently its inhibition may lead to an effective treatment for trypanosomiasis. The His-tagged enzyme was cloned from Trypanosoma brucei genomic DNA, expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 DE3 cells and purified on a Ni-affinity column and by FPLC on a Superdex 200 HR. The enzyme had a specific activity of 2.92μmolmin-1mgprotein-1, molecular mass of 40kDa, temperature and pH optima of 30°C and 7.8, and Km and Vmax as 2.94mM and 0.161μmolml-1min-1 (arginine substrate). The interaction of the enzyme with silver and gold nanoparticles showed a non-competitive inhibition with, respectively, 75% and 62% decrease in activity; Ki values ranged from 1.5nM (Ag) to 3.1nM (Au). A mechanism for this inhibition was by interaction with Cys271 positioned 3.3Å from the reactive NH1 of substrate arginine. This cysteine controls electrophilic and nucleophilic character of the guanidinium group that is crucial for enzymatic phosphoryl transfer between ADP and ATP. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Arginine kinase; Kinetic analysis; Mechanism; Silver, gold nanoparticles; Trypanosomiasis	adenosine diphosphate; adenosine triphosphate; arginine; arginine kinase; cysteine; genomic DNA; gold nanoparticle; guanidine; histidine; nickel; silver nanoparticle; article; competitive inhibition; controlled study; electrophilicity; enzyme activity; enzyme analysis; enzyme inhibitor interaction; enzyme kinetics; enzyme substrate complex; Escherichia coli; fast protein liquid chromatography; molecular cloning; molecular weight; nonhuman; nucleophilicity; pH; temperature; Trypanosoma brucei; trypanosomiasis; Arginine kinase; Kinetic analysis; Mechanism; Silver, gold nanoparticles; Trypanosomiasis; Arginine Kinase; Cloning, Molecular; Enzyme Activation; Gene Expression; Gold; Kinetics; Mechanical Phenomena; Metal Nanoparticles; Nanoparticles; Protein Binding; Recombinant Proteins; Silver; Trypanosoma brucei brucei	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-64649091129	Mulch tower treatment system Part I: Overall performance in greywater treatment	Zuma B.M., Tandlich R., Whittington-Jones K.J., Burgess J.E.	2009	Desalination	242	42372	10.1016/j.desal.2008.03.030	Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Department of Environmental Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa	Zuma, B.M., Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Tandlich, R., Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa, Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Whittington-Jones, K.J., Department of Environmental Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Burgess, J.E., Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa	A mulch tower (MT) system for greywater treatment is introduced in this paper. Materials used to assemble the MT system included mulch, coarse sand, fine and coarse gravel. Limited removal efficiency of the MT system was demonstrated for alkalinity, total hardness, pH, Cl-, PO43-, NH4+, and SO42-, with the estimated cumulative removals ranging from 7 to 12%. Intermediate removal efficiency was observed for chemical oxygen demand (COD), NO3-, and S2- with the estimated cumulative removals ranging from 24 to 28%. The highest removal efficiency was observed for the total suspended solids (TSS) with the estimated cumulative removal equal to 52%. Given the minute residence time in the MT system, the results obtained were promising and justify scale-up studies for potential on-site applications. The MT effluent did not meet hygienic norms with respect to the faecal coliform concentration (FC) and the total coliform concentration (TC), and further effluent treatment is required before any discharge or reuse of the treated greywater. Further research should focus on characterisation of the microbial community of the MT, and the fate of Cl-, PO43-, NH4+, and SO42-. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Greywater; Mulch tower; On-site treatment	Characterisation; Chemical-oxygen demands; Coarse gravels; Coliform concentrations; Greywater; Greywater treatments; Microbial communities; Mulch tower; On-site treatment; Removal efficiencies; Residence time; Scale-Up; Site applications; Total suspended solids; Treatment systems; Alkalinity; Buildings; Chemical oxygen demand; Effluent treatment; Effluents; Oxygen; Range finding; Removal; Telluric prospecting; Towers; Wastewater treatment; Water recycling; chemical oxygen demand; estimation method; fecal coliform; microbial community; mulch; removal experiment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959886510	Probing fundamental film parameters of immobilized enzymes-Towards enhanced biosensor performance. Part II-Electroanalytical estimation of immobilized enzyme performance	Fogel R., Limson J.L.	2011	Enzyme and Microbial Technology	49	2	10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.05.004	Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa	Fogel, R., Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa; Limson, J.L., Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa	The method of immobilization of a protein has a great influence on the overall conformation, and hence, functioning of the protein. Thus, a greater understanding of the events undergone by the protein during immobilization is key to manipulating the immobilization method to produce a strategy that influences the advantages of immobilization while minimizing their disadvantages in biosensor design. In this, the second paper of a two-part series, we have assessed the kinetic parameters of thin-film laccase monolayers, covalently attached to SAMs differing in spacer-arm length and lateral density of spacer arms. This was achieved using chronoamperometry and an electroactive product (p-benzoquinone), which was modeled in a non-linear regressional fashion to extract the relevant parameters. Finally, comparisons between the kinetic parameters presented in this paper and the rheological parameters of laccase monolayers immobilized in the same manner (Part I of this two paper series) were performed. Improvements in the maximal enzyme-catalysed current, i max, the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant, K m and the apparent biosensor sensitivity were noted for most of the surfaces with increasing linker length. Decreasing the lateral density of the spacer-arms brought about a general improvement in these parameters, which is attributed to the decrease in multiple points of immobilization undergone by functional proteins. Finally, comparisons between rheological data and kinetics data showed that the degree of viscosity exhibited by protein films has a negative influence on attached protein layers, while enhanced protein hydration levels (assessed piezoelectrically from data obtained in Paper 1) has a positive effect on those surfaces comprising rigidly bound protein layers. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.	Biosensor; Enzyme; Immobilization; Kinetics; QCM-D; Viscosity	Biosensor design; Bound proteins; Electroactive; Film parameters; Functional proteins; Immobilization method; Immobilized enzyme; Laccases; Michaelis-Menten constant; Multiple points; Negative influence; Non-linear; P-benzoquinone; Positive effects; Protein films; Protein hydration; Protein layers; QCM-D; Rheological data; Rheological parameter; Sams; Spacer arms; Two-part series; Biosensors; Chronoamperometry; Kinetic parameters; Monolayers; Proteins; Rheology; Viscosity; Enzyme immobilization; 1,4 benzoquinone; laccase; self assembled monolayer; amperometry; article; biofilm; catalysis; covalent bond; density; electrochemical analysis; electrode; enzymic biosensor; flow kinetics; hydration; Michaelis Menten kinetics; piezoelectricity; protein analysis; protein immobilization; quartz crystal microbalance; Biosensing Techniques; Electrochemical Techniques; Enzymes, Immobilized; Kinetics; Laccase; Nonlinear Dynamics; Protein Conformation; Quartz Crystal Microbalance Techniques; Rheology; Viscosity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959864866	Probing fundamental film parameters of immobilized enzymes-Towards enhanced biosensor performance. Part I-QCM-D mass and rheological measurements	Fogel R., Limson J.L.	2011	Enzyme and Microbial Technology	49	2	10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.05.011	Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa	Fogel, R., Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa; Limson, J.L., Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa	Enzyme immobilization is an ever-growing research-area for both analytical and industrial applications. Of critical importance in this area are the effects of immobilization procedures upon the functionality of the immobilized biomolecules. Both beneficial and detrimental effects can be conferred through the selection and tuning of the immobilization procedure. Quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) has been previously used to great effect in tracking alterations to thin films of biomolecules immobilized onto quartz transducers. In this study, we investigate the ability of QCM-D to track and monitor film parameters of a monolayer of laccase immobilized on a series of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), differing in lateral density of binding residues on the SAM and height of the SAM from the quartz surface. Both mass gains and rheological parameters for these varying surfaces were measured and trends later compared to the apparent enzyme kinetics of the immobilized laccase films, assessed electroanalytically (Paper II in this two part study). For covalent attachment of proteins, both shear and viscosity were increased relative to physically adsorbed proteins. An increase in lateral density of protein-binding surface of the SAM components was shown to increase the shear/viscosity of the resultant film while an increase in distance from the electrode (through incorporation of lysine linkers) was shown to decrease the shear/viscosity while simultaneously increasing the wet mass gain of the films. Shear and viscosity may be indicative of both enzyme denaturation and increased lateral protein packing within the film structure hence it is assumed that less distortion occurs with the inclusion of linkers which allow for more optimal protein immobilization. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.	Biosensors; Enzyme; Immobilization; QCM-D; Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation; Rigidity; Viscosity	Binding residues; Covalent attachment; Detrimental effects; Enzyme denaturation; Film parameters; Film structure; Laccases; Mass gain; Protein immobilization; Protein-binding; QCM-D; Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation; Quartz surfaces; Quartz transducer; Rheological measurements; Rheological parameter; Amino acids; Biomolecules; Biosensors; Enzyme kinetics; Industrial applications; Industrial research; Proteins; Quartz; Quartz crystal microbalances; Rheology; Self assembled monolayers; Viscosity; Enzyme immobilization; laccase; mercaptamine; mercaptoethanol; self assembled monolayer; adsorption kinetics; article; biofilm; chemical modification; covalent bond; crystal structure; density; electrode; enzyme denaturation; enzyme immobilization; enzymic biosensor; flow kinetics; nanofabrication; protein binding; protein immobilization; protein structure; quartz crystal microbalance; rigidity; shear stress; structure analysis; surface property; viscosity; Biosensing Techniques; Elastic Modulus; Enzymes, Immobilized; Laccase; Molecular Weight; Protein Binding; Protein Denaturation; Quartz Crystal Microbalance Techniques; Rheology; Surface Properties; Viscosity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846467223	Comparison of the direct enzyme assay method with the membrane filtration technique in the quantification and monitoring of microbial indicator organisms - Seasonal variations in the activities of coliforms and E. coli, temperature and pH	Wutor V.C., Togo C.A., Pletschke B.I.	2007	Water SA	33	1	None	Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	Wutor, V.C., Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Togo, C.A., Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Pletschke, B.I., Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	The aim of this project was to monitor variations and relationships between coliform and E. coli counts, the activities of their marker enzymes GAL and GUD, and temperature and pH over a period of 12 months in river samples obtained from the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Several polluted water samples were collected for direct coliform β-D-galactosidase (B-GAL) and Escherichia coli β-D-glucuronidase (B-GUD) assays and the membrane filtration technique. While all the samples showed enzyme activities, not all exhibited growth on CM1046 media. Variation in B-GAL activity (40%) was observed between November (highest activity month) and May (lowest activity month). The highest and lowest B-GUD activities were observed in the months of September and May/June, respectively. The sensitivity of the spectrophotometric assay method was indicated by a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 coliform forming unit (CFU)/100 mℓ and 2 CFU/100 mℓ for coliforms and E. coli, respectively. There was a significant (P &lt; 0.05) positive correlation between E. coli counts and GUD activity (R2 = 0.8909). A correlation of R2 = 0.9151 was also observed between total coliforms and B-GAL activity, even though the CFUs were not evenly distributed. Direct enzyme assays were also shown to be more sensitive than the membrane filtration (MF) technique.	Chlorophenol red β-D-galactopyranoside (CPRG); Chlorophenol red (CPR); Coliforms; E. coli; p-nitrophenyl (PNP); p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucuronide (PNPG)	Correlation methods; Enzymes; Escherichia coli; Filtration; pH effects; Chlorophenol red β-D-galactopyranoside (CPRG); Chlorophenol red (CPR); P-nitrophenyl (PNP); p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucuronide (PNPG); Biomarkers; Biomarkers; Correlation methods; Enzymes; Escherichia coli; Filtration; pH effects; bacterium; bioassay; bioindicator; comparative study; enzyme activity; monitoring; river pollution; seasonal variation; Africa; Eastern Cape; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Escherichia coli	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928974435	Nutritional evaluation of some legumes and vegetables cultivated and consumed in Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria	Sarkiyayi S., Hamman B.M.	2015	Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology	7	9	None	Department of Biochemistry, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria	Sarkiyayi, S., Department of Biochemistry, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria; Hamman, B.M., Department of Biochemistry, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria	The study was designed to evaluate the nutritional and anti-nutritional content Legumes and vegetables consumed in Adamawa state. The investigations were carried out on Proximate (Moisture, fibre, Ash, Protein, Nitrogen, fat, carbohydrate and Energy), mineral elements (Na, K, Zn, Cu, Pb and Mn, respectively). Vitamins (vitamin A (retinol), β-carotene, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin B<inf>1</inf> and Vitamin B<inf>2</inf> and Anti-ntrient composition (phytate, oxalate and Tannins). The percentage moisture ranges between 4.28% for baobab leaves to 12.78% in sesame leaves. Legumes contained higher protein contents, the highest was observed in legumes (ground nut) with 25.40% the percentage for fat and carbohydrates were higher in legumes than in vegetables. Zinc was higher in vegetables (senna leaves and sesame leaves) (5.90 mg/kg) and was absent in one of the legumes (cowpea, red). Lead was only detected in vegetable leaves. It was higher in Sesame leaves with 2.0 mg/kg, lead was not detected in all the other sample used for this research. Vitamin A was only detected in vegetable samples and some legume (cowpea), the values ranges between 7.46 to 37.42 μg/100 g in senna leaves and cowpea (red) respectively. Vitamin C was not detected in the vegetable samples, but was detected in legume samples. Vitamin B<inf>1</inf> is higher in vegetable samples (baobab) with 1.32 mg/100 g. Riboflavin (B<inf>2</inf>) was higher in sesame leaves with 1.01 mg/100 g. The values for phytate ranges between 0.03 mg/100 g in baobab and sesame leaves condiment sample to 5.33 mg/100 g in legume (cowpea, red) respectively. Legumes and vegetables investigated revealed that the anti-nutrient contents were very high especially Oxalate and tannins but lower in phytate. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2015.	Anti-nutrient; Legumes; Mineral elements; Proximate composition; Vegetables; Vitamins	Carbohydrates; Flavonoids; Lead; Manganese; Minerals; Moisture; Nutrients; Oxalic acid; Proteins; Tannins; Vitamins; Zinc; Anti-nutritional; Legumes; Mineral element; Nutrient contents; Nutritional evaluations; Protein contents; Proximate compositions; Vegetable samples; Vegetables	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84935090382	Evaluation of antimicrobial potential of a galactose-specific lectin in the skin mucus of african catfish (clarias gariepinus, burchell, 1822) against some aquatic microorganisms	Olayemi O.O., Adenike K., Ayinde A.D.	2015	Research Journal of Microbiology	10	4	10.3923/jm.2015.132.144	Department of Biochemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria; Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria	Olayemi, O.O., Department of Biochemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria; Adenike, K., Department of Biochemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria; Ayinde, A.D., Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria	A galactose-specific lectin purified from the skin mucus of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) was tested for antimicrobial activities against microbial pathogens isolated from the catfish pond water with a view to examining the involvement of the protein in the host defense mechanism. Standard methods of microbial isolation and identification were employed and disc-diffusion method was used for the anti-microbial assay. Anti-microbial evaluation of standard antibiotics ampicillin and nystatin were used as comparative study. The microbial load of the fish pond water was high, with highest total bacterial count of 7.1×10<inf>8</inf> CFU mL-1 and fungal count of 6.7×103 CFU mL-1. Twelve bacterial species and 14 fungi species were isolated and identified from the pond water. The lectin specifically agglutinated different Gram-negative bacteria, such as Aeromonas hydrophila, Alcaligenes faecalis, Klebsiella edwardsii and Vibrio metschnikovii but had no effect on Gram-positive bacteria. It inhibited strongly the growth of A. hydrophila, A. faecalis, Bacillus cereus, B. polymyxa, K. pneumoniae, K. edwardsii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and V. metschnikovii. In the same manner, the lectin inhibited the mycelia growth of yeast, Kluyveromyces marxianus and a phytopathogenic fungus, Fusarium oxysporum. The ability of skin mucus lectin to agglutinate and inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi will make available effective defense mechanism for the African catfish against invading microbes. © 2015 Academic Journals Inc.	African catfish; Agglutination; Antimicrobial; Lectin; Pathogens; Skin mucus	Aeromonas hydrophila; Alcaligenes faecalis; Bacillus cereus; Bacteria (microorganisms); Clarias gariepinus; Fungi; Fusarium oxysporum; Klebsiella; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Kluyveromyces marxianus; Negibacteria; Polymyxa; Posibacteria; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Vibrio metschnikovii	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34250658557	Evaluation of the phytoestrogenic activity of Cyclopia genistoides (honeybush) methanol extracts and relevant polyphenols	Verhoog N.J.D., Joubert E., Louw A.	2007	Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry	55	11	10.1021/jf063588n	Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa	Verhoog, N.J.D., Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; Joubert, E., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa, Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; Louw, A., Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa	Unfermented C. genistoides methanol extracts of different harvestings and selected polyphenols were evaluated for phytoestrogenic activity by comparing binding to both ER subtypes, transactivation of an ERE-containing promoter reporter, proliferation of MCF-7-BUS and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, and binding to SHBG. The extracts from one harvesting of C. genistoides (P104) bound to both ER subtypes. All extracts transactivated ERE-containing promoter reporters via ERβ but not via ERα. All extracts, except P122, caused proliferation of the estrogen-sensitive MCF-7-BUS cells. Proliferation of MCF-7-BUS cells was ER-dependent as ICI 182,780 reversed proliferation. Physiologically more relevant, extracts antagonized E2-induced MCF-7-BUS cell proliferation. Furthermore, all extracts, except P122, induced proliferation of the estrogen-insensitive MDA-MB-231 cells, suggesting that the extracts are able to induce ER-dependent and ER-independent cell proliferation. Binding to SHBG by extracts was also demonstrated. These results clearly show that C. genistoides methanol extracts display phytoestrogenic activity and act predominantly via ERβ. HPLC and LC-MS analysis, however, suggests that the observed phytoestrogenic activity cannot be ascribed to polyphenols known to be present in other Cyclopia species. © 2007 American Chemical Society.	Cyclopia genistoides; ERα; ERβ; Honeybush; MCF-7-BUS cell proliferation; MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation; Phytoestrogens; SHBG	estrogen receptor alpha; estrogen receptor beta; flavonoid; phenol derivative; phytoestrogen; plant extract; polyphenols; unclassified drug; animal; article; cell strain COS1; Cercopithecus; chemistry; legume; physiology; Animals; Cercopithecus aethiops; COS Cells; Estrogen Receptor alpha; Estrogen Receptor beta; Fabaceae; Flavonoids; Phenols; Phytoestrogens; Plant Extracts; Cyclopia genistoides	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84915819117	Variation in pantothenate kinase type determines the pantothenamide mode of action and impacts on coenzyme A salvage biosynthesis	De Villiers M., Barnard L., Koekemoer L., Snoep J.L., Strauss E.	2014	FEBS Journal	281	20	10.1111/febs.13013	Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	De Villiers, M., Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Barnard, L., Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Koekemoer, L., Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Snoep, J.L., Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Strauss, E., Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	N-substituted pantothenamides are analogues of pantothenic acid, the vitamin precursor of CoA, and constitute a class of well-studied bacterial growth inhibitors that show potential as new antibacterial agents. Previous studies have highlighted the importance of pantothenate kinase (PanK; EC 2.7.1.33) (the first enzyme of CoA biosynthesis) in mediating pantothenamide- induced growth inhibition by one of two proposed mechanisms: first, by acting on the pantothenamides as alternate substrates (allowing their conversion into CoA antimetabolites, with subsequent effects on CoA- and acyl carrier protein-dependent processes) or, second, by being directly inhibited by them (causing a reduction in CoA biosynthesis). In the present study we used structurally modified pantothenamides to probe whether PanKs interact with these compounds in the same manner. We show that the three distinct types of eubacterial PanKs that are known to exist (PanKI, PanKII and PanKIII) respond very differently and, consequently, are responsible for determining the pantothenamide mode of action in each case: although the promiscuous PanKI enzymes accept them as substrates, the highly selective PanKIIIs are resistant to their inhibitory effects. Most unexpectedly, Staphylococcus aureus PanK (the only known example of a bacterial PanKII) experiences uncompetitive inhibition in a manner that is described for the first time. In addition, we show that pantetheine, a CoA degradation product that closely resembles the pantothenamides, causes the same effect. This suggests that, in S. aureus, pantothenamides may act by usurping a previously unknown role of pantetheine in the regulation of CoA biosynthesis, and validates its PanK as a target for the development of new antistaphylococcal agents. © 2014 FEBS.	Coenzyme A; Growth inhibition; Pantetheine; Pantothenamide; Pantothenate kinase	acyl carrier protein; coenzyme A; growth inhibitor; pantetheine; pantothenamide; pantothenate kinase; pantothenate kinase 1; pantothenate kinase 2; pantothenate kinase 3; unclassified drug; amide; antiinfective agent; coenzyme A; isoenzyme; pantothenate kinase; pantothenic acid; phosphotransferase; vitamin B complex; Article; bacterial cell; binding affinity; concentration response; drug design; drug determination; drug mechanism; drug screening; drug structure; drug synthesis; enzyme mechanism; enzyme substrate; enzyme synthesis; Escherichia coli; growth inhibition; inhibition kinetics; minimum inhibitory concentration; molecular probe; nonhuman; protein protein interaction; Staphylococcus aureus; structure activity relation; structure analysis; binding site; chemical structure; drug effects; enzymology; growth, development and aging; kinetics; metabolism; Amides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Binding Sites; Coenzyme A; Drug Design; Isoenzymes; Kinetics; Molecular Structure; Pantothenic Acid; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); Staphylococcus aureus; Vitamin B Complex; Bacteria (microorganisms); Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939994772	Kolaviron, a Garcinia kola Biflavonoid Complex, Protects Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Pertinent Mechanistic Insights from Biochemical and Physical Evaluations in Rat Brain	Akinmoladun A.C., Akinrinola B.L., Olaleye M.T., Farombi E.O.	2015	Neurochemical Research	40	4	10.1007/s11064-015-1527-z	Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, School of Sciences, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ciencias Biologicas-biofisica, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chag	Akinmoladun, A.C., Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, School of Sciences, Akure, Nigeria, Ciencias Biologicas-biofisica, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Bloco G, Cidade Universitaria, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Akinrinola, B.L., Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, School of Sciences, Akure, Nigeria; Olaleye, M.T., Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, School of Sciences, Akure, Nigeria; Farombi, E.O., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The pathophysiology of stroke is characterized by biochemical and physical alterations in the brain. Modulation of such aberrations by therapeutic agents affords insights into their mechanism of action. Incontrovertible evidences that oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of neurologic disorders have brought antioxidative compounds, especially plant phytochemicals, under increasing focus as potential remedies for the prevention and management of neurodegenerative diseases. Kolaviron, a biflavonoid complex isolated from Garciniakola Heckel (Guttiferae) was evaluated for neuroprotectivity in brains of male Wistar rats submitted to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion-induced global ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R). Animals were divided into six groups: sham treated, vehicle (I/R), 50 mg/kg kolaviron + I/R, 100 mg/kg kolaviron + I/R, 200 mg/kg kolaviron + I/R and quercetin (20 mg/kg i.p.) + I/R. The common carotid arteries were occluded for 30 min followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Relative brain weight and brain water content were determined and oxidative stress and neurochemical markers were also evaluated. I/R caused significant decreases in glutathione level and the activities of enzymic antioxidants, the sodium pump and acetylcholinesterase while significant increases were recorded in relative brain weight, brain water content, lipid peroxidation and the activities of glutamine synthetase and myeloperoxidase. There was a remarkable ablation of I/R induced oxidative stress, neurochemical aberrations and brain edema in animals pretreated with kolaviron. The results suggested that the protection afforded by kolaviron probably involved regulation of redox and electrolyte homeostasis as well as anti-inflammatory and antiexcitotoxic mechanisms. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Global cerebral ischemia; Kolaviron; Neuroprotection; Phytochemicals; Stroke	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79251521079	Evaluation of phytochemicals and antioxidants of four botanicals with antihypertensive properties	Asaolu M.F., Asaolu S.S., Adanlawo I.G.	2010	International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences	1	2	None	Department of Biochemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Asaolu, M.F., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Asaolu, S.S., Department of Chemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Adanlawo, I.G., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Evaluation of phytochemicals and antioxidants levels were conducted in the dry leaves of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Vernonia amygdalina, Carica papaya, Persea americana and Cnidosculous aconitifolius. Methanolic extract was found to contain the highest value for sterols, tannin, saponin, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, phlobatannins, anthraquinones, triterpenes and cardiac glycosides. However, oxalate and phytate were absent in both aqueous and methanolic extracts. The results also showed that leave extracts of these plants are good sources of antioxidants as revealed by the presence of these antioxidants in these plant but with highest values in the methanolic extract. Conclusively, the presence of some of these phytochemicals and antioxidants explained the hypotensive action of these plants in cardiovascular diseases.	Antioxidants; Aqueous; Extracts; Methanolic; Phytochemicals	alkaloid; alpha tocopherol; anthraquinone derivative; antihypertensive agent; antioxidant; ascorbic acid; cardiac glycoside; Carica papaya extract; carotene; catalase; Cnidoscolous aconitifolius extract; flavonoid; glutathione peroxidase; methanol; oxalic acid; Persea americana extract; phenol derivative; phlobatannin; phytate; phytosterol; plant extract; saponin; sterol; tannin; tannin derivative; triterpene; unclassified drug; Vernonia amygdalina extract; antihypertensive activity; antioxidant activity; article; avocado; biocatalysis; cardiovascular disease; Cnidoscolous aconitifolius; concentration (parameters); controlled study; drug determination; drug screening; enzyme activity; oxidative stress; papaya; phytochemistry; plant leaf; shrub; Vernonia; vernonia amygdalina	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350139048	Microbial evaluation and deterioration of paints and paint-products	Obidi O.F., Aboaba O.O., Makanjuola M.S., Nwachukwu S.C.U.	2009	Journal of Environmental Biology	30	5 SUPPL.	None	Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Lagos, 11001, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Lagos, 11001, Nigeria	Obidi, O.F., Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Lagos, 11001, Nigeria; Aboaba, O.O., Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Lagos, 11001, Nigeria; Makanjuola, M.S., Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Lagos, 11001, Nigeria; Nwachukwu, S.C.U., Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Lagos, 11001, Nigeria	The microbial quality of materials and final products of a reputable paint industry in Lagos area were analysed. The bacterial contaminants isolated in the paint-products included Bacillus brevis, B. polymyxa, B. laterosporus, Lactobacillus gasseri, L. brevis, Esherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. The fungal contaminants detected in the paints were mainly Aspergillus niger, A. flavus and Penicillium citrinum. The microbial populations in the raw materials ranged from 1.0 × 106 - 9.5 × 106 cfu g -1 for bacteria and between 1.25 × 104 and 6.8 × 104 cfu g-1 for fungi while those present in packaging materials ranged from 3.45 × 106 - 7.65 × 106 cfu g-1 for bacteria and 2.4 × 103 - 2.8 × 103 cfu g-1 for fungi respectively. The bacterial populationsin the fresh paint samples monitored every two weeks from the time of production ranged from 1.6 × 101 - 4.7 × 105 cfu ml-1 while the fungal populations ranged from 1.0 × 101 - 5.5 × 103 cfu ml-1 over a ten-month study period. The optical density at 600 nm increased while transmittance, pH, specific gravity and viscosity of the paint samples decreased over the period suggesting gradual deterioration of the aesthetic qualities of the paint-products with time as indicated by the measured parameters. © Triveni Enterprises.	Aesthetic qualities; Contaminants; Deterioration; Paints	paint; bacterium; biomonitoring; fungus; microbial activity; packaging waste; pollution monitoring; transmittance; viscosity; article; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus niger; bacterium contamination; Brevibacillus brevis; controlled study; Escherichia coli; fungal contamination; gravity; Lactobacillus brevis; Lactobacillus gasseri; nonhuman; optical density; Paenibacillus polymyxa; paint industry; Penicillium citrinum; pH measurement; Proteus mirabilis; viscosity; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus niger; Bacteria; Colony Count, Microbial; Equipment Contamination; Paint; Penicillium; Aspergillus niger; Bacteria (microorganisms); Brevibacillus brevis; Fungi; Lactobacillus gasseri; Penicillium citrinum; Polymyxa; Proteus mirabilis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79251520952	Evaluation of in-vitro antioxidant activities of methanol extracts of Persea americana and Cnidosculus aconitifolius	Asaolu M.F., Asaolu S.S., Fakunle J.B., Emman-Okon B.O., Ajayi E.O., Togun R.A.	2010	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	9	11	10.3923/pjn.2010.1074.1077	Department of Biochemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ado- Ekiti, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University, lle-lfe, Nigeria; Depar	Asaolu, M.F., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ado- Ekiti, Nigeria; Asaolu, S.S., Department of Chemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Fakunle, J.B., Department of Chemical Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University, lle-lfe, Nigeria; Emman-Okon, B.O., Department of Chemical Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University, lle-lfe, Nigeria; Ajayi, E.O., Department of Chemical Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University, lle-lfe, Nigeria; Togun, R.A., Department of Heamatology and Immunology, Obafemi Awolowo University, lle-lfe, Nigeria	The present study was undertaken to investigate the antioxidant activities of Persea americana and Cnidosculous aconitifolius. The in-vitro antioxidant activity of the methanol extracts of the leaves of Persea americana and Cnidosculous aconitifolius was evaluated using various experimental methods such as 1,1- diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide and reducing power radical- scavenging activity assay. Phytochemical screening as well as the amounts of total phenol and flavonoids were also determined. The present study revealed that both the methanol extracts of the leaves of Persea americana and Cni dosculous aconitifolius possess significant antioxidant activities. However, Persea americana was found to have higher radical scavenging activity than Cnidosculous aconitifolius but the phenol content of Cnidosculous aconitifolius was higher than that of Persea americana whereas Persea americana was observed to possess more flavonoids than Cnidosculous aconitifolius. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Antioxidant activities; Methanol extracts; Phytochemical screening; Radical-scavenging activity	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; alkaloid; anthraquinone derivative; antioxidant; ascorbic acid; cardenolide derivative; Cnidosculous aconitifolius extract; flavonoid; glycoside; nitric oxide; Persea americana extract; phenol; phlobatannin derivative; plant extract; quercetin; saponin derivative; steroid; tannin derivative; triterpene derivative; unclassified drug; antioxidant activity; article; avocado; Cnidosculous aconitifolius; controlled study; drug isolation; drug screening; enzyme inhibition; in vitro study; medicinal plant; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant leaf; scavenging system; Cnidosculus; Persea americana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952023737	Evaluation of elements in the pathogenesis of hypertension in Nigerians	Asaolu M.F., Asaolu S.S., Fakunle J.B., Emman-Okon B.O., Afolabi A.O., Ajayi E.O., Togun R.A.	2010	International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research	4	2	None	Department of Biochemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, PMB 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, PMB 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department o	Asaolu, M.F., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, PMB 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Asaolu, S.S., Department of Chemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, PMB 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Fakunle, J.B., Department of Chemical Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Emman-Okon, B.O., Department of Chemical Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Afolabi, A.O., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, PMB 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Ajayi, E.O., Department of Chemical Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Togun, R.A., Department of Heamatology and Immunology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria	Serum micro and macro elements play a significant role in the regulation of blood pressure. The aim of the study is to investigate the role of these elements in hypertension. The study involved 90 newly diagnosed hypertensive patients and 30 healthy subjects who served as controls. Determinations of elements K, Na, Fe, Mg, Mn, Cu, Pb, Co, Cr, Ca, Al, Cd, and Ar were performed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Our results show higher values of Na, Fe, the toxic elements such as Pb, Co, Al, Ar, Cd, and Cr and lower levels of K, Mg, Mn, Cu, and Ca for hypertensive patients in comparison with normal healthy controls. Although, it seemed very unlikely that mineral deficiencies per se could be the cause of hypertension, their contribution is suspected.	Blood pressure; Deficiencies; Hypertension; Macro elements; Micro elements	aluminum; arsenic; cadmium; calcium; chromium; cobalt; copper; iron; lead; magnesium; manganese; potassium; sodium; trace element; article; atomic absorption spectrometry; controlled study; human; hypertension; major clinical study; mineral blood level; mineral deficiency; Nigeria; pathogenesis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-26644440930	Evaluation of lead and cadmium levels in some commonly consumed vegetables in the Niger-Delta oil area of Nigeria	Eriyamremu G.E., Asagba S.O., Akpoborie I.A., Ojeaburu S.I.	2005	Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology	75	2	10.1007/s00128-005-0749-1	Department of Biochemistry, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin-City, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Department of Geology, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Delta State, Ni	Eriyamremu, G.E., Department of Biochemistry, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin-City, Nigeria; Asagba, S.O., Department of Biochemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Akpoborie, I.A., Department of Geology, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Ojeaburu, S.I., Department of Biochemistry, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin-City, Nigeria	[No abstract available]	None	cadmium; lead; rain; article; contamination; human; industrial area; Nigeria; pollutant; pollution; safety; soil; vegetable; Cadmium; Food Contamination; Lead; Nigeria; Vegetables	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547828088	Storage stability and sensory evaluation of taro chips fried in palm oil, palm olein oil, groundnut oil, soybean oil and their blends	Emmanuel-Ikpeme C.A., Eneji C.A., Esslet U.	2007	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	6	6	None	Department of Biochemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria	Emmanuel-Ikpeme, C.A., Department of Biochemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Eneji, C.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Esslet, U., Department of Biochemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria	Taro (Colocasia esculenta) chips fried in Palm Oil (PO), Soybean Oil (SBO), Palm Olein Oil (POO), Groundnut Oil (GO) and in 40:60 w/w blend ratio of palm oil: POO; SBO; GO were stored for 0-5 weeks in dark and in fluorescent light. Chips were subjected to weekly chemical and sensory analysis. Results showed that significant (p<0.05) differences occurred in the organoleptic properties of taro chips fried in the different oil types during storage. Chips fried in palm oil and groundnut oil blend had the most desired flavour, taste and stability. The highest off-flavour rating was for chips fried in soybean oil while chips fried in palm oil: groundnut oil blend had the least rating (p<0.05). The overall acceptability of chips was not significantly (p>0.05) affected by dark storage. Peroxide Value (PV) was highest in soybean oil fried chips (p>0.05) during storage. Peroxide Value (PV) increased at a slower rate in chips fried in palm oil, palm olein oil/blends. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007.	Blend oils; Stability; Storage; Taro chips	arachis oil; palm oil; peroxide; soybean oil; article; chemical analysis; controlled study; darkness; flavor; fluorescent lighting; food storage; frying; organoleptic property; sensory analysis; taste; yam; Colocasia esculenta; Elaeis; Glycine max	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865291371	Can floral traits predict an invasive plant's impact on native plant-pollinator communities?	Gibson M.R., Richardson D.M., Pauw A.	2012	Journal of Ecology	100	5	10.1111/j.1365-2745.2012.02004.x	Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, 7602, Matieland, South Africa; Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, 7602, Matieland, South Africa	Gibson, M.R., Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, 7602, Matieland, South Africa; Richardson, D.M., Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, 7602, Matieland, South Africa; Pauw, A., Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, 7602, Matieland, South Africa	The possession of certain floral traits can determine which insects visit a plant species. If two species possess similar floral traits that determine shared flower visitors, floral traits can be said to mediate plant-plant interactions. Such indirect interactions are important for understanding fundamental relationships of plant communities, such as competition and facilitation but thus far have only been tested within a native community context. We test whether floral-trait similarity can be used to predict interactions between an invasive plant and co-occurring native species in South Africa's Cape Floristic Region. We surveyed flower visitation at invaded and uninvaded plots across four sites and correlated floral-trait similarity between invasive and native species with both invasion impact on native flower visitation and flower visitor overlap of natives and the invasive species. Similarity of all traits (categorical and continuous) and categorical traits alone explained invasion impact (flower visitor overlap) between the native and invasive species. The majority of flower visitor overlap was attributed to the native honeybee Apis mellifera subsp. capensis. This study is the first to show that floral traits can be used to predict novel plant-plant interactions, even amongst ecologically generalized flower visitors and plants and to predict potential impacts of an invasive species on native flowering communities. However, floral traits were not useful for predicting changes in visitation to plant species. Synthesis. Results advance our understanding of the role of plant traits in ecological communities and reveal that they are important in mediating not only plant-pollinator interactions but also plant-plant interactions. Our findings also shed light on invasive-native plant interactions via pollinators and have the potential to predict certain invasion impacts. Results advance our understanding of the role of plant traits in ecological communities and reveal that they are important in mediating not only plant-pollinator interactions but also plant-plant interactions. Our findings also shed light on invasive-native plant interactions via pollinators and have the potential to predict certain invasion impacts. © 2012 British Ecological Society.	Acacia saligna; Biological invasions; Flower morphology; Fynbos; Generalist; Honeybee; Invasion ecology; Plant-insect interactions; Plant-plant interactions; Pollination syndromes	coexistence; community structure; competition (ecology); flower visiting; generalist; honeybee; intraspecific interaction; invasive species; morphology; native species; plant community; plant-pollinator interaction; pollination; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350513280	Physicochemical properties of the oil from the fruit of blighia sapida and toxicological evaluation of the oil-based diet in wistar rats	Oladiji A.T., Shoremekun K.L., Yakubu M.T.	2009	Journal of Medicinal Food	12	5	10.1089/jmf.2008.0219	Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Oladiji, A.T., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Shoremekun, K.L., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Yakubu, M.T., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	The physicochemical properties of the oil from the fruit of Blighia sapida and the toxicological effect of the oil-based diet on some biochemical parameters of selected rat tissues and serum were studied. The smoke, flash, and fire points as well as peroxide, iodine, and acid values of the fruit oil were significantly lower (P<.05), whereas the specific gravity, relative density, saponification, and ester values compared well with soybean oil. The fruit oil yield was 20.02%. The oil consisted of 22.22% saturated, 56.43% monounsaturated, and 21.35% polyunsaturated fatty acids. It is richer than soybean oil in behenic, palmitoleic, oleic, gadoleic, erucic, and 9,12-eicosanoic acids by 15.70%, 0.89%, 7.22%, 12.05%, 8.27%, and 21.35%, respectively. The liver- and kidney-body weight ratios as well as the serum concentrations of cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol of the rats maintained on diet formulated with the oil from the fruit of B. sapida increased significantly (P<.05), but the triglyceride and atherogenic index decreased (P<.05). The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and the heart-body weight ratio of the rats fed with the fruit oil diet compared well (P>.05) with those on soybean oil-based diet. Animals fed with the fruit oil-based diet had their activities of liver glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase as well as alkaline phosphatase activities of the liver and kidney decreased with corresponding increase in the serum enzymes. These results suggest that oil from B. sapida fruit could be edible and may be explored as raw materials in the paint, margarine, and soap industries. The oil is also unlikely to predispose the animals to cardiovascular risk, but may labilize the plasma membrane of the hepatocytes and nephrons. It may also have a negative effect on the metabolism and regulation of amino acid in the animals. Therefore, the oil from B. sapida fruit may not be completely safe for consumption. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.	Atherogenesis; Blighia sapida fruit oil; Cardiovascular risk; Hepatocytes; Labilization; Nephrons; Physicochemical properties; Plasma membrane; Soybean oil; Toxicological effect	alanine aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; aspartate aminotransferase; Blighia sapida oil; ester; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; iodine; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; monounsaturated fatty acid; peroxide; polyunsaturated fatty acid; saturated fatty acid; soybean oil; unclassified drug; vegetable oil; acidity; analytical parameters; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; Blighia; blighia sapida; body weight; cardiovascular risk; cell membrane; cholesterol blood level; controlled study; diet; enzyme activity; enzyme blood level; fruit; kidney; liver; liver cell; nephron; nonhuman; priority journal; rat; relative density; saponification; Wistar rat; Amino Acids; Animals; Atherosclerosis; Biological Markers; Blighia; Diet; Dietary Fats; Fatty Acids; Fruit; Heart; Kidney; Lipids; Liver; Organ Size; Plant Oils; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Animalia; Blighia sapida; Glycine max; Rattus; Rattus norvegicus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649911880	Performance and haematological indices in rats exposed to monocrotophos contamination	Sunmonu T.O., Oloyede O.B.	2010	Human and Experimental Toxicology	29	10	10.1177/0960327110363441	Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Sunmonu, T.O., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Oloyede, O.B., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Monocrotophos is an organophosphate pesticide used in agriculture to control insect pests. Changes in performance and haematological parameters (such as packed cell volume, white blood cells, neutrophils, eosinophils and lymphocytes) were used to assess the effect of the pesticide on rats chronically exposed to 12.5 parts per million (ppm), 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 200 ppm for 10 days, while the control rats were placed on borehole water. Administration of the pesticide to the animals resulted in several physical deteriorations including appearance and agility. A significant reduction (p <.05) was observed in the weight gained by rats while the liver-to-body weight ratio increased significantly (p <.05) as the level of exposure to monocrotophos increased. Whereas packed cell volume, white blood cells and lymphocytes increased significantly (p <.05), neutrophils and eosinophils counts reduced significantly (p <.05) as the concentration of monocrotophos in the drinking water increased. Overall, the data indicated that exposure to monocrotophos portends serious consequences on the performance and haematological parameters of rats. © The Author(s) 2010.	haematology; liver; monocrotophos; performance; pesticide	drinking water; monocrotophos; agility; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; blood sampling; body weight; clinical assessment; contamination; controlled study; deterioration; eosinophil; erythrocyte concentrate; exposure; intoxication; leukocyte; liver; lymphocyte; neutrophil; nonhuman; physical performance; priority journal; rat; water contamination; weight reduction; Administration, Oral; Animals; Blood Cell Count; Drinking; Environmental Monitoring; Erythrocyte Indices; Hematologic Tests; Insecticides; Liver; Lymphocytes; Monocrotophos; Organ Size; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Toxicity Tests, Chronic; Weight Gain; Animalia; Hexapoda; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867597555	Toxicity evaluation of crankcase oil in rats	Arise R.O., Tella A.C., Akintola A.A., Akiode S.O., Malomo S.O.	2012	EXCLI Journal	11	None	None	Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Arise, R.O., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Tella, A.C., Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Akintola, A.A., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Akiode, S.O., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Malomo, S.O., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of crankcase oil on the cellular and functional integrity of rat skin. Thirty (30) rats were randomly grouped into six viz groups A-F. Group A (base-line control) received 2 ml of distilled water. 2.5 %, 5.0 %, 7.5 %, and 10.0 % v/v of the crankcase oil were prepared using unused oil as solvent and 2 ml of the concentrations were topically administered to groups C-F respectively for seven consecutive days. Group B served as positive control and received 2 ml of the unused oil. The rats were sacrificed 24 hours after the last administration, and blood and part of the skin were collected. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde level in the blood and skin samples collected were evaluated. Elemental analysis of the crankcase oil was also carried out. The result revealed high lead, iron and chromium levels. Blood lead concentration of rats was significantly (P<0.05) high after seven days of administration. ALP level in skin and serum increased significantly (P<0.05) with the concentration of crankcase oil. There was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in skin ACP activity while it increased significantly (P<0.05) in the serum. Similar results were observed in the SOD levels of the serum and the skin. The level increased significantly (P<0.05) in groups D-F when compared with controls. The MDA concentration of both serum and skin were significantly (P<0.05) elevated. This suggests toxic potential of used lubricating oil and its potential predisposition to cancer.	Cancer; Crankcase oil; Malondialdehyde; Superoxide dismutase	acid phosphatase; alkaline phosphatase; chromium; crankase oil; fuel oil; iron; lead; malonaldehyde; superoxide dismutase; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; blood sampling; concentration (parameters); controlled study; cytotoxicity; enzyme activity; enzyme assay; enzyme blood level; female; molecular dynamics; nonhuman; rat; skin examination; skin toxicity; toxicity testing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76749165704	Toxicological evaluation of Tetracarpidium conophorum nut oil-based diet in rats	Oladiji A.T., Abodunrin T.P., Yakubu M.T.	2010	Food and Chemical Toxicology	48	3	10.1016/j.fct.2009.12.030	Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria	Oladiji, A.T., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Abodunrin, T.P., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Yakubu, M.T., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria	The effects of Tetracarpidium conophorum nut oil-based diet on the growth performance and some biochemical constituents of rat tissues was investigated following a feeding period of 6 weeks. The results revealed that the volume of water taken, the amount of feed consumed and the weight gained by the animals maintained on the nut oil-based diet were not significantly (P > 0.05) different from those fed on soybean oil-based diet. The reduction in the activities of ALP, GOT and GPT in the liver and heart of animals fed on the nut oil-based diet was accompanied by increase in the serum enzymes. The nut oil-based diet significantly reduced (P < 0.05) serum concentrations of total cholesterol and HDL-C whereas triglycerides and atherogenic index increased. The serum LDL-C level of the nut oil-based diet fed animals compared well with those of soybean oil-based diet. These alterations suggested that adverse effects have occurred, possibly by altered membrane permeability of the hepatocytes and cardiac cells. Similar alterations in the serum lipids of animals maintained on nut oil-based diet also portends cardiovascular risk. Although, T. conophorum nut oil did not adversely affect growth performance and the feeding appetite of the animals, it is not completely 'safe' for consumption. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	'Marker' enzymes; Cardiovascular risk; Growth performance; Serum lipids; Soybean oil; Tetracarpidium conophorum	alanine aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; aspartate aminotransferase; cholesterol; edible oil; high density lipoprotein; low density lipoprotein; soybean oil; triacylglycerol; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; atherogenic diet; biochemical composition; cell membrane permeability; cholesterol blood level; concentration (parameters); controlled study; diet supplementation; enzyme activity; enzyme blood level; feeding; female; fluid intake; food analysis; food safety; heart; lipid blood level; liver; male; nonhuman; nut; rat; Tetracarpidium conophorum; tissue growth; toxicity testing; weight gain; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diet; Eating; Euphorbiaceae; Female; Indicators and Reagents; Male; Nigeria; Nuts; Plant Oils; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Soybeans; Triglycerides; Animalia; Glycine max; Rattus; Tetracarpidium conophorum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77958082292	Evaluation of growth characteristics and haematological indices of broiler-chicks fed raw and processed bambara groundnut seed as a component of poultry feed	Oloyede O.B., Minari J.B., Muhammad N.O.	2010	International Journal of Poultry Science	9	7	None	Department of Biochemistry, University of llorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji-Arakeji, Osun State, Nigeria	Oloyede, O.B., Department of Biochemistry, University of llorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Minari, J.B., Department of Biochemistry, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji-Arakeji, Osun State, Nigeria; Muhammad, N.O., Department of Biochemistry, University of llorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Sixty broiler chicks (day-old) were used in a 4-week feeding experiment to assess the growth response and heamatological variables of broilers-chicks fed raw, roasted and fermented bambara groundnut as a sole source of protein. Soybean based diet served as the control. There were four (4) experimental groups, each made up of five birds in three replicates, allocated to the experimental diets. The results showed that the average final live weight, average weekly weight gain and average feed intake of birds fed fermented bambara groundnut performed better than birds fed roasted bambara groundnut but demonstrated inferiority when compared to the control. Among other organs measured the relative weight of gizzard were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by the dietary treatment. Protein quality as revealed by the haematological parameters, like Haemoglobin (Hb), Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and Red Blood Cell (RBC) levels indicated that fermented based diet fed to the birds performed better than but demonstrated inferiority when compare with the soybean based diet. However, the results showed that raw bambara groundnut based diet has a high protein quality when compared with the control diet. The use of bambara groundnut therefore in the feeding of broilers in the developing countries if properly harnessed and processed can make poultry production affordable. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Bambara groundnut; Haematological indices; Protein quality	Arachis hypogaea; Aves; Bambara; Glycine max	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864859953	Impact-based cost-benefit analysis model for management of crude oil contaminated agricultural soil	Ogugua V.N., Egolum C.C., Onyike N.B., Onwurah I.N.E.	2012	International Journal of Environment and Waste Management	10	03-Feb	10.1504/IJEWM.2012.048373	Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, Nigeria; Department of Estate Management, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Anambra State, Nigeria; Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Abia State University, Abia State, Nigeria; Polluti	Ogugua, V.N., Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, Nigeria; Egolum, C.C., Department of Estate Management, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Anambra State, Nigeria; Onyike, N.B., Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Abia State University, Abia State, Nigeria; Onwurah, I.N.E., Pollution Control and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, Nigeria	Evaluating the compensation payable to farmers whose farms/farmlands have been rendered unproductive due to oil spill requires adequate scientific research and improved decision-making. This work proposes a bacterial-based mathematical framework as a decision-support system for evaluating crude oil spill impact on agricultural soil. The rate of 'in situ' biodegradation of the crude oil predicts the half-life of the spilled crude oil in the soil ecosystem while the inherent toxicity of the spilled oil provided the impact value (E), which was integrated into a version of Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) model referred to as Impact-Based Cost-Benefit Analysis (IBCBA) that can be used for computing the adequate compensation payable. Scientific research initiatives that may engender integrated management of crude oil-contaminated agricultural soil are highlighted. © 2012 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	Adaptive management; Biodegradation rate; Oil-polluted soil; Valuation	Adaptive Management; Agricultural soils; Analysis models; Biodegradation rate; Impact value; In-situ; Integrated management; Mathematical frameworks; Scientific researches; Agriculture; Biodegradation; Cost effectiveness; Crude oil; Decision support systems; Microbiology; Oil spills; Resource valuation; Soil pollution; Soils; Solid wastes; Waste management; Geologic models	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77958455506	Impact of soluble metal salts and crude oil contaminants on water retention capacity of soil and protein content of Zea mays	Ezeonu C.S.	2010	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	9	5	None	Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria	Ezeonu, C.S., Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria	This study seek to maintain what is observable in a real environmental deteriorative field involving medium to large scale of metal salts applicable when in excess in an agricultural land as well as spillage of crude oil. Specifically, calculated quantities of soluble metal salts and crude oil were used in the contamination of a given quantity of soil microcosm consisting of 8 grams per group, and certain biotic and abiotic components (protein content and percentage water retention capacity) investigated after duplication of each soil microcosm. The study groups include: unspiked soil (Control A), spiked soil (Control B) as well as treatments of 5, 10 and 20% w/w (Petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC)/soil).The result of the study was quite informative, illustrating the fact that crude oil reduces the amount of protein produced in Zea mays. The spiked soil also showed that soluble metal salt when in excess can reduce the amount of protein produced in Zea mays although not as much as crude oil. Crude oil contamination also increased the percentage of water retained in the soil more than soils containing spike metal salts. The unspiked soil had the highest protein production in Zea mays and the least percentage water retaining ability.	Contaminated soil; Controls; Crude oil; Experimental groups; Percentage water retention; Petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC); Protein content; Soluble metal salts; Spiked soil; Unspiked soil	Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864055957	In vitro evaluation of the essential oil extract of six plant species and ivermectin on the microfilaria larva of Simulium yahense	Ebigwai J.K., Ilondu E.M., Markson A., Ekeleme E.	2012	Research Journal of Medicinal Plant	6	6	10.3923/rjmp.2012.461.465	Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Ebigwai, J.K., Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ilondu, E.M., Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Markson, A., Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ekeleme, E., Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	A comparative laboratory bio as say of the essential oil extracts of M. koenigii (seed), Citrus paradisi (seed) and the leaves, stem barks and roots of Alstonia boonei, Alternanthera repens, Eclipta prostrata and Rothmannia longiflora and their combination were compared with ivermectin against the third infectious microfilaria larva of Simulium yahense. Bioassay test showed remarkable larvicidal properties for ivermectin and the plant species under study as they could induce significant mortalities at low and varying concentrations in the larva of S. yahense. The LC50 and LC90 values estimated for M. koenigii, Citrus paradisi, Alstonia boonei, Alternanthera repens, Eclipta prostrata, Rothmannia longiflora, their combination and ivermectin are 5.75 and 13.18, 8.38 and 15.49, 3.02 and 15.49, 2.472 and 9.33, 2.87 and 12.88, 2.93 and 13.49, 2.61 and 3.16 and 2.43 and 5.37 ppm, respectively. The study revealed that ivermectin and the combination of the plant extracts could induce 100% mortality of the larva at a dose dependent response. © 2012 Academic Journals Inc.	Combination; Essential oil extracts; Ivermectin; Onchocerciasis; Simulium yahense	Alstonia boonei essential oil; Alternanthera repens essential oil; Citrus paradisi essential oil; Eclipta prostata essential oil; essential oil; ivermectin; larvicidal agent; Murraya koenigii essential oil; Rothmannia longiflora essential oil; unclassified drug; Alstonia; alstonia boonei; Alternanthera repens; article; bark; concentration response; controlled study; drug concentration; Eclipta; Eclipta prostata; grapefruit; in vitro study; LC 50; LC 90; medicinal plant; microfilaria (nematode larva); Murraya koenigii; nonhuman; plant leaf; plant root; plant seed; plant stem; Rothmannia longiflora; Simulium; simulium yahense; Alstonia boonei; Alternanthera pungens; Citrus x paradisi; Eclipta prostrata; Rothmannia longiflora; Simulium yahense	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951795860	Evaluation and decontamination of crude Oil-Polluted Soils using centrosema pubescen benth and Amendment-support Options	Nwaichi E.O., Osuji L.C., Onyeike E.N.	2011	International Journal of Phytoremediation	13	4	10.1080/15226514.2010.495144	Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Rivers State, Nigeria	Nwaichi, E.O., Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Rivers State, Nigeria; Osuji, L.C., Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Rivers State, Nigeria; Onyeike, E.N., Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Rivers State, Nigeria	Growth performance and phytoremediation of soil of the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria artificially-contaminated with crude oil (up to 100 mL/2 kgsoil) using centrosema pubescen Benth was investigated for 12 weeks. The soil samples in which the plants were established were either un-amended, or amended with NPK, or UREA or chicken manure. The extents of removal of PAHs and BTEX were measured as well as the rates of growth of the plants. Gas Chromatographic analysis confirmed the degradation of carcinogenic hydrocarbons like BTEXs and PAHs with this technique. At the highest dose of crude, the contaminant concentrations were 43mg/kg PAHs, 10mg/kg BTEX, and 5,613mg/kg O&G. The greatest percent removal of BTEX was observed at the highest contaminant dose, and with the manure amendment. Similar trends were observed with PAHs and although they were less marked, the trends with PAHs may have been more highly statistically significant. There was no measurable plant uptake of contaminants. Inhibition of plant growth (measured as leaf area, shoot length and production of dry weight) was proportional to the dose of crude oil, but the manure amendment was very effective at reducing the growth inhibition. Interestingly, manure amendment reduced the phytotoxicity significantly in this study. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	Amendments; Growthperformance; Hydrocarbons; Phytoremediation; Phytotoxicity	aromatic hydrocarbon; petroleum; urea; animal; article; bioremediation; drug effect; growth, development and aging; legume; manure; metabolism; Nigeria; plant leaf; soil; soil pollutant; time; Animals; Biodegradation, Environmental; Fabaceae; Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; Manure; Nigeria; Petroleum; Plant Leaves; Soil; Soil Pollutants; Time Factors; Urea; Centrosema	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-31544462587	Assessment of heavy-metal profile of the New Calabar River and its impact on juvenile Clarias gariepinus	Wegwu M.O., Akaninwor J.O.	2006	Chemistry and Biodiversity	3	1	10.1002/cbdv.200690010	Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Wegwu, M.O., Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Akaninwor, J.O., Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	We have determined the heavy-metal status of the lower reaches of the New Calabar River in the Niger Delta region over a 40-km-long distance, and its impact on the development of catfish (juvenile Clarias gariepinus). The total mean concentrations of dissolved trace metals in the river were 0.01, 0.85, 0.56, 2.08, 0.05, 12.0, and 6.59 mg/l for Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, and Zn, respectively. The accumulated concentration of trace metals in the muscles of different mature fish caught from the river were examined, and the results fell within the action levels adopted in most countries. To evaluate the contributions of trace metals to fisheries depletion, eggs of C. gariepinus were hatched in dilution water spiked with the total mean metal levels determined in the river water. Our results indicate substantive inhibition of egg hatch even at very low concentrations of the majority of the trace metals studied, with mortality rates well above 50% after 216 h of exposure (Table 5). These findings suggest that trace metals (except for Zn), even at very low concentrations, negatively affect fish hatch and fry rearing, implying that aquatic milieus contaminated by trace metals are not suitable as nursery grounds for fish cultures. © 2006 Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta.	None	cadmium; chromium; copper; heavy metal; iron; lead; mercury; river water; trace metal; zinc; animal tissue; aquatic environment; article; breeding; catfish; concentration (parameters); controlled study; death; environmental exposure; environmental impact assessment; fishery; geography; hatching; Nigeria; nonhuman; pisciculture; river; tissue distribution; water pollution; Age Factors; Animals; Catfishes; Metals, Heavy; Nigeria; Rivers; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Animalia; Clarias gariepinus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878061027	Impact of Glucocorticoid Receptor Density on Ligand-Independent Dimerization, Cooperative Ligand-Binding and Basal Priming of Transactivation: A Cell Culture Model	Robertson S., Rohwer J.M., Hapgood J.P., Louw A.	2013	PLoS ONE	8	5	10.1371/journal.pone.0064831	Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Robertson, S., Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Rohwer, J.M., Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Hapgood, J.P., Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Louw, A., Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels vary between tissues and individuals and are altered by physiological and pharmacological effectors. However, the effects and implications of differences in GR concentration have not been fully elucidated. Using three statistically different GR concentrations in transiently transfected COS-1 cells, we demonstrate, using co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) and fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET), that high levels of wild type GR (wtGR), but not of dimerization deficient GR (GRdim), display ligand-independent dimerization. Whole-cell saturation ligand-binding experiments furthermore establish that positive cooperative ligand-binding, with a concomitant increased ligand-binding affinity, is facilitated by ligand-independent dimerization at high concentrations of wtGR, but not GRdim. The down-stream consequences of ligand-independent dimerization at high concentrations of wtGR, but not GRdim, are shown to include basal priming of the system as witnessed by ligand-independent transactivation of both a GRE-containing promoter-reporter and the endogenous glucocorticoid (GC)-responsive gene, GILZ, as well as ligand-independent loading of GR onto the GILZ promoter. Pursuant to the basal priming of the system, addition of ligand results in a significantly greater modulation of transactivation potency than would be expected solely from the increase in ligand-binding affinity. Thus ligand-independent dimerization of the GR at high concentrations primes the system, through ligand-independent DNA loading and transactivation, which together with positive cooperative ligand-binding increases the potency of GR agonists and shifts the bio-character of partial GR agonists. Clearly GR-levels are a major factor in determining the sensitivity to GCs and a critical factor regulating transcriptional programs. © 2013 Robertson et al.	None	DNA; glucocorticoid receptor; animal cell; article; binding affinity; cell culture; cell strain COS1; dimerization; downstream processing; fluorescence resonance energy transfer; immunoblotting; immunoprecipitation; ligand binding; nonhuman; promoter region; wild type; Animals; Base Sequence; Cercopithecus aethiops; COS Cells; Dimerization; DNA Primers; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; Genes, Reporter; Ligands; Models, Biological; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Binding; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Receptors, Glucocorticoid; Transcriptional Activation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926144997	Evaluation of selected zimbabwean plant extracts as inhibitors of hematopoietic prostaglandin D<inf>2</inf> synthase	Chimponda T., Mukanganyama S.	2015	Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants	21	3	10.1080/10496475.2014.954073	Department of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Biomolecular Interactions Analyses Group, P.O. Box MP 167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Chimponda, T., Department of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Biomolecular Interactions Analyses Group, P.O. Box MP 167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mukanganyama, S., Department of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Biomolecular Interactions Analyses Group, P.O. Box MP 167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Increased expression of hematopoietic prostaglandin D2 synthase (H-PGDS) is responsible for allergic reactions promoting the inflammatory processes. A total of fifteen plant extracts were screened for their inhibitory activity against H-PGDS using 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as a substrate at 0.3 mg.mL-1. Seven of these plant extracts that were effective inhibitors of H-PGDS were then used to determine the half maximum inhibitory concentrations (IC<inf>50</inf>s). Parinari curatellifolia leaf ethanol extract was the most potent plant extract with an IC<inf>50</inf> of 3.8μg.mL-1 that was comparable to 2.1 μg.mL-1 of the standard Cibacron blue. P. curatellifolia extract directly inhibited H-PGDS activity, which was a kind of reversible inhibition of mixed type with respect to both GSH and CDNB as substrates. The results obtained in this study validate the ethnomedicinal use of P. curatellifolia in the reduction of symptoms of inflammation. Copyright © 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	1-chloro-2; 4-dinitrobenzene; anti-inflammatory; glutathione S-transferases; Parinari curatellifolia	alcohol; cibacron blue f3ga; methanol; Parinari curatellifolia extract; plant extract; prostaglandin D synthase; prostaglandin D2; prostaglandin synthase inhibitor; unclassified drug; water; allergy; enzyme activity; gene expression; hematology; plant extract; antiinflammatory activity; Article; drug screening; enzyme inhibition; immobilized metal affinity chromatography; solvent extraction; Zimbabwe; Parinari	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845252900	Evaluation of antifungal activity and phytochemical analysis of leaves, roots and stem barks extracts of Calotropis procera (Asclepiadaceae)	Hassan S.W., Bilbis F.L., Ladan M.J., Umar R.A., Dangoggo S.M., Saidu Y., Abubakar M.K., Faruk U.Z.	2006	Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences	9	14	10.3923/pjbs.2006.2624.2629	Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria	Hassan, S.W., Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria; Bilbis, F.L., Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria; Ladan, M.J., Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria; Umar, R.A., Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria; Dangoggo, S.M., Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria; Saidu, Y., Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria; Abubakar, M.K., Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria; Faruk, U.Z., Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria	The aqueous and organic solvents extracts of leaves, stem barks and roots of Calotropis procera were screened for antifungal (agar dilution method) and phytochemical properties. Organic solvents extracts of the stem bark significantly (p&lt;0.05) inhibited growth of Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum gypseum. The petroleum ether (PE) extract however was significantly (p&lt;0.05) active on only Trichophyton rubrum at concentrations ranging from 0.66 to 5.33 mg mL-1. All the leave extract fractions completely inhibited the growth of the tested organisms. The roots fractions of hexane (HX) and PE extracts showed significant (p&lt;0.05) growth inhibitions of Microsporum gypseum and Aspergillus niger. All the aqueous extract fractions of the plant parts showed complete growth inhibition of all the tested organisms. Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, triterpenoids, saponins and saponin glycosides were detected in the leaves and roots extract fractions, with only flavonoids, triterpenoids and saponins in the stem bark extracts. The results obtained lend scientific credence for the use of the plant against fungal diseases. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Antifungal; Calotropis procera; In vitro screening	Apocynaceae; Arthroderma gypseum; Aspergillus niger; Calotropis; Calotropis procera; Trichophyton rubrum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84945306054	Performance of umar-srimat on soil water conservation and weed control in system of rice intensification	Mohammed U., Wayayok A., Soom M.A.M., Abdan K.	2015	Jurnal Teknologi	76	15	10.11113/jt.v76.5956	Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Department of Agricultural Education, School of Vocational Education, Umar Suleiman College of Education Gashua, P.M.B. 02, Gashua,	Mohammed, U., Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, Department of Agricultural Education, School of Vocational Education, Umar Suleiman College of Education Gashua, P.M.B. 02, Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria; Wayayok, A., Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, Smart Farming Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Soom, M.A.M., Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, Smart Farming Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Abdan, K., Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia	Weed emergence is among the most important problems in system of rice intensification (SRI) due to extensive planting geometry of at least 25 × 25 cm and moist environment, thereby leading to water loss by means of evaporation from the broad space as a result of the extensive planting geometry, and transpiration by the weeds. This reduces the additional water saving which affect the potential of SRI water productivity. It also reduces rice crop yields up to 70% if there is no weed control attempted. Nowadays, weed is being controlled by manual weeder which is labour demanding, while motorized weeders overcome the problem but still, it able to remove the weeds before rice canopy closure or 30 days after transplanting (DAT). This research was designed to evaluate the performance of UMAR-SRImat on soil moisture conservation and weed control. UMAR-SRImat was made using flaked rice straw and biodegradable adhesive. The design was laid out using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three treatments [without soil cover (T1), SRImat (T2), UMAR-SRImat (T3)] and three replications. The analysis was conducted using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Volumetric moisture content (VMC) was determined at 18 and 25 DAT. Weeds were observed and recorded to determine the weed dry weight and weed control efficiency at 20, 40 and 60 DAT. Plant height per hill was measured at 30 and 50 DAT, likewise, the number of tillers were counted at 30 and 50 DAT. The result of VMC showed that UMAR-SRImat significantly conserved water higher than the control treatment at 18 and 25 DAT of 3100.0a and 2680.0a m3/ha, respectively. The effectiveness of UMARSRImat mulched was 100% at 20 DAT 99.64% at 40 DAT and 97.99% at 60 DAT. This research revealed that UMAR-SRImat mulch could retain soil moisture and suppressed weeds up to 60 DAT. © 2015, Penerbit UTM Press. All rights reserved.	Bio-composite technology; Moisture content; Rice yield; Sustainable farming	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-35548954633	Performance of in situ rainwater conservation tillage techniques on dry spell mitigation and erosion control in the drought-prone North Wello zone of the Ethiopian highlands	McHugh O.V., Steenhuis T.S., Berihun Abebe, Fernandes E.C.M.	2007	Soil and Tillage Research	97	1	10.1016/j.still.2007.08.002	Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 206 Riley Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-5701, United States; Dryland Agriculture and Community Participation Consultant, TESFA, Meket, Amhara State, Ethiopia; Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, The World Bank, ESSD-ARD, 1818 H Street, Washington, DC 20433, United States	McHugh, O.V., Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 206 Riley Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-5701, United States; Steenhuis, T.S., Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 206 Riley Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-5701, United States; Berihun Abebe, Dryland Agriculture and Community Participation Consultant, TESFA, Meket, Amhara State, Ethiopia; Fernandes, E.C.M., Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, The World Bank, ESSD-ARD, 1818 H Street, Washington, DC 20433, United States	Grain production shortfalls in northern Ethiopia are commonly associated with occurrence of intra-seasonal dry spells or droughts and rapid land degradation which adversely impact crop yields. Suitable practices that use available rainwater more efficiently to mitigate impact of dry spells on crops and that protect soil are needed to stabilize and improve grain yields in the predominately rainfed agriculture. During three cropping seasons on-farm experiments tested conservation tillage techniques implemented with oxen-drawn plows on clay loam soil. Tested tillage techniques are subsoiling, open and tied ridges, no till, and conventional tillage with the local maresha plow (the control). Effectiveness in improving root zone soil moisture, limiting soil erosion, and improving sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) grain yield were determined. Results demonstrate that performance of the tillage techniques varied with seasonal rainfall distribution and intensity and land slope gradient. Tied and open ridge increased seasonal root zone soil moisture 15-24%. Subsoiling slightly (3%) increased and no till slightly decreased soil moisture but were not statistically different from conventional tillage. Tied ridge and no till significantly reduced seasonal soil loss by up to 11 Mg ha-1 during seasons with moderate intensity storms, but during a season with high intensity storms tied ridge on over 9% slope gradient increased soil loss (up to 35 Mg ha-1). The increased soil disturbance of subsoiling led to higher soil loss rates (up to 32 Mg ha-1) than conventional tillage during all seasons. Grain yield decreased and runoff and erosion rates increased rapidly with increasing land slope gradient. During a season with moderate intensity rainfall open and tied ridge increased sorghum yield by 67-73% over the control (730 kg ha-1) while no till decreased yield by 25%. During a season when high intensity rainfall events damaged the ridges, subsoiling had the best sorghum yield with 42% increase over the control (1430 kg ha-1). Poor early season rainfall and fungus attacks resulted in low chickpea yields (200-320 kg ha-1) and statistically insignificant differences between tillage methods. Overall results of the study suggest that on slopes below 8% gradient oxen-drawn ridge tillage and subsoiling, to a lesser degree, can effectively improve conditions that mitigate impact of short dry spells especially during seasons with less intense rainfall events. © 2007.	Drought mitigation; On-farm trial; Ridge tillage; Soil erosion; Soil moisture; Subsoiling	Crops; Drought; Erosion; Rain; Soil moisture; Storms; Drought mitigation; On-farm trial; Ridge tillage; Soil erosion; Subsoiling; Water conservation; clay loam; conservation tillage; crop yield; drought; erosion control; land degradation; rainwater; soil erosion; soil moisture; sorghum; subsoil; upland region; Africa; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa; Bos; Cicer arietinum; Fungi; Sorghum bicolor	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926640115	Evaluation of stream water quality data generated from MODIS images in modeling total suspended solid emission to a freshwater lake	Ayana E.K., Worqlul A.W., Steenhuis T.S.	2015	Science of the Total Environment	523	None	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.132	Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; School of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Columbia University, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, New York, United States; The Nature ConservancyVA, United States	Ayana, E.K., Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States, Columbia University, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, New York, United States, The Nature ConservancyVA, United States; Worqlul, A.W., Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States, School of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Steenhuis, T.S., Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States, School of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia	Modeling of suspended sediment emission into freshwater lakes is challenging due to data gaps in developing countries. Existing models simulate sediment concentration at a gauging station upstream and none of these studies had modeled total suspended solids (TSS) emissions by inflowing rivers to freshwater lakes as there are no TSS measurements at the river mouth in the upper Blue Nile basin. In this study a 10. year TSS time series data generated from remotely sensed MODIS/Terra images using established empirical relationship is applied to calibrate and validate a hydrology model for Lake Tana in Upper Blue Nile Basin. The result showed that at a monthly time scale TSS at the river mouth can be replicated with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NS) of 0.34 for calibration and 0.21 for validation periods. Percent bias (PBIAS) and ratio of the root-mean-square error to the standard deviation of measured data (RSR) are all within range. Given the inaccessibility and costliness to measure TSS at river mouths to a lake the results found here are considered useful for suspended sediment budget studies in water bodies of the basin. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Freshwater monitoring; Lake tana; MODIS; TSS	Budget control; Developing countries; Lakes; Mean square error; Radiometers; Rivers; Sediments; Water; Water quality; Empirical relationships; Lake Tana; MODIS; Root mean square errors; Sediment concentration; Stream water quality; Total suspended solids; TSS; Suspended sediments; freshwater environment; lake water; MODIS; pollution monitoring; remote sensing; satellite imagery; streamwater; suspended sediment; Terra (satellite); time series; water quality; Article; catchment; Egypt; environmental monitoring; hydrology; image analysis; lake ecosystem; mathematical model; priority journal; satellite imagery; sediment; sensitivity analysis; stream (river); suspended particulate matter; validation process; water analysis; water flow; water quality; analysis; chemistry; lake; procedures; river; water pollutant; Blue Nile Basin; Ethiopia; Lake Tana; Nile Basin; water pollutant; Environmental Monitoring; Geologic Sediments; Hydrology; Lakes; Rivers; Satellite Imagery; Water Movements; Water Pollutants	None
None	None	Evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of extracts from medicinal plants used for the treatment of malaria in Kagera and Lindi regions, Tanzania	Nondo R.S.O., Moshi M.J., Erasto P., Zofou D., Njouendou A.J., Wanji S., Ngemenya M.N., Kidukuli A.W., Masimba P.J., Titanji V.P.K.	2015	Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science	5	4	10.7324/JAPS.2015.50402	Department of Biological and Pre-Clinical Studies, Institute of Traditional Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Biotechnology Unit, University of Buea, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon; Research Foundation in Tropical Diseases and Environment, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon	Nondo, R.S.O., Department of Biological and Pre-Clinical Studies, Institute of Traditional Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Moshi, M.J., Department of Biological and Pre-Clinical Studies, Institute of Traditional Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Erasto, P., National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Zofou, D., Biotechnology Unit, University of Buea, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon, Research Foundation in Tropical Diseases and Environment, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon; Njouendou, A.J., Research Foundation in Tropical Diseases and Environment, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon; Wanji, S., Research Foundation in Tropical Diseases and Environment, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon; Ngemenya, M.N., Biotechnology Unit, University of Buea, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon; Kidukuli, A.W., Department of Biological and Pre-Clinical Studies, Institute of Traditional Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Masimba, P.J., Department of Biological and Pre-Clinical Studies, Institute of Traditional Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Titanji, V.P.K., Biotechnology Unit, University of Buea, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon	A number of medicinal plants used for treatment of malaria in Tanzania have been documented, but information on their safety and efficacy is still based on traditional knowledge accumulated over years and not on pre-clinical and clinical evaluation. The present study aimed to assess the cytotoxic activity of extracts of selected plant species used for treatment of malaria in Tanzania. Ethanol extracts were evaluated for cytoxicity by using MTT assay on LLC-MK2 cells and by brine shrimp lethality assay. Forty five (93.75%) out of 48 crude extracts assessed using LLC-MK2 cells were non-cytotoxic while three extracts (6.25%) were cytotoxic with CC<inf>50</inf> <30 μg/mL (cut-off point). In the brine shrimp assay 30 (65.2%) out of 46 extracts tested were non-toxic while 16 extracts (34.8%) were toxic (LC<inf>50</inf> <100 μg/mL). Antiaris toxicaria stem bark extract was the most cytotoxic to mammalian cells. This study demonstrates that, most of the antimalarial plants tested were non-toxic. These observations corroborate with traditional healers' claims that the herbal medicines used in their areas are safe. However, further studies using different toxicity models are suggested to further confirm their claims. © 2015 Ramadhani SO Nondo et al.	Brine shrimps assay; LLC-MK2 cells; Malaria; Medicinal plants; Tanzania; Toxicity	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922798088	Risk evaluation of main pests and integrated management in Chinese wolfberry, Lycium barbarum L.	Liu J., Ali A., Yu M., Zhu F., Kidane D.	2015	Pakistan Journal of Zoology	47	1	None	Department of Biological Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, Henan, China; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle University, Ethiopia	Liu, J., Department of Biological Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, Henan, China; Ali, A., State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Yu, M., Department of Biological Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, Henan, China; Zhu, F., Department of Biological Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, Henan, China; Kidane, D., State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China, Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle University, Ethiopia	Chinese wolfberry Lycium barbarum L. (Solanales: Solanaceae), is an ancient herbal medicine and has been used for years in China. However, insect pests associated with this plant had not yet been well studied. The present study characterized the main pests associated with this plant. The method of risk assessment indices and the method of experience formulae were used to analyze the risk of pests under different management systems. The result demonstrates most frequent, incidental, and general insect pest in abandoned, organic and conventional fields. Analyses using CANCORR showed that the dynamics of pest populations were similar in all fields under different management system. Moreover, the matrices of correlation coefficients showed that dynamics of pests were significantly correlated. The correlation coefficients in dichotomous pattern viz. the abandoned field and the conventional field, the abandoned field and the organic field, the conventional field and the organic field were 0.8504, 0.8447, and 0.8564, respectively. Dynamics of the populations showed that the frequent disaster pests had two population establishment stages and one exponential growth stage in a year. The optimal controlling stages were from late part of the infancy period to early part of outbreak I period, middle of outbreak I period and from late part of dormancy period to early of outbreak II period. These were the key periods to control pest outbreak. The implications of these results are discussed. Copyright © 2015 Zoological Society of Pakistan.	Chinese wolfberry field; Control strategies; Disaster pests; Optimal separations; Risk assessment	correlation; dicotyledon; dormancy; field survey; fruit; integrated pest management; population dynamics; population outbreak; risk assessment; traditional medicine; Hexapoda; Lycium barbarum; Solanaceae; Solanales	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054759793	Mangrove litter biomass input in a forest impacted by human physical disturbance, Gazi Bay, Kenya	Kihia C.M., Mathooko J.M., Ruwa R.K., Shivoga A.W.	2010	Ecotropica	16	2	None	Department of Biological Science, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton, Kenya; Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 81651, Mombasa, Kenya	Kihia, C.M., Department of Biological Science, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton, Kenya; Mathooko, J.M., Department of Biological Science, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton, Kenya; Ruwa, R.K., Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 81651, Mombasa, Kenya; Shivoga, A.W., Department of Biological Science, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton, Kenya	This study investigated the impact of human physical disturbance on litter yield in a mangrove forest by comparing amount and composition of litterfall between disturbed and relatively undisturbed sites in Gazi mangrove forest. Litter was trapped using littertraps suspended from trees at the upper and lower intertidal zones of the four sites. Litterfall material was collected fortnightly from October 2001 to June 2003, and dry weight of components determined and compared using ANOVA. Physical disturbance reported from the forest include tree cutting, digging for bait, and trampling by man and vehicles which were more prevalent at the disturbed sites than comparable undisturbed sites. Annual litter production in the Gazi forest was 4.3 t ha-1 yr-1 and was dominated by leaves of Rhizophora mucronata, which constituted 39% of litter components. Disturbed sites recorded significantly lower litterfall than corresponding undisturbed sites (ANOVA, P &lt; 0.01), an increase (10%) in litter yield of Avicennia marina leaves, and 20% and 30% declines respectively in R. mucronata leaf and flower productivity. The decline in litter biomass and its changing composition were attributed to changes in predominant mangrove species as a result of size, site, and species selection by harvesters and the competitive ability of regenerating and uncut trees. © Society for Tropical Ecology.	Composition; Harvesting; Litterfall; Selectivity; Species change	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82755166949	Evaluation of cowpea germplasm lines for protein and mineral concentrations in grains	Boukar O., Massawe F., Muranaka S., Franco J., Maziya-Dixon B., Singh B., Fatokun C.	2011	Plant Genetic Resources: Characterisation and Utilisation	9	4	10.1017/S1479262111000815	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PMB 5320, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Boukar, O., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PMB 5320, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Massawe, F., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PMB 5320, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Muranaka, S., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PMB 5320, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Franco, J., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PMB 5320, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Maziya-Dixon, B., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PMB 5320, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Singh, B., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PMB 5320, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Fatokun, C., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PMB 5320, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Cowpea, an indigenous crop to sub-Saharan Africa, is found mainly in the dry savanna regions along with cereals such as millets and sorghum. Cowpea is grown primarily for human consumption of the grains, which are rich in protein, carbohydrates and contain some minerals. The development and deployment of cowpea varieties with higher nutritional value will be of immense benefit to consumers. As a first step in the enhancement of mineral content in cowpea grains, several germplasm lines (1541) of different origins and obtained from the genetic resources unit at IITA were sown in the experimental field in Minjibir, Kano State, Nigeria. The grains were analysed for protein and nine mineral contents. However, in this study, we shall report data on crude protein, Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, K and P. The data generated from the chemical analysis were subjected to the 'mixture of normal distributions' clustering method, which distributed the cowpea lines into nine groups. Groups G7 and G9 contained 174 genotypes and these were characterized by high mineral concentrations. The mean nutritional content values for group G9 were 24.7% for protein, and 58.9, 41.5, 1107, 2132, 15,282 and 5664 mg/kg for Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, K and P, respectively. On the other hand, the 363 lines making up groups G2, G3 and G6 showed low amounts of nutrients in their grains. Some of the lines in G7 and G9 would be good as parents to use in breeding programmes that aimed at developing nutrient-dense cowpea varieties. © Copyright NIAB 2011.	cowpea; diversity; mineral composition; nutritional value; Vigna unguiculata	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78751496282	Impact of a kraft pulp and paper mill effluent on phytoplankton and macroinvertebrates in River Nzoia, Kenya	Ojunga S., Masese F.O., Manyala J.O., Etiégni L., Onkware A.O., Senelwa K., Raburu P.O., Balozi B.K., Omutange E.S.	2010	Water Quality Research Journal of Canada	45	2	None	Department of Biological Science, Moi University, Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya; Department of Fisheries Aquatic Science, Moi University, Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya; Department of Forestry and Wood Science, Moi University, Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya; Department of Technology Education, Moi University, Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya	Ojunga, S., Department of Biological Science, Moi University, Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya; Masese, F.O., Department of Fisheries Aquatic Science, Moi University, Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya; Manyala, J.O., Department of Fisheries Aquatic Science, Moi University, Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya; Etiégni, L., Department of Forestry and Wood Science, Moi University, Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya; Onkware, A.O., Department of Biological Science, Moi University, Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya; Senelwa, K., Department of Forestry and Wood Science, Moi University, Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya; Raburu, P.O., Department of Fisheries Aquatic Science, Moi University, Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya; Balozi, B.K., Department of Forestry and Wood Science, Moi University, Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya; Omutange, E.S., Department of Technology Education, Moi University, Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya	Phytoplankton and macroinvertebrate assemblages were used to assess the impact of a kraft pulp and paper mill effluent in Kenya, on River Nzoia downstream of the discharge point in relation to changes in water quality during May to June and November 2008 (rainy and dry seasons, respectively). Total phosphorus concentration increased from 0.027 mg·L-1 upstream to 0.04 mg·L-1 downstream. Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration was 0.51 mg·L-1 upstream and 0.86 mg·L-1 downstream. Nitrate concentration stood at 1.18 mg·L-1 upstream compared with the 2.23 mg·L-1 downstream. The pH changed from 4.5 to 5.0 upstream to 5.5 to 6.0 downstream, while DO increased from 6.57 to 7.03 mg·L-1 downstream. The BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand after five days) values remained almost unchanged from 4.63 mg·L-1 upstream to 4.67 mg·L-1 downstream. Taxon composition of phytoplankton and macroinvertebrates correlated with adverse environmental gradients resulting from the mill's effluent discharge. Overall, there was a shift in composition and abundance of both phytoplankton and macroinvertebrates, with the downstream site recording high numbers of tolerant taxa (i.e., Microcystis sp. and Chironomus sp.). It was recommended that water quality monitoring with effluents of this nature be done using a combination of chemical analysis and biological indicators such as phytoplankton and macroinvertebrates. © 2010, CAWQ.	Biomonitoring; Effluent; Macroinvertebrate; Nutrient; Pollution; Pulp and paper	Ammonia nitrogen; Biological indicators; Biomonitoring; Chironomus; Dry seasons; Effluent discharge; Environmental gradient; Macroinvertebrate assemblage; Macroinvertebrates; Microcystis; Nitrate concentration; Pulp and paper; Pulp and paper mill effluents; Total phosphorus; Water quality monitoring; Algae control; Biochemical oxygen demand; Chemical analysis; Effluents; Indicators (chemical); Kraft process; Kraft pulp; Nutrients; Oxygen; Paper; Paper and pulp mills; Papermaking machinery; Phosphorus; Phytoplankton; Pollution; River pollution; Water quality; Rivers; abundance; bioindicator; biomonitoring; chemical analysis; chemical pollutant; dissolved oxygen; dose-response relationship; environmental gradient; industrial waste; macroinvertebrate; nitrate; pH; phytoplankton; pollution exposure; pulp and paper industry; water quality; Algae; Bod; Chemical Analysis; Effluents; Kenya; Kraft Pulps; Nutrients; Oxygen; Paper; Paper Making; Ph; Pollution; Rivers; Water Quality; Kenya; Nzoia River; Chironomus sp.; Microcystis; Microcystis sp.	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857012370	Engineering of microbial proteases: Improving stability and catalytic performances	Mienda B.S., Yahya A.	2012	IIOAB Journal	2	8	None	Department of Biological sciences Adamawa State University, Mubi, Nigeria; Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioengineering University Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia	Mienda, B.S., Department of Biological sciences Adamawa State University, Mubi, Nigeria, Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioengineering University Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia; Yahya, A., Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioengineering University Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia	Proteolytic enzymes are becoming more ubiquitous as bacteria and fungi. Some proteases from microbial sources are industrially important enzymes but often have to be improved for their catalytic efficiency and stabilities in solvents and temperature at industrial scales in order to suit their applications. Research on protein engineering of microbial proteases to improve their stability and catalytic performances have been extensively conducted by various researchers across the globe using different molecular approaches vis a vis site-directed mutagenesis (SDM) and directed evolutions (DE). SDM has been extremely useful in substitution of important amino acids of microbial proteases; though its major obstacle is that it is imperative to know the three dimensional (3D) structure of the protease in question. Directed evolutions (DE) subsequently emerged as an alternative to SDM, since the knowledge of the enzymes 3D structure is less significant, though its major drawback has been the creation of large mutant libraries and high through put screening of mutant with desired properties. To overcome the drawback of DE, a flow cytometry based screening system have been recently developed which may likely pave way for efficient and fastest way of screening of mutants with improved desired properties. Sometimes these two approaches can be applied concurrently to obtain enzymes with novel properties. This review aimed at gathering the disperse literature on the approaches where bacteria and fungi have been chosen as sources of microbial proteases. A recent flow cytometry based screening system for DE of proteases has also been reported.	Cytometry; Enzymes; Microbes; Proteases	alanine; alpha levo fucosidase; amidase; aqualysin I; aspartate aminotransferase; aspartic acid; aspartic proteinase; aspergillopepsin; bacterial enzyme; beta galactosidase; beta lactamase; cysteine; dihydropyrimidinase; esterase; fructose bisphosphate aldolase; fungal enzyme; glycine; leucine; methionine; pepsin A; peroxidase; protein LasA; proteinase; serine; serine proteinase; subtilisin; triacylglycerol lipase; unclassified drug; amino acid substitution; article; Aspergillus oryzae; aspergillus saitoi; Bacillus subtilis; catalysis; directed molecular evolution; Eggerthella lenta; enzyme engineering; enzyme stability; enzyme structure; flow cytometry; fungus; Geobacillus stearothermophilus; Lactobacillus delbrueckii; Lysobacter; mutant; nonhuman; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; rhizopus niveus; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; site directed mutagenesis; thermostability; Thermus aquaticus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858210780	In-vivo evaluation of the antiplasmodial effect of amodiaquine and amodiaquine-promethazine combination in Plasmodium berghei Infected mice	Olalubi O.A., Ogunlana O.E., Fagbemi O.B.	2011	International Journal of Health Research	4	2	None	Department of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Crawford University, Igbesa, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Olalubi, O.A., Department of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Crawford University, Igbesa, Nigeria; Ogunlana, O.E., Department of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Crawford University, Igbesa, Nigeria; Fagbemi, O.B., Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Purpose: Antihistamine H1 receptor antagonists like promethazine(PR)are capable of reversing resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to some antimalarials drugs like amodiaquine(AQ). This work was carried out to evaluate the antiplasmodial activity of amodiaquine and amodiaquine-promethazine combination in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Methods: Groups of mice(112)infected with chloroquine resistant Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain were treated with 10mg/kg amodiaquine alone for three days or 10mg/kg AQ combined with graded doses(10, 20, 30, 40, 50 mg/kg)of PR twice daily over 7 days). Thin blood films were used to assess parasitemia for 60 days. Results: Therapeutic effect of AQ combined with graded doses of PR was dose-dependent with the combination of AQ and the highest concentration of PR(50mg/kg)having the shortest parasite clearance time(PCT)(1.28± 0.49)days and longest recrudescence time(RT)of(17.33±11.86 days)compare to AQ alone. The mean PCT was significantly reduced as doses of PR increased up to 50mg/kg(P<0.01). The survival rates(93.8% and 50%)in the group of animals receiving 50mg/kg of PR plus AQ and AQ alone, respectively were significantly different(P<0.01). Conclusion: Promethazine potentiates the therapeutic effects of amodiaquine against the chloroquine resistant P. berghei infection in male albino mice. © Poracom Academic Publishers. All rights reserved.	Amodiaquine; Parasitemia; Plasmodium berghei; Promethazine	amodiaquine; promethazine; animal cell; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antiprotozoal activity; article; combination chemotherapy; controlled study; disease association; dose response; drug dose increase; drug effect; drug efficacy; in vivo study; inoculation; intermethod comparison; male; monotherapy; mouse; nonhuman; outcome assessment; parasite identification; Plasmodium berghei; Plasmodium berghei infection; survival rate	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868033237	Evaluation of host humoral antibody production against Plasmodium falciparum recombinant circumsporozoite antigen in Nigerian children	Oluwasogo O.A., Ebenezer O.O., Chiaka A.	2012	Journal of Vector Borne Diseases	49	3	None	Department of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Crawford University, Igbesa, Nigeria; Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Oluwasogo, O.A., Department of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Crawford University, Igbesa, Nigeria; Ebenezer, O.O., Department of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Crawford University, Igbesa, Nigeria; Chiaka, A., Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Background & objectives: The challenge of malaria and efforts targeted at developing malaria vaccines triggered this study on the reactivity of IgG and its subclasses in the test serum specific to CSP. This work was directed at assessing the influence of age and gender on host humoral antibody against Plasmodium falciparum recombinant circumsporozoite antigen in Nigerian children.Methods: In all, 67 serum samples (>10,000 parasites/μl of blood) collected from malaria-infected children at the University College Hospital, Ibadan during the transmission season were analyzed by ELISA.Results: The mean absorbance values of IgG subclasses reactive against P. falciparum CSP appeared to be agedependent and ranged from 0.01 for IgG4 in younger children to 0.95 for IgG3 in older children. The sixty-seven subjects investigated in this study had significantly higher mean IgG1 and IgG3 than the uninfected controls (p <0.01). This follows the order IgG3 >IgG1>IgG2>IgG4 which confirmed the prevalence of the cytophilic antibodies (IgG1 and IgG3) in 65% of the malaria infected children over the non-cytophilic subclasses (IgG2 and IgG4). Similarly, there was low production of IgG4 and IgG2 levels in 35% of the subjects compared with control. IgG was detected in the serum of North American Subjects (NAS) which served as negative control for CSP-specific IgG subclasses. Although the NAS titre was lower than that of the malaria subjects in Nigeria, its IgG2 was, however, higher (0.16) than that of other subclasses. The mean absorbance values of total serum IgG subclass were higher than those of IgG subclasses specific to P. falciparum circumsporozoite antigen. The mean absorbance values of the total serum IgG subclass follows the order IgG2>IgG1>IgG4>IgG3.Interpretation & conclusion: Age and gender-dependent correlations of results suggest that acquired immunity could play a significant role in protection from malaria. Antibody levels are higher in male than female children of the same age group. Antibody levels also increase with age in both the male and female children.	Cytophilic antibodies (IgG1 and IgG3); ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay); Malaria vaccine; Non-cytophilic subclasses (IgG2 and IgG4); Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP)	humoral antibody; immunoglobulin G1 antibody; immunoglobulin g2 antibody; immunoglobulin G3 antibody; immunoglobulin g4 antibody; parasite antigen; Plasmodium falciparum recombinant circumsporozoite antigen; unclassified drug; age distribution; antibody blood level; antibody production; antibody titer; article; blood sampling; child; controlled study; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; female; host parasite interaction; human; infection prevention; major clinical study; male; preschool child; prevalence; school child; sex difference; Antibodies, Protozoan; Antigens, Protozoan; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Immunity, Humoral; Immunoglobulin G; Infant; Malaria, Falciparum; Male; Nigeria; Plasmodium falciparum; Protozoan Proteins; Recombinant Proteins; Seasons	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845417015	Quality evaluation of water sources in Ife North Local Government area of Osun State, Nigeria	Oluyemi E.A., Adekunle A.S., Makinde W.O., Kaisam J.P., Adenuga A.A., Oladipo A.A.	2006	European Journal of Scientific Research	15	3	None	Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Centre for Energy Research and Development, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Oluyemi, E.A., Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Adekunle, A.S., Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Makinde, W.O., Centre for Energy Research and Development, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Kaisam, J.P., Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Adenuga, A.A., Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Oladipo, A.A., Centre for Energy Research and Development, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	The quality examination of water in Ife - North Local Government of Osun State Nigeria was conducted by determining the physico - chemical parameters. Fourty samples including surface water, bore holes, well and pipe borne water were collected from major towns in the Local Government Area and analyzed. Results showed temperature range of 26.5 - 33.0oC, pH (6.526 - 8.905), conductivity (63.0 - 1039.0 S/cm), resistivity (0.00 - 0.02mΩ.cm), salinity (300.0 - 700.0 mg/l), total solids (90.0 - 1175.0 mg/l), total dissolved solids (37.8 - 622.5mg/l), suspended solids (34.5 - 794.0 mg/l),dissolved oxygen (4.483 - 9.483 mg/l), Biological oxygen demand-BOD5 (0.690 - 6.745 mg/l), chloride (3.64 - 184.04 mg/l), Nitrate (1.08 -53.03 mg/l), phosphate (4.99 - 23.07 mg/l) and sulphate (6.02 - 28.95 mg/l). The results obtained agreed with the limits set by both national and international bodies for drinking and domestic water with few exceptions. Pipe borne water was observed to be safest while the surface waters would support aquatic life and recreational activities. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2006.	Behavioural animation; Collision avoidance; Crowd simulation; Path finding	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054051704	Cognition and performance: Anxiety, mood and perceived exertion among Ironman triathletes	Parry D., Chinnasamy C., Papadopoulou E., Noakes T., Micklewright D.	2011	British Journal of Sports Medicine	45	14	10.1136/bjsm.2010.072637	Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Sports and Exercise Science, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom; Department of Human Biology, UCT/MRC Research Unit for ESSM, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Parry, D., Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Sports and Exercise Science, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom; Chinnasamy, C., Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Sports and Exercise Science, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom; Papadopoulou, E., Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Sports and Exercise Science, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom; Noakes, T., Department of Human Biology, UCT/MRC Research Unit for ESSM, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Micklewright, D., Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Sports and Exercise Science, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom	Objective The authors examined the changing patterns of mood before and after an Ironman triathlon, and the relationships between expected performance outcomes, perception of effort and pacing. Design Twelve participants in the 2008 Ironman Austria triathlon competition were studied before, during and after the event. Each participant completed measures of mood, anxiety and perceived exertion, while pacing was calculated from offi cial race timings at various points on the course. Results Positive correlations were found between distance covered and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during each of the individual disciplines, and also between RPE and the percentage of overall race time completed (r=0.826, p<0.001). A negative correlation was found between average speed and distance covered during the run segment (r=-0.911, p<0.005) with pace gradually declining. Differences occurred in the profi le of mood states mood subscales of tension and fatigue between the baseline, prerace and postrace trials. Somatic anxiety was higher before the race compared with baseline measures. Discussion RPE followed a linear progression of RPE during each discipline followed by a re-setting of the perception of effort at the start of the next discipline. The increase in RPE for the entire event followed a linear increase. The linear decline in run pace is consistent with a recent model in which expected RPE is used to modulate pacing. Anxiety and mood responses of participants in this study indicate that the emotional response of athletes before and after ultra-endurance exercise is closely aligned with their conscious thoughts.	None	adult; affect; analysis of variance; anxiety; article; athlete; athletic performance; Austria; bicycle; cognition; female; human; male; perception; psychological aspect; questionnaire; running; sport; swimming; Adult; Affect; Analysis of Variance; Anxiety; Athletes; Athletic Performance; Austria; Bicycling; Cognition; Female; Humans; Male; Perception; Questionnaires; Running; Sports; Swimming	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953469108	Standardisation of Artemisia annua using Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC)	Abolaji O A., Eteng M U., Ebong E P., Brisibe A., Shakil A., Shaista E., Iqbal M C.	2010	Pharmacognosy Journal	2	7	None	Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, P.M.B 1023, Canaan Land, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B 1115, Calabar, Cross	Abolaji O, A., Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, P.M.B 1023, Canaan Land, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Eteng M, U., Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Ebong E, P., Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Brisibe, A., Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Calabar, P.M.B 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Shakil, A., Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, P.M.B 1023, Canaan Land, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria, Industrial Analytical Centre, HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan; Shaista, E., Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, P.M.B 1023, Canaan Land, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria, Industrial Analytical Centre, HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan; Iqbal M, C., Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, P.M.B 1023, Canaan Land, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria, Industrial Analytical Centre, HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan	Artemisia annua L is a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of many disorders including drug resistant malaria. The active constituent against malaria, artemisinin, has been isolated and characterized by Chinese scientists. Artemisia annua is now being grown in malaria endemic countries like Nigeria. The aim of the present study was to quantify artemisinin content of Nigerian Grown Artemisia annua using a fast and reliable Reversed Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) analytical technique since artemisinin content is affected by geographical and seasonal variations. HPLC conditions used for determination of the artemisinin content were established as follows; phenomenex luna column (5 μm; 250 mm × 4.6 mm) was employed with the mobile phase of acetic acid (% 0.1 v/v): acetonitrile: H2O (70:30) mixture at the flow rate of 1 ml/min. The good linearity of artemisinin was observed with y = 11714 × (r2 = 0.9989). Artemisinin was detected in our sample and was calculated to be 1.0975 %. © 2010 Phcog.net.	Artemisia annua L.; Artemisinin; HPLC; Standardisation	acetic acid; acetonitrile; Artemisia annua extract; artemisinin; Artemisia annua; article; calculation; controlled study; flow rate; Nigeria; quantitative analysis; reliability; reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography; seasonal variation; standardization	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77049112778	Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of root and leaf extracts of Terminalia Glaucescens	Ayepola O.O.	2009	Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences	3	2	None	Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, PMB 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	Ayepola, O.O., Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, PMB 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	An assessment of the antimicrobial activity of the leaf and root extracts of Terminalia glaucescens against certain bacterial isolates were carried out. The organisms tested included Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus anthracis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Proteus spp, using the agar dilution method. The root and leaf extracts showed appreciable activity against all the tested organisms. However the root extract was found to have a higher activity at 100mg mL-than the 1 leaf extract at the same concentration especially on the two Gram positive bacteria tested. The mean diameter of the zones of inhibition exhibited by the extracts was between 15mm and 33mm. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the extracts against the bacterial isolates were also determined. The lowest MIC observed for both the root and leaf extracts was 6.25 on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was compared with ampicillin used as a positive control. © 2009, American Eurasian Network for Scientific Information.	Agar dilution method; Antibacterial activity; Phytochemical screening; Terminalia glaucescens	Bacillus anthracis; Bacteria (microorganisms); Candida albicans; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Posibacteria; Proteus (enterobacteria); Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Salmonella typhi; Staphylococcus aureus; Terminalia; Terminalia glaucescens	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877306116	Evaluation of plant growth promoting potential of four rhizobacterial species for indigenous system	Hou M.P., Oluranti B.O.	2013	Journal of Central South University	20	1	10.1007/s11771-013-1472-4	Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa	Hou, M.P., Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Oluranti, B.O., Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa	The aim of this work was to see whether Pseudomonas putida NWU12, Pseudomonas fluorescence NWU65, Vibrio fluvialis NWU37 and Ewingella americana NWU59 are beneficial to plants and are able to promote plant growth and development when inoculated as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The four rhizobacteria were tested in vitro for PGPR activities and on spinach and pepper in pot experiments. The inoculants are all positive for ammonia (NH 3), catalase, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), phosphate solubilization and siderophore production. Among the inoculants, E. americana NWU59 is oxidase negative. P. putida NWU12 and P. fluorescence NWU65 are producing indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The inoculants exhibit some PGPR activities and thus tested in the screen-house. Treatments are control (water) and the four inoculants. Rhizobacterial inoculants increase spinach (17.14%-21.43%) and pepper (15.0%-37.5%) plant heights over the control. Such inoculants have the potential of improving plant yield components and may be used as biofertilizer. © 2013 Central South University Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Ewingella americana; microbial inoculants; PGPR; Pseudomonas spp; screening; Vibrio fluvialis	Ewingella americana; Microbial inoculants; PGPR; Pseudomonas spp; Vibrio fluvialis; Fluorescence; Screening; Bacteria	None
None	None	Host plants of Osyris lanceolata (African Sandalwood) and their influence on its early growth performance in Tanzania	Mwang'ingo P.L., Teklehaimanot Z., Lulandala L.L., Mwihomeke S.T.	2005	Southern African Forestry Journal	None	203	None	Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O.Box 3038, Morogoro, Tanzania; School of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, University of Wales Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, United Kingdom; Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O.Box 3010, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Forestry, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, South Africa	Mwang'ingo, P.L., Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O.Box 3038, Morogoro, Tanzania; Teklehaimanot, Z., School of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, University of Wales Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, United Kingdom; Lulandala, L.L., Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O.Box 3010, Morogoro, Tanzania; Mwihomeke, S.T., Department of Forestry, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, South Africa	Identification of the host plants of the hemi-parasitic African sandalwood (Osyris lanceolata) and the influence of some on its early growth performance was investigated at Image, Nundu, Sao Hill and Iringa in the southern highlands of Tanzania. The aim was to identify host plants that support the growth of O. lanceolata, and to evaluate the potential of some in promoting its early growth under artificial establishment. The results revealed that O. lanceolata parasitises a wide range of hosts although some were preferred. The preferredhosts were Rhus natalensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Tecomaria capensis, Catha edulis, Apodytes dimidiata, Brachystegia spiciformis, Maytenus acuminatus and Aphloia theiformis. Of the preferred hosts, Brachytegia spiciformis, Rhus natalensis and Casuarina equisetifolia promoted most effectively the early growth of O. lanceolata in terms of height, diameter and overall root and shoot biomass. Possibly the light crown of these host species and the nitrogen fixing ability of C. equisetifolia played a significant role in conferring this advantage. The species are thus recommended as appropriate host plants when raising O. lanceolata seedlings for planting. However, a decision on whether these hosts will support the growth of O. lanceolata at a later stage is subject to further experimentation as they may only be serving as initial or intermediate hosts as reported in a related species Santalum album.	African sandalwood; Host plants; Host selectivity; Osyris lanceolata; Parasitism; Tree growth	Aphloia theiformis; Apodytes dimidiata; Brachystegia spiciformis; Casuarina equisetifolia; Catha edulis; Dodonaea viscosa; Hedera; Lanceolata; Maytenus; Osyris lanceolata; Rhus; Rhus natalensis; Santalaceae; Santalum album; Tecomaria capensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-28744446906	Statistical evaluation of the hydraulic conductivity of compacted lateritic soil	Nwaiwu C.M.O., Osinubi K.J., Afolayan J.O.	2005	Geotechnical Testing Journal	28	6	None	Department of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri 600004, Borno State, Nigeria; Department of Civil Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria	Nwaiwu, C.M.O., Department of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri 600004, Borno State, Nigeria; Osinubi, K.J., Department of Civil Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Afolayan, J.O., Department of Civil Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria	This paper examines the variation of hydraulic conductivity of a compacted lateritic soil with molding water content, dry unit weight, and initial degree of saturation under as-compacted conditions. Trends in the hydraulic conductivity versus molding water content relationships are similar to those obtained for nonlateritic, temperate zone soils. Hydraulic conductivity generally decreased as dry unit weight and initial degree of saturation increased. However, for the same values of dry unit weight, specimens compacted on the wet side of optimum water content yielded lower hydraulic conductivities than those compacted on the dry side of optimum water content. For lateritic soil specimens compacted at about 2 % or more on the wet side of optimum water content, hydraulic conductivities less than 1 × 10-7 cm/s can be achieved when the dry unit weight is greater than or equal to 16.3 kN/m 3 and initial saturation is greater than or equal to 88 %. Statistical analysis of the results obtained in this study show that relatively weak relationships exist between hydraulic conductivity and molding water content or dry unit weight. Stronger relationships are obtained when hydraulic conductivity is plotted against initial degree of saturation. It is shown that a more accurate prediction of hydraulic conductivity can be achieved when a multiple regression equation is used to relate degree of saturation and compaction energy to hydraulic conductivity. The British Standard heavy compactive effort offers a wider range of molding water contents within which soils can be compacted to yield low hydraulic conductivity. This range is, however, limited by consideration for long-term desiccation and shear strength. Copyright © 2005 by ASTM International.	Compactive effort; Hydraulic conductivity; Initial saturation; Lateritic soil; Minimum dry unit weight; Molding water content; Statistical analysis	Moisture; Regression analysis; Soils; Compactive effort; Initial saturation; Lateritic soil; Minimum dry unit weight; Molding water content; Hydraulic conductivity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859629777	Malarial infection among patients attending a Nigerian semi-urban based hospital and performance of HRP-2 pf Rapid diagnostic Test (RDT) in screening clinical cases of Plasmodium falciparum malaria	Houmsou R.S., Amuta E.U., Sar T.T., Adagba A.H.	2011	Translational Biomedicine	2	1	10:3823/422	Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Taraba State University, P.M.B 1167, Jalingo, Nigeria; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Department of Biological Sciences	Houmsou, R.S., Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Taraba State University, P.M.B 1167, Jalingo, Nigeria; Amuta, E.U., Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Sar, T.T., Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Mkar, Mkar, Benue State, Nigeria; Adagba, A.H., Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Mkar, Mkar, Benue State, Nigeria	Background: Malaria is a life threatening disease caused by Plasmodium spp that are transmitted to people through the bite of infected mosquitoes. This study was undertaken to determine malarial infection among patients attending General Hospital Gboko, Benue State, Nigeria and evaluate the performance of the Histidine Rich Protein (HRP-2) pf Rapid Diagnosis Test (RDT) in screening clinical cases of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a field setting. Methods and Findings: The study was conducted between June and October 2010. Thick blood smears were prepared using standard parasitological procedures, other information concerning the patients were obtained using a well structured questionnaire. Prevalence rate of malaria irrespective of Plasmodium species among the patients examined was 39.5% (102/258). Prevalence rate of malarial infection was not significantly different between sexes (χ 2 = 0.01, p&gt;0.05), age groups (χ 2 = 6.44, p&gt;0.05), educational status (χ 2= 6.1, p&gt;0.05) and occupation of the patients examined (χ 2= 8.4, P&gt;0.05). The study also revealed predominance of Plasmodium falciparum malaria (59.1%) among all the positive cases of malaria. Performance of the HRP-2 pf RDTs showed a sensitivity of 89.5% and specificity of 100% in the area. Conclusion: The results obtained suggested that microscopy remains the gold standard method for diagnosis of malarial infection, although the HRP-2 pf RDTs can be used where microscopy is not available and