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Scopus	2-s2.0-84904304162	Sustainability of the South African livestock sector towards 2050 Part 1: Worth and impact of the sector	Meissner H.H., Scholtz M.M., Palmer A.R.	2013	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	43	3	None	1189 van Riebeeck Avenue, Lyttelton Manor, Centurion 0157, South Africa; ARC-Animal Production Institute, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa; University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; ARC-Animal Production Institute, PO Box 101, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	Meissner, H.H., 1189 van Riebeeck Avenue, Lyttelton Manor, Centurion 0157, South Africa; Scholtz, M.M., ARC-Animal Production Institute, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Palmer, A.R., ARC-Animal Production Institute, PO Box 101, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	Livestock production in South Africa contributes substantially to food security. It is also a topic of public debate because of lack of knowledge and wrong information. This article aims to provide information on the worth and impact of the livestock sect or information and statistics providing a baseline to guiding sustainability towards 2050. Seventy percent of agricultural land in South Africa can be utilized only by livestock and game and species are found in all provinces with high concentrations in the eastern higher rainfall regions. Statistics in 2010 indicate 13.6 million beef cattle, 1.4 million dairy cattle, 24.6 million sheep, 7.0 million goats, 3 million game species (farmed), 1.1 million pigs, 113 million broilers, 31.8 million layers and 1.6 million ostriches. The gross value of livestock products increased by 185% from 1995/2000 to 2006/2010. In relation to field crops and horticulture, livestock products increased their position from 42% to 47% of gross agricultural value. The main reason was a rise in the value and demand for livestock foods, particularly meat. Livestock foods contribute 27% of the consumer food basket on a weight basis. Consumption of livestock foods resembles that of developing countries with meat consumption being 50 - 90 g/capita/day, milk and dairy products 120 - 130 g /capita/day and eggs 15 - 20 g/capita/day. Since this is the average for the country with consumption by the rich and poor often differing tenfold, consumption of livestock foods by the poor is of concern, given the many health attributes of livestock foods. The livestock sector in South Africa is a major role player in the conservation of biodiversity through a variety of well-adapted indigenous and non-indigenous breeds and rare game species. It has also shown commitment to rangeland/ecosystem conservation through conservative stocking rates, with several studies and observations reporting improvement in the condition of the natural resource. The sector has always been a major employer, but employment rate has declined steadily since 2000 because of increased minimum wages, fewer commercial farmers and increased property size. Some 245 000 employees with 1.45 million dependants, in addition to dependants on communal land and emerging farms, are employed on 38 500 commercial farms and intensive units with wages amounting to R 6 100 million (South African rand). Livestock farming is the backbone of the socio-economy and provides the sustenance of most non-metropolitan towns and rural communities. © Copyright resides with the authors.	Biodiversity; Livestock foods; Livestock numbers; Production; Socio-economic impact	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908233859	The impact of infrastructural change and regulation on entrepreneurial competitiveness in the South African telecommunications sector	Oberholzer S.M., Cullen M., Adendorff C.	2014	South African Journal of Business Management	45	3	None	5 Seaforth Road, Vincent, East London, South Africa; Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Business School, Port Elizabeth, South Africa	Oberholzer, S.M., 5 Seaforth Road, Vincent, East London, South Africa; Cullen, M., Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Business School, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Adendorff, C., Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Business School, Port Elizabeth, South Africa	The fast pace of technological advancements is regarded as one of the global drivers of change. In the telecommunications sector in South Africa, these technological advancements as well as sector transformation pose competitiveness challenges to entrepreneurs. This paper reports an empirical study performed to contribute to the promotion of entrepreneurial competitiveness within the telecommunications sector of the South African economy. From the empirical study, significant relationships proved to exist between the intervening- and independent variables and the dependent variable of this study, namely Perceived Entrepreneurial Competitiveness. The independent variable Infrastructural Change positively influenced both the intervening variable Entrepreneurial Orientation and dependent variable Perceived Entrepreneurial Competitiveness. In the same manner, the independent variables of Regulatory Alignment and Entrepreneurial Mindset did positively influenced Perceived Entrepreneurial Competitiveness within this study. The study found that entrepreneurs can position their businesses more competitively if the factors that impact directly or indirectly on Entrepreneurial Competitiveness in the South African Telecommunications sector are taken in consideration.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749017033	Milk yield and reproductive performances of lactating cows as affected by intakes of certain dietary macro minerals in Ethiopia	Tolla N., Vijchulata P.	2006	Livestock Research for Rural Development	18	9	None	Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand	Tolla, N., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Vijchulata, P., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand	This study was conducted to investigate the influences of dietary intakes of certain minerals on milk yield and reproductive performances of lactating cows fed on concentrate supplement with/without cottonseed cake and/or bole soil. Thirty-two pregnant Holstein Friesian cows with average body weight of 524±54 kg were blocked by their expected due date of calving as early (B1) and late (B2). Soon after calving animals were assigned in a randomized complete block design to one of the following four dietary treatments: concentrate alone (control) (C), 45% of the concentrate diet by weight substituted with cottonseed cake (C + CSC), concentrate plus 3% bole (lake soil) (C + Bole) and 45% of the concentrate substituted with cottonseed cake plus 3% bole (C + CSC + Bole) for 135 days of data collection. Statistically daily milk yield and FC milk yield were not ifferent among treatments. However, animals fed on the treatment diets of concentrate + CSC, concentrate + Bole and concentrate + CSC + Bole, produced 7.4, 16.3 and 18.2% respectively higher actual milk and 14.3, 24.2 and 25.7% respectively higher 4% fat corrected milk than the control group. Inclusion of bole soil alone as a mineral source or in combination with CSC supported higher daily actual and FC milk production than feeding concentrate diet with CSC alone. Days from calving to first estrus, days open and number of services per conception were not different among treatments. Nevertheless, Shorter intervals of days from calving to first estrus, days open and lowest number of services per conception were recorded for animals fed on concentrate diet with bole soil alone followed by those fed the control diet. Inclusion of 3% bole soil alone appeared to improve both milk yield and reproductive performances of dairy cattle.	Bole soil; Cottonseed cake; Cows; Ethiopia; Milk yield; Minerals; Reproduction	Animalia; Bos taurus; Friesia; Micropus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960494871	Measuring the influence of a journal using impact and diffusion factors	Sanni S.A., Zainab A.N.	2011	Malaysian Journal of Library and Information Science	16	2	None	54, Lekan Salami Complex, Ibadan, Nigeria; Digital Library Research Group, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia	Sanni, S.A., 54, Lekan Salami Complex, Ibadan, Nigeria; Zainab, A.N., Digital Library Research Group, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia	Presents the result of the calculated ISI equivalent Impact Factor, Relative Diffusion Factor (RDF), and Journal Diffusion Factor (JDF) for articles published in the Medical Journal of Malaysia (MJM) between the years 2004 and 2008 in both their synchronous and diachronous versions. The publication data are collected from MyAis (Malaysian Abstracting & Indexing system) while the citation data are collected from Google Scholar. The values of the synchronous JDF ranges from 0.057 - 0.14 while the diachronous JDF ranges from 0.46 - 1.98. The high diachronous JDF is explained by a relatively high number of different citing journals against the number of publications. This implies that the results of diachronous JDF is influenced by the numbers of publications and a good comparison may be one of which the subject of analysis have similar number of publications and citations period. The yearly values of the synchronous RDF vary in the range of 0.66 - 1.00 while diachronous RDF ranges from 0.62 - 0.88. The result shows that diachronous RDF is negatively correlated with the number of citations, resulting in a low RDF value for highly cited publication years. What this implies in practice is that the diffusion factors can be calculated for every additional year at any journal level of analysis. This study demonstrates that these indicators are valuable tools that help to show development of journals as it changes through time.	Bibliometrics; Journal diffusion factor; Journal evaluation measures; Journal impact factor; Quality and influence assessment of journals	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891641090	Reproductive performance of Abergelle goats and growth rate of their crosses with Boer goats	Belay S., Gebru G., Godifey G., Brhane M., Zenebe M., Hagos H., Teame T.	2014	Livestock Research for Rural Development	26	1	None	Abergelle Agricultural Research Centre, PO Box 492, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Mekelle Agricultural Research Centre, Tigray, Ethiopia	Belay, S., Abergelle Agricultural Research Centre, PO Box 492, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Gebru, G., Abergelle Agricultural Research Centre, PO Box 492, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Godifey, G., Mekelle Agricultural Research Centre, Tigray, Ethiopia; Brhane, M., Abergelle Agricultural Research Centre, PO Box 492, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Zenebe, M., Abergelle Agricultural Research Centre, PO Box 492, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Hagos, H., Abergelle Agricultural Research Centre, PO Box 492, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Teame, T., Abergelle Agricultural Research Centre, PO Box 492, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia	This study was undertaken to evaluate the pre and post weaning growth of F1 crossbred Boer-Abergelle goat kids, and reproductive performance of pure Abergelle under a semi-intensive management system. The study was implemented in Abergelle Agricultural Research Centre goat farm in northern Ethiopia. Three independent variables: namely birth type, sex and parity number and seven dependent variables: body weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), six-month weight (SMW), yearling weight (YW) and weight gains to weaning, six months and one year were analyzed. A total of 166 F1 kids of which 90 were from the first parity, 53 from the second and 23 from the third parity were used to evaluate the growth rate of the crossbred kids. Yearling weights of the crossbred kids were higher for males than for females. The highest values for WWG, SMWG and YWG were observed in the first parity. Average kidding interval of the Abergelle goats was 11.3 months with a minimum and maximum of 9 and 17 months, respectively. Prolificacy rates were 1.06, 1.11 and 1.07 in 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively. Generally, Boer-Abergelle F1 kids had high growth rates (range 73 to 113 g/day) and had low mortality, especially pre-weaning. Purebred Abergelle goats had long kidding interval and most had single births.	Crossbreeding; Growth; Mortality; Reproductive performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749415376	Comparative performances of Holstein-Friesian cows under smallholder and large scale farmers' management in Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia	Tolla N., Vijchulata P., Chairatanayuth P., Swsdiphanich S.	2006	Kasetsart Journal - Natural Science	40	1	None	Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Departement of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand	Tolla, N., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Vijchulata, P., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Chairatanayuth, P., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Swsdiphanich, S., Departement of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand	A study was conducted in Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia to assess comparative productive and reproductive performances of graded Holstein Friesian cows under small and large scale farmers' management. A total of 28 animals from both small (14) and large scales farms (14) in different parity classes were used for data collection for a period of 28 weeks. Significant differences were observed in daily intakes of dry matter, crude protein and P (p<0.001) as well as metabolizable energy and Na (p<0.01) between the two farming scales. Daily milk yield and fat corrected (FC) milk yields were also significantly (p<0.001) different. The differences in the composition of milk and postpartum reproductive parameters measured were not statistically significant (p>0.05) between the farm scales. However, the longer days open (171) was observed for small scale farms than the large scale farms (148). Days from calving to the first sign of estrus (115d) and numbers of services per conception (2.1) were higher on large scale farms than on the small scale farms (96 and 1.6 respectively). Milk yield, milk composition and reproductive efficiencies did not significantly (p>0.05) differ between parity classes. Generally, the productive and reproductive performances of graded Holstein Friesian cows in this study were under their expected genetic potential, as compared to other parts of the tropics. This might be attributed mainly to poor nutritional qualities of the available feed resources, in terms of protein, energy and mineral balance which needed further investigation.	Dairy cows; Ethiopia; Farm scales; Parity; Productivity	Animalia; Bos taurus; Friesia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57449101699	On-farm performance of Arsi-Bale goats in Ethiopia receiving different concentrate supplements	Guru M., Abebe G., Goetsch A., Hundessa F., Ebro A., Shelima B.	2008	Livestock Research for Rural Development	20	12	None	Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia; Ethiopia Sheep and Goat Productivity Improvement Program, P. O. Box 15566, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, P. O. Box 730, Langston, OK 73050, United States	Guru, M., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia; Abebe, G., Ethiopia Sheep and Goat Productivity Improvement Program, P. O. Box 15566, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Goetsch, A., American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, P. O. Box 730, Langston, OK 73050, United States; Hundessa, F., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia; Ebro, A., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia; Shelima, B., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia	An experiment was conducted to compare effects of supplements based on different byproduct feedstuffs on on-farm performance of yearling Arsi-Bale goats in the Adami Tulu district of Ethiopia. The study was conducted during the main growing season (wet season) at the time when most grazing land is cultivated. A farmer research group (FRG) was formed in each of three villages. Each FRG consisted of nine farm households, with eight contributing three animals and one providing six. A barn with three pens was constructed at one farm in each village. One or two animals from each farm were allocated to three supplementation treatments. Animals received supplements and resided at night in the barn pens. Supplements, offered at 2.5% of body weight, consisted of 50% wheat bran, 1% salt, and 49% noug cake (N), formaldehyde-treated noug cake (F-N), or linseed meal (L). Initial body weight was 14.5 (SE = 0.18 kg). Average daily gain was greater for L than for N (P < 0.05) and F-N (P < 0.08) (100, 113, and 134 g/day for N, F-N, and L, respectively; SE = 6.6). The difference between the increase in estimated animal value due to supplementation and supplement cost was 51.87, 61.1, and 79.75 Ethiopian birr per animal for N, F-N, and L, respectively. In conclusion, based on average daily gain and the greater concentration of metabolizable energy in linseed meal vs. noug cake, energy appeared relatively more limiting to performance than protein. Supplementation of goats with available byproduct feedstuffs offers a means of achieving marketable body weight and profit with suboptimal grazing conditions.	Daily gain; Formaldehyde; Linseed meal; Noug cake; Wet season	Animalia; Capra hircus; Triticum aestivum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-48249098482	Non-genetic factors influencing post-weaning growth and reproductive performances of Arsi-Bale goats	Dadi H., Duguma G., Shelima B., Fayera T., Tadesse M., Woldu T., Tucho T.A.	2008	Livestock Research for Rural Development	20	7	None	Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box: 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Bako Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box: 3, Bako, Ethiopia	Dadi, H., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box: 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Duguma, G., Bako Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box: 3, Bako, Ethiopia; Shelima, B., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box: 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Fayera, T., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box: 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Tadesse, M., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box: 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Woldu, T., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box: 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Tucho, T.A., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box: 35, Ziway, Ethiopia	A study was conducted to investigate the effects of non-genetic factors on post weaning growth and reproductive performances of Arsi-Bale goats maintained at Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center in the mid Rift Valley of Ethiopia. The fixed effects of year, season, dam parity, sex of kids and litter sizes on post weaning growth traits were investigated while dam age in addition to the above factors, was used in investigating the reproductive performances of does. Year significantly affected (P <0.05 and P <0.001) all traits considered in the study, except for the 18-month live weights of kids. Season did affect only weaning weight (3MW) of kids while parity significantly affected 3MW, 6 months weight (6MW), 6- to 12-months daily weight gain of kids (ADG2) and litter sizes. Its effect increased with increasing parity with heaviest 3MW (8.7kg) and 6MW (10.6kg) and largest litter sizes of 2.1±0.10 being achieved in sixth parity. Sex of kids significantly influenced (P <0.001) all growth traits considered in the current study, except for the 3-to 6-months growth rate of kids (ADG1). Males were heavier and grew faster than females. However, the effect of litter size was only on 3MW, 6MW and yearling weight (12MW). Single born kids were heavier at 3-, 6- and 12-months of age and the litter size effect disappeared thereafter. Dam age significantly affected age at first kidding. The effects of non-genetic factors on both growth and reproductive traits considered were significant and hence will need to be considered in goat breed improvement program.	Age at first kidding; Arsi Bale goat; Ethiopia; Kidding interval; Litter size; Parity; Season; Sex; Year	Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-49249101708	Comparison of body weight gain performance and carcass characteristics of the two Ethiopian cattle breeds under natural pasture grazing management	Negash M., Lemma T., Dadi H., Feyera T., Woldu T., Alemu T., Shilima B.	2008	Livestock Research for Rural Development	20	8	None	Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia	Negash, M., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Lemma, T., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Dadi, H., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Feyera, T., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Woldu, T., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Alemu, T., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Shilima, B., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia	The study was conducted to see the effect of breed and age on the body weight gain and carcass traits of Borana and Kereyu breed kept under natural pasture grazing management at Adami Tulu Agricultural research center. A total of 32 Borana and 32 Kereyu breed bulls of four age categories from each breed were used for the experiment. The parameters showed an increasing trend across age groups for Borana breed. The highest average daily weight gain were registered at the older age (4, 6, 8 years) respectively and the lowest at younger age (2 years). Fat thickness and dressing percentage of Borana breed was high, however statistically it is not significant (p>0.05). Borana breed managed under similar condition deposited significantly higher (p<0.05) internal fat. Similarly hot carcass and rib eye area were also recorded significantly higher (p<0.05) in Borana breed. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) observed between the two breeds among different age groups of bulls with regard to average total body weight gain (ATG) and average daily body weight gain (ADG). Leg total and accumulation of muscle on it was significantly higher (p<0.05) in Borana than Kereyu breed, but leg bone and fat did not significantly (p>0.05) vary. Loin total and accumulation of muscle on it was significantly higher (p<0.05) in Borana breed, but Loin bone and fat did not significantly (p>0.05) vary. Rack total, bone and accumulation of muscle on it was significantly higher (p<0.05) in Borana breed, but fat did not significantly (p>0.05) vary. Breast and Shank total, bone and accumulation of fat on it was significantly higher (p<0.05) in Borana breed, but muscle did not significantly (p>0.05) vary. Shoulder and neck total, muscle and accumulation of fat on it was significantly higher (p<0.05) in Borana breed, but bone did not significantly (p>0.05) vary. Primal cut proportions, total fat and muscle did not significantly (p>0.05) vary between the two breeds but the total bone was different between the two breeds. Generally Borana breed was preferred for good carcass yield than Kereyu breed in natural grazing management.	Age; Borana; Carcass trait; Kereyu; Range performance; Type	Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951882580	Impacts of land certification on tenure security, investment, and land market participation: Evidence from Ethiopia	Deininger K., Ali D.A., Alemu T.	2011	Land Economics	87	2	None	Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Deininger, K., Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ali, D.A., Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Alemu, T., Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	While early attempts at land titling in Africa were often unsuccessful, factors such as new legislation, low-cost methods, and increasing demand for land have generated renewed interest. A four-period panel allows use of a pipeline and difference-indifferences approach to assess impacts of land registration in Ethiopia. We find that the program increased tenure security, land-related investment, and rental market participation and yielded benefits significantly above the cost of implementation. © 2011 by the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System.	None	certification; implementation process; land market; land registration; land tenure; rental sector; tenure system; Ethiopia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887043992	Reproductive performance of dairy cows under artificial insemination in south and northwest part of Ethiopia	Ali T., Lemma A., Yilma T.	2013	Livestock Research for Rural Development	25	11	None	Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, P.O.Box 34, Debrezeit, Ethiopia	Ali, T., Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, P.O.Box 34, Debrezeit, Ethiopia; Lemma, A., Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, P.O.Box 34, Debrezeit, Ethiopia; Yilma, T., Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, P.O.Box 34, Debrezeit, Ethiopia	A cross sectional study and retrospective data analysis were conducted to examine and characterize the reproductive practices and outcomes by location (district) and to identify cow factors that influence reproductive efficiency of dairy cows under artificial insemination (AI). Data were collected on reproductive events from 428 dairy farms in four districts from two regional states of Ethiopia. The overall mean age at first calving (AFC) was 34.8 (n=386) months, where it was significantly different across locations (districts). Mean days for calving to first service interval (CFSI) and calving to conception interval (CCI) were 222 (n=320) and 257(n=234), respectively. Even if breed and location differences had no effect on CFSI; CCI was significantly affected by location. Number of service per conception (NSC) for pregnant cows were 1.55 (n=234) and there was statistically significant difference (P<0.05) in the NSC between districts and between breeds. First service conception rate (FSCR) was 40.9% with significant difference (P<0.05) between location (districts) and breeds. Days after last calving (DALC) were 260.8 (n=331) and had significant difference between breeds. All the traits studied did not differ significantly (P>0.05) between parities. In Ethiopia, location and breed differences are still the major determinants of reproductive performance of dairy cows.	Breed; Calving to conception interval; Number of service per conception; Parity; Region	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928138418	Land suitability evaluation to optimize land management of small-scale farms in the Gerado catchment, North-Eastern Ethiopia	Bahir A.L., Ahmed M.A., Antille D.L.	2015	Tropical Agriculture	92	1	None	Addis Ababa University, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; University of Southern Queensland, National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia	Bahir, A.L., Addis Ababa University, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ahmed, M.A., Addis Ababa University, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Antille, D.L., University of Southern Queensland, National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia	Biophysical and socio-economic constraints and sub-optimal utilization of soil and water resources have resulted in progressive reduction of land productivity in Ethiopia. This study investigated the suitability of land mapping units of the Gerado catchment for subsistence rainfed cultivation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), maize (Zea mays L.) and teff (Eragrostis tef Zucc.). A land resource survey was conducted and it identified nine different land mapping units (LMU). The FAO maximum limitation method was used to assess LMU and determine land suitability subclasses. The study indicated that soil erosion, soil wetness, soil fertility status, and soil workability were the main limiting factors affecting land quality within the catchment. We suggest that drainage using traditional ditches may be a cost-effective method to reduce the incidence of waterlogging conditions. Long-term fertility management requires the implementation of suitable fertilization programs that consider the use of organic materials such as manure and compost. Such programs need to account for nutrient budgets over the entire crop rotation to maximize use efficiency and minimize environmental losses. Soil erosion may be mitigated through stone terracing, soil bunding and by adopting a more conservative approach to agriculture, that is, by matching land use with land capability based on the correct assessment of land suitability. Implementation of the proposed approach to optimizing land management in the Gerado catchment will deliver a range of socio-economic and agri-environmental benefits to the local communities. © 2015 Trop. Agric.	Environmental quality; Land capability; Land-use optimization; Small-scale farming; Sustainable soil management; Tropical rainfed subsistence-agriculture	Eragrostis tef; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70049096250	Study on reproductive activity and evaluation of breeding soundness of jacks (Equus asinus) in and around Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	Lemma A., Deressa B.	2009	Livestock Research for Rural Development	21	8	None	Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Studies, P. O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	Lemma, A., Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Studies, P. O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Deressa, B., Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Studies, P. O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	An evaluation of the reproductive performance and breeding soundness of jacks was carried out through a study on phenotypic traits (n=107), castrated jacks (n=22) and semen evaluation (n=3). Measurements including age, body condition score (BCS), body weight and testicular parameters were taken. Semen was collected using artificial vagina and was subjected to both gross and microscopic evaluation. The overall mean (±SD) BCS, age, and body weight for the jacks in the phenotypic study were 3.32±0.8, 11.1±4.7years, and 126 ±14.6kg, respectively. There was a significant difference (p&lt;0.05) in the mean scrotal circumference between the different BCS categories. A highly significant (p&lt;0.001) difference was observed in scrotal circumference among the different age groups with adult animals having the largest scrotal circumference. The mean (±SD) testis weight of the castrates was 276±33g while the ratio of testis weight to body weight was 1:2.1. A significant correlation was found between testis weight and scrotal circumference (r=0.43, p&lt;0.05), testis weight and BCS (r=0.47, p&lt; 0.05), and testis weight and body weight (r=0.81, p&lt;0.001). The mean (±SD) semen volume was 39.9±14.5ml. The mean (±SD) jell-free volume, motility and sperm concentration were 28.8±10.7ml, 85.4±8.6%, and 533 ± 33.1 x 106/ml, respectively. BCS, scrotal circumference and testis weight were significantly correlated to sperm concentration (p&lt;0.05; r=0.69; r=0.85 and 0.80, respectively). The mean time to erection was 3.3 minutes while length to semen collection was 5.4 minutes. The present study shows critical evaluation of the phenotypic traits to be important for stud selection and breeding soundness evaluation of jacks such as in artificial insemination.	Ethiopia; Jacks; Reproductive performance; Semen analysis; Testicular parameters	Animalia; Carangidae; Equus asinus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-22444447492	Breeding efficiency, lifetime lactation and calving performance of Friesian-Boran crossbred cows at Cheffa farm, Ethiopia	Goshu G.	2005	Livestock Research for Rural Development	17	7	None	Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	Goshu, G., Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	Records of 602 cows maintained at Cheffa farm from 1976 to 1997 were used to analyze the variables breeding efficiency, herd life, and effective productive herd life, number of parity completed, number of calves produced and lifetime milk yield. The fixed factors considered were four levels of Friesian inheritance, three levels of season of birth or calving, nine levels of parity and 21 levels of year. General Linear Model was used to estimate the effect of independent factors. The overall mean for breeding efficiency was 66.3±0.49 and affected significantly (P&lt;0.001) by all factors. The overall mean for herd life and effective productive herd life were 2858±57.3 and 1301±47.6 days, respectively. Level of Friesian inheritance and year of birth effected significantly (P&lt;0.001) both traits. The overall mean for initiated parity and number of calves produced were 4.23±0.12 and 3.58±0.13, respectively and affected (P&lt;0.001) by level of inheritance and birth year of the cow but not by season of birth. Lifetime milk yield was 12749±483kg and significantly affected (P&lt;0.001) by level of inheritance and year of birth. Season of birth did not affect the trait significantly. The study showed that the F1 and 3/4Friesian inheritance cows had performed better than 15/16 groups. Breeding efficiency and lifetime productivity can be improved by placing efficient reproduction, feeding and health management at the farm.	Breeding efficiency; Cattle; Crossbreeds; Herd life; Season	Bos taurus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34447278543	Effect of parity, season and year on reproductive performance and herd life of Friesian cows at Stella private dairy farm, Ethiopia	Gebeyehu G., Belihu K., Berihun A.	2007	Livestock Research for Rural Development	19	7	None	Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 34, Debre Ziet, Ethiopia	Gebeyehu, G., Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 34, Debre Ziet, Ethiopia; Belihu, K., Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 34, Debre Ziet, Ethiopia; Berihun, A., Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 34, Debre Ziet, Ethiopia	A retrospective study was carried out at Stella Dairy Farm, Ethiopia, using 13 years data (1993 to 2006) to estimate number of services per conception (NSC), days open (DO), calving interval (CI), herd life (HL), number of lactations (NL) and productive age (PA). Fixed factors considered were parity (8+), season (3) and year (13). Data were analysed using the General Linear Model of SAS. Cumulative frequency (%) was used to study the distributions of DO and CI. The overall mean for NSC, DO and CI were 1.720±0.056 (n=619), 177±5.4 (n=448) days and 456±5.4 (n= 423) days, respectively. Parity had significant effect on NSC (P<0.05) DO and CI (P<0.001). Seasons of conception had no effect on the parameters studied. The overall means (n=105) for HL, NL, and PA were 3048±107days, 3.88±0.23 and 1753±106 days, respectively. Birth year significantly affected the variables. About a third of the heats inseminated required two or more services. About 47% of the DO and 58% of the CI had a length of 130 and 450 days or more, respectively. To improve the efficiency of reproductive performances and herd life, it is recommended to give attention in heat detection, timely insemination, adequate feeding, proper management of postpartum reproductive problems and early growth management of heifers.	Ethiopia; Fixed factors; Friesian; Herd life; Reproductive performance; Stella farm	Friesia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-28944434103	Reproductive performances of Fogera cattle and their Friesian crosses in Andassa ranch, Northwestern Ethiopia	Gebeyehu G., Asmare A., Asseged B.	2005	Livestock Research for Rural Development	17	12	None	Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Mekelle University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia	Gebeyehu, G., Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Asmare, A., Mekelle University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Asseged, B., Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	A study was conducted in Andassa Cattle Breeding and Improvement Ranch (ACBIR), northwestern Ethiopia, with the aims of assessing the reproductive performance of Fogera cattle and their Friesian crosses. The study involved the use of data compiled on record books and individual animal cards, and monitoring. General Linear Model (GLM) was used to analyze the data. The overall mean age at first service (AFS), number of services per-conception (NSC) and days open (DO) were 40.6±8 months, 1.62±0.1 and 305±10 days respectively. AFS was significantly affected by breed group; NSC and DO were significantly affected by parity of the cows; whereas season of birth/calving does not seem to have a significant effect on any of the traits measured. Although wide variations were recorded among study subjects, the performance of the breed (and the crosses) was low indicating that poor management prevails in the center. The wide ranges of values recorded, however, create an avenue to improve the performance of the breed or its crosses through rigorous selection procedures.	Crossbred; Fogera; Friesian; Parity; Season	Animalia; Bos taurus	None
WoS	WOS:000295110800006	Long-Term Impact of Residual Symptoms in Treatment-Resistant Depression	Cleare, Anthony J.,Fekadu, Abebaw,Markopoulou, Kalypso,Poon, Lucia,Rane, Lena J.,Wooderson, Sarah C.	2011	CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE	56	9	None	Addis Ababa University, Kings College London, University of London, S London & Maudsley Natl Hlth Serv Trust, South London & Maudsley NHS Trust	None	Objective: Although commonly encountered, little work has defined the longitudinal course of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and the influence of residual posttreatment symptoms on longer-term outcome. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of posttreatment clinical states on longer-term outcome. Method: Patients (n = 118) with TRD received specialist inpatient treatment and were followed-up for a median of 3 years. Longitudinal outcome dichotomized into good and poor outcome was used as the primary outcome and functional measures were used as secondary outcomes. Results: Among 118 treated patients, 40 (34%) entered clinical remission, 36 (31%) entered partial remission, and 42 (37%) remained in episode at discharge. At follow-up, 35% had longitudinally defined poor outcome. Posttreatment clinical status was the main predictor of both poor and good outcome. Nearly 50% of patients achieved postdischarge recovery, and subsequently had longer-term outcome, comparable with patients discharged in remission. Patients who remained in episode posttreatment were more symptomatically and functionally impaired. Conclusion: Posttreatment clinical states are a useful guide to clinicians for projecting the longer-term outcome of patients with TRD. The persistence of residual or syndromal symptoms predicts a poorer longer-term outcome, whereas treatment to remission is associated with better outcomes.	COURSE,"FOLLOW-UP STUDY",OUTCOME,"treatment-refractory depression","treatment-resistant depression",FOLLOW-UP,IMIPRAMINE,ISSUES,"MAJOR DEPRESSION",OUTCOMES,"PARTIAL REMISSION",RATING-SCALE,RECURRENCE,RELAPSE,STAR-ASTERISK-D	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78651456579	Psychological Constructs and Academic Performance at the National Open University of Nigeria: Counseling and Planning Implications	Nelson Adewole I., Olajide Olawole A., Maruff Akinwale O., Akinola Gbadebo A.	2010	European Journal of Social Sciences	18	1	None	Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Lagos, Nigeria; Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo, Nigeria	Nelson Adewole, I., Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Lagos, Nigeria; Olajide Olawole, A., Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo, Nigeria; Maruff Akinwale, O., Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Lagos, Nigeria; Akinola Gbadebo, A., Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Lagos, Nigeria	The recognition of the importance of distance education in providing students with the best and most up-to-date educational resources available in addition to the traditional teaching methods that they receive has led to rapid transformation of several traditional Universities from single mode to dual mode ones. With the growth and acceptance of distance education, it is important to ensure the success of students in the programme. This study therefore aimed at providing a causal explanation of distance learners' academic performance through the analysis of some students' psychological variables.The descriptive research design of the 'ex-post facto' type was adopted for the study. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 1500 participants while purposive sampling technique was adopted to select the National Open University of Nigeria. Data were collected through three validated and reliable questionnaires. Two research questions were raised and answered with the aid of multiple regression analysis. The three psychological variables had joint contribution of 15.6% to academic performance. The order of importance of these variables to the prediction of academic performance is self-regulation, self-efficacy and self-concept respectively. Only self-regulations made significant contribution to academic performance. Students should endeavour to inculcate good selfregulations skills.	Academic performance; Distance learning; Psychological variables	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-23744470700	Bread making quality evaluation of Ethiopian wheat cultivars using direct and indirect measures of quality traits	Dessalegn T., Labuschagne M.T., Van Deventer C.S.	2005	Cereal Research Communications	33	42403	None	Adet Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 08, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O.Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Dessalegn, T., Adet Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 08, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Labuschagne, M.T., Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O.Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Van Deventer, C.S., Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O.Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	The bread making quality of Ethiopian cultivars was studied using 18 quality traits at low and high protein environments. Significant variation was observed between genotypes with a broad range of milling, rheological and baking traits. Three different quality prediction models were constructed explaining 48% to 73% of the variation of mixing time and loaf volume, respectively. SDS-sedimentation alone accounted for 56% of the variation in loaf volume at the high protein environment. The variation of mixing time due to protein content alone was 37% at the low protein environment. SDS-sedimentation and mixograph mixing time were common in the three models. SDS-sedimentation, protein content and mixing time can be used as selection criteria in breeding programs where resources are limited. Hectoliter weight and grain weight also contributed to the variation of loaf volume and mixing time.	Loaf volume; Quality; Wheat	Triticum aestivum; Triticum aethiopicum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880115352	Effect of feeding Prosopis juliflora pods and leaves on performance and carcass characteristics of Afar sheep	Ali A.S., Tudsri S., Rungmekarat S., Kaewtrakulpong K.	2012	Kasetsart Journal - Natural Science	46	6	None	Afar Pastoral and Agro-pastoral Research Institute, Afar Region, Samara 16, Ethiopia; Department of Agronomy, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Department of Farm Mechanics, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand	Ali, A.S., Afar Pastoral and Agro-pastoral Research Institute, Afar Region, Samara 16, Ethiopia; Tudsri, S., Department of Agronomy, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Rungmekarat, S., Department of Agronomy, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Kaewtrakulpong, K., Department of Farm Mechanics, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand	Twenty Afar male sheep with initial mean body weight ± SD of 17.87 ± 1.19 kg were used to evaluate the effect of replacing commercial feed with Prosopis juliflora pods and leaves on growth performance, carcass and meat quality characteristics. Animals were equally divided into four dietary treatment groups for 120 d (Rhode grass hay (RGH), RGH + 300 g ground P. juliflora pods (PJP), RGH + 150 g each ground P. juliflora pods and leaves mix (PJPLM) and RGH + 300 g commercial concentrate mix (CCM) per head per day). Total dry matter and crude protein intakes increased (P < 0.05) in treatments supplemented with ground PJP and CCM. The average weight gain and meat quality parameters obtained by supplementing with 300 g ground PJP were significantly higher than the RGH and PJPLM treatment groups, but were comparable with that of CCM. The present study demonstrated the potential of using PJP for Afar lambs without adverse effects on growth and carcass characteristics. However, the intake of PJP reduced when mixed with leaves and this indicates the leaves are unpalatable.	Afar sheep; Carcass characteristics; Feed intake; Growth; Prosopis juliflora	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903559734	The lover and another: A consideration of the efficacy of utilizing a performance poetry competition as vehicle for HIV/AIDS education among young adults	Wilson D., Suter K.	2013	Matatu	43	1	None	University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Wilson, D., University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Suter, K., University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-60949700706	The impact of translation activities on the development of African languages in a multilingual society: Duramazwi reMimhanzi as a case-study	Mheta G.	2005	Lexikos	15	None	None	African Languages Research Institute, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe	Mheta, G., African Languages Research Institute, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe	The article examines the impact of translation activities on the development of African languages in the multilingual Zimbabwean society. It analyses Shona musical terms created through translation processes and strategies such as borrowing, coining, compounding and derivation. Focus is on the way this ongoing term-creation is contributing to improving or hindering the development of Shona. The importance of such processes and strategies are discussed in the broader context of empowering African languages. The article also offers recommendations on how best to produce systematized terminology in music and other specialized fields.	Borrowing; Coining; Compounding; Derivation; Development of African languages; Multilingual societies; Terminography; Terminology; Translation	None	None
WoS	WOS:000207805600007	How Insecurity Impacts on School Attendance and School Dropout among Urban Slum Children in Nairobi	Izugbara, Chimaraoke,Mudege, Netsayi N.,Zulu, Eliya M.	2008	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONFLICT AND VIOLENCE	2	1	None	African Populat & Hlth Res Ctr	None	This paper discusses how perceptions of personal security can impact on school enrolment and attendance. It mainly focuses on threats of physical harm, crime, and community and domestic violence. These security fears can include insecurity that children suffer from as they go to school, maybe through the use of unsafe routes; insecurity that children feel at school; and the insecurity they suffer from in their homes. Although poverty can be a source and/or an indicator of insecurity, this paper does not focus solely on poverty as it is well covered elsewhere in the literature. The paper relies on qualitative data collected in Korogocho and Viwandani slum areas in Nairobi, Kenya between October and November 2004. The paper analyses data from individual interviews and focus group interviews and focuses on the narrative of slum dwellers on how insecurity impacts on educational attainment. The conclusion in this paper is that insecure neighbourhoods may have a negative impact on schooling. As a result policies that address insecurity in slum neighbourhoods can also improve school attendance and performance.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745454177	The impact of cultural practices on the spread of HIV/AIDS: An anthropological study of selected countries in sub-Sarahan Africa	Nkwi P.N.	2005	Discovery and Innovation	17	SPEC. ISS.	None	African Population Advisory Council, Nairobi, Kenya	Nkwi, P.N., African Population Advisory Council, Nairobi, Kenya	Africa is a continent plagued by population problems. These problems have no common solution because they occur in such culturally diverse populations. What works under some cultural conditions simply may not work under others. Deeply entrenched cultural practices have serious implications for the spread of HIV/AIDS, as well as other communicable diseases. In Africa, HIV is spread largely through high-risk, heterosexual behaviours. People know the consequences of these behaviours, but changing them requires knowing their causes, both cultural and material. Community-based research by African Population Advisory Council (APAC) finds that cultural practices such as widow inheritance (the levirate), early marriage, polygamy, bodily scarifications, funeral sexual rites, concubinage, sexual initiation of girls, forced remarriage of widows, and various forms of genital cutting have enhanced, and continue to enhance, the spread of HIV/AIDS. Dealing with these practices must be part of an integrated policy on confronting the HIV/AIDS pandemic.	None	Human immunodeficiency virus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926201819	Feed formulation and feeding impact on the performance of dairy cows in Central Highland of Ethiopia	Assaminew S., Ashenafi M.	2015	Livestock Research for Rural Development	27	4	None	Agricultural College, ATVET, Holetta, Ethiopia; College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia	Assaminew, S., Agricultural College, ATVET, Holetta, Ethiopia; Ashenafi, M., College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia	The study was conducted on private urban and periurban dairy production systems around Holetta, Central Highland of Ethiopia, with the objective to assess the existing feed formulation and feeding of crossbred dairy cows in terms of nutrient supply in relation to the performances. Structured questionnaire and laboratory analysis for home-mixed concentrate were employed to generate data from a total of 60 dairy farms. The average of home-mixed concentrates chemical composition for urban and periurban farm, respectively, were 209 and 224 g/kg dry matter (DM) of crude protein (CP), 3.85 and 5.28 g/kg DM calcium (Ca) and 10.6 and 9.74 g/kg DM of phosphorus (P). The nutrients supplied per kg of milk through home-mixed concentrates for urban and periurban crossbred dairy cows, respectively, were 92.6 and 93.5 g CP, 1.70 and 2.21 g Ca and 4.69 and 4.04 g P. The average daily milk yield (ADMY)/cow/day, calving interval(CI) and days open(DO) for urban and periurban farms, respectively, were 11.1 and 9.28 kg, 14.3 and 15.4 months, and 152 and 176 days. Significant variations in terms of nutrient supply through home-mixed concentrate between the production subsystems of the study site existed. Thus, big variations in nutrient supply and imbalances resulted in an apparently low performance of dairy animals in terms of ADMY, CI and DO as compared to what was expected. © 2015, Fundacion CIPAV. All rights reserved.	Calving interval; Days open; Home-mixed concentrates; Milk yield; Periurban; Urban	Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36448939790	Reproductive performance of crossbred dairy cows in Eastern Lowlands of Ethiopia	Mureda E., Zeleke Z.M.	2007	Livestock Research for Rural Development	19	11	None	Agricultural College, ATVET, Holleta, Ethiopia; Bair Dar University, P.O.Box 1866, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia	Mureda, E., Agricultural College, ATVET, Holleta, Ethiopia; Zeleke, Z.M., Bair Dar University, P.O.Box 1866, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia	A study was conducted to assess reproductive performances of 304 crossbred (Holstein Friesian x Zebu) dairy cows kept in small (SSDP), medium (MSDP) and large scale dairy production (LSDP) systems in Eastern lowland of Ethiopia. The overall mean age at first service (AFS) and at first calving (AFC) across all production systems were 25.6 (n=283) and 36.2 (n=210) months, respectively. The AFS and AFC were significantly longer (P≤0.05) in the MSDP than in the SSDP and LSDP systems. The overall mean intervals from calving to first service (CFSI) and from calving to conception (CCI) were 162.5 (n=149) and 218.5 (n=108) days, respectively. The crossbred cows under SSDP management system had shorter (P≤0.05) CFSI and CCI than those managed under MSDP and LSDP. The CFSI and CCI were the longest (P≤0.05) for the first and beyond 6th parities as compared to 2nd, 3rd and 4th parities. The mean calving interval (CI) across all production systems was 17.8 (n=155) months. Cows managed under SSDP system had significantly shorter (P≤0.05) CI as compared to cows managed under MSDP and LSDP. The overall pregnancy, calving and conception to first service rates were 72.8%, 63.4% and 45.9%, respectively with no significant difference (P≥ 0.05) among production systems. In conclusion, crossbred cows under the SSDP management systems had better reproductive performance followed by cows in LSDP. Developing feed resource, effective reproductive health management and reliable AI service could be management options to mitigate some of the prevailing problems.	Crossbred cows; Production system; Reproduction	Bos; Bos indicus; Friesia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-53749102149	Effects of environmental variables on poultry performance and pond water quality in an integrated poultry/fishery farming	Falayi F.R., Ogunlowo A.S., Alatise M.O.	2008	European Journal of Scientific Research	20	4	None	Agricultural Engineering Department, The Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Falayi, F.R., Agricultural Engineering Department, The Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Ogunlowo, A.S., Agricultural Engineering Department, The Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Alatise, M.O., Agricultural Engineering Department, The Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	The need to find alternative but productive means of managing animal waste in the modern day agriculture waste cannot be over emphasised. One important means of managing these wastes is through conversion to important use either as animal feeds or as manures. Fish farming can be combined with poultry, animal husbandry and irrigation practices, which can lead to higher production and net profits. This practice is called integrated fish farming or integrated aquaculture. The integration of animal husbandry, especially poultry, with fish farming in a small scale results in the production of organic manure for the fertilization of the fish pond to increase the production of the natural food organism (planktonic algae) to be eaten by the fish. In some cases, the poultry wastes are used as direct food by some fish without supplementary feedings, such species include Nile Tilapia and catfish. An integrated poultry/fishery housing unit was designed and constructed such that poultry droppings were made to drop into the ponds directly and used as feed for clarias gariepinus. The set-up was made of four concrete ponds on which three wooden battery cages were mounted except the fourth pond which served as the control. The ponds were stocked with twenty (20) juvenile clarias garipinus each. There were four treatments and 3 replicates, fish in pond 1, two and three were fed with droppings from one broiler, two broilers and three broilers respectively. While fish in ponds 4 were fed with the fish concentrate. A total of 6 birds (4 weeks old) and 80 juvenile clarias gariepinus were used. This experiment lasted for 6 months. During this period, the environmental parameters were monitored and the effect of poultry waste on the development of the fish was analysed. There were remarkable differences in the microclimate inside and outside the building. The birds were well protected from harsh environmental conditions and a uniform development was recorded. Pollution resulting from the use of poultry droppings adversely affected the development of the fish. Increase in the volume of droppings led to increase in the Bio-Chemical oxygen demand and Chemical Oxygen demand of the pond water which consequently led to a decrease in the dissolved oxygen. Water turbidity also increased with increased droppings. Other water parameters like conductivity, chloride and pH values were within acceptable values suggested in literatures. The system has shown the possibility of effective poultry waste management technique which ensured that nothing is wasted and waste handling problem is grossly reduced. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2008.	Droppings; Fishery; Integrated; Pond; Poultry	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919790050	Comparative evaluation of economic benefits of earthen fish ponds and concrete tanks in aquaculture enterprises in Oyo state, Nigeria [Usporedba procjene ekonomske koristi zemljanih bazena ribnjaka i betonskih spremnika u akvakulturnom poduzetništvu držav	Olaoye O.J., Adegbite D.A., Oluwalana E.O., Vaughan I.O., Odebiyi C.O., Adediji A.P.	2014	Ribarstvo, Croatian Journal of Fisheries	72	3	None	Agricultural Media Resources and Extension Centre, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Institute of Food Security, Environmental Resources and Agricultural Research, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B.	Olaoye, O.J., Agricultural Media Resources and Extension Centre, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Adegbite, D.A., Agricultural Media Resources and Extension Centre, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Oluwalana, E.O., Agricultural Media Resources and Extension Centre, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Vaughan, I.O., Institute of Food Security, Environmental Resources and Agricultural Research, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State,, Nigeria; Odebiyi, C.O., Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Adediji, A.P., Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	The study focused on the comparative evaluation of economic benefits of earthen fish ponds and concrete tanks in aquaculture enterprises in Ibadan, Oyo state. Primary data were collected with the aid of structured interview schedule, administered through personal interviews and obser- vations to elicit information from 100 fish farmers using purposive and convenience sampling procedure. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive, budgetary and inferential statistics. The study revealed that the mean age, male, married, household size, educated and fish farm- ing experience were 41 years, 83.0%, 87.0%, 5 persons, 96.0% and 8 years, respectively. Earthen fish ponds users earned mean revenue of ₦3,322,189.85 with gross margin of ₦2,188,397.89 while concrete tank users earned ₦2,412,271.08 with gross margin of ₦1,413,299.46. The results showed profitability indices (0.61 and 0.47), Variable Cost ratio (0.35 and 0.30), Benefit Cost Ratio (2.55 and 1.89), Gross ratio (0.40 and 0.54) and Expenses structure ratio (0.13 and 0.23) for both the earthen ponds and concrete fish tanks, respectively. There were significant differences (t = 42.53, p≤0.05) between the profit level of earthen fish ponds and con- crete tanks. Major constraints affecting economic status of the respond- ents were high cost of quality feed, insufficient funds, poaching and poor marketing channel. In conclusion, aquaculture is a more profitable and vi- able business regardless of the culture system. Government should assist the fish farmers by subsidizing feeds cost, granting and monitoring of loan. © The Author(s) 2014. Published by University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture. All rights reserved.	Comparative evaluation; Concrete tanks; Earthen fish ponds; Economic benefits; Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903935462	Impact of microfinance bank loan on aquaculture development in Ogun State, Nigeria	Jacob O.O., Christianah O.O.	2013	Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities	21	3	None	Agricultural Media Resources and Extension Centre, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Jacob, O.O., Agricultural Media Resources and Extension Centre, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Christianah, O.O., Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	This study was conducted to assess the impacts of microfinance bank loan on beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries aquaculturists in Ogun state, Nigeria. A total of eighty aquaculturists (40 beneficiaries and 40 non-beneficiaries) were randomly selected from four agricultural extension zones, as classified by Ogun State Agricultural Development Programme (OGADEP). Data collected were scored and the percentages of the parameters were calculated appropriately. The types of loan disbursed to beneficiaries revealed that 27.5% was in kind, 7.5% in cash, and the remaining 65% was both in cash and kind. The credit package ranged between N50,000 and N250,000, with 40% of them ranging between N 100,001 and N150,000 were approved, and 70% of the loans were released timely. The results obtained from the membership of cooperative showed that 87.5% of the beneficiaries and 37.5% of the non-beneficiaries were cooperators. Meanwhile, 65% of the beneficiaries earned a higher income (N62,500), while only 42.5% of the non-beneficiaries earned this amount per respondent. Major constraints hindering aquaculture development in the study area include high cost of feeding, poor marketing channel, lack of adequate capital and high cost of investment. Lastly, recommendations are made for the financial institutions, government and other lending institutions on how to improve the livelihood of the aquaculturists, i.e. by increasing the loans that are usually granted. © Universiti Putra Malaysia Press.	Aquaculture; Constraints; Loan and microfinance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953759638	The effect of increasing levels of dried leaves of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) on dry matter intake and body weight gain performance of broiler finisher chickens	Tsega W., Tamir B.	2009	Livestock Research for Rural Development	21	12	None	Andassa Livestock Research Center, P.O. Box, 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Addis Ababa University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ethiopia	Tsega, W., Andassa Livestock Research Center, P.O. Box, 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Tamir, B., Addis Ababa University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ethiopia	This study was conducted with the objective of determining the effects of increasing levels of air dried leaves of sweet potato on dry matter intake and body weight gain of Ross broiler finisher chickens. Three hundred chicks with similar body weight of 540 ± 5.28 g and aging 29 days were randomly distributed using completely randomized design in to 15 pens each with 20 chicks and five treatment rations were allocated each with three replications. The five dietary treatments consisted of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% air dried leaves of sweet potato. The experimental feed ingredients as well as the formulated rations were analyzed for dry matter and nutrient contents. The experiment lasted for 28 days during which dry matter intake and body weight change was measured. The laboratory chemical analysis results showed that dried leaves of sweet potato contained 25% crude protein and 2672.44 kcal ME /kg dry matter, indicating its potential to be used as sources of both protein and energy. The dry matter intake and body weight gain of birds fed on diets containing dried leaves of sweet potato up to 10% inclusion was similar with the control group. But, beyond 10% air dried leaves of sweet potato inclusion, the dry matter intake and body weight gain were reduced from the control group. The results of this study suggested that inclusion of air dried leaves of sweet potato up to the level of 10% of the diet dry matter in the finisher ration might be considered as the optimum level of inclusion when birds are sold on live weight basis.	Byproducts; Poultry	Aves; Gallus gallus; Ipomoea batatas	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956305713	Milk yield and calf growth performance of cattle under partial suckling system at Andassa Livestock Research Centre, North West Ethiopia	Bitew A., Taye M., Kebede A., Mekuriaw G., Tassew A., Mulugeta T., Goshu G.	2010	Livestock Research for Rural Development	22	8	None	Andassa Livestock Research Centre, P.O.Box 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Bahir Dar University, P.O.Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; ANRS, Food Security Coordination and Disaster Prevention Office, P.O.Box 497, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O.Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	Bitew, A., Andassa Livestock Research Centre, P.O.Box 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Taye, M., Andassa Livestock Research Centre, P.O.Box 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Kebede, A., Andassa Livestock Research Centre, P.O.Box 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Mekuriaw, G., Bahir Dar University, P.O.Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Tassew, A., Bahir Dar University, P.O.Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Mulugeta, T., ANRS, Food Security Coordination and Disaster Prevention Office, P.O.Box 497, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Goshu, G., Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O.Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	Milk yield and calf growth performance of cattle under partial suckling system were studied at Andassa Livestock Research Centre from 2002-2008. The results of the study showed that mean partial lactation and daily milk yield of Fogera cows was 291 and 0.99 kg, respectively. Parity of cow and year of calving significantly affected both partial lactation and daily milk yield, while season of calving had no significant effect on both parameters. The mean lactation length was 292 days. Season of calving, parity of cow and year of calving significantly affected lactation length. Linear relationship between partial lactation milk yield and lactation length was observed. The overall mean birth weight obtained in the current study was 22.7 kg. Birth weight was significantly affected by breed of calf and birth year. The overall mean weights (kg) of calf at one month, three months, six months, nine months and at one year of age were 40.7, 56.5, 80.4, 121 and 120 kg, respectively. Weight at one month was significantly affected by all the fixed effects considered. The weights at three and six months of age were significantly affected by breed of calf and year of birth only. The overall mean daily body weight gain (g) from birth to one month, three months, six months, nine months and one year of age were 591, 374, 321, 359 and 272, respectively. Calf growth showed a significant correlation with the length of suckling period only until six months. Results of the present study showed that milk yield data generated through partial hand milking (two teats) revealed the existence of variability within the herd and improvements in productivity could be achieved through long term genetic selection. Weaning of calves could be practiced at six months of age to prevent the negative effect of longer suckling time on reproduction performance of the dam so as to increase calf crop productivity. Milk yield and calf growth performance of Fogera cattle and their crossbred under improved nutrition needs to be studied.	Calf crop; Fogera cattle; Hand milking; Partial lactation yield	Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880673961	Nutritional evaluation of different sources of nitrogen on digestible nutrient intake, nitrogen balance and production of rumen metabolites in growing Yankasa sheep	Abubakar M., Adegbola T.A., Abubakar M.M., Shehu Y., Ngele M.B., Kalla D.J.U.	2010	Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture	22	4	None	Animal Production Program, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Department of Biological Sciences, School of The Environment and Society, Singleton Park SA2 8PP, Swansea University, United Kingdom	Abubakar, M., Animal Production Program, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria, Department of Biological Sciences, School of The Environment and Society, Singleton Park SA2 8PP, Swansea University, United Kingdom; Adegbola, T.A., Animal Production Program, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Abubakar, M.M., Animal Production Program, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Shehu, Y., Animal Production Program, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Ngele, M.B., Animal Production Program, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Kalla, D.J.U., Animal Production Program, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria	A study was conducted to evaluate digestible nutrient intake, nitrogen balance and rumen metabolites in twenty growing Yankasa rams fed urea and /or sundried broiler litter (SDBL) as a partial or complete replacement for cotton seed cake (CSC) in diets for 90 days. The diets were: 1(CSC; control), 2(urea), 3(urea/SDBL), 4(CSC/urea) and 5(CSC/SDBL). The results indicated difference (P<0.05) in DM intake across diets, with animals fed CSC, urea and CSC/urea having the highest values (543.1, 523.4 and 483.6 g/day respectively), while those fed urea/SDBL and CSC/SDBL ((459.5 and 424.3g/day respectively) had the lowest feed intake. Mean digestible CP intake differed (P<0.001)across the diets and the values were higher for rams fed CSC and urea (75.7 and 72.7g/day) and lowest for those on CSC/SDBL (49.0g/day). However, mean digestible ADF intake was similar among the diets. A positive nitrogen balance was observed for all animals across the treatments, with significant (P<0.05) differences between treatments ranging from 4.3g/day for rams fed CSC/SDBL to 7.5g/day for those on urea. pH decreased with time after feeding. At 3 hrs post feeding, pH was highest (P<0.01) for rams fed CSC/SDBL and CSC/urea (6.9) and lowest for those on urea alone (6.1) and CSC (6.2). There was a gradual increase in the concentrations of both rumen ammonia-N (RAN) and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) after feeding. Rams fed urea and urea/SDBL (37.5 and 34.2mg/100ml respectively) had the highest (P<0.001) RAN concentration 3 hrs after feeding, while those on the other diets recorded the lowest. On the other hand, rams fed CSC/SDBL (13.1mmol/100ml) had the highest (P<0.001) VFA concentrations while those on urea the lowest (10.5mmol/100ml). It was concluded from this study that diets containing urea and CSC/urea fed to Yankasa sheep gave results comparable to those fed cotton seed cake (control), which are better than for those fed sundried broiler litterbased diets in terms of digestible nutrients intake, positive nitrogen balance and production of adequate rumen ammonia-N. However, rams fed CSC/SDBL had a better concentration of total volatile fatty acids of rumen fluid after feeding.	Nitrogen balance; Nitrogen sources; Nutrient intake; Rumen metabolites; Yankasa sheep	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857162854	Evaluation of "Cyscope", a novel fluorescence-based microscopy technique for the detection of malaria	Gwanzura L., Mayini J., Mabhanga K., Chipinduro J., Mashamba K., Mutenherwa M., Mutambu S.L., Mutsvangwa J., Mason P.R.	2012	Journal of Infection in Developing Countries	6	2	None	Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe; University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe; National Institute of Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe; Partec GmbH, Munster, Germany	Gwanzura, L., Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mayini, J., Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mabhanga, K., National Institute of Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe; Chipinduro, J., National Institute of Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mashamba, K., National Institute of Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mutenherwa, M., Partec GmbH, Munster, Germany; Mutambu, S.L., National Institute of Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mutsvangwa, J., Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mason, P.R., Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe	Introduction: This study was designed to compare the detection of malaria parasites in peripheral blood smears using the Cyscope malaria rapid fluorescent microscopic technique and light microscopy of Giemsa-stained smears. Methodology: A total of 295 blood smears were collected from patients of all age groups presenting with clinical signs and symptoms of malaria to 10 City Health Clinics in Harare. For each patient two blood films were prepared. Microscopic examination was done independently in two laboratories, with one performing the Giemsa stain and the other the Cyscope method. After the tests were completed, the results were then matched and recorded without any alterations. Results: An equal number of men and women were malaria positive and their ages ranged from five to 66 years. Concordance in the detection of parasites (positive or negative) was 98.6% (291/295). In all four cases of discordance, malaria parasites were detected using the Cyscope but not with conventional microscopy. The Cyscope gave a 100% sensitivity and a specificity of 98.6%. Conclusion: The Cyscope may be a valuable addition to diagnostics of malaria in resource-limited settings such as Zimbabwe. © 2012 Gwanzura et al.	Diagnosis; Fluorescence-based microscopy technique; Malaria; Resource-limited settings	adult; article; blood sampling; blood smear; cyscope test; female; fluorescence microscopy; Giemsa stain; human; major clinical study; malaria; male; sensitivity and specificity; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Female; Humans; Malaria; Male; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Middle Aged; Parasitemia; Sensitivity and Specificity; Young Adult; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878992794	Evaluation of the undergraduate physics programme at indira gandhi national open university: A case study	Mishra A., Vijayshri, Garg S.	2009	International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning	10	6	None	BJB College, Bhubaneswar, India; Indira Gandhi National Open University, India; National University of Lesotho, South Africa	Mishra, A., BJB College, Bhubaneswar, India; Vijayshri, Indira Gandhi National Open University, India; Garg, S., National University of Lesotho, South Africa	The undergraduate science programme was launched at the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) in 1991-92 with an enrolment of 1,210 students. The programme was well received, and enrolments increased over the years. However,the success rates have not kept pace with enrolment. In this paper, the authors report the results of an evaluation of the undergraduate physics programme at IGNOU. The evaluation, the first of its type for this programme, adapted the major tenets of the CIPP model. The findings are based on the responses from a randomly chosen sample of 509 learners across India. The methods employed for the study include records, document, and database analysis, surveys, and case studies. Although the University has enhanced access to higher science education, the attrition rate is high (73%), and the success rate is low. The authors recommend that the University review and reorient its strategies for providing good quality, learner-centred higher education in science subjects. The programme should address the concerns of the learners about the effectiveness of the student support systems, the difficulty level, and the learner-friendliness of study materials with the goal of achieving long-term sustainability while maintaining parity with the conventional system. The need for improving the presentation of the courses and simplifying the mathematical details is emphasised.	Open learning; Physics; Science education	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-35348871884	Evaluation of weigh-in-motion accuracy by simulation	Slavik M.	2007	Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering	49	3	None	BKS, South Africa; BKS (Pty) Ltd., PO Box 3173, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	Slavik, M., BKS, South Africa, BKS (Pty) Ltd., PO Box 3173, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	A method for the evaluation of accuracy of weigh-in-motion (WIM) scales based on Monte Carlo simulation Is proposed. The objective of the method is to assist with decision on acceptance of the tested WIM scale as sufficiently accurate, or its rejection. Conceptually, the method considers a 'nebula' of possible populations that could supply the observed sample of n weighing errors. Excessive WIM weighing error is defined as an error falling outside a specified acceptance region. The percentage of excessive errors, Q, is then determined in each of the above populations. The distribution of Q Is constructed and the probability of Q exceeding a tolerable limit Qcrit is determined from this distribution. Verdict on acceptance or rejection is formulated in terms of the above probability and displayed graphically. Also graphically displayed are risks of wrong acceptance and wrong rejection. This allows the user to make decisions with a full view of consequences. The method is simple to use and its applications Indicate that, when using conventional WIM-accuracy testing procedures, one may under-estimate the risk of wrong decision. The objective of the paper is to Introduce and explain the principle of a method for correct evaluation of accuracy of weigh-in-motion scales. The purpose of the method is to assist with decisions on acceptance of the tested scale as sufficiently accurate, or its rejection.	Risk of wrong acceptance or rejection; Simulation; Weighing error; WIM accuracy	Weighing error; WIM accuracy; Computer simulation; Decision making; Monte Carlo methods; Probability; Risk analysis; Building codes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-23344435343	Performance of the CardioChek™ PA and Cholestech LDX® point-of-care analysers compared to clinical diagnostic laboratory methods for the measurement of lipids	Panz V.R., Raal F.J., Paiker J., Immelman R., Miles H.	2005	Cardiovascular Journal of South Africa	16	2	None	Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Services, Department of Chemical Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Panz, V.R., Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Raal, F.J., Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Paiker, J., National Health Laboratory Services, Department of Chemical Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Immelman, R., National Health Laboratory Services, Department of Chemical Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Miles, H., National Health Laboratory Services, Department of Chemical Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Point-of-care (POC) blood testing is intended to provide results more rapidly than can be obtained from a central laboratory. Precision and accuracy of the CardioChek PA and Cholestech LDX analysers were compared to clinical diagnostic laboratory methods. In 100 patients, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were measured by both analysers and compared to those analysed by the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) laboratory. Data were evaluated for conformance with National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) guidelines. Results were grouped into low, middle and high ranges and were similar to those obtained by the NHLS, except in the high range where TC and LDL-C levels were under-read by both analysers. All analytes measured by both analysers correlated significantly with NHLS (p < 0.0001). With the exception of LDL-C, both analysers showed reasonable compliance with NCEP goals for coefficients of variation and bias measurements. Both analysers met NCEP guidelines for all analytes at two clinical cut-off points. We concluded that, compared to NHLS methods, performance of the CardioChek PA and Cholestech LDX analysers is acceptable and that they offer healthcare professionals a rapid, POC method for the measurement of lipids.	None	high density lipoprotein cholesterol; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; triacylglycerol; biological marker; lipid; analytic method; article; blood testis barrier; cholesterol blood level; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; hospital information system; human; laboratory test; lipid analysis; major clinical study; triacylglycerol blood level; blood; blood examination; comparative study; diagnosis, measurement and analysis; evaluation; hyperlipoproteinemia type 2; methodology; sensitivity and specificity; Biological Markers; Hematologic Tests; Humans; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II; Laboratory Techniques and Procedures; Lipids; Point-of-Care Systems; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44449119917	Improving daily production capacity and energy efficiency in sugar refineries and sugar mills with CarboUA high performance process aids	Bushong J.H., Bogari A., González C.A.D., Odipo W., Marroquin J.M.P., Massucato A.L., Sarir E.M.	2008	International Sugar Journal	110	1313	None	CarboUA, Philadelphia, United States; United Sugar Company, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; CarboUA, CaIi, Colombia; CarboUA, Nairobi, Kenya; CarboUA, Guatemala City, Guatemala; CarboUA, São Paulo, Brazil; CarboUA, Beverly Hills, United States	Bushong, J.H., CarboUA, Philadelphia, United States; Bogari, A., United Sugar Company, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; González, C.A.D., CarboUA, CaIi, Colombia; Odipo, W., CarboUA, Nairobi, Kenya; Marroquin, J.M.P., CarboUA, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Massucato, A.L., CarboUA, São Paulo, Brazil; Sarir, E.M., CarboUA, Beverly Hills, United States	With reference to case studies, this paper describes and discusses the use of CarboUA high performance process aids for increasing sugar refinery and sugar mill process efficiency via improvements in daily sugar process throughput (from increased operating Brix and/or higher average process flow rates), an increase in conversion rate of feed sugar to raw sugar (mill) or refined sugar (refinery), an associated reduction in energy, and improvements in final product quality.	Efficiency; Energy; Mill; Production; Refinery; Sugar	Conversion rates; Daily production; Energy; Mill; Process efficiency; Process throughput; Refined sugars; Refinery; Efficiency; Production; Refining; Sugar factories; Sugars; Energy efficiency; Polygala incarnata	None
WoS	WOS:000208237600006	An Evaluative Study of a Distance Teacher Education Program in a University in Ghana	Sampong, Kwasi Addo	2009	INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING	10	4	None	Cent Univ Coll	None	The study used an adaptation of Provus' discrepancy evaluation model to evaluate a distance teacher education program in the University of Cape Coast, the premier teacher education institution in Ghana. The study involved comparing performance data of the program as perceived by students and faculty/administrators to standards prepared from the program's design. Performance data was obtained by administering two survey instruments to a random sample of students and faculty/administrators. Discrepancies between performance and standards were reported. The study concluded that although there were some discrepancies between program standards and performance the program is fulfilling its purpose of upgrading the professional and academic performance of a large number of teachers in the public K-8 schools in Ghana.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-40549146585	Impact of Redbilled Quelea control operations on wetlands in South Africa	Lötter L.	2008	International Pest Control	50	1	None	Agricultural Research Council, ARC, Plant Protection Research Institute, PPRI, Private bag X 134, Queenswood, Pretoria 0121, South Africa	Lötter, L., Agricultural Research Council, ARC, Plant Protection Research Institute, PPRI, Private bag X 134, Queenswood, Pretoria 0121, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	bird; crop damage; migratory species; pest control; wetland; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Quelea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958027963	Field evaluation of maize inbred lines for resistance to Exserohilum turcicum	Craven M., Fourie A.P.	2011	South African Journal of Plant and Soil	28	1	None	Agricultural Research Council, Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag 1251, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa	Craven, M., Agricultural Research Council, Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag 1251, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa; Fourie, A.P., Agricultural Research Council, Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag 1251, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa	Nine maize inbred lines with excellent grey leaf spot resistance and good combining ability were evaluated for their reaction to infection by Exserohilum turcicum. The lines were compared to a differential set consisting of Oh43 and B73 (susceptible controls) and OMZHt1B, Oh43Ht2, Oh43Ht3, B37HtN (containing resistant genes) in both growth chamber and field trials. All nine lines possessed seedling resistance to northern corn leaf blight (NCLB). Two field trials were planted over two growing seasons (2007/08 and 2008/09) as randomized complete block designs with three replicates. Trials were inoculated twice (at the 4-5 and 8-12 leaf stages) with NCLB and disease assessments made at growth stages R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5. Disease progress curves were created and total severity (yt), diseased plant severity (ydp) and AUDPC were determined for each replicate. Linearised forms of the exponential, logistic and Gompertz models were fitted to the disease-progress data and the best model selected for each trial. Rate of disease increase (r) and level of disease at the onset of the epidemic (y0; time=0) were obtained from which y0* (back-transformed from y0) were determined. Canonical variate analysis (CVA) indicated that yt, ydp, sAUDPC and y0* were responsible for 73.68% of the variation observed between the lines, with r explaining 15.44% of the variation. Ranking of lines were based on their yt, y dp, sAU-DPC and y0* performance. GLS resistant lines 185-2, 182-2, 72-2A and 182-1 demonstrated higher levels of resistance to NCLB than that of lines Oh43Ht1B, Oh43Ht2, Oh43Ht3 and B37HtN while 122-2, 578 and 72-3 showed higher levels of resistance than that of Oh43Ht2 and B37HtN.	Canonical variate analysis; Cercospora maydis; Northern corn leaf blight; Sources of resistance; Zeamays	canonical analysis; disease resistance; disease severity; fungal disease; growing season; logistics; maize; Cercospora; Setosphaeria turcica; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548216169	Evaluation of selected herbicides for the control of European gorse (Ulex europaeus L) by cut-stump and foliar treatment	Viljoen B.D., Stoltsz C.W.	2007	South African Journal of Plant and Soil	24	2	None	Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, P.O. Box 318, Uitenhage 6230, South Africa	Viljoen, B.D., Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, P.O. Box 318, Uitenhage 6230, South Africa; Stoltsz, C.W., Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, P.O. Box 318, Uitenhage 6230, South Africa	European gorse (Ulex europaeus L) is a persistent, declared weed (Category 1) of South Africa. Current distribution is limited to the moist, high altitude regions of the Drakensberg (KwaZulu Natal Province) and Amatola (Eastern Cape Province) mountains. Gorse poses a threat to the plant diversity of forests, where it could establish itself quickly and occupies the site indefinitely. Once established, gorse can be difficult to eradicate, as it resprouts if cut or burnt and no herbicide was registered in South Africa at the time of this research on its control. The objective of this investigation was therefore to evaluate selected herbicides at various concentrations using different application techniques. Picloram and triclopyr ester proved the most effective and consistent across all application methods, while imazapyr is also recommended for cut-stump treatment. As a result of this research, both picloram and triclopyr were registered under Act 36 (1947) for the control of European gorse by means of cut stump and foliar treatment.	Chemical control; Declared weed; European gorse; Herbicides; Ulex europaeus	agroforestry; herbicide; species diversity; weed control; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Ulex europaeus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957201164	Preliminary evaluation of residual herbicides for the control of camelthorn bush (Alhagi maurorum Medik.)	Viljoen B.D., Stoltsz C.W., Van Der Rijst M.	2010	South African Journal of Plant and Soil	27	2	None	Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, P.O. Box 318, Uitenhage, 6230, South Africa; Agricultural Research Council, Biometry Unit, Private Bag X5013, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa	Viljoen, B.D., Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, P.O. Box 318, Uitenhage, 6230, South Africa; Stoltsz, C.W., Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, P.O. Box 318, Uitenhage, 6230, South Africa; Van Der Rijst, M., Agricultural Research Council, Biometry Unit, Private Bag X5013, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa	Camelthorn bush (Alhagi maurorum Medik.) invasion in South Africa is a serious, but still relatively localized problem, with the potential to spread into many other parts of the country. Previous research revealed the difficulty in killing the deep extensive root system when using foliarapplied herbicides. The small leaf area available for herbicide absorption relative to the large root system and the apparent inability of foliar-applied herbicides to translocate in sufficient quantity beyond the root crown are probably some of the main reasons for the poor levels of control normally achieved. It stands to reason that residual herbicides that are root absorbed may be a better option to enhance control. Tebuthiuron 200 g kg1 (Molopo 200 GG) is an example of such a herbicide and is presently the only product registered for control of camelthorn bush in South Africa. However, since the plant is often a problem in cultivated areas and since tebuthiuron has a long-term soil sterilizing effect, this product has limited practical application value for control of camelthorn bush. The objective of this study was to investigate other residual herbicides that would have a lower residual impact on the soil. Results showed that both imazapyr 250 g ℓ-1 SL (8 ℓ ha-1) and metsulfuron-methyl 600 g kg-1 WP (13.33 kg ha-1) outper-formed all other treatments and sustained good levels of population control for at least 2 years after application. It is recommended that the registration holders of these products conduct further trials for the purpose of registration to control camelthorn bush.	Chemical control; Herbicides; Invasive vegetation; Noxious weed	biological invasion; herbicide; leaf area; legume; pesticide application; pesticide residue; root architecture; root system; translocation; weed control; South Africa; Alhagi maurorum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053892761	Preliminary evaluation of soil-residual herbicides for the control of silver-leaf bitter apple (Solarium elaeagnifolium Cav.)	Viljoen B.D., Stoltsz C.W., Van Der Rijst M.	2011	South African Journal of Plant and Soil	28	2	None	Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, P.O. Box 318, Uitenhage, 6230, South Africa; Agricultural Research Council, Biometry Unit, Private Bag X5013, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; Hofmeyer Street, Despatch, 6220, South Africa	Viljoen, B.D., Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, P.O. Box 318, Uitenhage, 6230, South Africa, Hofmeyer Street, Despatch, 6220, South Africa; Stoltsz, C.W., Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, P.O. Box 318, Uitenhage, 6230, South Africa; Van Der Rijst, M., Agricultural Research Council, Biometry Unit, Private Bag X5013, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa	Solatium elaeagnifolium Cav., commonly known as silver-leaf bitter apple, silverleaf nightshade or "satansbos",has become one of the most important emerging weeds in South Africa, with the potential to spread throughoutsome of the major crop growing areas of the country. Consequently, it has been declared a weed of nationalimportance. Previous research revealed the difficulty in killing the extensive root system when using foliarapplied herbicides. The small leaf area for herbicide absorption relative to the large root system and apparentinability to translocate sufficient herbicide beyond the root crown are believed to be some of the main reasonsfor the poor levels of control achieved. Since herbicides capable of being absorbed by the roots may be moreeffective, a study was undertaken to evaluate a range of soil-residual herbicides in the hope of improving control.While imazapyr 250 g V SL applied at 81 ha"1initially caused the most significant reduction in weed populationlevels, it was ultimately tebuthiuron 500 g !"1 SC and a bromacil/tebuthiuron mixture 250/250 g ("1 SC applied at32 J ha"1 that sustained the best long-term control. However, the high cost and long soil residual nature of theseproducts would seriously limit their application value in cropping areas and sensitive habitats. Nonetheless, theymay be useful for controlling isolated dense patches on fallow land and along roadsides, away from desirablevegetation, steep slopes or watercourses. The registration holders of these products are encouraged to conductfurther evaluations using lower rates, as well as combining these products with foliar applied herbicides, toreduce costs and potential environmental impacts if used in sensitive habitats.	Chemical control; Noxious weed; Satansbos; Silverleaf nightshade	dicotyledon; environmental impact; herbicide; pesticide residue; root system; tolerance; translocation; weed control; South Africa; Citrullus colocynthis; Solanum elaeagnifolium; Solarium	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80455131226	The effect of dosing Megasphaera elsdenii NCIMB 41125 (Me) on lactation performance of multiparous Holstein cows	Henning P.H., Erasmus L.J., Meissner H.H., Horn C.H.	2011	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	41	2	None	Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag x2, Irene 0062, South Africa; Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa; Megastarter Biotech Pty Ltd T/A MS Biotech, PO Box 10520, Centurion 0046, South Africa	Henning, P.H., Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag x2, Irene 0062, South Africa, Megastarter Biotech Pty Ltd T/A MS Biotech, PO Box 10520, Centurion 0046, South Africa; Erasmus, L.J., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa; Meissner, H.H., Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag x2, Irene 0062, South Africa; Horn, C.H., Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag x2, Irene 0062, South Africa	The objective of the study was to determine whether early post-partum dosing of Megasphaera elsdenii NCIMB 41125 (Me) will be beneficial to performance of high producing TMR-fed cows. Sixty multiparous Holstein cows were randomly allocated to four treatments (60% or 70% concentrate diet and placebo or Me [single oral dose of 1011 cfu in 250 mL suspension on day of calving and Days 10 and 20 post-partum, respectively]). Observations were recorded between calving and 80 days post-partum. Performance data were analysed for all 60 cows combined and for the 40 highest producing cows only, since they were considered more susceptible to ruminal acidosis. For all 60 cows, body weight, condition score and milk yield tended to increase with Me, but data for the 40 highest producing cows suggested that this response could be ascribed primarily to higher producing cows on the higher concentrate diet. Dry matter intake and milk protein were not affected by Me, whereas milk fat percentage increased with Me but only in cows on the 60% concentrate diet. Results support the hypothesis that dosing with Megasphaera elsdenii is most likely to benefit higher producing cows with greater risk of acidosis.	Body weight; Concentrate; Dairy cow; Feed intake; Milk yield; Sara	Bos; Megasphaera elsdenii	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954164867	Effect of Megasphaera elsdenii NCIMB 41125 drenching on health and performance of steers fed high and low roughage diets in the feedlot	Leeuw K.-J., Siebrits F.K., Henning P.H., Meissner H.H.	2009	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	39	4	None	Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa; Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Megastarter Biotech Pty LTD t/a MS Biotech, P.O. Box 10520, Centurion 0046, South Africa; 189 Van Riebeeck Avenue, Centurion 0157, South Africa	Leeuw, K.-J., Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Siebrits, F.K., Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Henning, P.H., Megastarter Biotech Pty LTD t/a MS Biotech, P.O. Box 10520, Centurion 0046, South Africa; Meissner, H.H., Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa, 189 Van Riebeeck Avenue, Centurion 0157, South Africa	Lactate utilising bacteria (LUB) assist in reducing the risk of ruminal lactate acidosis when high concentrate diets are fed to feedlot cattle. Ruminal lactate acidosis can lead to lower animal performance and morbidity. Preliminary studies suggested that the strain, Megasphaera elsdenii (M.e.) NCIMB 41125, is a particularly potent LUB. The potential of M.e.NCIMB 41125 to improve the health and performance of feedlot cattle was investigated. Four hundred and forty eight Bonsmara steers (ca. 240 kg) were used in a 100-day feeding trial. Half the steers received at processing 200 mL M.e.NCIMB 41125 per os (LY) and the other half no LUB (LN). The diets in each of these treatments were divided into a low roughage (2%) (RL) and high roughage (8%) (RH) diet. The effects of LY vs. LN, RL vs. RH as main effects and their respective interactions (LYRL, LYRH, LNRL & LNRH) were compared in terms of morbidity, feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. The steers were weighed at two week intervals, feed was offered daily and the orts were removed weekly from each pen. The faecal consistency score and incidence of morbidity were recorded. At slaughter, carcass data were collected and the health status of the liver and rumen epithelium was assessed. Steers dosed with M.e.NCIMB 41125 had a 5.6% better average daily gain (ADG) during weeks 3 - 5 (2.09 kg/day vs. 1.98 kg/day for LY and LN, respectively). Feed conversion ratio (FCR, Weeks 1 - 13) was better for the steers fed the RL than the RH treatment (4.72 kg/kg vs. 4.99 kg/kg for RL and RH, respectively). Steers on the LNRH treatment during weeks 3 - 5 used more feed per kg gain than steers on the other treatments (5.39 kg/kg for LNRH vs. 4.74 kg/kg and 4.72 kg/kg for LYRL and LNRL, respectively). More steers (21) on the LNRL treatment were treated for morbidity than on the other treatments (8, 7 and 5 for LYRL, LYRH and LNRH, respectively). In general, animal performance was not improved by dosing with M.e.NCIMB 41125, but since ADG was improved in the immediate postadaptation phase (weeks 3 - 5) and morbidity levels were lower on the low roughage diet, dosing of steers on low roughage, lactate acidosis-prone, diets with M.e.NCIMB 41125 should prove useful. © South African Society for Animal Science.	Acidosis; Beef cattle; Lactic acid utilising bacteria; Morbidity	Animalia; Bacteria (microorganisms); Bos; Megasphaera elsdenii	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053905827	Comparative performance of tomato cultivars cultivated in two hydroponic production systems	Maboko M.M., Du Plooy C.P., Bertling I.	2011	South African Journal of Plant and Soil	28	2	None	Agricultural Research Council, Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute, Private Bag X 293, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Horticultural Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg, 3201, South Africa	Maboko, M.M., Agricultural Research Council, Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute, Private Bag X 293, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa, Horticultural Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg, 3201, South Africa; Du Plooy, C.P., Agricultural Research Council, Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute, Private Bag X 293, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Bertling, I., Horticultural Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg, 3201, South Africa	Cultivar selection for different hydroponic production systems is an important management decision, potentially impacting the tomato grower's profitability. Knowledge on the performance of tomato cultivars, in specific hydroponic systems (open-bag and closed system) under South African conditions, is still very limited. The performance of four cultivars was evaluated in an open and a closed hydroponic (gravel-film technique) system. The commonly grown cultivars evaluated in each of the two hydroponic systems were 'FA593', 'Malory', 'Miramar' and 'FiveOFive'. For each experiment a randomized complete block design was used with four replicates. Total, marketable and unmarketable yields, as well as internal fruit quality characteristics (total soluble solids (̊Brix) and pH) were determined. Although no significant differences in total yield could be established - neither in the open nor in the closed hydroponic system - differences in marketable yield were observed. 'Miramar' and 'FiveOFive' produced the highest marketable yield in the closed system; the high unmarketable yield of 'FA593' and 'Malory' in the closed hydroponic system could be attributed to the high number of cracked fruit due to their inherent larger fruit size. There were no significant differences in ̊Brix between cultivars in the closed system. Cultivar 'FiveOFive', 'FA593' and 'Miramar' produced higher marketable yields than cultivar 'Malory' when grown in the open-bag system. 'Malory' and 'FA593' produced the highest number of fruit exhibiting fruit cracking in the open bag system. In the open system, only cultivar 'Malory' had a higher ̊Brix than 'Miramar' and 'FiveOFive'. The most promising cultivars for local hydroponic tomato production, with regard to yield and quality, were identified as 'Miramar' and 'FiveOFive', with 'FA593' performing equally in the open system only. Further studies need to be undertaken on economical comparison of the two production systems.	Closed hydroponic system; Fruit cracking; Marketable yield; Open hydroponic system	agricultural market; agricultural research; comparative study; crop production; crop yield; cultivar; cultivation; decision making; experimental design; fruit; fruit production; hydroponics; nutritive value; performance assessment; profitability; South Africa; Lycopersicon esculentum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861986901	Evaluation of aqueous extracts of five plants in the control of flea beetles on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)	Onunkun O.	2012	Journal of Biopesticides	5	SUPPL.	None	Agricultural Science Department, Adeyemi College of Educatio, P.M.B. 520, Ondo, Nigeria	Onunkun, O., Agricultural Science Department, Adeyemi College of Educatio, P.M.B. 520, Ondo, Nigeria	The emergence of biodegradable pesticides as safe option has reduced the problems that result from the use of synthetic insecticides, thus creating a renewed interest in their development and use in integrated pest management of crops. The objective of this study was to investigate the insecticidal properties of the water extracts of Jatropha curcas, Vernonia amygdalina, Ageratum conyzoides, Chromolaena odorata (L) and Annona squamosa on two species of flea beetles (Podagrica uniforma and P. sjostedti (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) infesting okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench), variety NHAE 47-4). The leaves and seeds of the plants used in the experiment were collected from the locality, washed and shade dried. A synthetic insecticide, lambda-cyhalothrin (karate) was included in the treatments as a standard check alongside the untreated (control). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with seven treatments and four replicates. The efficacy of the treatments was based on reduction in flea beetles and percentage reduction in population of the pests. The results showed that only three of the plant extracts (Jatropha curcas, Vernonia amygdalina and Annona squamosa) significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the population of the two flea beetles at 64%, 55% and 49%, respectively. Though the other two botanicals were not significant in reducing the population of the pests, they were better than the control. All the plant extracts tested were not as effective as the synthetic insecticide in reducing flea beetles population. Among the tested plants, J. curcas, was found to be more effective, hence its use by resource poor farmers is recommended in the protection of okra against the infestation of P. uniforma and P. sjostedti.© JBiopest.	Biodegradable; Botanicals; P. sjostedti; Plant extracts; Podagrica uniforma	Abelmoschus; Abelmoschus esculentus; Ageratum conyzoides; Alticini; Annona squamosa; Chromolaena; Chromolaena odorata; Chrysomelidae; Coleoptera; Gymnanthemum amygdalinum; Jatropha curcas; Podagrica; Siphonaptera (fleas); Vernonia amygdalina	None
None	None	Use of hybrid cultivars in Kagera region, Tanzania, and their impact	Edmeades S., Nkuba J.M., Smale M.	2007	Research Report of the International Food Policy Research Institute	None	155	None	Agriculture and the Rural Development, World Bank, Washington, DC, United States; Maruku Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Bukoba, Tanzania; IFPRI, IPGRI	Edmeades, S., Agriculture and the Rural Development, World Bank, Washington, DC, United States; Nkuba, J.M., Maruku Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Bukoba, Tanzania; Smale, M., IFPRI, IPGRI	Banana hybrid use in Kagera Region, Tanzania have been beneficial in that the reduce vulnerability to production losses from biotic pressures. In order to assess, a treatment model is used as well as for the identification of the determinants of adoption and the effects of adoption on expected yield losses from pests and diseases. Meanwhile, the hybrids are high yielding and resistant to pests and diseases that ravaged banana production in the lakes region. It was shown that the intended impact of reducing yield losses to pests and diseases has been achieved, supporting research efforts aimed at developing resistant planting material and the formal diffusion program. Findings from the research showed that there is a need to disseminate new cultivars to sustain the benefits. Using the disease and pest resistant cultivars help farmers reduce dependence on pesticides and fungicides which are costly and bear health risks for farming communities, not to mention degrade the environment.	None	biotic factor; cultivar; health risk; hybrid; pest resistance; pesticide resistance; yield; Africa; East Africa; Kagera; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-49549106447	Impact of milling techniques on the particle size distribution pattern of turmeric powder	Mangaraj S., Singh R., Adewumi B.A.	2008	Journal of Food Science and Technology	45	5	None	Agro Processing Division, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal-462 038, India; Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Mangaraj, S., Agro Processing Division, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal-462 038, India; Singh, R., Agro Processing Division, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal-462 038, India; Adewumi, B.A., Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Turmeric (Curcuma longa Roxb) powder (TP) was prepared by milling turmeric rhizomes using pulverizer mill, burr mill and home grinder. The TP obtained from each machine was analyzed for particle size distribution using a particle size analyzer with laser distraction to study the effect of each milling technique on the particle size of TP. Standard percentile diameter D (v, 0.5), D (v, 0.1) and D (v, 0.9) for samples obtained from the pulverizer mill, burr mill and home grinder were 270.41μm, 109.48 μm and 511.67 μm; 310.23 UMn, 121.74 μm; and 607.42 μm; 391.56 μm, 132.12 μm, and 682.78 μm, respectively. Volume mean diameter [D 4, 3] was more (312.77 μm) for home grinder milled TP sample compared to 216.42 μm; for burr milled and 199.71 μm; for pulverizer milled TP. Surface area mean diameter [D 3, 2] was also higher (197.43 μm) for home grinder milled TP samples compared to other milled samples. The specific surface area (Aw) for pulverizer milled TP sample was highest (0.0367 m 2/g), followed by burr milled (0.0311 m 2/g and home grinder (0.0298 m 2/g) TP sample. Pulverizer milled TP was finer compared to burr milled and home grinder as indicated by standard deviation value of pulverized mill (0,155), home grinder (0.054) and burr mill (0.086). There was significant difference (p≤0.05) in particle size distribution of TP prepared employing various milling techniques.	Milling technique; Particle size distribution; Specific surface area; Surface area moment mean; Turmeric powder; Volume moment mean	Grain size and shape; Grinding (machining); Grinding machines; Milling (machining); Particle size; Particle size analysis; Powders; Size distribution; Standards; Curcuma longa; Mean diameter; Milling technique; Particle size analyzer; Particle size distribution; Specific surface area; Specific surface areas; Surface area; Surface area moment mean; Turmeric powder; Volume mean diameter; Volume moment mean; Grinding mills; Curcuma longa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960421455	Comparative evaluation of different organic fertilizers on the soil fertility, leaf minerals composition and growth performance of dikanut seedlings (Irvingia gabonnesis L.)	Moyin-Jesu E.I.	2008	Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture	20	2	None	Agronomy Department, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Moyin-Jesu, E.I., Agronomy Department, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	An experiment was carried out at Akure in the rainforest zone of Nigeria to determine the effectiveness, of ten organic fertilizers on plant growth, soil fertility, and leaf nutrients composition of dikanut seedlings in the nursery. The organic fertilizer treatments were applied at 8t/ha (40g/10kg soil) to each polybag, a reference treatment NPK 15-15-15 compound fertilizer applied at 2g NPK/10kg soil (400kg/ha) and a control treatment (no chemical fertilizer nor manure), arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated four times. The results showed that the organic fertilizers increased the seedlings' growth significantly (P<0.05), leaf and soil N, P, K, Ca, Mg, soil pH and O.M of dikanut compared to the control treatment. The oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure increased the plant height, leaf area, stem girth, leaf numbers and root length of dikanut seedlings by 22%, 50%, 33%, 21% and 49% respectively, when compared to the NPK chemical fertilizer treatment. It also increased the leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg of dikanut seedlings by 35%, 37%, 39%, 36% and 65.3% respectively compared to the sole application of poultry manure. Oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment increased the soil pH, O.M, N. P, K, Ca, Mg by 6%, 13%, 19%, 28%, 32%, 33% and 21% respectively compared to the cocoa husk + spent grain treatment. Therefore the, oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure applied at 8t/ha was the most effective treatment in increasing growth, soil and leaf parameters of dikanut seedlings.	Dikanut seedlings; Growth performance; Leaf mineral composition; Organic fertilizers; Soil fertility	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76749099272	Evaluation of sole and amended organic fertilizers on soil fertility and growth of kola seedlings (Cola acuminate)	Moyin-Jesu E.I.	2009	Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science	32	1	None	Agronomy Department, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Moyin-Jesu, E.I., Agronomy Department, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	A healthy kola seedling in the nursery is very important for sustainable establishment and high yield of kolanuts in the fields. An investigation was carried out in Akure, in the rainforest zone of Nigeria, to determine the effectiveness of amended forms of wood ash and cocoa husk, turkey, goat and duck manures (sole) as sources of fertilizers, on the growth of kola (Cola acuminate) seedlings in the nursery. For this purpose, nine organic fertilizer treatments [duck manure, goat manure, turkey manure (sole), wood ash/duck manure mix, cocoa husk/duck manure mix, goat manure/wood ash mix, goat manure/cocoa husk mix, turkey manure/cocoa husk mix and turkey manure and wood ash mix] were applied at 8t/ha (40g per 10kg soil filled pots), replicated three times with NPK fertilizer and a control (no fertilizer), and arranged in a completely randomized design. The soil, plant and the organic residues were chemically analysed. The findings revealed that the use of organic residues significantly increased plant height, leaf area, stem girth, root length as well as leaf number of kolanut seedlings, soil and leaf N, P, K, Ca, Mg concentrations, soil pH and O.M contents (p&lt;0.05), relative to the control treatments. The amended wood ash + duck increased the shoot weight, plant height, root length, leaf area, leaf number and stem girth of kolanut by 6%, 27%, 20%, 35%, 27% and 37% respectively, as compared to using the NPK fertilizer. In addition, it was also found to increase the same parameters by 84%, 80%, 72%, 78%, 56% and 82% respectively, as compared to the control treatment. As for the soil chemical composition, duck manure + wood ash were shown to increase the soil N, P, K, Ca, Mg, pH and O.M by 42%, 26%, 38%, 46%, 59%, 6% and 52% respectively, compared to the duck manure (sole). At the same time, it also increased soil K, Ca, Mg, pH and O.M by 51%, 97%, 93%, 29% and 90% respectively, as compared to using the NPK fertilizer. In particular, the treatment using duck manure + cocoa husk increased the leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg of kolanut seedlings by 12%, 74%, 56%, 69% and 75%, respectively as compared to merely using duck manure (sole). It also increased the same leaf parameters by 42%, 54%, 92% and 84% respectively, as compared to the control treatment. In this study, the NPK fertilizer was found to decrease soil O.M but it increased soil N and P more than the organic residues. The amended duck manure + wood ash and duck manure + cocoa husk, applied at 8tha-1 (40g/10kg), were found to be the most effective in improving the performance of kolanut seedlings. ©Universiti Putra Malaysia Press.	Cola acuminate; Kolanut seedlings; Organic fertilizers	Capra hircus; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865618859	Comparative evaluation of modified neem leaf, wood ash and neem leaf extracts for seed treatment and pest control in maize (Zea mays L.)	Moyin-Jesu E.I.	2010	Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture	22	1	None	Agronomy Department, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Moyin-Jesu, E.I., Agronomy Department, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	An experiment was conducted at Akure, rainforest zone of Nigeria to evaluate the effectiveness of neem leaf, wood ash extracts, modified neem leaf extract, Apron star 42WS and Karate 720EC as seed treatment and pest control in maize. The organic treatment extracts namely neem leaf extract, wood ash extract applied at 1200ml per hectare and modified neem leaf extract (1:1 ratio 600ml wood ash + 600ml neem leaf extract) were compared with Apron star 42WS (seed treatment), Karate 720EC and control treatment (no neem leaf, wood ash extracts nor Karate),replicated four times and arranged in randomized complete block design. The results showed that there were significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in the germination counts, insect population, number of damaged leaves, growth and yield parameters of maize under different treatments compared to the control treatment. The modified neem leaf extract performed better in germination counts, reduction of damaged leaves, insect population and yield of maize than the sole application of neem leaf and wood ash. For percentage germination counts, Apron star 42WS had 65% followed by modified neem leaf extract (57%), wood ash extract (51%), neem leaf extract (47%) respectively. Modified neem leaf extract increased the leaf area, plant height and stem girth of maize by 8%, 5% and 7% respectively compared to the neem leaf (sole) extract. Generally, modified neem leaf extract had the best values of maize growth parameters followed by Karate, neem leaf and wood ash extracts respectively. Modified neem leaf extract decreased significantly the insect population, number of damaged leaves and number of holes per plant in maize by 33%, 70% and 30% respectively compared to the neem leaf extract (sole). When compared to modified neem extract, Karate decreased the number of damaged leaves per sample plot by 33%. However, there was no significant difference between karate and modified neem extract for insect population. For yield parameters, modified neem leaf extract significantly increased the maize yield gains by 15%, 14% and 2% compared to neem leaf, wood ash extracts and karate treatments respectively. However, wood ash and neem leaf extracts did not affect significantly the maize yield. Therefore, the modified neem leaf extract applied at 1200L/ha (3L/25m2) was most effective for pest control and seed treatment in maize crop.	Modified neem leaf; Neem leaf; Pest control and maize; Wood ash extract	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878793878	Comparative evaluation of different organic fertilizers on the soil fertility, leaf mineral composition and growth of bitter kola seedlings	Moyin-Jesu E.I., Adeofun C.O.	2008	Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture	20	1	None	Agronomy Department, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; College of Environmental Studies, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Moyin-Jesu, E.I., Agronomy Department, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Adeofun, C.O., College of Environmental Studies, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	The effect of oil palm bunch ash, spent grain, poultry and turkey manures applied solely and their supplemented forms, as sources of fertilizer on soil fertility, leaf mineral composition and growth of bitter kola (Garnicia colae) seedlings was investigated at Akure in the rainforest zone of Nigeria. The eight organic fertilizer treatments: spent grain, oil palm bunch ash, poultry manure, turkey manure, spent grain + poultry manure, spent grain + turkey manure, oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure and oil palm bunch ash + turkey manure were applied at 40g per 10kg soil filled polybag (8t/ha dry weight) with a reference treatment 400kg/ha NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer (2g per bag) and arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated three times. The supplemented or amended treatments were applied at a 50:50% by weight (20g each). The results showed that these organic fertilizers increased the growth parameters, soil and leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg, soil pH and organic matter significantly (P<0.05) compared to the control treatment. The supplements of oil palm bunch ash and wood ash with poultry and turkey manures increased consistently the growth, soil and leaf mineral compared to their sole forms. Oil pal bunch ash + poultry manure increased the leaf N (52%), P (27%), K (44%), Ca (39%) and Mg (51%) compared to the sole application of poultry manure. When compared with NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer, the oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment increased the plant height (40%) leaf area (50%), stem girth (45%) number of leaves (53%), and fresh shoot weight (29%). For soil chemical composition, the oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment increased the soil pH (28%), O.M. (92%), P (26.3%), Ca (99%), Mg (98%) and Na (93%) compared to the NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer. However, the NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer increased the soil K by 11% compared to the former. The high soil K/Ca, K/Mg and P/Mg ratios in the NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer treatment led to an imbalance in the supply of P, K, Ca and Mg nutrient to bitter kola seedlings. In these experiments, oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure applied at 8t/ha was most effective treatment in improving bitter kola growth parameters, soil and leaf mineral composition.	Bitter kola seedlings.; Growth parameters; Leaf mineral composition; Organic fertilizer; Soil fertility	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875021820	Comparative evaluation of different organic fertilizer on the soil fertility, leaf mineral composition, and growth performance of mango seedlings (Magnifera indica L.)	Moyin-Jesu E.I., Adeofun C.O.	2008	Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture	20	1	None	Agronomy Department, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, Ondo-State, Nigeria; College of Environmental Studies, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Moyin-Jesu, E.I., Agronomy Department, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, Ondo-State, Nigeria; Adeofun, C.O., College of Environmental Studies, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	An investigation was carried out at Akure in the rainforest of Nigeria to determine the effectiveness of sole and amended oil palm bunch ash and spent grain with poultry and turkey manures as sources of fertilizers on the growth of mango seedlings (Magnifera indica L) in the nursery. Eight organic fertilizer treatments, spent grain, oil palm bunch ash, poultry manure, turkey manures (sole forms), oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure, oil palm bunch ash + turkey manure, spent grain + poultry manure, spent grain + turkey manure, were applied at 8t/ha (40g per 10kg soil filled poly bag) with an NPK fertilizer 400kg/ha (2g per bag) treatment as a reference and a control (no fertilizer; no manure), replicated three times and arranged in a completely randomized design. The results showed that the organic fertilizers increased significantly (P<0.05) plant height, leaf area, stem girth, number of leaves of mango seedlings and root length, soil and leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg, soil pH and organic matter contents relative to the control treatment. Oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment increased the plant height, stem girth, leaf area, leaf number and root length of mango seedlings by 22%, 24%, 1%, 27% and 10% respectively, compared to NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer treatment. Amended oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment also increased the soil pH (H2O), O.M., N, P, Ca and Mg by 27%, 79%, 30%, 26%, 99% and 99.2% respectively compared to NPK fertilizer treatment. In addition, it also increased the leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg by 37%, 45%, 18%, 35%, and 15% respectively compared to the oil palm bunch ash (sole) treatment. However, NPK 15- 15-15 fertilizers increased only soil K by 10% compared to the oil palm bunch ash (sole) treatment. The highest soil K/Ca, K/Mg and P/Mg ratios in NPK fertilizer treatment led to imbalance in the supply of P, K, Ca and Mg nutrients to mango. Oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment applied at 8t/ha was the most effective treatment in improving mango growth parameters, leaf mineral composition, and soil fertility.	Growth performance and mango seedlings.; Leaf mineral composition; Organic fertilizers; Soil fertility	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884948338	Evaluation of cast Al-Si-Fe alloy/coconut shell ash particulate composites	Aku S.Y., Yawas D.S., Apasi A.	2013	Gazi University Journal of Science	26	3	None	Ahmadu Bello University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria	Aku, S.Y., Ahmadu Bello University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria; Yawas, D.S., Ahmadu Bello University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria; Apasi, A., Ahmadu Bello University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria	Al-7wt%Si-2wt%Fe alloy/Coconut shell ash(CSAp) composites having 3-15wt%coconut shell ash were fabricated by double stir-casting method. The microstructure, hardness values and density of the composites were evaluated. The density of the composites decreased as the percentage of coconut shell ash increases in the aluminum alloy. This means that composites of lower weight component can be produced by adding CSAp. Microstructural analysis showed fairy distribution of coconut shell ash particles in the aluminum alloy. The presence of the coconut shell ash particles in the matrix alloy resulted in a much smaller grain size in the cast composites compared to the matrix alloy as confirmed from X-ray diffractometer analysis. Significant improvement in hardness values is noticeable as the wt% of the coconut shell ash increased in the alloy. Hence, this work has established that incorporation of coconut shell particles in aluminum matrix can lead to the production of low cost aluminum composites with improved hardness values.	Aluminum alloy; Coconut shell ash; Density; Microstructure and hardness values	Aluminum composites; Aluminum matrix; Cast composites; Coconut shells; Hardness values; Microstructural analysis; Particulate composites; X ray diffractometers; Aluminum; Density (specific gravity); Hardness; Microstructure; Shells (structures); Silicon; Aluminum alloys	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-27844443523	The impact of reduced drug prices on the cost-effectiveness of HAART in South Africa	Nattrass N., Geffen N.	2005	African Journal of AIDS Research	4	1	None	AIDS and Society Research Unit, Centre for Social Science Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Treatment Action Campaign, 34 Main Road, Muizenberg, Cape Town, South Africa	Nattrass, N., AIDS and Society Research Unit, Centre for Social Science Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Geffen, N., Treatment Action Campaign, 34 Main Road, Muizenberg, Cape Town, South Africa	South Africa has started 'rolling out' highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) through the public health sector, but implementation has been slow. Studies have shown that in Africa AIDS prevention may be more cost-effective than providing HAART; such published results provide some support for the South African government's apparent reluctance to implement a large-scale rapid HAART roll-out. However, previous studies have not linked treatment and prevention plans, and do not, for the most part, consider the potential savings to the public health sector (e.g., fewer hospital admissions) that may arise from the introduction of HAART. The South African costing exercise summarised here avoids both these limitations. It provides an update of earlier work and takes into account the recent decline in antiretroviral drug prices. It shows that once HIV-related hospital costs are included in the calculation, the cost per HIV infection averted is lower in a treatment-plus-prevention intervention scenario than it is in a prevention-only scenario. This suggests that it is economically advantageous to fund a large-scale comprehensive intervention plan and that the constraints for doing so are political. Once human-rights considerations are included, the case for providing HAART is even more compelling. Copyright © NISC Pty Ltd.	Antiretroviral therapy; HIV/AIDS; Prevention; Public health; Treatment	antiretrovirus agent; article; cost control; cost effectiveness analysis; cost of illness; drug cost; drug utilization; government; health care planning; health program; health promotion; highly active antiretroviral therapy; hospital cost; hospitalization; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; human rights; nonhuman; patient counseling; preventive health service; public health service; South Africa; vertical transmission; virus transmission	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876960079	Effects of soil parent material and climate on the performance of Vitis vinifera L. cvs. Sauvignon blanc and cabernet Sauvignon - Part I. Soil analysis, soil water status, root system characteristics, leaf water potential, cane mass and yield	Shange L.P., Conradie W.J.	2012	South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture	33	2	None	ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, 7599, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Shange, L.P., ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, 7599, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Conradie, W.J., ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, 7599, Stellenbosch, South Africa	In the Helderberg area of the Western Cape, South Africa, soil parent material may vary between granite and shale over relatively short distances. However, little information is available concerning the possible effects of different soil parent materials on grapevine performance. A five-year investigation (2004/05 to 2008/09) was therefore carried out. Two Sauvignon blanc and two Cabernet Sauvignon vineyard blocks were selected at four localities. Soils derived mainly from granite and shale were identified in each vineyard block. Climate and soil parameters, root distribution, grapevine water status, cane mass and yield were evaluated at all localities. Shale-derived soils contained significantly greater amounts of fine sand, but less coarse sand, than granite-derived soils. These differences resulted in water-holding capacities that were generally higher in the shale-derived soils. Shale-derived soils contained higher concentrations of total potassium (K), but the levels of water-soluble K were generally greater in the granitic soils. Root system development could not be related directly to soil parent material. However, in most cases fine root density in the granite-derived soils tended to be higher, while the cane mass and yield of grapevines in the same soils also tended to be higher, at least at two of the four localities. The effect of soil parent material on grapevine water constraints seemed more prominent during the drier seasons, namely 2004/05 and 2005/06, compared to the wet and coolest seasons, 2007/08 and 2008/09.	Fine root density; Granite; Grapevine performance; Shale; Soil water status	Vitaceae; Vitis; Vitis vinifera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-46049089443	Field-based evaluation of a reagent strip test for diagnosis of schistosomiasis mansoni by detecting circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) in urine in low endemic area in Ethiopia	Legesse M., Erko B.	2008	Parasite	15	2	None	Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Legesse, M., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Erko, B., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of a reagent strip test for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis mansoni by detecting circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) in urine were evaluated using 184 stool and urine samples collected from schoolchildren living in relatively low endemic area of schistosomiasis mansoni in Ethiopia. A combined result of stool samples processed by Kato and formol-ether concentration methods was used as gold standard. The results showed that detection of CCA in urine using reagent strip test was slightly higher than the combined results of the stool techniques (65.2 % vs 42.4 %, p > 0.05) in suggesting the prevalence of the disease. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the reagent strip test were 76.9 %, 43.4 %, 50 % and 71.9 %, respectively. The result of egg counts using Kato method suggested that detection of urine CCA could be used to indicate the intensity of infection. Nevertheless, like that of stool examination, the reagent strip test was found to be less sensitive in case of light to moderate infections. About 23.1 % of the study children who were excreting the eggs of the parasite were found negative by the reagent strip test. The relative insensitivity of a reagent strip test in low intensity of infection necessitates for the development of more sensitive assay that can truly discriminate schistosome-infected from non-infected individuals.	CCA; Ethiopia; Reagent strip test; S. mansoni; Urine	CCA protein, Schistosoma mansoni; glycoprotein; helminth protein; parasite antigen; adolescent; adult; animal; article; child; cross-sectional study; Ethiopia; feces; female; human; immunology; male; parasite identification; parasitology; preschool child; prevalence; reproducibility; Schistosoma mansoni; sensitivity and specificity; test strip; urine; Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Antigens, Helminth; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethiopia; Feces; Female; Glycoproteins; Helminth Proteins; Humans; Male; Parasite Egg Count; Prevalence; Reagent Strips; Reproducibility of Results; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis mansoni; Sensitivity and Specificity; Schistosoma; Schistosoma mansoni	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873716775	Performance of CareStart™ malaria Pf/Pv combo test for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax infections in the Afar Region, North East Ethiopia	Chanie M., Erko B., Animut A., Legesse M.	2012	Ethiopian Journal of Health Development	25	3	None	Aklilu Lemma Institute of Patho-biology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Chanie, M., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Patho-biology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Erko, B., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Patho-biology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Animut, A., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Patho-biology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Legesse, M., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Patho-biology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Background: CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test has shown encouraging results for the diagnosis of P. falciparum and P. vivax infections in Ethiopia. Nevertheless, the performance of the test could be affected by different factors like gene polymorphisms, excess heat and humidity. Hence, evaluation of the performance of the test in different settings in Ethiopia is vital for the routine diagnosis of malaria. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test for the diagnosis of P. falciparum and P. vivax infections in the Afar Region, Northeast Ethiopia. Methods: Finger prick blood samples were collected from a total of 1092 patients who had malaria symptoms and visited three different health facilities in the Afar Region. Giemsa-stained thin and thick blood smears were prepared and microscopically examined under 100 × magnifications for Plasmodium species identification and determination of parasitaemia. CareStart Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test was also performed as per the manufacturer's instructions. The sensitivity and the specificity of the test was determined using microscopy as gold standard. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of the test were 98.5% and 98.0% respectively, with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 91.7% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 99.7% for the diagnosis of P. falciparum infection. The corresponding sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of P. vivax infection were 100% and 99.6% respectively, with PPV and NPV of 86.2% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed high sensitivity and specificity of CareStartTM Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test for the diagnosis of both P. falciparum and P. vivax infections in the study area, though additional study may be needed in the most peripheral hottest areas of the region.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-21444456142	Cross-national performance of the RAPS4/RAPS4-QF for tolerance and heavy drinking: Data from 13 countries	Cherpitel C.J., Ye Y., Bond J., Borges G., Cremonte M., Marais S., Poznyak V., Sovinova H., Moskalewicz J., Swiatkiewicz G.	2005	Journal of Studies on Alcohol	66	3	None	Alcohol Research Group, 2000 Hearst Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94709, United States; National Institute of Psychiatry, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico; National University, Mar del Plata, Argentina; Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland	Cherpitel, C.J., Alcohol Research Group, 2000 Hearst Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94709, United States; Ye, Y., Alcohol Research Group, 2000 Hearst Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94709, United States; Bond, J., Alcohol Research Group, 2000 Hearst Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94709, United States; Borges, G., Alcohol Research Group, 2000 Hearst Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94709, United States, National Institute of Psychiatry, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico; Cremonte, M., Alcohol Research Group, 2000 Hearst Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94709, United States, National University, Mar del Plata, Argentina; Marais, S., Alcohol Research Group, 2000 Hearst Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94709, United States, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Poznyak, V., Alcohol Research Group, 2000 Hearst Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94709, United States, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Sovinova, H., Alcohol Research Group, 2000 Hearst Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94709, United States, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic; Moskalewicz, J., Alcohol Research Group, 2000 Hearst Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94709, United States, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Swiatkiewicz, G., Alcohol Research Group, 2000 Hearst Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94709, United States, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland	Objective: There are little data available on the performance of brief screening instruments for alcohol-use disorders cross-nationally; therefore, we analyzed the performance of one such instrument in a number of countries. Method: Performance of the RAPS4 for tolerance and the RAPS4-QF for heavy drinking are analyzed from emergency room data across 13 countries included in the combined Emergency Room Collaborative Alcohol Analysis Project (ERCAAP) and the World Health Organization Collaborative Study on Alcohol and Injuries, Results: The RAPS4 showed good sensitivity and specificity for tolerance across most of the countries, but was higher in countries that were higher on societal-level detrimental drinking patterns. Prevalence of tolerance was also higher in those countries with high detrimental drinking pattern scores. Sensitivity of the RAPS4-QF for heavy drinking was uniformly high across countries, while maintaining good specificity, and did not vary by detrimental drinking patterns. Conclusions: Findings suggest the RAPS4 and RAPS4-QF may hold promise cross-nationally. Future research should more fully address the performance of brief screening instruments for alcohol-use disorders (using standard diagnostic criteria) cross-nationally, with consideration of the impact of societal drinking patterns.	None	alcohol; adult; alcohol consumption; alcoholism; article; diagnostic accuracy; drinking behavior; emergency ward; human; screening test; Alcoholism; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; International Cooperation; Mass Screening; Questionnaires; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920437223	Towards collective circum-antarctic passive acoustic monitoring: The southern ocean hydrophone network (SOHN)	Van Opzeeland I., Samaran F., Stafford K.M., Findlay K., Gedamke J., Harris D., Miller B.S.	2014	Polarforschung	83	2	None	Alfred-Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany; PELAGIS Observatory CNRS-UMS 3462, University of la Rochelle, France; Applied Physics Lab University of Washington SeattleWA, United States; Mammal Research Institute Whale Unit, University of Pretoria, South Africa; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Ocean Acoustics Program, Office of Science and Technology, United States; Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews, United Kingdom; Australian Marine Mammal Centre, Australian Antarctic Division, Hobart, Australia	Van Opzeeland, I., Alfred-Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany; Samaran, F., PELAGIS Observatory CNRS-UMS 3462, University of la Rochelle, France; Stafford, K.M., Applied Physics Lab University of Washington SeattleWA, United States; Findlay, K., Mammal Research Institute Whale Unit, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Gedamke, J., National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Ocean Acoustics Program, Office of Science and Technology, United States; Harris, D., Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews, United Kingdom; Miller, B.S., Australian Marine Mammal Centre, Australian Antarctic Division, Hobart, Australia	The Southern Ocean Research Partnership (SORP) is an international research program initiated within the International Whaling Commission (IWC) in 2009 to promote collaborative cetacean research, develop nov el research techniques, and conduct non-lethal research on whales in the Southern Ocean (CHILDERHOUSE 2009). One of the original research projects of the SORP is the Blue and Fin Whale Acoustic Trends Project, which aims to implement a long term passive acoustic research program to examine trends in Antarctic blue (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia) and fin whale (B. physalus) abundance, distribution, and seasonal presence in the Southern Ocean through the use of a network of passive acoustic recorders: the Southern Ocean Hydrophone Network (SOHN). Networks of widely spaced passive acoustic recorders can provide insights in spatio-temporal patterns of the presence and properties of whale calls as well as the potential to monitor trends in Antarctic blue and fin whale abundance. The SOHN will consist of a network of autonomous underwater acoustic re cording stations surrounding the Antarctic continent with each site remaining active throughout the 10-year duration of the project. In addition to circum polar coverage, high priority will be given towards achieving simultaneous temporal coverage, especially in the early years of the project. While logis tical constraints may prevent uniform distribution of SOHN recording sites around the continent, the Acoustic Trends Working group (ATW) aims to have at least one recording site in each of the six IWC management areas (i.e., one per 60° longitudinal wedge). International collaboration and coordination are imperative to achieve the project goals due to the high cost of Antarctic research as well as the broad spatial and temporal scales over which the SOHN will span. Furthermore, standardization of data is paramount for accurate and efficient analysis and interpretation of SOHN data. To facilitate international participation in the SOHN, this document provides practical recommendations to guide and support passive acoustic data of project as well as technical and logistic information and recommendations regarding standardization of recording locations is provided here for a diverse collection in Antarctic waters. This whitepaper addresses a wide audience, ranging from scientists from different disciplines with access to instrumenttation and/or infrastructure to collect passive acoustic data in the Southern Ocean, to ship operators or other parties that can provide logistic support to make the SOHN a reality. Background information and an outline of the sci entific aims of project as well as technical and logistic information and re commendations regarding standardization of recording locations is provided here for a diverse audience coming from different backgrounds with widely differing levels of experience with the applications and use of passive acoustic instrumentation. By providing the information relevant for SOHN from the ground up, we aim that this document contributes to increase aware ness and participation by a broad range of partner nations and organizations in the SOHN and Acoustic Trends Projects.	None	abundance; autonomous underwater vehicle; bioacoustics; biomonitoring; cetacean; hydrophone; population distribution; spatiotemporal analysis; standardization; Southern Ocean; Balaenoptera musculus intermedia; Balaenoptera physalus; Cetacea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650167700	Evaluation of PCR assays for the detection of Campylobacter fetus in bovine preputial scrapings and the identification of subspecies in South African field isolates	Schmidt T., Venter E.H., Picard J.A.	2010	Journal of the South African Veterinary Association	81	2	None	Allerton Provincial Veterinary Laboratory, Private Bag X2, Cascades, 3202, South Africa; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa	Schmidt, T., Allerton Provincial Veterinary Laboratory, Private Bag X2, Cascades, 3202, South Africa; Venter, E.H., Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Picard, J.A., Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa	As a result of the high lability and slow growth of Campylobacter fetus subspecies, the laboratory diagnosis of bovine genital campylobacteriosis has always been difficult. This is especially true under South African conditions, where farms are far apart, laboratories are only present in major centres and there are high ambient temperatures. In order to overcome the short-comings associated with traditional diagnostic methods, the implementation of a molecular assay was sought. This work describes how a previously published PCR assay (MG3F/MG4R primers) was adapted, optimised and applied in the diagnostic laboratory to test preputial samples directly for the presence of Campylobacter fetus. Field evaluation of the assay revealed an analytical sensitivity and specificity of 85.7 % and 99 %, respectively. Subsequent genotyping and phenotyping of a diverse collection of South African field isolates revealed that South Africa has an unexpected and previously unreported high incidence of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis biovar intermedius strains. These strains were not identified correctly by the subspecies-specific primer set evaluated. Until such time that cost- effective genotyping methods are available to diagnostic laboratories in South Africa, and other countries with these atypical Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis strains, the need for bacterial culture will persist. Identification to subspecies level of isolates at present remains dependent upon a single phenotypic criterion, namely tolerance to 1 % glycine.	Bovine genital campylobacteriosis; Campylobacter fetus fetus; Campylobacter fetus venerealis biovar intermedius; Culture; Polymerase chain reaction	article; bacterial strain; bacterium culture; Campylobacter fetus; controlled study; cost effectiveness analysis; cow; genotype; laboratory diagnosis; nonhuman; phenotype; polymerase chain reaction; prepuce; sensitivity and specificity; South Africa; Animals; Campylobacter fetus; Campylobacter Infections; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Male; Polymerase Chain Reaction; South Africa; Bacteria (microorganisms); Bovinae; Campylobacter fetus; Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus; Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903217902	Effects of different organic materials and npk fertilizer on the performance of maize [Utjecaj različitih organskih tvari i npk gnojiva na performance kukuruza]	Remison S.U., Eifediyi E.K.	2014	Poljoprivreda	20	1	None	Ambrose Alli University, Department of Crop Science, Ekpoma, Nigeria; University of Ilorin, Department of Agriculture, Ilorin, Nigeria	Remison, S.U., Ambrose Alli University, Department of Crop Science, Ekpoma, Nigeria; Eifediyi, E.K., University of Ilorin, Department of Agriculture, Ilorin, Nigeria	The interest in organic materials as soil fertility restorer is increasing due to the high cost and unavailability at the right time of inorganic fertilizer and the problem associated with residue disposal by burning which can further aggravate global warming. The effects of different organic materials and NPK fertilizer on the performance of maize were examined in field experiments carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma in a forest savanna transition zone of Edo State, Nigeria. The investigations were carried out during the 2008 and 2009 cropping seasons and involved the use of organic materials (wood shavings, rice hulls, kola husks and their combinations) and NPK fertilizer. The layout of the experiment was a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The results indicated that most of the organic materials, especially kola husk and mixtures with kola husk and NPK increased yield and its components. The treatments significantly increased the concentrations of N, P, K and Na in ear leaves and grains.	Maize yield; Rice hull and kola husk; Wood shavings	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880098112	Evaluation of specific gravity of potato varieties in Ethiopia as a criterion for determining processing quality	Abebe T., Wongchaochant S., Taychasinpitak T.	2013	Kasetsart Journal - Natural Science	47	1	None	Amhara Agricultural Research Institute, Adet Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 08, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Department of Horticulture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand	Abebe, T., Amhara Agricultural Research Institute, Adet Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 08, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Wongchaochant, S., Department of Horticulture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Taychasinpitak, T., Department of Horticulture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand	Specific gravity (SG) is the measure of choice for estimating dry matter (DMC) and starch content (SC) and ultimately for determining the processing quality of potato varieties. Evaluation of the SG of 25 potato varieties was carried out at three distinct locations in the Amhara region of Ethiopia with the main objectives of determining their culinary quality and most suitable areas of production. The varieties were planted in a 5 × 5 balanced lattice design of six replications during the 2011 rainy season. The results of the data analysis showed highly significant (P < 0.01) genotypic and location differences and significant (P < 0.05) genotype × environment interactions. The pooled SG values ranged from 1.058 to 1.102. The SG of tubers of the improved variety Belete was the highest while that of Menagesha was the lowest. Furthermore, the SG values for varieties grown at Debretabor were higher than those for the corresponding varieties grown at Adet and Merawi. The DMC and SC were computed based on the SG and showed significant (P < 0.01) genotypic variability. The highest DMC and SC were also obtained at Debretabor; thus, it is an ideal location to grow potatoes for high DMC and starch accumulation. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis identified CIP-392640.524, Zengena, Jalenie and Belete as stable genotypes with SG values above average.	Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis; Potato varieties; Processing quality; Specific-gravity; Variability	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77749264428	Evaluation of the FAO CROPWAT model for deficit-irrigation scheduling for onion crop in a semiarid region of Ethiopia	Diro S.B., Tilahun K.	2009	Journal of Applied Horticulture	11	2	None	Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute, Sekota, Ethiopia; School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia	Diro, S.B., Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute, Sekota, Ethiopia; Tilahun, K., Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute, Sekota, Ethiopia, School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia	Deficit irrigation conserves water and minimizes adverse effects of excess irrigation. In this study, the applicability of the CROPWAT model in management of deficit irrigation was evaluated at Sekota Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia. Water was applied using low head drippers. There were eight treatments with three replications: stress at 1st, 2nd, 3 rd, and 4th growth stages and partial stresses of 50% ETc, 75% ETc with two controls of 25% ETc and 100% ETc of the water requirement throughout the growing season. The input data for CROPWAT program were climatic, rainfall, crop and soil data. Yield reductions simulated by CROPWAT program were comparable with yield reduction measured under field condition. Model efficiency and correlation coefficients of 98% were obtained. Based on the above comparative analysis, CROPWAT program could adequately simulate yield reduction resulting from water stress.	Cropwat model; Deficit irrigation; Ethiopia; Growth stages; Onion	Allium cepa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955022557	Assessment of village chicken production system and evaluation of the productive and reproductive performance of local chicken ecotype in bure district, North West Ethiopia	Moges F., Mellesse A., Dessie T.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	13	None	Andassa Livestock Research Center, P. O. Box 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P. O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Hawassa University, P. O. Box 5, Awassa, Ethiopia	Moges, F., Andassa Livestock Research Center, P. O. Box 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Mellesse, A., Hawassa University, P. O. Box 5, Awassa, Ethiopia; Dessie, T., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P. O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	A survey was conducted in Bure district, North West Ethiopia, from 2007 to 2008 to assess the existing village chicken production system. A participatory rural appraisal and a formal survey were used to collect all the relevant data, using a multi-stage sampling technique. Seven farmer administrative kebeles (two from high land, three from mid altitude and two from low land agro-ecologies) and a total of 280 village chicken owner households were considered for the study. The result revealed that the dominant (83%) chicken production system was an extensive/traditional type of production, using a majority (97%) of local chicken ecotypes, managed mainly on scavenging with seasonal supplementation of home grown grains and household food leftovers. The purposes of chicken production were sale for income (51.4%), egg hatching for replacement (45%), consumption (44.3%), use of birds for cultural and/or religious ceremonies (36.4%) and egg production (40.7%). The average flock size per household was 13 (ranged 1 - 57), with a hen to cock ratio of 3.7:1. Only 22.1% of chicken owners prepared a separate overnight house for birds and the rest (77.9%) kept birds in various night sheltering places. The result revealed that 97.5% of interviewed chicken owners experienced chicken disease problems, mainly Newcastle disease (98.2%). The result indicated that 95% of village chicken owners used only traditional means to treat sick birds. The average age of cockerels at first mating and pullets at first egg were 24.6 weeks and 27.5 weeks, respectively. The average number of eggs laid/clutch was 16 (ranged 8 - 28) and the number of total clutch periods/hen/year was 4 (ranged 2 - 6). The annual egg production performance of local hens, under farmer's management condition, was 60 eggs/hen (ranged 24 -112). The average number of eggs incubated/hen was 13 and 11 chicks, on average, were hatched from them. The average hatchability performance of local hens was 81.7%. However, survivability of young chicks was only 60.5% (ranged 0 -100%). High hatchability performance of local hens (81.7%) and high mortality of young chicks (39.5%) were the two contradictory features for the existing village chicken production system of the district. Seasonal diseases outbreaks (84.3%) and predation (11.4%) were the major causes of chicken loss in the district. Women were the major responsible members of the household involved in various chicken husbandry activities like cleaning bird's house (38.6%), feeding birds (81.7%), selling birds (83%) and selling eggs (54.6%). Only 37.5% of interviewed chicken owners got appropriate extension services related to modern chicken management practices. The result of the study revealed that there is a great interest to boost up the existing village chicken production and productivity. This should be considered as an opportunity and potential to design and implement interventions, aimed at improving production and productivity of village chicken in the district. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Ethiopia; Local chicken ecotypes; Village chicken production system	Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878474369	Effects of dietary supplementation with urea molasses multi-nutrient block on performance of mid lactating local Ethiopian and crossbred dairy cows	Tekeba E., Wurzinger M., Baldinger L., Zollitsch W.J.	2013	Livestock Research for Rural Development	25	6	None	Andassa Livestock Research Centre, P.O.box 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 33, A-1180, Vienna, Austria	Tekeba, E., Andassa Livestock Research Centre, P.O.box 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Wurzinger, M., BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 33, A-1180, Vienna, Austria; Baldinger, L., BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 33, A-1180, Vienna, Austria; Zollitsch, W.J., BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 33, A-1180, Vienna, Austria	An experiment was conducted on station, using a nested design in order to evaluate the effects of a Urea Molasses Multi-Nutrient Block (UMMB) supplementation of typical dry season, roughage based diets on the performance of mid lactating local Fogera and their F1 Holstein Friesian crosses in Ethiopia. Eight cows each from both breeds were assigned to a forage-based control diet and an experimental diet with UMMB supplementation. Highly significant differences were observed between treatments for most production traits. However, Fogera and crossbred dairy cows showed a different response pattern for some traits. Crossbred dairy cows were superior over Fogera for milk production, reproductive performance and benefit-cost ratio regardless of UMMB supplementation. Conversely, Fogera cows had higher milk solid contents and supplementing them with UMMB had a greater effect on milk fat than in crossbred cows. It is concluded that supplementing dairy cows with UMMB during the dry season is basically a helpful measure to maintain production. Depending on the availability of UMMB, priority in supplementation however, should be given to cows with a high genetic potential for milk production.	Fogera; Mid-lactating; On-station; Roughage-based; Supplement	Bos; Friesia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78651515238	Optimizing the performance of wet drum magnetic separators	Dworzanowski M.	2010	Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy	110	11	None	Anglo American Technical Division, South Africa	Dworzanowski, M., Anglo American Technical Division, South Africa	The difference in the magnetic properties of minerals is the basis for magnetic separation. All minerals can be generally classified as ferromagnetic (strongly magnetic), paramagnetic (weakly magnetic) or diamagnetic (non-magnetic). Magnetic separation can be conducted dry or wet. The majority of the applications of wet magnetic separation in the mining industry are based on the wet drum magnetic separator. The wet drum magnetic separator has been in use for over 50 years and its design is based on a rotating drum installed inside a tank. Inside the drum are stationary, permanent magnets arranged in an arc to provide the magnetic field. These magnets can be of the ceramic ferrite type providing a low intensity magnetic field or of the rare earth type providing a high intensity magnetic field. Wet drum magnetic separators are generally applied in three different ways, namely to recover and recycle the medium used in dense medium separation (DMS), to remove magnetic contaminants from ores and concentrates, and to recover valuable magnetic products. Wet drum magnetic separators are applied in the following commodity areas: coal, diamonds, iron ore, chrome, platinum, heavy mineral sands, industrial minerals, and base metals. Whereas the design and operation of wet drum magnetic separators is relatively straightforward, it is very often found that the performance of wet drum magnetic separators is far from optimum. The reason for this is generally a lack of understanding of how the different design and operating variables interact and how they affect performance. This paper examines these variables, describing their importance and impact for all applications of wet drum magnetic separators. It also provides clear guidelines on how to adjust and control these variables so that optimum performance is achieved. © The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2010.	Demagnetization; Ferrite and rare earth magnets; Magnetic flocculation; Magnetic separation; Magnetite and ferrosilicon recovery	Base metals; Dense medium separation; Design and operations; Heavy minerals; High intensity; Industrial mineral; Low-intensity; Magnetic flocculation; Mining industry; Nonmagnetics; Operating variables; Optimum performance; Rotating drums; Wet-drum magnetic separator; Demagnetization; Design; Diamonds; Ferrite; Ferrites; Flocculation; Industrial diamonds; Magnetic fields; Magnetic properties; Magnetic separation; Magnetite; Magnets; Mineral exploration; Minerals; Ores; Paramagnetism; Platinum; Rare earths; Recovery; Silicon steel; Magnetic separators	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856588612	Testing stemming performance, possible or not?	Boshoff D., Webber-Youngman R.C.W.	2011	Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy	111	12	None	Anglo American, Johannesburg, South Africa; University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Boshoff, D., Anglo American, Johannesburg, South Africa; Webber-Youngman, R.C.W., University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	The ability of an explosive to break rock is influenced considerably by the extent of confinement in the blasthole. It is believed that confinement is improved by the use of adequate stemming. The aim of this paper is to present the results of the first and second stages of developing a stemming performance testing rig for small diameter boreholes. The rig was used to compare and contrast the performance of different designs of products. The results showed that different stemming products have differences in terms of their functionality, which can have a major impact on the efficiency of rock breaking. Two test procedures were used, one through the exclusive use of compressed air and the second using a purposebuilt high pressure test rig with small quantities of explosives. Both tests were used to identify and evaluate the ability of various stemming products to resist the escape of explosive gas through the collar of a blasthole. An investigation was done to determine the types of stemming products most commonly used in South African underground hard rock mines, and these products were used during the tests. The first stage of tests using compressed air only did not prove adequate to predict with certainty the pressure behaviour in the borehole of a particular product under high pressure conditions. The purpose-built high pressure test rig also did not prove to be a very effective tool to test stemming products under high pressure conditions. The test rig incorporated only the effect of gas pressure on the stemming product, and excluded the effect of the shock wave. This study therefore proved that to take into account only the gas pressure generated in the blasthole is not sufficient to effectively test stemming product performance. © The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2011.	Blasthole; Break rock; Confinement; Explosive; Stemming performance testing.	Blasthole; Effective tool; Gas pressures; Hard rock mines; High-pressure condition; High-pressure test-rig; Performance testing; Product performance; Rock breaking; Test procedures; Test rigs; Ability testing; Boreholes; Compressed air; Drilling rigs; Explosives; Plasma confinement; Pressure vessels; Rock products	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-54249117675	Male broiler performance and nocturnal feeding under constant 8-h or 16-h photoperiods, and various increasing lighting regimens	Lewis P.D., Danisman R., Gous R.M.	2008	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	38	3	None	Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Lewis, P.D., Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Danisman, R., Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Gous, R.M., Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	This paper describes the responses of two genotypes of male broilers to constant 8- and 16-h photoperiods, and to an abrupt transfer from 8 to 16 h at 10, 15 or 20 d. Body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion efficiency were not significantly different at any stage during the 35 d study. Mortality and the incidence of Sudden Death Syndrome were similar for all lighting groups at 35 d. When these data were pooled with previously reported data for female broilers, growth and feed conversion efficiency post 21 d and through to depletion for constant 8-h and birds transferred from 8 to 16 h at 20 d were significantly superior to constant 16-h birds. Constant 8-h birds ate about half their feed during the dark period, whilst 16-h birds consumed no more than 10%. Birds which had been started on 8 h and transferred to 16 h at 10, 15 or 20 d reduced their rate of nocturnal feeding when changed to the longer photoperiod, however, they still consumed more feed in the 8-h dark period than birds that had always been given 16 h illumination. Cobb and Ross genotypes responded similarly to all lighting treatments. © South African Society for Animal Science.	Broiler growth; Nocturnal feeding; Photoperiod	Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80455174106	Nutritional evaluation of dehulled faba bean (Vicia faba cv. Fiord) in feeds for weaner pigs	Emiola I.A., Gous R.M.	2011	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	41	2	None	Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/B X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Department of Animal Production and Health, PMB 4000, 038, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	Emiola, I.A., Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Department of Animal Production and Health, PMB 4000, 038, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Gous, R.M., Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/B X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	The objective of this experiment was to determine whether faba bean could successfully be used in feeds for weaner pigs in the period 10 to 25 kg liveweight. An experiment was conducted using 48 weaner pigs (average weight 10 ± 0.42 kg) to determine the nutritive value of dehulled faba bean meal (Vicia faba cv. Fiord) in comparison with full-fat soy. Two basal feeds were formulated, the first containing no faba bean but with full-fat soy (FFS) as the protein source, while the second contained 300 g faba bean/kg feed (FB). These feeds were blended to produce a series of five feeds (T1 to T5) containing a range of faba bean contents. In addition, a choice feeding treatment was included in the experiment to determine whether pigs showed preferences for or against faba bean. The experimental feeds were: 1) 1.0 FFS; 2) 0.75 FFS + 0.25 FB; 3) 0.5 FFS + 0.5 FB; 4) 0.25 FFS + 0.75FB; 5) 1.0 FB and 6) choice between FFS and FB. Feeds were formulated to meet or exceed NRC (1998) nutrient requirements of weaner pigs. Diluting full-fat soya with dehulled faba bean meal had no effect on growth rate (ADG), feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion efficiency (FCE) or time taken to attain final weight. Male pigs had a numerically higher ADFI (1150 vs. 992 g/d) and ADG (553 vs. 539 g/d) than females, and reached the final liveweight on average 3 d before the females. When given a choice between the two basal feeds, no preference was shown for either feed. It may be concluded that a feed for weaner pigs may contain as much as 300 g dehulled faba bean/kg without causing any deleterious effects on performance as long as the quality of the faba beans is the same as that used in this trial.	Anti-nutritional factors; Growth response; Protein sources	Glycine max; Suidae; Vicia faba	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955024861	Broiler performance and bone strength minimally affected by either a simulated dusk or night-interruption photoperiod	Lewis P.D., Gous R.M., Tumova E.	2010	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	40	1	None	Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 21 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic, Czech Republic	Lewis, P.D., Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Gous, R.M., Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Tumova, E., Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 21 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic, Czech Republic	Two genotypes of male broilers were given 12 h of daily illumination; as a conventional photoperiod, with the final hour at reduced illuminance to simulate dusk, or with 1 h of the light given during the middle of the night. The lighting modifications had no significant effect on any performance variable or on tibial breaking strength. Feed intake was unaffected by the lighting treatments during either the 1-h dusk period or the night, but was inexplicably stimulated in the both experimental groups during the main photoperiod. © South African Society for Animal Science.	Bone strength; Broiler growth; Dusk; Photoperiod	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80455158232	Evaluation of dehulled faba bean (Vicia faba cv. Fiord) as a protein source for laying hens	Magoda S.F., Gous R.M.	2011	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	41	2	None	Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/B X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Magoda, S.F., Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/B X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Gous, R.M., Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/B X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Dehulled faba beans were evaluated as an alternative to soybeans as a protein source for laying hens using 240 individually caged birds, 50 weeks of age. Two basal feeds were formulated to the same nutrient specifications but with one containing no faba beans and the other containing 200 g dehulled faba bean meal/kg. The experiment was divided into two parts: a dilution series, and a choice feeding treatment. The dilution series consisted of increasing concentrations of faba beans, the five levels in the series being 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g/kg of food. The sixth treatment was a choice between the two basal feeds. Although food intake increased linearly with faba bean inclusion, reflecting a need by the hens to consume more in an attempt to obtain sufficient of some unidentified limiting nutrient, laying performance was the same on all feeds in the dilution series. Hens consumed the same amount of each basal feed when given a choice between the two, suggesting that no anti-nutritional factors were present in the faba beans used in this trial. It can be concluded, from a nutritional point of view, that dehulled faba bean meal may be used successfully as an alternative to soybeans as a source of amino acids for laying hens as long as the levels of antinutritional factors present are very low, as was the case in this trial, and as long as accurate estimates of the AME and the digestible amino acid contents of the ingredient are used when formulating feeds containing faba beans. If faba beans can be grown and then used locally in areas unsuitable for soybean production, the reduced transport cost could make this an attractive alternative to soybeans.	Anti-nutritional factors; Choice feeding; Protein sources	Aves; Glycine max; Vicia faba	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80455125989	Evaluation of faba bean (Vicia faba cv. Fiord) as a protein source for broilers	Gous R.M.	2011	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	41	2	None	Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Gous, R.M., Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	An experiment was conducted, using 960 sexed broiler chicks between 7 and 21 d of age, to measure their response to increasing contents of faba bean in the feed. The experimental design consisted of two sexes, six levels of faba bean (0 to 250 g/kg feed), two feed forms (mash and pellets) and two levels of methionine supplementation (0 and 1.5 g DL methionine/kg feed). Each treatment was replicated twice, using 96 pens and 10 chicks per pen. The responses were the same between sexes and between methionine levels. Where feeds were offered in a mash form, growth rate and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) declined linearly, and food intake increased linearly, with increasing faba bean content, but when the feeds were pelleted, performance was the same on all levels of faba bean, suggesting that heat generated during the pelleting process may have destroyed some heat labile anti-nutritional factor present in the faba bean. As most broiler feeds are pelleted, it would appear that faba beans could be used successfully as an alternative protein source in feeds for broilers, up to an inclusion level of 250 g/kg, when geographic, agronomic and economic conditions favour the use of these beans.	Anti-nutritional factors; Dilution trial; Feed form	Vicia faba	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901061068	Koch's postulate in reproduction of broiler coccidiosis by co-infection with eight most common Eimeria spp.: A model for future evaluation of new biologics	Barbour E.K., Ayyash D.B., Shaib H., Bragg R.R., Azhar E., Iyer A., Harakeh S., Kambris Z., Kumosani T.	2014	International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine	12	1	None	Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon; Biochemistry Department, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Special Infectious Agents Unit - Biosafety Level 3, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Biochemistry Department, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Biology Dept, American University of Beirut, Lebanon	Barbour, E.K., Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon, Biochemistry Department, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Ayyash, D.B., Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon; Shaib, H., Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon; Bragg, R.R., Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Azhar, E., Special Infectious Agents Unit - Biosafety Level 3, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Iyer, A., Biochemistry Department, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Harakeh, S., Special Infectious Agents Unit - Biosafety Level 3, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Kambris, Z., Biology Dept, American University of Beirut, Lebanon; Kumosani, T., Biochemistry Department, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia	The purpose of this research is to establish a model of Koch's postulate for reproducing coccidiosis in broilers by co-infection with eight most common Eimeria spp. involved in this economic disease, in an attempt to use this model in future evaluation of new controlling biologics. Four groups of broilers each challenged at a different age (14, 21, 28, and 35 d) with an equivalent number of sporulated oocysts of eight Eimeria spp. had a reduction in their mean weight gain of 10.2% compared to the four parallel control groups of birds that were deprived of the challenge. The mean feed to live body weight conversion ratio increased significantly from 1.5 in the four unchallengedcontrol groups to 3.1 in the four challenged groups (P<0.05). The mean frequency of mortality increased up to 15% in the challenged groups in comparison to 5% in the controls. This higher mortality was associated in most challenged groups with significant increase in the mean lesion scores and mean oocyst count in the intestine compared to those observed in the controls. The benefit of this established model of Koch's postulate for reproducing coccidiosis in broilers, in future search of new controlling biologics, will be presented.	Chicken; Eimeria spp.; Koch's postulate; Lesions; Oocyst count; Performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052234722	Evaluation of potato hash silage from two bacterial inoculants and their effects on the growth performance of grower pigs	Thomas R., Nkosi B.D., Umesiobi D.O., Meeske R., Kanengoni A.T., Langa T.	2010	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	40	5SUPPL.1	None	ARC: Animal Production Institute, P/Bag X2, Irene, 0062, South Africa; Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State Private Bag X 20539, Bloemfontein, 9300, Free State, South Africa; Outeniqua Research Farm, P.O. Box 249, George, 6530, South Africa	Thomas, R., Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State Private Bag X 20539, Bloemfontein, 9300, Free State, South Africa; Nkosi, B.D., ARC: Animal Production Institute, P/Bag X2, Irene, 0062, South Africa; Umesiobi, D.O., Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State Private Bag X 20539, Bloemfontein, 9300, Free State, South Africa; Meeske, R., Outeniqua Research Farm, P.O. Box 249, George, 6530, South Africa; Kanengoni, A.T., ARC: Animal Production Institute, P/Bag X2, Irene, 0062, South Africa; Langa, T., ARC: Animal Production Institute, P/Bag X2, Irene, 0062, South Africa	Potato hash was mixed with wheat bran at 7:3 ratio, treated with homofermentative LAB inoculant (BMF, bonsilage forte), heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (LFLB, Lalsil Fresh LB) and without LAB inoculant and ensiled in 210 L drums for 90 days. After 90 days of ensiling, concentrates that contained 40% potato hash silage (PHS) were formulated and the treatment groups were control (no silage), untreated PHS, BMF treated PHS and LFLB treated PHS. The diets were fed to 64 growing pigs (60 days old and 30.4 ± 2.3 kg body mass). The pigs were allocated in a complete randomized block design with four treatments, and each treatment consisted of eight boars and eight sows. Pigs were fed ad libitum, feed intake was measured daily while body masses were recorded at the start and weekly throughout the experimental period. The dry matter intake (DMI) was higher in the control diet (1062 g/kg) than in the untreated PHS diets (933 g/kg), BMF treated PHS (873 g/kg) and LFLB treated PHS (919 g/kg) diets, respectively. Pigs in the control group had higher final body weight (60.77 kg), average daily gain (ADG) (551 g/d) and better feed conversion rate (FCR) (4.92 g/g) at the end of the trial compared to those in other treatment groups. It can be concluded that potato hash silage produced with or without LAB inoculants had the same effect on the growth performance of growing pigs. However, further work is needed to evaluate the effects of higher dietary inclusion levels (>40 %) of ensiled potato hash on pig growth and reproductive performance. © South African Society for Animal Science.	Grower pigs; Growth performance; LAB inoculation; Potato hash	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78149404628	Comparative in vivo evaluation of the trypanocidal activities of aqueous leaf, stem-bark and root extracts of Khaya senegalensis on Trypanosoma evansi	Adeiza A.A., Mohammed A., Mamman M.	2010	Journal of Medicinal Plants Research	4	17	None	Animal Health and Husbandry Department, College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, P. M. B. 2134, Mando Road, Kaduna, Nigeria; Animal Production Technology Department, College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello Univer	Adeiza, A.A., Animal Health and Husbandry Department, College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, P. M. B. 2134, Mando Road, Kaduna, Nigeria; Mohammed, A., Animal Production Technology Department, College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, P. M. B. 2134, Mando Road, Kaduna, Nigeria; Mamman, M., National Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, Surame Road, Kaduna, Nigeria	The effects of three different parts of Khaya senegalensis, commonly used in the traditional treatment of diseases in Northern Nigeria was examined in Trypanosoma evansi infected rats. At a dose of 120 mg/ml body weight for 3 consecutive days, the aqueous stem bark extract completely suppressed parasite establishment. The dose cured the experimentally infected rats in 9 days. The aqueous leaf extract showed a weak trypanocidal activity while the stem bark extract showed the most activity that is dose dependent. The results suggested that traditional use of K. senegalensis extracts has a pharmacological basis. © 2010 Academic Journals.	In vivo; Khaya senegalensis; Parasitaemia; Trypanocidal activity; Trypanosoma evansi	alkaloid; antiprotozoal agent; carbohydrate; cardiac glycoside; diminazene aceturate; flavanoid; Khaya senegalensis extract; plant extract; samorenil; saponin; sugar; tannin derivative; terpene; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; antiprotozoal activity; article; bark; chemical composition; comparative study; controlled study; drug dose comparison; drug efficacy; drug screening; female; Khaya senegalensis; male; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant; plant leaf; plant root; plant stem; rat; surra; treatment duration; treatment response; Trypanosoma evansi; Khaya senegalensis; Rattus; Trypanosoma evansi	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860997847	Performance and carcass characteristics of broilers fed five different commercial vitamin-mineral premixes in Ibadan, Nigeria	Ogunwole O.A., Kolade E.O., Taiwo B.A.	2012	International Journal of Poultry Science	11	2	None	Animal Nutrition Unit, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Ogunwole, O.A., Animal Nutrition Unit, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Kolade, E.O., Animal Nutrition Unit, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Taiwo, B.A., Animal Nutrition Unit, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The relative efficacy of five proprietary vitamin-mineral premixes on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens was undertaken in a trial lasting six weeks at the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. A total of two hundred and eighty eight 1-day broiler chicks of Abor acre strain were randomly allotted to six dietary treatments of forty eight chicks per treatment. Each treatment was a triplicate of sixteen chicks per replicate. Six isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were formulated. Diet 1 (T1) was the control without any premix. Other diets were supplemented appropriately with 0.25% Daramvita (T2), Biorganics (T3), Hinutrients (T4), Optimix (T5) and DSM Nutripoults (T6). The experimental diets were offered to the respective birds with water given ad libitum. The design of the experiment was a completely randomized design. The feed conversion ratio of birds on T3, T4, T5 and T6 were 2.64, 2.58, 2.61 and 2.57 respectively and were significantly different (p<0.05) from those on T1 (3.62) and T2 (3.35). The obtained live, bled and defeathered weights and dressing percentage values of broilers varied significantly (p<0.05) with the type of vitamin-mineral premix used while values of other primal cuts were statistically similar (p>0.05). Performance and carcass indices indicated variable potency and efficacy of the evaluated proprietary vitamin-mineral premixes in Ibadan, Nigeria. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2012.	Broiler production; Dressing percentage; Premix efficacy and potency; Primal cuts; Proprietary vitamin-mineral premixes	Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749016456	Growth and reproductive performance of West African Dwarf sheep fed endophyte-infected maize stover supplemented with soybean meal	Gbore F.A., Ewuola E.O., Ogunlade J.T.	2006	Livestock Research for Rural Development	18	9	None	Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba, Akoko, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production and Health, Universi	Gbore, F.A., Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba, Akoko, Nigeria; Ewuola, E.O., Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ogunlade, J.T., Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding endophyte-infected maize stover on growth and reproductive parameters of West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep. In a six weeks feeding trial, twenty-one individually caged growing WAD sheep were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments in a Randomized Complete Block Design. Treatment 1 (NF = control) consisted of diet with healthy maize stover without Fusarium inoculation while treatments 2 and 3 consisted of diets with slight (SF) and high (HF) Fusarium-infected maize stover respectively. The mean daily dry matter intake was significantly (P<0.05) higher in animals fed the control diet when compared with animals fed the test diets. The mean daily weight gain of the animals fed diet HF was significantly (P<0.05) lower. The feed conversion ratio revealed that it will take 3.76 kg of the highly-infected stover (HF) to produce the same unit weight of meat that was produced by 2.12 kg of healthy maize stover (NF). The mean relative kidney weight tended to decline with an increase in the level of Fusarium infection. The reproductive parameters examined were not significantly different among the treatments. The results suggest that ingestion of Fusarium-infected maize stover by sheep for a short time will depress dry matter intake and weight gain without adverse effect on the organ traits and reproductive potential.	Endophyte-infected maize stover; Growth; Reproductive performance; Sheep	Animalia; Fusarium; Glycine max; Ovis aries; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34047170305	Effects of replacing maize with sun-dried cassava waste meal on growth performance and carcass characteristics of meat type rabbit	Olorunsanya B., Ayoola M.A., Fayeye T.R., Olagunju T.A., Olorunsanya E.O.	2007	Livestock Research for Rural Development	19	4	None	Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Olorunsanya, B., Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Ayoola, M.A., Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Fayeye, T.R., Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Olagunju, T.A., Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Olorunsanya, E.O., Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Thirty rabbits of mixed sexes with an average initial weight of 600g were used to evaluate the effect of replacing maize with sun dried cassava waste meal on growth performance and carcass characteristics of rabbits. Five experimental isonitrogenous (18%cp) diets were formulated such that sun dried cassava waste replace maize at 0%, 25%, 75% and 100%. The rabbits were randomly allocated to these 5 isonitrogenous diets. Each dietary treatment consists of 2 replicates with 3 rabbits in each replicate. Water and feed were provided ad-libitum throughout the experimental period of 91 days. The result shows that dietary treatment did not have effect on feed in take, average daily weight gain, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics. The cost of producing a unit weight of rabbit was greatly reduced by replacing maize with cassava waste meal. Cassava waste meal may therefore be used instead of maize in rabbit diets to reduce cost of feed and the heavy dependence on maize in animal feeding.	Carcass characteristics; Cassava waste; Growth performance; Rabbit	Animalia; Manihot esculenta; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646674295	Effects of dietary replacement of maize with malted or unmalted sorghum on the performance of weaner rabbits	Abubakar M., Doma U.D., Kalla D.J.U., Ngele M.B., Augustine C.L.D.	2006	Livestock Research for Rural Development	18	5	None	Animal Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; VeterinaryHospital, Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria	Abubakar, M., Animal Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Doma, U.D., Animal Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Kalla, D.J.U., Animal Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Ngele, M.B., Animal Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Augustine, C.L.D., VeterinaryHospital, Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria	A feeding trial was conducted using twenty-one, 8 to 9 weeks old weaner rabbits allotted to three groups of seven animals each in a completely randomized design. The study which lasted for six weeks was undertaken to investigate the effects of dietary replacement of maize as a source of energy with malted or un-malted sorghum on the performance of the animals. The rabbits fed malted sorghum based diet had a similar dry matter intake to those on the maize based diet, but significantly higher than those on the unmalted sorghum based diet. All the animals gained weight, at rates similar across the treatments, indicating that the intake of energy and proteins were well above maintenance requirements. The best feed efficiency was recorded for rabbits fed on the malted sorghum based diet. The financial analysis revealed that feed cost per kg body weight gain was lowest for animals on the malted and unmalted sorghum based diets. It is concluded that malted or unmalted sorghum could effectively replace maize as a source of energy in diets for weaner rabbits without any adverse effects on performance and with reduced cost of feed per kg body weight gain.	Maize; Performance; Rabbits; Sorghum	Animalia; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36448936420	Evaluation of some factors affecting milk composition of indigenous goats in Nigeria	Zahraddeen D., Butswat I.S.R., Mbap S.T.	2007	Livestock Research for Rural Development	19	11	None	Animal Production Programme, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P.M.B.0248, Bauchi, Nigeria	Zahraddeen, D., Animal Production Programme, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P.M.B.0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Butswat, I.S.R., Animal Production Programme, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P.M.B.0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Mbap, S.T., Animal Production Programme, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P.M.B.0248, Bauchi, Nigeria	This study was carried out at the Research Farm of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria (October 2003 - May 2006) to evaluate some factors (breed, season, stage of lactation and parity) affecting goat milk composition. The results showed that per cent crude protein, fat, lactose and total solid contents were significantly (P<0.05) affected by breed; with pH and ash contents differed non-significantly in the three breeds. The percentages of crude protein, fat and lactose contents were significantly (P<0.001) different in the four stages of lactation (colostrum, early, mid and late), while the differences in the total solid, pH and ash contents were not affected by the lactation stages. There were seasonal (P<0.001) variations in the per cent fat and lactose contents; with crude protein, total solid, pH and ash contents being not influenced by the two seasons (dry and wet). Similarly, fat and lactose contents showed significant (P<0.001) parity effects; with the crude protein, total solid, pH and ash values differed non-significantly in the three parities (first, second and third). It is therefore concluded that the goat milk composition studied is comparable to the levels obtained in improved goats reported elsewhere. It is therefore suggested that improvement in the goat milk composition of the local breeds can be made through improved management and cross-breeding with higher-yielding local or exotic goats.	Breed; Lactation stage; Parity; Season	Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952601356	Chemical evaluation of the nutritive quality of pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]	Akande K.E., Abubakar M.M., Adegbola T.A., Bogoro S.E., Doma U.D.	2010	International Journal of Poultry Science	9	1	None	Animal Production Programme, School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, P.M.B0248, Bauchi State, Nigeria	Akande, K.E., Animal Production Programme, School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, P.M.B0248, Bauchi State, Nigeria; Abubakar, M.M., Animal Production Programme, School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, P.M.B0248, Bauchi State, Nigeria; Adegbola, T.A., Animal Production Programme, School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, P.M.B0248, Bauchi State, Nigeria; Bogoro, S.E., Animal Production Programme, School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, P.M.B0248, Bauchi State, Nigeria; Doma, U.D., Animal Production Programme, School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, P.M.B0248, Bauchi State, Nigeria	This study was carried out to evaluate the proximate and amino acid compositions of samples of raw and roasted pigeon pea seeds. The following range of values were obtained for dry matter (95.89-96.34%), crude protein (21.03-21.07%), crude fat (4.43-5.96%), crude fibre (7.16-7.52%) and ash (3.76-4.02%) respectively for the raw and roasted seeds of pigeon pea. While values for nitrogen free extract ranged from 57.77-59.51% for the roasted and raw pigeon pea seeds respectively. Results from the amino acid analysis revealed that some amino acids like arginine, aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, leucine and tyrosine had their concentration in the seeds increased with heat processing, while other amino acids were not. On the whole, the concentration of glutamic acid was found to be the highest in the pigeon pea, with a value of 14.21 g/16 gN for the roasted seeds. Lysine showed the highest concentration among the indispensable amino acids (7.79 g/16 gN for the raw seeds and 7.55 g/16 gN for the roasted seeds). Pigeon pea seed was found to be deficient in the sulphur-containing amino acids (cystine and methionine). © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Amino acid; Composition; Evaluation; Pigeon pea; Proximate	Cajanus cajan	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70450170551	Performance of Djallonke lambs raised under various management systems in Ghana	Baiden R.Y., Duncan J.L.	2009	Livestock Research for Rural Development	21	11	None	Animal Research Institute, Box AH20, Achimota, Accra, Ghana	Baiden, R.Y., Animal Research Institute, Box AH20, Achimota, Accra, Ghana; Duncan, J.L., Animal Research Institute, Box AH20, Achimota, Accra, Ghana	One of the major production traits of interest to sheep farmers in Ghana is lamb growth rate, as it determines how quickly they can make return on their investment. However, the rate of growth and milk production of ruminants grazing natural pastures in Ghana are generally low. This could be enhanced through proper feeding management systems. The current study therefore looked at the growth performance of Djallonke lambs under four feeding management systems, NS (No supplement), S-L (Supplement to lambs) S-D (Supplement to dam) and S-LD (Supplement to both dam and lamb). It also compared the cost of production under the various systems. Daily live weight gain of lambs increased by 62.73% when both dam and lamb were supplemented (S-LD) compared to the control group (NS). The cost of concentrate per unit marginal live weight gain was similar for S-LD and S-D. The findings of this study suggested that to enhance live weight gain of Djallonke lambs during the pre-weaning period farmers must attend to the feeding needs of both the dam and lamb.	Feed; Live weight; Marginal cost; Sheep; Supplement	Bovidae; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904323956	Growth performance of feedlot weaners cattle fed diet containing different levels of cold press soya bean oilcake	Chipa M.J., Siebrits F.K., Ratsaka M.M., Leeuw K.-J., Nkosi B.D.	2010	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	40	5SUPPL.1	None	ARC-Animal Production Institute, Private Bag X 2, Irene 0062, South Africa; Department of Animal Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X 680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Chipa, M.J., ARC-Animal Production Institute, Private Bag X 2, Irene 0062, South Africa; Siebrits, F.K., Department of Animal Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X 680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Ratsaka, M.M.; Leeuw, K.-J.; Nkosi, B.D.	The value of cold press soya bean oil cake (CPSBOC) as the source of protein in beef cattle was evaluated. CPSBOC was included in the diets of beef weaners at different levels i.e. 0%, 6%, 13% and 20%. The control diet contained cotton seed oil cake (CSOC) as a protein source. The diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous. A total of 40 weaners (20 heifers and 20 steers) at an average weight of 192.3 ± 20 kg were used. The experiment was a randomized block design with ten replicates per treatment and was conducted over 98 days. The group mass of the steers (700 ± 7.80 kg) was significantly heavier when compared with the heifers (6480 ± 7.80 kg). The average daily gain (ADG) (1.5 ± 2.72) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (5.5 ± 0.051) of the steers was significantly better than the heifers (1.35 ± 2.72 and 5.7 ± 0.051, respectively) while the steers consume more feed (8.2 ± 14.4 kg) per day as compared to the 7.4 ± 14.4 kg consumed by heifers. The weaners that were fed the diet containing 6% and 13% inclusion of CPSBOC grew significantly better than the other treatments. According to this study, an inclusion level of CPSBOC of between 6 and 13% will yield suitable growth in feedlot cattle. More research is needed to determine the optimum inclusion level of CPSBOC. © South African Society for Animal Science.	Feed conversion ratio; Feed intake; Growth; Heifers; Steers	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33847689867	Performance of West African Dwarf sheep and goats fed varying levels of cassava pulp as a replacement for cassava peels	Baiden R.Y., Rhule S.W.A., Otsyina H.R., Sottie E.T., Ameleke G.	2007	Livestock Research for Rural Development	19	3	None	Animal Research Institute, Box AH20, Achimota, Ghana	Baiden, R.Y., Animal Research Institute, Box AH20, Achimota, Ghana; Rhule, S.W.A., Animal Research Institute, Box AH20, Achimota, Ghana; Otsyina, H.R., Animal Research Institute, Box AH20, Achimota, Ghana; Sottie, E.T., Animal Research Institute, Box AH20, Achimota, Ghana; Ameleke, G., Animal Research Institute, Box AH20, Achimota, Ghana	Cassava pulp, a by product from the starch industry, was evaluated as a substitute for cassava peels in diets for sheep and goats. Inclusion levels of 15% and 30% pulp in the diet had no significant effect (P>0.05) on feed intake, digestibility, growth rate, feed conversion ratio and carcass weight. Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) values were significantly higher (P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively) for sheep on the 15% (PCV 34.3%; Hb 11.8g/100ml) and 30% (PCV 34.5%; Hb 11.4g/100ml) pulp diets compared to those on the 0% (PCV 28.5%; Hb 9.00g/100ml) pulp diet.	Carcass characteristics; Cassava pulp; Digestibility; Feed intake; Growth rate; Haematological values; West Africa Dwarf goats; West African Dwarf sheep	Capra hircus; Manihot esculenta; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45849108294	Performance of indigenous beef cattle under two management systems at Pokuase, Ghana	Baiden R.Y., Duncan L.	2008	Livestock Research for Rural Development	20	6	None	Animal Research Institute, PO Box AH20, Achimota, Ghana	Baiden, R.Y., Animal Research Institute, PO Box AH20, Achimota, Ghana; Duncan, L., Animal Research Institute, PO Box AH20, Achimota, Ghana	A study was conducted to investigate the performance of a mixture of N'dama x West African Shorthorn (WASH) cattle (6 to 15 weeks old) raised under a traditional management system and an improved system (cut and carry plus supplementation with agro-industrial byproducts) at the Pokuase Research Station of the Animal Research Institute, Ghana, from March 2006 to February 2007. The performance parameters studied were live weight change, feed intake and the economics of production. Calves on the improved system outperformed (P = 0.001) those on the traditional system in terms of live weight gain. Calves in both treatment groups performed at par in terms of live weight change till the first week in September after which those in the traditional system slowed down comparatively. Those on the improved system exhibited a relatively steady gain in live weight. Revenue measured in terms of the product of live weight gain and the prevailing market price per kilogram live weight was higher for the improved system resulting in an overall higher gross margin for the improved system. Nevertheless, considering the return on investment farmers may be tempted to continue using the traditional system. N'dama x WASH calves could be raised indoors under improved nutrition and management practices to enhance live weight gain. This work thus provides a window for landless livestock farmers in creating wealth; as animals could be raised in confinement with some return on investment.	Benefit cost ratio; Live weight change	Animalia; Bos; Dama	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750807946	Evaluation of poultry litter as feedstuff for growing rabbits	Onimisi P.A., Omage J.J.	2006	Livestock Research for Rural Development	18	11	None	Animal Science Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru Zaria, Nigeria	Onimisi, P.A., Animal Science Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru Zaria, Nigeria; Omage, J.J., Animal Science Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru Zaria, Nigeria	Twenty five eight weeks old growing rabbits of mixed breeds and sexes were used to evaluate the nutritive value of poultry litter (PL) by a graded level substitution of maize and soyabeans in the diet. There were five dietary treatments with five rabbits per treatment housed individually in cages in complete randomization. The treatment diets contained 0, 8, 16, 24, and 32% level of PL respectively. The rabbits were fed the treatment diets for the 8 weeks period of the experiment. Average daily weight gain and feed to gain ratio were not statistically different among the dietary treatments. It may be concluded from the results of this experiment that poultry litter could replace up to 32% of maize - soyabeans in rabbit diets without detrimental effects on growth performance.	Growing rabbits; Growth performance; Poultry litter	Oryctolagus cuniculus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57149097075	Research note: Inclusion of lablab in maize and sorghum silages improves sheep performance	Ngongoni N.T., Mwale M., Mapiye C., Moyo M.T., Hamudikuwanda H., Titterton M.	2008	Tropical Grasslands	42	3	None	Animal Science Department, University of Zimbabwe, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa; Department of Livestock and Wildlife Management, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe; Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	Ngongoni, N.T., Animal Science Department, University of Zimbabwe, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mwale, M., Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa, Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Mapiye, C., Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa; Moyo, M.T., Department of Livestock and Wildlife Management, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe; Hamudikuwanda, H., Animal Science Department, University of Zimbabwe, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Titterton, M., Animal Science Department, University of Zimbabwe, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	An experiment was conducted to determine intake and liveweight gain of sheep fed maize, sorghum, lablab-maize and lablab-sorghum silages (20 and 40% lablab) in a completely randomised design with 6 treatments. The maize and sorghum were mixed with lablab before ensiling and the silages were fed to sheep for 21 days. Silage intake increased with increase in legume inclusion level (P<0.05). Intake of maize-based silages was higher than that of sorghum-based silages. While sheep fed the straight cereal diets lost weight, liveweight change improved as the level of lablab inclusion increased (P<0.05). The findings confirm that legume inclusion with maize and sorghum forages when ensiling improves silage intake and enhances ruminant animal performance. Long-term feeding experiments using a combination of cereals and legumes with different ruminant species are required to validate these preliminary findings.	None	Animalia; Bovidae; Lablab; Ovis aries; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548694553	Evaluation of cereal-legume intercropped forages for smallholder dairy production in Zimbabwe	Ngongoni N.T., Mwale M., Mapiye C., Moyo M.T., Hamudikuwanda H., Titterton M.	2007	Livestock Research for Rural Development	19	9	None	Animal Science Department, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Department of Livestock and Wildlife Management, Midlands State University, P. Bag 9055, Gweru, Zimbabwe	Ngongoni, N.T., Animal Science Department, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mwale, M., Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Mapiye, C., Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Moyo, M.T., Department of Livestock and Wildlife Management, Midlands State University, P. Bag 9055, Gweru, Zimbabwe; Hamudikuwanda, H., Animal Science Department, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Titterton, M., Animal Science Department, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	A study was conducted at Henderson Research Station in Mazoe, Zimbabwe to assess the establishment, persistence, yield and nutritive quality of cereal and ley legumes sole crops and cereal-legume intercrops on sandy and clay soils. Four cereals, maize and three sorghum varieties; Jumbo, Pan 888 and Sugargraze, and five legume varieties Vigna unguiculata, (Cow pea) Lablab pupureus (Lablab), Crotolaria juncea (Sunnhemp), Glycine max (Soyabean) and Lupinus albus (Lupin) were used. A 2 x 4 x 5 factorial experiment in a split-split plot design with soil type as the main plot factor, cereal as the sub-plot factor and legume as sub-sub-plot factor was used. Total herbage yields were significantly higher on the clay than sandy soil, with yield ranging from 8.0 to 11.0 t/ha Dry matter (DM) and 1.0 to 5.6 t/ha DM, respectively. On intercrops legumes contributed 14-69% of the total herbage yield for sandy soils (P < 0.05). On clay soil, legume contribution was low ranging from 3-30%. The dry matter yield for cereals grown on the sandy soil was 22-34% of clay soil yields. Cowpea, lablab and sunnhemp sandy soil yields ranged from 44-60% of the clay soil yield. Soybean performed poorly on the sandy soil whilst lupin did so in both sites. Sandy soil forage tended to have significantly higher DM, Water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and fibre contents and low Crude protein (CP) contents than those grown on clay soil. Maize and Jumbo had higher yields than Pan 888 and Sugargraze (P < 0.05). Cowpea, lablab and sunnhemp had higher yields than lupin and soybean (P < 0.05). Intercropping of cereals and legumes is commendable for the increase of nutrient quality particularly the crude protein content of cereals on clay soils. However, the matching has to be thoroughly done to avoid mixing forages that may hinder each other from the access of nutrients, chiefly sunlight. Therefore, farmers are recommended to use cereal-legume intercrops especially maize or sorghum and cowpea and or lablab to enhance dry season feed availability.	Cereal; Intercrop; Legume; Nutritive quality; Persistence; Yield; Zimbabwe	Crotalaria juncea; Glycine max; Lablab; Lupinus albus; Pisum sativum; Vigna unguiculata; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80455174369	Non-genetic factors affecting growth performance and carcass characteristics of two South African pig breeds	Dube B., Mulugeta S.D., van der Westhuizen R.R., Dzama K.	2011	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	41	2	None	Animal Science Programme, North West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; ARC Livestock Business Division, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa; Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Dube, B., Animal Science Programme, North West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Mulugeta, S.D., Animal Science Programme, North West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; van der Westhuizen, R.R., ARC Livestock Business Division, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa; Dzama, K., Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	A study was conducted to establish non-genetic factors affecting growth and carcass traits in Large White and Landrace pigs. This study was based on 20 079 and 12 169 growth and 5 406 and 2 533 carcass data collected on performance tested pigs between 1990 and 2008 from Large White and Landrace breeds respectively. The traits analyzed were backfat thickness (BFAT), test period gain (TPG), lifetime gain (LTG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), age at slaughter (AGES), lean percentage (LEAN), drip-free lean percentage (DLEAN), drip loss (DRIP), dressing percentage (DRESS), carcass length (CRLTH) and eye muscle area (AREA). Significant effects were determined using PROC GLM of SAS. Herd of origin, year of testing and their interaction significantly affected all traits. Most traits were not affected by season of testing in both breeds, while all traits in both breeds were significantly affected by sex. Testing environment (station, farm) affected all growth traits except for LTG. Backfat thickness and AGES increased with increasing total feed intake, while other traits decreased as total feed intake increased. Improved test centre management did not compensate for pre-test underperformance. Castrates produced higher carcass yields of lower quality than females, while performance testing showed the best results when done at testing centres. This study showed the importance of adjusting for fixed effects when performing genetic evaluations in the two pig populations.	Carcass traits; Environmental effects; Growth traits; Landrace; Large white; Swine	Pieris brassicae; Suidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866115019	Haematological evaluations of the antimalarial activity of Bridelia ferruginea benth bark	Kolawole O.M., Adebayo J.O., Oguntoye S.O., Okoh A.I., Mazomba N.	2012	Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology	6	2	None	Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Facu	Kolawole, O.M., Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, South Africa; Adebayo, J.O., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Oguntoye, S.O., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Okoh, A.I., Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, South Africa; Mazomba, N., Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, South Africa	We investigated the antimalarial activity of the methanolic extract of Bridelia ferruginea benth bark at 400 mg/kg body weights in mice (Mus musculus) infected with chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei using the rane test. There was decreased in packed cell volume, RBC and Hb in infected groups from day zero to 14 with a corresponding increase in RBC of the uninfected -extract treated group (p<0.05). The infected - untreated showed continual decreased from day zero to 14 (p<0.05) compared to the infected - treated groups and the uninfected - untreated (control) group. However, decreased in MCHC was recorded by day 14 for the infected - untreated animals. WBC and lymphocytes indices revealed that there was no significant difference in all the groups by day zero, however by day 14, there was significant increased in the WBC and lymphocytes for infected - treated groups compared to all other groups (p<0.05). In the platelets count, by day 14 there was significant decreased in the infected - untreated group compared to others (p<0.05). Also, there was no significant difference in the neutrophils for the infected - extract treated, infected - chloroquine treated, control, and uninfected - extract treated groups (p<0.05). The haematological indices further substantiates the promising antimalarial activity of the bark extract.	Antimalarial; Bridelia ferruginea; Haematological indices; Methanolic extract	Bridelia ferruginea extract; chloroquine; hemoglobin; methanol; animal experiment; animal model; antimalarial activity; article; bark; bridelia ferruginea; controlled study; drug effect; erythrocyte count; hematocrit; leukocyte count; lymphocyte count; medicinal plant; mouse; neutrophil count; nonhuman; Plasmodium berghei infection; Animalia; Bridelia ferruginea; Mus; Mus musculus; Plasmodium berghei	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896382538	Seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton in two tropical rivers of varying size and human impact in southeast Nigeria [Dinamica de temporada del fitoplankton en dos rios tropicales de tamaño e impacto humano variado en el sureste de Nigeria]	Idumah Okogwu O., Ugwumba A.O.	2013	Revista de Biologia Tropical	61	4	None	Applied Biology Department, Ebonyi State University, PMB 53, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Idumah Okogwu, O., Applied Biology Department, Ebonyi State University, PMB 53, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Ugwumba, A.O., Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Phytoplankton occurrence and dynamics in rivers are mainly shaped by hydrophysical conditions and nutrient availability. Phytoplankton main structuring factors have been poorly studied in West African rivers, and this study was undertaken to identify these conditions in two tropical rivers that vary in size and human impact. For this, environmental variables and phytoplankton monthly samples were collected from the middle reaches of Asu and Cross rivers during an 18 months survey from March 2005-July 2006. Phytoplankton biomass (F=11.87, p=0.003), Shannon-Weiner diversity and species richness (F=5.93, p=0.003) showed significant seasonality in Asu but not in Cross River. Data was analyzed with Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and showed environmental differences between the two rivers, nitrate in Asu River (5.1-15.5mg/L) was significantly higher than Cross River (0.03-1.7mg/L), while PO4 (0.2-0.9mg/L) was significantly lower in Asu River compared to Cross River (0.03-2.6mg/L) (p&lt;0.05). Eutrophic factors (NO3) determined primarily phytoplankton dynamics in Asu River, especially during the dry season, whereas hydrophysical factors (depth, transparency and temperature) shaped phytoplankton in Cross River. Taxa indicative of an eutrophic condition, such as Euglena, Chlorella, Chlorococcus, Ceratium, Peridinium, Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Closterium, Scenedesmus and Pediastrum spp., were frequently encountered in the shallow impounded Asu River, while riverine species, such as Frustulia rhomboids, Gyrosigma sp., Opephora martyr and Surirella splendida dominated Cross River. A succession pattern was observed in the functional groups identified: Na/MP→TB→P (rainy→dry season) was observed in Asu River, whereas MP/D predominated in Cross River for both seasons. We concluded that, if nutrients predominate hydrophysical factors in shaping phytoplankton during dry season (half of the year) then, they are as important as hydrophysical factors structuring phytoplankton during rainy season (the other half).	Asu River; Cross River; Eutrophication; Functional group; Phytoplankton; West Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930590466	The impact of cassava effluent on the microbial and physicochemical characteristics on soil dynamics and structure	Igbinosa E.O., Igiehon O.N.	2015	Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences	8	2	None	Applied Microbial Processes and Environmental Health Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Private Mail Bag 1154, Benin City, Nigeria	Igbinosa, E.O., Applied Microbial Processes and Environmental Health Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Private Mail Bag 1154, Benin City, Nigeria; Igiehon, O.N., Applied Microbial Processes and Environmental Health Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Private Mail Bag 1154, Benin City, Nigeria	The effects of cassava effluent on soil microbial and physicochemical properties were studied using culture-dependent and standard analytical methods. Soil samples were collected from sites polluted with cassava effluent and from adjacent sites that were not impacted with the effluent pollution. The isolation and enumeration of microbial population was carried out using standard culture-based methods. Standard analytical methods were used to assay for physicochemical properties. The highest bacterial count of 3.61×108 ± 0.12 CFU/g was recorded for polluted soil sampled from Ehor, while the lowest count of 1.3×108 ± 0.03 CFU/g was recorded in Isihor. Isihor had the highest fungal count of 2.2 ×108 ± 0.01 CFU/g from soil contaminated with cassava effluent. The fungal counts of the polluted soil were significantly lower than the bacterial counts generally (p < 0.05). The heavy metal contents of the contaminated soils were relatively higher than the uncontaminated soil (control). Unlike in the control soils, pH of the polluted soils ranged from 4.0 - 4.78. The bacteria isolated were Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus macerans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella aoxytoca and Escherichia coli. Eleven species of fungi belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Rhizopus were also isolated. The present study shows that the cassava effluent can have an increasing or limiting effect on the microbial diversity of the polluted soil which could also be attributed to the simultaneous impact on the physicochemical parameters of the soil. © 2015 Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences.	Biodiversity; Heavy metal; Microbial density; Pollution; Toxicants	Aspergillus; Bacillus subtilis; Bacteria (microorganisms); Escherichia coli; Fungi; Klebsiella; Manihot esculenta; Paenibacillus macerans; Penicillium; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Rhizopus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79251480044	Microbial evaluation and public health implications of urine as alternative therapy in clinical pediatric cases: Health implication of urine therapy	Ogunshe A.A.O., Fawole A.O., Ajayi V.A.	2010	Pan African Medical Journal	5	None	None	Applied Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Biology, The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Biology and Microbiology Unit, Department of Sc	Ogunshe, A.A.O., Applied Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Fawole, A.O., Department of Biology, The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Ajayi, V.A., Biology and Microbiology Unit, Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Background: Cultural means of pediatric treatment during ill health is a mainstay in Africa, and though urine has been known to contain enteric pathogens, urine therapy is still culturally applicable in some health conditions and also advocated as alternative therapy. The study therefore, is to evaluate the microbial contents and safety of urine. Methods: Urinary bacteria from cows and healthy children aged 5-11 years were identified by conventional phenotypic methods and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using modified agar disc and well-diffusion methods. Results: A total of 116 bacterial isolates (n = 77 children; n = 39 cows) were identified as Bacillus (10.4%; 5.1%)), Staphylococcus (2.6%; 2.6%), Citrobacter (3.9%; 12.8%), Escherichia coli (36.4%; 23.1%), Klebsiella (7.8%; 12.8%), Proteus (18.2%; 23.1%), Pseudomonas (9.1%; 2.6%), Salmonella (3.9%; 5.1%) and Shigella (7.8%; 12.8%) spp. Antibiotic resistance rates of the Gram-positive bacteria were high (50.0-100%), except in Bacillus strains against chloramphenicol, gentamicin and tetracycline (14.3%), while higher resistance rates were recorded among the Gram-negative bacteria except in Citrobacter (0.0%) and Proteus (8.5%) spp. against gentamicin and tetracycline respectively. The Gram-negative bacteria from ito malu (cow urine) were more resistant bacteria except in Citrobacter (20.0%) and Shigella spp. (0.0%) against tetracycline and Proteus spp. (11.1%), (22.2%) against amoxicillin and tetracycline respectively. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) rates recorded in children urinal bacterial species were 37.5-100% (Gram-positive) and 12.5-100% (Gram-negative), while MAR among the cow urinal bacteria was 12.5-75.0% (Gram-positive) and 25.0-100% (Gram-negative). Similar higher resistance rates were also recorded among the Gram-negative bacterial species from urine specimens against the pediatric antibiotic suspensions. Conclusion: The study reported presence of multiple antibiotic-resistant indicator bacteria in human urine and ito malu used as alternative remedy in pediatric health conditions like febrile convulsion. © Adenike Adedayo O. Ogunshe et al.	Alternative medicine; Antibiotic resistance; Convulsion; Cultural behaviour; Infant mortality; Nigeria; Pediatic; Urine therapy	agar; amaxin; amoxicillin; amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid; ampicillin; ampicillin plus cloxacillin; antibiotic agent; azithromycin; cefaclor; cefadroxil; cefalerin; cefamor; cefuroxime axetil; chloramphenicol; clindamycin; clofencol; cloxacillin; cotrimoxazole; emicillin; emzoclox; erythrokid; erythromycin; erythromycin stearate; flucloxacillin; fusidic acid; gentamicin; jawaclox; loxagyl; loxaprim; metronidazole; odoxil ds; penicillin G; rancotrim; sulfamethoxazole; tetracycline; throtal; trimethoprim; unclassified drug; antiinfective agent; alternative medicine; antibiotic resistance; antibiotic sensitivity; article; Bacillus; bacterium identification; bacterium isolation; child; childhood disease; Citrobacter; controlled study; cow; Escherichia coli; febrile convulsion; female; Gram negative bacterium; Gram positive bacterium; human; Klebsiella; male; microbiological examination; nonhuman; phenotype; preschool child; Proteus; Pseudomonas; public health service; Salmonella; school child; Shigella; species difference; Staphylococcus; urine therapy; African medicine; animal; antibiotic resistance; cattle; drug effect; evaluation; febrile convulsion; Gram negative bacterium; Gram positive bacterium; isolation and purification; microbiological examination; microbiology; pediatrics; public health; urine; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; Male; Medicine, African Traditional; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pediatrics; Public Health; Seizures, Febrile; Urine	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859116370	Evaluation of the antioxidant potentials of ten leafy vegetables extracts commonly consumed by the Ghanaian population	Achel D.G., Mills R., Otchere J., Seyram E., Achoribo E., Adu-Bobi N.A.-K., Donkor S., Boatin R., Adom T., Adaboro R.M., Gomda Y.	2012	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	11	2	None	Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana	Achel, D.G., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Mills, R., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Otchere, J., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Seyram, E., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Achoribo, E., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Adu-Bobi, N.A.-K., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Donkor, S., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Boatin, R., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Adom, T., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Adaboro, R.M., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Gomda, Y., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana	Ten traditional leafy vegetables commonly consumed by Ghanaians have been evaluated for their antioxidant potential based on their polyphenolic and flavonoid contents. Among the plants studied the methanol extracts of Ocimum basilicum (akokobesa), and Amaranthus incurvatus (aleefo) exhibited the highest phenolic content of 16.4 mg GAE/g dw and 11.3mg dw GAE/g respectively. The highest phenolic content for water extracts were seen in Manihot esculenta (cassava; 9.29mg GAE/g dw) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (shuuré; 7.28mg GAE/g dw) and C esculanta (7.11 mg GAE/g dw). The methanol extracts of H. sabdariffa (Shuuré), Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaves), Manihot esculenta (cassava leaves) and Ocimum basilicum (akokobesa) recorded the highest flavonoid content (FC) of 99.14 μg QE/g dw, 70.20μg QE/g dw, 70.08μg QE/g dw and 63.37μg QE/g dw respectively. For the FC of the aqueous extracts the order was; A. incurvatus &gt; H. sabdariffa &gt; Talinum triangulare&gt; Colocasia esculenta &gt; M. esculenta &gt; V. amygdalina&gt; O. basilicum &gt; Solanum macrocarpon &gt; Launaea taraxacifolia &gt; Corchorus olitorius. A good positive correlation r 2= 0.663 was observed between polyphenolic content and antioxidant values for the aqueous extracts, however, no correlation was found between flavonoids, polyphenolics and total antioxidants. The study indicates that the leafy vegetables consumed by Ghanaians are potentially rich sources of dietary polyphenolic compounds and antioxidants, and might contribute important health and nutraceutical benefits to consumers.	Antioxidants; Free-radicals; Health benefits; Leafy vegetables; Phytochemicals	Amaranthus; Amaranthus hybridus; Colocasia esculenta; Corchorus olitorius; Gymnanthemum amygdalinum; Hibiscus sabdariffa; Launaea; Manihot esculenta; Ocimum; Ocimum basilicum; Solanum; Solanum macrocarpon; Talinum triangulare; Vernonia amygdalina	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958792768	Cover Crop Management in a Sauvignon blanc/Ramsey vineyard in the semi-arid Olifants River Valley, South Africa. 2. Effect of different cover crops and cover crop management practices on grapevine performance	Fourie J.C., Louw P.J.E., Agenbag G.A.	2007	South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture	28	2	None	ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Department of Agronomy, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; Sapex Exports, 11 Victoria Street, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa	Fourie, J.C., ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Louw, P.J.E., ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa, Sapex Exports, 11 Victoria Street, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Agenbag, G.A., Department of Agronomy, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa	The trial was conducted over a period of ten years (1993/94 to 2002/03) on a sandy soil in a Sauvignon blanc/Ramsey vineyard near Lutzville (31°35'S, 18°52'E), situated in the semi-arid Olifants River Valley of the Western Cape. Fourteen treatments, consisting of three grain species and four legumes, managed according to two cover crop management practices, were included. One management practice consisted of cover crops which were sown annually and full surface, post-emergence chemical control which was applied before bud break and when the berries reached pea size (BB). The second management practice consisted of cover crops which were sown biennially. Post-emergence chemical control was applied to the vine row before bud break and full surface when the berries reached pea size (AB). From 1999/2000 to 2002/03 the cover crops were sown annually, while the full surface post-emergence control applied at the end of November was advanced to mid-October. Two treatments in which Avena sativa L. v. Saia ('Saia' oats) and Vicia dasycarpa Ten. (grazing vetch) were sown annually, controlled mechanically in the work row and chemically in the vine row from bud break to harvest (MC), were also applied. These treatments were compared to a control, in which no cover crop was sown and MC was applied. A treatment in which no cover crop was sown and BB was applied (weedchem), was also included. During the third growing season of the vines (1994/95), the grapevine shoot mass of the BB treatments of grazing vetch and Medicago truncatula Gaertn. v. Paraggio ('Paraggio' medic) was significantly more than that of the AB and MC treatments, with the exception of Secale cereale L. v. Henog (AB) and grazing vetch (MC). The first harvest (1994/95) from the grapevines in the BB treatments was significantly higher than that of weedchem and the MC treatments. The grape yield of the BB treatments, grazing vetch (AB) and Ornithopus sativus L. v. Emena (pink Seradella) (AB) was significantly more than that of weedchem and the control during the 1997/98 season. The NO 3-N concentration in the leaf petioles in all the cover crop treatments was, with the exception of the AB treatments of rye, M. truncatula Gaertn. v. Parabinga ('Parabinga' medic) and grazing vetch, significantly higher than that in weedchem and the control, as measured during the 1994/95 season. The NO 3-N concentration in the leaf petioles of the BB and AB treatment of a species differed significantly. The N concentration in the juice of the cover crop treatments during the 1995/96 season was, with the exception of 'Saia' oats (MC) and 'Parabinga' medic (AB), significantly higher than that of weedchem and the control. During the 1998/99 season, the N concentration of the juice in the BB and AB treatments of grazing vetch and pink Seradella was significantly higher than that of the MC treatments, two rye treatments, weedchem and the AB treatments of the other cover crops. The concentration of Ca in the juice of the cover crop treatments was, with the exception of the pink Seradella treatments, significantly higher than that of weedchem and the control. Wine quality did not differ between treatments.	Cover crops; Grape juice; Grape yield; Grapevines; Shoot growth; Soil management	Avena; Avena sativa; Medicago truncatula; Ornithopus sativus; Pisum sativum; Secale cereale; Vicia; Vicia villosa varia; Vitaceae; Vitis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749640288	Evaluation of toxic action mechanisms of binary mixtures of spent lubricant oil and detergent against littoral estuarine macro-invertebrates	Chukwu L.O.	2006	Pollution Research	25	2	None	Aquatic Toxicology and Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria	Chukwu, L.O., Aquatic Toxicology and Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria	The toxicities of spent engine oil and a Nigerian brand of detergent (Omo), and their binary mixture in ratio of 9:1 were evaluated against hermit crab, Clibanarius africanus and periwinkle, Tympanotfonus fuscatus in laboratory bioassays. The interactions between binary mixture showed significant variations from the action of the individual constituent toxicants when acting singly. On the basis of synergistic ratio (SRs) and concentration-addition models, the relationship between binary mixture. (9:1) of spent engine oil and detergent against C africanus and T fuscatus were in conformity with the models of synergism (S.R=4.12; RTU=3.95 and S.R=1.21; RTU=10 respectively) indicating that the toxicity of the constituent toxicants in the mixtures were enhanced. The importance of the results obtained from the joint action toxicity evaluations in setting effective and environmentally safe limits for control and management of petroleum pollutants is discussed. Copyright © Enviromedia.	None	bioassay; crab; detergent; laboratory method; oil; pollution monitoring; snail; synergism; toxicity test; Catharanthus roseus; Clibanarius; Decapoda (Crustacea); Invertebrata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876959735	Effects of soil parent material and climate on the performance of vitis vinifrra L. cvs. Sauvignon blanc and Cabernet Sauvignon - Part II. Climate, leaf analysis, juice analysis and wine quality	Shange L.P., Conradie W.J.	2012	South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture	33	2	None	ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, 7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa	Shange, L.P., ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, 7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa; Conradie, W.J., ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, 7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa	A five-year investigation (2004/05 to 2008/09) was carried out in two Sauvignon blanc and two Cabernet Sauvignon vineyards in the Helderberg area, Western Cape, South Africa. Soils, derived mainly from granite and shale, were identified in each vineyard. Climatic parameters were measured, while leaves and juice were analysed. Experimental wines were prepared and evaluated annually. The nutritional status of the leaf blades and petioles was not affected by soil parent materials in a consistent pattern. Juice N of grapevines on the shale-derived soil was usually higher than that of vines on the granite-derived soil. The effect of soil parent material on Sauvignon blanc wine style appeared to have been more distinct at the locality where wine quality was highest. At this locality, wine from the grapevines on shale-derived soil (higher water-holding capacity) was best in 2004/05 (dry season), while the reverse was true in the 2007/08 season (wet). The style and/or quality of Cabernet Sauvignon wines were affected to a greater extent by differences in soil parent materials, relative to Sauvignon blanc. Differences were especially noticeable during the cooler and wetter seasons. Better drainage in the case of the granite-derived soils, due to the higher coarse sand fraction, may have played a positive role during these seasons.	Granite; Juice nitrogen; Shale; Wine style	Vitis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956526884	Effects of rootstock on grapevine performance, petiole and must composition, and overall wine score of Vitis vinifera cv. Chardonnay and pinot noir	Wooldridge J., Louw P.J.E., Conradie W.J.	2010	South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture	31	1	None	ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Sapex Exports (Pty) Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa	Wooldridge, J., ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Louw, P.J.E., Sapex Exports (Pty) Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Conradie, W.J., ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa	Characteristics of Chardonnay and Pinot noir vines on Richter 99 (99R), Richter 110 (110R), Ruggeri 140 (140Ru) and SO4 rootstocks were assessed over six consecutive seasons in a factorial field trial on an Avalon soil in Stellenbosch that had been limed to pH 5.75 (1M KCl). Ruggeri 140 promoted the highest cane mass (vigour), highest petiole and must nitrogen (N), lowest ratio of yield to cane mass, and lowest overall wine quality. The lowest cane mass and highest wine quality were produced by vines on 110R. Petiole N, phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), and must N and Ca, were also lower for vines on 110R than for those on 140Ru.	Cane mass; Chardonnay; Must; Petiole; Pinot noir; Yield	Vitaceae; Vitis; Vitis vinifera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956514102	Soil management in the Breede River valley wine grape region, South Africa. 1. Cover crop performance and weed control	Fourie J.C.	2010	South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture	31	1	None	ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa	Fourie, J.C., ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa	Eight cover crop treatments were applied for 12 consecutive years on a medium-textured soil in a vineyard near Robertson (33°50'S, 19°54'E). A treatment with full surface straw mulch and full surface post-emergence chemical control applied from just before grapevine bud break to harvest (BB), and one with no cover crop combined with BB, were also applied. The control consisted of mechanical control in the work row and post-emergence chemical control in the vine row applied from bud break to harvest. Rotating Triticale v. Usgen 18 (triticale) and Vicia dasycarpa Ten. (vetch) did not improve the dry matter production (DMP) of either species. Average DMP decreased as follows: triticale > Secale cereale L. v. Henog (rye)/Vicia faba L. v. Fiord (faba bean) mixture > triticale/vetch biennial rotation > triticale/vetch annual rotation > vetch. Triticale (BB) resulted in total winter weed suppression from 1995 to 1996 and from 2001 to 2004. Total weed control from bud break to the pea size berry stage of the grapevines was achieved with straw mulch (BB), triticale (BB), rye/faba bean mixture (BB) and triticale/vetch rotated biennially (BB) from 2001 to 2003. For triticale combined with full surface post-emergence chemical control applied from grapevine berry set (AB), and for triticale/vetch rotated annually (BB), this was restricted to 2001 and 2003. From the pea size berry stage to harvest, straw mulch (BB), triticale (BB), vetch (BB), rye/faba bean mixture (BB) and triticale (AB) reduced the weed stand significantly in comparison to the control.	Cover crops; Grapevines; Management practices; Mulches; Weed control	Pisum sativum; Secale cereale; Triticosecale; Vicia; Vicia faba; Vicia villosa varia; Vitaceae; Vitis; Vitis vinifera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958786775	Soil management in the breede river valley wine grape region, South Africa. 3. Grapevine performance	Fourie J.C.	2011	South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture	32	1	None	ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa	Fourie, J.C., ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa	Eight cover crop treatments were applied for 12 consecutive years on a medium textured soil in a vineyard near Robertson (33°50'S, 19°54'E). A treatment with full surface straw mulch combined with full surface post-emergence chemical control applied from just before grapevine bud break to harvest (BB) and another with no cover crop combined with BB was also applied. The control consisted of mechanical control in the work row and post-emergence chemical control in the vine row applied from bud break to harvest. In the BB treatments, grapevine shoot growth was signifcantly higher than in the treatment where a perennial cover crop was established in the work row during both the second (1993/94) and third (1994/95) season after the grapevines were established. The grape yield in all the BB treatments, except the one in which a mixture of Secale cereale L. v. Henog and Vicia faba L. v. Fiord was sown, was signifcantly higher than that of the control and the treatment in which a perennial cover crop was sown in the work row during the 1995/96 season. During the 2001/02 season, the grape yield of the BB treatment with a full surface straw mulch was signifcantly higher than that of all the other treatments. The different soil management practices had a signifcant effect on the N status of the juice, but did not affect wine quality.	Cover crops; Grape juice; Grape yield; Grapevines; Shoot growth; Soil management	Secale cereale; Vicia faba; Vitaceae; Vitis; Vitis vinifera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955614278	Ssperformance of poverty alleviation projects in South Africa: The case of Vhembe Districtin Limpopo Province	Tshitangoni M., Okorie A., Francis J.	2011	Scientific Research and Essays	6	5	None	Centre for Rural Development and Poverty Alleviation, School of Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa	Tshitangoni, M., Centre for Rural Development and Poverty Alleviation, School of Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; Okorie, A., Centre for Rural Development and Poverty Alleviation, School of Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; Francis, J., Centre for Rural Development and Poverty Alleviation, School of Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa	This paper presents the findings of a review of performance of poverty alleviation projects in Vhembe District of Limpopo Province in South Africa. Data were collected from 30 stratified randomly sampled poverty alleviation projects across the district. Five project strata, namely community gardens (n = 12), poultry (n = 8), piggery (n = 2), bakery (n = 2) and other projects, including juice making, brick making, stone crushing and coffin making (n = 6) constituted the sample. One hundred and eight (108) respondents representing the sampled projects were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Data were coded, processed and analyzed using the Microsoft Excel program and matrix of projects performance. Performance of projects differed by type. All the bakery projects were successful, followed by poultry (62%), community garden and other projects with 33% each. In contrast, all the piggery projects were performing poorly. Overall, the projects performed well (above the 50% threshold), based on the following indicators: availability of project funding, level of commitment by project members and skills as well as knowledge gained. Level of production, generation of income and profit, self-reliance and relevance of projects to addressing project members needs indicated that the projects did not perform well. The results of this study reflected areas of serious concern, in particular the low levels of production; irrelevance of projects to addressing project members needs; inability of projects to generate income and profit; and lack of self-reliance. Given the results of this study, it is desirable to evaluate the performance of all PAPs in the province. ©2011 Academic Journals.	Alleviation; Indicator; Performance; Poverty; Project	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924851019	Evaluation of indigenous fynbos and renosterveld species for cover crop management in the vineyards of the Coastal Wine Grape Region, South Africa	Fourie J.C.	2014	South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture	35	1	None	ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Fourie, J.C., ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Four treatments in which fynbos and renosterveld species were employed as cover crops, and two treatments in which exotic species were used as cover crops, were applied. A treatment in which indigenous annuals and an exotic annual was sown as a mixture, and a control in which no cover crop was established, were also included in the trial. These eight treatments were applied for four consecutive years on a sandy soil (33°52 1 S, 18°58' E) and a sandy loam soil (33 °551 S, 18°52 'E) in vineyards near Stellenbosch, South Africa. Effective suppression of the winter growing weeds was achieved with Avena saliva L. cv. Pallinup on a sandy soil from the third season onwards. This was also achieved with a mixture of Ornithopus sativus L. cv. Emena (50%) and three indigenous broadleaf annuals (50%), namely Felicia helerophylla (Cass) Grau, Dimorphothecapluvialis (L.) Moench and Scenecio elegans L. None of the renosterveld and lowland fynbos mixtures or monocultures had the abifity to become established effectively on both the sandy and sandy loam soil, or could compete effectively with the winter-growing weeds commonly found in the vineyards of the Coastal wine grape region of the Western Cape. These species therefore should not be considered for cover crop management in this region.	Biodiversity; Cover crops; Grapevines; Indigenous species; Soil cultivation	Avena sativa; Felicia; Ornithopus sativus; Vitis vinifera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84951964216	Effect of irrigation with diluted winery wastewater on the performance of two grass cover crops in vineyards	Fourie J.C., Theron H., Ochse C.H.	2015	South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture	36	2	None	ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Private Bag X8, Wellington, South Africa	Fourie, J.C., ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Theron, H., Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Private Bag X8, Wellington, South Africa; Ochse, C.H., ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Pennisetum glaucum L. cv. Babala (pearl millet) established as a summer catch crop followed by Avena sativa L. cv Palinup (oats) established as a winter catch crop were irrigated with winery wastewater diluted to eight chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels ranging between 100 mg/L and 3 000 mg!L. The diluted wastewater treatments were compared to irrigation with river water. The dry matter production (DMP) of oats, if not preceded by pearl millet, tended to improve when irrigated with winery wastewater. Growth of pearl millet peaked during the period when 91% of the diluted winery wastewater was applied. Winery wastewater improved the DMP of pearl millet. No trends were observed in the nutrient levels of the above-ground growth of the two interception crops. However, Na levels increased over time. Using both species, too high levels of macro-nutrients were intercepted, but insignificant amounts of Na were removed. Irrigation with winery wastewater with COD levels between 1 500 mg/L and 2 500 mg/L may be sustainable if only pearl millet is employed as an interception crop. Fertiliser needed to maintain the nutrient balance in the soil resulted in an additional cost of approximately R2 800/ha/yr. However, the fodder may provide an income in excess of R15 000/ha/yr.	Catch crops; Cellar effluent; Chemical oxygen demand; Cover crops; Grapevine; Interception crops; Soil cultivation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-68949105688	Effects of season and regulated photoperiod on the reproductive performance of sows	Chokoe T.C., Siebrits F.K.	2009	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	39	1	None	ARC, Department of Reproduction Genetic Resources, Irene Animal Improvement Institute, Private Bag X02, Irene 0062, South Africa; Tshwane University of Technology, Department of Animal Sciences, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Chokoe, T.C., ARC, Department of Reproduction Genetic Resources, Irene Animal Improvement Institute, Private Bag X02, Irene 0062, South Africa, Tshwane University of Technology, Department of Animal Sciences, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Siebrits, F.K., Tshwane University of Technology, Department of Animal Sciences, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Reproductive performance of experimental commercial Dalland sows (n = 87) maintained under a constant photoperiod (10 h light and 14 h darkness) and control sows (n = 187) maintained under natural daylight length (10.4 h light in winter and 13.4 h light in summer) were compared. In early summer 4.1% of experimental sows returned to oestrus compared to 20.8% of the control sows. In late summer 9.1% of experimental sows returned to oestrus compared to 21.9% of the control sows. Reduced photoperiod improved the farrowing rate of experimental sows in the early summer breeding compared to the control group (95.4% and 81.3%, respectively). With winter breeding there was a small proportion of sows that returned to service in both groups (7.9% and 8.9%) while the farrowing rate was high in both groups (93.9% and 91.0% in the experimental and control groups, respectively). Litter sizes derived from early summer services were 11.4 and 11.6 for the experimental and control groups, respectively, while winter services led to litter sizes of 11.6 and 12.4 whereas in late summer services, regulated photoperiod had improved the litter size of the experimental group (12.3) compared to the control group (11.2). © South African Society for Animal Science.	Farrowing rate; Litter size; Regulated photoperiod; Return to oestrus; Season	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951538989	Production and breeding performance of South African dairy herds	Theron H.E., Mostert B.E.	2009	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	39	SUPPL. 1	None	ARC-Animal Production Institute, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa	Theron, H.E., ARC-Animal Production Institute, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa; Mostert, B.E., ARC-Animal Production Institute, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa	Comparisons between production and breeding potential of different feeding systems (Concentrates, Mixed and Pastures) in South Africa were made. Data of active cows participating in performance testing as at November 2007 were used. Holstein cows numbered 68280 in 254 herds and Jersey cows 51275 in 248 herds. Average milk production and lactation number were 8147 ± 2260 and 2.9 ± 1.8 for Holstein and 5347 ± 1156 and 3.1 ± 2.0 for Jersey, respectively. Most Holstein and Jersey herds (53%) were on Mixed rations, followed by Concentrates (28%) and Pastures (19%). Milk production was 9967 ± 2022; 6996 ± 1623 and 7143 ± 1549 kg for Holstein and 6385 ± 1233; 5155 ± 955 and 4753 ± 1022 kg for Jersey cows, respectively, for Concentrates, Mixed and Pasture systems. Most sires used were local (49% of Holstein sires and 68% of Jersey sires). Imported Holstein sires were mostly from USA (30%) and The Netherlands (17%), and foreign Jersey sires (26%) were mostly from the USA. Farmers seemed to select the same sires on the different feeding regimes. Differences between feeding regimes were significant. © South African Society for Animal Science.	Concentrates; Pasture systems; Sire selection	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951687163	Germplasm evaluation and enhancement for the development of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp dual-purpose F2 genotypes	Moalafi A.I., Asiwe J.A.N., Funnah S.M.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	7	None	ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X 1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Department of Plant Production, University of North West, Mafikeng 2120, South Africa	Moalafi, A.I., ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X 1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Asiwe, J.A.N., ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X 1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Funnah, S.M., Department of Plant Production, University of North West, Mafikeng 2120, South Africa	Cowpea is an important grain legume as well as fodder crop, especially in the dry regions of South Africa. The production of this crop has been below average because of low genetic variation and cultivation of poor-yielding varieties which have not been improved. The potentials of cowpea F2 generation arising from crosses made from 55 exotic parental lines, introduced into South Africa were determined. F1 lines derived from the crosses were advanced to F2 lines in the glass-house, and the segregating F2 families were further evaluated in the field with their parental lines. The following data were collected from the progeny: number of pods per plant, 100 seed-weights, fodder yield, grain yield and harvest index. Results showed that F2 lines exhibited significant differences on all the parameters studied thus indicating the presence of genetic variability among the segregating progeny. Number of pods per plant, 100 seed-weight and harvest index showed higher significant differences. The F2 lines obtained a significant increase in number of pods per plant as compared to their parents, thus indicating the potentials of progeny for higher pod production. Harvest index for F2 lines varied between 0.16 and 0.60 (dual-purpose type), and are mostly medium cowpea types with dual purpose characteristics for producing grain for human consumption and fodder for livestock. These parameters should therefore receive highest priority in developing high yielding dual-purpose varieties. There are several promising F2 progenies which performed exceedingly well over the parents, so further screening is essential until their full potential is attained. © 2010 Academic Journals.	100 seed-weights; Dual-purpose; Germplasm; Harvest index; Segregating population; Vigna unguiculata	Animalia; Vigna unguiculata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908155352	Evaluation of physico-chemical properties of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivar 'Wonderful' on three locations of South Africa	Mashavhathakha K.L., Soundy P., Ngezimana W., Mudau F.N.	2014	Tropical Agriculture	91	3	None	ARC-INFRUTTEC-NIETVOORBIJ Horticulture Division, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6FL, South Africa	Mashavhathakha, K.L., ARC-INFRUTTEC-NIETVOORBIJ Horticulture Division, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Soundy, P., Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Ngezimana, W., Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6FL, South Africa; Mudau, F.N., Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6FL, South Africa	The pomegranate fruit is one of the high valued crops, but there is insufficient information regarding the fruit properties in South Africa. The aim of the study was to evaluate the physico-chemical properties of cultivar 'Wonderful' on three locations of the Western Cape. This study was conducted on mature pomegranate fruits harvested in the 2012 and 2013 seasons. Fruit weight (g), length (mm), and width (mm), peel colour and total arils weights (g) were measured. Fruits were also analyzed for total soluble solids (TSS, oBrix %), titratable acidity (TA) and juice pH. Results of the study showed that there were significant differences in all measured factors with the exception of % aril yield between the three locations. Though varied per season, fruits produced at Bonnievalle had better physical and chemical properties than at the other localities. Total soluble solids content varied from 16.0-17.3 (oBrix), pH values from 2.7-3.0, titratable acid content varied from 1.3-1.7 and maturity index from 9.7-13.4. The results clearly reveal the significance of season and location when growing 'Wonderful' in order to obtain higher yield percentage. © 2014 Trop. Agric. (Trinidad).	Chemical properties; Cultivar; Physical properties; Pomegranate	Lythraceae; Punica granatum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650195928	Effects of whey and molasses as silage additives on potato hash silage quality and growth performance of lambs	Nkosi B.D., Meeske R.	2010	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	40	3	None	ARC-LBD: Animal Production Institute, P/Bag x 2, Irene 0062, South Africa; Western Cape Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 249, George 6530, South Africa	Nkosi, B.D., ARC-LBD: Animal Production Institute, P/Bag x 2, Irene 0062, South Africa; Meeske, R., Western Cape Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 249, George 6530, South Africa	The aim of the study was to determine the effect of whey or molasses on the fermentation quality when added to potato hash silage. In addition, lamb performance, digestibility and feed intake of diets containing potato hash silage were compared with a diet containing maize silage (MSd). Potato hash silage (treated with no additive, or whey, or molasses) and MS were produced in 210 L drums for 90 days and the fermentation quality of the silages was determined thereafter. Diets were formulated and fed ad libitum to 32 South African Dorper lambs (23.5 ± 0.873 kg live weight) for 63 days. A digestibility study was conducted during the last week of the study. The untreated potato hash silage (UPHS) was poorly fermented as indicated by higher concentrations of butyric acid, ammonia-N and pH compared to the other silages. Higher dry matter intake (DMI) and daily weight gains (218 and 250 g/d) were obtained with MSd and molasses treated potato hash silage diet (MPHSd) compared to the other diets. Nutrient digestibility was lower in the UPHS diet compared to the other dietary treatments. It was concluded that the fermentation quality of potato hash was improved with the addition of whey and molasses. Furthermore, growth performance was higher with the MSd and MPHSd than of the other treatments, suggesting that MPHSd can safely replace MSd in a lamb diet at a dietary inclusion level of 20% without any adverse effect on animal performance. © South African Society for Animal Science.	Digestibility; Dry matter; Fermentation; Intake; Maize silage	Animalia; Ovis aries; Solanum tuberosum; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955032736	Effects of dietary replacement of maize grain with popcorn waste products on nutrient digestibility and performance by lambs	Nkosi B.D., Meeske R., van der Merwe H.J., Acheampong-Boateng O., Langa T.	2010	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	40	2	None	ARC-LBD: Animal Production Institute, P/Bag x2, Irene 0062, South Africa; Western Cape Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 249, George 6530, South Africa; Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Science, University of the Free State, South Africa; Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, University of Venda, South Africa	Nkosi, B.D., ARC-LBD: Animal Production Institute, P/Bag x2, Irene 0062, South Africa; Meeske, R., Western Cape Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 249, George 6530, South Africa; van der Merwe, H.J., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Science, University of the Free State, South Africa; Acheampong-Boateng, O., Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, University of Venda, South Africa; Langa, T., ARC-LBD: Animal Production Institute, P/Bag x2, Irene 0062, South Africa	A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary replacement of maize with popcorn waste (PW) on the intake, nutrient digestibility and growth performance of lambs. Diets replacing 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% maize with PW were formulated and fed ad libitum to 40 South African Mutton Merino lambs (25.0 ± 0.45 kg live-weight). The diets had similar intake and nutrient digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF). Lambs fed the 25 and 50% PW diets had higher intakes of crude protein (CP), metabolizable energy and ether extract compared to the other diets. Growth rate was highest (226 g/d) on the 25% diet and lowest (109 g/d) on the 75% PW diet. Best feed conversion ratio (FCR), of 5.1 (kg feed/kg live weight) was obtained with the 0% PW diet. Improved digestibility of CP and EE occurred in the 25 and 75% PW diets. Higher intake of nitrogen (N) and N retention were obtained in the 25 and 50% PW diets. Dietary replacement of >75% of maize resulted in poor animal performance (ADG < 150 g/d and FCR >7.00). It was concluded that PW can replace up to 50% of the maize in diets for growing lambs. © South African Society for Animal Science.	Average daily gain; By-Products; Lambs; Maize; Popcorn	Animalia; Ovis aries; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952467373	Evaluation of activated charcoal as treatment for Yellow tulp (Moraea pallida) poisoning in cattle	Snyman L.D., Schultz R.A., Botha C.J., Labuschagne L., Joubert J.P.J.	2009	Journal of the South African Veterinary Association	80	4	None	ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; 16 Hickman street, Parys, 9585, South Africa	Snyman, L.D., ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Schultz, R.A., ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Botha, C.J., Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Labuschagne, L., ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Joubert, J.P.J., ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa, 16 Hickman street, Parys, 9585, South Africa	The efficacy of activated charcoal as a treatment for cattle (n = 57) poisoned by Yellow tulp (Moraea pallida) was investigated. Treatment with activated charcoal resulted in full recovery, irrespective of the degree of posterior paresis, provided that this clinical sign did not develop within the first 12 hours after initial exposure to Yellow tulp-infested grazing. For instance, despite treatment, 1 of 7 cattle succumbed after manifesting mild posterior paresis 6 to 8 h after initial exposure and 3 of 3 treated cattle died after developing severe posterior paresis within 6 to 12 h.	Activated charcoal; Moraea pallida; Treatment; Yellow tulp poisoning	activated carbon; carbopal-gn-h; unclassified drug; cardiac glycoside; charcoal; plant toxin; animal experiment; article; cattle disease; disease severity; drug efficacy; drug treatment failure; exposure; intoxication; lethality; nonhuman; paresis; plant; yellow tulp; animal; animal disease; cattle; female; Iridaceae; male; South Africa; treatment outcome; Bos; Moraea; Animals; Cardiac Glycosides; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Charcoal; Female; Iridaceae; Male; Plant Poisoning; South Africa; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84894078678	Evaluation of three-way maize (Zea mays L) hybrids for yield and resistance to maize streak virus and turcicum leaf blight diseases	Karavina C., Mandumbu R., Mukaro R.	2014	Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences	24	1	None	Bindura University of Science Education, Department of Crop Science, Private Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Department of Research and Specialist Services, Crop Breeding Institute, P. O. Box CY550, Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe	Karavina, C., Bindura University of Science Education, Department of Crop Science, Private Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Mandumbu, R., Bindura University of Science Education, Department of Crop Science, Private Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Mukaro, R., Department of Research and Specialist Services, Crop Breeding Institute, P. O. Box CY550, Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe	Maize, a staple food crop in sub-Saharan Africa and many other parts of the world, is affected by many diseases that reduce yield. Disease management has mainly been reliant on chemical and cultural control options. However, such options are unsustainable to the smallholder resource poor farmers and environmentally unfriendly. A study carried out at the Harare Research Station evaluated eight three-way and four commercial maize hybrids for yield and resistance to Maize streak virus using controlled leaf hopper infestation and Turcicum Leaf Blight under artificial inoculation. The objectives of the study were to identify hybrids that have multiple resistance to Maize streak virus and Turcicum Leaf Blight and to determine the relationship between disease severity and yield performance of the hybrids. The experiment was laid out in a split plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design with Disease type as the main plot factor while Maize hybrids were the subplot factor. Ratings of 1 (tolerant) to 5 (susceptible) based on streaked and blighted leaf surfaces were used. The hybrid 053WH54 had multiple resistance to Turcicum Leaf Blight and Maize streak virus. The hybrids 043WH61 and 043WH07 were high-yielding even at high disease pressure while 043WH41 and 013WH03 were relatively low yielding at low disease pressure. This showed the inherent genetic diversity of the hybrids. The hybrids ZS 225, 043WH61 and 043WH07 are recommended for production in areas with high prevalence of both diseases.	Hybrid; Maize streak virus; Resistance; Severity; Turcicum Leaf Blight; Yield	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955642843	The impact on dam design of a new materials model for the early behaviour of RCC	Shaw Q.H.W.	2010	International Journal on Hydropower and Dams	17	4	None	ARQ (Pty) Ltd, PO Box 76397, Lynnwood Ridge, 0040, South Africa	Shaw, Q.H.W., ARQ (Pty) Ltd, PO Box 76397, Lynnwood Ridge, 0040, South Africa	The impact of new materials model for high strength RCC on the design of large dams is discussed through the example of Changuinola 1 dam in Panama, focusing on aspects of particular importance for arch dams. An approach combining field measurement with structural modeling to predict and demonstrate actual materials behavior is discussed. The finite element (FE) analysis confirmed that the anticipated residual tensile stresses between induced joints spaced at 20 m are minimal, peaking at only 50 microstrain for a temperature drop of the order of 20°C. The study finds that applying a uniform temperature drop of 6°C, arch action concentrated more towards the upstream side and the top of the structure, is observed. The design approach of Changuinola 1 dam requires installation of cooling pipes in the RCC above the upper gallery if shrinkage and creep are evident in the RCC.	None	Arch action; Cooling pipes; Dam design; Design approaches; Field measurement; Finite elements; High strength; Induced joints; Large dams; Materials behavior; Micro-strain; New material; Residual tensile stress; Shrinkage and creep; Structural modeling; Temperature drops; Uniform temperature; Arches; Dams; Drops; Finite element method; Design	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930402282	Evaluation of biomass yield and growth performance of alfalfa and oat cultivars in the high land of Arsi, Ethiopia	Befekadu C., Yunus A.	2015	Livestock Research for Rural Development	27	6	None	Arsi University, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 193, Asella, Ethiopia	Befekadu, C., Arsi University, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 193, Asella, Ethiopia; Yunus, A., Arsi University, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 193, Asella, Ethiopia	The major objective of this study was to investigate the effect of intercropping alfalfa with oat on growth rate, total forage dry matter yield and nitrogen yield. Alfalfa cultivars with or without oat was grown on finely prepared seed beds. The experimental seed was planted on 12 m2 plot (4 m long and 3 m wide), consisted of 10 rows with intra-row spacing of 0.3m. The plots were laid out in Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five replications per treatment. Data on biomass yield and other yield related traits was subjected to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedure for RCBD experiments using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of SAS computer software packages. The result of this experiment has shown that the total forage dry matter yield harvested from plots containing a mixture of alfalfa and oat was higher (P<0.05) than other plots containing pure stands of alfalfa and oat. The analysis also indicated that the dry matter yield per area of land was much greater for oat grown with alfalfa than oat grown without alfalfa. In this trial, the leaf to stem ratio of alfalfa and oat plant grown alone was statistically similar (P>0.05) to those grown in a mixture. The average plant height of.alfalfa and oat plant grown in separate plot was not differed (P>0.05) from those grown in a mixture on same plot under this experiment. The chemical analysis result has implied that the dry matter content of each plant (alfalfa and oat) grown in a mixture was higher than those plant grown separately. Likewise, the crude protein content of oat grown with alfalfa on the same plots was improved as compared to those oats plants grown alone in separate plots which could be achieved from the symbiotic relationship between the two plants grown in mixture. In general, the higher quality forage obtained from oat plants grown with alfalfa on the same plots, may be an important consideration for livestock producers. © 2015 Fundacion CIPAV. All rights reserved.	Crude protein; Forage yield; Growth rate; Intercropping	Avena; Medicago sativa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953415633	Impact of heavy metal contamination of Akaki river of Ethiopia on soil and metal toxicity on cultivated vegetable crops	Prabu P.C.	2009	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	8	9	None	Assistant Professor and PG Coordinator (Env.Science), Ambo University College, Ambo, Ethiopia	Prabu, P.C., Assistant Professor and PG Coordinator (Env.Science), Ambo University College, Ambo, Ethiopia	This study was conducted to assess the extent of heavy metal contamination of vegetables due to irrigation with polluted Akaki River water, Ethiopia on agricultural land. Samples of water, soil and different vegetables grown using Akaki River water have been analysed for seven heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe and Ni using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results show that the heavy metals in Akaki water were higher than the natural elemental levels in freshwater. The heavy metals content in soil was higher than vegetable samples and the reason might be due to their strong adsorptive nature in soil (vertisol). The concentration of Cr in all vegetables was more than the maximum limit. The Cd accumulation was more in leafy vegetables than other vegetables under study. Metal transfer factors from soil to vegetables were significant for Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe and Cd and accumulation of Cr and Ni was comparatively less while that of Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn is more in vegetable plants.	Akaki water; Heavy metals; Soil; Vegetables and transfer factor	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33747584147	General surgery in crisis - Factors that impact on a career in general surgery	Kahn D., Pillay S., Veller M.G., Panieri E., Westcott M.J.R.	2006	South African Journal of Surgery	44	3	None	Association of Surgeons of South Africa, Department of Surgery, Universities of Cape Town and the Witwatersrand, South Africa	Kahn, D., Association of Surgeons of South Africa, Department of Surgery, Universities of Cape Town and the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Pillay, S., Association of Surgeons of South Africa, Department of Surgery, Universities of Cape Town and the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Veller, M.G., Association of Surgeons of South Africa, Department of Surgery, Universities of Cape Town and the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Panieri, E., Association of Surgeons of South Africa, Department of Surgery, Universities of Cape Town and the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Westcott, M.J.R., Association of Surgeons of South Africa, Department of Surgery, Universities of Cape Town and the Witwatersrand, South Africa	Introduction. The Association of Surgeons of South Africa (ASSA), because of a concern about the decline in the number of applicants for registrar posts, undertook this study into the various factors that may influence the choice of surgery as career option. Methods. The study involved a combination of desk research and structured interviews with heads of departments, specialists, and registrars in general surgery. Results. The reasons for choosing general surgery as a career included the immediately visible results of a surgeon's efforts and the practical and intellectual challenge of the specialty. General surgery continued to enjoy a high status in society. The greater focus on primary health care has affected facilities at tertiary and secondary institutions. General surgeons worked excessively long hours, which was associated with increased levels of stress and placed severe strains oh family life. All respondents felt that their levels of remuneration were 'poor' in relation to other disciplines and professions. Conclusion. In this study we identified various factors that impacted either positively or negatively on the choice of general surgery as a career option.	None	article; career; decision making; general surgery; health practitioner; hospital department; human; intellect; manager; medical research; medical specialist; professional practice; social status; structured interview; surgeon; tertiary health care; Career Choice; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Emigration and Immigration; Family Practice; Humans; Interviews; Life Style; South Africa; Stress, Psychological; Students, Medical; Surgery; Training Support; Workplace	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36348985543	Evaluation of the Arkansas method of urine testing for isoniazid in South Africa	Hanifa Y., Mngadi K., Lewis J., Fielding K., Churchyard G., Grant A.D.	2007	International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease	11	11	None	Aurum Institute for Health Research, Johannesburg, South Africa; Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Aurum Institute for Health Research, 47 Main Street, Marshalltown, 2107, South Africa	Hanifa, Y., Aurum Institute for Health Research, Johannesburg, South Africa, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, Aurum Institute for Health Research, 47 Main Street, Marshalltown, 2107, South Africa; Mngadi, K., Aurum Institute for Health Research, Johannesburg, South Africa; Lewis, J., Aurum Institute for Health Research, Johannesburg, South Africa, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Fielding, K., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Churchyard, G., Aurum Institute for Health Research, Johannesburg, South Africa, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Grant, A.D., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	SETTING: A South African hospital serving gold mine employees. OBJECTIVE: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of the Arkansas method for detecting isoniazid (INH) metabolites among South African adults and to examine the effect of smoking status on positive results. DESIGN: Urine specimens were collected from in-patients taking INH as part of tuberculosis treatment at 6, 12 and 24 h after a directly observed 300 mg oral dose. As a control group, a single urine specimen was collected from surgical in-patients not taking INH. Specimens were tested for INH using a commercially available dipstick. RESULTS: A total of 153 patients on INH and 60 controis were recruited. The sensitivity of the test was 93.3% (95%CI 88.1-96.8) at 6 h post INH, 93.4% (95%CI 88.2-96.8) at 12 h and 77% (95%CI 69.1-83.7) at 24 h. The specificity of the test was 98.3% (95%CI 91.1->99.9). There was no association between smoking status and colour change of positive results. CONCLUSIONS: This test is a useful method of monitoring adherence to TB treatment or preventive therapy among South Africans. However, it is less than 100% sensitive, especially with increasing time post dose, which should be taken into consideration when interpreting results for individual patients. © 2007 The Union.	Adherence; Africa; Isoniazid; Tuberculosis	drug metabolite; isoniazid; tuberculostatic agent; adult; article; cigarette smoking; controlled study; female; human; major clinical study; male; medical assessment; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; South Africa; tuberculosis; United States; urinalysis; Adult; Antitubercular Agents; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Isoniazid; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Compliance; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking; South Africa; Tuberculosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954704762	Liquid vs. solid culture for tuberculosis: Performance and cost in a resource-constrained setting	Chihota V.N., Grant A.D., Fielding K., Ndibongo B., Van Zyl A., Muirhead D., Churchyard G.J.	2010	International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease	14	8	None	Aurum Institute for Health Research, Private Bag X 30500, Houghton, Johannesburg, 2041, South Africa; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Chihota, V.N., Aurum Institute for Health Research, Private Bag X 30500, Houghton, Johannesburg, 2041, South Africa; Grant, A.D., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Fielding, K., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Ndibongo, B., Aurum Institute for Health Research, Private Bag X 30500, Houghton, Johannesburg, 2041, South Africa; Van Zyl, A., Aurum Institute for Health Research, Private Bag X 30500, Houghton, Johannesburg, 2041, South Africa; Muirhead, D., Aurum Institute for Health Research, Private Bag X 30500, Houghton, Johannesburg, 2041, South Africa, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Churchyard, G.J., Aurum Institute for Health Research, Private Bag X 30500, Houghton, Johannesburg, 2041, South Africa, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	SETTING: National Health Laboratory Services tuberculosis (TB) laboratory, South Africa. OBJECTIVES: To compare Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) with Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium with regard to Mycobacterium tuberculosis yield, time to positive culture and contamination, and to assess MGIT cost-effectiveness. DESIGN: Sputum from gold miners was cultured on MGIT and LJ. We estimated cost per culture, and, for smear-negative samples, incremental cost per additional M. tuberculosis gained with MGIT using a decision-tree model. RESULTS: Among 1267 specimens, MGIT vs. LJ gave a higher yield of mycobacteria (29.7% vs. 22.8%), higher contamination (16.7% vs. 9.3%) and shorter time to positive culture (median 14 vs. 25 days for smear-negative specimens). Among smear-negative samples that were culture-positive on MGIT but negative/contaminated on LJ, 77.3% were non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Cost per culture on LJ, MGIT and MGIT+LJ was respectively US$12.35, US$16.62 and US$19.29. The incremental cost per additional M. tuberculosis identified by standard biochemical tests and microscopic cording was respectively US$504.08 and US$328.10 using MGIT vs. LJ, or US$160.80 and US$109.07 using MGIT+LJ vs. LJ alone. CONCLUSION: MGIT gives higher yield and faster results at relatively high cost. The high proportion of NTM underscores the need for rapid speciation tests. Minimising contaminated cultures is key to cost-effectiveness. © 2010 The Union.	Anti-MPB64 assay; LJ medium; MGIT; Microscopic cording; Mycobacterium tuberculosis	adult; aged; article; bacterium culture; bacterium identification; cost effectiveness analysis; decision tree; female; human; major clinical study; male; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; priority journal; South Africa; sputum culture; comparative study; cost; culture medium; economics; follow up; growth, development and aging; isolation and purification; microbiological examination; microbiology; middle aged; Mycobacterium fortuitum; prevalence; reproducibility; retrospective study; sputum; standards; tuberculosis; young adult; Adult; Aged; Bacteriological Techniques; Costs and Cost Analysis; Culture Media; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium fortuitum; Prevalence; Reproducibility of Results; Retrospective Studies; South Africa; Sputum; Tuberculosis; Young Adult; culture medium; Adult; Aged; Bacteriological Techniques; Costs and Cost Analysis; Culture Media; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium fortuitum; Prevalence; Reproducibility of Results; Retrospective Studies; South Africa; Sputum; Tuberculosis; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-28244493000	Tidal impact on breeding African Black Oystercatchers on Robben Island, Western Cape, South Africa	Calf K.M., Underhill L.G.	2005	Ostrich	76	42433	None	Avian Demography Unit, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; School of Biology, University of Leeds, LC Miall Building, Clarendon Way, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom	Calf, K.M., Avian Demography Unit, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, School of Biology, University of Leeds, LC Miall Building, Clarendon Way, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; Underhill, L.G., Avian Demography Unit, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	Haematopus bachmani	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548588355	Diets containing Escherichia coli-derived phytase on young chickens and turkeys: Effects on performance, metabolizable energy, endogenous secretions, and intestinal morphology	Pirgozliev V., Oduguwa O., Acamovic T., Bedford M.R.	2007	Poultry Science	86	4	None	Avian Science Research Centre, Scottish Agricultural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom; Syngenta Animal Nutrition Inc., Chestnut House, Marlborough, Wiltshire SN8 1QJ, United Kingdom; University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeo	Pirgozliev, V., Avian Science Research Centre, Scottish Agricultural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom; Oduguwa, O., Avian Science Research Centre, Scottish Agricultural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Acamovic, T., Avian Science Research Centre, Scottish Agricultural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom; Bedford, M.R., Syngenta Animal Nutrition Inc., Chestnut House, Marlborough, Wiltshire SN8 1QJ, United Kingdom	The aim of this experiment was to compare the responses of young broiler chickens directly with the responses of turkeys to different dietary phytase concentrations. Nine hundred sixty birds (480 female Ross 308 broilers, and 480 female BUT6 turkeys) were reared in 64 floor pens from 0 to 21 d of age. Each species was fed a nutritionally complete (12.79 MJ/kg of AME, 231 g/kg of CP vs. 11.75 MJ/kg of AME, 285 g/kg of CP for chickens and turkeys, respectively), low-P (28 and 37 g/kg available P for chickens and turkeys, respectively) corn (maize)-soy feed supplemented with either 0, 250, 500, or 2,500 phytase units (phytase/kg of feed) to give a total of 4 diets per species. The study was conducted in a split-plot design and each dietary treatment was replicated 8 times. Performance, AME, sialic acid (SA) excretions, and ileal villus morphology of 21-d-old broiler chickens and turkeys were determined. Overall, chickens grew faster and consumed more than turkeys throughout the study period. Dietary enzyme concentrations linearly increased the feed intake and weight gain of birds. The results were improved, on average, as follows: feed intake by 11.2 and 6.5%, gain by 10.2 and 13.2%, feed efficiency by 0 and 7.6%, AME by 1.4 and 5.7%, and AME intake by 13.1 and 9.8% for chickens and turkeys, respectively. The AME data were subject to a species x phytase interaction, whereby increasing the phytase dosage led to significant increments in parameters for turkeys but not broilers; broilers recovered significantly more energy from the ration than did turkeys. A quadratic relationship existed between dietary AME and phytase concentrations. Turkeys excreted more SA than did chickens in the absence of phytase, whereas supplementation with phytase (250 and 500 phytase units) reduced the excretion of SA in turkeys. Enzyme supplementation did not affect the ileal villus morphometry of the 2 species. We concluded that both species can tolerate phytase concentrations much higher than 1,000 phytase units and that these concentrations have further beneficial effects compared with lower phytase concentrations. The work reported here supports the hypothesis that supplementing turkey diets with phytase will need to be considered independently of chicken diets, considering the components in the diets, such that optimal responses can be obtained. ©2007 Poultry Science Association Inc.	Chicken; Endogenous excretion; Performance; Phytase; Turkey	Aves; Escherichia coli; Gallus gallus; Meleagris gallopavo; Zea mays; phytase; animal; animal food; animal husbandry; article; caloric intake; chicken; digestion; drug effect; energy metabolism; enzymology; Escherichia coli; intestine; physiology; poultry; turkey (bird); weight gain; 6-Phytase; Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Chickens; Digestion; Energy Intake; Energy Metabolism; Escherichia coli; Intestines; Poultry; Turkeys; Weight Gain	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900417099	Thermal performance considerations for intelligent video	Alves R.	2014	EngineerIT	None	APRIL	None	Axis Communications, South Africa	Alves, R., Axis Communications, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938718507	Influence of business information use on sales performance of SMEs in Lagos State	Ojo A., Akinsunmi S., Olayonu O.	2015	Library Philosophy and Practice	2015	1	None	Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria	Ojo, A., Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria; Akinsunmi, S., Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria; Olayonu, O., Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria	Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) are crucial drivers of every nation's economy. However, reports suggest SMEs in Nigeria have not performed creditably well in terms of sales. Hence, they are yet to contribute to a large extent to the economic growth and development of the country. Considering that business information is an indispensable resource in overall business performance, one is forced to question the availability and utilisation of business information by SME owners. This study examines the influence of business information use on the sales performance of SMEs in the information technology sector in Lagos State. Employing a survey research design, the study population comprised of 575 Computer and Allied Product Dealers Association of Nigeria (CAPDAN) registered SMEs in Computer Village of Lagos State. The stratified sampling technique was used to survey the responses of 181 SME owners who served as respondents in this study. A selfdeveloped questionnaire was used as the instrument of data collection. Frequency distribution, simple percentages, and regression analysis were used for data analysis. Findings revealed that SMEs obtained most of the information they use from newspapers and informal sources. Also revealed was that business information utilisation influences sales performance of SMEs (R = 0.36, R Square = .212, F<inf>1,161</inf> = 94.18, p < 0.05). The study concludes that business information use for SMEs sales performance is inevitable. However, use is predicated on availability. It is recommended that agencies in charge of SMEs in Nigeria should put more effort in ensuring formal information sources are made available to SME owners.	Business information; Information availability; Information use; Sales performance; SMEs	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958810394	Empirical analysis of impact of capital market development on Nigeria's economic growth (1981-2008) (case study: Nigerian stock exchange)	Obiakor R.T., Okwu A.T.	2011	DLSU Business and Economics Review	20	2	None	Babcock University, Nigeria	Obiakor, R.T., Babcock University, Nigeria; Okwu, A.T., Babcock University, Nigeria	This study empirically examined the impact of capital market development on economic growth in Nigeria for the period 1981-2008. The major tool we employed for empirical analysis is a multiple regression analysis model specified on the basis of hypothesized functional relationship between capital market development and economic growth. For capital market development indicators, we considered ratios of value of shares traded, market capitalization, gross capital formation and foreign private investment, to gross domestic product, as explanatory variables, while we used growth rate of gross domestic product as the dependent variable. We introduced an error correction term to capture the flexibility in adjustment to long-run equilibrium. We estimated the model via the ordinary least squares (OLS) techniques. Further, we evaluated the model using relevant statistics. The results showed that while market capitalization, gross capital formation, and foreign private investment individually exerted statistically significant impact on growth of the economy, value of shares traded exerted positive but statistically insignificant impact during the review period. However, the variables jointly exerted statistically significant impact on growth of the economy. In addition, the model exhibited a very high explanatory power and high flexibility in adjustment to long-run equilibrium. The variables time series were stationary at second difference, showed existence of long-run relationship between the two sets of variables, and exhibited stability for the study period. Based on the findings, the study recommended, among others, sustainable development of the capital market to enhance faster rates of capital accumulation for greater productivity gains and economic growth as well as the need to complement market development with real sector macroeconomic policy thrust like significant reduction in lending rates to stimulate investment and manufacturing activities in the real sector and translate capital market gains to real sector output growth. © 2011 De La Salle University, Philippines.	Capital market; Development; Economic growth	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855438985	On-farm evaluation and demonstration of different types of hay press	Teffera A., Tekeste S., Denekew Y.	2012	Livestock Research for Rural Development	24	1	None	Bahir Dar Agricultural Mechanization and Food Science Research Center, P.O. Box 133, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Andassa Livestock Research Center, P.O. Box: 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia	Teffera, A., Bahir Dar Agricultural Mechanization and Food Science Research Center, P.O. Box 133, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Tekeste, S., Bahir Dar Agricultural Mechanization and Food Science Research Center, P.O. Box 133, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Denekew, Y., Andassa Livestock Research Center, P.O. Box: 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia	Hay is the oldest and most important conserved fodder. The aim of haymaking is to store feed for later on-farm use. Traditional haymaking practice in Ethiopia has many problems. Delayed or early harvesting, improper handling system during harvesting, transportation, and storage stages are identified as main causes of feed loss. This project is, therefore, intended to evaluate and demonstrate manual hay presses so as to assist users in haymaking and baling practice. Two hay press models, vertical and horizontal hay presses, were manufactured and after preliminary test, practical on field test was conducted at two sites. Besides, discussions were made with farmers and their opinions were recorded. The test result has shown that, the average pressing rate, bale density, and baling time of vertical hay press was 45.2 kg h-1, 86.5 kg m -3 and 14.1 min per piece. Likewise, similar parameters of the horizontal type were 36.9 kg hr-1, 72.3 kg m -3 and 17.4 min per piece, respectively. It was observed that most of the respondent farmers preferred vertical type press due to its lower energy requirement and better output. Therefore, the vertical hay press model is recommended for further promotion.	Animal feed; Hay making; Mechanical hay press	Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888858013	Evaluation and demonstration of direct solar potato dryer	Tefera A., Endalew W., Fikiru B.	2013	Livestock Research for Rural Development	25	12	None	Bahir Dar Agricultural Mechanization and Food Science Research Centre, P.O. Box 133, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Food, Medicine and Health Care Administration and Control Authority of Ethiopia, P.O. Box 5681, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Tefera, A., Bahir Dar Agricultural Mechanization and Food Science Research Centre, P.O. Box 133, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Endalew, W., Bahir Dar Agricultural Mechanization and Food Science Research Centre, P.O. Box 133, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Fikiru, B., Food, Medicine and Health Care Administration and Control Authority of Ethiopia, P.O. Box 5681, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of two models of direct solar potato dryers and to demonstrate to farmers around potato producing areas, in Amhara Regional State. Wooden box dryer and Pyramid shape dryer models were evaluated. Dryers were compared with open sun drying methods. Temperature, relative humidity as well as the rate of moisture removal as expressed by loss-in-weight were recorded and analyzed. Results showed that on the average there was a 10-20 °C temperature difference between ambient condition and the drying chambers. Besides, the weight of sliced potato which was initially 0.90 kg was reduced to about 0.19 kg within two days. This showed an overall reduction in drying time by 2-3 hours compared to open sun drying. This result, however, was not perceived to be large enough under existing testing condition. But considering other benefits of the driers like protecting the drying material against contaminants, dust, and insects resulting in better quality product, this result is acceptable. On the other hand, comparing the performances of the two driers, Pyramid dryer was found better in creating more conducive drying environment with optimal temperature and lower relative humidity. Moreover, considering manufacturing costs, simplicity in design to manufacture in rural area from almost any kind of available building materials by locally available workmen, Pyramid dryer is better than Box dryer. Demonstration and practical training on the use of solar dryers and methods of food preparation out of the dried potato slices was provided for a group of farmers. Participant farmers actively participated in the potato menu preparation and informal sensory evaluation. They have showed high interest in diversified potato utilization as it enhances their feeding habits. This dryer was found suitable for drying small quantities (10-15 kg) of agricultural products which suits best for household level. Therefore, Pyramid (pyramid shape) dryer models should be recommended for further promotion.	Dried potato; Dryer model; Farmers; Potato processing	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940703988	Evaluation of genetic parameters and growth traits of Hungarian Simmental cattle breed	Kebede D., Komlosi I.	2015	Livestock Research for Rural Development	27	9	None	Bahir Dar University College, Agriculture and Environmental Science, P.O. Box: 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Debrecen University, P.O. Box: 36, Debrecen, Hungary	Kebede, D., Bahir Dar University College, Agriculture and Environmental Science, P.O. Box: 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Komlosi, I., Debrecen University, P.O. Box: 36, Debrecen, Hungary	A study was undertaken in Hungary with the objectives to evaluate Hungarian Simmental cattle growth traits and estimate genetic parameters. Calving ease, birth weight, weaning weight, weaning age, 205-day weight and average daily gain of Hungarian Simmental calves (n=6552, bulls=1479 , heifers=5073) were evaluated. The effects included in the model for the analysis of growth traits were sex (2 classes), birth year (13 classes), birth month (12 classes) and farm (8 classes). R software program was used to calculate variance analysis and least square means; PEST software was used for data file and pedigree file coding and VCE6 software was used for calculating heritablities and correlations. Sex, year, month and farm significantly influenced CE, BW, WW, WA, 205W and ADG (P<0.001). Birth month and sex of the calf significantly (p<0.05) influenced CE, BW, 205W and ADG. The estimated heritablities of WW, BW, ADG and 205W were 0.26, 0.16, 0.31 and 0.25, respectively. Genetic correlation among weaning weight, birth weight, average daily gain and 205-day weight were positive but with calving ease was negative. Weaning weight had strong genetic correlation with average daily gain (r=0.98). Calving ease also had negative genetic correlation with 205-day weight (r=-0.02). The phenotypic correlation of average daily gain and 205-day weight was strong (0.79). © 2015 Fundacion CIPAV. All rights reserved.	Genetic correlation; Phenotypic correlation; Programmes and assessment	None	None
WoS	WOS:000284282200007	Impact of occupational health and safety on worker productivity: A case of Zimbabwe food industry	Gadzirayi, C. T.,Katsuro, P.,Mupararano, Suzanna,Taruwona, M.	2010	AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT	4	13	None	Bindura Univ Sci Educ	None	This research sought to assess the impact of occupational health safety ( OHS) on productivity in the commercial food industry. The objective of the study was to explore OHS problems of different work areas and their impact on productivity. The research targeted production supervisors, shop floor employees and industrial clinic nurses. Questionnaires, interviews and observations were used as research instruments to collect data. The study found out that OHS related problems negatively affect workers' productive capacity in the food industry resulting in reduced worker output. Workers develop a negative attitude and low morale towards work. High incidents of accidents at work also occur. The study recommends that food industry factories should upgrade their OHS through training programmes and use up-to-date equipment.	"Food factory","OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH",productivity.,SAFETY	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879584016	Enhancing self-regulated learning in teaching spoken communication: Does it affect speaking efficacy and performance?	Aregu B.B.	2013	Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching	10	1	None	Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia	Aregu, B.B., Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia	The study examines the effects of enhancing self-regulated learning in the teaching of spoken communication on speaking efficacy and performances among second year students attending spoken and written communication lessons in the College of Business and Economics of Bahir Dar University. In this study, two sections consisting of 91 participants were included. To gather data, scales, tests, and diaries were used. Descriptive statistics, paired t-test, independent samples t-test, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were applied to analyze the quantitative data. On the other hand, the qualitative data were analysed using such steps as looking for themes and coding, categorizing codes of similar content, and writing summary and interpretation. The outputs of the ANCOVA show that 56% of the variance in speaking performance and 39% of the variance in speaking efficacy are accounted for by the self-regulated learning intervention controlling for initial differences. The qualitative analysis also indicated that the experimental group improved its speaking efficacy and performances. Overall, the results reveal that the experimental group surpasses the control group in both speaking efficacy and performances. The results imply that attention needs to be paid to the enhancement of self-regulated learning in the process of teaching spoken communication. © Centre for Language Studies National University of Singapore.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-37349029400	Environmental influences on pre-weaning growth performances and mortality rates of extensively managed Somali goats in Eastern Ethiopia	Zeleke Z.M.	2007	Livestock Research for Rural Development	19	12	None	Bahir Dar University, PO Box 1866, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia	Zeleke, Z.M., Bahir Dar University, PO Box 1866, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia	Records of 326 Somali goats born from 1994 to 2004 in eastern Ethiopia were used to assess effects of major environmental factors on growth and survival traits. Year of birth had significant effect (P<0.01) on birth weight, pre-weaning daily weight gain and weaning weight of kids. Male kids had higher (P<0.01) birth weight (3.35±0.18kg vs. 3.04±0.18kg), pre-weaning daily weight gain (61.60±7.06g vs. 55.87±7.15g) and weaning weight (12.27±0.89kg vs. 11.10±0.91kg) than female kids. Kids born from fifth parity dams had the least birth weight (2.98±0.23kg) and the highest pre-weaning mortality rate (33.33%) than those born from dams younger than fifth parity. Similarly, single born kids had heavier birth weight (3.17±0.06kg vs. 2.30± 0.20kg), higher pre-weaning daily weight gain (55.80±2.22g vs. 47.31±7.92g), higher weaning weight (11.47±0.28kg vs. 9.50±1.00kg) and less pre-weaning mortality rate (8.78 vs. 42.86%) than twin born kids. Similarly, mortality rate was found to be the highest (75%) in kids weighing <1.5kg. Improving feeding management for pregnant and lactating dams to assure moderate birth weight and adequate quantity of milk for twin born kids, and stringent culling practice of dams beyond fourth parity can be suggested to improve the productivity of Somali goats.	Birth type; Birth weight; Parity; Season; Sex; Weaning weight	Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051509837	Comparative reproductive performance of Horro (Zebu) with Horro x Friesian and Horro x Jersey females in sub humid environments of Bako	Kebede G., Kebede M., Midexa T., Eshetu S.	2011	Livestock Research for Rural Development	23	8	None	Bako Agricultural Research Center, P. O.Box 3, Bako, Ethiopia	Kebede, G., Bako Agricultural Research Center, P. O.Box 3, Bako, Ethiopia; Kebede, M., Bako Agricultural Research Center, P. O.Box 3, Bako, Ethiopia; Midexa, T., Bako Agricultural Research Center, P. O.Box 3, Bako, Ethiopia; Eshetu, S., Bako Agricultural Research Center, P. O.Box 3, Bako, Ethiopia	Reproductive traits of Horro and their crosses with Friesian and Jersey females were compared. Two thousand nine hundred thirty three, 282 and 280 data of Horro, Horro-Friesian and Horro-Jersey cows; 1804 and 1691 data for dry and wet seasons; 1716 and 1755 data of breeding by bull and artificial insemination respectively were used in the study. Horro cows had mean intervals from calving to first heat of 72.4 days (range 15-253) and from calving to conception 119.2 days (range 57-317). Similarly Horro x Friesian cows had mean intervals from calving to first heat of 77.8 days (range 17-247) and from calving to conception 123 days (range 66-277). Horro X Jersey cows had mean intervals from calving to first heat of 66.3 days (range 16-216) and from calving to conception 108.6 days (range 43-285). No significant differences were found between the breeds in the number of services per conception, gestation length and days to conception. However Horro X Jersey crosses had the shortest interval to first heat and days open and required less number of services per conception than the other breeds. Calving to first service interval did not vary among breeds. The influence of season of calving on the number of services per conception and days open was significant (p<0.05). Significant differences (p<0.05) were also found between the two breeding types, artificial insemination and bull, in the number of services per conception. The number of services per conception for cows served by bull and artificial insemination were 1.76 and 2.09 respectively.	Crossbred cows; Reproductive traits; Zebu cows	Bos indicus; Friesia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873350859	Statistical analysis of the performance of microfinance institutions: The Ethiopian case	Anduanbessa T.	2009	Savings and Development	33	2	None	Bank of Abyssinia S.C., Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Anduanbessa, T., Bank of Abyssinia S.C., Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Nowadays governments and many development agents pay great attention to the development of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) with the belief that they are able to alleviate poverty in a very shot time. This paper tried to give statistical insight in measuring the performance of MFIs in Ethiopia and the determinants of their performance. A cross-sectional data from 2006 fiscal calendar balance sheet of 26 MFIs in the country is used to carry out the study. Factor analysis (FA) of performance indicators revealed that the deposit mobilized from clients, the number of active borrowers, and the gross loan portfolio load high on one component, establishing the outreach performance dimension of the MFIs in the country. On the other hand, profit margin, OSS, return on asset and gross loan portfolio-to-total asset ratio load high on the other component, establishing the financial sustainability dimension. In order to identify the determinants of the performance of the MFIs, a seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) model was fitted on the outreach and sustainability dimension scores synthesized by FA. The number/ types of financial services rendered, the number of staff per branch and their capital are found to determine the outreach performance of the MFIs in the country. It was also noted that capital has an adverse impact on the outreach efforts of the MFIs. Moreover, the financial viability of the MFIs is found to be highly determined by the average amount of loans disbursed to individuals, the financial revenue ratio and the cost per borrower ratio.	Factor analysis (FA); Microfinance Institutions (MFIs); Outreach; Seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) model; Sustainability	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897143998	The impact of financial structure on profitability of firms: A cross-sectional industry analysis of Nigerian quoted firms	Ekumankama O.O.	2011	Corporate Ownership and Control	9	1 E	None	Banking and Finance Department, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, African Institute of Applied Economics, Nigeria	Ekumankama, O.O., Banking and Finance Department, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, African Institute of Applied Economics, Nigeria	This study empirically examines the impact of financial structure decision on the profitability of Nigerian quoted firms. Cross-sectional time series data of 72 Nigerian quoted firms were collated and analysed. Two hypotheses were proposed for the study, while the ordinary least square (OLS), fixed effects (FE) and the gerneralised least square (GLS) regression were used on pooled and panel data to estimate the relationship between financial leverage and the different measures of profitability in Nigeria quoted firms. In determining the extent of the influence of leverage on the dependent variables, most of the industrial groups showed evidence of sizable positive influence of leverage on profitability and earnings yield. This was significant and robust with all the measures of leverage.	Cross-sectional analysis; Finance; Listed firms; Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864568925	Perceptions of Threat Risk Frequency and Impact on Construction Projects in Ghana: Opinion survey findings	Chileshe N., Boadua A., Yirenkyi-Fianko	2011	Journal of Construction in Developing Countries	16	2	None	Barbara Hardy Institute (BHI), School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIPMA), Achimota, Accra, Ghana	Chileshe, N., Barbara Hardy Institute (BHI), School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Boadua, A., Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIPMA), Achimota, Accra, Ghana; Yirenkyi-Fianko, Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIPMA), Achimota, Accra, Ghana	Threat risks are experienced by all stakeholders in a construction project. Although the nature of these risks is understood, less is known about their likelihood of occurrence and potential impact. This study explored these elements of risk by using an opinion survey approach to collect data from 103 professionals (clients, consultants and contractors) in the Ghanaian construction industry. Significant differences were found between the perceptions of these sub-groups regarding the likelihood of occurrence of threat risks in five categories: construction method; price inflation; exceptional weather; ground conditions and site contamination; and poor communication among the project team. The contractors rated 'construction methods' higher than did the clients, and they also rated 'exceptional weather' higher than either the clients or the consultants. On the other hand, consultants rated 'price inflation' higher than the clients. Significant differences between the sub-groups were also found regarding the potential impact of the threat risk of price fluctuation. The consultants rated the 'price fluctuation' threat risk higher than either the contractors or the clients. These findings suggest that despite the existence of remedial strategies to protect some of the stakeholders from these risks, there is a fear of being blacklisted, thus compromising future opportunities (especially among contractors) should legal action be taken to redress the identified problems (such as such delayed payments). The following implications are drawn: One of the suggested recourses is the introduction of bespoke rather than standard contracts, as these might introduce contract flaws and contribute towards helping the project stakeholders monitor these potential risks and take appropriate action. © Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2011.	Construction industry; Ghana; Opinion survey; Project risk factors	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-73949140661	Impact of silica on hydrometallurgical and mechanical properties of RIP grade resins for uranium recovery	Yahorava V., Scheepers J., Kotze M.H., Auerswald D.	2009	Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy	109	10	None	Bateman Engineering, South Africa	Yahorava, V.; Scheepers, J.; Kotze, M.H.; Auerswald, D., Bateman Engineering, South Africa	Resin-in-pulp (RIP) technology has recently often been considered for the direct recovery of base metals and uranium from dense pulps. Implementation of RIP will eliminate the requirement for any solid-liquid separation downstream of leaching and has the potential to combine the recovery and purification steps, hence reducing both capital and operating costs. The recovery of the valuable metal is expected to be higher when RIP is used, especially where the leached solids are difficult to settle or filter, and to wash. The main concerns about the use of RIP for uranium recovery from dense pulps are the impact of silica on the resin's metallurgical performance and the operating costs that would be associated with resin loss. Although a number of resin manufacturers have been developing much improved RIP-grade resins, it is critical that the most cost-effective resin be selected. Mintek currently is doing a significant amount of work on silica fouling of RIP-grade strongbase resins in acidic leach liquors and the effect it has on the performance of the resin, including its durability. This paper describes the results of the test work done on silica fouling and its impact on plant design input data. Resin durability test work was done using various laboratory techniques, but durability was also evaluated on a relatively large scale using actual pumps, screens, and mechanical agitation. Based on the results generated, a preliminary economical evaluation was done to estimate the impact of resin loss on the overall economic viability of a specific application. Keywords: resin-in-pulp, silica fouling, resin loss, equilibrium, kinetics, elution, durability, mechanical strength, resistance to attrition. © The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2009.	None	Base metals; Capital and operating costs; Durability test; Economic viability; Economical evaluation; Laboratory techniques; Leach liquors; Mechanical agitation; Mechanical strength; Metallurgical performance; Plant designs; Solid-liquid separation; Cost reduction; Durability; Leaching; Mechanical properties; Metal refining; Operating costs; Resins; Silica; Transuranium elements; Uranium; Metal recovery	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76049129409	Impact of sediment characteristics on the macrobenthic invertebrates community of a perturbed tropical lagoon	Uwadiae R.E., Edokpayi C.A., Adegbite O., Ablmbola O.	2009	Ecology, Environment and Conservation	15	3	None	Benthic Ecology Unit, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria	Uwadiae, R.E., Benthic Ecology Unit, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria; Edokpayi, C.A., Benthic Ecology Unit, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria; Adegbite, O., Benthic Ecology Unit, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria; Ablmbola, O., Benthic Ecology Unit, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria	The physico-chemical characteristics of the sediments and the benthic macrfauna of Epe lagoon, in south-western Nigeria were investigated between September, 2004 and February, 2005. The sediment parameters studied were grain size, total organic content (TOC), pH, conductivity, nitrate, phosphate, sulphate and heavy metals (zinc and copper). A range of 65.8-92.8% for sand, 7.8-29.4% for mud, 2.05-98.5% for TOC, 7.2-8.0 for pH, 3.81-44.27mg/kg for zinc, 0.32-5.81mg/kg for copper, 0.10-0.19mg/kg for sulphate, 1.12-1.38mg/kg for nitrate, and 0.22-0.35mg/kg for phosphate were recorded during the study period. Sediment types were predominantly sand intermixed with varied proportions of mud. There was significant difference (ANOVA, P<0.05) in all the parameters investigated at the study stations except for phosphate and nitrate. A total of 2,673 individuals belonging to three phyla (Annelida, Arthropoda and mollusca) were encountered in this study. The molluscs dominated both in the number of individuals and species. The benthic macroinvertebrates abundance and diversity were low. The impact of sediment characteristics on the distribution, abundance and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates in the study area is discussed. Copyright © Enviromedia.	Coastal water; Macrobenthic invertebrates; Sediment characteristics; South-western Nigeria	coastal lagoon; inorganic compound; macrobenthos; macroinvertebrate; mollusc; parameterization; perturbation; physicochemical property; population density; population distribution; rationalization; sediment property; Epe Lagoon; Lagos [Nigeria]; Nigeria; Annelida; Arthropoda; Invertebrata; Mollusca	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902346930	Feed intake and growth performance of indigenous chicks fed diets with Moringa oleifera leaf meal as a protein supplement during early brooding stage	Gadzirayi C.T., Mupangwa J.F.	2014	International Journal of Poultry Science	13	3	None	Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice Campus, Alice-5700, South Africa	Gadzirayi, C.T., Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Mupangwa, J.F., Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice Campus, Alice-5700, South Africa	The high cost of conventional feed ingredients in poultry diets has necessitated the investigation into unconventional readily available feedstuffs. The study was designed to investigate the effects of feeding different levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) on feed intake and growth performance of indigenous chicks. Eighty four unsexed indigenous chicks were assigned to four treatment diets, with each treatment being replicated three times. The dietary treatments were as follows; control diet (T1) without MOLM and diets containing MOLM were at the rate of 5% (T2), 10% (T3) and 15% (T4) to supplement the CP of the control diet. Chicks fed on 0% MOLM had a higher average weekly feed intake than the other three treatments (T2, T3 and T4). The highest weight gain was experienced between weeks 4 to 6 except for treatment 3 that had its peak weight gain on week 5. FCR was similar for all dietary treatments. Weekly live bird weight (WLBW) advantage of chicks fed 0% MOLM diet was maintained followed by those fed diet containing 5% MOLM. The chicks on 10 and 15% MOLM diet recorded similar, but significantly (p&lt;0.05) lower WLBW from the 5 to 8th week than chicks on 0-5% MOLM. The study recommended MOLM inclusion levels of 5% in chicken diets during early brooding stage. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2014.	Brooding; Feed intake; Growth rate; Indigenous chicks; Moringa oleifera	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864068695	Leaf herbivore preference in a tropical mangrove forest impacted by human physical disturbance	Kihia C.M., Mathooko J.M., Ruwa R.K., Shivoga W.A.	2012	International Journal of Ecology and Development	22	2	None	Biological Science Dept, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton, Kenya; Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 81651, Mombasa, Kenya; Environmental Science Dept, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton, Kenya	Kihia, C.M., Biological Science Dept, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton, Kenya; Mathooko, J.M., Biological Science Dept, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton, Kenya; Ruwa, R.K., Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 81651, Mombasa, Kenya; Shivoga, W.A., Environmental Science Dept, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton, Kenya	The consumption of mangrove leaves prior to litterfall has received scant attention by most researchers in the Western Indian Ocean region. The impact of human disturbance on herbivory is also poorly understood. This study compared rates of leaf attack among mangrove species at four sites with differing levels of human disturbance. Leaf specimens used for determination of herbivory were obtained from littertraps at the sites. The number of leaves with evidence of herbivore attack and area of leaf consumed were determined and compared. Disturbed sites had greater evidence of human activity such as tree cutting, roads and collection of bait. 34% of leaves examined were attacked by herbivores, with Rhizophora mucronata being most attacked (38%). However, Avicennia marina leaves which had lower attack, lost most leaf area to herbivores (12% of leaf area). Disturbed sites had lower rates of leaf attack but higher leaf area losses, especially at the disturbed sites. Rhizophora mucronata attack intensity decreased by over 50% at disturbed sites. Human physical disturbance is selective for mangrove flora and fauna and may change predominance of host tree preferred by the herbivores leading to lower rates of herbivory. © 2012 IJED (CESER Publications).	Attack intensity; Leaf area loss; Species; Tree cutting	Avicennia; Avicennia marina; Rhizophora mucronata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949555720	Relationships between physical and biomechanical parameters and golf drive performance: A field-based study	Green A., Dafkin C., Kerr S., McKinon W.	2015	South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation	37	3	None	Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa	Green, A., Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa; Dafkin, C., Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa; Kerr, S., Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa; McKinon, W., Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa	A proficient golf swing is composed of a sequence of highly complex biomechanical movements and requires precisely timed and coordinated body movements to achieve great distance and accuracy. The aim of the current study was to identify the key physiological and biomechanical variables that relate to golf drive performance. Eighteen golfers (handicap 11±6 strokes, playing experience 18±15 years), volunteered to take part in the study. Drive distance and accuracy were measured directly. Balance was assessed using a modified stork test and hand-eye coordination was assessed using a 3D maze. Average balance duration of both legs (r= 0.563; p=0.015), left leg (r= 0.620; p=0.006) and right leg (r= 0.488; p=0.044) were all significantly correlated to drive distance. Hand-eye coordination was significantly negatively correlated to total drive distance (r=-0.600 p=0.008), but was not associated significantly with the centre of hit between the clubface and ball. Several parameters were found to have significant relationships to golf drive distance in a group of amateur golfers. Therefore, training regimes could include tasks that aim to improve hand-eye coordination and balance. © 2015, University of Stellenbosch. All rights reserved.	Balance; Biomechanics; Co-ordination; Golf; Performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84959542660	Drive performance for able-bodied and disabled golfers	Kenny I.C., Campbell M.J., Surmon S., Bressan L.	2015	International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching	10	4	None	Biomechanics Research Unit, University of Limerick, Ireland; Centre for Human Performance Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa	Kenny, I.C., Biomechanics Research Unit, University of Limerick, Ireland; Campbell, M.J., Biomechanics Research Unit, University of Limerick, Ireland; Surmon, S., Centre for Human Performance Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Bressan, L., Centre for Human Performance Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa	Golf is a popular leisure and competitive activity for individuals with disabilities. The current golf handicap system does not take into account the possible challenges of playing golf with any form of physical disability. The aim of this study was to examine golf driving performance measures, comparing golfers with various types of physical disabilities to able-bodied golfers. Through drive shot ball launch analysis, this study compared amputees (single leg, below and above knee), deaf, visually impaired, polio, Les Autres and arthrogryposis golfers to able-bodied golfers with similar golf handicaps. Twenty-seven able-bodied (handicap category 3, 12.4 ± 7.0) and 15 disabled (handicap category 3, 18.2 ± 9.2) hit 10 drives each. Able-bodied golfers presented longer but less accurate drives (208.1 m carry, 4.6 m lateral deviation), and concomitant higher club head and ball velocity than disabled golfers (157.6 m carry, 6.O m lateral deviation) [p<O.OO1]. The apparent difference in outcome performance cannot be fully accounted for by the small difference in golf handicap score, thus disabled golfers appear to be penalised/disadvantaged by the current golf handicap classification rules.	Amputee; Arthrogryposis; Deaf; Disabled golf; Golf shot performance analysis; Lés Autres; Post-polio syndrome	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67650004009	Getting that grant: How to convince an evaluation panel that your proposal is worthy of funding	Smith G.F., Figueiredo E., Pennington T., Davila P.	2009	Taxon	58	2	None	Biosystematics and Biodiversity Collections and Chief Financial Officer, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X101, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; H.G.W.J. Schweickerdt Herbarium, Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 SLR, United Kingdom; Facultad de Estudios Superiores, Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios no 1, Tlalnepantla Edo. de, Mexico 54090, Mexico	Smith, G.F., Biosystematics and Biodiversity Collections and Chief Financial Officer, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X101, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa, H.G.W.J. Schweickerdt Herbarium, Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Figueiredo, E., H.G.W.J. Schweickerdt Herbarium, Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Pennington, T., Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 SLR, United Kingdom; Davila, P., Facultad de Estudios Superiores, Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios no 1, Tlalnepantla Edo. de, Mexico 54090, Mexico	For some years the International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) has sponsored research grants in plant systematics to young scientists, predominantly from developing countries. At the meeting of Council, held on 12 January 2008 in Pretoria, South Africa, the first such meeting held in Africa, it was decided to review the programme and to provide applicants with advice on how to write a successful proposal. Guidelines for proposal writing are given here.	Grant; Guidelines; IAPT; Plant systematics; Proposal writing	conference proceeding; developing world; guideline; plant community; research work; taxonomy	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34848821622	Evaluation of a rapid screening test for rifampicin resistance in re-treatment tuberculosis patients in the Eastern Cape	Albert H., Trollip A.P., Seaman T., Abrahams C., Mole R.J., Jordaan A., Victor T., Hoosain E.	2007	South African Medical Journal	97	9	None	Biotec Laboratories Ltd., Somerset Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, W Cape, South Africa; Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Albert, H., Biotec Laboratories Ltd., Somerset Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), Cape Town, South Africa; Trollip, A.P., Biotec Laboratories Ltd., Somerset Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Seaman, T., Biotec Laboratories Ltd., Somerset Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Abrahams, C., Biotec Laboratories Ltd., Somerset Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Mole, R.J., Biotec Laboratories Ltd., Somerset Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Jordaan, A., Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, W Cape, South Africa; Victor, T., Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, W Cape, South Africa; Hoosain, E., Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality, Port Elizabeth, South Africa	Background and objectives. Patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) are at high risk of treatment failure. It is anticipated that early identification of MDR-TB and appropriate treatment will improve patient outcome and disease control. We evaluated the rapid detection of rifampicin resistance in previously treated TB patients, directly from acid-fast bacilli (AFB)-positive sputum using a phage-based test, FASTPlaque-Response (Biotec Laboratories Ltd, Ipswich, UK). The ability of rifampicin resistance to predict MDR-TB was also determined. Design. A prospective study was done comparing performance of the rapid phage test with conventional culture and drug susceptibility testing (DST) in AFB-positive TB patients. Setting. Five primary health clinics and one TB referral centre in the Port Elizabeth Metropolitan area, Eastern Cape. Outcome measures. Sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of the phage test were determined compared with gold standard culture and DST. Discrepant results were resolved by molecular detection of mutations conferring rifampicin resistance. The proportion of rifampicin-resistant strains that were MDR was also determined. Results. Previously treated patients were at a high risk of MDR-TB (35.7%). Sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of FASTPlaque-Response for rifampicin resistance determination were 95.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 91.0-99.8%), 97.2% (95% CI: 94.5-99.9%) and 96.5% (95% CI: 94.1-98.9%) respectively compared with conventional DST (unresolved), calculated for specimens that had both FASTPlaque-Response and conventional DST results available. FASTPlaque-Response results were available in 2 days instead of 28-85 days with conventional DST. However, only 70.6% of FASTPlaque-Response results were interpretable compared with 86.3% of conventional DST results. The majority (95.5%) of rifampicin-resistant strains were MDR-TB. Conclusions. Rapid detection of rifampicin resistance using FASTPlaque-Response could contribute to improved management of patients at risk of MDR-TB, such as previously treated patients. However, improvement in control of specimen-related contamination is needed to ensure that a higher proportion of FASTPlaque-Response results are interpretable. Where indicated, early modification of therapy could improve patient prognosis and reduce disease transmission.	None	isoniazid; rifampicin; acid fast bacterium; antibiotic sensitivity; article; bacterial strain; bacteriophage typing; bacterium culture; bacterium isolate; bacterium isolation; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; drug treatment failure; human; lung tuberculosis; major clinical study; multicenter study; multidrug resistance; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nonhuman; outcome assessment; prognosis; screening test; sensitivity and specificity; South Africa; sputum analysis; tuberculosis control; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Bacteriophage Typing; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Predictive Value of Tests; Retreatment; Rifampin; South Africa; Sputum; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67649210610	Performance of FASTPlaqueTB™ and a modified protocol in a high HIV prevalence community in South Africa	Trollip A.P., Albert H., Mole R., Marshall T., Van Cutsem G., Coetzee D.	2009	International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease	13	6	None	Biotec Laboratories South Africa Ltd., Cape Town, South Africa; Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, Cape Town, South Africa; Médecins Sans Frontières, Cape Town, South Africa; Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Biotec Laboratories South Africa (Pty) Ltd., PO Box 50615, Waterfront, Cape Town 8002, South Africa	Trollip, A.P., Biotec Laboratories South Africa Ltd., Cape Town, South Africa, Biotec Laboratories South Africa (Pty) Ltd., PO Box 50615, Waterfront, Cape Town 8002, South Africa; Albert, H., Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, Cape Town, South Africa; Mole, R., Biotec Laboratories South Africa Ltd., Cape Town, South Africa; Marshall, T., Biotec Laboratories South Africa Ltd., Cape Town, South Africa; Van Cutsem, G., Médecins Sans Frontières, Cape Town, South Africa; Coetzee, D., Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Modifications in the FASTPlaqueTB™ test protocol have resulted in an increase in the analytical limits of detection. This study investigated whether the performance of a modified prototype was able to increase the detection of smear-negative, culture-positive sputum samples as compared to the first generation FASTPlaqueTB test. Modifications to the FASTPlaqueTB did result in increased detection of smear-negative samples, but this was associated with a decrease in the specificity of the test. Before the FASTPlaqueTB can be considered as a viable replacement for smear microscopy and culture for the identification of tuberculosis, further work is required to resolve the performance issues identified in this study. © 2009 The Union.	Diagnostic tests; FASTPlaqueTB; HIV; Mycobacteriophages; Pulmonary tuberculosis; South Africa	adolescent; article; community; controlled study; culture medium; diagnostic test; human; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; microscopy; performance; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; South Africa; sputum analysis; sputum smear; tuberculosis; comorbidity; comparative study; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; lung tuberculosis; methodology; microbiological examination; microbiology; prediction and forecasting; South Africa; sputum; Comorbidity; HIV Infections; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Predictive Value of Tests; South Africa; Sputum; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870267171	Definition and application of a cohesive crack model allowing improved prediction of the flexural capacity of high-performance fibre-reinforced concrete pavement materials	Denneman E., Kearsley E.P., Visser A.T.	2012	Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering	54	2	None	Bituminous Surfacing, ARRB Group Ltd., 500 Burwood Highway, Vermont South VIC 3133, Australia; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	Denneman, E., Bituminous Surfacing, ARRB Group Ltd., 500 Burwood Highway, Vermont South VIC 3133, Australia; Kearsley, E.P., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Visser, A.T., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	In conventional concrete pavement design methods the design parameters are determined using linear elastic analysis. Concrete is subject to significant size effect and as a result linear elastic design concepts, such as the modulus of rupture determined for a beam, have limited reliability in the design of elements of different size and geometry. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that, in contrast to the modulus of rupture, fracture mechanics material parameters can be used to accurately and precisely predict the flexural capacity of elements of a different size and geometry. The experimental framework includes two high-performance fibre-reinforced concrete mix designs, used to produce beams of different sizes tested in three-point bending configuration, as well as centrally loaded round panels. The fracture energy of the material is determined from the flexural beam tests. An adjusted tensile splitting test procedure is used to determine the tensile strength. The flexural tests on the beams and panels are simulated numerically using two finite element implementations of a cohesive crack approach. The numerical simulation yields satisfactory prediction of the flexural behaviour of the beam and disk specimens. It is concluded that using a fracture mechanics approach, the flexural behaviour of structural elements of different size and/or geometry can be reliably predicted.	None	Beam tests; Cohesive crack models; Cohesive cracks; Concrete mix design; Conventional concrete; Design concept; Design parameters; Different sizes; Disk specimens; Finite element implementation; Flexural capacity; Flexural tests; Fracture mechanics approach; Linear elastic; Linear elastic analysis; Material parameter; Modulus of rupture; Pavement design; Pavement material; Satisfactory predictions; Size effects; Splitting tests; Structural elements; Three point bending; Design; Fracture mechanics; Geometry; Reinforced concrete; Tensile strength; Forecasting	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77949502966	Response of axially stacked square tubes to axial impact loads	Ronchietto F., Chung Kim Yuen S., Nurick G.N.	2009	Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures	6	4	None	Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Private Bag, 7701, South Africa	Ronchietto, F., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Private Bag, 7701, South Africa; Chung Kim Yuen, S., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Private Bag, 7701, South Africa; Nurick, G.N., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Private Bag, 7701, South Africa	The crushing and energy absorption characteristics of thinwalled specimens consisting of single and axially stacked mild steel square tubes are investigated by the performance of quasi-static and dynamic axial crushing tests. Two tubes are axially stacked either by means of weld or a plate. Welded specimens comprise of two tubes of equal length axially stacked on each other and seam welded around all four sides. Plate divided specimens consist of two tubes of equal length axially stacked with a rigid mild steel plate in between them. The rigid plate has a thickness of 10mm and acts as an elastic medium for energy to be transferred from the top tube to the bottom tube during axial loading. All tubes have square cross-sections of 50mm×50mm and nominal wall thicknesses of 1.6mm. The lengths of the tubes range from 250mm to 1700mm encompassing the three main modes of buckling; namely progressive, Euler and the transition mode. The global slenderness or length-to-width ratio (L/C) is investigated with regards to buckling modes. Welded tubes behave very similarly to single tubes. Plate-divided specimens exhibit two high peak loads with a slightly increased mean crush load compared to single and welded tubes.	Axial impact loading; Axially stacked; Buckling transition; Energy absorber; Global bending; Progressive buckling; Tube crushing	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900016364	Influence of soil fertility amendment practices on ex-situ utilisation of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and performance of maize and common bean in Kenyan Highlands	Nyaga J., Jefwa J.M., Muthuri C.W., Okoth S.A., Matiru V.N., Wachira P.	2014	Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems	17	1	None	Botany Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), P.O Box 62000-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility-CIAT, P.O Box 30777, Nairobi, Kenya; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-001000 Nairobi, Kenya	Nyaga, J., Botany Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), P.O Box 62000-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Jefwa, J.M., Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility-CIAT, P.O Box 30777, Nairobi, Kenya; Muthuri, C.W., Botany Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), P.O Box 62000-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Okoth, S.A., School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-001000 Nairobi, Kenya; Matiru, V.N., Botany Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), P.O Box 62000-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Wachira, P., School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-001000 Nairobi, Kenya	Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) are important in agriculture and have received attention as they are considered a part of an active and diverse soil biological community essential for increasing the sustainability of agricultural systems. However, most of agricultural practices have a negative impact on AMF association and agricultural soils are AMF impoverished. Interventions to replenish AMF include re-introduction through inoculation or manipulation of existing AMF to increase density. A major problem with inoculation is that there is possible competition with native (indigenous) AMF species. Indigenous AMF will be more adapted to the soil environment than introduced strains but with conflicting results on the effects of AMF inoculation on crop yield, more field studies for different ecological areas are required. The objective of the study was to compare the effect of inoculating crops with indigenous AMF applied applied singly or combined with other Soil Fertility Amendment Practices (SFAP) on root colonisation and subsequent performance of maize (Zea mays L.) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Analysis was also done on the best soil amendment practice that encourages crop colonisation by AMF. This was tested under field experiment and compared with control treatment (no soil amendment practice) and three other soil fertility amendment practices used singly or in combination with AMF; (1) MAVUNO (macro- and micronutrients and secondary nutrients) fertilizer, and (2) Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) and Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) (3) cattle manure. Maize and bean performances were determined and compared between the treatments for a period of two consecutive seasons with the experiment replicated in two benchmark sites of Embu district (highlands of central Kenya) and Taita-Taveta district (coastal highlands). Soils at Embu have high soil pH than at Taita which results in low phosphorus levels and possible micronutrients deficiencies. Even though no significant differences were observed from root colonisation by AMF with application of SFAP, significant differences were observed at the crop yield. Bean crop was more responsive to AMF inoculation than maize in terms of yield. Combination of AMF inoculant with other organic and inorganic fertilizers resulted in higher crop yield compared to AMF applied singly. Thus, utilisation of indigenous AMF species has potential to constitute an environmentally friendly method of soil fertility amendment over time to improve maize and bean production potential of small-scale holders but consideration should be done on the local soil nutrients conditions, other soil fertility amendment practices in use and the targeted crop.	Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi; Colonisation intensity; Crop yield; Indigenous species; Inoculation; Soil fertility amendment practices	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940192013	Impact of globalisation on higher education curriculum restructuring in India : Comparing the trends in Kerala and Tamil Nadu	David S.A., Wildemeersch D.	2014	Indian Journal of Social Work	75	4	None	British University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; University of Johannesberg, South Africa; Kathoiieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium	David, S.A., British University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, University of Johannesberg, South Africa; Wildemeersch, D., Kathoiieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium	This study focuses on the implications of globalisation on higher education curriculum restructuring. Recent industrial developments in India, particularly the massive growth of Information and Communication Technology, and the job market has a strong influence on curriculum restructuring. A comparative analysis on the trends in Kerala and Tamil Nadu reveal that the curriculum in Tamil Nadu has been restructured much in line with the above arguments, while the developments in Kerala seem to be cautious even though similar approaches are evident. The six selected higher educational institutions deal with higher education curriculum restructuring differently, given the nature of governance, strategies and priorities of these Universities.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-66949134549	Factors impacting on organisational learning in three rural health districts	Vermaak K.P., Reid S.J., Horwood C.M.	2009	South African Family Practice	51	2	None	Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Vermaak, K.P., Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Reid, S.J., Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Horwood, C.M., Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Background: Access to quality health care in rural areas may be compromised not only by the inadequate numbers of skilled professional staff, but also by the lack of skills of the health professionals who are employed in rural facilities, due to inadequate continual professional learning and staff development. The objective of this paper is to examine the factors impacting on professional staff attendance of informal learning sessions in rural district hospitals and primary healthcare clinics. Methods: Structured, self-administered surveys, adapted from the Dimensions of a Learning Organization Questionnaire, were completed by professional staff on duty during data collection in 18 rural hospitals and their associated primary healthcare services facilities in three rural districts. The impacts of characteristics of staff, such as age, gender, professional experience and length of service, staffing levels, and the dimensions of a learning organisation, viz leadership, culture of change and teamwork, on attendance of learning sessions were considered. Results: Among professional nurses, attendance of learning sessions was significantly associated with the number of years of professional experience, length of service at the health facility, and scores on the teamwork dimension. While in the case of professional nurses attendance was not correlated with the staffing levels, the percentage of posts filled at the respective facilities and the assessment of hospital leadership as being supportive of learning were significant predictors of attendance among doctors. Conclusions: Despite severe staff shortages in these rural districts, at facilities where there was a perception of leadership and teamwork the professional staff generally attended learning sessions.	Leadership; Organisational learning; Teamwork	adult; article; female; health care access; health care facility; health care organization; health care personnel; health care quality; health service; health survey; human; learning; male; medical staff; physician; professional practice; public hospital; questionnaire; rural health care; skill; teamwork	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897885776	Evaluation of the resistance of German cultivars of maize and sorghum to Maize streak virus	Drechsler N., Thieme T., Shepherd D.N., Schubert J.	2014	Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection	121	1	None	BTL Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide, Thünenplatz 1, 18190 Groß Lüsewitz, Germany; University of Cape Town, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa; Julius Kuehn-Institute, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany	Drechsler, N., BTL Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide, Thünenplatz 1, 18190 Groß Lüsewitz, Germany; Thieme, T., BTL Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide, Thünenplatz 1, 18190 Groß Lüsewitz, Germany; Shepherd, D.N., University of Cape Town, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa; Schubert, J., Julius Kuehn-Institute, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany	Maize streak virus (MSV) is the cause of one of the most devastating maize diseases in Africa. It is transmitted by leafhoppers of the genus Cicadulina. Due to the changing climate it is possible that species of this genus capable of transmitting MSV will become established and spread the virus in Europe. There is no data on the level of resistance of cultivars of European maize to MSV. The susceptibility of three maize and 15 sorghum cultivars, and Miscanthus × giganteus was investigated using agroinoculation with the virus. DAS-ELISA and a newly developed real time quantitative PCR was used to determine the concentration of virus. All three cultivars of maize were susceptible to MSV administered using agroinoculation, although there were significant differences in the levels of susceptibility. The 15 culti-vars of sorghum and Miscanthus were resistant to MSV. Transmission tests using Cicadulina mbila as the vector confirmed the resistance of two of the cultivars of sorghum and Miscanthus. Agroinoculation can only be carried out under S2 biosafety conditions. Therefore, the persistence of agro-bacteria in the plants was investigated. Five weeks after agroinoculation, the bacteria were no longer found in the above-ground parts of the plants, but still persisted in the roots of some plants. Transmission tests with an indigenous species of leafhopper, Psammotettix alienus, a vector of the related geminivirus Wheat dwarf virus, revealed that this species is not capable of transmitting MSV. Virus was found only in the body of these insects and not in their heads, which is necessary for persistent transmission through salivary glands. © Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart.	Agroinfection; Agroinoculation; Bioenergy crops; Climate change; Leafhoppers; Miscanthus; MSV; Realtime PCR	bioenergy; biosafety; climate variation; cultivar; disease resistance; disease severity; disease transmission; energy crop; maize; polymerase chain reaction; real time; sorghum; viral disease; Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952657042	Farmer evaluation of phosphorus fertilizer application to annual legumes in Chisepo, central Malawi	Kamanga B.C.G., Whitbread A., Wall P., Waddington S.R., Almekinders C., Giller K.E.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	8	None	Bunda College of Agriculture, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, P. M. B. 2, Glen Osmond 5064, Australia; CIMMYT, P.O. Box MP163, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Social Science, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AT Wageningen, Netherlands; Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AT Wageningen, Netherlands	Kamanga, B.C.G., Bunda College of Agriculture, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi; Whitbread, A., CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, P. M. B. 2, Glen Osmond 5064, Australia; Wall, P., CIMMYT, P.O. Box MP163, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Waddington, S.R., CIMMYT, P.O. Box MP163, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Almekinders, C., Department of Social Science, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AT Wageningen, Netherlands; Giller, K.E., Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AT Wageningen, Netherlands	Building from the perception that farmers have an intimate knowledge of their local environment, production problems, crop priorities and criteria for evaluation, an on-farm experiment was conducted with farmers in 2003/4 in Chisepo, central Malawi, to evaluate the response of six annual legumes to phosphorus (P) (20 kg P ha-1 or no P fertilizer) application. The legumes were velvet bean, pigeonpea, soyabean, groundnut, bunch-type cowpea and Bambara groundnut. Twelve farmers hosted the experiments and each farmer formed a group of at least 4 other farmers to evaluate the legumes. Farmer participatory monitoring and evaluation of the legume and P combinations was conducted during the experiment to determine farmer preferences and acceptance of the technology. Measured grain yields, returns to labour and total costs of the P-fertilized legumes were compared with those for the unfertilized legumes. The application of P fertilizer significantly (P = 0.05) increased legume grain yields, particularly with velvet bean, and soyabean. However, use of P was not financially attractive and farmers were not interested to use P at the time. Farmers were more interested to maximize legume food production from their labour investment. Soyabean, groundnut and pigeonpea, grain legumes with high value as food, were considered to be priority crops by farmers over velvet bean, cowpea and Bambara groundnut. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Farmer participation; Financial analysis; Grain legume; Monitoring and evaluation; Phosphorus; Soil fertility	Arachis hypogaea; Bambara; Cajanus cajan; Glycine max; Mucuna	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886018169	Performance of different potato genotypes under aeroponics system	Chiipanthenga M., Maliro M., Demo P., Njoloma J., Khumar N.	2013	Journal of Applied Horticulture	15	2	None	Bunda College of Agriculture, University of Malawi, Njuli-Estate, Malawi; Kasinthula Research Station, Department of Agricultural Research Services, Njuli-Estate, Malawi; International Potato Center (CIP), Njuli-Estate, Malawi; Universal Farming and Milling Ltd., Njuli-Estate, Malawi; World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF Southern Africa, Kenya	Chiipanthenga, M., Bunda College of Agriculture, University of Malawi, Njuli-Estate, Malawi, Kasinthula Research Station, Department of Agricultural Research Services, Njuli-Estate, Malawi; Maliro, M., Bunda College of Agriculture, University of Malawi, Njuli-Estate, Malawi; Demo, P., International Potato Center (CIP), Njuli-Estate, Malawi; Njoloma, J., Bunda College of Agriculture, University of Malawi, Njuli-Estate, Malawi, World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF Southern Africa, Kenya; Khumar, N., Universal Farming and Milling Ltd., Njuli-Estate, Malawi	Potato yields in developing countries are below potential yield because potato production is mainly constrained by lack of quality seed. Lack of potato seed systems to provide farmers with quality clean and certified potato seed has led majority of farmers save their own seed. Such potato seed is characterized by systemic viral and bacterial diseases that are transmitted from generation to generation and this leads to low crop yields. The study was aimed at exploring the use of tissue culture and aeroponics techniques in the production of quality potato seed. Potato plantlets were produced in the tissue culture laboratory at Bvumbwe Research Station, 15° 41′ 0″ South, 35° 8′ 0″ East in Thyolo district of Malawi and then transferred to an aeroponics facility at Njuli Estate, 15° 41′ 0″ South, 35° 8′ 0″ East in Chiradzulu district of Malawi. The four potato genotypes did not differ on plant growth performance, but responded differently to aeroponics system in terms of mini tuber yield and stolon numbers. Genotypes CIP381381.20 and CIP381381.13 showed superiority among the other tested genotypes in terms of tuber number per plant. Genotype CIP381381.20 produced significantly higher number of stolons than the rest. In this study, on an average 30 tubers were produced per plant under aeroponics system which is six times more than the conventional (use of soil-based substrate) seed potato production system under screen house conditions (5 tubers per plant) under Malawian conditions.	Aeroponics; Potato; Potato genotypes; Potato seed; Solanum tuberosum; Tissue culture	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955574326	Effect of furrow length and flow rate on the performance of short-furrows used to irrigate potatoes in Gojam, Ethiopia	Eshetu S., Tilahun K., Zerihun D.	2009	International Agricultural Engineering Journal	18	42433	None	Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Haramaya University, P.O.Box 45, Ethiopia; University of Arizona, Yuma Agricultural Center, Yuma, AZ 85721, United States; School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia	Eshetu, S., Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Tilahun, K., Haramaya University, P.O.Box 45, Ethiopia, School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia; Zerihun, D., University of Arizona, Yuma Agricultural Center, Yuma, AZ 85721, United States	A field study was conducted to evaluate existing irrigation management practices in small-scale farm holdings in northwest Ethiopia. In this study, the effect of furrow length, as well as flow rate on irrigation performance, crop yield, and water use was studied. The field experiment was arranged in a split plot design; furrow length as main plot and flow rate as sub-plot. Each treatment has three levels; 10, 25, and 40 m furrow lengths and 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 L/s flow rates. Irrigation performance indicators are: application efficiency, Ea, storage efficiency, Es, distribution uniformity, DU, runoff fraction, Rf, deep percolation fraction, Df, yield, Y, water use efficiency, WUE. The effect of furrow length was statistically significant (p&lt;0.05) on all performance indices except E, and flow rate has shown significant effect on all performance indices (p&lt;0.05). The ranges of measured values of Ea, Es, DU, Rf and Df were 18-34%; 46-80%; 93-98%; 81-95%; 11-57%; and 25-47% respectively. Both furrow length and flow rate had a significant effect on yield and WUE at p&lt;0.05. The ranges of crop yield and WUE found in the study were 17-32 t/ha and 2.1-4.1 Kg/m3 respectively. Crop yield and WUE have shown a decreasing trend as furrow length increases and increases as flow rate increases.	None	Crop yield; Deep percolation; Distribution uniformity; Ethiopia; Field experiment; Field studies; Irrigation management; Irrigation performance; Performance indices; Split plot designs; Storage efficiency; Water use; Water use efficiency; Benchmarking; Biochemical oxygen demand; Irrigation; Solvents; Water supply; Crops; Solanum tuberosum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34748814296	Evaluation of groundwater quality characteristics in Lagos-City	Yusuf K.A.	2007	Journal of Applied Sciences	7	13	None	Department of Chemistry, Lagos State University Ojo, P.M.B. 1087, Apapa, Lagos, Nigeria	Yusuf, K.A., Department of Chemistry, Lagos State University Ojo, P.M.B. 1087, Apapa, Lagos, Nigeria	Most of the water requirement for Lagos is met from surface and ground water supplies. Lagos an industrial and highly populated city located in the Southwest Nigeria has urban migration problems and resource limitations. However, as found in many cities, a certain proportion of the population is forced to rely on the well water as sources of drinking water, a poor drinking water quality that may have health consequences. A study was therefore carried out to gain an idea of the inorganic quality of the water in the wells penetrating the shallow (< 20 m thick) alluvial aquifer in the city. Results from this study revealed that some of the ground water quality constituents exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) standards for drinking water irrespective of the sources of pollution: the total dissolved solids limit in 50%, the conductivity limit in 27.8%, the lead limit in 38.9%, the pH limit in 44.4% and the sodium and calcium limits in 11.1% of the samples. Thus, ground water from some of these wells requires further purification to ensure its fitness for human consumption. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Aquifer; Ground water; Water quality constituents; Wells	Conductivity limit; Ground-water qualities; Health consequences; Resource limitations; Surface and ground waters; Total dissolved solids; Water requirements; World Health Organization; Aquifers; Groundwater; Groundwater pollution; Health; Water quality; Water supply; Wells; Groundwater resources	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-60849092886	The impact of shopping mall development on small township retailers	Ligthelm A.A.	2008	South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences	11	1	None	Bureau of Market Research, University of South Africa, South Africa	Ligthelm, A.A., Bureau of Market Research, University of South Africa, South Africa	The retail sector forms a critical element of a community's economic and social welfare. It provides people with choices and services. These choices were until recently very limited in township areas. The pre-1994 retail landscape was dominated by small, often informal businesses offering basic household necessities to relatively low income earners. This has resulted in township residents' preference to shop outside townships, known as 'outshopping'. Rapid income growth of township residents since 1994 resulted in a substantial increase in consumer expenditure in these areas, known as 'in-bound shopping'. This lucrative emerging market forms the last retail frontier in South Africa and is being explored by national retailers, especially supermarket chains. This article is aimed at establishing the impact of shopping mall development in townships on the traditional small township retailers including spaza/tuck shops. The net balance sheet on the impact of shopping mall development on small township retailers clearly suggests a decline in the township retailers' market share. A change in small business model towards, inter alia, effective customer service with a small dedicated assortment of merchandise, satisfaction of emergency needs, selling in small units and extension of credit facilities may result in the survival of some small township retailers (albeit often at a smaller turnover).	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-53649110745	Classroom goal structure and students' cognitive performance	Nwokocha P.I., Akpomi M.E., Nnadi M.A.	2008	European Journal of Scientific Research	19	4	None	Business Education Department, Faculty of Technical and Science Education, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria	Nwokocha, P.I., Business Education Department, Faculty of Technical and Science Education, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Akpomi, M.E., Business Education Department, Faculty of Technical and Science Education, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Nnadi, M.A., Business Education Department, Faculty of Technical and Science Education, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria	Over the past 25 years, achievement goal theory has emerged as one of the most prominent theories of achievement motivation. This study uses an achievement goal framework to examine the influence of classroom goal structure on students' academic performance and attitude toward mathematics. Three hundred and fifty (350) students in four, non-residential co-educational secondary schools were randomly assigned to experimental and control structures. Students in each structure were exposed to the learning strategies of the structure they were in. The control group had no instructions; it was simply the convention class. Data on the relevant variables were obtained from the mean scores of each structure on the two tests. Using ANOVA for the analysis, the results revealed that students in the co-operative goal structure were significantly different from the students in the competitive, individualistic and control settings in the mathematics achievement test. There was, however, no statistically significant difference among students in all the four modes in the mathematics attitude measure. Implications of the findings are discussed and recommendations made. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2008.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38349113448	Enhancing Nigerian business students' interests and performance in office management through the cooperative learning approach	Koko M.N.	2007	European Journal of Scientific Research	19	1	None	Business Education Department, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Koko, M.N., Business Education Department, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	This study examined the effect of Cooperative Learning Approach (CLA) as an enhancement tool for Business students' interests and performance in Office Management in Nigeria. The sample consisted of 98 final-year students who offered BED 431 in the (2004/2005 academic session) selected through the simple random sampling technique and divided into control and experimental group using balloting. The OMIS and OMAT were the instruments used for data collection. The quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design was adopted in the study. The results revealed that the experimental group, exposed to the Cooperative Learning Approach, exhibited higher interest and performance in Office Management than the Control group taught through the traditional method. It was therefore concluded that Cooperative Learning Approach enhances students' interest and performance and should therefore be adopted by educationists at all levels of education in Nigeria. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2007.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901472973	Impact of seed voucher system on income inequality and Rice income per hectare among rural households in Nigeria: A Randomized Control Trial (RCT) approach	Awotide B.A., Awoyemi T.T., Salman K.K., Diagne A.	2013	Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture	52	2	None	C/o Africa Rice Centre, International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), University of Ibadan, P.M.B. 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Africa Rice Centre, Cotonou, Benin	Awotide, B.A., C/o Africa Rice Centre, International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), University of Ibadan, P.M.B. 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Awoyemi, T.T., C/o Africa Rice Centre, International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), University of Ibadan, P.M.B. 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Salman, K.K., C/o Africa Rice Centre, International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), University of Ibadan, P.M.B. 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Diagne, A., Africa Rice Centre, Cotonou, Benin	The Seed Voucher System (SVS) was adopted by the Emergency Rice Initiative (ERI) to grant fanners access to certified improved seed, in order to mitigate the adverse effect of the 2008 global food crisis on resource poor farmers in rural Nigeria. This study examined the impact of the SVS on income inequality reduction and rice income per hectare among rice farming households in Nigeria. Structured questionnaire was used to collect Baseline (2008) and post-voucher (2010) data, using multistage sampling procedure. Using Randomized Control Trial approach, 160 farmers out of the 600 rice fanners randomly selected in 2008 received the seed voucher (treated), and others did not (control). The results revealed that poverty and income inequality declined significantly after the intervention. The SVS also lead to significant increase in rice income per hectare. Therefore, the use of seed vouches to grant farmers access to production inputs could actually be a way out of the endemic poverty situation in rural Nigeria and can also be used to redistribute income among rural households in Nigeria.	Impact; Income inequality; LATE; Nigeria; Poverty; Rice; Voucher	agricultural worker; baseline survey; crop production; farming system; household income; poverty; questionnaire survey; rice; rural society; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78751639243	Impact of Sawah system on rice based farming system in Nigeria	Kolawole A., Oladele O.I., Wakatsuki T.	2010	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	8	3-4 PART 1	None	C/O Hirose Project International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa; Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nara 332-7204, Japan	Kolawole, A., C/O Hirose Project International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria; Oladele, O.I., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa; Wakatsuki, T., Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nara 332-7204, Japan	The importance of rice in Nigeria is no longer the question but rather how to meet the growing demand, reduce import and be self-sufficient. Consumption per capita jumped from 2.9 kg in 1970-1974 to 25 kg in 2004. Production figure increased 6 times within the period to 3.27 million tons for importation figure reaching a climax in 1998 at 1 million ton which accounted for one-third of the total import for West Africa. By 1999, area harvested from rice stood at 2.2 million hectares of which 65% was from rainfed lowland. The major constraints identified by past studies to the realization of the expected potential high rice yield are poor water control measures and poor soil management. The Sawah system offers excellent techniques for water control and soil fertility management. Sawah package consists of Sawah system which is leveled field surrounded by bund with inlet and outlet connecting irrigation and drainage canals, row transplanting of improved variety and the application of fertilizer. Using the Sawah package that was introduced to farmers through on-farm demonstrations in Bida area of Nigeria, rice yield increased to 3- 5 t/ha consistently in the last five years, while traditional system still averaged only 1.5 t/ha. Similarly, the number of farmers adopting the technology was grown from 6 in 2001 to 103 in 2005. The increased yield consequent on the adoption of the Sawah system has influenced the farming system of farmers using the Sawah package such that crops that can be accommodated within the Sawah bunds are introduced after rice harvest and gender distribution of roles within rice growing farming households are affected.	Nigeria; Rice farming system; Sawah system; Soil and water management; Technology adoption	fertilizer; agricultural worker; article; farming system; grain yield; harvest period; human; Nigeria; nonhuman; plant biotechnology; plant development; plant growth; rice; sex determination; soil fertility; soil management	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904419955	Reassessment of the environmental impacts of sulphur oxide emissions from power stations	Lloyd P.	2013	Journal of Energy in Southern Africa	24	2	None	Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa	Lloyd, P., Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa	It is a deeply entrenched belief that emissions of sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere are harmful to the environment, and that sulphur compounds should be removed from the gaseous wastes before discharge. The difficulties with this view are summarised. Extensive work in both North America and Europe has failed to demonstrate any of the early claims for impacts such as forest death. The claims for health effects seem unduly conservative and not supported by reliable data. There are even negative impacts from reducing sulphur emissions. Claims for high external costs associated with coal-fired power generation in South Africa are the result of arithmetic errors. The installation of flue-gas desulphurisation on the latest Eskom power station, Kusile, is shown to be completely unsustainable in the light of the minimal benefits that the considerable costs will bring.	Environmental impacts; Power stations; Sulphur oxide	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58449103798	Sport tourism event impacts on the host community: A case study of red bull big wave Africa	Ntloko N.J., Swart R.	2008	South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation	30	2	None	Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa; Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; 22 Devonshire Close, Parklands 7441, South Africa	Ntloko, N.J., Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa, 22 Devonshire Close, Parklands 7441, South Africa; Swart, R., Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa	The focus of this article is on the management and social impacts of sport tourism events on the host community. This article specifically evaluates the Red Bull Big Wave Africa (RBBWA) event as a case study. Of cognisance is the host community's involvement, perceptions, attitudes and an understanding of costs and benefits linked to the event, at the same time providing a critical view on the management aspects of the event and impacts evident from the host community's point of view. Survey questionnaires, interviews and direct observations were carried out as methods of obtaining data. Altogether 200 residents, two community leaders and one organiser took part in the investigation. The results indicated the event has entertainment value; provides economic benefits in particular for local businesses; promotes community pride and act as regional showcase. On the other hand, the analysis indicated the event as causing minimal disruption to local residents including use of public facilities, mainly for residents in close proximity to the event. In addition, negative environmental impacts and social inequalities became evident. The article reflects a strong link between management and impact of events as a measure to maximise the positive impacts and minimise the negative impacts.	Event impacts; Host community; Sport tourism events	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84944549252	Corporate social responsibility and organisational performance of a professional football club in South Africa	Moyo T., Davies S.E.H., Joubert E.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	13	1CONT5	None	Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa	Moyo, T., Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa; Davies, S.E.H., Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa; Joubert, E., Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa	This research investigated the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and organisational performance at Ajax Cape Town FC a professional football club in the South African Premier Soccer League (PSL). The data collected suggested that Ajax Cape Town FC employed CSR initiatives and consequently enjoyed various benefits from these activities. The CSR activities facilitated access to the club’s target market, developed and improved mutually beneficial relations with the community and consequently Ajax Cape Town FC experienced increased trust, a positive brand image and stronger loyalty from their fans. The outcomes of this study provide an insight into a South African professional football club and demonstrate how CSR initiatives can be used to successfully improve organisational performance. © 2015, Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved.	Civil law; Common law; Corporate governance; Hedge funds; Shareholder activism	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958069725	Frequency and clinical genetics of familial dilated cardiomyopathy in Cape Town: Implications for the evaluation of patients with unexplained cardiomyopathy	Ntusi N.B.A., Wonkam A., Shaboodien G., Badri M., Mayosi B.M.	2011	South African Medical Journal	101	6	None	Cardiac Clinic and Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa; College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdelaziz University of Medical Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Division of Human Genetics, Departments of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Ntusi, N.B.A., Cardiac Clinic and Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa; Wonkam, A., Division of Human Genetics, Departments of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Shaboodien, G., Cardiac Clinic and Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa; Badri, M., College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdelaziz University of Medical Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Mayosi, B.M., College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdelaziz University of Medical Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia	Background. Studies from Europe and North America suggest that 20 - 50% of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) may have familial disease. There is little information on the frequency and clinical genetics of familial DCM in Africa. Purpose. To determine the frequency and probable mode of inheritance of familial DCM in patients referred for investigation of the cause of DCM at a tertiary centre in Cape Town. Methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients diagnosed with DCM between 1 February 1996 and 31 December 2009 to determine the frequency of familial disease. Results. Of 109 unrelated patients with DCM, 29 (26.6%) had familial disease. Their mean age of onset of cardiomyopathy (28.01 (standard deviation (SD) 15.33) years) was significantly younger than that for non-familial cases (39.1 (SD 12.6) years) (p=0.001). Male predominance (N=21, 72.4%) and racial distribution (15 (48.3%) coloured patients, 10 (34.5%) black Africans, 4 (13.8%) white individuals, and 1 (3.4%) of Indian descent) of familial DCM probands were similar to the non-familial cases. Of the 29 patients with familial DCM, 2 (7%) had at least one relative diagnosed with peripartum cardiomyopathy. Pedigree analysis of the 29 families was consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance in 72.4%, autosomal recessive inheritance in 17.2% and X-linked recessive inheritance in 10.4%. Conclusions. Familial DCM affects at least a quarter of African patients with DCM, presents at a young age, is associated with peripartum cardiomyopathy, and follows an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance in the majority of families. Family screening for familial DCM is indicated in all cases of unexplained DCM, including patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy.	None	adult; article; autosomal dominant inheritance; autosomal recessive inheritance; clinical genetics; congestive cardiomyopathy; controlled study; electrocardiogram; familial disease; female; heart catheterization; heart left ventricle ejection fraction; heart left ventricle function; human; major clinical study; male; patient referral; pedigree analysis; peripartum cardiomyopathy; race difference; retrospective study; tertiary health care; Adult; African Continental Ancestry Group; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Female; Humans; Male; Pedigree; Peripartum Period; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Retrospective Studies; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-40949099573	Evaluation of circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) strip for diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis in Hassoba school children, Afar, Ethiopia	Ayele B., Erko B., Legesse M., Hailu A., Medhin G.	2008	Parasite	15	1	None	Carter Center-Ethiopia, P.O. Box 13373, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Ayele, B., Carter Center-Ethiopia, P.O. Box 13373, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Erko, B., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Legesse, M., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Hailu, A., Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Medhin, G., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	A total of 206 urine samples collected from Hassoba Elementary schoolchildren, Afar, Ethiopia, a low Schistosoma haematobium endemic setting, was diagnosed to evaluate the performance of CCA strip using double references, urine filtration technique and urinalysis dipstick (Combur 10 Test®] that detect schistosome eggs and blood in urine, respectively. The former was used as a gold standard reference method. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for the CCA were 52 %, 63.8 %, 56.7 % and 59 % respectively, with reference to urine filtration technique whereas these parameters were 50.4 %, 62.4 %, 55.6 % and 57.5 % respectively, with reference to Combur 10 Test®. 47 S. haematobium egg-positive children were found negative by CCA strip while 38 egg-negative children were found positive by CCA strip. Moreover, among the pre-tests done in duplicate, inconsistent results were also recorded. Assays were also compared with regard to the cost of equipment and reagents, speed and simplicity of use. Though CCA strip was found to be rapid and could be performed with minimal training, it was found to be expensive (US $ 4.95 per test) to use it for large-scale field use even if its diagnostic value would have been satisfactory. Further development and standardization of the CCA strip are required for its applicability for field use. It is also recommended that its cost per strip should be substantially cut down if it is to be used in poor schistosomiasis endemic countries.	Circulating cathodic antigen strip; Diagnosis; Ethiopia; Urinary schistosomiasis	CCA protein, Schistosoma mansoni; glycoprotein; helminth protein; parasite antigen; unclassified drug; adolescent; adult; animal; article; child; cost; economics; Ethiopia; female; filtration; human; isolation and purification; male; parasite identification; prediction and forecasting; preschool child; Schistosoma hematobium; sensitivity and specificity; test strip; urine; Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Antigens, Helminth; Child; Child, Preschool; Costs and Cost Analysis; Ethiopia; Female; Filtration; Glycoproteins; Helminth Proteins; Humans; Male; Parasite Egg Count; Predictive Value of Tests; Reagent Strips; Schistosoma haematobium; Schistosomiasis haematobia; Sensitivity and Specificity; Schistosoma; Schistosoma haematobium	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940825986	Efficient purification of rhG-CSF and its PEGylated forms and evaluation for in vitro activities	Tiwari D., Haque S., Jawed A., Mishra M.K., Govender T., Kruger H.G.	2015	Protein and Peptide Letters	22	10	None	Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Rajeev Gandhi International Biotech Park, Gennova Biopharmaceuticals Ltd, Hinjwadi, Pune, India; Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India; Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia	Tiwari, D., Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, Rajeev Gandhi International Biotech Park, Gennova Biopharmaceuticals Ltd, Hinjwadi, Pune, India; Haque, S., Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India, Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Jawed, A., Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Mishra, M.K., Rajeev Gandhi International Biotech Park, Gennova Biopharmaceuticals Ltd, Hinjwadi, Pune, India; Govender, T., Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Kruger, H.G., Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) has commonly been used to help the patients to recover from neutropenia inflicted due to radiotherapy, organ transplants and chemotherapy. As the number of people undergoing these therapies and procedures are increasing world-wide, the need for more economical ways of G-CSF production and improvement in its efficacy has become increasingly crucial. In the present study, recombinant human G-CSF (rhG-CSF) was expressed in E. coli and its purification process was optimized by demonstrating better efficiency and higher recoveries (upto 54%) in a multi-step chromatographic purification process, which is greater than the existing reports. Additionally, the efficacy of rhG-CSF was increased by derivatizing with polyethylene glycol (PEG; upto 85% PEGylation), which increases the plasma clearance time, reduces the immunogenicity and requires less frequent administration to the patient. Overall, the present study suggests a cost-effective purification process of rhG-CSF and also proposes its efficient conjugation with PEG for enhanced efficacy as compared to the existing commercially available forms. © 2015 Bentham Science Publishers.	Chromatography; Neutropenia; Pegylation; Purification; Rhg-csf	macrogol; recombinant granulocyte colony stimulating factor; granulocyte colony stimulating factor; macrogol derivative; polyethylene glycol 1000; recombinant protein; Article; cost effectiveness analysis; drug conjugation; drug efficacy; drug formulation; drug purification; drug screening; Escherichia coli; immunogenicity; in vitro study; ion exchange chromatography; nonhuman; plasma clearance; process optimization; protein expression; biosynthesis; chemistry; human; isolation and purification; metabolism; Escherichia coli; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; Humans; Polyethylene Glycols; Recombinant Proteins	None
WoS	WOS:000271954100013	A Critical Analysis of the Social and Economic Impact of Asian Diaspora in Kenya	Afolabi, N,Akala, Winston Jumba,Falola, T,Kiruthu, Felix,Ogino, Francis	2007	TRANS-ATLANTIC MIGRATION: THE PARADOXES OF EXILE	None	None	None	Catholic University of Eastern Africa, University of Nairobi	"Akala, Winston Jumba: Catholic University of Eastern Africa","Kiruthu, Felix: University of Nairobi","Ogino, Francis: University of Nairobi"	None	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940553981	In vivo evaluation of genetic and systemic toxicity of aqueous extracts of phyllanthus amarus in mice and rats	Bakare A.A., Oguntolu G.O., Adedokun L.A., Amao A.A., Oyeyemi I.T., Alimba C.G., Alabi O.A.	2015	International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research	7	4	None	Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Bakare, A.A., Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Oguntolu, G.O., Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adedokun, L.A., Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Amao, A.A., Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Oyeyemi, I.T., Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Alimba, C.G., Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Alabi, O.A., Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Phyllanthus amarus is a broad spectrum medicinal plant which has received world-wide recognition. However, there are concerns on the efficacy and safety of this plants' extract when used as medicinal herb. This study was therefore designed to investigate the genotoxicity of aqueous extract of P. amarus using the mouse micronucleus and sperm morphology assays. The potential effects of the extract on histology of the liver, kidney and testis, and blood parameters of rats were also investigated. Five concentrations: 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 mg/kg body weight of the extract were utilized and the test animals were orally exposed for ten consecutive days. Distilled water and cyclophosphamide were utilized as negative and positive controls respectively. Compared with the negative control, the extract induced increasing frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes and sperm abnormalities at tested concentrations; and this was significant (p<0.05) at some of the tested doses. There was significant (p<0.05) increase in total white blood cell and lymphocyte counts; and significant pathological changes in the liver, kidney and testis of exposed rats. Tannins, resins, cardiac glycolyside and phenols were analysed in the extract. These findings suggest that aqueous extract of P. amarus contained constituents capable of causing systemic and DNA damage in the mouse and rat. © 2015,International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research. All rights reserved.	DNA damage; Haematology; Histopathology; Micronucleus; Phyllanthus amarus; Sperm morphology	cyclophosphamide; distilled water; phenol derivative; Phyllanthus amarus extract; resin; tannin derivative; animal cell; animal experiment; animal tissue; Article; controlled study; DNA damage; drug effect; erythrocyte; genotoxicity; hematological parameters; in vivo study; kidney parenchyma; leukocyte count; liver histology; lymphocyte count; male; micronucleus test; morphology; mouse; nonhuman; rat; semen abnormality; sperm; testis; toxicity testing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901455920	Impact of mobile phone-based money transfer services in agriculture: Evidence from Kenya	Kirui O.K., Okello J.J., Nyikal R.A., Njiraini G.W.	2013	Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture	52	2	None	Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany; University of Nairobi, Kenya	Kirui, O.K., Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany; Okello, J.J., University of Nairobi, Kenya; Nyikal, R.A., University of Nairobi, Kenya; Njiraini, G.W., Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany	This study contributes to pioneering literature on the impact of mobile phone-based money transfer, especially in agriculture. It provides information regarding financial intermediation to the excluded through the use of new generation Information Communication Technology (ICT) tools, especially the mobile phone. The study employs propensity score matching technique to examine the impact of MMT services on household agricultural input use, agricultural commercialization and farm incomes among farm households in Kenya. It uses cross-sectional data collected from 379 multi-stage randomly selected households in three provinces of Kenya. The study found that use of mobile phone-based money transfer services significantly increased level of annual household input use by $42, household agricultural commercialization by 37% and household annual income by $224. We conclude that mobile phone-based money transfer services in rural areas help to resolve a market failure that farmers face; access to financial services. We discuss implications for policy and practice.	Impact; Kenya; M-PESA; Mobile phones; Money transfer; Smallholder farmers	agricultural economics; agricultural technology; agricultural worker; commercialization; financial policy; financial services; household income; information and communication technology; mobile communication; rural finance; smallholder; Kenya	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052577707	Potential impact of reactive vaccination in controlling cholera outbreaks: An exploratory analysis using a Zimbabwean experience	Kim S.-Y., Choi Y., Mason P.R., Rusakaniko S., Goldie S.J.	2011	South African Medical Journal	101	9	None	Center for Health Decision Science, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Global Health Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Biomedical Research and Training Institute, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe	Kim, S.-Y., Center for Health Decision Science, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States, Harvard Global Health Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States; Choi, Y., Center for Health Decision Science, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States, Harvard Global Health Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States; Mason, P.R., Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Rusakaniko, S., Biomedical Research and Training Institute, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe; Goldie, S.J., Biomedical Research and Training Institute, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe	Background. To contain ongoing cholera outbreaks, the World Health Organization has suggested that reactive vaccination should be considered in addition to its previous control measures. Objectives. To explore the potential impact of a hypothetical reactive oral cholera vaccination using the example of the recent large-scale cholera outbreak in Zimbabwe. Methods. This was a retrospective cost-effectiveness analysis calculating the health and economic burden of the cholera outbreak in Zimbabwe with and without reactive vaccination. The primary outcome measure was incremental cost per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted. Results. Under the base-case assumptions (assuming 50% coverage among individuals aged ≥2 years), reactive vaccination could have averted 1 320 deaths and 23 650 DALYs. Considering herd immunity, the corresponding values would have been 2 920 deaths and 52 360 DALYs averted. The total vaccination costs would have been ~$74 million and ~$21 million, respectively, with per-dose vaccine price of US$5 and $1. The incremental costs per DALY averted of reactive vaccination were $2 770 and $370, respectively, for vaccine price set at $5 and $1. Assuming herd immunity, the corresponding cost was $980 with vaccine price of $5, and the programme was cost-saving with a vaccine price of $1. Results were most sensitive to case-fatality rate, per-dose vaccine price, and the size of the outbreak. Conclusions. Reactive vaccination has the potential to be a costeffective measure to contain cholera outbreaks in countries at high risk. However, the feasibility of implementation should be further evaluated, and caution is warranted in extrapolating the findings to different settings in the absence of other in-depth studies.	None	cholera vaccine; article; child; cholera; controlled study; cost control; cost effectiveness analysis; drug cost; epidemic; exploratory research; fatality; herd; human; immunity; nonhuman; quality adjusted life year; retrospective study; vaccination; Zimbabwe; Cholera; Cholera Vaccines; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Decision Support Techniques; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Immunity, Herd; Vaccination; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350333894	Impact of alcoholism on sleep architecture and EEG power spectra in men and women	Colrain I.M., Turlington S., Baker F.C.	2009	Sleep	32	10	None	Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Brain Function Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Colrain, I.M., Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States, Department of Psychology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Turlington, S., Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States; Baker, F.C., Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States, Brain Function Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Study Objectives: To determine the impact of alcoholism on sleep architecture and sleep EEG power spectra in men and women with uncomplicated alcoholism. Design and Participants: 42 alcoholics (27 men) and 42 controls (19 men) screened for medical, psychiatric, and sleep problems participated in a full night of polysomnography following an adaptation night. Data were collected from multiple scalp sites and subjected to power spectral analysis. Sleep architecture and EEG spectral power measures were evaluated for the effects of diagnosis and sex using age as a covariate. Results: Compared with controls, alcoholics had less slow wave sleep and increased proportions of stage 1 and REM sleep. Spectral analysis of NREM sleep showed reduced levels of slow wave activity (SWA, 0.3-4 Hz) and slow θ (theta) power (4-6 Hz) in alcoholics. The differences in SWA extended across the slow band (0.3-1 Hz) and all δ (delta) frequencies and were most prominent over frontal scalp regions. No group differences were seen in the power spectra of REM sleep. Women had more SWA and θ power than men, but there were no sex by diagnosis interactions for any measures, suggesting that alcoholism does not differentially influence men and women. Conclusion: Long-term alcoholism affects sleep even after long periods of abstinence in both men and women. Measures of frontal slow wave activity were particularly sensitive markers of this long-lasting effect. Sleep EEG measures would thus seem to provide a functional correlate of the changes in brain structure seen in frontal cortex of longterm alcoholics.	Alcoholism; Delta; K-complex; N550; Sex; Sleep	adaptation; alcohol consumption; alcoholism; article; clinical article; controlled study; electroencephalogram; female; human; male; mental disease; nonREM sleep; polysomnography; priority journal; REM sleep; scoring system; sex difference; sleep disorder; sleep parameters; slow wave sleep; spectroscopy; Alcoholism; Analysis of Variance; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Polysomnography; Sex Factors; Sleep Disorders; Sleep Stages; Time	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650974117	Evaluation of the lubricating properties of palm oil	Musa J.J.	2010	Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies	9	17	None	Department of Agriculture and Bio-Resource Engineering, Federal University of Technology, P M B 65, Minna, Nigeria	Musa, J.J., Department of Agriculture and Bio-Resource Engineering, Federal University of Technology, P M B 65, Minna, Nigeria	There has been an increase in effort to reduce the reliance on petroleum fuels for energy generation and transportation throughout the world. Among the proposed alternative fuels is biodiesel. Over the years, a little attention was paid to the industrial use of palm oil. Laboratory tests such as viscosity, fire point, flash point, pour point and densities were conducted on raw palm oil and bleached palm oil using standard procedures. The flash points of palm oil and the bleached sample are 250 and 301°C while their fire points are 260 and 308°C while the flash and fire points of the SAE 40 and SAE 30 are 260/300(°C) and 243/290(°C) respectively. It was discovered that palm oil has a better prospect as lubricating oil if necessary improvements are made. © 2010 by the authors.	Additives; Bleaching; Density; Fire point; Flash point; Pour point; Viscosity	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-83455224710	Comparison of the performance, haematology and serum chemistry of Weaner pigs fed palm kernel cake with and without enzyme supplementation	Oluwafemi R.A., Akpodiete O.J.	2011	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	10	10	None	College of Agriculture, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo state, Nigeria; Dept. of Animal Science, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Nigeria	Oluwafemi, R.A., College of Agriculture, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo state, Nigeria; Akpodiete, O.J., Dept. of Animal Science, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Nigeria	The effects of Palm kernel Cake with or without enzyme supplementation on the performance, haematology and serum chemistry of weaner pigs were compared in a study, which lasted for eighty four days. Thirty weaner pigs of the Large White x Duroc crossbreed with average initial live weight range of 10.5 to 14kg allotted into five groups were used. Five experimental diets in which Palm Kernel cake was used as replacement for maize were formulated as follows: Diet 1 (control) had 0% PKC and no enzyme inclusion, Diet 2 had 40% PKC and with enzyme, Diet 3 had 40% PKC and without enzyme, Diet 4 had 60% PKC with enzyme while Diet 5 had 60% PKC without enzyme. The animals were randomly assigned to the dietary treatments in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD). The enzyme - Hemicel® was mixed with the PKC portion at the rate of 600g/ton before incorporation into the diets. Performance characteristics measured include: average daily gains (kg), average daily feed intake (kg), feed cost/gain (N), haematological and serological characteristics among others. The results showed that there were significant (P<0.05) differences in average daily gain (ADG), average total weight gain (ATWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The Red Blood Cell (RBC) of weaner pigs in treatment 4 (60%PKC + Enzyme) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the others while the mean haemoglobin (Hb) values were significantly (P<0.05) different among the treatment means. The Serum levels of Albumin and the Urea of the experimental animals were not affected by the experimental diets but the total protein was highest (P<0.05) for weaners in treatment 3 (40% PKC without enzyme) than those fed the remaining dietary treatments. There was however no deleterious effect of the dietary treatments on the experimental animals throughout the study period. Therefore up to 60% inclusion level of palm kernel cake with or without enzyme supplementation could be used as replacement for maize in weaner pig's ration.	Enzyme; Haematology; Palm kernel cake; Serum chemistry; Weaner pigs	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-15344344089	Sex-specific performance of routine TB diagnostic tests	Kivihya-Ndugga L.E.A., Van Cleeff M.R.A., Ng'ang'a L.W., Meme H., Odhiambo J.A., Klatser P.R.	2005	International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease	9	3	None	Center for Respiratory Diseases, Kenya Med. Res. Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute (KIT), Amsterdam, Netherlands; Centers for Dis. Contr. and Prev., Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute (KIT), Meibergdreef 39, Amsterdam, Netherlands	Kivihya-Ndugga, L.E.A., Center for Respiratory Diseases, Kenya Med. Res. Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya; Van Cleeff, M.R.A., Department of Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute (KIT), Amsterdam, Netherlands; Ng'ang'a, L.W., Center for Respiratory Diseases, Kenya Med. Res. Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya, Centers for Dis. Contr. and Prev., Nairobi, Kenya; Meme, H., Center for Respiratory Diseases, Kenya Med. Res. Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya; Odhiambo, J.A., Center for Respiratory Diseases, Kenya Med. Res. Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya, Centers for Dis. Contr. and Prev., Nairobi, Kenya; Klatser, P.R., Department of Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute (KIT), Amsterdam, Netherlands, Department of Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute (KIT), Meibergdreef 39, Amsterdam, Netherlands	SETTING: City Council Chest Clinic, Nairobi, Kenya. OBJECTIVE: To determine to what extent the performance of smear microscopy is responsible for sex differences in notification rates. METHODOLOGY: Three sputum samples from TB suspects were subjected to smear microscopy with Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) and auramine (FM) staining. Löwenstein-Jensen culture was used as the gold standard. RESULTS: Of 998 suspects, 600 (60%) were men and 398 (40%) women. The odds of detecting culture-positive patients with ZN was lower for women (OR 0.67). By examining the first spot specimen, ZN detected 35% of culture-positive males and 26% of culture-positive females. These proportions increased to respectively 63% and 53% when examining three specimens, and to 79% and 74% when using FM. The sex difference reduced and became non-significant (P = 0.19) when adjusted for HIV; however, the numbers involved for HIV stratification were low. CONCLUSION: The performance of a diagnostic tool contributes to sex differences in notification rates and influences male/female ratios. Women were less likely to be diagnosed (P = 0.08), and when ZN was used they were less likely to be labelled as smear-positive TB (P < 0.01). The application of more sensitive diagnostic tools such as FM is to the advantage of women. © 2005 The Union.	Gender; Sensitivity/specificity; Sex; Smear microscopy; Tuberculosis	adult; article; auramine stain; bacterium culture; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Kenya; lowenstein jensen culture; major clinical study; male; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; sex difference; sex ratio; sputum smear; staining; statistical significance; tuberculosis; ziehl neelsen stain; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bacteriological Techniques; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Female; Humans; Male; Microscopy; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Regression Analysis; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sex Factors; Sputum; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69149104055	Evaluation of the lubricating properties of palm kernel oil	Musa J.J.	2009	Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies	7	14	None	Department of Agriculture and Bio-Resource Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria	Musa, J.J., Department of Agriculture and Bio-Resource Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria	The search for renewable energy resources continues to attract attention in recent times as fossil fuels such as petroleum, coal and natural gas, which are been used to meet the energy needs of man are associated with negative environmental impacts such as global warming. Biodiesel offered reduced exhaust emissions, improved biodegradability, reduced toxicity and higher carotene rating which can improve performance and clean up emissions. Standard methods were used to determine the physical and chemical properties of the oil, which includes the Density, Viscosity, flash/fire point, carbon residue, volatility and Specific Gravity were determined by chemical experimental analysis. The flash/fire points of the Heavy duty oil (SAE 40) and Light duty oil (SAE 30) is 260/300(°C) and 243/290(°C) respectively while the pour points of the samples are 22°C for palm kernel oil while 9°C and 21°C for SAE 40and SAE 30 respectively.	Biodiesel; Density; Fire point; Flash point; Heavy duty; Light duty; Viscosity	None	None
WoS	WOS:000280743400005	EVALUATION OF A U.S. EVIDENCE-BASED PARENTING INTERVENTION IN RURAL WESTERN KENYA: FROM PARENTS MATTER! TO FAMILIES MATTER!	Buve, Anne,Marum, Elizabeth,Menten, Joris,Miller, Kim S.,Obong'o, Christopher O.,Ochura, Juliet,Otwoma, Nelson J.,Poulsen, Melissa N.,Vandenhoudt, Hilde,Wyckoff, Sarah C.	2010	AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION	22	4	None	Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Trop Med, Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr	None	We evaluated Families Matter! Program (FMP), an intervention designed to improve parent-child communication about sexual risk reduction and parenting skills. Parents of 10- to 12-year-olds were recruited in western Kenya. We aimed to assess community acceptability and FMP's effect on parenting practices and effective parent-child communication. Data were collected from parents and their children at baseline and 1 year postintervention. The intervention's effect was measured on six parenting and parent-child communication composite scores reported separately for parents and children. Of 375 parents, 351 (94%) attended all five intervention sessions. Parents' attitudes regarding sexuality education changed positively. Five of the six composite parenting scores reported by parents, and six of six reported by children, increased significantly at 1 year postintervention. Through careful adaptation of this U.S. intervention, FMP was well accepted in rural Kenya and enhanced parenting skills and parent-child sexuality communication. Parents are in a unique position to deliver primary prevention to youth before their sexual debut as shown in this Kenyan program.	,"ADOLESCENT DRUG-ABUSE",AFRICAN-AMERICAN,BEHAVIOR,COMMUNICATION,"CONDOM USE",EDUCATION,HIV,"PRIMARY PREVENTION",SEXUAL-RISK,TRIAL	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649787047	Evaluation of the content validity, internal consistency and stability of an instrument designed to assess the HIV/AIDS knowledge of University Students	Balogun J.A., Aniona T.C., Lukobo-Durrell M., Adefuye A., Amosun S., Frantz J., Yakut Y.	2010	Education for Health: Change in Learning and Practice	23	3	None	College of Health Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, United States; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey	Balogun, J.A., College of Health Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, United States; Aniona, T.C., College of Health Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, United States; Lukobo-Durrell, M., College of Health Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, United States; Adefuye, A., College of Health Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, United States; Amosun, S., Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Frantz, J., Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; Yakut, Y., Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey	Objective: This study evaluated the content validity, internal consistency and stability of a questionnaire designed to assess the HIV/AIDS knowledge of young adults. Methods: The questionnaire was administered on two occasions, within two week intervals, to 219 university students in the USA (n=66), Turkey (n=53) and South Africa (n=100). The psychometric instrument contained demographic information questions and 45 knowledge questions regarding the HIV virus, ways of transmitting it, symptoms of HIV/AIDS infection and methods of prevention. Factor analysis was conducted to assess construct validity; Cronbach alphas and Pearson's product moment correlation (r) were calculated to evaluate internal consistency and stability, respectively. Results: The 45 knowledge questions produced a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (measure of sampling adequacy) value of 0.8133 and loaded on three factors with an overall Cronbach's alpha of 0.861. The r for the individual knowledge question was greater than 0.50 and the overall knowledge score was "almost perfect" (0.91; p<.001). For participating students from the USA, Turkey and South Africa, their r for the overall knowledge score was 0.80 (p<.001), 0.83 (p<.001) and 0.93 (p<.001), respectively. Conclusions: Our findings revealed that the instrument is highly stable and internally consistent. The availability of this instrument may enhance HIV intervention studies internationally. © JA Balogun, TC Aniona, M Lukobo-Durrell, A Adefuye, S Amosun, J Frantz, Y Yakut, 2010.	Evaluation; HIV/AIDS; Knowledge; Psychometric instrument; University students; Young adults	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905466748	Formulation and in-vitro evaluation of deferasirox Oro-dispersible tablets	Aziz M.M., Mohammed S., Mohiuddin M.G., Razzaq M.A.	2014	International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences	6	7	None	College of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia; Shadan college of Pharmacy, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, India	Aziz, M.M., College of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia, Shadan college of Pharmacy, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, India; Mohammed, S., College of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia, Shadan college of Pharmacy, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, India; Mohiuddin, M.G., College of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia, Shadan college of Pharmacy, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, India; Razzaq, M.A., College of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia, Shadan college of Pharmacy, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, India	Objective: Deferasirox is a once daily, oral iron chelator approved for treatment of transfusional iron overload in adult and paediatric patients. In case of iron overdose or poisoning, immediate attention deferasirox is required in the systemic circulation to counter act the iron. Hence we feel that formulation of Oro-dispersible tablets of deferasirox is an ideal approach. Methods: FTIR showed that there is no interaction between drug and excipients. Mouth dissolving tablets of Deferasirox were prepared using crospovidone, croscarmellose and sodium starch glycolate as superdisintegrants by direct compression method. Dissolution of prepared Oro-dispersible tablets of Deferasirox was performed using USP type II apparatus in 6.8 pH phosphate buffer at 50 rpm with temperature being maintained at 37±0.5°C. Samples were withdrawn at 10, 15, 20, 30 and 45min time points and were analysed using UV- visible spectrophotometer at 245 nm. Results: The tablets prepared were evaluated for various parameters like weight variation, hardness, friability, in-vitro dispersion time, drug polymer interaction, drug content, water absorption ratio and wetting time and in-vitro release and were found to be within the limits. Conclusion: Formulation with crospovidone containing superdisintegrants has shown better in-vitro dissolution profile compared with other formulations. In conclusion, development of fast dissolving tablets using superdisintegrants gives rapid drug delivery and rapid onset of action.	Deferasirox; Oro-dispersible tablets; Superdisintegrants	crospovidone; deferasirox; starch glycolate sodium; article; drug polymer interaction; drug release; drug screening; drug solubility; infrared spectroscopy; tablet compression; tablet disintegration time; tablet formulation; tablet friability; tablet hardness; tablet property; tablet thickness; tablet weight; water absorption	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956968735	Effect of westwood (Cirina forda) larva meal on the laying performance and egg characteristics of laying hen in a tropical environment	Amao O.A., Oladunjoye I.O., Togun V.A., Olubajo K., Oyaniyi O.	2010	International Journal of Poultry Science	9	5	None	Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	Amao, O.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Oladunjoye, I.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Togun, V.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Olubajo, K., Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Oyaniyi, O., Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	Two hundred and fifty Isa-Brown point of lay chicken of 30 weeks of age were used to determine the effect of substituting westwood (Cirina forda) larva meal (VWVLM) for fish meal which is the most expensive feed ingredient in layer diet on laying performance of chicken. The birds were fed five diets in which VWVLM replaced 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% fish meal. Data collected were feed intake, weight change, egg production, feed efficiency and egg quality characteristics Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. Proximate analysis showed that VWVLM contained higher crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, dry matter and ash than fish meal. Feed intake and weight gain were not significantly (p<0.05) affected by diets. Hen day production of birds fed 0% VWVLM (77.86%), 25% WWLM (78.32%), 50% WWLM (77.82%) and 75% WWLM (77.37%) were similar but higher (p<0.05) than that of those fed 100% WWLM (73.39%). Birds fed 0, 25, 50 and 75% WWLM were also comparable in terms of egg weight and efficiency of feed utilization while those fed 100%WWLM were inferior with respect to these parameters. Egg shell thickness, yolk colour and Haugh unit were not significantly different among treatments. It was concluded that WWLM can replace up to 75% fish meal in the diet of laying chicken. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Egg quality; Fish meal; Laying hen; Performance; Westwood larva meal	Aves; Cirina forda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873440926	Impact of financial development on manufacturing output: The Nigerian evidence	Ekor M., Adeniyi O.	2012	Economics Bulletin	32	3	None	Centre for the Study of the Economies of Africa (CSEA), South Africa	Ekor, M., Centre for the Study of the Economies of Africa (CSEA), South Africa; Adeniyi, O., Centre for the Study of the Economies of Africa (CSEA), South Africa	This study examined the influence of financial deepening on manufacturing output in Nigeria, Using the vector autoregression (VAR) based Johansen cointegration technique and an eventual least squares (OLS) estimator on annual data spanning 1970 to 2010. we find insignificant coefficients for credit to the manufacturing sector, banking efficiency and the non-oil trade balance. This suggests a fundamental disconnect between the real and financial sectors of the Nigerian economy. Policymakers should therefore innovate with productivity enhancing reforms which are better tailored to the needs of the manufacturing sector. This should work to boost growth prospects for the aggregate economy.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878275810	A process evaluation of a capacity-building project for comprehensive HIV/AIDS management in Nkonkobe local municipality, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa	Chipunza C., Nyawasha T.S.	2013	Anthropologist	15	3	None	Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa; University of Limpopo, Department of Sociology, South Africa	Chipunza, C., Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa; Nyawasha, T.S., University of Limpopo, Department of Sociology, South Africa	South Africa has put in place policies to curb the HIV and AIDS pandemic and adopted the multi-sectoral approach to effectively implement the policies and manage the scourge in terms of prevention, treatment, care and support. However, the implementation of the policies has been hampered by lack of human capacity. This article focuses on the results of a process or implementation evaluation of a capacity-building project in the management of HIV and AIDS in one of South Africa's local municipalities. The intention of the researchers were twofold: (1) to provide a picture of important observations about the project in terms of delivery in line with the original plan, reaching targeted population, as well as frequency and adequacy of project activities (2) to draw up lessons that can be used to improve HIV and AIDS policy implementation through projects. Using interviews and corroborating them with, observations and documents, the process evaluation exercise focused on two levels of analysis, that is, the programme staff and their provincial partners, and the project's intended beneficiaries. The results of the evaluation showed a high level of fidelity implementation, reach and dose. The study highlights the lessons learnt in contributing to a co-ordinated and, participatory and vibrant response to HIV and AIDS management. It draws a number of recommendations for future policy and practices based on the project's experience. © Kamla-Raj 2013.	Dose; Empowerment; Fidelity; Participation; Reach	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860282569	Techno-economic evaluation of a micro-hydropower plant for rural electrification in South Africa	Kusakana K., Munda J.L., Jimoh A.A., Monchusi B.B.	2011	International Review on Modelling and Simulations	4	5	None	Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	Kusakana, K., Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Munda, J.L., Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Jimoh, A.A., Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Monchusi, B.B., Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa	This study investigated the techno-economic viability of micro-hydropower generation in the electrification of a rural area in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The proposed scheme is composed of a squirrel cage induction machine running as a generator and directly coupled to a Kaplan hydro-turbine. Mathematical models were developed and simulations performed using MATLAB/SIMULINK software to highlight the characteristics of the output power supplied to consumers for varying water flow rate. A small-scale experimental model based on a DC machine as a turbine driving a self-excited induction generator was developed to validate the designed model. Economic and environment analyses were performed using HOMER software to assess the possibility of using the proposed stand-alone micro-hydropower system for low-cost electricity production and supply for the specific site. The MATLAB/SIMULINK model developed and the laboratory experiments demonstrated the technical viability of using a Kaplan turbine and a self-excited induction generator in micro-hydropower generation. The economic and environmental results highlight the cost-effectiveness character and the reduction of gas pollutant emissions achieved by the plant. The micro-hydropower plant is a technically and economically viable and environmentally friendly means for rural electrification. © 2011 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved.	Micro-Hydropower; Rural Power Supply; Techno-Economic Analysis	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887380198	Performance of first-year accounting students: Does time perspective matter? [Prestasie van eerstjaarsrekeningkundestudente: Speel tydsperspektief 'n rol?]	Joubert H., Viljoen M., Schall R.	2013	Acta Academica	45	3	None	Centre for Accounting, South Africa; University of the Free State, P O Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Dept of Mathematical Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of the Free State, P O Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Joubert, H., Centre for Accounting, South Africa; Viljoen, M., University of the Free State, P O Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Schall, R., Dept of Mathematical Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of the Free State, P O Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Academic failure of first-year accounting students is a national and international problem. Existing research is inconclusive regarding the causes for the failure and does not make provision for the possible influence of dominant time perspectives on performance in accounting. This article investigates whether time perspective has an effect on the performance of first-year accounting students. A quantitative non-experimental predictive multivariate design is used and confounding variables are taken into consideration. The results of the study indicate significant relationships between performance in first-year accounting and gender, age and a past-negative time perspective. The most significant result of this study is that a past-negative time perspective, together with an unfavourable psychosocial background, might have led to failure in first-year accounting. It is suggested that students with a negative time perspective be identified and encouraged to participate in support programmes at the university. © UV/UFS.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878843393	Evaluation of fatty acids and physicochemical characteristics of six varieties of bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea L. Verde) seed oils	Aremu M.O., Mamman S., Olonisakin A.	2013	Rivista Italiana delle Sostanze Grasse	90	2	None	Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, PMB1022, Keffi, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria	Aremu, M.O., Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, PMB1022, Keffi, Nigeria; Mamman, S., Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, PMB1022, Keffi, Nigeria; Olonisakin, A., Department of Chemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria	A study was conducted to determine the suitability of six varieties of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verde) seed oils, an under-utilized crop grown in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. For this purpose, fatty acid composition of six different seed colours of bambara groundnut was determined using standard analytical techniques. The most concentrated fatty acids were oleic acid (17.54-18.49%) < palmitic acid (21.79-23.27%) < linoleic acid (34.04-35.62%). Arachidic and behenic acids were present in small quantities with none of them recording up to 1.0% in any of the samples. Caprylic, palmitoleic, margarle, capric, lauric, myristic, arachidonic, erucic and lignoceric acids were all determined but not detected. Unsaturated fatty acids predominated in all the samples with an adequate amount of essential fatty acid (linoleic and linolenic acids). Significant differences were observed (p < 0.05) in the fatty acid compositions among the bambara groundnut dehulled seed cultivars. The results of physicochemical properties of bambara groundnut varieties seed oils showed mean range values of the following parameters: saponifications value (174.80-181.02 mg KOH/g); peroxide value (9.10-11.05 meq02/kg); iodine value (111.98-122.22 mg of 1/100g); acid value (1.28-1.40 mg KOH/g); specific gravity at 25°C (0.874-0.881); unsaponifiable matter (2.39-2.47%); flash point (210-220°C); kinetic viscosity at 40°C (2.95-4.94). Generally, the values of the physicochemical parameters showed that the oils may be useful as edible oils due to their stability as frying oils and may also be useful industrially for the manufacture of products such as paints, liquid soaps and shampoos.	Fatty acids; Physicochemical parameters; Seed oils; Vigna subterranea	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919327437	Long-term monitoring reveals differing impacts of elephants on elements of a canopy shrub community	Landman M., Schoeman D.S., Hall-Martin A.J., Kerley G.I.H.	2014	Ecological Applications	24	8	None	Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, D.C., QLD, Australia; Hall-Martin Consulting CC, Somerset West, South Africa; Scientific Services, South African National Park, South Africa	Landman, M., Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Schoeman, D.S., Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, D.C., QLD, Australia; Hall-Martin, A.J., Hall-Martin Consulting CC, Somerset West, South Africa, Scientific Services, South African National Park, South Africa; Kerley, G.I.H., Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa	The conservation management of southern Africa's elephants focuses on identifying and mitigating the extent and intensity of impacts on biological diversity. However, variation in the intensity of elephant effects between elements of biodiversity is seldom explored, which limits our ability to interpret the scale of the impacts. Our study quantifies >50 years of impacts in the succulent thickets of the Addo Elephant National Park, South Africa, contrasting hypotheses for the resilience of the canopy shrubs (a key functional guild) to elephants with those that argue the opposite. We also assess the impacts between elements of the community, ranging from community composition and structure to the structure of individual canopy species. We show the vulnerability of the canopy shrubs to transformation as the accumulated influences of elephants alter community composition and structure. The pattern of transformation is similar to that caused by domestic herbivores, which leads us to predict that elephants will eventually bring about landscape-level degradation and a significant loss of biodiversity. While we expected the canopy species to show similar declining trends in structure, providing insight into the response of the community as a whole, we demonstrate an uneven distribution of impacts between constituent elements; most of the canopy dominants exhibited little change, resisting removal. This implies that these canopy dominants might not be useful indicators of community change in thickets, a pattern that is likely repeated among the canopy trees of savanna systems. Our findings suggest that predicting elephant impacts, and finding solutions to the so-called "elephant problem," require a broader and more integrated understanding of the mechanisms driving the changes between elements of biodiversity at various spatial and temporal scales. © 2014 by the Ecological Society of America	Addo elephant national park; Conservation management; Elephant impacts; Long-term studies; Loxodonta Africana; Monitoring; Scale; South Africa; Succulent thickets	canopy; community composition; dominance; elephant; environmental indicator; landscape change; shrub; spatiotemporal analysis; species diversity; Addo Elephant National Park; Eastern Cape; South Africa; South Africa; Elephantidae; Loxodonta africana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954722951	Case series of the long-term psychosocial impact of drug-resistant tuberculosis in HIV-negative medical doctors	Padayatchi N., Daftary A., Moodley T., Madansein R., Ramjee A.	2010	International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease	14	8	None	Centre for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa; Department of Community Health, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa; King George V Hospital, Durban, South Africa	Padayatchi, N., Centre for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa, Department of Community Health, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa; Daftary, A., Centre for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Moodley, T., Centre for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa; Madansein, R., Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa; Ramjee, A., King George V Hospital, Durban, South Africa	BACKGROUND: Health care workers (HCWs) are at greater risk for tuberculosis (TB), including multidrugresistant TB (MDR-TB), compared to the general population. The psychosocial impact of nosocomial TB on HCWs has received little attention in the literature. METHODS: A retrospective medical record review from 1999 to 2003 found 15 HCWs who were treated for drug-resistant TB at a specialist hospital in South Africa. Five human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative doctors with no predisposing factors for drug resistance are included in this case series. We collectively present their clinical case histories based on medical records from 2000 to 2005, and explore the long-term psychosocial impact of TB from interviews conducted in 2009. RESULTS: Four doctors had primary MDR-TB and one had primary resistance to multiple first-line drugs. Time from symptom onset to commencement of effective treatment ranged from 8 to 39 weeks. Time for bacteriological confirmation of drug-resistant TB ranged from 6 to 24 weeks. All were cured within 3 years of initial presentation. Content analysis of follow-up interviews revealed five main themes: 1) prolonged morbidity, 2) psychological impact, 3) poor infection control, 4) weak support structures and 5) attrition from the field. CONCLUSION: Themes emergent from this case series encourage prioritisation of TB infection control education and practice to minimise HCW morbidity and prevent HCW attrition from high-burden resource-constrained settings. © 2010 The Union.	Drug-resistant tuberculosis; Health care workers; Infection control; Psychosocial impact; South Africa	amikacin; clarithromycin; cycloserine; dexamethasone; ethambutol; ethionamide; isoniazid; ofloxacin; prednisone; pyrazinamide; rifampicin; streptomycin; terizidone; valproic acid; tuberculostatic agent; adult; antibiotic therapy; anxiety; article; bladder dysfunction; case study; clinical article; clinical effectiveness; controlled study; depression; disease predisposition; drug resistant tuberculosis; female; follow up; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infection control; insomnia; interview; limb pain; limb weakness; male; medical record review; medical specialist; morbidity; multidrug resistant tuberculosis; muscle spasm; nausea; otosclerosis; panic; physician; priority journal; pruritus; psychological aspect; retrospective study; sensory neuropathy; shoulder pain; side effect; small intestine disease; social aspect; South Africa; tinnitus; tuberculous meningitis; antibiotic resistance; attitude to health; comparative study; complication; disease transmission; incidence; Mental Disorders; multidrug resistant tuberculosis; physician; prevention and control; prognosis; psychology; questionnaire; risk factor; serodiagnosis; time; transmission; Adult; Antitubercular Agents; Attitude to Health; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Follow-Up Studies; HIV Seronegativity; Humans; Incidence; Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional; Male; Mental Disorders; Physicians; Prognosis; Questionnaires; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; South Africa; Time Factors; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant; Adult; Antitubercular Agents; Attitude to Health; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Follow-Up Studies; HIV Seronegativity; Humans; Incidence; Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional; Male; Mental Disorders; Physicians; Prognosis; Questionnaires; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; South Africa; Time Factors; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247530793	Ten years hence - Has the South African choice on termination of Pregnant Act, Act 92 of 1996, realised its aims? A moral-critical evaluation	de Roubaix M.	2007	Medicine and Law	26	1	None	Centre for Applied Ethics, Department of Philosophy, University of Stellenbosch, West Cape, South Africa	de Roubaix, M., Centre for Applied Ethics, Department of Philosophy, University of Stellenbosch, West Cape, South Africa	The South African Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act (Act 92 of 1996) (CTOP) passed by parliament ten years ago, aims to promote female reproductive autonomy through legitimising free access to abortion up to 20 weeks' of gestation. The article critically evaluates CTOP and highlights three societal concerns: the effect of CTOP on the self-esteem of nurses who perform abortion; the effect on general societal morality, and its desirability. CTOP has enjoyed mixed success. On the plus side, it has furthered female reproductive autonomy, has decreased early pregnancy maternal mortality and has advanced non-racialism through equal access to safe abortion. On the minus side, it remains controversial; the majority of the population opposes abortion on request, predominantly based on religiously-informed intuitions on the value of ante-natal life. Officials and managers of public health care facilities are often obstructive, and TOP personnel victimised and socially stigmatised. An unacceptably high rate of unsafe abortion prevails, particularly in rural areas and amongst adolescents, but also in certain urban areas. The prime causes are inadequate public education, attitudinal problems, and lack of psychological support for TOP personnel, the segregation of ante-natal care and abortion services, inadequate training, research, communication and contraceptive services, absence of incentives for TOP personnel and "traditional" gender roles and male power-based domination in reproductive choices. Corrective measures include a goal directed educational programme and initiatives like value clarification workshops which have been effective in changing negative attitudes of participants, and may thus address stigmatisation, improve working conditions of TOP personnel, promote societal tolerance and acceptance, and informed consent. Of particular concern are the questions of informed consent, minors, promotion of counselling and contraceptive services (particularly for adolescents), conscientious objection and the protection of compliant (and non-compliant) personnel. ©YOZMOT 2007.	Abortion legislation; Adolescents; Birth control; Constitutional concerns; Education; Gender based domination; Minors; Pre-natal moral significance; Reproductive autonomy; Safe unsafe abortion; Self-esteem; Societal Morality; South Africa	abortion; article; birth control; contraception; fetal rights; first trimester pregnancy; gestational age; health care access; health care facility; health education; health promotion; human; illegal abortion; induced abortion; informed consent; maternal mortality; medicolegal aspect; morality; nurse attitude; patient attitude; patient autonomy; pregnancy termination; prenatal care; psychosocial care; public health; racism; religion; reproductive rights; right to life; self esteem; sex role; social desirability; social psychology; South Africa; Abortion, Legal; Female; Humans; Morals; Pregnancy; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55249120938	Probabilistic risk assessment of the environmental impacts of pesticides in the Crocodile (west) Marico catchment, North-West Province	Ansara-Ross T.M., Wepener V., Van Den Brink P.J., Ross M.J.	2008	Water SA	34	5	None	Centre for Aquatic Research, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; Wageningen University, Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands; Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands	Ansara-Ross, T.M., Centre for Aquatic Research, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; Wepener, V., Centre for Aquatic Research, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; Van Den Brink, P.J., Wageningen University, Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands, Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands; Ross, M.J., Centre for Aquatic Research, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa	External agricultural inputs, such as pesticides, may pose risks to aquatic ecosystems and affect aquatic populations, communities and ecosystems. To predict these risks, a tiered approach was followed, incorporating both the PRIMET and PERPEST models. The first-tier PRIMET model is designed to yield a relatively worst-case risk assessment requiring a minimum of input data, after which the effects of the risks can be refined using a higher tier PERPEST model. The risk assessment initially depends on data supplied from local landowners, pesticide characteristic, application scheme and physical scenario of the environment under question. Preliminary results are presented, together with ecotoxicological data on several frequently-used pesticides in a section of the Crocodile (west) Marico Water Management Area (WMA) in South Africa. This area is historically known to have a high pesticide usage, with deltamethrin, aldicarb, parathion, cypermethrin and dichlorvos being the main pesticides used. Deltamethrin was indicated as having the highest probability of risks to aquatic organisms occurring in the study area. Cypermethrin, parathion, dichlorvos, carbaryl, bromoxynil, linuron, methomyl and aldicarb were all indicated as having possible risks (ETR 1-100) to the aquatic environment. Pesticides posing no risk included fenamiphos, abamectin, pendimethalin, captan, endosulfan, alachlor, bentazone and cyromazine (ETR<1). The pesticides posing a possible risk to the aquatic ecosystem were evaluated further to determine their effects on 8 grouped endpoints using the PERPEST effect model. Deltamethrin and cypermethrin were again noted as posing the greatest risk and clear effects were eminent for aquatic insects and macro-crustaceans, followed by micro-crustaceans and rotifers. High percentages of clear effects on insects were also observed for carbaryl, parathion and dichlorvos. Linuron was indicated as having minimal clear effects on community metabolism, macrophytes and phytoplankton classes, while lesser clear effects of bromoxynil occurred on periphyton communities. Application of both the lower-tier PRIMET and higher-tier PERPEST models showed similar trends in that they both ranked the top 5 pesticides in the same order of risk. This approach offers a significant improvement over the presently-used simulation models or use of safety factors. It is therefore especially useful in developing countries such as South Africa, where pesticide environmental risk information is scarce. Although these models were effectively used in this study, it still has to be validated further under South African conditions.	Aquatic ecosystem; Pesticides; Risk-assessment model	Agricultural chemicals; Aquaculture; Biochemistry; Catchments; Developing countries; Ecology; Ecosystems; Environmental impact; Herbicides; Insecticides; Pesticides; Population statistics; Probability; Risk management; Risks; Safety factor; Water management; Abamectin; Alachlor; Aldicarb; Application schemes; Aquatic ecosystem; Aquatic ecosystems; Aquatic environments; Aquatic insects; Aquatic organisms; Bentazone; Bromoxynil; Carbaryl; Cypermethrin; Deltamethrin; Dichlorvos; Ecotoxicological; Effect models; Endosulfan; Environmental risks; External-; Fenamiphos; Input datums; Linuron; Macrophytes; Methomyl; Pendimethalin; Periphyton communities; Probabilistic risk assessments; Simulation models; South Africa; Study areas; Tiered approaches; Risk assessment; aquatic ecosystem; catchment; ecotoxicology; environmental impact; environmental risk; metabolism; pesticide; risk assessment; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Alligator; Crustacea; Hexapoda; Rotifera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954826741	Comparative performance of light trap types, lunar influence and sandfly abundance in Baringo district, Kenya	Kasili S., Ngumbi P.M., Koka H., Ngere F.G., Kioko E., Odemba N., Kutima H.L.	2010	Journal of Vector Borne Diseases	47	2	None	Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya; US Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Zoology, Nairobi, Kenya	Kasili, S., Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya; Ngumbi, P.M., Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya; Koka, H., US Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Ngere, F.G., US Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Kioko, E., US Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Odemba, N., US Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Kutima, H.L., Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Zoology, Nairobi, Kenya	[No abstract available]	None	animal trapping; arthropod community; article; controlled study; female; insect society; intermethod comparison; Kenya; moon; nonhuman; Phlebotomus; Phlebotomus duboscqi; phlebotomus martini; photoactivation; Psychodidae; Sergentomyia schwetzi; species distribution; species diversity; species identification; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Female; Kenya; Light; Male; Moon; Psychodidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864054602	An evaluation of a family support programme in the southern Free State ['n evaluasie van'n gesinsondersteuningsprogram in die Suid-Vrystaat]	Marais J.G.L., Ingle M.K., Skinner D., Sigenu K.	2012	Acta Academica	44	1	None	Centre for Development Support, University of the Free State, P O Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Unit for Research on Health and Society, University of Stellenbosch, P O Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa	Marais, J.G.L., Centre for Development Support, University of the Free State, P O Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Ingle, M.K., Centre for Development Support, University of the Free State, P O Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Skinner, D., Unit for Research on Health and Society, University of Stellenbosch, P O Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Sigenu, K., Centre for Development Support, University of the Free State, P O Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	This article details the evaluation of an NGO Family Support Programme (FSP) that was implemented in the southern Free State's Kopanong local municipality. The FSP is primarily aimed at strengthening Early Childhood Development (ECD) in what is a very socio-economically deprived environment for small children. The article argues for the critical importance of ECD within the human development paradigm. It then reports on the actual FSP assessment and advances a number of recommendations for how the initiative could be bolstered. It concludes that the FSP methodology is sound in principle and that it warrants replication at scale. © UV/UFS.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33847779261	Technologies that contribute to reducing environmental impacts of electrical production	Kahn M.T.E., Fritz W.	2006	Journal of Energy in Southern Africa	17	4	None	Centre for Distributed Power Electronic Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa; Department of Electrical Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa	Kahn, M.T.E., Centre for Distributed Power Electronic Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa; Fritz, W., Department of Electrical Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa	The World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) was attended by approximately 21 000 international delegates in Johannesburg, South Africa in 2002. The aim was to institute ecologically sound environmental management. Research has shown that fossil fuel or coal fired power plants are the major cause of air pollution in electricity generation. This paper seeks to show technologies that can contribute to reducing the environmental impacts of electricity production, via emission control systems, industry energy policy, renewable energy technologies etc. and the promotion of active research and development in alternative energy applications in Africa. Innovative energy technology research and development and applications such as smaller scale distributed generation and solid state lighting (SSL) are seen as capable of adding a positive contribution in this area.	Electrical production; Energy consumption; Energy technology; Environmental impacts; Research and development	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928669397	Synthesis and evaluation of antimicrobial properties of AZO dyes	Kofie W., Dzidzoramengor C., Adosraku R.K.	2015	International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences	7	4	None	Centre for Drug Design and Development, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Kofie, W., Centre for Drug Design and Development, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Dzidzoramengor, C., Centre for Drug Design and Development, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Adosraku, R.K., Centre for Drug Design and Development, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Objective: To synthesizeazo dyesand evaluate their antimicrobial potential. Methods: A number of azo compounds were synthesized via diazotization of primary aromatic amine and subsequent coupling with naphthols or other coupling partners. The antimicrobial properties of these azo compounds were determined against six microbial species; Staphylococcus aureus(ATCC25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC10231), Mycobacterium smegmatis (clinical strain), Micrococcus luteus(ATCC10240), Pseudomonas aureginosa (ATCC 9027) and the fungusCandida albicans(ATCC10231) using the Kirby-Bauer Standard disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC)were also determined for those compounds that exhibited antimicrobial activity. Results: Two of the azo compounds showed inhibition against microbial agents, with p-NAαN in particular exhibiting very good antimicrobial properties. However, Pseudomonas aureginosa (ATCC 9027) was resistant against all the azo compounds. Conclusion: p-NAαN showed broad spectrum of activity againstStaphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Micrococcus luteusand the fungal species Candida albicans, with p-ABAαN exhibiting activity against Candida albicans. © 2015, International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science. All rights reserved.	Antimicrobial; Azo; Diazotization; Disc diffusion method; Minimum inhibition concentration	azo dye; antimicrobial activity; Article; Candida albicans; controlled study; cross coupling reaction; diazotization; disk diffusion; drug synthesis; Escherichia coli; Micrococcus luteus; minimum inhibitory concentration; Mycobacterium smegmatis; nonhuman; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; thin layer chromatography	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883548202	Development and evaluation of the Primary Healthcare-based Physiotherapy Intervention and its effects on selected indices of stroke recovery	Olaleye O., Hamzat T., Owolabi M.	2013	International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation	20	9	None	Department of Physiotherapy, College Of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine, University Of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Olaleye, O., Department of Physiotherapy, College Of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Hamzat, T., Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine, University Of Ibadan, Nigeria; Owolabi, M., Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Aim: To develop a Primary Healthcare-Based Physiotherapy Intervention (PHCPI) that requires simple, inexpensive, easy-to-use equipment for stroke rehabilitation and evaluate its effects on selected clinical indices of recovery among post-acute stroke survivors over a 10-week period. Methods: Three databases (Medline, Pubmed and PEDro) were used to identify treatment approaches with proven efficacy. The authors synthesised these treatment approaches to develop the PHCPI, which was used in a repeated measure design involving 25 (mean age=60.6 ± 10.2 years) consenting individuals with first-incidence stroke. These individuals were treated at a primary health centre, twice weekly for 10 consecutive weeks. Outcomes were assessed using the Modified Motor Assessment Scale (MMAS), the Short Form Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (SF-PASS) and the Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNLI), before the intervention and fortnightly thereafter. Walking speed and quality of life were also assessed before the intervention and at week 10 of it. Results: Within-subject multivariate analysis, after controlling for gender, showed a significant increase in motor function, postural balance, walking speed and quality of life. Their community reintegration scores also improved over the period. Conclusion: The PHCPI resulted in improved motor function, community reintegration, walking speed, postural balance and quality of life among community-dwelling stroke survivors. This intervention can be used for stroke rehabilitation at primary health centres.	Physiotherapy intervention; Primary health care; Rehabilitation; Stroke	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939428673	Solar water heater contribution to energy savings in higher education institutions: Impact analysis	Popoola O.M., Burnier C.	2014	Journal of Energy in Southern Africa	25	1	None	Centre for Energy and Electric Power, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; ESIEE, Amiens, France; French South Africa Institute of Technology, South Africa	Popoola, O.M., Centre for Energy and Electric Power, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Burnier, C., ESIEE, Amiens, France, French South Africa Institute of Technology, South Africa	This paper focuses on the impact of Solar Water Heaters (SWH) at a higher institution of learning. An energy audit was conducted for the evaluation of the energy conservation measure: energy conoduction Energy is a key element in the development of any country or institution; as a result any shortage in energy will have a serious effect on the economy and social aspect of such country or institution. South Africa has, in recent years, experienced high economic growth as well as a rapid expansion in the elsumption analysis, correlation of consumption with weather; financial criteria, payback period and needed solar heater system (SWH) to determine the energy that may be termed as wastage or can be saved. The method of investigation includes assessment of the hot water usage within the institution campus and residencies, analysis of bills, metering and development of a software model for the analysis of energy use, system needed and environmental variables. This renewable measure (SWH) showed a high potential of energy and financial savings for higher education institutions especially those with residences.	Energy; Software development and validation; Solar water heater	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937032833	The optical design and performance of a concentrator photovoltaic module	Schultz R.D., van Dyk E.E., Vorster F.J.	2015	Journal of Energy in Southern Africa	26	2	None	Centre for Energy Research, Department of Physics, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa	Schultz, R.D., Centre for Energy Research, Department of Physics, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; van Dyk, E.E., Centre for Energy Research, Department of Physics, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Vorster, F.J., Centre for Energy Research, Department of Physics, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa	Concentration photovoltaic (CPV) modules promise a more efficient, higher power output than traditional photovoltaic modules. This is achieved by concentrating sunlight onto a small 1 cm2 concentrator triple-junction (CTJ) InGaP/InGaAs/Ge cell by using high quality precision optics. In order to achieve high energy performance and reliability, well thought-out design decisions must be made in the development of a CPV module. This paper investigates the design of two CPV modules (Module I and II), which are based on the Sandia III Baseline Fresnel module. The investigation concentrated on the effect of the optimization of the optical design on the electrical performance characteristics of CTJ cells with good thermal dissipation. The best performance achieved by Module I was at 336 times operational concentration (Xo), which produced a Pmax of 10.29 W per cell, with cell and module efficiencies of 39% and 24%, respectively. In the development of the second module (Module II) pre-deployment criteria such as the CTJ cell and system components characteristics was used to eliminate faulty components from the system what was observed in Module I. Cell units that were optimized in Module II showed no form of degradation in their Current-Voltage (I-V) characteristics. The cell unit operating under optical misalignment showed a progressive degradation with long term operation in the field.	Concentrated triple junction cells; Concentrator photovoltaics; Degradation; Efficiency	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954222893	The impact of water quality on informally-declared heritage sites: A preliminary study	Vos A.T., Cawood S.	2010	Water SA	36	2	None	Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Centre for Africa Studies, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Vos, A.T., Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Cawood, S., Centre for Africa Studies, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	The current study is an attempt to gauge the impact of water quality on 2 sacred sites in the eastern Free State, Mautse and Motouleng, which are informally-declared heritage sites, as well as the consequent implications for matters of living heritage as pertaining to the specific sites. The informally-constituted communities at the sacred sites are dependent on freshwater sources where water use, sanitation and waste disposal are unmanaged activities. The sustainability of informally-declared heritage sites may be uncertain due to factors relating to water quality. Water samples were collected for physical, chemical and biological analyses. The latter comprised algal and bacterial analyses which included testing for concentrations of faecal coliforms, where concentrations above 20 cfu/100 mℓ indicates a significant risk of infectious disease transmission (domestic use) and concentrations above 200 cfu/100 mℓ points to a significant infection risk for young livestock. Water quality is discussed in terms of human, animal and ecological risk, which may threaten the heritage and the economic subsistence based on the heritage at both sites.	Faecal coliforms; Heritage; Informally-declared heritage sites; Water quality	Bacterial analysis; Biological analysis; Domestic use; Ecological risks; Faecal coliforms; Free state; Freshwater sources; Heritage; Heritage sites; Infectious disease; Specific sites; Water samples; Water use; Agriculture; Waste disposal; Water quality; Water supply; Water pollution; biological analysis; disease transmission; environmental risk; fecal coliform; heritage conservation; infectious disease; physicochemical property; risk factor; sanitation; subsistence; sustainability; waste disposal; water quality; water use; Free State; South Africa; algae; Animalia; Bacteria (microorganisms)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650143643	Impact of climate variability on tomato production in Limpopo province, South Africa	Tshiala M.F., Olwoch J.M.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	21	None	Centre for Environmental Studies and Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Tshiala, M.F., Centre for Environmental Studies and Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Olwoch, J.M., Centre for Environmental Studies and Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	The relationship between tomato production, monthly average temperature and seasonal average temperature in Limpopo province, South Africa during the period of 1971 - 2006 were investigated using statistical regression analysis methods. The motivation for selecting Limpopo in this study lies in the 66% tomato contribution to the tomato industry in South Africa. The results showed yearly peak values of tomato in the range of 200 000 - 228 000 tons from year 2000 to 2006. In this study, we analyzed the correlation of tomato records in Limpopo with climatic variables in order to assess the climate change effects of tomato production and food security in South Africa. Our results show that tomato yield increased by a factor of two from 1971 to 2006. Particularly, during autumn, spring, summer and winter, tomato yield increased by a factor of two respectively. It is noteworthy that the majority of months registered positive trends in tomato production, except February and June. These could be attributed to the application of robust farming practices and improved technology over the same period. However, from the trend analysis, results demonstrate that there are possible negative impacts of climate change on crop yield, especially on farmers without advanced technology and good modern agricultural practices. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Climate change; Climate variability; Limpopo; South Africa; Temperature; Tomato production	Lycopersicon esculentum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955025949	Finding the best fit: The adaptation and translation of the performance indicators for primary schools for the South African context	Archer E., Scherman V., Robert C., Howie S.J.	2010	Perspectives in Education	28	1	None	Centre for Evaluation and Assessment, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Curriculum Evaluation and Management Centre, University of Durham, United Kingdom	Archer, E., Centre for Evaluation and Assessment, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Scherman, V., Centre for Evaluation and Assessment, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Robert, C., Curriculum Evaluation and Management Centre, University of Durham, United Kingdom; Howie, S.J., Centre for Evaluation and Assessment, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Reform and improvement are imperative in the current South African education system. Monitoring of school and learner achievement is an essential for establishing praxis for school improvement. Diversity of culture and South Africa's 11 official languages make it difficult to develop valid monitoring systems. Limited resources, time constraints and the need to redress neglect of large portions of the education infrastructure from the apartheid era make it problematic to develop new monitoring systems for all official languages. Adaptation and translation of existing international monitoring instruments provide alternative solutions to developing new monitoring systems. Adaptation and translation of existing instruments is a daunting process, which balances statistical analysis, translation processes and user and expert evaluations. We investigate how to balance these different processes in order to create an instrument that provides valid data for educational decisions. The processes utilised in the adaptation and translation of the vocabulary subtest of the Performance Indicators for Primary Schools (PIPS) test for the South African context are used to illustrate the complex interplay between user and expert input as well as psychometric rigour. It is hoped this paper will contribute to the development of the necessary instrument adaptation skills in South Africa.	Expert and user collaboration; Instrument adaptation and contextualisation; Rasch analysis; Translation of assessment instruments	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954069396	Impact of care and social support on wellbeing among people living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria	Adedimeji A.A., Alawode O.O., Odutolu O.	2010	Iranian Journal of Public Health	39	2	None	Centre for Global Health, University of Dublin Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland; Dept. of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom; Live Vanguards, Osogbo, Nigeria and World Bank Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria	Adedimeji, A.A., Centre for Global Health, University of Dublin Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland; Alawode, O.O., Dept. of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom; Odutolu, O., Live Vanguards, Osogbo, Nigeria and World Bank Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria	Background: Availability of antiretroviral therapies has transformed AIDS into a manageable chronic condition and improved well-being among people living with HIV/AIDS (PHA) in developed countries. In developing countries however, such transformations are yet to occur due to socio-economic, systemic and environmental constraint. This study examined the impact of social, economic, psychological and environmental factors on health and wellbeing among PHA living in southwest Nigeria. Methods: Using qualitative participatory methodology, 50 HIV positive people, 8 health personnel and 32 care providers were interviewed to explore how care and social support affect wellbeing among PHA in view of constraints to accessing antiretroviral drugs. Analysis of data used the grounded theory (GT) approach to identify themes, which are considered crucial to the wellbeing of PHA. Results: The findings highlight several factors, apart from antiretroviral drugs, that impact the wellbeing of PHA in southwest Nigeria. These include concerns about deteriorating physical health, family and children's welfare, pervasive stigma, financial pressures and systemic failures relating to care among others. We describe how psychosocial and social support structures can considerably contribute to improving health outcomes among them because of how they affect the functioning of immune system, self-care activities and other illness behaviours. Conclusion: We recommend that interventions should address the psychosocial, socio-economic and other systemic issues that negatively influence the wellbeing of PHA and governments need to strengthen the policy environment that empowers PHA support groups.	Care support; HIV/AIDS; Nigeria; Social support	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650099709	Can disease control priorities improve health systems performance in South Africa?	Rispel L.C., Barron P.	2010	South African Medical Journal	100	12	None	Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Rispel, L.C., Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Barron, P., Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; article; cost effectiveness analysis; disease control; health care access; health care cost; health care delivery; health care disparity; health care financing; health care personnel management; health care quality; health care system; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; medical information; performance measurement system; primary health care; South Africa; tuberculosis; Delivery of Health Care; Government Programs; Humans; Medical Assistance; Quality of Health Care; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953731552	The evaluation of bedside teachingan instrument for staff evaluation and student experience: A pilot study at a South African university	Green-Thompson L., Mcinerney P., Veller M.	2010	South African Journal of Surgery	48	2	None	Centre for Health Science Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa	Green-Thompson, L., Centre for Health Science Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mcinerney, P., Centre for Health Science Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Veller, M., Department of Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa	Background. Bedside teaching is the core teaching strategy in the clinical study years of the medical undergraduate degree at the University of the Witwatersrand. The quality of this teaching strategy has not been formally evaluated by students as other teaching strategies have been. Method. A quantitative, descriptive study was undertaken in the final year of study of the graduate entry medical programme (GEMP). The sample comprised medical students who were completing their surgical block during September and November 2008. There were approximately 30 students in each of these 2 blocks. A bedside teaching evaluation questionnaire was developed, based on previously validated peer review questionnaires used in evaluating small group formal classroom-based lectures. The purpose of the study was to determine the reliability of the instrument for evaluating bedside teaching. Results. A sample of 112 evaluations was obtained and the constructs and sub-constructs were subjected to an analysis using Cronbach's alpha. Conclusion. The overall Cronbach's alpha was 0.9627, demonstrating that the instrument is reliable and can be used to evaluate bedside teaching.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955108129	The impact of burnout on the intention to quit among professional nurses in the Free State region - A national crisis?	Pienaar J.W., Bester C.L.	2011	South African Journal of Psychology	41	1	None	Centre for Health Systems Research and Development, Department of Industrial Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Pienaar, J.W., Centre for Health Systems Research and Development, Department of Industrial Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Bester, C.L., Centre for Health Systems Research and Development, Department of Industrial Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Thousands of qualified nurses leave the South African health sector on an annual basis owing to various reasons, including burnout. Research showed that demanding work circumstances could influence employees to consider whether to leave an organisation or not. The aim of this study was to determine the level of burnout among professional nurses and to explore the potential impact of burnout on the intention to quit/change. The sample consisted of 563 professional nurses representing 140 clinics located in five health districts in the Free State region. A total of 542 (97%) questionnaires were completed and returned. Participants in the study were predominantly black (83.8%), female (89.3%), day-shift working (89.8%) and full-time employed (99.8%). The measuring tools included a biographical questionnaire, Maslach's Burnout Inventory to determine the level of burnout of professional nurses, and an Intention to Quit/Change questionnaire. Analysis of variance was used to determine differences regarding burnout between different groups with varying degrees of intention to quit/change. Respondents exhibited high levels of Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization and average levels of Personal Accomplishment. Respondents with the highest levels of Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization and the lowest levels of Personal Accomplishment displayed a higher degree of intention to quit/change. © Psychological Society of South Africa. All rights reserved.	Burnout; Free state; HIV; Intention to quit; Professional nurses; Stress	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883196648	Measuring the impact of academic development courses in first- and second-year chemistry	Smith L.C.	2013	South African Journal of Chemistry	66	None	None	Centre for Higher Education Development, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Smith, L.C., Centre for Higher Education Development, University of Cape Town, South Africa	This paper uses multivariate analysis to estimate the impact of educational interventions in the first-year academic development chemistry courses on students' final course marks. The cohorts for seven years are pooled, which generates a more robust set of results than was previously the case. To counter the sample-selection problem that arises as academic development students are placed onto the academic development programme, a selection of control variables is included in the estimations. The results suggest that the educational interventions in the first year had a positive impact on academic development students' performance, relative to mainstream students, in both the first- and second-year courses. The implications of the results for education policy and research are considered.	Academic development; Academic performance; Chemistry; Educational interventions; Multivariate analysis; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897471101	Using evaluation as action research: Reflections on teaching practice using Brookfield's four lenses model	Ndebele C.	2014	Anthropologist	17	2	None	Centre for Higher Education Teaching and Learning, University of Venda, P. Bag. X 5050, Thohoyandou, South Africa	Ndebele, C., Centre for Higher Education Teaching and Learning, University of Venda, P. Bag. X 5050, Thohoyandou, South Africa	As one goes about the process of teaching there is need to sit down after every session and take stock of the proceedings with a view to identifying what went well and what might need further improvement Four lenses that teachers could use to critically reflect on their practice are discussed in this article: eliciting evaluation from students, peer evaluation, research and theory and our own autobiographies as learners and teachers. To some extent academics are all prisoners trapped within the perceptual frameworks that determine how they view their experiences and in order to break away from this prison there is need to engage in critical reflection. In this article, through a qualitative analysis of student evaluation data, peer feedback and relevant literature; The researcher shares his reflection on his practice through experimenting with the four lenses at a historically disadvantaged university.What emerged from the reflective exercise is that looking beyond one's own self to others for their views on one's practice does indeed enrich one's knowledge and helps to improve practice. Colleagues, the literature and students can indeed serve as critical mirrors reflecting back to lecturers' images of their actions that often take them by surprise. © Kamla-Raj 2014.	Autobiography; Feedback; Peer review; Relevant literature; Student eyes; Triangulation	None	None
None	None	The ECOWAS court as a human rights promoter? Assessing five years' impact of the Koraou Slavery judgment	Adjolohoun H.S.	2013	Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights	31	3	None	Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Adjolohoun, H.S., Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria, South Africa	The 2005 reform initiated by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) had the double effect of putting an end to ten years of judicial lethargy and positioning its Community Court of Justice (ECCJ) as a promising international human rights body. One of the most illustrative cases of the Court's impact is the landmark Koraou (Slavery) judgment in which the ECCJ condemned Niger for failing to protect the complainant from enslavement by a third party. Five years after the Koraou decision, this paper uses empirical based theories, case study and factual evidence to interrogate whether the ECCJ's judgment has had any further effect than just restoring the dignity of an individual litigant. Such assessment is important to thousands of other human beings who still live in bondage in the rest of the region. Ultimately, the paper seeks to demonstrate that although it has not reached the irradiating model of the European Court of Human Rights, the ECCJ has the potential of becoming a human rights promoter in the region and beyond. © Netherlands Institute of Human Rights (SIM), Printed in the Netherlands.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955643799	The impact of the pandemic influenza a(H1N1) 2009 virus on seasonal influenza a viruses in the southern hemisphere, 2009	Blyth C.C., Kelso A., McPhie K.A., Ratnamohan V.M., Catton M., Druce J.D., Smith D.W., Williams S.H., Huang Q.S., Lopez L., Schoub B.D., Venter M., Dwyer D.E.	2010	Eurosurveillance	15	31	None	Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Princess Margaret Hospital, Subiaco, WA, Australia; World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), North Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), North Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia; World Health Organisation National Influenza Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand; National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa	Blyth, C.C., Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Princess Margaret Hospital, Subiaco, WA, Australia; Kelso, A., World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), North Melbourne, VIC, Australia; McPhie, K.A., Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Ratnamohan, V.M., Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Catton, M., Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), North Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Druce, J.D., Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), North Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Smith, D.W., Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Williams, S.H., Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Huang, Q.S., World Health Organisation National Influenza Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand; Lopez, L., World Health Organisation National Influenza Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand; Schoub, B.D., National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa; Venter, M., National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa; Dwyer, D.E., Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia	Data collected over winter 2009 by five World Health Organisation National Influenza Centres in the southern hemisphere were used to examine the circulation of pandemic and seasonal influenza A strains during the first pandemic wave in the southern hemisphere. There is compelling evidence that the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus significantly displaced seasonal influenza A(H1N1) and, to a lesser extent, A(H3N2) viruses circulating in the southern hemisphere. Complete replacement of seasonal influenza A strains, however, was not observed during the first pandemic wave.	None	2009 H1N1 influenza; article; disease course; disease surveillance; human; infection prevention; Influenza virus A H3N2; nonhuman; pandemic influenza; prevalence; seasonal influenza; Southern Hemisphere; virus detection; virus strain; Geography; Humans; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype; Influenza, Human; Pandemics; Seasons; World Health Organization	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956282885	Impact of the internet on final year students' research: A case study of Covenant university, Ota, Nigeria	Ilo P.I., Ifijeh G.I.	2010	Library Philosophy and Practice	2010	JUL	None	Centre For Learning Resources, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria	Ilo, P.I., Centre For Learning Resources, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria; Ifijeh, G.I., Centre For Learning Resources, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria	[No abstract available]	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-26444506326	Monitoring and evaluation for social development: A case for social work in South Africa	Noyoo N.	2005	Social Work	41	3	None	Centre for Social Development in Africa, Department of Social Work, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa	Noyoo, N., Centre for Social Development in Africa, Department of Social Work, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa	This paper discusses the processes of monitoring and evaluation, and argues for its centrality in the sphere of social development. In the discussion the need for social workers to play leading roles in executing these processes for a post-apartheid socio-economic and political context is also illuminated.	None	post-apartheid; social development; social work; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; World	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33747104303	The effect of Cirina forda larva meal in rabbit diets on performance, carcass quality and nutrient digestibility	Oluremi O.I.A., Bogbenda M., Mkah T.P.	2006	Livestock Research for Rural Development	18	7	None	Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi,Benue State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production, College of Animal Science, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi,Benue State, Niger	Oluremi, O.I.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi,Benue State, Nigeria; Bogbenda, M., Department of Animal Production, College of Animal Science, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi,Benue State, Nigeria; Mkah, T.P., Department of Animal Production, College of Animal Science, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi,Benue State, Nigeria	A ten-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the nutritive potential of Cirina forda larva meal (CFLM) as an animal protein concentrate in rabbit feeding by evaluating growth response, carcass quality and nutrient digestibility. Twenty mixed breed weaner rabbits between 9-11 weeks of age were assigned randomly in groups of five to control diet (CD) and three other diets TD2.5, TD5.0 and TD7.5 containing 2.5. 5.0 and 7.5% CFLM. Rabbit had unrestricted access to drinking water and their respective diets. Diets had significant effects (p&lt;0.01) on feed intake, water consumption and live body weight (LBW). The coefficient of nutrient digestibility, and carcass, visceral and offal indices did not have significant variations (p&gt;0.05) except the forelimb (p&lt;0.05). Rabbit became heavier as feed intake decreased at higher CFLM dietary inclusion, which is an indication of improved feed conversion. The study has shown that CFLM can be used in compounding diets for grower rabbit at 7.5% level of inclusion.	Carcass quality; Cirina forda larva meal; Digestibility; Performance; Rabbit	Animalia; Cirina forda; Oryctolagus cuniculus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-68149118879	Impact of the International Rugby Board's experimental law variations on the incidence and nature of match injuries in southern hemisphere professional rugby union	Fuller C.W., Raftery M., Readhead C., Targett S.G.R., Molloy M.G.	2009	South African Medical Journal	99	4	None	Centre for Sports Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Australian Rugby Union, Sydney, NSW, Australia; South African Rugby Union, Newlands, Cape Town, South Africa; New Zealand Rugby Union, Wellington, New Zealand; International Rugby Board, Dublin, Ireland	Fuller, C.W., Centre for Sports Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Raftery, M., Australian Rugby Union, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Readhead, C., South African Rugby Union, Newlands, Cape Town, South Africa; Targett, S.G.R., New Zealand Rugby Union, Wellington, New Zealand; Molloy, M.G., International Rugby Board, Dublin, Ireland	Objective. To examine the epidemiology of match injuries in southern hemisphere professional rugby union and assess the impact of the International Rugby Board (IRB) Experimental Law Variations. Setting. One-season whole population prospective cohort. Subjects. Twenty-seven teams (813 players) taking part in the 2008 Super 14 and Vodacom Cup competitions. Outcome measures. Incidence, severity, location, type and cause of injury. Results. The incidence in the Super 14 competition (96.3 injuries/1 000 player-match hours; 95% confidence interval (CI) 69.0 - 111.7) was significantly higher (p=0.003) than that in the Vodacom Cup (71.2; CI 60.0 - 84.5); injury severity was significantly lower (p<0.001) in the Super 14 (mean 13.4 days; median 5) than the Vodacom Cup (mean 21.2; median 12). There were no significant differences between the two competitions in type or location of injury: lower limb muscle/tendon (Super 14: 27.8%; Vodacom Cup: 25.7%) and joint (non-bone)/ligament (Super 14: 18.8%; Vodacom Cup: 24.3%) were the most common injuries. Injury causation was similar for the two competitions but there were significantly fewer ruck/maul (p=0.001) and more tackled (p=0.010) injuries in Super 14 compared with English Premiership rugby and fewer collision (p=0.002) and more tackling (p<0.001) injuries compared with Rugby World Cup. In the Vodacom Cup, there were significantly more tackling (p<0.001) injuries compared with Rugby World Cup. Conclusion. The incidence, nature and causes of injuries in southern hemisphere professional club rugby played under IRB Experimental Law Variations were similar to those for professional club rugby in the northern hemisphere and Rugby World Cup played under the previous Laws of Rugby.	None	adult; article; athlete; competition; controlled study; human; incidence; injury severity; joint injury; leg muscle; ligament injury; major clinical study; rugby; sport injury; sporting event; tendon injury; athletic performance; Australia; cohort analysis; football; injury; legal aspect; male; New Zealand; South Africa; standard; Adult; Athletic Injuries; Athletic Performance; Australia; Cohort Studies; Football; Humans; Incidence; Male; New Zealand; South Africa; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920997858	Perceptions of the impact of board members' individual perspectives on the social and environmental performance of companies	Stacey J., Stacey A.	2014	Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy	114	11	None	Centre for Sustainability in Mining and Industry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Stacey, J., Centre for Sustainability in Mining and Industry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Stacey, A., University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Large mining companies generally follow the distributed ownership corporate model, with a board of directors responsible for decisions that affect both shareholder value and stakeholders of the company. The board is simultaneously responsible for setting the culture and values of the corporation, which drive performance and priorities. Companies listed on the Johannesburg Securities Exchange (JSE) commit to sustainable development in various ways, either by virtue of implementing the King Code of Governance 2009 (King III) and/or through their own public reporting on social and environmental matters. Many mining companies make public statements regarding their support for environmental stewardship, ethical behaviour, and fair treatment of communities. It is a local, regional, and indeed, global phenomenon that companies fail to deliver on these statements. Research was carried out through the Institute of Directors of Southern Africa in 2007, and followed up in 2012, regarding directors' understanding of sustainable development issues, the relative priorities, what is needed for 'radical change' to effect sustainable development, and what enables or constrains the latter. Pertinent findings of both surveys are presented in this paper, and it is suggested that 'on-the-ground' performance may be indicative of the nature of leadership and decisions in the topmost ranks of the company. The results indicated that environmental concerns fall consistently below social issues. Financial capital ranked most important, and while environmental issues are recognized as being of strategic concern for the long-term, they ranked as being the lowest importance of all 'Five Capitals' (Financial, Manufactured, Social, Human, and Natural). Social capital ranked second lowest, with black economic empowerment being the only high-priority social issue. There is also evidence that certain companies within the mining sector fail to recognize their absolute dependence on natural resources. Much is made in academic and popular literature of the need for a new type of leadership for the radical shift to sustainable development: at company level this implies therefore a new type of director. The research found that only 14 per cent of directors felt that board decisions are consistent with their personal values; while intentions are strong to behave ethically and serve sustainable development, actions to give effect to these intentions lag significantly. Respondents indicated that the top impediments to courageous leadership for sustainable development related to personal issues of maintaining the image of being a director, fear of appearing weak, fear of being a lone voice, and bowing to board-colleague peer pressure. © The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2014.	Courageous leadership; Decision-making; Personal values; Self-awareness; Sustainable development priorities; Sustainable outcomes	Decision making; Environmental management; Planning; Shareholders; Social aspects; Black economic empowerments; Courageous leadership; Environmental concerns; Environmental stewardship; Personal values; Self awareness; Social and environmental; Sustainable outcomes; Sustainable development	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84951171560	Development and comparative study of effects of training algorithms on performance of artificial neural network based analog and digital automatic modulation recognition	Popoola J.J., Van Olst R.	2015	Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review	8	4	None	Centre for Telecommunications Access and Services, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of The Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Ondo State, Akure, Nigeria	Popoola, J.J., Centre for Telecommunications Access and Services, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of The Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg, South Africa; Van Olst, R., Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Ondo State, Akure, Nigeria	This paper proposes two new classifiers that automatically recognise twelve combined analog and digital modulated signals without any a priori knowledge of the modulation schemes and the modulation parameters. The classifiers are developed using pattern recognition approach. Feature keys extracted from the instantaneous amplitude, instantaneous phase and the spectrum symmetry of the simulated signals are used as inputs to the artificial neural network employed in developing the classifiers. The two developed classifiers are trained using scaled conjugate gradient (SCG) and conjugate gradient (CONJGRAD) training algorithms. Sample results of the two classifiers show good success recognition performance with an average overall recognition rate above 99.50% at signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) value from 0 dB and above with the two training algorithms employed and an average overall recognition rate slightly above 99.00% and 96.40% respectively at-5 dB SNR value for SCG and CONJGRAD training algorithms. The comparative performance evaluation of the two developed classifiers using the two training algorithms shows that the two training algorithms have different effects on both the response rate and efficiency of the two developed artificial neural networks classifiers. In addition, the result of the performance evaluation carried out on the overall success recognition rates between the two developed classifiers in this study using pattern recognition approach with the two training algorithms and one reported classifier in surveyed literature using decision-theoretic approach shows that the classifiers developed in this study perform favourably with regard to accuracy and performance probability as compared to classifier presented in previous study. © 2015 Kavala Institute of Technology.	AMR development approaches; Artificial neural networks classification; Automatic modulation recognition (AMR); Modulation recognition families	Algorithms; Amplitude modulation; Conjugate gradient method; Neural networks; Pattern recognition; Signal to noise ratio; Surveys; Automatic modulation recognition; Comparative performance; Decision theoretic approach; Development approach; Instantaneous amplitude; Modulation recognition; Neural networks classifiers; Scaled conjugate gradients; Modulation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856357730	Assessing the suitability and efficiency of high performance liquid chromatography instrument - A new aproach	Affum A.O., Gyan B.	2011	International Journal of Chemical Sciences	9	4	None	Chemistry Department, National Nuclear Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Immunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Affum, A.O., Chemistry Department, National Nuclear Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Gyan, B., Immunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana	A unique, cheap, precise and a simple analytical instrument qualification (AIQ) method was developed for a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) by using hypoxanthine, a universal nucleobase. This method could be used to determine the suitability of any HPLC that will be used for biomedical, environmental and food sample analysis. The volumetric flow of the mobile phase delivered by the pumps was consistent for given flow rate, with percent relative standard deviation (RSD %) of ± 0.05 % for pump A and B. The hypoxanthine calibration curve for the combined HPLC components in 1% acetonitrile and 0.05 M ammonium phosphate buffer at pH 6, as mobile phase was linear over a concentration range of 4 μM to 20 μM. A correlation coefficient of 0.95 and a sensitivity of 1824.2 AU/μM was obtained. A log-log analysis of the hypoxanthine calibration curve was linear. Column efficiency determined from toluene and biphenyl in 90: 10 % (v/v) methanol/water mixtures at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. was comparable to the results obtained by the manufacturer. In conclusion, it was determined that the HPLC instrument operated within the manufacturer specified and user approved parameters.	Analytical instrument qualification (AIQ); Calibration; Column efficiency; Flow rate; High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); Hypoxanthine; Spectrophotometer	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846473188	Hydrologic and hydraulic modelling of the Nyl River floodplain Part 3: Applications to assess ecological impact	Kleynhans M.T., James C.S., Birkhead A.L.	2007	Water SA	33	1	None	Centre for Water in the Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Streamflow Solutions cc, East London, South Africa	Kleynhans, M.T., Centre for Water in the Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; James, C.S., Centre for Water in the Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Birkhead, A.L., Streamflow Solutions cc, East London, South Africa	The ecological functioning of the Nyl River floodplain in the Limpopo Province of South Africa depends on water supplied by catchments which are experiencing continuing water resource development. Hydrological and hydraulic models have been produced to assist in future planning by simulating the effects of developments on ecologically relevant flooding characteristics. The models are applied here to predict the impacts of different development scenarios on the areal extent of suitable habitat for a key species, the Wild Rice (Oryza longistaminata), which can be characterised in terms of the depth, duration and timing of flood events. The results show that historical developments in the contributing catchments have already significantly reduced the area suitable for Wild Rice growth, particularly in relatively dry years, and increased the likely dry period between flooding events. Dam construction on one of the tributaries would reduce the suitable area further in dry to average years and increase the inter-event dry period. Careful dam operation could ameliorate impacts in very dry years, however.	Ecohydraulics; Environmental impact; Hydroecology; Nyl River floodplain; Nylsvlei; Nylsvley Nature Reserve; Wetland modelling; Wetlands	Ecology; Environmental impact; Hydraulic models; Hydraulics; Hydrology; Mathematical models; Wetlands; Hydroecology; River floodplain; Wetland modeling; Rivers; Ecology; Environmental impact; Hydraulic models; Hydraulics; Hydrology; Mathematical models; Rivers; Wetlands; assessment method; catchment; dam construction; ecological impact; floodplain; flow modeling; hydraulics; hydrological modeling; resource development; water resource; water supply; Africa; Limpopo; Nyl River; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Oryza longistaminata; Zizania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878453373	The effects of two strategic anthelmintic treatments on goat performance under extensive management in a semi-arid area of South Africa	Bakunzi F.R., Motsei L.E., Nyirenda M., Ndou R.V., Mwanza M.	2013	Life Science Journal	10	2	None	Centre of Animal Health Studies, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa	Bakunzi, F.R., Centre of Animal Health Studies, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Motsei, L.E., Centre of Animal Health Studies, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Nyirenda, M., Centre of Animal Health Studies, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Ndou, R.V., Centre of Animal Health Studies, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Mwanza, M., Centre of Animal Health Studies, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa	A study was carried out in a semi-arid area of the North West province of South Africa from September 2004 to September 2005 to determine the effects anthelmintic treatment before or during the rains on the performance of 60 indigenous female goats. The performance parameters studied were body weight, packed cell volume and faecal nematode egg output. Anthelmintic treatment of goats before and during the rains significantly reduced faecal egg output, and improved body weight and packed cell volume. Overall, anthelmintic treatment before the rains was equal to or better for all the three performance parameters when compared to treatment during the rains. Both treatments yielded better performance in comparison to the control.	Anthelmintic treatment; Goat production; Semi-arid area; Strategic control	Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862965932	Environmental impacts of electric vehicles in South Africa	Liu X., Hildebrandt D., Glasser D.	2012	South African Journal of Science	108	42371	None	Centre of Material and Process Synthesis, School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Liu, X., Centre of Material and Process Synthesis, School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Hildebrandt, D., Centre of Material and Process Synthesis, School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Glasser, D., Centre of Material and Process Synthesis, School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Electric vehicles have been seen by some policymakers as a tool to target reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. 1,2 Some researchers have shown that the full environmental impact of electric vehicles depends very much on the cleanliness of the electricity grid. 3 In countries such as the USA and China, where coal-fired power plants still play a very important role in electricity generation, the environmental impact of electric vehicles is equivalent to, or even higher than that of cars running on internal combustion engines. 4,5 In this study, the environmental impacts of electric vehicles in South Africa were investigated. We found that, as the bulk of South Africa's electricity is generated from relatively low-quality coal and the advanced exhaust clean up technologies are not implemented in the current coal-fired power plants, the use of electric vehicles in South Africa would not help to cut greenhouse gas emissions now (2010) or in the future (in 2030 using the IRP 2010 Revision 2, policy-adjusted IRP scenario), and actually would lead to higher SO x and NO x emissions. © 2012. The Authors.	None	cleanup; coal-fired power plant; electric vehicle; electricity generation; emission control; emission inventory; engine; environmental impact; greenhouse gas; life cycle analysis; nitrogen oxides; policy making; pollution incidence; sulfur compound; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879079917	Evaluating the growth performance of local Kei chickens and their F 1-crosses with Rhode Island Red and Fayoumi breeds in watershed areas of Guraghe administrative zone, southern Ethiopia	Alewi M., Melesse A.	2013	Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems	16	1	None	Debrezeit Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia	Alewi, M., Debrezeit Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Melesse, A., Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia	This study describes the on-farm performance of local Kei chicken and its F1 crosses with Fayoumi and Rhode Island Red (RIR) breeds in Beresa watershed of Guraghe administrative zone, southern Ethiopia. The Kei paternal line was mated with maternal lines of Fayoumi and RIR chickens to produce F1-crosses. Body weight developments and feed intake were determined on weekly basis. Then body weight gain and feed efficiency ratios (FER, weight gain: feed) were calculated. Hatchability was 59.0% and 73.7%, 54.7% for Kei, Fayoumi-crosses and RIR-crosses, respectively. In male chicks, the mean day-old weight ranged from 28.8 to 40.1 g and in female chicks from 26.2 to 35.8 g. The average body weight of matured male and female RIR-crosses was 1682 and 1227 g, respectively. The corresponding values for Fayoumi-crosses were 1310 and 1054 g and that of local Kei 1273 and 987 g. During the brooding period, the average daily feed intake was 25.9, 27.0 and 24.4 g for Kei, Fayoumi-crosses and RIR-crosses, respectively. The mean FER was 0.197, 0.213 and 0.243 g for Kei, Fayoumi-crosses and RIR-crosses, respectively. The average age at sexual maturity for Kei, Fayoumi-crosses and RIR-crosses was 183, 154 and 162 days, respectively. The results of the present study suggest that both F 1-crosses showed a significant improvement in body weight, weight gain and FER under farmers' management condition of the watershed areas suggesting the suitability of both genetic combinations with local Kei chickens for on-farm chicken productivity.	F1-crosses; Farmers' management; Fayoumi chicken; Growth performance; Local Kei chicken; Rhode Island Red chicken	Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941551714	The impact of economic freedom on economic growth in the sadc: An individual component analysis	Gorlach V.I., le Roux P.	2015	Journal for Studies in Economics and Econometrics	39	2	None	CFA, South Africa; Department of Economics, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa	Gorlach, V.I., CFA, South Africa; le Roux, P., Department of Economics, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa	The SADC is attempting to achieve development and economic growth. This paper investigates the relationship between economic freedom - in aggregate and on an individual component basis - on economic growth in the SADC. The annual data for 13 SADC countries from 2000 to 2009 are used to construct a generalised method of moments, dynamic panel-data model. When cross-sectional dependence of the error term, individual- and time-specific effects are controlled, economic freedom and GDP per capita are positively related and freedom Granger-causes growth. Gross fixed capital formation and economic openness are positively related to growth but government consumption expenditure is an insignificant driver of growth in the SADC. All five individual components are highly significant and are positively related to growth; however, the magnitude of the elasticity parameters varies. The causality among the individual freedom components indicates that linkages exist between certain of these components. © 2015, Universiteit Stellenbosch. All rights reserved.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857837922	The world café in South Africa: A case study on improving performance and commitment	Eriaan O., Cady S.H.	2012	Organization Development Journal	30	1	None	ChangeWright Consulting, Johannesburg, South Africa	Eriaan, O., ChangeWright Consulting, Johannesburg, South Africa; Cady, S.H., ChangeWright Consulting, Johannesburg, South Africa	We present a case study based on a body of methodologies within a field referred to as whole system collaboration and change, large-group methods or interventions, and large-scale change. The World Café conversational process was utilized as part of an intervention designed to improve employee commitment and ensure continued effort in a service improvement program at an Information and Communications Technology (ICT) company. We describe the process for evaluating the impact of interventions; and, we report that the intervention appeared to improve an objective measure of performance and positively impact attitudes within the organization.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745164279	Deterministic model for predicting gaseous pollutants concentration: An effective tool for pollution monitoring	Odigure J.O., Aregbesola B.O.	2005	Modelling, Measurement and Control C	66	06-May	None	Chemical Engineering Dept., Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Nigeria	Odigure, J.O., Chemical Engineering Dept., Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Nigeria; Aregbesola, B.O., Chemical Engineering Dept., Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Nigeria	There are various methods by which the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere can be obtained. One of the methods is qualitative analytical technique, which involves the use of various chemical reagents and apparatus. There is no single apparatus for this analysis. A method, which is quicker, is by modelling using known parameters and standard equations. This method although is quicker, cleaner and less laborious, is, however, just an estimate but is suitable for decision-making. This is the focus of this paper. The Fundamental principle of this paper is that the presence of gaseous pollutants in the atmosphere causes disequilibria in the prevailing meteorological condition. This is in accordance with the existing gas law. Therefore prevailing atmospheric pressure, temperature, wind speed and vapour pressure are function of the gaseous constituent concentration in the air. This project is aimed at developing a deterministic model for predicting gaseous pollutants' concentration. The developed model is presented as CPOLLUTANT=exp[- ūPPOLLUTANTΔx/KT3/2 The simulated results for concentration of air pollutants and the daily average of these concentrations were found to be comparable with the experimental results obtained from the various agencies in Nigeria. The proposed model can serve as a tool for predicting overall air pollutants' concentration in projects that require the overall impact of pollution. It is not suitable in case where the concentration of a particular pollutant is required.	Concentration; Mathematical modelling; Pollutants; Simulation	Atmospheric pressure; Computer simulation; Environmental impact; Mathematical models; Numerical methods; Parameter estimation; Air pollutants; Pollutants; Pollution monitoring; Meteorology	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-71949105375	Environmental impacts of Sheba tannery (Ethiopia) effluents on the surrounding water bodies	Gebrekidan A., Gebresellasie G., Mulugeta A.	2009	Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia	23	2	None	Chemistry Department, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekele, Ethiopia	Gebrekidan, A., Chemistry Department, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekele, Ethiopia; Gebresellasie, G., Chemistry Department, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekele, Ethiopia; Mulugeta, A., Chemistry Department, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekele, Ethiopia	The levels of hexavalent chromium from direct and treated Sheba tannery effluents, downstream river and spring water samples and upstream river water samples were determined spectrophotometrically by the s-diphenylcarbazide method at 340 nm. Temporal and representative samples were collected from the untreated tannery effluent (S1), sedimentation pond (S2), chromium oxidation pond (S3), downstream river (S4), downstream spring (S5) and 5 kms upstream river (S6). The mean levels of hexavalent chromium in S1, S2, S 3, S4, S5 and S6 were 10.54, 9.15, 7.82, 0.58, 0.54 and 0.015 mg/L, respectively. The levels of hexavalent chromium in the downstream river and spring water samples exceed the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limit of total chromium in drinking waters (0.05 mg/L) as opposed to the levels in the upstream waters. The increased concentrations of Cr(VI) in the water samples indicate the possible environmental pollution of the downstream water bodies by the Sheba tannery effluents. In view of the toxicity and related environmental hazards, the levels of hexavalent chromium from the Sheba tannery effluents must be reduced to a permissible limit before discharging into the down stream waters being used for domestic purposes by the nearby communities. © 2009 Chemical Society of Ethiopia.	Environmental pollution; Ethiopia; Hexavalent chromium; S-diphenycarbazide; Tannery effluents	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650761334	Evaluation of the effect of temperature on the stability of metal soaps of trichosanthes cucumerina seed oil	Folarin O.M., Enikanoselu O.N.	2010	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	9	10	None	Chemistry Department, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Folarin, O.M., Chemistry Department, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Enikanoselu, O.N., Chemistry Department, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	The thermal behaviour of metal soaps of Trichosanthes cucumerina seed oil at 433, 453 and 473K was investigated and the thermodynamic parameters of the decomposition process determined. The kinetics of the decomposition was studied thermogravimetrically at various temperatures. The rates of the first stage decomposition were used to assess the effect of temperature on the susceptibility of metal soaps of Trichosanthes cucumerina seed oil. The values of rate constant are of the order 10-2min-1 and temperature-dependent. The enthalpy, entropy and free energy of activation for the decomposition of the metal soaps were determined. The thermodynamic values obtained showed that the system is endothermic and that the reaction process is a non-spontaneous one.	Decomposition; Energy of activation; Thermal stability; Thermodynamic parameters	Trichosanthes; Trichosanthes cucumerina	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79956082344	Evaluation of petroleum hydrocarbons in water, fish and plant samples in Degele and Environs in Delta state, Nigeria	Olaji E.D., Edema Clarkson U., Edema Mary O.	2010	Ecology, Environment and Conservation	16	4	None	Chemistry Department, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Olaji, E.D., Chemistry Department, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Edema Clarkson, U., Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Edema Mary, O., Chemistry Department, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	This work measures the total petroleum hydrocarbon in water, fish and plant samples from and around Degele community. Water, fish and plant samples were separately extracted and the extracts examined using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC/FID) after silica gel fractionation. The result of the analysis for water revealed that the mean levels of aliphatic Petroleum Hydrocarbons (PH) in well ranged between 0.004+ 0.002 and 0.004 ± 0.0069 mg/L, pond was between 0.006 ± 0.002 and 0.014 + 0.019 mg/L and the mean river level was 0.008 ± 0.008 mg/L. That of fish ranged between 0.188 + 0.122 and 1.315 + 0.808mg/kg for pond, 0.034 + 0.001mg/kg for the river and plant ranged between 0.044 and 0.079 mg/kg. Mean aromatic PHs in well ranged between 0.002+ 0.002 and 0.004 ± 0.003 mg/L, pond was between (0.001 ± 0.001 and 0.006 + 0.007mg/L and the mean river level was 0.004 ± 0.003 mg/L. That of fish ranged between 0.003 + 0.002 and 0.038 + 0.025mg/kg for pond, 0.019 + 0.001mg/kg for the river and plant ranged between 0.001 and 0.003 mg/kg. The hydrocarbon type was shown to be mainly moderately high molecular weight aromatic and high molecular weight aliphatics. Copyright © Enviromedia.	Fish plant petroleum hydrocarbon; Well-pond-River water	fish; gas chromatography; petroleum hydrocarbon; pH; pond; river water; water level; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874911480	Synthesis, characterisation, docking analysis and biological evaluation of α,α′-bis(p-dimethylaminobenzylidene)-γ- methylcyclohexanone	Shalini S., Girija C.R., Karunakar P., Jotani M.M., Venugopala K.N., Venkatesha T.V.	2013	Indian Journal of Chemistry - Section B Organic and Medicinal Chemistry	52	2	None	Chemistry Research Centre, SSMRV Degree College, 4th 'T' Block, Jayanagar, Bangalore 560 041, India; Department of Biotechnology, PES Institute of Technology, BSK III Stage, Bangalore 560 085, India; Department of Physics, Bhavan's Sheth R. A. College of Science, Khanpur, Ahmedabad 380 001, India; Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Jnana Sahyadri, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta 577 451, India	Shalini, S., Chemistry Research Centre, SSMRV Degree College, 4th 'T' Block, Jayanagar, Bangalore 560 041, India; Girija, C.R., Chemistry Research Centre, SSMRV Degree College, 4th 'T' Block, Jayanagar, Bangalore 560 041, India; Karunakar, P., Department of Biotechnology, PES Institute of Technology, BSK III Stage, Bangalore 560 085, India; Jotani, M.M., Department of Physics, Bhavan's Sheth R. A. College of Science, Khanpur, Ahmedabad 380 001, India; Venugopala, K.N., Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa; Venkatesha, T.V., Department of Chemistry, Jnana Sahyadri, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta 577 451, India	α,α′-bis(p-Dimethylaminobenzylidene)-γ- methylcyclohexanone (BMABMC) C25H30ON2, has been synthesised and characterised by elemental analysis, 1H and 13C NMR, mass spectroscopic techniques and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The single crystal XRD studies of the title compound reveals the presence of C-H⋯O intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions linking inversion-related molecules into a dimer forming a ring of graph set R2 2(22). The antibacterial activitiy of the compound has been screened in vitro against the organisms. To evaluate the inhibition of HIV-1 integrase activity, molecular docking was performed and the study reveals a hydrophobic interaction with the catalytic core residues showing moderate inhibitory activity on HIV-1 integrase. The semi-empirical quantum chemical calculations were also performed using MOPAC2009 (PM3) for optimization of the geometry and the chemical activity of molecule. HOMO-LUMO transition implied an electron density transfer from C-N and C-C bonds at the edge of the molecule towards C-O and C-C bonds linked to central distorted cyclohexanone ring. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap of 7.778 eV reflects the chemical activity of the molecule thereby resulting charge transfer interaction.	Antimicrobial activity; Crystal structure; Cyclohexanone derivatives; Molecular docking analysis; MOPAC calculations	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953163559	Quantitative evaluation of third year medical students' perception and satisfaction from problem based learning in anatomy: A pilot study of the introduction of problem based learning into the traditional didactic medical curriculum in Nigeria	Saalu L.C., Abraham A.A., Aina W.O.	2010	Educational Research and Reviews	5	4	None	Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University College of Medicine (LASUCOM), Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Saalu, L.C., Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University College of Medicine (LASUCOM), Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Abraham, A.A., Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Aina, W.O., Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University College of Medicine (LASUCOM), Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria	Problem-based learning (PBL) is a method of teaching that uses hypothetical clinical cases, individual investigation and group process. In recent years, in medical education, problem-based learning (PBL) has increasingly been adopted as the preferred pedagogy in many countries around the world. Controversy, however, still exists as the potential benefits and overall outcome of PBL over traditional didactic learning (TDL). The present study compared the learning effectiveness of PBL with TDL using both experimental method (students' performance in examination) and observational method (students' responses to questionnaires). The self-administered questionnaires measured learning outcomes and acquisition of interpersonal skills on a 5-point Likert type rating scale of 1 (strongly agree) - 5 (strongly disagree). The study population comprised third year medical students of Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria. Half of the new innovative Human Anatomy curriculum was thought using PBL and the other half using TDL. The PBL method resulted in better examination scores than TDL for the same students. A majority of students felt that, the PBL sessions were better at fulfilling learning objectives, gave better factual knowledge of Anatomy, promoted better student participation in the learning process, provided more learning fun, ensured more students team work and interpersonal skills acquisition and enabled more students' reflective/critical thinking and reasoning of anatomy, as compared to traditional teaching methods. Most of the students opined that more such sessions should be organized in the future. The main disadvantage perceived was that, it was time-consuming. We conclude that, based on the examination scores and the responses of the students, PBL are more successful than TDL. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Medical students; Perception; Problem based learning; Traditional didactic learning	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867177735	Rheumatic mitral repair versus replacement in a threshold country: The impact of commissural fusion	Geldenhuys A., Koshy J.J., Human P.A., Mtwale J.F., Brink J.G., Zilla P.	2012	Journal of Heart Valve Disease	21	4	None	Christiaan Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Geldenhuys, A., Christiaan Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Koshy, J.J., Christiaan Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Human, P.A., Christiaan Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Mtwale, J.F., Christiaan Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Brink, J.G., Christiaan Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Zilla, P., Christiaan Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Background and aim of the study: In developing countries rheumatic heart disease is the predominant indication for cardiac surgery. As the disease tends to progress, reoperation rates for mitral valve repairs are high. Against this background, the predictors of failure were assessed and the overall performance of repairs compared with replacements in a 10-year cohort of rheumatic single mitral valve procedures. Methods: Between 2000 and 2010, a total of 646 consecutive adult (aged >15 years) patients underwent primary, single mitral valve procedures. All 87 percutaneous balloon valvuloplasties (100%) were rheumatic, compared to 280 of the 345 primary mitral valve replacements (81%) and 69 of the 215 primary mitral valve repairs (32%). As the study aim was to compare the outcome of mitral valve repair versus replacement in rheumatic patients of a threshold country, all 69 repair patients were propensity-matched with 69 of the replacement patients. Based on propensity score analysis, Kaplan-Meier actuarial analysis with log-rank testing was used to evaluate survival and morbidity. Results: The follow up was 100% complete (n = 138), and ranged from 0.6 to 132 months (mean 53.3 ± 36.5 months). Actuarial freedom from valve-related mortality was 96 ± 3% and 92 ± 4% at five years, and 96 ± 3% and 80 ± 11% at 10 years for repairs and replacements, respectively (p = NS). Actuarial freedom from all valve-related events (deaths, reoperations and morbidity) was 80 ± 6% and 86 ± 5% at five years, and 70 ± 8% and 69 ± 11% at 10 years (p = NS). Actuarial freedom from all valve-related events was 57 ± 11% and 96 ± 3% at five years (p =0.0008), and 42 ± 12% and 96 ± 3% at 10 years (p <0.001) for those mitral valve repairs with and without commissural fusion, respectively (p = 0.0002 overall). Conclusion: The long-term results for mitral valve replacement in an indigent, rheumatic heart disease population of a developing country were better than generally perceived. Notwithstanding, mitral valve repair has a superior long-term outcome in those patients who do not show commissural fusion at operation. © Copyright by ICR Publishers 2012.	None	adult; article; female; follow up; human; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; male; mitral valve repair; mitral valve replacement; morbidity; priority journal; reoperation; rheumatic heart disease; survival; transluminal valvuloplasty; treatment failure; adolescent; aged; child; community care; comparative study; developing country; heart atrium fibrillation; heart valve replacement; Kaplan Meier method; methodology; middle aged; mitral annuloplasty; mitral valve regurgitation; mortality; South Africa; statistics; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Atrial Fibrillation; Child; Developing Countries; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Middle Aged; Mitral Valve Annuloplasty; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; Morbidity; Reoperation; Rheumatic Heart Disease; South Africa; Uncompensated Care; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38549122916	The internal contradictions of global civil society - What impact on global democracy?	Fioramonti L.	2007	Development Dialogue	None	49	None	CIVICUS: World Alliance for Citizen Participation, Johannesburg, South Africa	Fioramonti, L., CIVICUS: World Alliance for Citizen Participation, Johannesburg, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	civil society; democracy; globalization; social movement	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69149088963	Evaluation of causes of retaining wall failure	Abdullahi M.M.	2009	Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies	7	14	None	Civil Engineering, F.U.T., P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	Abdullahi, M.M., Civil Engineering, F.U.T., P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	Retaining structures are vital geotechnical structure, because the topography of the earth surface is a combination of plain, sloppy and undulating terrain. The retaining wall resists thrust of a bank of earth as well as providing soil stability of a change of ground elevation. Earth pressures on retaining wall are designed from theories of Soil Mechanics, but unfortunately the engineers using them do not always realize the significance of the assumption in their development. This is usually accompanied by with failure and partial failures because of designed based on rules and formulae that fit only limited conditions. In addition there are also problems of using bad backfill materials without taking precautionary measures against built-up of hydrostatic pressure by provision of drainage and also poor workmanship.	Backfill; Earth pressure; Hydrostatic pressure; Retaining wall	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-47249116955	Inter-basin water transfer effects on the invertebrates of the Mvuzane River: A test of the SASS rapid biomonitoring protocol to assess the impact of flow modification	Weerts S.P., Cyrus D.P.	2008	Water SA	34	2	None	Coastal Research Unit of Zululand, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; CSIR, Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 17001, Congella 4013, South Africa	Weerts, S.P., Coastal Research Unit of Zululand, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa, CSIR, Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 17001, Congella 4013, South Africa; Cyrus, D.P., Coastal Research Unit of Zululand, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa	Effects of the transfer of water from the Thukela to the Mvuzane River were investigated using the SASS rapid bioassessment technique and more quantitative methods of guild composition and community analyses. Although the transfer was relatively small (&lt; 1 m-3/s) it completely dominated natural flows in the recipient system. SASS monitoring was found to be useful as a rapid, field-based assessment of water quality and can he used to act as a 'red flag' to problems in the future. However, it was not sensitive to changes in the community structure at different sites and was inefficient as a tool to investigate the wider ecological impacts of the transfer scheme, most notably those associated with flow modification. Changes in the invertebrate fauna were most easily explained in terms of the effect of increased flow velocities and volumes on taxa that were classified as 'swimmers' and 'skaters'. Impacts via disruption to trophic pathways cannot be discounted and will most certainly occur with prolonged water transfer.	None	Bioassessment; Biomonitoring; Quantitative methods; Water transfers; assessment method; basin; biomonitoring; community composition; community structure; ecological impact; guild structure; invertebrate; river water; trophic status; Africa; KwaZulu-Natal; Mvuzane River; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Thukela Basin; Invertebrata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953988287	The incriminating role of reactive oxygen species in idiopathic male infertility: An evidence based evaluation	Saalu L.C.	2010	Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences	13	9	None	Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria	Saalu, L.C., Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria	The male factor is considered a major contributory factor to infertility. Apart from the conventional causes for male infertility such as varicocoele, cryptorchidism, infections, obstructive lesions, cystic fibrosis, trauma and tumours, a new and important cause has been identified as being responsible for the so-called idiopathic male infertility: oxidative stress. Oxidative Stress (OS) is a condition that occurs when the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) overwhelms the antioxidant defense produced against them. In male reproductive pathological conditions, the OS significantly impairs spermatogenesis and sperm function, which may lead to male infertility. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) known as free radicals are oxidizing agents generated as a result of metabolism of oxygen and have at least one unpaired electron that make them very reactive species. Spermatozoa generate Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in physiological amounts, which play a role in sperm functions during sperm capacitation, Acrosome Reaction (AR) and oocyte fusion, but they need to be controlled and their concentrations maintained at a level that is not deleterious to the cells. Administration of antioxidants in patients with 'male factor' infertility has begun to attract considerable interest. The main difficulty of such an approach is our incomplete understanding of the role of free radicals in normal and abnormal sperm function leading to male infertility. The purpose of the present review is to address the relationship between ROS and idiopathic male factor infertility. © 2010 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Infertility; Oxidative stress; Reactive oxygen species	reactive oxygen metabolite; reactive oxygen metabolite; article; human; male; male infertility; metabolism; male infertility; metabolism; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Reactive Oxygen Species; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Reactive Oxygen Species	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33748367852	Evaluation of fever of unknown origin before starting antiretroviral therapy	Conradie F., Wilson D.	2006	Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine	None	23	None	Clinical HIV Research Unit, Helen Joseph Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Edendale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Conradie, F., Clinical HIV Research Unit, Helen Joseph Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa; Wilson, D., Department of Medicine, Edendale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	antiretrovirus agent; efavirenz; fluconazole; lamivudine; stavudine; tenofovir; adult; article; blood transfusion; bone marrow biopsy; case report; coughing; death; diarrhea; disease course; drug substitution; esophagus candidiasis; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; laboratory test; patient assessment; patient referral; peripheral neuropathy; physical examination; pyrexia idiopathica; treatment refusal	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951786726	Women war survivors of the 1989-2003 conflict in Liberia: The impact of sexual and gender-based violence	Liebling-Kalifani H., Mwaka V., Ojiambo-Ochieng R., Were-Oguttu J., Kinyanda E., Kwekwe D., Howard L., Danuweli C.	2011	Journal of International Women's Studies	12	1	None	Clinical Psychology, Coventry University, Makerere University, Uganda; Makerere University, Uganda; Isis-Women's International Cross Cultural Exchange, Kampala, Uganda; Information and Documentation at Isis-WICCE, Uganda; MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Uganda; Ministry of Gender and Development, Cottingham University, Liberia; University of York, United Kingdom; University of Liberia, Liberia	Liebling-Kalifani, H., Clinical Psychology, Coventry University, Makerere University, Uganda; Mwaka, V., Makerere University, Uganda; Ojiambo-Ochieng, R., Isis-Women's International Cross Cultural Exchange, Kampala, Uganda; Were-Oguttu, J., Information and Documentation at Isis-WICCE, Uganda; Kinyanda, E., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Uganda; Kwekwe, D., Ministry of Gender and Development, Cottingham University, Liberia; Howard, L., University of York, United Kingdom; Danuweli, C., University of Liberia, Liberia	This article presents a summary of the qualitative data from research carried out in post-conflict Liberia by Isis-WICCE, a women's international non-government organisation, in conjunction with the Ministry of Gender and Development of Liberia and Women in Peace-building Network, WIPNET. Analysis of research findings detail women's experiences of conflict and the serious effects of sexual violence and torture on their physical and psychological health. The paper also describes the omission of women from justice and rehabilitation processes. In support of women participants' views, the authors' recommend that funding is urgently required for the provision of holistic and sustainable, gender- sensitive services. Additional recommendations are made with respect to health, justice and policy changes in line with enhancing women survivor's roles and utilising their skills and resilience.	Gender-based violence; Liberia; Sexual; War; Women	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855758508	Lameness in dairy cattle: Prevalence, risk factors and impact on milk production	Sulayeman M., Fromsa A.	2012	Global Veterinaria	8	1	None	College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	Sulayeman, M., College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Fromsa, A., College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	The importance of lameness has increased as it became one of the greatest insults to the productivity of dairy cattle and took the third place in causing economic loss to dairy farmers next to infertility and mastitis. However, it is among the most neglected and least studied dairy problems in Ethiopia. This observational and repeated cross-sectional study was carried out on 432 dairy cattle that belonged to 23 randomly selected farms from Hawasa town to determine the prevalence of lameness, identify the associated risk factors and assess the effect on milk production. The result showed an overall lameness prevalence of 3.5%. Lameness of one or more animal was detected in 11 (47.83%) of the 23 visited farms. Milking status, pregnancy, feeding, floor type, length of rough track, frequency of floor cleaning, age, sex and herd size were considered as risk factors and statistically tested. All the risk factors except milking status were not significantly associated with lameness (P>0.05). Lameness was more frequent in hind limbs (2.8%) than in forelimbs (0.7%). In milking dairy cows, the mean daily milk yield was significantly reduced after the onset of lameness. The study showed that lameness is an economically important dairy herd problem. Therefore, prevention or early diagnosis and treatment of lameness in cows at all stages of lactation should be part of dairy farm management practice. © IDOSI Publications, 2012.	Dairy cattle; Lameness; Prevalence; Risk factors	Animalia; Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-20744436885	Evaluation of aluminium phosphide against house mice (Musmusculus) in Ghana	Adu-Acheampong R., Sarfo J.E., Avemegah R., Odzawo V.	2005	Tests of Agrochemicals and Cultivars	None	26	None	Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, Tafo-Akim, Ghana; Quality Control Division, COCOBOD, Takoradi, Ghana	Adu-Acheampong, R., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, Tafo-Akim, Ghana; Sarfo, J.E., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, Tafo-Akim, Ghana; Avemegah, R., Quality Control Division, COCOBOD, Takoradi, Ghana; Odzawo, V., Quality Control Division, COCOBOD, Takoradi, Ghana	[No abstract available]	Aluminium phosphide; Control; Gastoxin; House mice	Mus musculus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054008736	Evaluation of some robusta coffee (Coffea canephora pierre ex a. Froehner) clones for optimal density planting in Ghana	Anim-Kwapong G.J., Anim-Kwapong E., Oppong F.K.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	1	None	Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. BOX 8, New Tafo-Akim, Ghana	Anim-Kwapong, G.J., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. BOX 8, New Tafo-Akim, Ghana; Anim-Kwapong, E., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. BOX 8, New Tafo-Akim, Ghana; Oppong, F.K., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. BOX 8, New Tafo-Akim, Ghana	Increasing productivity is a main objective in Robusta coffee improvement in Ghana. A field trial was established in 1998 to evaluate the potential of ten Robusta coffee clones for optimal density planting, at the experimental field of the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana sub-station, Afosu. The clones were evaluated at three planting densities (1667, 2222 and 2667 trees ha -1) in a split plot design with three replicates, for yield and five vegetative traits namely: stem diameter, crown diameter, orthotropic internodes length, plagiotropic internodes length and number of bearing nodes per plagiotropic branch. Highly significant (P &lt; 0.00) interaction effects were observed for all parameters measured. The highest yields (averaging 1289.5 kg ha -1 year -1) were obtained from the highest planting density with clones 197, A129, B191, 181, and A115. These clones also had a relatively compact growth habit (smaller stem diameter and shorter plagiotropic and orthotropic internode lengths) compared to the other five clones (E152, B96, E138, E139 and B36). The findings suggest that productivity increases in Robusta coffee could be achieved through the use of planting materials which combine compact growth habit and high harvest potential in close spacing planting scheme. © 2010 Academic Journals.	High density planting; Robusta coffee clones; Vegetative vigour; Yield potential	Coffea canephora; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349130706	The rooting performance of shea (Vitellaria paradoxa gaertn) stem cuttings as influenced by wood type, sucrose and rooting hormone	Yeboah J., Lowor S.T., Amoah F.M.	2009	Scientific Research and Essays	4	5	None	Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. Box 8, Tafo-Akim, Ghana	Yeboah, J., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. Box 8, Tafo-Akim, Ghana; Lowor, S.T., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. Box 8, Tafo-Akim, Ghana; Amoah, F.M., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. Box 8, Tafo-Akim, Ghana	Vegetative propagation of stem cuttings of different physiological woodtypes of Vitellaria paradoxa was studied in a polythene propagator. The treatments included combinations of wood type (soft, semi-hard and rejuvenated (coppiced) shoots), sucrose application at 0, 15 and 25%, and Seradix '3' powder hormone (active ingredient- indolebutyricacid) at 0 and 8000 ppm. Cuttings of rejuvenated shoots dipped in 15% sucrose solution gave significantly higher rooting and longer roots than both softwood and semihardwood. High levels (P < 0.05) of soluble sugars and total free phenols were recorded for coppiced cuttings which resulted in better rooting performance than the other wood types. Cuttings dipped in Seradix '3' powder hormone significantly recorded higher rooting than the control (no hormone). © 2009 Academic Journals.	Cuttings; Rooting; Rooting hormone; Sucrose; Vitellaria paradoxa gaertn	Vitellaria paradoxa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052923002	Impact of pesticides use on heavy metals pollution in cocoa soils of cross-river state, Nigeria	Ogunlade M.O., Agbeniyi S.O.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	16	None	Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P. M. B. 5244, Ibadan,Oyo State, Nigeria	Ogunlade, M.O., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P. M. B. 5244, Ibadan,Oyo State, Nigeria; Agbeniyi, S.O., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P. M. B. 5244, Ibadan,Oyo State, Nigeria	The high incidence of phytophthora pod rot and mirids resulting from high rainfall and relative humidity in cocoa producing areas of Nigeria necessitated the use of fungicides and other pesticides on cocoa. This is causing increased worldwide concern about heavy metal contamination of the soil environment and cocoa beans. Thus the objective of this study is to evaluate the status of some heavy metals in selected cocoa farms in Ikom, Etung and Boki local government areas of Cross River State-the highest cocoa producing state in eastern Nigeria, where farmers use a lot of pesticides to combat pests and diseases. The results indicated that the soil contents of the heavy metals were in the order (Cr > Pb > Co > Ni > Se > Cd > As) in the selected farms evaluated in the three local government areas. The values ranged between 0.88 and 1.33 mg/kg for chromium and between 0.59 and 0.86 mg/kg for lead. The soil contents of the heavy metals in the adjacent forest were similar to that obtained in the cocoa farms. The values of chromium ranged between 1.01 and 1.02 mg/kg soil while that of lead ranged between 0.5 and 0.74 mg/kg soil in adjacent forest. This suggests that heavy metal contents of the soils in the cocoa farms evaluated were not primarily due to chemicals being sprayed but probably naturally occurring. Their concentrations were also below the optimum limit allowed in the soil. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Cocoa plantation; Cocoa soils; Cross river state; Heavy metals; Lead	Miridae; Phytophthora; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960393924	Effect of cocoa pod husk ash and goat dung on nutrient content and growth performance of cashew (Anacardium occidentale)	Adejobi K.B., Famaye A.O., Adeniyi D.O., Orisajo S.B., Adeyemi E.A.	2011	Advances in Environmental Biology	5	7	None	Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Adejobi, K.B., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Famaye, A.O., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Adeniyi, D.O., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Orisajo, S.B., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Adeyemi, E.A., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	The effect of different levels of cocoa pod husk ash and goat dung on nutrient uptake and growth performance of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) seedlings was investigated at Ibadan in the rain forest zone of Nigeria. The organic fertilizer treatments; cocoa pod husk ash(CPHA) and goat dung(GD) were applied at 6.5g of CPHA (5t/ha), 25g of GD (20t/ha) 12.5g of GD +6.5g of CPHA (10+5t/ha) 18.75g of GD + 6.5g of CPHA (15t+6.5t/ha), 25g of GD + 6.5g of CPHA (20t+5t/ha) 6.5g of GD+6.5g of CPHA (5t+5t/ha), 0.6g of urea (400kg/ha), per 2.5 kg of soil filled poly bag. The results showed that these organic fertilizers increased significantly (p<0.05) the growth parameters (plant height, stem diameter, leaf area leaf number, number of branch, root and shoot length, root and shoot dry weight and root and shoot fresh weight), soil and leaf N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na soil pH and organic matter (O.M) compared to the control treatment. 20 t/ha of GD + 5 tons/ha of CPHA treatment had the highest values of cashew seedlings performance compared to 5t/ha CPHA, 20t/ha GD, 400kg / ha urea, and the control treatment respectively. For instance, combined application of 20t/ha of GD +5t/ha of CPHA increased the plant height, number of leaf, leaf area, stem diameter, number of branch, root and shoot length, fresh and dry root weight,fresh and dry shoot weight of cashew seedlings by 45%, 29%, 12%, 52%, 59%,34%, 32%, 14%, 14%, 33% and 17% respectively compared to sole application of 20 tons/ha of GD. When compared with urea fertilizer application, 20t/ha GD+5t/ha CPHA treatment also increased the plant height, number of leaf, leaf area, stem diameter, number of branch, root and shoot length, dry and fresh root weight, dry and fresh shoot weight of cashew seeding by 25%, 28% 9%,46%,59%,19%,18%,32%,14%,6% and 13% respectively. For leaf chemical composition of cashew seedlings, 20t/ha GD and 5t CPHA increased leaf N, P, K, Mg, Ca and Na by 57%, 22%, 27%,28%, 50%, and 56% respectively compared with the control. When compared with urea fertilizer treatment, 20t/ha of GD + 5 t/ ha of CPHA increased the leaf N, P, K, Mg and Ca by 18%,56%, 10% 12% and 20%, respectively. However, urea fertilizer increased leaf N, K, and Ca by 48%, 19%, and 38% compared to control treatment. For soil chemical composition, 20t/ha GD 5t/ha CPHA manure also increased the soil pH, OC, OM, N,P, K, Na, Mg and Ca by 18%,26%, 29%, 50%, 80%, 43%, 30%, 14%, and 9% respectively compared to urea fertilizer treatment. However, 20%t/ha GD + 5t/ha CPHA (25g GD+6.5g CPHA) was the most effective treatment in improving cashew seedlings performance, soil and leaf mineral composition. Therefore it could be recommended to cashew farmers.	Cashew; Cocoa pod husk ash; Goat dung; Growth; Nutrient uptake	Anacardium occidentale; Capra hircus; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36649026694	Evaluation of the susceptibility of local cocoa germplasms in Nigeria to Phytophthora pod rot disease using the leaf discs technique	Otuonye A.H., Adeoti A.Y.A., Agbeniyi S.O., Aikpokpodion P.O., Enikomehin O., Popoola T.O.	2007	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	5	04-Mar	None	Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Otuonye, A.H., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Adeoti, A.Y.A., University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Agbeniyi, S.O., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Aikpokpodion, P.O., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Enikomehin, O., University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Popoola, T.O., University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	The Phytophthora pod rot disease constitutes a major threat to cocoa cultivation in all cocoa-growing regions worldwide. It is one of the most important diseases limiting the attainment of genetic yield potential of this tree crop. Though available, chemical control methods are often expensive and beyond the reach of peasant farmers that produce more than 95% of Nigeria crop. Also, the limited knowledge of rational chemical application among rural farmers and the adverse effect on the environment makes it an unfriendly approach. Breeding commercially viable resistant cacao genotypes have been advocated to be the most durable control approach against the Phytophthora pod rot. Towards achieving this objective, promising cacao materials were selected from the gene pool in Cocoa Research Institute ofNigeria (CRIN) Headquarters, Ibadan. Screening of these eight selected cocoa clones with four isolates of Phytophthora megakarya of known aggressiveness in combination-NGRI4, using the leaf discs inoculation method at standard inoculum concentration of zoospores of 3 x 105 ml-1 was carried out. Results showed that T12/5 was resistant, while clones T17/11 and T86/2 are moderately resistant. The other clones, T85/5, T85/45 and T20/11, were moderately susceptible. It is therefore suggested that clone T12/5 be integrated into the resistance breeding effort against Phytophthora pod rot.	Aggressiveness; Clones; Cocoa; Isolate; Phytophthora megakarya; Resistant; Screening	Phytophthora; Phytophthora megakarya; Theobroma cacao	None
None	None	First-generation undergraduate students and the impacts of the first year of college: Additional evidence	Padgett R.D., Johnson M.P., Pascarella E.T.	2012	Journal of College Student Development	53	2	None	Co-Curricular Assessment and Research, Northern Kentucky University, Division of Student Affairs, UC330-A Nunn Drive, Highland Heights, KY 41076, United States; United States Agency for International Development(USAID), Tanzania; Mary Louise Petersen Chair in Higher Education, The University of Iowa, United States	Padgett, R.D., Co-Curricular Assessment and Research, Northern Kentucky University, Division of Student Affairs, UC330-A Nunn Drive, Highland Heights, KY 41076, United States; Johnson, M.P., United States Agency for International Development(USAID), Tanzania; Pascarella, E.T., Mary Louise Petersen Chair in Higher Education, The University of Iowa, United States	Using longitudinal data from the Wabash National Study of Liberal Arts Education, our findings suggest that first-generation students are at a significant disadvantage across cognitive and psychosocial outcomes compared to students whose parents have at least some postsecondary education. Furthermore, we tested for the conditional effects of good practices on firstyear outcomes and found that effects of good practices on both cognitive and psychosocial outcomes differed in magnitude, and sometimes in direction, for first-generation versus non-firstgeneration students.	None	None	None
WoS	WOS:000283087500005	Approaches to the Evaluation and Assessment of Students in Clothing Practical Work in Colleges of Agriculture in Northern Nigeria	Usman, V. A.	2010	JOURNAL OF HOME ECONOMICS RESEARCH	12	None	None	Coll Agr	None	This study was carried out in Northern Nigeria to determine the general clothing construction skills and processes to be evaluated and evaluation procedures and techniques used by teachers of clothing. Six out of thirteen Colleges of Agriculture were randomly selected for the study. The entire 52 clothing teachers in the department of Home and Rural Economics were involved in the study. This consists of 32 lecturers and 18 instructors. Structured questionnaire was used for the data collection. Data were analyzed using mean scores and t-test at 0.05 level of significance. The major findings include 13 clothing construction skills and processes always evaluated and 11 evaluation procedures and techniques always used by the teachers of clothing in Colleges of Agriculture in Northern Nigeria. Based on these findings, recommendations were made.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-17444377595	Performance of pullet chicks fed raw or processed pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) seed meal diets	Amaefule K.U., Obioha F.C.	2005	Livestock Research for Rural Development	17	3	None	Coll. of Anim. Sci. and Anim. Health, Michael Okpara Univ. Agric., Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Amaefule, K.U., Coll. of Anim. Sci. and Anim. Health, Michael Okpara Univ. Agric., Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Obioha, F.C., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	An experiment was conducted with 150 black Bovan Nera pullets to evaluate the performance of pullet chicks fed raw or processed pigeon pea seed meal (PSM) diets. Pullets were fed 10% PSM-based diets for 8 weeks. The seeds were either raw or processed (toasted for 30 minutes, boiled for 30 minutes, or soaked in water for 24 hours). Each treatment was replicated three times, with 10 pullets per replicate. The layout of the experiment was a completely randomized design (CRD). The experimental diets were isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. Parameters measured were feed intake, weight gain and feed cost. The results showed that pullets fed 10% raw or processed PSM diets did not differ significantly (P>0.05) in all the performance parameters. PSM diets significantly (P<0.05) reduced total feed cost. It was concluded that PSM is a good protein source for pullets and that 10% raw or processed PSM could be incorporated into pullet chick diets.	Performance; Pigeon pea; Processsing; Pullets; Raw seeds	Cajan; Cajanus cajan; Columba; Gallus gallus; Pisum sativum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956325523	The role and impact of Non-Academics Staff Union (NASU) in two Nigerian universities	Adeniji M.A., Adekunjo O.A.	2010	Library Philosophy and Practice	2010	MAR	None	College Librarian, College of Engineering and Technology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun State, Nigeria; Dept of Library and Information Science, Ambrose Alii University, Ekpoma, Nigeria	Adeniji, M.A., College Librarian, College of Engineering and Technology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun State, Nigeria; Adekunjo, O.A., Dept of Library and Information Science, Ambrose Alii University, Ekpoma, Nigeria	[No abstract available]	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-73449094941	Phytochemical screening and evaluation of some medicinal plants for their in vitro activities on Trypanosoma evansi	Adeiza A.A., Maikai V.A., Hassan F.B.	2009	Journal of Medicinal Plants Research	3	4	None	College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Mando Road, Kaduna, Nigeria	Adeiza, A.A., College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Mando Road, Kaduna, Nigeria; Maikai, V.A., College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Mando Road, Kaduna, Nigeria; Hassan, F.B., College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Mando Road, Kaduna, Nigeria	In an attempt to search for new eco-friendly trypanocidal drugs, water and methanol extracts were prepared from three medicinal plants used by herbalists in Nigeria for the treatment of malaria and other ailments. The different portions of the extracts were incubated at various concentrations, 2, 4, 8, 10 mg/ml with Trypanosoma evansi. The results revealed that Khaya senegalensis and Anonna senegalensis were able to immobilize the parasites at 10 mg/ml while Prosopis africana did not show any activity. Phytochemical profile of the plants showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponnins and cardiac glycosides. The results obtained with these crude extracts showed that these plants are potential sources of trypanocidal drugs/chemical leads. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Anonna senegalensis; Antitrypanosomal activity; Khaya senegalensis; Prosopis africana; Trypanosoma evansi	alkaloid derivative; Anonna senegalensis extract; cardiac glycoside; flavonoid; Khaya senegalensis extract; methanol; plant extract; prosopis africana extract; saponin derivative; tannin derivative; unclassified drug; water; Anonna senegalensis; antiprotozoal activity; article; chemical composition; concentration response; controlled study; drug isolation; drug screening; immobilization; in vitro study; Khaya senegalensis; medicinal plant; Nigeria; nonhuman; phytochemistry; prosopis africana; Trypanosoma evansi; Annona; Khaya senegalensis; Prosopis africana; Trypanosoma evansi	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38949117009	Overview on urban and peri-urban agriculture: Definition, impact on human health, constraints and policy issues	Kang'ethe E.K., Grace D., Randolph T.F.	2007	East African Medical Journal	84	11 SUPPL.	None	College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Kang'ethe, E.K., College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya; Grace, D., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Randolph, T.F., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Objectives: To collate and synthesize current knowledge of components of urban agriculture (UA) with a thematic emphasis on human health impact and a geographic emphasis on East Africa. Data sources: Data management followed a structured approach in which key issues were first identified and then studies selected through literature search and personal communication. Data extraction: Evidence-based principles. Data synthesis: Urban agriculture is an important source of food security for urban dwellers in East Africa. Descriptors of UA are location, areas, activities, scale, products, destinations, stakeholders and motivation. Many zoonotic and food-borne diseases have been associated with UA but evidence on human health impact and management is lacking. Major constraints to UA are illegality and lack of access to input and market; policy options have been developed for overcoming these. Conclusion: Urban agriculture is an important activity and likely to remain so. Both positive and negative human health impacts are potentially important but more research is needed to understand these and set appropriate policy and support levels.	None	agriculture; article; catering service; evidence based medicine; geography; health care policy; health status; human; knowledge; urban population; Agriculture; Evidence-Based Medicine; Food Supply; Geography; Health Policy; Health Status; Humans; Knowledge; Urban Population	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80555154637	Evaluation of a water-saving superabsorbent polymer for forage oat (Avena sativa L.) production in arid regions of northern China	Robiul Islam M., Shahidul Alam A.M., Egrinya Eneji A., Ren C., Song W., Hu Y.	2011	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	9	2	None	College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; Department of Soil Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nig	Robiul Islam, M., College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China, Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; Shahidul Alam, A.M., Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; Egrinya Eneji, A., Department of Soil Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Ren, C., College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China, Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baicheng city, Jilin Province 137000, China; Song, W., College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Hu, Y., College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China	Oat is a promising forage crop in arid northern China where increased land degradation and shortage of forage resources for animal production during winter have accentuated the need for alternative forage crops. Our objective was to determine the growth, biomass production, grain yield and quality of oat (Avena sativa L.) using different rates (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha -1) of superabsorbent polymer in northern China. Baiyan 7 (B7), a forage producing hulled oat was cultivated for two seasons (early, with limited irrigation and late, under rain-fed conditions) in the year 2008. Total precipitation was 278.5 mm during the early season (1 st May to 31 st July) and only 156.2 mm in the late season (11 th July to 12 th October). The aboveground biomass increased significantly in both early (87.3%) and late (54.1%) season crops with the application of superabsorbent polymer at 60 kg ha -1. The below-ground biomass, grain yield, number of panicles and tiller fertility rates as well as relative water content, crude protein content and relative feed value were also increased. The optimum application rate of the superabsorbent polymer in the study area was 60 kg ha -1; other rates were neither sufficient nor economical. Forage quantity and quality differed little with season. The use of superabsorbent polymer could be an effective means for forage production under the arid conditions of northern China.	Forage quality; Northern china; Oat; Sandy soil; Superabsorbent polymer	polymer; article; biomass production; China; forage; forage quality; grain; oat; tillage; water absorption; Animalia; Avena sativa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952850902	Impact of water-saving superabsorbent polymer on oat (Avena spp.) yield and quality in an arid sandy soil	Robiul Islam M., Egrinya Eneji A., Ren C., Li J., Hu Y.	2011	Scientific Research and Essays	6	4	None	College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; Department of Soil Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nig	Robiul Islam, M., College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China, Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; Egrinya Eneji, A., Department of Soil Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Ren, C., College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China, Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baicheng, Jilin Province, 137000, China; Li, J., College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Hu, Y., College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China	Oat is a promising forage crop in arid northern China where low precipitation, land degradation and shortage of forage resources for animal production during winter have accentuated the need for alternative forage crops. Our objective was to determine the growth, biomass production and grain yield plus forage quality of oat (Avena spp.) using different rates of superabsorbent polymer (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg/ha) in an erosion-prone arid sandy soil with limited irrigation. Baiyan 7 (B7), a forage producing hulled oat (Avena sativa L.) and Baiyan 2 (B2), a dual purpose (grain and forage producing) naked oat (Avena nuda L.) were used. The above-ground biomass increased significantly (87.3%) in B7 and slightly (18.3%) in B2 with the application of superabsorbent polymer at 60 kg/ha. The below-ground biomass, grain yield and number of panicles as well as tiller fertility rate and relative water content were also increased significantly in B7 and slightly in B2 at the superabsorbent rate of 60 kg/ha. Weed interferences in the crop field had significant positive correlations with superabsorbent polymer rates and B2 was much more affected by weed than B7. Application of superabsorbent polymer also increased the relative feed value (RFV) in B7 and grain quality of B2. The optimum application of superabsorbent polymer in the study area would be 60 kg/ha. The B7 cultivar would be more competitive in efficiently utilizing water from the polymer for growth under water stress than B2. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Arid environment; Drought stress; Forage quality; Northern China; Oat; Superabsorbent polymer	Animalia; Avena; Avena nuda; Avena sativa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-21644441914	Performance of Pullet chicks fed graded levels of Raw Bambarra groundnut (Vigna subterranean (L.) Verdc) offal diets as replacement for Soybean meal and Maize	Amaefule K.U., Osuagwu F.M.	2005	Livestock Research for Rural Development	17	5	None	College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Amaefule, K.U., College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Osuagwu, F.M., College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	One hundred and eighty day-old Lohmann brown pullet chicks were used to evaluate the effect of replacing soybean meal and maize with Bambarra groundnut offal (BGO) in pullet chick diets. The experiments were in a completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatments, each replicated three times, with nine pullets per replicate. The inclusion levels of BGO in the diets were 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%. Parameters measured were daily weight gain, final live weight at 8th weeks, daily feed and protein intake, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, mortality and feed cost. The result showed that the performance of chicks fed diet containing 5% BGO did not differ significantly (P&gt;0.05) from that of the control. Pullets fed 10, 15, 20 and 25% BGO diets showed no significant differences (P&gt;0.05) in their daily weight gain and final live weight. Pullets fed 20% BGO diet had significantly lower feed intake than others. The inclusion of Bambara groundnut offal in the diets significantly (P&lt;0.05) reduced the cost per kg of feed. The conclusion was that the BGO could be a valuable feedstuff in pullet chick diets which could be included up to 5% of the pullet diet.	Bambarra groundnut offal; Diets; Performance; Pullet chicks	Arachis hypogaea; Bambara; Glycine max; Vigna subterranea; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548489891	Pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] seed meal in layer diets: 2. Laying performance and egg quality characteristics of pullets fed raw or processed pigeon pea seed meal diets during grower and layer stages of life	Amaefule K.U., Oke U.K., Obioha F.C.	2007	International Journal of Poultry Science	6	6	None	College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Amaefule, K.U., College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Oke, U.K., College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Obioha, F.C., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Laying performance and egg quality characteristics of grower pullets fed raw or processed pigeon pea seed meal diets during grower and layer stages of life were determined with 135 black Bovan Nera grower (126 days old) pullets. Each raw or processed (toasted for 30 minutes, boiled for 30 minutes, or soaked in water for 24 hours) seeds, which constituted a treatment, were milled. Each treatment had three replicates and nine birds per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). The experimental diets were isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. Live weight, feed intake, live weight gain, egg production, mortality, external and internal egg quality characteristics were measured. Results showed that there were non-significant (P>0.05) differences among the layers fed PSM diets in all the egg production parameters measured, except daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR). However, layers fed boiled PSM diet had the highest hen-day production (67.64%), feed intake (105.57 g/b/d) and hen-housed production (78.71%). Layers fed soaked PSM diet had the lowest hen-housed production (66.30%), hen-day production (58.38%), egg mass production (1083.16 g), poorest FCR, and highest number of cracked eggs. The conclusion was that raw, boiled or toasted PSM included as 30% of the diet could be fed to layers that had received 20% PSM diet during the grower stage of life without adverse effects on egg production, external and internal egg quality characteristics. It should be expected that soaked PSM diet could adversely affect egg production as well as external and internal egg qualities. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007.	Egg quality; Layer diets; Laying performance; Processed pigeon pea seed meal	Aves; Cajanus cajan	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052868978	Growth performance and haematological characteristics of West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep fed graded levels of dietary pigeon pea seed meal	Okah U., Ibeawuchi J.A.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	11	None	College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 7267, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Okah, U., College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 7267, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Ibeawuchi, J.A., College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 7267, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary pigeon pea seed meal on the growth performance and haematological characteristics of West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep. Four diets were formulated to contain pigeon pea seed meal (PSM) at 0, 10, 20 and 30% levels, representing diets A, B, C, and D, respectively. Twelve weaned rams averaging 8.57 kg body weight and aged 7-8 months were used in the study. The rams were divided into 4 groups of 3 rams housed singly in pens, and each group assigned to one of the four diets for 8 weeks in a completely randomized design experiment. Data collected included, average daily weight gain (g), daily dry matter intake (g) and feed conversation ratio (g feed /g grain) calculated. Haematological and biochemical characteristics were also evaluated. Average daily weight gain was significantly (P<0.05) better in diet A and C than diet D, but diets A, B and C were similar (P>0.05). Feed conservation ratio differed significantly (P<0.05) among the groups, with diet C recording better conversion ratio than diets A and D, respectively. The PSM diets generally promoted lower PCV and higher WBC values in sheep. Neutrophil and lymphocytes were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the PSM. While neutrophil increased with increasing level of PSM, the converse was true about lymphocytesood glucose, and urea in the animals were also significantly (P<0.05) influenced by PSM, which followed the same pattern as the nuetrophil and lymphocytes respectively. Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (SGGTP) and serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (SGGT) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in sheep fed on control diet A than in those fed on either diet C or D. Serum creatinine was significantly (P<0.05) higher in sheep fed on control diet than in those on the PSM diets. The results of this study indicated that processed pigeon pea seed could be used as a plant protein resource for sheep, but may not be included beyond 20% for optimum performance and physiological welfare of the animal.	Pigeon pea; Sheep; Weaner rams diet; West african dwarf	Animalia; Cajanus cajan; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548499903	Pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] seed meal in layer diets: 3. Effect of higher inclusion level and prolonged feeding of raw or processed pigeon pea seed meal diets from pullet chick stage on the laying performance of pullets	Amaefule K.U., Oguike M.A., Ironkwe M.O., Obioha F.C.	2007	International Journal of Poultry Science	6	6	None	College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers Stat	Amaefule, K.U., College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Oguike, M.A., College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Ironkwe, M.O., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria; Obioha, F.C., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Black Bovan Nera pullets at point of lay (19 weeks old) that were fed pigeon Pea Seed Meal (PSM) diets during the pullet chick and grower stages of life were used to determine the effect of higher inclusion level and prolonged feeding of raw or processed PSM diets from the pullet chick stage on the laying performance of pullets. Brown colored pigeon pea seeds were used as raw, boiled for 30 min, toasted for 30 min, or soaked in water for 24 h, all of which were milled to pass through a 2 mm sieve. Each diet had three replications; each replicate had eight birds in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Parameters measured were feed intake, live weight, hen-day production, age at 1st, 25 and 50% egg production, external and internal egg quality characteristics. Results showed that layers fed boiled PSM diet had significantly (P<0.05) higher hen-day production (67.04%), egg weight (57.63 g), shell weight (6.50 g) while those fed raw PSM diet had the lowest (55.07%) hen-day production. It was concluded that raw or processed pigeon Pea Seed Meal (PSM) could be included as 30% of the whole diet of layers that had received 10 and 20% PSM based diets during their pullet chick and grower stages of life, respectively. Boiled PSM diet would improve hen-day egg production, toasted PSM diet would increase feed intake of layers while PSM diets will have no regular effects on external and internal egg quality characteristics of eggs laid by layers fed PSM diets. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007.	Diet; Eggs; Layers; Pigeon pea seed meal; Pullets	Aves; Cajanus cajan	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052841471	The moderating effect of culture on small firm performance: Empirical evidence	Minai M.S., Olusegun A.I., Lucky E.O.-I.	2011	European Journal of Social Sciences	23	3	None	College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia; Lagos State Polytechnics, Lagos, Nigeria	Minai, M.S., College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia; Olusegun, A.I., Lagos State Polytechnics, Lagos, Nigeria; Lucky, E.O.-I., College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia	Abundant studies on the influential entrepreneurial factors that affect small firm performance exist. However, the inconsistent results on the relationship between entrepreneurial factors and small firm performance has led the authors to propose a contingency model in which the effects of individual determinants, external factors and firm characteristics on firm performance are moderated by culture. A cross-sectional study of questionnaire survey research design was conducted and data was generated from 182 entrepreneurs or owner-managers of small firms in both manufacturing and service industries. The questionnaires were distributed through drop-off and pick procedure of data collection. The findings indicate that neither culture nor its cultural dimension or components are significant in moderating the relationship between relationship between individual determinates, external factors and firm characteristics, and firm performance.	Culture; Entrepreneurship determinants; Entrepreneurship development	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949032280	Evaluation of replacing maize with mango (Mangifera indica) kernel on fertility and hatchability parameters of layer hens	Beyene G., Niguse M., Gebreslasie L., Berhe A.	2015	Livestock Research for Rural Development	27	12	None	College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Animal, Rangeland and Wildlife Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O.Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia	Beyene, G., College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Animal, Rangeland and Wildlife Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O.Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Niguse, M., College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Animal, Rangeland and Wildlife Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O.Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Gebreslasie, L., College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Animal, Rangeland and Wildlife Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O.Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Berhe, A., College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Animal, Rangeland and Wildlife Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O.Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia	The study was conducted to evaluate replacing maize with mango kernel on fertility, hatchability, embryonic mortality and chick quality of layer hens. One hundred twenty chickens with similar body weight and age were used for the experiment. The chickens were randomly distributed to 15 pens each with 8 hens and 1 cock to the five treatments diets in completely randomized design (CRD). The chickens were kept in a deep litter housing system. The treatment rations were formulated to replace maize grain by mango kernel with 0% (MK0), 25% (MK25), 50% (MK50), 75% (MK75) and 100% (MK100). Chickens were offered a weighed amount of feed and feed leftovers were collected and weighed the next morning. The experiment lasted for 90 days during which fertility, hatchability, embryonic mortality and chick quality were measured. Fertility, hatchability, embryonic mortality, chick length, chick weight and chick visual score were not statistically different among the treatments. Therefore, we concluded that maize can be replaced by mango kernel up to 100% (at a rate of 390g/kg concentrate diet), since this level of replacement has not negatively affected fertility, hatchability, embryonic mortality and chick quality parameters. © 2015, Fundacion CIPAV. All rights reserved.	Byproduct; Feed; Layer diet; Poultry	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940659300	Evaluation of different oat varieties for fodder yield and yield related traits in Debre Berhan area, central highlands of Ethiopia	Beyene G., Araya A., Gebremedhn H.	2015	Livestock Research for Rural Development	27	9	None	College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Debre Berhan University, P.O. Box 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia	Beyene, G., College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Araya, A., College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Gebremedhn, H., College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Debre Berhan University, P.O. Box 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia	Oat is the most important well-adapted cereal fodder crop grown in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Ethiopia has a wide range of agro-ecological zones, described in the research centers to develop varieties to suit different zones as well as different systems of fodder production. However, the yield per acre is still far below than optimum level of production. Considering such a miserable picture in the country, field experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of seven forage oat varieties namely: 80-SA-130, 8251-CI, 80-SA-95, 8237-CI, Lampton, 8235-CI and Jasari at Agricultural Experiment Station of Debre Berhan University, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources during the year of 2014/15. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design having three replications and a net plot of size 1.2 m x 5 m. Data was recorded for plant height, leaf number tiller-1, tiller number plant-1, tillers per m2 and green fodder yield. The varieties differed in yield and yield related parameters. The variety Lampton produced significantly higher green forage yield (67.2 t·ha-1) than other varieties due to taller plants (178cm), more number of tillers plant-1 (14.2), tillers per m2 (256) and number of leaves tiller-1 (6.89) whereas, the variety Jasari recorded lowest (44.5 t·ha-1). Hence variety Lampton proved its superiority over all the other varieties included in the experiment. © 2015 Fundacion CIPAV. All rights reserved.	Avena sativa L; Forage yield; Yield traits	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937886083	Business environment and the financial performance of small and medium enterprises: A study of Lagos state, Nigeria	Titus O.A.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	12	4CONT4	None	College of Economic and Management Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa	Titus, O.A., College of Economic and Management Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa	The financial outcome of an enterprise is perceived to have some relationships with its operational environment. This study analysed the business environment as a correlate of financial performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), as to contribute to environment-enterprise policy mechanisms and regulatory framework, industry and management practices. Relevant definitional criteria and World Bank’s model were adopted to sample 228 SMEs from 456 via judgmental and convenience techniques. Multifactor business-environment questionnaire (MBEQ) was used to elicit responses from SMEs in a field survey. Enterprise type, activity, product line and financial performance were examined. Results showed dominance of sole proprietorship and services SMEs, multi-product lines, and highly positively correlated financial performance and business environment. Consequently, improved SME-friendly business environment was recommended. © 2015, Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved.	Business environment; Correlational analysis; Financial performance; Small and medium enterprises	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930268635	Evaluation of sulfonated acrylamide-based tetrapolymer as a rheology modifier in water-based drilling fluid	Nagre R.D., Zhao L., Frimpong I.K., Owusu P.A.	2015	Petroleum and Coal	57	2	None	College of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China; College of Geophysics and Oil Resources, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China; Faculty of Engineering, Kumasi Polytechnic, Kumasi, Ghana	Nagre, R.D., College of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China, Faculty of Engineering, Kumasi Polytechnic, Kumasi, Ghana; Zhao, L., College of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China; Frimpong, I.K., College of Geophysics and Oil Resources, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China, Faculty of Engineering, Kumasi Polytechnic, Kumasi, Ghana; Owusu, P.A., College of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China, Faculty of Engineering, Kumasi Polytechnic, Kumasi, Ghana	The need for improved water-based drilling fluid systems for application in unfavourable wellbore con-ditions is a persistent challenge to oilwell drilling operation. This study evaluates the appropriateness of a synthetic tetrapolymer as a rheology modifier in water-based drilling fluid for application at elevated temperatures. The tetrapolymer, comprising acrylamide, sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and N-butyl propenoate (TPM4) was synthesized in aqueous medium by free-radi-cal polymerization and characterized by Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy. Experimental design using six factors involving monomer molar ratios, total monomer concentration, initiator dosage, reaction temperature, pH and reaction time, was used to establish the optimum conditions of synthesis of the tetrapolymer. Rheological and fluid loss properties of the tetrapolymer were assessed in water-based drilling fluids. The tetrapolymer effected about four-fold filtration loss control in 4% KCl bentonite-based mud compared to the blank at 140°C. It also exhibited good viscosification of the mud and favourably retained mud viscosity up to 150°C.	Filtration loss; Rheological property; Temperature and salt resistance; Tetrapolymer; Water-based mud	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84959258429	Prognostication of water flooding performance in communicating layered reservoir	Owusu P.A., De Hua L., Nagre R.D.	2015	International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering	8	5	None	College of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China; Department of Civil Engineering, Kumasi Polytechnic, P.O. Box 854, Kumasi, Ghana	Owusu, P.A., College of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China, Department of Civil Engineering, Kumasi Polytechnic, P.O. Box 854, Kumasi, Ghana; De Hua, L., College of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China; Nagre, R.D., College of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China, Department of Civil Engineering, Kumasi Polytechnic, P.O. Box 854, Kumasi, Ghana	A model which approaches the recovery performance of waterflooding in communicating stratified reservoirs with log-normal permeability distribution is presented. The reservoir permeability is characterized by the Dykstra-Parsons variation coefficient (V) and standard deviation of the distribution (σ_k). The hydrocarbon pore volume is also characterized by normal distribution. The model allows for effect of variation of hydrocarbon pore volume. Comparison of the results obtained is made with the Dykstra-Parsons model. The performance of the reservoir is expressed in term of vertical sweep as a function of the producing water-oil ratio. Expressions for pseudo-relative permeability function and fractional flow curves are derived. The recovery performance is found to be dependent on mobility ratio and permeability variation. For a given water-oil ratio the vertical coverage increases as mobility ratio increases but decreases as permeability variation increases. Oil recovery therefore is enhanced for system with mobility ratio less than unity and retards for system with above unit mobility ratio. Below unit mobility ratio, Dykstra-Parson model gives reduced vertical coverage but higher at above unit mobility ratio compared to the model presented. The variation of porosity is found to increase oil recovery over the case of constant porosity and it is dependent on the rise of permeability variation and mobility ratio. Truncating the permeability significantly increases the vertical coverage and telling effect on the behavior on the performance prediction. © 2015 CAFET-INNOVA Technical Society All rights reserved.	Mobility ratio; Permeability cut; Permeability variation; Vertical coverage; Water flooding; Water-oil ratio	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79956319956	Evaluation of resistance in wheat germplasm to the aphids, Sitobion avenae based on Technique for order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) TOPSIS and cluster methods	Wang C.-P., Chen Q., Luo K., Zhao H.-Y., Zhang G.-S., Tlali R.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	6	None	College of Plant Protection, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China; Department of Crops Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Maseru 100, Lesotho, South Africa	Wang, C.-P., College of Plant Protection, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China, College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China; Chen, Q., College of Plant Protection, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Luo, K., College of Plant Protection, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Zhao, H.-Y., College of Plant Protection, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Zhang, G.-S., College of Plant Protection, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Tlali, R., Department of Crops Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Maseru 100, Lesotho, South Africa	Sitobion avenae is the dominant and destructive pest in wheat production regions in China. Therefore, breeders developed new and high resistant varieties to ensure stable yields. In this paper, thirteen comprehensive agronomic characteristics of twenty-two wheat germplasm resources were investigated, and the data for the resources collected in the latest two years were treated with Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS method) and cluster analysis. The priority order of alternatives ranks obtained from the TOPSIS method and aphid index analysis is the same. The order of alternatives ranks is as follows: Yumai70>Amigo>186Tm>Xiaoyan22>PI>Donghan1>98-10-35>...>Datang991>Qianjinzao. It was also found that the examined 22 wheat germplasm resources could be agglomerated into four clusters. Five good germplasm, namely 186Tm, Yumai70, AMIGO, Xiaoyan22, 98-10-35, could be used directly or as parents for breeding wheat varieties for resistance to S. avenae. Furthermore, the results showed TOPSIS analysis and cluster analysis are highly consistent with each other. But TOPSIS method is the best comprehensive method for the evaluation of resistance in wheat breeding to the aphids. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Agronomic characteristic; Cluster analysis; Germplasm resources; Sitobion avenae; Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution method; Wheat (Triticum aestivum)	Aphididae; Sitobion avenae; Triticum aestivum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33747072838	Evaluation of the growth performance of brown swiss, n'dama and brown swiss x n'dama crossbred genotypes in the humid tropics	Ozoje M.O., Nwosu I.C., Ngere L.O.	2005	Journal of Genetics and Breeding	59	2	None	Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, College of Animal Sciences and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P.M.B.2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Ozoje, M.O., Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, College of Animal Sciences and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P.M.B.2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Nwosu, I.C., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ngere, L.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Growth performance traits of 549 calves of different genotypes, from a long term crossbreeding programme in a dual-purpose (meat and milk) herd were studied. The effects of genotype (N'Dama, Brown Swiss, F1s, F2s, 25%, 62% and 75% Brown Swiss backcrosses), year of birth, sex and season on growth rate and body weight at birth, weaning and at 365day of age were studied along with estimated genetic parameters. Genotype significantly (P<0.05) affected the growth parameters studied. At birth, the Brown Swiss (BS) calves with average weight of 31.50kg were significantly heavier than the N'Dama calves and the various crossbred progenies. Among the crossbreds, F1s weighing 26.02kg were significantly heavier when compared with the F2s, 75%, 62% and 25% Brown Swiss. At weaning, there was no significant difference between average body weight of F1s and Brown Swiss calves, whereas the differences between the Brown Swiss calves and calves of other genotype groups became wider. The weight advantage of the F1s and the Brown Swiss calves was consistently maintained till yearling age at 365 days. A general heterotic advantage was observed among the crossbred progenies. Individual and maternal heterosis was positive for all traits. Mortality rate was highest among the 75% BS calves. The significant (P<0.05) effect of year of birth affected all growth traits. Calves born in the earlier years were significantly heavier than those born the latter years. The lowest birth weight was recorded in the year 1987, while the heaviest was recorded in 1974. Similar trend was observed at weaning. Calves average daily gains were linearly related to live weight at birth and at weaning. Season significantly (P<0.05) affected weight at birth and at weaning. Calves born in the early dry season (October-December) were heavier at birth and at weaning. The estimate of heritability and repeatability were moderately high. The genetic and phenotypic correlations were all positive ranging from 0.12 to 0.77.	Birth weight; Crossbred calves; Genetic and phenotypic correlations; Heritability; Repeatability; Weaning weight; Yearling weight	Dama	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899675678	Reproductive performance of dairy cows under farmer's management in and around Mekelle, Ethiopia	Kumar N., Tkui K., Bisrat A.	2014	Livestock Research for Rural Development	26	5	None	College of Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle University, PO Box-231, Mekelle, Ethiopia	Kumar, N., College of Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle University, PO Box-231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Tkui, K., College of Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle University, PO Box-231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Bisrat, A., College of Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle University, PO Box-231, Mekelle, Ethiopia	The study was conducted on 475 milch animals comprising of 223 indigenous and 252 Holstein-Friesian (HF) crossbred cows maintained under farmer's management system in and around Mekelle, Ethiopia. Data were analyzed according to least squares analysis to study the magnitude and direction of variation in days open (DO), calving interval (CI) and number of services per conception (NSC) due to genetic and some non-genetic factors. The overall least squares means for DO, CI and NSC were 157.0±62.0 days, 453.6±88.3 days and 1.7±0.2 services, respectively. The genetic constitution of the animals influenced DO, CI and NSC significantly (p<0.01). Lactation order had significant effect on CI and NSC (p<0.01) and DO (p<0.05). Season of calving, location of the herd, herd size and farming system had not statistically significant effect on all traits.	Calving interval; Days open; Service per conception	None	None
WoS	WOS:000293382500007	A 3-year Cohort Study to Assess the Impact of an Integrated Food- and Livelihood-based Model on Undernutrition in Rural Western Kenya	Amoroso, L,Diru, W.,Fanzo, J.,Kim, D.,Lelerai, E.,Masira, J.,Muniz, M.,Mutuo, P.,Negin, J.,Nemser, B.,Palm, C.,Pronyk, P. M.,Remans, R.,Sachs, J. D.,Sachs, S. Ehrlich,Sanchez, P.,THOMPSON, B,Wariero, J.	2011	COMBATING MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES: FOOD-BASED APPROACHES	None	None	None	Columbia University, KU Leuven, University of Sydney, Biovers Int	"Kim, D.: Columbia University","Negin, J.: University of Sydney","Pronyk, P. M.: Columbia University","Remans, R.: KU Leuven","Sanchez, P.: Columbia University",	Reducing extreme poverty and hunger is the first Millennium Development Goal (MDG). With undernutrition contributing to one third of all child deaths, improving nutrition is a precondition for accelerating progress towards other MDG targets. While the role of technical interventions such as micronutrient fortification and supplementation in reducing morbidity and mortality has been well documented, evidence to support more comprehensive multi-sectoral approaches remains inconclusive. This chapter aims to evaluate the impact of an integrated food- and livelihood-based model on nutrition-related outcomes in rural western Kenya. A 3-year prospective cohort study was undertaken among 300 randomly selected wealth-stratified households. Detailed socio-economic and health surveys were conducted. A nutrition module assessed household levels of food security, food consumption frequency and diet diversity. This was complemented by anthropometric measurement and assessments of serum levels of vitamin A among children under 5 years old. The average food insecurity score decreased from 5.21 at baseline to 4.13 at follow-up (P &lt; 0.0001). Average diet diversity scores for daily, weekly and monthly time periods increased from 6.7 to 7.3; from 10.7 to 11.2; and from 12.4 to 12.6, respectively (P &lt; 0.0001). Daily consumption for 14 out of 16 food groups increased significantly. For children under 2 years of age, underweight and stunting decreased from 26.2% to 3.9% (P = 0.002) and from 62.3% to 38.3% (P = 0.014), respectively. Vitamin A deficiency as measured by serum vitamin A levels decreased from 70.0% to 33.3% (P = 0.007) for children under 5 years old. This study presents encouraging evidence that a multi-sectoral food- and livelihood-based model can improve diet quality, enhance food security and positively affect childhood nutritional outcomes. The wider application of this approach to a diversity of agro-ecological zones in sub-Saharan Africa is currently being assessed.	"diet diversity",Food-based,"FOOD SECURITY",multi-sectoral,STUNTING,"VITAMIN A","CHILD UNDERNUTRITION","DIETARY DIVERSITY",GROWTH,HEALTH,INTERVENTIONS,OPPORTUNITY,"VITAMIN-A INTAKE"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000239414300012	Design and evaluation of a drama-based intervention to promote voluntary counseling and HIV testing in a south African community	Bekker, Linda-Gail,Middelkoop, Keren,Myer, Landon,Smit, Joalida,Wood, Robin	2006	SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES	33	8	None	Columbia University, University of Cape Town	None	Background. Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) services are a major component of HIV prevention and treatment efforts. We developed a drama-based intervention to promote VCT services in a peri-urban community in South Africa. Methods: Young adults from the community received training in HIV/AIDS and drama, and developed sketches to address perceived barriers to VCT. Over 12 months, 80 performances were held in busy community settings. The intervention was evaluated through changes in VCT uptake at the local clinic compared with comparable communities nearby. Results: After the start of the intervention in August 2003, a 172% increase in the uptake of VCT services was observed in the intervention community. This was significantly greater than demand for VCT in either of the control communities during the same period (P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusion: A structured, community-based education program based on drama can lead to substantial increases in the demand for VCT services in resource-limited settings.	,BEHAVIOR,UGANDA	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955909023	Factors contributing to the academic performance of students in a private university in Kenya: A case of Daystar university	Karimi F.K.	2010	International Journal of Learning	17	8	None	Commission for Higher Education in Kenya, Kenya	Karimi, F.K., Commission for Higher Education in Kenya, Kenya	There are student-related factors that significantly contribute to the academic performance of undergraduate students in the universities. This study aimed at identifying the factors that contribute to the academic performance of undergraduate students in the universities, using Daystar University as a case. The study also sought to establish the perception of students on the factors that contribute to their academic performance in the university. The study employed both descriptive and path analyses in establishing the factors that contribute to the academic performance of students in the university. Students' final high school grade, English Language proficiency, self-regulatory learning strategies and extrinsic goal orientation were observed to have direct effects on the academic performance of the students in the university. On the other hand, self efficacy, locus of control, intrinsic goal orientations and personality traits were observed to have indirect effects on the academic performance of students in the university. Most of the students perceived the self-regulatory learning strategies to be the greatest determinant of their academic performance in the university. There is need for students as well as their mentors to promote the positive contributors while discouraging the negative ones while enhancing the students academic performance in the university. Transitional issues from high school to tertiary level of education should not be overlooked as a factor contributing to the academic performance of students in the university. Further research is required on the external factors that contribute to the academic performance of students in the university. A replica of the same study in other universities within the country was also deemed necessary. © Common Ground, Florah K. Karimi.	Academic performance; Age; Attitudes; English language proficiency; Goal-orientations; Personality traits; Prior high school grade; Self-regulatory learning strategies; Undergraduate students	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77958105531	Production performance of dual purpose crosses of two indigenous with two exotic chicken breeds in sub-tropical environment	Bekele F., AdnoØy T., GjoØen H.M., Kathle J., Abebe G.	2010	International Journal of Poultry Science	9	7	None	Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Arboretveien 6, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Department of Animal and Range Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia	Bekele, F., Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Arboretveien 6, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway, Department of Animal and Range Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia; AdnoØy, T., Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Arboretveien 6, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; GjoØen, H.M., Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Arboretveien 6, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Kathle, J., Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Arboretveien 6, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Abebe, G., Department of Animal and Range Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia	An ongoing crossbreeding experiment is being conducted with the objective of producing dual purpose synthetic chicken for village poultry production in Ethiopia. The two exotic chicken breeds used were the Fayoumi (F) and Rhode Island Red (R) as dam line, whereas the two indigenous chicken breeds used were the Naked neck (N) and local Netch (W); a white feathered chicken. The indigenous breeds were used as sire line to produce the hybrids FN (F♀ X N♂) and RW (R♀ X W♂). Growth and egg production performance of the crosses were compared with each other and with the exotic pure line performance. Both body and egg weight of FN was improved while body weight of RW was reduced and age at first egg was significantly reduced, compared to their respective dam line. Egg production for the crosses was lower than for their maternal lines. Although FN cross chicks weighed more and grew faster than RW chicks during the brooding period, the difference became insignificant as they grew older. However, the higher overall average body weight gain of RW crosses that was observed was mainly due to higher weight gain for the RW cocks. No significant differences were observed in overall egg production and quality traits between the two crosses, but significant age effect within crosses was found. Mortality in the FN cross was lower than in the RW cross. These F1 crosses will be used as parents to produce a 4-way synthetic crossbred chicken. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Body weight; Egg production; Egg quality; References; Two-way crossing	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36349008165	The impact of onset controllability on stigmatization and supportive communication goals toward persons with HIV versus lung cancer: A comparison between Kenyan and U.S. participants	Miller A.N., Fellows K.L., Kizito M.N.	2007	Health Communication	22	3	None	Communication Department, Daystar University, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Communication Studies, University of North Carolina Wilmington, United States; c/o University of North Carolina Wilmington, Department of Communication Studies, Leutze Hall No. 226, 601 S. College Rd., Wilmington, NC 28403-5933, United States	Miller, A.N., Communication Department, Daystar University, Nairobi, Kenya; Fellows, K.L., Department of Communication Studies, University of North Carolina Wilmington, United States, c/o University of North Carolina Wilmington, Department of Communication Studies, Leutze Hall No. 226, 601 S. College Rd., Wilmington, NC 28403-5933, United States; Kizito, M.N., Communication Department, Daystar University, Nairobi, Kenya	This study examined the impact of controllability of onset (i.e., means of transmission), disease type (HIV and lung cancer), and culture (Kenya and U.S.) on stigmatizing attitudes and goals for supportive communication. Four hundred sixty-four Kenyan students and 526 American students, and 441 Kenyan nonstudents and 591 American nonstudents were randomly assigned to 1 of 12 hypothetical scenario conditions and asked to respond to questions regarding 3 different types of stigmatizing attitudes and 6 types of supportive communication goals with respect to the character in the scenario. Means of transmission had a strong effect on the blame component of stigma, but none on cognitive attitudes and social interaction components. Similarly, although an effect for means of transmission emerged on intention to provide "recognize own responsibility" and "see others' blame" types of support, no effect was evident for most other supportive interaction goals. Although effects for culture were small, Kenyan participants, student and nonstudent alike, were not as quick as American participants to adopt goals of communicating blame in any direction. Implications for measurement of stigma in future research are discussed. Copyright © 2007, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.	None	adolescent; adult; aged; article; attitude to health; comparative study; control; cultural factor; educational status; epidemiology; female; health behavior; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Kenya; lung tumor; male; middle aged; psychological aspect; questionnaire; social psychology; social support; student; United States; university; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Attitude to Health; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Educational Status; Female; Health Behavior; HIV Infections; Humans; Internal-External Control; Kenya; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Precipitating Factors; Prejudice; Questionnaires; Social Support; Stereotyping; Students; United States; Universities	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858214429	Evaluation of interference in inter-working multi-hop wireless networks	Salami O., Bagula A., Chan H.A.	2010	International Journal of Security and its Applications	4	4	None	Communication Research Group, Electrical Engineering Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa	Salami, O., Communication Research Group, Electrical Engineering Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Bagula, A., Communication Research Group, Electrical Engineering Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Chan, H.A., Communication Research Group, Electrical Engineering Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa	The consequence of simultaneous transmissions by nodes in inter-working multi-hop wireless networks is inter-node interference. Inter-node interference is a metric that is important for the performance evaluation of inter-working wireless networks. Several interference models exist in literature, however, these models are for specific wireless networks and MAC protocols. Due to the heterogeneity of link-level technologies in interworking multi-hop wireless networks, it is desirable to have generic models for the evaluation of interference on links in such networks. A generic model can provide information about the interference level on a link irrespective of the MAC protocol in use. This paper presents a generic interference model. The model evaluates the probability of interference and uses the negative second moment of the distance between a receiver-node and interfering-nodes to evaluate the interference power on a link in an inter-working multi-hop wireless network. Numerical results of the performance of the model are presented.	Inter-working; Interference; Multi-hop; Wireless networks	Generic models; Inter-node interferences; Inter-working; Interference level; Interference models; Interference power; MAC protocol; Multihop; Multihop wireless network; Numerical results; Performance evaluation; Second moments; Simultaneous transmission; Medium access control; Wave interference; Wireless networks	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856885740	Impact of conflict on agricultural production in the Niger-Delta: Evidence from Cross River State, Nigeria	Ofem N.I., Ndifon H.M., Angba A.O., Effiong J.B., Akinmosin O.C.	2012	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	10	1	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar, P. M. B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria	Ofem, N.I., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar, P. M. B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Ndifon, H.M., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar, P. M. B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Angba, A.O., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar, P. M. B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Effiong, J.B., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar, P. M. B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Akinmosin, O.C., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar, P. M. B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria	The study determined the impact of conflicts on agricultural production in the Niger Delta of Nigeria with specific evidence from Cross River State. The state was purposively selected because of its high rate of communal conflict. A multi-staged sampling procedure was employed and respondents were randomly sampled from two different communities where conflicts have occurred over time. A total of 60 respondents were used for the study. Data were collected from respondents using personal interviews, with the aid of structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics as well as inferential statistics (ordered probit regression) were used to analyze data. Results from the descriptive analysis revealed that a greater percentage of the respondents (63.33%) were farmers, 41.67% were youths between the ages of 21 and 40 years, majority (56.67%) had low educational attainments and there was a high level of unemployment (90%) in the area, while 25 percent of the respondents earned as low as N30,000 or less per-annum. The results of the hypotheses tested revealed that there is a significant relationship between conflicts and respondents' socio-economic characteristics such as age, occupation, marital status, family size, education and employment status while gender, income and infrastructure were not significant. The result also showed a significant but negative relationship between agricultural GDP and conflict. Therefore, the study noted that strategies and programmes aimed at addressing the socio-economic needs of the people and investments in agriculture were required to stem the spate of conflicts in the Niger-Delta region of Nigeria.	Agricultural production; Clashes; Communal; Conflict; Impact; Niger-delta; Probit; Regression; Violence	adult; age; agricultural worker; article; community dynamics; conflict; crop production; educational status; family size; female; human; interview; male; marriage; Nigeria; occupation; social status; structured questionnaire; unemployment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874253215	Impact of adopting enterprise resource planning systems by commercial organizations in Kenya	Abdullabhai M., Acosta F.	2012	DLSU Business and Economics Review	21	2	None	Computer Pride Ltd, Nairobi, Kenya; Strathmore Business School, Nairobi, Kenya	Abdullabhai, M., Computer Pride Ltd, Nairobi, Kenya; Acosta, F., Strathmore Business School, Nairobi, Kenya	The purpose of our research is to understand the benefits Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems render to commercial organizations in Kenya and to understand the challenges that affect the ERP Implementation process. These benefits and challenges have direct impact on the performance of the business; therefore the study seek to understand the complexity of these two factors. Thirty five organizations participated in our research. We established what kind of benefits were realized by various sizes of organization adopting ERP systems, and the differences that exist among challenges and benefits with respect to the size of the organization and age of ERP System. Lastly, our research also identifies how various benefits and challenges are interconnected and interdependent. © 2012 De La Salle University, Philippines.	Benefits; Challenges; ERP systems; Implementation; Kenyan business environment	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866245432	Particle-capturins performance of South African non-corrosive samplers	Pretorius C.J.	2011	Journal of the Mine Ventilation Society of South Africa	64	4	None	Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa	Pretorius, C.J., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa	In view of the international drive to eliminate silicosis, it is critical that reliable and consistent results are obtained from respirable dust sampling and analysis so that effective control measures can be implemented on mines. Two locally manufactured samplers were evaluated to determine how they perform in terms of the sampling of respirable dust. Various laboratory controlled tests were conducted to determine the physical and aerodynamic properties of the samplers and the particle size distribution of each filter sampled with one of the samplers. Results showed that there was relatively good consistency among the samplers from the same supplier. However, the two groups of samplers produced different results from one another. It is recommended that respirable dust samplers be subjected to more tests after manufacturing to ensure good quality control. Measuring one or two properties alone is insufficient to deem a sampler suitable for use within the general mining industry.	None	Aerodynamic properties; Control measures; Controlled tests; Non-corrosive; Respirable dust; Particle size analysis; Dust	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78449281971	Effect of stage and intensity of defoliation on the performance of vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp)	Ibrahim U., Auwalu B.M., Udom G.N.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	18	None	Crop Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria; Agronomy Department of Agronomy, Bayero University Kano, Kano State, Nigeria; Department of Agronomy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria	Ibrahim, U., Crop Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria; Auwalu, B.M., Agronomy Department of Agronomy, Bayero University Kano, Kano State, Nigeria; Udom, G.N., Department of Agronomy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria	Field experiments were conducted in 2006 and 2007 on the experimental farm of the Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zaria to determine the effect of stage and intensity of defoliation on the performance of vegetable cowpea. The treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design replicated three times. The treatment consisted of factorial combination of three growth stages (vegetative, flowering and podding) and five defoliation intensity (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100). Artificial defoliation was carried out at each of the stages at different intensities. Defoliation for vegetative, flowering and podding were carried out at 5, 7 and 9 weeks after sowing respectively. Cowpea defoliated at the early stages just prior to podding significantly (p < 0.05) reduced both growth and developmental characters. Also, the yield and yield components were significantly reduced by early defoliation. The intensity of defoliation significantly affected the growth and development of cowpea and the yield loss increased as the percentage of defoliation was higher. The interaction between stage and intensity of defoliation was significant for pod yield and shows that defoliating up to 50% at vegetative and flowering stages was detrimental to yield of vegetable cowpea. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Defoliation intensity; Developmental characters; Vegetable cowpea; Vegetative characters; Yield component	Vigna unguiculata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920283501	In vitro and greenhouse evaluation of botanical extracts for antifungal activity against phythopthora infestans	Ngadze E.	2014	Journal of Biopesticides	7	2	None	Crop Science Department, University of Zimbabwe, P.O.Box. MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Ngadze, E., Crop Science Department, University of Zimbabwe, P.O.Box. MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	The aim of this study was to evaluate plant extracts for antifungal activities against Phythopthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, an important pathogen of potato which causes late blight disease. Acetone, ethyl acetate and water extracts of garlic (Allium sativum L.), Pawpaw (Carica papaya), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Mexican marigold (Tagetes minuta) and peri –winkle (Vinca rosea) were screened in vitro for their antifungal activities against Phythopthora infestans using the disc agar infusion and microtitre double-dilution techniques. The same extracts were then tested for antifungal activity in vivo in the greenhouse on inoculated potato plants. The water extracts of Allium sativum and Azadirachta indica were active against Phythopthora infestans and had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) of 1.65 mg/ml. MICs of Allium sativum, Azadirachta indica and Tagetes minuta acetone extracts were 0.78, 3.13 and 6.5 mg/ml respectively against Phytophthora infestans. Allium sativum and Azadirachta indica water and acetone extracts performed well and they effectively reduced potato late blight in the greenhouse. These extracts compared well with the reductions due to application of Ridomil, a synthetic fungicide applied at 42.5g/l (active ingredient) and also with levels in the non-inoculated control. Allium sativum and Azadirachta indica were effective both in vitro and in vivo in controlling late blight have a potential to be used as fungicides against the disease. The plants are readily available and the extraction method is also simple and could lead to high adoption as fungicides by resource poor farmers. © 2014, Crop Protection Research Centre. All Rights Reserved.	Allium sativum; Azadirachta indica; Carica papaya; Fungicidal; Phytophthora infestans; Tagetes minuta; Vinca rosea	Allium sativum; Asimina triloba; Azadirachta indica; Carica papaya; Catharanthus roseus; Phytophthora infestans; Solanum tuberosum; Tagetes minuta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-73449106812	Patterns of income diversification in rural Nigeria: Determinants and impacts	Babatunde R.O., Qaim M.	2009	Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture	48	4	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Germany	Babatunde, R.O., Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Qaim, M., Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Germany	While the determinants of rural income diversification have been analyzed in various developing countries, the results remain somewhat ambiguous. Likewise, many previous studies failed to consider the impacts of diversification. Hence, more research is needed to understand what conditions lead to what outcomes and to identify appropriate policy responses. Here, we analyze the situation in rural Nigeria based on recent survey data. The majority of households is fairly diversified; 50% of total income is from off-farm sources. Strikingly, richer households tend to be more diversified, suggesting that diversification is not only considered a risk management strategy but also a means to increase overall income. Econometric analysis confirms that the marginal income effect is positive. Yet, due to market imperfections, resource- poor households are constrained in diversifying their income sources. Reducing market failures through infrastructure improvements could enhance their situation, while, at the same time, promoting specialization among the relatively better off.	Farm households; Income diversification; Nigeria; Off-farm activities	developing world; development strategy; econometrics; income distribution; off-farm employment; policy approach; rural area; rural economy; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38849104411	Effect of indigenous storage method on performance of taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] under field conditions in a warm subtropical area	Modi A.T.	2007	South African Journal of Plant and Soil	24	4	None	Crop Science Discipline, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Modi, A.T., Crop Science Discipline, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Successful crop stand establishment, a critical prerequisite for efficient crop production, is primarily determined by propagule quality. Taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] corms of different sizes (80-100 g corm-1, 40-60 g corm-1 and 20-30 g corm-1) that had been stored in soil pits at different depths (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 cm) were compared for stand establishment, leaf area and yield during two seasons, under rainfed (upland) conditions. Propagule size and pre-planting storage depth increased both the number of plants reaching the third leaf stage and leaf area per plant one month after planting. The large propagules improved stand establishment and yield significantly (P&lt;0.01) better than the smaller propagules. For all propagule sizes, the optimum storage depth to enhance taro propagule performance for crop production was ∼ 40 cm. When the large propagules were compared with the smaller propagules at the optimum pre-planting storage depth, there was 10% to 30%, no difference and 5% to 35% improvement in leaf area, stand establishment and yield, respectively. This study confirmed the potential role of local knowledge in traditional agriculture, and the findings can be used to extend the planting season for dryland taro production in South Africa.	Propagules; Storage; Taro; Upland production	agricultural practice; crop plant; crop production; crop yield; farmers knowledge; leaf area; performance assessment; storage; subtropical region; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Colocasia esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45349108989	On-farm evaluation and consumer acceptability study of selected tetraploid Musa hybrid in Ghana	Dzomeku B.M., Armo-Annor F., Adjei-Gyan K., Ansah J., Nkakwa A., Darkey S.K.	2008	Journal of Plant Sciences	3	2	None	Crops Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; World Vision Ghana, Assin- Foso, Ghana; Bioversity International, Douala, Cameroon	Dzomeku, B.M., Crops Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Armo-Annor, F., World Vision Ghana, Assin- Foso, Ghana; Adjei-Gyan, K., World Vision Ghana, Assin- Foso, Ghana; Ansah, J., World Vision Ghana, Assin- Foso, Ghana; Nkakwa, A., Bioversity International, Douala, Cameroon; Darkey, S.K., Crops Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana	An agronomic study was conducted to evaluate three Musa hybrids (BITA-3 - cooking banana, FHIA-21 and CRBP-39- both hybrid plantains) with five hundred farmers in the two Assin districts in the Central region of Ghana. At harvest sensory evaluation was carried out on the three hybrids for use as fufu, ampesi and ripe fried plantain to access their acceptability at four locations in the two districts. The results showed that there was no significant difference (p<0.05) between the numbers of leaves at flowering among the hybrids across the locations. The hybrids showed superiority over the local check in terms of number of functional leaves from flowering to harvest. All the hybrids (FHIA-21, CRBP 39, BITA-3 and FHIA-25) exhibited stable performance in yield and growth characteristics across the locations. FHIA-25 was however late maturing (18-20 months) whereas BITA-3 was early maturing (10-12 months). Nevertheless, the bunch weight (40-50 kg) of FHIA-25 could be said to have compensated for the long crop cycle. Daughter sucker production by FHIA-25 was also low (two daughter suckers at flowering). BITA-3 was roboust and sturdy with pseudostem girth of 60 cm carrying an average bunch weight of 25 kg. All the hybrids were resistant to the black Sigatoka disease. These results suggested that the performance of the hybrids was not influenced by the seasons or locations. It implies that under good management practices, farmers would be assured of good yields irrespective of time or season of planting so long as there is adequate supply of moisture. The results of the sensory evaluation indicated that there were no significant differences (p<0.01) between FHIA-21 and CRBP-39 and the local Apantu across the location, across the parameters and the recipes assessed. FHIA-21 and CRBP-39 were the most prefened and compared favourably with the local triploids (Apantu and Apem) with BITA-3 the least preferred. The hybrids were accepted for ripe fried plantain at stages 3 and 4 of ripening. Beyond these stages of ripening, the hybrids could only be used for other processed food recipes. © 2008 Academic Journals Inc.	Agronomy; Musa hybrids; Sensory evaluation	Musa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548790817	Sensory evaluation of four FHIA tetraploid hybrids for Kaakle (a Local Dish) in Ghana	Dzomeku B.M., Darkey S.K., Bam R.K., Ankomah A.A.	2007	Journal of Plant Sciences	2	6	None	Crops Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana	Dzomeku, B.M., Crops Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Darkey, S.K., Crops Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Bam, R.K., Crops Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Ankomah, A.A., Crops Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana	The success of the introduction of any new Musa hybrid hinges on the acceptance of common dishes prepared from these hybrids by the local people. A study was conducted to assess the consumer acceptability of four FHIA hybrids (FHIA-21, FHIA-01, FHIA-03 and FHIA-25 for a popular food preparation called kaakle with local Apantu (local False Horn plantain) as control. Kaakle is prepared by blending the pulp of over-ripened pulp of plantain or banana fruits. The paste produced is mixed with 20% corn flour. Salt and spices are added to the composite paste produced to taste. The composite paste is then packaged and wrapped in green plantain leaves and boiled for 1 h. In some localities it is boiled for 1 h especially in the evening and left on fire overnight. It is eaten without sauce after peeling off the plantain leaves. An untrained panel reflecting the range of social class of consumers within the ethnic group was presented with coded samples of the food preparation. All the varieties were accepted for use in preparing kaakle with overall acceptance ranging from 70% (FHIA-25) to 100% (FHIA-21 and FHIA-01). The local Apantu and FHIA-21 were highly accepted compared to the other hybrids. In the processed form the tetraploid hybrids compare favourably with the triploids. There was a significant difference in the overall acceptance between cooking bananas (FHIA-25 and FHIA-03) and plantains (FHIA-21) and dessert banana (FHIA-01). This is not surprising since in the raw ripe state the cooking bananas have low sugar content. FHIA-25 in the raw ripe state lack the banana aroma associated with bananas. The results indicated that considering the food habit of the ethnic group, the new varieties that may be rejected in some localities may receive favourable responses from others. It is therefore relevant to allow various ethnic groups to evaluate new hybrids according to the food habits and if possible release these varieties as ecotypes. © 2007 Academic Journals Inc.	Cooking banana; Hybrid; Plantain; Sensory evaluation	Musa; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33947331379	Field evaluation of a novel pyrrolizidine alkaloid attracticide for the management of Zonocerus variegatus on cabbage	Timbilla J.A., Lawson B.W., Yeboah-Gyan K.	2007	Journal of Applied Sciences	7	4	None	Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Timbilla, J.A., Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Lawson, B.W., Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Yeboah-Gyan, K., Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Cabbage, Brassica oleraceae var. capitata is an important vegetable grown and consumed in Ghana. Apart from infestations of the lepidopterous Plutella xylostella and Hellula undalis resulting from continuous cultivation, a new pest Zonocerus variegatus has been reported to causing damage to the crop. The efficacy of a novel pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) based novel PA-attracticide developed from treating the roots of the neophyte, Chromolaena odorata which contains PAs with Carbofuran 3G for the management of Z. variegatus was tested using cabbage as a test crop in field caged plots. Field caged plots of cabbage artificially infested with Z. variegatus were treated with and without PA-attracticide in addition to a control treatment of caged cabbage plot with no insect and PA-attracticide. The experimental design was a RCB replicated three times in two ecological zones. The results showed that the establishment, leaf and head damage of cabbage was statistically the same in the PA-treated plots and the control treatment. These treatments, however, performed significantly better than the treatment without PA-attracticide. The results obtained holds promise for mitigating the menace of the grasshopper on cabbage using PA based attracticides. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Brassica oleracea; Chromolaena odorata; Hellula undalis; Plutella xylostella; Pyrrolizidine alkaloids; Zonocerus variegatus	Brassica oleracea; Chromolaena odorata; Hellula undalis; Plutella xylostella; Pyrrolizidine alkaloid; Zonocerus variegatus; Alkaloids; Crops; Nitrogen compounds; Metabolites	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69749116335	The performance profile of Dioscorea rotundata cultivar Dorban genotypes in Ghana using GGE biplot analysis	Otoo E., Asiedu R.	2009	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	7	1	None	Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; IITA, PMB 5320, Oyo Road, Oyo, Ibadan, Nigeria	Otoo, E., Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Asiedu, R., IITA, PMB 5320, Oyo Road, Oyo, Ibadan, Nigeria	Twenty-two genotypes of D. rotundata cultivar Dorban consisting of 19 botanically developed seeds and 3 vegetative checks were evaluated in 15 environments from 2000 to 2004 using CRD to assess the effect of genotype and genotype x environment interaction on the tuber yield of 22 white yam (D. rotundata L. cv. Dorban) genotypes via GGE (genotype plus genotype x environment) biplot methodology. The GGE biplot procedure was used to determine the yield potential and stability of the genotypes. Significant differences (p<0.001) were observed in all cultivars with respect to genotype, environment and genotype by environment interactions. Biplot analysis identified three mega-environments corresponding to the three agroecologies - Fumesua (Forest) was the most representative and discriminating environment followed by Bodwease (Coastal Savannah) and Wenchi (Forest-Savannah Transition). Genotypes Gdo02, Gdo03, Gdo20 and Gdo01 including the three checks were identified as superior. Genotype Gdo016 was the worst genotype.	D. Rotundata; Genotype x environment interaction; Genotypes	agroecosystem; article; cultivar; genotype; Ghana; yam; Dioscorea alata; Dioscorea rotundata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845422044	Cultivar evaluation and mega-environment investigation of Dioscorea cayenensis cultivars in Ghana based on the GGE biplot analysis	Otoo E., Asiedu R.	2006	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	4	04-Mar	None	Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, Oyo, Ibadan, Nigeria	Otoo, E., Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Asiedu, R., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, Oyo, Ibadan, Nigeria	Cultivar evaluation and mega-environment identification are the most important objectives of multi-environment trials (MET). The objective of this study was to assess the effect of genotype and genotype x environment interaction on the tuber yield of 18 yellow yam (D. cayenensis L.) genotypes via GGE (genotype plus genotype x environment) biplot methodology. Experiments were conducted using a completely randomized design (RCD) 4 years at 3 locations (12 environments). The biplot analysis identified three D. cayenensis mega-environments in Ghana. The first mega-environment contained Wenchi 2002 (WEN02) with G10 as the winning genotype; Genotype 16 won in the second mega-environment consisting of Wenchi 2004 (WEN04), Bodwease 2001 (BOD01), Bodwease (BOD02), Fumesua 2001 (FUM01), Wenchi 2003 (WEN03), Bodwease 2004 (BOD04) and Fumesua 2002 (FUM02) and the winning genotype at Fumesua 2003 (FUM03), Wenchi 2001 (WEN01), Bodwease 2003 (BOD03) and Fumesua 2004 (FUM04) (the third mega-environment) was Genotype 17. Two thirds of the tested genotypes were identified as redundant. Genotype 16 was the most stable and highest yielding genotype and Genotype 11 the poorest. Genotypes 16 and 17 were closest to the ideal genotype. FUM02 and BOD04 were closest to the ideal environment with BOD04 as the best and WEN02 the poorest environment.	Dioscorea cayenensis; GGE; Ghana; Yams	Dioscorea alata; Dioscorea cayenensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-64549099309	Nitrogen dynamics in land cleared of alien vegetation (Acacia Saligna) and impacts on groundwater at Riverlands nature reserve (Western Cape, South Africa)	Jovanovic N.Z., Israel S., Tredoux G., Soltau L., Le Maitre D., Rusinga F., Rozanov A., van der Merwe N.	2009	Water SA	35	1	None	CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 32, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Department of Soil Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Ninham Shand Consulting Service, PO Box 1347, Cape Town 8000, South Africa	Jovanovic, N.Z., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 32, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Israel, S., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 32, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Tredoux, G., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 32, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Soltau, L., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 32, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Le Maitre, D., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 32, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Rusinga, F., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 32, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa, Ninham Shand Consulting Service, PO Box 1347, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; Rozanov, A., Department of Soil Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; van der Merwe, N., Department of Soil Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Woody invading alien plants, many of which are nitrogen-fixing legumes (Fabaceae family), are currently cleared in South African catchments to reduce water loss and preserve streamflow, and for the restoration of the ecosystem. This study tested the hypothesis that clearing invasive alien vegetation may disturb the vegetation-micro-organism-soil N cycling system by producing a large once-off input of fresh tree litterfall rich in N and by eliminating a large N sink. Three experimental plots were established at the Riverlands Nature Reserve (Western Cape, South Africa): a site invaded by Acacia saligna to be used as control; a site cleared of Acacia saligna; and a site with natural vegetation to be used as background. Nitrogen concentrations in soil and groundwater, volumetric soil water contents, root density and weather conditions were measured during 2007. Oxidised forms of nitrogen, in particular NO3-, were dominant in the system. Recharge and leachate were simulated with the HYDRUS-2D model and used as inputs into Visual MODFLOW to predict the spatial distribution of nitrate plus nitrite (NOx) in groundwater. NOx levels in soil and groundwater were higher in alien-invaded areas compared to fynbos-covered land. A quick release of NOx into groundwater was observed due to high residual N reserves in the rooting zone, decreased evapotranspiration and increased recharge in the treatment cleared of alien vegetation. In the long run, high NOx concentrations in groundwater underlying cleared land will last only until all the excess nitrogen has been leached from the soil. A decrease in NOx concentration in groundwater can be expected thereafter. Clearing land of alien invasive legumes may therefore have a beneficial effect by reducing groundwater contamination from NOx and reducing water losses in catchments.	Acacia saligna; Forest clearing; Groundwater contamination; Nitrate leaching; Riverlands nature reserve	Acacia saligna; Forest clearing; Groundwater contamination; Nitrate leaching; Riverlands nature reserve; Catchments; Contamination; Evapotranspiration; Forestry; Groundwater; Groundwater pollution; Hydrogeology; Leaching; Nitrogen; Nitrogen fixation; Runoff; Size distribution; Soil moisture; Underground reservoirs; Underwater soils; Vegetation; Water supply; Water treatment; catchment; concentration (composition); evapotranspiration; forest clearance; groundwater flow; groundwater pollution; hydrogeochemistry; hydrological modeling; hypothesis testing; introduced species; leachate; leaching; legume; nitrogen cycle; nitrogen fixation; nitrogen oxides; pollution control; recharge; restoration ecology; soil nitrogen; soil water; streamflow; Forestry; Geology; Ground Water; Land; Leaching; Natural Resources; Nitrate Groups; Nitrogen; Pollution; Reserves; Rivers; Soil Analysis; Transpiration; Water Quality; Water Treatment; Africa; Riverlands Provincial Nature Reserve; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Western Cape; Acacia; Acacia saligna; Fabaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958129745	Bubbles in South African house prices and their impact on consumption	Das S., Gupta R., Kanda P.T.	2011	Journal of Real Estate Literature	19	1	None	CSIR Built Environment, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Das, S., CSIR Built Environment, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Gupta, R., University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Kanda, P.T., CSIR Built Environment, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	This study tests for house price bubbles in the South African housing market using quarterly data from 1969:Q2 to 2009:Q3, based on the unit root test developed by Phillips, Wu, and Yu (2010). The findings indicate house price bubbles in the aggregate, large, medium, and small-middle segments, but not in the luxury and affordable segments. Next, symmetric and asymmetric versions of an Error Correction Model (ECM) are used to investigate the spillover effects from the housing sector onto consumption. Results indicate significant and asymmetric spillovers, with consumption responding significantly to house price deceleration, although there is no evidence of the effect being higher during the bubble period.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36248971166	The storm that rocks the boat: The systemic impact of gated communities on urban sustainability	Landman K.	2007	CyberGeo	2007	None	None	CSIR Built Environment, Pretoria, South Africa	Landman, K., CSIR Built Environment, Pretoria, South Africa	This paper is concerned with the impact and implications of gated communities on urban sustainability. This is investigated making use of an overarching methodological framework based on the internationally accepted Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) model, developed by the OECD. Additional to the simple causal flow from drivers to responses are the dynamic relationships between these five aspects. The paper discusses each of these issues and the relationships between them as they pertain to gated communities in South Africa. Gated communities, as complex systems, necessitate the consideration of a multiplicity of feedback loops with internal rates of flow that are determined by non-linear relationships. Only in this way can the full extent of their impact and implications on urban sustainability be assessed.	None	gated community; modeling; storm; sustainability; urban area; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548647421	The effect of coarse edge on wool spinning performance and yarn properties	Botha A.F., Hunter L.	2007	South African Journal of Science	103	42433	None	CSIR Materials Science and Manufacturing, P.O. Box 1124, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa; Department of Textile Science, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa	Botha, A.F., CSIR Materials Science and Manufacturing, P.O. Box 1124, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa; Hunter, L., Department of Textile Science, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa	The interrelationship of natural fibre, yarn and fabric properties is both important and complex, and has attracted considerable research. An area which has received little attention is that concerning the effect of fibre diameter distribution, notably of relatively coarse fibres, on processing behaviour and yarn and fabric properties, except for their well-known effect on handle and prickle (scratchiness). Prickle is an unpleasant sensation sometimes experienced with garments worn next to the skin. The effect of fibre diameter distribution, of coarse fibres (or coarse edge, CE) in particular, on spinning performance and yarn properties, was investigated for 400 different wools. Multiple regression analyses were carried out to quantify the relationships between all the main fibre properties, including CE, on the one hand, and the spinning performance and yarn properties on the other hand. We found that CE had no significant effect on spinning performance and yarn properties, except for yarn neps and yarn hairiness. These findings are important for sheep breeding practices as well as for selecting the most appropriate wools when yarn of a specified quality is to be processed, because attention needs be paid only to fibre diameter, not to coarse edge.	None	regression analysis; research work; sheep; wool; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-24144474579	Measuring the impact of HIV and STIs in a community in a coal mining town, Mpumalanga, South Africa	Hurkchand H., Makuluma H., Molefe N., Molapo M.	2005	Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy	105	6	None	CSIR Mining Technology, South Africa	Hurkchand, H., CSIR Mining Technology, South Africa; Makuluma, H., CSIR Mining Technology, South Africa; Molefe, N., CSIR Mining Technology, South Africa; Molapo, M., CSIR Mining Technology, South Africa	Background: A cross-sectional study was conducted in November 2001 to establish the prevalence rates of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoea) in a coalmining town in Mpumalanga. Methods: 155 adults were recruited (79 males and 76 females), by holding community meetings, and by door-to-door recruitment. Saliva and urine specimens were collected for the analysis of HIV and STI prevalence, respectively. Results: The mean age for males was 31.35 years (min = 19 yrs and max = 50 yrs) and the mean age of the female participants was 31.90 years (min = 17 yrs, max = 49 yrs). The prevalence of HIV was found to be 22.78% [95% CI (14.09-33.59)] in the males vs. 47.37% [95% CI (35.79-55.16)] in the females, [p = 0.001, OR = 3.05, 95%CI (1.49-6.26)]. The prevalence of C trachomatis was 7.90% [95% CI (2.95-16.39)] in the males vs. 12.86% [95% CI (6.05-23.00)] in the females, p = 0.324. The prevalence of N. gonorrhoea was 3.79% [95% CI (0.79-1.08)] in the males vs. 9.86% [95% CI (4.06-19.26)] in the females, p = 0.137. HIV was significantly associated with C. trachomatis, [p = 0.032, OR = 3.18, 95% CI (1.04-9.72)], but was not significant when stratified by gender. HIV was not significantly associated with N.gonorrhoea (p = 0.072) but it was significantly associated when stratified by gender, p = 0.001 for females. There were no significant associations between HIV and age (p = 0.408), even upon stratification by gender. Conclusions: HIV prevalence in this community is high, and corresponds to national figures. However, the prevalence of STIs is surprisingly low as it would be expected to be high in a migrant population. Although communities are exposed to expanding peer-education activities that encourage behaviour change, the prevalence of HIV in this group. There is an urgent need for interventions designed to treat or prevent HIV infection in women generally and in women at high risk. © The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2005.	Antenatal; HIV prevalence; Mining; STI prevalence	Antenatal; HIV prevalance; STI prevalance; Disease control; Population statistics; Social aspects; Viruses; Coal mines	None
None	None	Evaluation of essential oils as seed treatment for the control of xanthomonas spp. associated with the bacterial leaf spot of tomato in Tanzania	Mbega E.R., Mabagala R.B., Mortensen C.N., Wulff E.G.	2012	Journal of Plant Pathology	94	2	None	Danish Seed Health Centre for Developing Countries, Department of Agriculture and Ecology, University of Copenhagen, Hoejbakkegaard, Allé 13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark; African Seed Health Centre, Department of Crop Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O.BOX 3005, Morogoro, Tanzania	Mbega, E.R., Danish Seed Health Centre for Developing Countries, Department of Agriculture and Ecology, University of Copenhagen, Hoejbakkegaard, Allé 13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark, African Seed Health Centre, Department of Crop Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O.BOX 3005, Morogoro, Tanzania; Mabagala, R.B., African Seed Health Centre, Department of Crop Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O.BOX 3005, Morogoro, Tanzania; Mortensen, C.N., Danish Seed Health Centre for Developing Countries, Department of Agriculture and Ecology, University of Copenhagen, Hoejbakkegaard, Allé 13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark; Wulff, E.G., Danish Seed Health Centre for Developing Countries, Department of Agriculture and Ecology, University of Copenhagen, Hoejbakkegaard, Allé 13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark	Bacterial leaf spot (BLS) caused by Xanthomonas spp. is a serious and a major constraint to tomato production worldwide. The seed-borne nature of BLS, the complex nature of the disease, which is caused by different bacterial species and the current ineffective control measures have made the evaluation of alternative control compounds for seed treatment necessary. Therefore, the efficacy of 11 essential oils applied as seed treatments to control Xanthomonas perforans in tomato and the effect on seed germination and seedling growth was evaluated. Seed treatment with oils of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globules Labill.), rosemary (Rosmarinus of-ficinalis L.) and niaouli (Melaleuca viridiflora Sol. ex Gaertn.) at 2% concentration inhibited the growth of X. perforans in the in vitro assays and consistently reduced the incidence and severity of BLS in planta tests. Negative effects on seed germination and seedling growth were not observed when tomato seeds were treated with the essential oils of eucalyptus and rosemary. Therefore, eucalyptus and rosemary oils can be used for seed treatment to control BLS in tomato. Further investigation is required on the shelf life of these oils, mode of action and their effects on other seed-borne pathogens of tomato and in other crop systems in Tanzania.	Bacterial disease; Control; Essential oils; Seed treatment; Xanthomonads	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870826383	Effects of male-female exposure period on some reproductive parameters of grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus) and the pre-weaning growth performance of their young ones	Hagan B.A., Asafu-Adjaye A., Darfour-Oduro K.A., Boa-Amponsem K.	2012	Livestock Research for Rural Development	24	12	None	CSIR-Animal Research Institute, P. O. Box AH 20, Achimota, Ghana	Hagan, B.A., CSIR-Animal Research Institute, P. O. Box AH 20, Achimota, Ghana; Asafu-Adjaye, A., CSIR-Animal Research Institute, P. O. Box AH 20, Achimota, Ghana; Darfour-Oduro, K.A., CSIR-Animal Research Institute, P. O. Box AH 20, Achimota, Ghana; Boa-Amponsem, K., CSIR-Animal Research Institute, P. O. Box AH 20, Achimota, Ghana	The effect of male-female exposure period on some reproductive parameters of grasscutter was undertaken at the Grasscutter Unit of CSIR-Animal Research Institute, Pokuase between June 2008 and December 2009. Twenty-eight female grasscutters and 10 males were paired in the first round of mating whilst 29 females and 15 males were used in the second round of mating. Mating colonies of grasscutter were subdivided into three groups based on male-female exposure periods (M-FEP) of 4, 6 and 8 weeks. The mean litter size, time of exposure to parturition (TEP) and litter sex ratio were 3.96±0.32, 164.7±1.45 days and 0.43±0.05 respectively. The time to conception (TC) was 12.7±1.45 days. Male-female exposure period did not affect (P>0.05) TC, litter size, TEP, and litter sex ratio. Conception rate and percentage littering were higher for females that were exposed for 6 weeks. Sixty-four percent (64%) of all females that conceived did so within two weeks expo sure to the males. The pre-weaning average daily gain of the young grasscutters was 5 g/day. This study suggests that male-female exposure periods did not have any significant effect on reproductive traits of grasscutters. Grasscutter farmers could therefore separate their females after 2 weeks of exposure and the extra males can be fattened and sold for income generation.	Conception rate; Gestation length; Litter size; Mating; Time to conception	Animalia; Thryonomys swinderianus	None
WoS	WOS:000324601100001	Situational analysis and expert evaluation of the nutrition and health status of infants and young children in five countries in sub-Saharan Africa	Ake-Tano, Odile,Alles, Martine,Diouf, Saliou,Eussen, Simone,Lakati, Alice,Mauras, Celine,Oduwole, Abiola,Tanya, Agatha	2013	FOOD AND NUTRITION BULLETIN	34	3	None	Danone, University of Lagos, University of Yaounde I, AMREF, Inst Pediat Social UCAD	"Alles, Martine: Danone","Eussen, Simone: Danone","Mauras, Celine: Danone","Oduwole, Abiola: University of Lagos","Tanya, Agatha: University of Yaounde I",	Background. The poor feeding practices of pregnant women, infants, and young children contribute to the burden of malnutrition and subsequently to childhood morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Gaining insight into the nutritional and health status of infants and young children will help to focus future nutrition programs and actions. Objective. To assess the nutrition and health status of infants and young children in five sub-Saharan African countries: Ivory Coast, Senegal, Cameroon, Kenya, and Nigeria. Methods. Published and gray literature was critically reviewed and enriched with the views of local experts from academia, hospitals, and institutions to assess infants' and children's diet and health in the five sub-Saharan African countries. Subsequently, the Africa Nutriday Conference was held in Senegal in November 2011 to further discuss key challenges, action plans, and recommendations for future research. Results. This review highlighted the need for education of parents and healthcare professionals in order to increase their knowledge of breastfeeding, vaccination programs, and over- and undernutrition. An integrated health and nutrition surveillance is needed both to identify micronutrient deficiencies and to recognize early signs of overweight. These data will help to adapt nutrition education and food fortification programs to the target populations. Conclusions. Different countries in sub-Saharan Africa face similar nutrition and health issues and are currently not sharing best practices, nutrition programs, and scientific studies optimally. There is a need for closer collaboration among scientists within and between countries.	breastfeeding,CHILDREN,"HEALTH STATUS",INFANTS,NUTRITION,PREGNANCY,"SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA","FEEDING PRACTICES",INTERVENTIONS,KENYA,OBESITY,POLICIES,"PROGRAMMATIC ACTIVITIES",SAHEL,SENEGAL,UNDERNUTRITION	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84906094429	Sheep reproductive performance and lamb survivability under mature oil palm	Larbi E., Anim-Okyere S., Danso F., Danso I., Marfo-Ahenkora E.	2014	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	7	23	None	CSIR-Oil Palm Research Institute, P.O. Box 74, Kade, Ghana; CSIR-Animal Research Institute, P.O. Box AH 20, Achimota, Accra, Ghana	Larbi, E., CSIR-Oil Palm Research Institute, P.O. Box 74, Kade, Ghana; Anim-Okyere, S., CSIR-Oil Palm Research Institute, P.O. Box 74, Kade, Ghana; Danso, F., CSIR-Oil Palm Research Institute, P.O. Box 74, Kade, Ghana; Danso, I., CSIR-Oil Palm Research Institute, P.O. Box 74, Kade, Ghana; Marfo-Ahenkora, E., CSIR-Animal Research Institute, P.O. Box AH 20, Achimota, Accra, Ghana	The study examines the seasonal reproductive performance of sheep reared under oil palm plantation and the subsequent survival of lambs up to weaning age. On-station studies were carried out from 2007 to 2010 at CSIR-Oil Palm Research Institute, Kusi (001.45 W, 0600 N and 150 m above sea level). The average total rainfall is about 1600 mm/annum with average daily maximum temperature of 32±2oC. Sheep productivity (% lambing, litter size per ewe, survival rate, monthly birth and death rates) were the variables measured. An annual average of 58 ewes and 4 lambs were used. Results show that while lambing rate was 98%, lamb survival was 63.84%. This implies that almost two-fifth of yearly reproduction was lost to mortality with significantly large number of lambs dying in August. Though there was high percentage of lambing, this was offset by high mortality of lambs. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2014.	Lamb mortality; Lamb survivability; Oil palm sheep-integration; Sheep productivity	None	CSIR, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650406475	Evaluation of soybean [Glycine max(L) Merrill] genotypes for adaptability to a southern Guinea savanna environment with and without P fertilizer application in north central Nigeria	Aduloju M.O., Mahamood J., Abayomi Y.A.	2009	African Journal of Agricultural Research	4	6	None	Dapartment of Agronomy, University of Ilorin, P.M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Lower Niger River Basin Development Authority, P. M. B. 1529, Ilorin, Nigeria	Aduloju, M.O., Dapartment of Agronomy, University of Ilorin, P.M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Mahamood, J., Lower Niger River Basin Development Authority, P. M. B. 1529, Ilorin, Nigeria; Abayomi, Y.A., Dapartment of Agronomy, University of Ilorin, P.M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria	Cultivar evaluation is essential to ascertain the superiority of the newly developed genotypes over the established cultivars in terms of yield and adaptation to an ecology. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate some of the recently developed soybean genotypes with and without P fertilizer application for adaptability to southern Guinea savanna ecology of Nigeria. The study was carried out at the experimental field of the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, during the 2003 and 2004 cropping seasons. Application of 30 kg P ha-1 resulted in significantly higher growth and grain yield parameters compared to no P application. Grain yield was consistently significantly higher for TGX 1448-2E than for other genotypes including the established cultivar, TGX 923-2E over the two cropping seasons. Significant year x genotype effect indicated that grain yields were significantly different between the two cropping seasons for TGX 1830-20E, TGX 1740-2F and TGX 1871-12E in 2004, while there was no significant variation for grain yield for TGX 1448-2E, TGX 1844-18E and TGX 1869- 31E for the two years. This suggests stable grain yields in the latter genotypes and hence good adaptability, while the former ones showed unstable productivity under adverse soil moisture condition resulting from lower rainfall in 2003, and thus were deemed unsuitable for the southern Guinea savanna ecology which is highly prone to drought conditions. Simple linear regression analysis revealed that number of pods per plant was the most important factor influencing grain yield in this study. In conclusion, TGX 1448-2E was the genotype best adapted genotype to the southern Guinea savanna ecology and thus it can successfully replace TGX 923-2E the existing cultivar. Nevertheless, TGX 1844-18E and TGX 1869-31E are promising as drought tolerant genotypes. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Adaptability; New soybean genotype; P fertilizer application; Southern Guinea savanna ecology	Glycine max	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646706087	Milk production level and calf-rearing system affecting Boran, Ethiopian zebu cattle breed, cow-calf performance	Yilma Z., Gojjam Y., Shumye M.	2006	Livestock Research for Rural Development	18	5	None	Dairy Technology, Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization, Holetta Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 31, Holetta, Ethiopia	Yilma, Z., Dairy Technology, Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization, Holetta Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 31, Holetta, Ethiopia; Gojjam, Y., Dairy Technology, Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization, Holetta Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 31, Holetta, Ethiopia; Shumye, M., Dairy Technology, Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization, Holetta Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 31, Holetta, Ethiopia	Milk yield, reproductive performance, dry matter intake, milk composition and calf growth were studied for Boran (Ethiopian zebu breed) cows under different milk production levels and calf rearing methods. 39 Boran cows in their 2 nd and 3 rd parities were used for the study in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with main factors being suckling (partial suckling Vs non-suckling) and milk yield (low- and high-yielding). Suckling has resulted in increased total milk yield as compared to non-suckling in both milk yield groups: 793 Vs 369 kg for low-yielders and 1142 Vs 819 kg for high-yielders. Suckling and high-yielding cows consumed 0.6 kg and 0.8 kg more concentrate and total dry matter daily than non-suckling and low-yielding cows, respectively. Non-suckling and high-yielding cows produced 52 kg and 31 kg, respectively more hand-milked milk monthly (P&lt;0.05) than suckling and low yielding cows. Although partial suckling resulted in reduced fat percentage in milk obtained through hand milking, total milk yield was increased. Partial suckling, however, prolonged calving to first heat, days open and cycling compared with non-suckling. Suckling also resulted in higher (P&lt;0.01) average daily weight gain to weaning. Smallholder dairy enterprises in Ethiopia that are based on local cows need to consider the importance of suckling for increased productivity of the farm particularly in terms of milk yield and calf growth rate. As suckling resulted in increased milk yield, this practice should be accompanied by improved feeding. Further studies are needed in this line to address the economic implications of such practice. The need for similar studies under different production systems is also imperative to determine and implement the most appropriate strategy to improve overall life time productivity of local cows that include reproduction traits, milk production, calf growth and survival with suckling practices.	Boran; Feed intake; Growth; Milk production; Partial-suckling; Reproduction	Bos indicus; Bos taurus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867365953	Impacts of tsetse challenge on herd composition and mortality, lactation and reproductive performance of cattle in Dawuro Zone of Southern Region, Ethiopia	Tigicho T., Belihu K., Terefe G.	2012	Revue de Medecine Veterinaire	163	42591	None	Dawuro Zone Agricultural Department, Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State, Ethiopia; National Livestock Consultant, FAO-Ethiopia-DRRU, Awash Field Office, P.O.Box: 5536, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Pathology and Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box. 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	Tigicho, T., Dawuro Zone Agricultural Department, Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State, Ethiopia; Belihu, K., National Livestock Consultant, FAO-Ethiopia-DRRU, Awash Field Office, P.O.Box: 5536, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Terefe, G., Department of Pathology and Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box. 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	The study was conducted in southern Ethiopia to compare herd composition, mortality, milk yield and reproductive performance of cattle in tsetse-challenged and tsetse-free areas. Questionnaire surveys were made with 156 households, and 30 pre-partum cows were selected for a follow-up study on milk yield and occurrence of the first postpartum heat. Accordingly, whereas the herd size was not significantly modified, the proportions of female calves and lactating or dry pregnant cows were significantly higher and those of dry non pregnant cows significantly lowered in the tsetse free areas than in the challenged ones. Cows in the tsetse affected areas exhibited significantly lower average milk yield and lactation length as well as significantly reduced reproductive performance (increases in the age at first calving, in the calving interval and in the number of services for conception). Additionally, the mortality rates for the whole herd and for each production type were dramatically increased in the tsetse challenged areas. It can be concluded that tsetse-challenge and associated trypanosomiasis seriously affect herd composition and performances of cattle in the Dawuro Zone.	Cattle; Herd composition; Milk yield; Mortality; Reproductive performance; Trypanosomiasis; Tsetse challenge	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955820304	The impact of geographic expansion on intended identity of an organisation	Spittal R.D., Abratt R.	2009	Journal of General Management	35	3	None	Dean, School of Graduate and Continuing Studies, Olivet Nazarene University, Illinois, United States; Huizenga School of Business and Entrepreneurship, Nova Southeastern University, Florida, United States; Wits Business School, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa	Spittal, R.D., Dean, School of Graduate and Continuing Studies, Olivet Nazarene University, Illinois, United States; Abratt, R., Huizenga School of Business and Entrepreneurship, Nova Southeastern University, Florida, United States, Wits Business School, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa	As organisations grow and expand past their operational headquarters, individual branches may reflect a different identity than that of the headquarters. The question then is, 'Is senior management able to transcend geographical boundaries and communicate the identity that has shaped their strategy for the organisation?.' The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of geographical expansion on the reflected perceptions of internal stakeholders related to the organisation's intended identity as defined by the senior management. The authors review the literature on identity in relation to image and reputation in order to seek answers to this question. The paper concludes with four propositions that need to be tested empirically in the future.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952876784	Effects of feed restriction on production and reproductive performance of Rhode Island red pullets	Tesfaye E., Tamir B., Haile A., Dessie T.	2009	African Journal of Agricultural Research	4	7	None	Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Tesfaye, E., Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Tamir, B., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; Haile, A., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Dessie, T., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The study examined the effect of skip a-day feed restriction on Rhode Island red chicken and evaluated the effect in relation to age, body weight, egg quality, weight of reproductive tract and liver at the onset of egg laying. Two hundred 40 day-old chicks with mean body weight of 48.92 ± 1.53 g were randomly distributed to 12 pens each with 20 chicks, representing 4 feeding regimen of T1 (unrestricted, control), T2 (restricted at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of age), T3 (restricted at 35, 42, 49 and 56 days of age) and T4 (restricted at 63, 70, 77 and 84 days of age). Feed restriction was based on skipping a-day once in a week and the next day's feed offer was based on the previous day's feed intake. The average day to lay first egg was significantly longer (P < 0.05) for T3 treatment groups compared with the others. The values were 140.8 ± 0.8, 140.17 ± 2.5, 147 ± 2.2 and 143.83 ± 2.3 days for T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups, respectively. There was also highly significant (P < 0.01) difference in body weight (1305 ± 13.2, 1374.3 ± 23.2, 1352 ± 23.5 and 1429.23 ± 44.5 g for T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups, respectively) and the values were higher for birds restricted at later age of growth. Egg weight at the onset of egg lay for the respective treatments were 42.68 ± 0.72, 42.43 ± 1.91, 47.9 ± 0.87 and 41.88 ± 0.77 g. Pullets of T4 group had significantly (P < 0.01) heavier uterus weight and longer length in absolute term than the control. Except for yolk diameter and shell thickness (P < 0.05), the egg quality parameters considered were not significantly (P > 0.05) different between the treatment groups. The result revealed the conclusion that feed restriction by skip a-day feeding system at T3 resulted in higher egg weight and can be considered as the optimum age for pullet rearing. Additionally, feed restriction at T4 could also be recommended due to heavier uterus weight and longer length in absolute term as these attributes indicate good consistency for the subsequent egg production. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Body weight; Egg quality; Feed restriction; Onset of egg laying; Skip a-day	Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861540570	Novel size and shape measurements applied to jig plant performance analysis	Voigt A.E., Twalat C.	2012	Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy	112	3	None	DebTech, De Beers Group Services (Pty) Ltd., South Africa; Kumba Iron Ore Ltd., South Africa	Voigt, A.E., DebTech, De Beers Group Services (Pty) Ltd., South Africa; Twalat, C., Kumba Iron Ore Ltd., South Africa	Iron ore samples representing the input and output of several jigging experiments were analysed to determine the effect of particle size, shape, and density on jigging performance. Traditionally, the manual measurement of the size and shape of individual particles is very tedious and prone to inaccuracies and inconsistencies. Using a novel multi-view imaging technique the 3-dimensional representations of each particle in the sample was determined. From this representation several size and shape measurements were extracted, and these were correlated with the individual particle density measurements. A rigorous investigation into the confidence associated with density and the size and shape features as a function of sample size was conducted, thus allowing the significance of correlations in the data to be determined. The jig's performance was seen to be clearly sensitive to density and markedly so to particle size, while the results for shape indicated the need for continued work in the definition of particle shape. © The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2012.	Density; Jig; MDS; Shape; Size	3-dimensional representation; Individual particles; Input and outputs; MDS; Multi-views; Particle shape; Plant performance; Sample sizes; Shape; Size; Size and shape; Density (specific gravity); Imaging techniques; Iron ores; Jigs; Particle size	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-31544457587	Economic performance of case study dairy farm in Southern Ethiopia	Ergano K., Nurfeta A.	2006	Livestock Research for Rural Development	18	1	None	Debub University, Awassa College of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Resource Economics and Management, P.O.Box 5, Awassa, Ethiopia; Debub University, Awassa College of Agriculture, Department of Animal and Range Sciences, P.O.Box 5, Awassa, Ethiopia	Ergano, K., Debub University, Awassa College of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Resource Economics and Management, P.O.Box 5, Awassa, Ethiopia; Nurfeta, A., Debub University, Awassa College of Agriculture, Department of Animal and Range Sciences, P.O.Box 5, Awassa, Ethiopia	Focus on agricultural development in Ethiopia has seen a shift towards the smallholder sector, which is home and employment provider to more than 85 percent of the population. However, the viability status of enterprises within this sector remain largely un-probed research area on-the-ground. This article, which is based on case study of dairy farm at Awassa College of Agriculture, presents results of an economic analysis of the real state, constraints and opportunities vis à vis the performance of the Colleges' dairy farm for the past five years. Through a Gross Margin Analysis at farm level, the study established that the dairy farm is economically quite viable. Gross margins ranging from Birr 3,589 to Birr 77,920 were obtained in the years considered. However, given the higher genetic potential of the dairy animals and unsatisfied demand for milk in the market, the performance is much less than desired. The cost of production of milk per liter ranging from Birr 1.29 to 1.98 as compared to the selling price of Birr 2 showed a very sensitive profit margin. Feed expense, which accounts for about 90 % of the total expenses, is a major expense of the dairy farm. Identified constraints to production include poor infrastructure, bad sanitary condition, lack of organized record system, bureaucratic bottlenecks, low quality feeds and inefficient purchasing system. Established opportunities for improvement include enhancing housing and sanitary conditions, timely harvesting and better storage of home-grown feeds, following a planned purchasing and selling systems, use of a well -organized record systems, as well as aiming at economic and efficient production in order to achieve sustained production and economic performance. It is recommended that the farm may be liberalized from bulky bureaucratic purchasing procedures of the University.	Awassa College of Agriculture; Dairy Farm; Economics; Ethiopia	Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862214424	Evaluation of factors influencing transmissivity in fractured hard-rock aquifers of the Limpopo province	Holland M.	2012	Water SA	38	3	None	Delta h, PO Box 66662, Woodhill 0076, South Africa	Holland, M., Delta h, PO Box 66662, Woodhill 0076, South Africa	Geologically-complex fractured aquifers underlie large parts of the semi-arid Limpopo Province where some of the greatest groundwater needs in South Africa occur. It is important to identify potentially high-yielding zones that can be targeted for water supply. The study covered 7 distinct groundwater regions within Limpopo Province, together covering about 63 500 km2. Results from over 4 000 pumping-test analyses indicated that geological setting (e.g. aureole of granitoids), proximity and orientation of dykes and lineaments and proximity of surface-water drainages may exert an influence on borehole productivity. Although dykes are poor groundwater targets, drilling dykes composed of dolerite may prove to be more successful. Lineaments striking perpendicular to the current maximum horizontal stress seem to be more favourable targets, which is inconsistent with the predicted regime. Due to the complex geological history, it is difficult to link open discontinuities to a distinct recent or past tectonic event. Regional stress-field data, as in this case, may not account for local, possibly highly significant, stress-field variations. The hydrogeological importance of several factors related to groundwater occurrence, can be used as a working reference for future groundwater-development programmes.	Borehole productivity; Groundwater; Limpopo province; Lineaments; Transmissivity	Fractured aquifer; Geological history; Geological setting; Granitoids; Hard-rock aquifers; Horizontal stress; Hydrogeological; Limpopo province; Lineaments; Semi arid; South Africa; Surface-water drainage; Tectonic events; Transmissivity; Aquifers; Groundwater; Hydrogeology; Productivity; Water supply; Groundwater resources; aquifer; borehole; data set; dike; drainage; fracture network; granitoid; groundwater resource; hard rock; history of geology; hydrogeology; lineament; pumping; semiarid region; stress field; tectonics; transmissivity; water supply; water yield; Limpopo; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863208880	On the performance modeling of outage probability in CDMA wireless networks	Ekpenyong M.E., Eromosele G., Isabona J.	2011	Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review	4	2	None	Dep. of Computer Scienc, University of Uyo, PMB. 1017 520003, Uyo, Nigeria; Dep. of Basic Science, Benson Idahosa University, PMB 1100, Benin City, Nigeria	Ekpenyong, M.E., Dep. of Computer Scienc, University of Uyo, PMB. 1017 520003, Uyo, Nigeria; Eromosele, G., Dep. of Computer Scienc, University of Uyo, PMB. 1017 520003, Uyo, Nigeria; Isabona, J., Dep. of Basic Science, Benson Idahosa University, PMB 1100, Benin City, Nigeria	Outage probability is a key performance measure for real time traffic in wireless networks and is often considered as more critical than drop call probability. In this paper, we study the outage probability in a wireless mobile environment, where the interferers are distributed on the ground. Taking into consideration the background noise and the cell radius, we formulate an outage probability model coupled with observed data from Airtel Nigeria formally Zain Communications Limited, a Telecommunication company operating in Nigeria and simulate the system's performance using the Java programming language. We also present a geographical information system (GIS) solution showing the distribution of signal outages at various base stations in Akwa Ibom State (East region) of Nigeria for observed and simulated data. A performance evaluation of these data reveals that our model could greatly improve the system's performance. The results obtained allow us to study the stability of the network and evaluate the network in a more efficient and accurate manner. © 2011 Kavala Institute of Technology.	Co-channel interference; Signal outage; Spatial traffic; Spectral efficiency	Background noise; CDMA wireless networks; Cell radius; Drop call probability; Geographical information systems; Nigeria; Observed data; Outage probability; Performance evaluation; Performance measure; Performance Modeling; Real time traffics; Simulated data; Spectral efficiencies; System's performance; Telecommunication companies; Wireless mobile environments; Geographic information systems; Spectrum analyzers; Wireless networks; Probability	None
WoS	WOS:000204015300006	The impact of Internet usage: A case study of Delta State (Nigeria) tertiary institutions	Ekruyota, G. O.,Oroke, G. U.,Ureigho, R. J.	2006	SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND ESSAYS	1	2	None	Delta State Polytechn	None	The Internet is one of the greatest recent advancement in the world of information technology and has become a useful instrument that has fostered the process of making the world a global village. However, despite the added benefits of the Internet to learning, teaching and research, there is no provision of effective Internet services in most of the tertiary institutions in Delta State. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the Internet for learning, teaching and research in institutions of higher learning in Delta State. Questionnaires were administered to students and staff in four tertiary institutions within the State. The results from the analysis of the responses showed that students and staff use Internet mainly for on-line chatting (24.89%) and e-mail (24.16%). The use of Internet as a source of research materials ranked third (23.21%). This study concludes that research would significantly improve through proper enlightenment, formal training on the use of Internet and provision of effective Internet services in tertiary institutions in Delta State.	E-MAIL,INSTITUTIONS,INTERNET,RESEARCH	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960928987	Impact of information computer technology on primary health care services to rural communities in niger delta region of nigeria	Anie S.O.	2011	Library Philosophy and Practice	2011	MAY	None	Delta State Polytechnic, Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria	Anie, S.O., Delta State Polytechnic, Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria	[No abstract available]	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860420828	The impact of gender on the use of the digital library at the University of Ibadan	Anie S.O.	2011	Library Philosophy and Practice	2011	JULY	None	Delta State Polytechnic, Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria	Anie, S.O., Delta State Polytechnic, Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria	[No abstract available]	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054112742	Evaluation of post-operative sensitivity and secondary caries in posterior composite restorations: A12month study	Agbaje L.O., Shaba O.P., Adegbulugbe I.C.	2010	Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice	13	4	None	Dental Department, Lagos General Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Agbaje, L.O., Dental Department, Lagos General Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria; Shaba, O.P., Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Adegbulugbe, I.C., Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Objective: To evaluate post-operative sensitivity and secondary caries associated with posterior composite restoration. Materials and Methods: The study involved restoration of occlusal andproximo-occlusal caries on premolars and molars of 62 patients seen at the out-patient clinic of the restorative department of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. The restorations were completed with a micro-hybrid light curing resin composite (Unolux BCS, UnoDent, England). Following total etch procedure and use of a type 2 (5th generation/one-bottle) adhesive. The USPHSC or modified Ryge criteria was employed for direct evaluation of the restorations over the 12 month period. Results: Post-operative sensitivity was 3.5% Bravo at baseline and 1.7% Bravo at 12 months. No significant change in result was recorded for post-operative sensitivity at the end of the evaluation period. 100% was recorded for the absence of secondary caries throughout the evaluation period up till the 6th month when a failed restoration scored 1.7% Bravo. At 12 months Alpha scores for secondary caries was 98.3%. Conclusion: Post-operative sensitivity was kept to a minimum and there were no occurrences of secondary caries.	Composite Restoration; Posterior Teeth; Sensitivity	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054102848	Evaluation of the mechanical and physical properties of a posterior resin composite in posterior adult teeth	Agbaje L.O., Shaba O.P., Adegbulugbe I.C.	2010	Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice	13	4	None	Dental Department, Lagos General Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Agbaje, L.O., Dental Department, Lagos General Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria; Shaba, O.P., Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Adegbulugbe, I.C., Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Objective: To evaluate the mechanical and physical properties of a micro-hybrid resin composite used in adult posterior restorations Materials and Methods: A micro-hybrid, light curing resin composite Unolux BCS Composite Restorative, (UnoDent, England) was used to restore 74 carious classes I and II cavities on posterior teeth of 62 adult patients. The restorations were evaluated immediately following placement (Baseline), at 1 week, 3months, 6months and 12months using the United States Public Health Service Criteria/Modified Ryge criteria for direct evaluation. Color matching, marginal stains and adaptation, wear and surface texture were evaluated. Ranging from best to the worst, the ratings were, Alfa, Bravo and Charlie. Results: 58 restorations were available for review at the 12th month evaluation, 15 patients bearing 21.6% of the restorations were lost to recall. Colour match scores were 89.6% Alpha at baseline and 74.1% at 12-month review. Marginal staining were 100% Alpha at baseline and 98.3% Alpha at the end of the evaluation period. Marginal adaptation at baseline was 100% Alpha this value dropped to 94.8% by the 12th month. Anatomical wear scores were 100% Alpha at baseline and scores dropped to 93.1% at the 12-month evaluation. At baseline, Alpha scores for Surface texture were 100%. A drop in Alpha scores to 93.1% at the first week review was maintained till the 12 month. Conclusion: Carefully controlled placement of micro-hybrid resin composite using the total etch and type 2 (one-bottle) adhesive can produce satisfactory posterior restorations on permanent teeth.	Composite adult teeth; Evaluation; Posterior resin; Properties	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859819106	Measuring the impact of trade finance on country trade flows: A South African perspective	Kohler M., Saville A.	2011	South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences	14	4	None	Deparment of Economics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Gordon Institute of Business Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Kohler, M., Deparment of Economics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Saville, A., Gordon Institute of Business Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Trade finance (or short-term credit) plays a crucial role in facilitating international trade yet is particularly vulnerable to financial crises as banks increase the pricing on all trade finance transactions to cover increased funding costs and higher credit risks. Whereas South Africa's financial institutions largely managed to strengthen their capital positions during the global financial crisis, the country's trade flows and access to capital (in particular trade finance and its costs) were hard hit by the crisis. Little is known about the extent of shortages or 'gaps' in trade finance and the impact of this on South Africa's recent trade performance. Whilst our research recognises that access to trade finance is not the main cause of South Africa's trade contraction, our research suggests that all else equal, a one percentage point increase in the interbank lending rate of our trade partner could reduce exports by approximately ten per cent.	Crisis; Exports; Trade finance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953725149	Evaluation of the 137Cs activity-depth profiles by the diffusion-convection model	Ajayi I.R., Raji A.T.	2010	International Journal of Physical Sciences	5	2	None	Deparment of Physics and Electronics, Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria; Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Ajayi, I.R., Deparment of Physics and Electronics, Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria; Raji, A.T., Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, South Africa	The diffusion-convection model of 137Cs transport has been used to evaluate the activity-depth profiles of soils in southwestern Nigeria in this study. The experimentally determined depth profiles were fitted into the diffusion-convection equation to obtain the diffusion coefficient D and the convective velocity u. Results obtained showed that the range of the diffusion coefficient was 0.72 - 1.02 cm2 per year while that of the convective velocity was from 0.07 to 0.16 cm per year. It was observed that the diffusion coefficient is higher than the convective velocity in all the sampling points. The low convective velocities obtained in all the locations may imply that convective rates of the radionuclide within the soil layers are insignificant compared to the diffusion rates. © 2010 Academic Journals.	137Cs activity; Convective velocity; Diffusion coefficient; Radionuclide; Soil depth	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745466544	Evaluation of nematicidal action of some botanicals on Meloidogyne incognita in vivo and in vitro	Agbenin N.O., Emechebe A.M., Marley P.S., Akpa A.D.	2005	Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics	106	1	None	Depart. of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; International Institute for Tropical Agriculture, Kano Station, Nigeria	Agbenin, N.O., Depart. of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Emechebe, A.M., International Institute for Tropical Agriculture, Kano Station, Nigeria; Marley, P.S., Depart. of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Akpa, A.D., Depart. of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Eggmasses or larvae of Meloidogyne incognita were exposed to varying concentrations of neem leaf (fresh and dry), Borelia sp., groundnut leaf and garlic bulb. Neem leaf and garlic bulb extracts inhibited hatching of eggmasses and were lethal to larva. A comparative study of neem and garlic bulb extracts prepared at 20% concentration and applied weekly at 25 ml per pot were carried out in the screenhouse. Each pot filled with 2 kg of pasturised soil was inoculated with 2 000 larvae of M. incognita by introducing 500 g of infested soil from tomato culture raised in the screenhouse. These extracts significantly reduced root-knot infection indices on tomato when compared to the control. However, garlic extract demonstrated greater potential than neem leaf extract in the control of root-knot infection of tomato in vivo.	Borelia sp.; Botanicals; Extracts; Garlicbulb; Meloidogyne incognita; Neem leaf	Allium sativum; Arachis hypogaea; Azadirachta indica; Lycopersicon esculentum; Meloidogyne incognita	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902785679	Evaluation of a Standard Operating Procedure for providing Pharmacotherapy follow up to inpatients [Evaluación de un procedimiento para brindar seguimiento farmacoterapéutico a pacientes hospitalizados]	Reyes H. I., Cruzata Q. Y., Vidal B. M.F., Bermúdez C. I.B., Nambatya W., Perrand R. M.V., Dutok S. C.M.	2013	Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Farmaceuticas	44	1	None	Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad de Oriente, Venezuela; Hospital General Docente 'Octavio de la Concepción y la Pedraja, Cuba; Empresa Comercializadora de Medicamentos Santiago de Cuba, Cuba; Instituto de Farmacia y Alimentos, Universidad de la Habana, Cuba; Uganda Australia Christian Outreach, Busabala road nursing home, Uganda; Hospital Oncológico de Santiago de Cuba, Conrado Benítez, Cuba; Universidad de Oriente, Departamento de Farmacia, Venezuela	Reyes H., I., Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad de Oriente, Venezuela; Cruzata Q., Y., Hospital General Docente 'Octavio de la Concepción y la Pedraja, Cuba; Vidal B., M.F., Empresa Comercializadora de Medicamentos Santiago de Cuba, Cuba; Bermúdez C., I.B., Instituto de Farmacia y Alimentos, Universidad de la Habana, Cuba; Nambatya, W., Uganda Australia Christian Outreach, Busabala road nursing home, Uganda; Perrand R., M.V., Hospital Oncológico de Santiago de Cuba, Conrado Benítez, Cuba; Dutok S., C.M., Universidad de Oriente, Departamento de Farmacia, Venezuela	To evaluate a Standard Operating Procedure for Inpatient Pharmacotherapy follow up. We performed the procedure given criteria the Third Granada Consensus related to pharmaceutical care. The evaluation was conducted through Delphi methodology and using indicators to determinate the efficacy of the procedure in the practice. The procedure included: object, application, departments, reference documentation, definitions, process development, registers, indicators and annexes. Experts suggestions (Kendall coefficient 0,8) were considered to improve the procedure. The application in five hospitals, reached a performance index of more than80 points, in all institutions. The procedure can be used as a tool to provide in inpatients a Pharmacotherapy follow up service, due to, the acceptable Kendall index value (expert's evaluation) and efficacy in the practice.	Clinical pharmacy; Hospital pharmacy; Pharmaceutical care; Pharmacotherapy follow up; Quality indicators	article; Delphi study; drug use; follow up; hospital patient; human; medical documentation; performance; pharmaceutical care; procedures; program efficacy; standard operating procedure	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867061211	A preliminary impact study of a university, school and private sector partnership project: Hope for disadvantaged students through mentorships [N Voorlopige impakstudie van 'n vennootskapsprojek tussen universiteit, skole en die privaat sektor: Hoop vir b	Le Cordeur M.	2012	Tydskrif vir Geesteswetenskappe	52	3	None	Departement Kurrikulumstudie (Afrikaans), Fakulteit Opvoedkunde, Universiteit Stellenbosch, South Africa	Le Cordeur, M., Departement Kurrikulumstudie (Afrikaans), Fakulteit Opvoedkunde, Universiteit Stellenbosch, South Africa	Successful access to higher education for black students in particular remains a challenge to all tertiary institutions in South Africa. This is the opinion of Prof. Russel Botman, Rector of Stellenbosch University (SU). It is therefore of concern that the SU strategic framework document (SU 2010a) states that the increase in our country's student population projected by the National Commission for Higher Education in 1997 (DBO 1997) has not been attained. This is in contrast with the University's vision for the future, which commits itself to an academic institution of excellence and a respected knowledge partner that contributes towards the development of South Africa and welcomes a diversity of people and ideas. But according to a report by the Centre for Higher Education Transformation (CHET) 1 little demographic transformation had occurred in respect of who participates in higher education. This is an indication that black students' chances of gaining access to university have in fact decreased. Despite this authorities continue to insist that the percentage of black students in public higher-education institutions be increased. The Ministry's vision is of a transformed, democratic, non-racial and non-sexist system of higher education that will promote equity of access and fair chances of success to all who are seeking to realise their potential through higher education (DBO 1997). The Vice-Rector of SU (Fourie 2009b:16) expands on this: "Besides the moral-ethical considerations, pressure is also being placed on universities by higher education policy to diversify their student and staff compositions and to remove measures that could exclude certain groupings". Stellenbosch University is thus under pressure to align its diversity profile with the transformation goals set by the government, as proclaimed in the White Paper on Higher Education of 1997. At the same time the University also experiences pressure from the broader community to answer to the call of alleviating poverty in disadvantaged communities (SU 2010a). However, the standard of teaching in previously disadvantaged schools in the surrounding areas is such that very few students qualify to further their studies at university level. The question therefore is what the University can do to draw students that will rise to these challenges. In his response the University announced a strategy referred to by the current vice-chancellor (Botman 2007) as a "pedagogy of hope". This seems to have been inspired by the neo-Marxist Brazilian educationalist Paulo Friere's publication Pedagogy of the oppressed (1970). According to this strategy the University will search for and exploit opportunities that will lead to "the farm owner's daughter and the farm worker's son sitting in the same class" (Botman 2007). This gave rise to initiatives such as the Rachel's Angels Schools Partnership Project, which is based on the principles of community interaction. 2 The project aims to build the capacity of promising students from disadvantaged communities with the aid of a mentorship programme. This will enable them to bridge the gap between school and university successfully. This article presents an overview of the project as well as a report on its impact. The educational theories which underpin the Rachel's Angels project can be considered to be constructivist in nature, founded upon a philosophy that is student centred and based on a view in which knowledge is not absolute, but is actively constructed by the student. The study aims to establish whether the project has achieved the desired outcomes. If employed successfully, SU will give effect to its transformation agenda, which includes increased participation by a diverse corps of students, willingness to react to social and economic needs and growing cooperation between higher education institutions and all sectors of society. The results of the impact study indicate that, despite growing pains, the project has already made a meaningful contribution in building the capacity of disadvantaged students. The implications for the University are to continuously engage in partnerships with previously disadvantaged schools in order to unlock the potential of disadvantaged students. Not only will it reflect positively on the University's diversity profile, but at the same time give meaning to the University's quest for a "pedagogy of hope".	Angels; Community interaction; Empowerment; Entrepreneurial skills; Mentoring; Mentors; Partnership in education; Protégé-mentee; Transformation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-83455217933	Evaluating food safety training impact on food handlers in the food service industry	Ababio P.F.	2011	Food Science and Technology	25	4	None	Department for Design and Technology Education, University of Education Winneba, Kumasi Campus, P. O. Box 1277, Ghana	Ababio, P.F., Department for Design and Technology Education, University of Education Winneba, Kumasi Campus, P. O. Box 1277, Ghana	Sixty eight personnel in the food service in Kumasi in the Ashanti Region, Ghana, with varied educational and job experiences were given training on basic food hygiene. Personnel were divided into 4 groups and each group given 8 hours full day training. Topics for training were broadly on 'Food Hygiene', 'Personal Hygiene', 'An Introduction to National and International Food Legislation and how it affects the food handler', and 'Fitness at work based on International Food Standards'. Most participants had an average awareness in food hygiene; this included an appreciation of what could be considered food hazards, whether food hazards are preventable, those in charge of ensuring food safety, and why food handlers need to keep their food safe for their customers. The standard examination consisted of questions like differences between 'use by' and 'best before' dates, the temperature range considered as the danger zone, the appropriate storage temperatures for storing long and short shelf-life products in the freezer, chilling temperatures and how to handle high risk products.	None	Chilling temperatures; Food hazards; Food hygiene; Food legislation; Food services; Foodservice industry; Personal hygiene; Risk products; Safety training; Shelf life; Storage temperatures; Temperature range; Accident prevention; Food storage; Hazards; Personnel; Personnel training; Food safety	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879701310	Information technology and the performance of accountants in the Nigerian oil and gas industry	Ogbonna G.N., Ebimobowei A.	2013	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	6	2	None	Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Department of Accounting, Faculty of Business Education, Bayelsa State College of Education Okpoama, Brass Island, Yenagoa, Nigeria	Ogbonna, G.N., Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Ebimobowei, A., Department of Accounting, Faculty of Business Education, Bayelsa State College of Education Okpoama, Brass Island, Yenagoa, Nigeria	This study investigates the effects of information technology on the performance of duties of Nigerian Accountants in the oil and gas industry. The 2 variables involved in the hypothesis tested are the performance of the duties of Nigerian Accountants which is the dependent variable and information technology which is the independent variable. The performance of the duties of Nigerian Accountants is operationally measured as the level of work performance assigned by primary data provided by 1423 respondents, where 347 accountants do not have any IT knowledge, 542 with minimal knowledge and 534 with sound IT knowledge and Z-test statistical tool was used to test the difference between 2 population means. Each respondent provided a pair of performance level for each group of Nigerian Accountants in oil and gas industry. The result shows that there is significant difference between the performance of duties of the Nigerian Accountants with IT knowledge and those without IT knowledge in the oil and gas industry. That is, those with IT knowledge perform better. It also shows that there is positive relationship between the performance of the duties of the Nigerian Accountants and IT. Based on these findings, the study concludes that IT exerts a great deal of impact on the performance of the duties of Nigerian Accountants and recommends that Nigerian Accountants should intensify their efforts in acquiring IT knowledge and skill, especially by method of on the-job IT training and re-training. The various oil and gas organizations and government where Nigerian Accountants work should as a matter of policy provide them with latest IT facilities that will improve their performance in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2013.	Accountants; Information technology; Nigeria; Oil and gas	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922069104	Quantifying quality management system performance in order to improve business performance	Smith R.A., Bester A., Moll M.	2014	South African Journal of Industrial Engineering	25	2	None	Department Industrial and Systems Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa	Smith, R.A., Department Industrial and Systems Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa; Bester, A., Department Industrial and Systems Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa; Moll, M., Department Industrial and Systems Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa	This study investigates current methods of measuring quality management system (QMS) performance. It introduces a methodology to quantify QMS performance in order to provide a reference point for improved QMS performance and, in turn, the business’s performance. By introducing metadata into historical or current QMS internal audit data, the study shows that it is possible, over time, to extract various levels of value-adding data, ranging from high-level, strategic, direction-oriented insight, to process effectiveness and implementation-level guidance. This is accomplished by a repeatable process of infusing cause and effect theming data and process-consequence severity data into the QMS auditfindings data, and subsequently analysing the additional metadata. © 2014 South African Institute of Industrial Engineering. All rights reserved.	None	Metadata; Business performance; Cause and effects; Internal audit; Process effectiveness; Quality management systems; Reference points; Quality management	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884476514	The impact of preschool feeding programmes on the growth of disadvantaged young children in developing countries: A systematic review of randomised trials	Els A., Walsh C.	2013	South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition	26	2	None	Department Nutrition and Dietetics, University of the Free State, South Africa	Els, A., Department Nutrition and Dietetics, University of the Free State, South Africa; Walsh, C., Department Nutrition and Dietetics, University of the Free State, South Africa	Background: Childhood malnutrition in developing countries contributes to developmental delays, as well as increased morbidity and mortality. The effectiveness of feeding programmes as a strategy to improve childhood malnutrition has been questioned. Objective: A systematic review was undertaken to examine the effectiveness of preschool feeding programmes in fostering the growth of children in developing countries. Design: A systematic literature search was undertaken to identify published studies that related to the objective. Studies had to be randomised intervention studies that reported on the growth outcomes of children from birth to six years of age in order to be included. Setting: An initial literature search yielded 59 studies, of which 44 were excluded based on initial screening. Five more were omitted based on detailed data extraction. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. The results of these studies were compared and narratively described in the context of the objective. Results: The studies showed a great level of heterogeneity with regard to sample characteristics, intervention and reporting of results. In the context of recovery from malnutrition, most studies reported there to be a positive effect from feeding programmes. In studies that reported on weight gain, those that employed a supervised intake of food supplements resulted in higher rates of weight gain. Micronutrient fortification was described as having a positive influence on the rate of linear growth in studies that reported on linear growth. Intensive nutrition education aimed at mothers and caregivers is a sustainable way in which to change child feeding behaviour and may contribute to the effectiveness of nutrition intervention. Conclusion: The limitations of the study included the following: there was a low number (59) of identified studies in the initial search because of the use of limited search terms, assessment of risk of bias was carried out by only one reviewer using a self-designed grading system, there were high levels of heterogeneity, and less than half of the individual studies were rated to be of a high quality. In view of these limitations, no firm conclusion can be drawn. Additional research, aimed at determining the impact of supplementary feeding programmes in supporting the growth of disadvantaged children, is encouraged. © SAJCN.	Developing countries; Disadvantaged children; Growth; Preschool feeding programmes	trace element; Africa south of the Sahara; article; child; child death; child growth; child nutrition; data extraction; developing country; diet supplementation; dietary compliance; early intervention; food security; health food; human; information retrieval; maize; malnutrition; milk; nutrition education; nutritional deficiency; nutritional status; nutritional value; questionnaire; randomized controlled trial (topic); soybean; stunting; systematic review; underweight; weight gain; weight height ratio	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953354473	Comparative evaluation of predictive models in chromium adsorption	Okparanma R.N., Ayotamuno M.J., Akor A.J., Igoni A.H.	2009	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	8	7	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P. M. B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Okparanma, R.N., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P. M. B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Ayotamuno, M.J., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P. M. B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Akor, A.J., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P. M. B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Igoni, A.H., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P. M. B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	In this study, a comparative evaluation of first- and second-order kinetic models was carried out in order to evolve a better predictive model, as well as determine the limiting phenomenon, in the adsorption of chromium onto powdered activated carbon (PAC) during the tertiary treatment of the flocculation effluent of liquid-phase oil-based drill cuttings (LP-OBDC). The treatment of the LP-OBDC was done by mixing 1g of commercial PAC with 100ml of the flocculation effluent of initial chromium concentration (Co) of 5.01mg/l in a flask using magnetic stirring at 25°C. The residual concentration of chromium in the liquid phase, C (mg/l), was measured after different stirring times of 15, 60, 120, 180 and 1440 minutes. Then, the adsorption q (mg/g) was found for each period. Results show that equilibrium was attained within 60 minutes of contact time and the equilibrium concentration of the chromium (qe) was 3.94mg/g indicating that the PAC was able to adsorb 78.64% of the chromium at initial PAC concentration of 10g/l of effluent. The first-order rate constant, K1 was 9.84 x 10-5min-1 and the second-order rate constant, K2 was 0.3644g/mgmin. Using the first-order kinetics, the value of the equilibrium concentration of the chromium (qe) was deduced as 3.47 mg/g, whereas; the qe deduced with the second-order kinetics was 3.96mg/g. When compared with the value of the qe obtained experimentally (i.e. 3.94mg/g), it shows that experimental data fitted the second-order kinetics relatively better than the first-order kinetics (with R2 = 0.999998), indicating that the second-order kinetic model could be used to predict chromium adsorption in the treatment process. This result also indicates that the limiting phenomenon in the treatment process was more of mechanisms of adsorption than mass transfer resistance.	Activated carbon adsorption; Chromium removal; Kinetic models; Oil-field drill cuttings	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054734895	Determinants of performance: A cross generational analysis of Nigerian banks	Abdulraheem A., Yahaya K.A., Aliu O.A.	2011	European Journal of Social Sciences	24	4	None	Department of Accounting and Finance, Faculty of Business and Social Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Abdulraheem, A., Department of Accounting and Finance, Faculty of Business and Social Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Yahaya, K.A., Department of Accounting and Finance, Faculty of Business and Social Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Aliu, O.A., Department of Accounting and Finance, Faculty of Business and Social Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	The performance of banks is of importance to investors because it determines both the returns on investment and it is a measure of economic stability and secured investment environment. A number of factors are used in the measurement of bank performance in a typical developing economy. This study uses selected first and second generation banks in Nigeria to examine critical variables that may explain the performance of the banks. In all ten banks were purposively sampled to include each of first and second generation banks. For each generation, aggregate performance was computed as a proxy of the declared profit for 10 years. Aggregate value was also obtained for the dividend declared, amount retained for expansion, new shares sold out to the public, age of banks, customer base and shareholders fund. A multiple regression analysis of the variables adopted to examine the nature of the relationship between declared profit (y) and the variables (X1 -X6), where Y=a+biXi+b2X2+.........+bnXn. A structured questionnaire was also used to capture the perception of shareholders on bank performance in four out of the ten selected banks. The result of the study shows that the performance of a bank was accounted for by the amount of profit paid out as dividend. The profit withheld for expansion and new share sold to the public with the R2 value of 92.9% and double log of 97.7%. From the study bank performance is both a result of dividend paid out (92.9%) profit withheld for expansion (97.7%). Age of banks was show not to be related to the performance of banks. To corroborate this, the study showed that shareholders believe that the proportion of dividend paid to shareholders is a major determinant of performance. The study therefore recommends that Nigerian Banks should redirect their focus to early dividend payment and regular declaration of dividend as one of the tools of attaining better performance.	Bank performance; Determinants; Dividend payment; Shareholders	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941078348	The relationship between capital structure and financial performance of firms listed on the nairobi securities exchange	Otieno O.L., Ngwenya S.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	13	1CONT2	None	Department of Accounting and Finance, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Finance, Risk Management and Banking, School of Management Sciences, PO Box 392, UNISA, 0003, Preller Street, Muckleneuk Ridge, Pretoria, South Africa	Otieno, O.L., Department of Accounting and Finance, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya; Ngwenya, S., Department of Finance, Risk Management and Banking, School of Management Sciences, PO Box 392, UNISA, 0003, Preller Street, Muckleneuk Ridge, Pretoria, South Africa	Until now, researchers are not in consensus, whether it is the capital structure that influences performance or performance that influences capital structure or both. The main objective of this study was to establish the relationship between capital structure and financial performance of firms listed on the NSE by employing a generalised linear model (GLM) as an improvement on ordinary least regression (OLS). The results of the study revealed that efficient and profitable firms employ more debt than comparable firms that are less profitable possibly because profitable firms’ exposure to financial risk is low. There results also indicate that firms that use more debt outperformed those that use less debt. © 2015, Virtus interpress.All rights reserved.	Capital structure; Financial performance; General linear model; NSE; Ordinary least regression	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84944684024	Debt capital, firm performance and change of CEO in firms listed on the Nairobi securities exchange	Otieno O.L., Ngwenya S.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	13	1CONT6	None	Department of Accounting and Finance, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Finance, Risk Management and Banking, School of Management Sciences, UNISA, PO Box 392, Preller Street, Muckleneuk Ridge, Pretoria, Kenya	Otieno, O.L., Department of Accounting and Finance, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya; Ngwenya, S., Department of Finance, Risk Management and Banking, School of Management Sciences, UNISA, PO Box 392, Preller Street, Muckleneuk Ridge, Pretoria, Kenya	It is generally accepted that boards of directors play a fundamental role in corporate governance and the structure of the board plays a significant role in the functioning of a company (Jensen, 1993). The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between debt capital, firm performance, and change of CEO in firms listed on the NSE. The results of the study revealed that firms in which an individual shareholder has influence or controlling interest are reluctant to replace their CEO even when performance is below average. The results also revealed that the replacement of the CEO is not performance driven, but is debt capital driven. Specifically, the results suggest that medium leverage ratio is associated with change in CEOs on firms listed on the NSE. © 2015, Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved.	Change of CEO; Debt capital; Firm performance; NSE	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897137420	Does ownership structure affect firm performance? Evidence from Nigerian listed companies	Tsegba I.N., Achua J.K.	2011	Corporate Ownership and Control	9	1 F	None	Department of Accounting, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria	Tsegba, I.N., Department of Accounting, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria; Achua, J.K., Department of Accounting, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria	This paper examines the relationship between ownership structure and firm performance from the perspective of listed Nigerian companies. The sample comprises 73 companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange for which relevant financial data is available for the period 2001 to 2007. The empirical results obtained through ordinary least squares (OLS) analysis provide evidence which suggests that dominant shareholding, ownership concentration, and foreign ownership structures have no significant effect on firm performance. However, insider ownership is inversely related to firm performance. Two major policy implications emerge from the results of this study. First, since ownership structures such as, dominant shareholding, concentrated ownership, and foreign ownership have no significant effect on firm performance, government emphasis on them is misplaced. Second, insider ownership of Nigerian firms is to be monitored closely by shareholders due to the adverse effect of this ownership structure on firm performance.	Corporate governance; Corporate ownership structure; Dominant shareholder; Firm performance; Foreign ownership; Insider ownership; Nigeria; Ownership concentration	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41949096960	Style and organizational performance of Nigerian companies: An empirical analysis	Okafor C.	2008	Journal of Applied Sciences	8	2	None	Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Okafor, C., Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	In this study, an attempt is made to demonstrate the relationship between style and organizational performance. With data from randomly selected companies quoted on the 1st tier market of the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE), this study empirically established, using the ordinary least square, a relationship between style and organizational performance. The practical implication of this finding is that the employees of Nigerian quoted companies are sensitive to the leadership behaviour of their chief executives. Consequently, the research calls for employee centred leadership behaviour. © 2008 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Employee centred; Labour management; Leadership behaviour; Organizational performance; Team formation; Worker empowerment	Empirical analysis; Leadership behaviour; Nigerians; Ordinary least squares; Organizational performance; Stock exchange; Team formation; Worker empowerment; Industry; Human resource management	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874078832	Capital structure, corporate financial performance and shareholders' investment decisions: A survey of selected nigerian companies	Bassey B.E., Inah E.U.	2012	European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences	None	54	None	Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B.1115, Calabar, 8037983154, Nigeria	Bassey, B.E., Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B.1115, Calabar, 8037983154, Nigeria; Inah, E.U., Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B.1115, Calabar, 8037983154, Nigeria	This study examines capital structure, corporate financial performance and shareholders' investment decisions. The greatest issue striving against the management of any firm in Nigeria and the world over is how to minimize cost of capital and maximize shareholders wealth. To achieve this major objective, financial managers of firms need to understand the source of capital to finance the growth of the firm and also the efficient use of the available capital. The study made use of an ex-post facto design and the data collected through the use of questionnaires were analyzed using the ordinary least square (OLS) method. The results therefore revealed that capital structure have a significant relationship with corporate financial performance and shareholders' investment decisions. Based on the findings obtained the study therefore concluded that capital structure ratios significantly influence investment decisions in companies, with most investors preferring to invest in companies with a smaller debt/equity ratio. Finally, it was recommended that retained earnings should be the first source of financing a business venture before considering debt and equity. Where extra fund is needed, the company should preferably go for equity capital as the risk would be shared among the different investors. © EuroJournals, Inc. 2012.	Debt; Debt/equity; Dividend per share; Earnings per share; Equity; Return on asset; Return on equity	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857931469	Evaluation of ventilated underground pit structures for yam (Dioscorea Spp) storage	Nwakonobi T.U., Obetta S.E., Iorwtsav H.	2012	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	4	5	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria	Nwakonobi, T.U., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Obetta, S.E., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Iorwtsav, H., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria	Underground pit structures are commonly employed by farmers for on farm storage of yam (Dioscorea spp) in Nigeria and other parts of developing world. This traditional storage structure is used without provision for adequate air exchange or ventilation. This study investigated the performance of yams stored in underground pit structures provided with air vents. Three experimental pits of similar dimensions were constructed with Pit 1 installed with one PVC vent; Pit 2 had two PVC vents and Pit 3 without vent which served as control. 20 Kg weight of yams was loaded in each pit measuring 1.0 m in diameter and 0.65 m in depth. The results of the study show that a lowest temperature range of 30-38°C was maintained in pit 1 (improved) temperature range of 34-40°C in Pit 2 (semi-improved) while temperature in pit 3 range from 36-42°C. The relative humidity obtained were 84, 76 and 70% in pit 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The sprouting indexes obtained within 8 weeks storage period were 46.2, 53.8 and 76.9 for pit 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The cumulative weight loss obtained in pit 1, 2 and 3 were 44.8, 69.5 and 79.2%, respectively for the 8 weeks storage period. Increased in storage period for yams is possible with adequate ventilation in underground pit structure. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2012.	Air-vent; Nigeria; Pit air - thermal properties; Sprouting index; Underground structure; Yam storage	Air exchanges; Air vents; Air-vent; Cumulative weight; Developing world; Dioscorea spp; Nigeria; Pit structures; Sprouting index; Storage periods; Storage structures; Temperature range; Developing countries; Thermodynamic properties; Underground structures; Vents	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67549117347	Corporate governance and firm performance: The case of Nigerian listed firms	Kajola S.O.	2008	European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences	None	14	None	Department of Accounting, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria	Kajola, S.O., Department of Accounting, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria	This paper seeks to examine the relationship between four corporate governance mechanisms (board size, board composition, chief executive status and audit committee) and two firm performance measures (return on equity, ROE, and profit margin, PM), of a sample of twenty Nigerian listed firms between 2000 and 2006. Using panel methodology and OLS as a method of estimation, the results provide evidence of a positive significant relationship between ROE and board size as well as chief executive status. The implication of this is that the board size should be limited to a sizeable limit and that the posts of the chief executive and the board chair should be occupied by different persons. The results further reveal a positive significant relationship between PM and chief executive status. The study, however, could not provide a significant relationship between the two performance measures and board composition and audit committee. These results are consistent with prior empirical studies. © EuroJournals, Inc. 2008.	Agency cost; Corporate governance; Firm performance; Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920877182	Assessing the performance characteristics of chicken layers fed with pito mash inclusion diets treated with cocoa pod-husk ash extract	Ankrah A.-B., Donkoh A., Abando-Sam E.	2014	International Journal of Poultry Science	13	11	None	Department of Agribusiness, Valley View University, Techiman-Campus, Oyibi, Accra, Ghana; Department of Animal Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Ankrah, A.-B., Department of Agribusiness, Valley View University, Techiman-Campus, Oyibi, Accra, Ghana; Donkoh, A., Department of Animal Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Abando-Sam, E., Department of Agribusiness, Valley View University, Techiman-Campus, Oyibi, Accra, Ghana	A nutritional balance trial was conducted, with 176 strain of Lohmann breed of brown layers at 8 weeks old, weighing between 340-341 g. The chickens were grouped into 4 dietary treatments of 44 chickens per group. A complete randomized design (CRD) was applied in which the dietary treatments included 0, 5, 10 and 15% level of the alkali-treated pito mash. Feed and water were provided ad libitum over the 11-month experimental period. The parameters measured were body weight changes, feed intake, water intake, hen-day egg production, hen-housed egg production, feed conversion ratio (kg/dozen egg), age at the onset of egg production, body weight at the onset of egg laying, weight of the first egg laid, shell thickness, number of broken egg, yolk colour, yolk diameter, albumen height, Haugh unit and mortality rate. Results showed that apart from body weight at the start of feed trial, feed/dozen eggs and body weight at the onset of egg laying, shell thickness and mortality of chickens, all the alkali-treated pito mash based diets exhibited significantly (p<0.05) higher performances than the control group in all the other parameters considered, although at varying magnitudes. The costs/100 kg grower and layer diets were progressively reduced as the level of treated pito mash increased in the diets. Alkali-treated pito mash inclusion in grower and layer chicken diets up to 15% is therefore recommended. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2014.	Dietary treatment; Feed conversion ratio; Feed intake; Haugh unit	Gallus gallus; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952153546	Design, fabrication and performance of a motorized cowpea thresher for Nigerian small-scale farmers	Irtwange S.V.	2009	African Journal of Agricultural Research	4	12	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria	Irtwange, S.V., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria	Based on the results of measurements of moisture content of grains, cowpea grain and pod sizes, grain-pod ratio, angle of friction of grains and some information from literature, a motorized cowpea thresher using a star-shaped beater to which beater belts were attached was designed and locally built. Five varieties of cowpea, K59, Ife-Brown, IT84E-124, Ife-Bimpe and TVX 715 which are fairly representative of the most popular varieties in Nigeria were selected for the measurement of design parameters. The statistical design used in studying the effect of variety on length, width, thickness, equivalent diameter, sphericity, pod weight and grain-pod ratio with 30 replications, moisture content with 3 replications and angle of friction with 5 replications was complete randomized design (CRD). The moisture content for the grain varieties ranged from 11.06 to 12.02% w.b while the size and shape measurement parameters namely; length, width, thickness, equivalent diameter and sphericity ranged from 8.22 to 10mm, 6.04 to 6.83 mm, 4.36 to 5.38 mm, 6.00 to 7.09 mm and 0.71 to 0.79 respectively for grains. For the pods, the length, width and thickness ranged from 124.78 to 194.93 mm, 7.28 to 9.15 mm and 5.27 to 7.86 mm respectively. The pod weight and grain-pod ratios ranged from 1.96 to 3.39 and 0.75 to 0.86 respectively for all the varieties tested while the angle of friction of grains on mild steel ranged from 23.6° to 26.6°. The results of the study as indicated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) show that there is highly significant effect (P ≤ 0.01) of variety on all the grains and pods measurement parameters except angle of friction where non-significance was observed. Skewness and kurtosis analysis indicates that the frequency distribution curves for grains and pods measurement parameters generally approximated those of the normal distribution. Based on the optimum machine parameters, the machine throughput was determined to be 101.19, 110.86, 74.33, 75.81 and 102.09 kg grains/hour for K59, Ife-Brown, IT84E-124, Ife-Bimpe and TVX 715 respectively. Preliminary performance evaluation tests carried out on the fabricated thresher using IT84E-124 as the test material at recommended beater and fan speeds of 500 rpm and 1400 rpm respectively indicated average threshing efficiency of 96.29%, percentage damage of 3.55% and percentage threshed and undamaged grains of 92.74%. A cleaning efficiency and loss of 95.60 and 3.71% respectively was observed indicating that with the use of a star-shaped beater, drudgery and cost can be reduced to a minimum and yet achieving good quality products. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Cowpea; Design; Fabrication; Performance evaluation; Thresher	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84951124529	Factors affecting forage chopper performance	Ajav E.A., Yinusa B.	2015	International Agricultural Engineering Journal	17	3	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Ajav, E.A., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Yinusa, B., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The performance of a forage chopper is greatly dependent on some factors such as cutting knife angle, knife edge thickness etc. Therefore, in this work the effect of some factors (operating time and moisture) on forage chopper performance were determined. Moisture contents of the samples forage (Guinea grass-24.4%, 23.3%, 20.0% (wb), Siam weed-21.4%, 16.6%, 13.3% (wb) and Maize Stover-42%, 30%, 23% (wb)) were determined by oven-drying method. The machine was tested using Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standard at Department of Agricultural an Environmental Engineering in September, 2014. Effects of moisture content and operating time (Independent variables) on chopping efficiency, chopping capacity and length of cut of the machine were analysed using response surface design expert of 6.0.6 model. Responses were chopping capacity, chopping efficiency and length of cut. The results of the statistical analysis showed that, moisture content and operating time had significant effects (p<0.05) on the chopping capacities at 5% significant level while their effects on efficiencies were not significant at 5% significant level due to the cutting knife parameters of the machine. Moreover, the length of cut increased with the increase in moisture content but the effect was not significant. The chopping capacity, efficiency and length of cut are functions of the mechanical, physical properties of the material chopped and the cutting knife parameters of the machine.	Cutting knife parameters; Forage chopper; Moisture content; Operating time	Agriculture; Efficiency; Moisture; Moisture determination; Cutting knives; Guinea grass; Independent variables; Knife edge; Operating time; Oven drying method; Response surface designs; Siam weeds; Agricultural machinery	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884301790	Fuel consumption evaluation of some commonly used farm tractors for ploughing operations on the sandy-loam soil of Oyo state, Nigeria	Adewoyin A.O.	2013	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	6	15	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, P.O. Box 20749, UI Post Office, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adewoyin, A.O., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, P.O. Box 20749, UI Post Office, Ibadan, Nigeria	Farm Tractors acquired in Oyo State-Nigeria are primarily utilized for ploughing operations which represents the most costly single item in the budget of an arable farmer. Tractor fuel consumption constitutes a significant parameter that affects ploughing operations performances. Ploughing operations, using ASABE standard D 497.5 were carried out using Massey Ferguson(MF 435, 100 hp), Fiat(F130D, 100 hp) and Steyr (CVT170, 100 hp) tractors that were purchased in 2009. Field experiments were conducted at 5.5, 6.5 and 7.5 km/h ploughing speeds for ploughing depths of 20, 25 and 30 cm. Mean fuel consumption for Fiat, MF and Steyr models were 23.35, 23.58 and 24.55 l/ha while average of 16.78, 22.02 and 32.67 l/ha of diesel were used to plough 20, 25 and 30 cm depths, respectively. Fuel consumption increased by 31% when ploughing depth increased from 20 to 25 cm and 48% when increased from 25 to 30 cm. Mean fuel consumption at 5.5, 6.5 and 7.5 km/h ploughing speeds were 20.0, 24.25 and 27.23 l/ha, respectively. Fuel consumption varies significantly with ploughing depth and speed (p&lt;0.05, 0.87≤r2≤0.99). Fuel consumption values increases with ploughing dept and speed significantly, the depth of crop roots should determine the appropriate ploughing depth in order to minimize expenses on fuel. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2013.	Fuel consumption; Ploughing depth; Ploughing speed; Soil types	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84951006349	Environmental impact assessment of two polluting sources on stream in Nigeria	Akinbile C.O., Olugbojo W.O., Olubanjo O.O.	2015	International Agricultural Engineering Journal	17	3	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia	Akinbile, C.O., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia; Olugbojo, W.O., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Olubanjo, O.O., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	The environmental impact of locating two polluting sources of landfill (refuse dump) and petrochemicals on Alaba stream in Akure, Nigeria was assessed. Twenty physio-chemical parameters were analyzed for wet and dry seasons respectively with three sampling points within 5m intervals from one another of the two polluting sources on the stream. The parameters include: colour, odour, taste, pH, temperature, turbidity, alkalinity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and total solids (TS). Others were chloride (CL-), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), lead (Pb), nitrate (NO3), sulphate (SO4-2), oil and grease, Escherichia coli (E-coli) and faecal coliform. Some parameters were determined in-situ while others were determined using APHA (2005) standard procedures and results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. All the samples investigated contained a considerable degree of pollution which asserted the pollution of the stream. The results for dry and wet seasons indicated that the conductivity, 353.33±15.0 and 256.67±26.58, Alkalinity, 52.83±16.0 and 90.90±20.98, DO, 0.33±0.08 and 0.48±0.01mg/l, Turbidity, 57.22±7.15 and 8.10±1.70, BOD, 0.20±0.10 and 0.22±0.11, TDS, 0.18±0.16 and 0.46±0.42. E-coli had values 55.37±7.45 and 8.99±3.23, faecal coliform, 241.50±11.64 and 129.83±35.06 and Pb, 13.72±7.68 and 11.88±5.20 respectively. Others were sulphate, 1298.33±422.52 and 1273.33±423.77, nitrate, 6.40±0.96, chloride, 0.33±0.12. Most of the values (with the exception of pH and alkalinity) were above the maximum permissible levels of FAO, WHO and NSDWQ standards and parameters such as pH, turbidity, DO, BOD, Pb, E-coli and faecal coliform decreased as the distance from the polluting sources increased. Statistical analyses showed significant differences at specific confidence levels while treatment of Alaba stream is required to achieve minimum acceptable level for domestic uses, public awareness on the dangers inherent in polluting the stream should be carried out.	Akure; Landfill; Microbiological parameters; Petrochemical; Physico-chemical parameters; Pollution; Stream	Alkalinity; Biochemical oxygen demand; Chemical analysis; Chlorine compounds; Dissolved oxygen; Environmental impact assessments; Escherichia coli; Land fill; Lead; Nitrates; Petrochemicals; pH; Pollution; River pollution; Statistical methods; Turbidity; Akure; Degree of pollutions; Dry and wet seasons; Micro-biological parameters; Physico - chemical parameters; Stream; Total dissolved solids; Total suspended solids; Environmental impact	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953238332	Evaluation of plough disc performance on sandy loan soil at different soil moisture levels	Olatunji O.M.	2011	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	10	3	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nkpolu, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Olatunji, O.M., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nkpolu, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	In this research work, dimensional analysis was used to model the relationship between depth of cut, weight of disc plough and draught on a sandy loam soil. Field experiment was carried out on a site with three different moisture content levels at five different plough speeds (0.83, 1.39, 1.94, 2.4 and 2.78m/s). It was observed that the depth of penetration of plough disc increased with an increased draught and soil moisture content. The depth of cut was minimum at 4.9% and maximum at 9.4% moisture content. The result obtained from the validation shows that the model can be used effectively to determine the depth of cut in sandy loam soil at different soil moisture levels. Also the draught-speed relationship obtained from this work can be used to predict the power requirement of the disc plough in other soil types. The draught increase linearly with the depth of cut as predicted from the model. The result of the soil properties after tillage operation showed increased shear strength, bulk density and depth of cut.	Bulk density; Depth of cut; Disc plough; Moisture content; Sandly-loam; Shear strength	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955963913	Evaluation of plough disc performance on sandy loan soil at different soil moisture levels	Olatunji O.M.	2011	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	3	3	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nkpolu, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Olatunji, O.M., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nkpolu, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	In this research study, dimensional analysis was used to model the relationship between depth of cut, weight of disc plough and draught on a sandy loam soil. Field experiment was carried out on a site with three different moisture content levels at five different plough speeds (0.83, 1.39, 1.94, 2.4 and 2.78 m/s). It was observed that the depth of penetration of plough disc increased with an increased draught and soil moisture content. The depth of cut was minimum at 4.9% and maximum at 9.4% moisture content. The result obtained from the validation shows that the model can be used effectively to determine the depth of cut in sandy loam soil at different soil moisture levels. Also the draught-speed relationship obtained from this study can be used to predict the power requirement of the disc plough in other soil types. The draught increase linearly with the depth of cut as predicted from the model. The result of the soil properties after tillage operation showed increased shear strength, bulk density and depth of cut. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2011.	Bulk density; Depth of cut; Disc plough; Moisture content; Sandly-loam; Shear strength	Bulk density; Depth of cut; Disc plough; Moisture content; Sandly-loam; Agricultural machinery; Agriculture; Moisture determination; Shear strength; Soil conditioners; Soil moisture; Geologic models	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952968257	Impact of management style on performance indicators of academic staff	Irtwange S.V., Orsaah S.	2009	Educational Research and Reviews	4	12	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Department of Business Management, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria	Irtwange, S.V., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Orsaah, S., Department of Business Management, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria	The objective of this study is to assess the impact of management style on academic staff performance with University of Agriculture, Makurdi as a case study. The management style of the vice chancellor of the University of Agriculture, Makurdi between the periods, September 3, 1996 to September 3, 2001 was determined using the Ohio State University and University of Michigan Models. Based on a population of 269 academic staff, a sample size of 200 was selected using the purposive and random sampling techniques. Research questionnaire, interview and personal observations were employed as instruments for data collection. Analysis of data indicates that the vice chancellor was rated below desirable limits both on the considerate or employee centered management style (Cronbach alpha =0.978) and on the initiating structure or production centered management style (Cronbach alpha = 0.968). This indicates low concern for production and people, which answers to the impoverished management style of the grid model. Chi-square (X 2) test at 5% level of significance showed that there is a relationship between the management style of the vice chancellor of University of Agriculture, Makurdi and academic staff performance. As expected, academic staff of the university were found to have performed poorly on all six performance indicators - qualification, teaching/cognate experience, contribution to university and community, publications, current research and extension and administrative experience. The results of the study further indicate that with good management of men and materials, performance of academic staff in the Nigerian university system will be enhanced if they are appropriately motivated and rewarded. The study recommends that proven ability and capacity to professionally manage men, money and materials to deliver on the core mandates of the various universities in Nigeria should be the most important consideration in appointment of vice chancellors. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Academic staff; Management style; Performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953331511	Modeling the effect of weight and forward speed on the performance of disc plough	Olatunji O.M., Akor A.J., Ozogu B.A., Burubai W., Davies R.M.	2009	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	8	2	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Is	Olatunji, O.M., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Akor, A.J., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Ozogu, B.A., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria; Burubai, W., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Davies, R.M., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria	In this paper, the relationship between depth of cut, speed of ploughing as well as the weight of disc plough was modeled and investigated in mechanization. The effect of weight on depth of penetration of the disc plough was determined at three different speeds (1.39, 1.94 and 2.5m/s) at two different sites (A and B). Results generally reveal that depth of cut increase with increase in plough weight. Average depths of 15.45, 19.45 and 18.23cm were recorded at forward speeds of 1.39, 1.94 and 2.5m/s respectively at a corresponding weight range of 450 to 540kg. Furthermore validation of the developed model shows an acceptable agreement between the predicted and measured depth of cut as a function of the pertinent variables. Statistical data reveals 0.381 as the lowest standard error of estimate indicating the predictability of the model.	Disc plough; Modeling; Performance; Weight	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953429309	Effect of weight and draught on the performance of disc plough on sandy loam soil	Olatunji O.M., Burubai W., Davies R.M.	2009	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	8	7	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Is	Olatunji, O.M., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Burubai, W., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Davies, R.M., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria	In this research work, the relationship between depth of cut, increase in weight of disc plough as well as the draught has been investigated using dimensional analysis on a sandy loam soil. The experiment was conducted on two sites with three different moisture contents level at five different speeds, (0.83m/s, 1.39m/s, 1.94 m/s, 2.5m/s and 2.78m/s). It was observed that the depth of penetration decreased with an increase in draught and decrease in soil moisture content. From the two sites, the depth of cut was minimum at 4.91%, and maximum at 9.42% moisture content. Model validation produced a standard error of 0.681, 0.381 and 0.067 for the site with 4.91% moisture content and 0.173, 0.142 and 0.233 for the site with 9.42 percent moisture content which means that the model is accurate in the prediction of these variables. The lowest standard error was achieved at 1.94m/s speed in both plots. The result obtained from the validation shows that the model can be used effectively to determine the depth of cut in sandy loam soil and also the draught-speed relationship obtained from this work can be used to predict the power requirement of the disc plough in other soil types.	Disc plough; Draught; Loam soil; Sandy; Weight	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954165371	Effect of weight and draught on the performance of disc plough on sandy-loam soil	Olatunji O.M., Davies R.M.	2009	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	1	1	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce I	Olatunji, O.M., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Davies, R.M., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria	In this research, the relationship between depth of cut, increase in weight of disc plough as well as the draught has been investigated using dimensional analysis on a sandy loam soil. The experiment was conducted on a site with three different moisture contents level at five different speeds (0.83, 1.39, 1.94, 2.5 and 2.78ms-1). It was observed that the depth of penetration increase with an increase in draught and increase in soil moisture content. From the site, the depth of cut was minimum at 4.9% and maximum at 9.4% moisture content. The result obtained from the validation shows that the model can be used effectively to determine the depth of cut in sandy loam soil and also the draught-speed relationship obtained from this work can be used to predict the power requirement of the disc plough in other soil types. The draught increase linearly with the depth of cut as predicted from the model. The result of the soil properties after tillage showed increase with shear strength, bulk density and depth. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2009.	Bulk density; Depth; Disc plough; Moisture content; Sandy-loam; Shear strength	Bulk density; Depth; Disc plough; Moisture content; Sandy-loam; Agriculture; Moisture determination; Shear strength; Soil conditioners; Soil moisture; Geologic models	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-39549104681	Performance evaluation of a biogas stove for cooking in Nigeria	Ltodo I.N., Agyo G.E., Yusuf P.	2007	Journal of Energy in Southern Africa	18	4	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Jalingo, Taraba State, Nigeria	Ltodo, I.N., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Agyo, G.E., Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Jalingo, Taraba State, Nigeria; Yusuf, P., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria	A biogas stove was designed, constructed and its performance evaluated using a 3 m 3 continuousflow Indian type biogas plant at the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria. The biogas plant was operated with cattle dung as feedstock in the ratio of 1 part of dung to 2 parts of water at a retention time of 30 days and daily loading rate of 100 kg of slurry. The performance of the stove was evaluated by boiling water, cooking rice and beans and the time taken to perform specific tasks determined from a stop watch. The amount of biogas used in boiling and cooking was determined from the operating pressure of the plant measured from a manometer that was placed between the stove and the plant. The results obtained showed that 0.14 I of water was boiled in 1 minute while 5.13 g of rice and 2.55 g of beans cooked in a minute. The biogas consumption for boiling water, cooking rice and beans was 0.69m 3/min, 2.81m 3/min and 4.87m 3/min respectively. The efficiency of the stove in boiling water, cooking rice and beans was 20%, 56% and 53% respectively.	Biogas stove; Cooking; Nigeria; Performance evaluation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350173092	Impact assessment of water scarcity at Somntongo in the lowveld region of Swaziland	Mijinyawa Y., Dlamini S.S.	2008	Scientific Research and Essays	3	2	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Land Use and Mechanization, University of Swaziland, Luyengo Campus, Swaziland	Mijinyawa, Y., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Dlamini, S.S., Department of Land Use and Mechanization, University of Swaziland, Luyengo Campus, Swaziland	A survey was conducted to assess the impact of water scarcity in Somntongo, in the lowveld region of Swaziland. The study adopted the use of questionnaire, interview schedules and focused group discussions. Information sought included sources of water, distances between water sources and places of residence, and the effect of water scarcity on the various aspects of human activities. The study revealed that only two rivers and five boreholes were the major sources of water while distances of as much as 5 - 20 km were covered in search of water. In about 82% of the homesteads, the water use was about 3.3 litres/head/day and 2.3 litres/livestock/day. These are quite low compared to the minimum standards of 25 litres/head/day, and between 25 and 35 litres/livestock/day. Water scarcity has resulted in the death of livestocks; some cultivated crops have withered while others are not cultivated for lack of irrigation water. In some instances, schools have temporarily been closed due to water shortages. Construction of more boreholes and dams can reduce the water scarcity and promote the standard of living in the community. © 2008 Academic Journals.	Agriculture; Harvesting; Irrigation; Scarcity; Swaziland; Water	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77958501549	Impact of organic material incorporation with soil in relation to their shear strength and water properties	Ohu J.O., Mamman E., Mustapha A.A.	2009	International Agrophysics	23	2	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Nigeria	Ohu, J.O., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Nigeria; Mamman, E., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Nigeria; Mustapha, A.A., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Nigeria	A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine the quantitative effects of incorporating groundnut haulms, cow dung and chicken dung on hydraulic properties of compacted sandy loam, clay loam and clay soils. The consistency limits, shear strength, water retention and hydraulic conductivity of the three soil textures were measured. Groundnut haulms, cow dung and chicken dung were incorporated into the three soils at 2% and 4% levels on dry mass basis. For each soil-organic matter mixtures, the consistency limits significantly increased with increase in the levels of the organic materials. The shear strength significantly decreased with increase in organic matter content. Soils incorporated with groundnut haulms had the least strength followed by cow dung and chicken dung. For all the treatments, water retention decreased with increases in pressure. For sandy loam and clay loam soils, and all organic matter types, water retention increased with increases in organic matter level while that of clay soil decreased with increase in organic matter level. For all the three soils, chicken dung incorporation gave the highest volumetric moisture content followed by cow dung and groundnut haulms. Saturated hydraulic conductivity increased with increase in organic matter level and decreased with increases in compaction level. Model equations generated for estimating maximum shear strength and the moisture contents at which they occurred gave r 2-values of 0.72 and 0.73, respectively. Measured values of volumetric moisture content were calibrated with calculated values and this resulted in an r 2-value of 0.97. This implies that the equation used could be used to estimate the volumetric moisture contents of the soils. © 2009 Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences.	Organic material; Shear strength; Soils; Water properties	clay loam; clay soil; hydraulic conductivity; hydraulic property; moisture content; sandy loam; shear strength; soil moisture; soil organic matter; soil texture; water retention	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908702550	Impact of micro credit and training on efficiency of small-scale entrepreneurs: Evidence from national directorate of employment (NDE) loan/training programmes in Nigeria	Akinrinola O.O., Fasoranti M.M., Aturamu O.A.	2014	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	12	04-Mar	None	Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Economics, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo, Nigeria; Ekiti State College of Education, Ikere, Ekiti, Nigeria	Akinrinola, O.O., Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria; Fasoranti, M.M., Department of Economics, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo, Nigeria; Aturamu, O.A., Ekiti State College of Education, Ikere, Ekiti, Nigeria	This study analyses the impact of micro-credit and training on efficiency of small-scale entrepreneurs, using the National Directorate of Employment (NDE) programme as a case study. National Directorate of Employment (NDE) has been found to be functioning effectively in its training services. However, in the area of credit provision and utilization, there is no empirical evidence to support its efficiency. In order to evaluate the link between the loan/training programmes of the Directorate and the level of efficiency of micro-entrepreneurs in the state, we estimate technical efficiencies and identify significant policy variables influencing efficiency of selected micro enterprises, using the stochastic frontier production function. Results indicate that there are intra and inter group variations in the efficiency of bakers, furniture makers and burnt-brick makers, showing that there is possibility of improving the level efficiency of these entrepreneurs. The most significant determinants of technical efficiencies of bakers, furniture makers and burnt-brick makers are the level of education, business experience, age of operators, credit access, training experience and level of working capital and initial capital outlay. © 2014 World Food Ltd. and WFL Publishers. All rights reserved.	Employment; Entrepreneurs; Loan; Micro credit; Small scale	accounting; Article; commercial phenomena; education; enterpreneur; funding; furniture; human; loan; mathematical model; micro credit; named groups of persons; productivity; program efficacy; stochastic model; training; work experience	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955945560	Effect of management interventions on productive performance of indigenous chicken in Western Kenya	Ochieng J., Owuor G., Bebe B.O., Ochieng D.O.	2011	Livestock Research for Rural Development	23	5	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Management, Egerton University, Box 536, Egerton, Kenya; African Economic Research Consortium (AERC)/CMAAE, Box 62882-00200 Nairobi, Kenya; Livestock Production Systems Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Egerton University, Box 536, Egerton, Kenya	Ochieng, J., Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Management, Egerton University, Box 536, Egerton, Kenya, African Economic Research Consortium (AERC)/CMAAE, Box 62882-00200 Nairobi, Kenya; Owuor, G., Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Management, Egerton University, Box 536, Egerton, Kenya; Bebe, B.O., Livestock Production Systems Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Egerton University, Box 536, Egerton, Kenya; Ochieng, D.O., Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Management, Egerton University, Box 536, Egerton, Kenya	This paper emphasizes the role of management interventions package in productive performance of indigenous chickens in Western Kenya. The management intervention package comprises feed supplementation, housing, chick rearing, brooding and vaccination. The effect was analyzed using log linear regression model which takes the form of Cobb-Douglas production function. The results indicate that farmers who had adopted full management intervention package as recommended by extension service had higher productive performance than farmers who modified and selectively adopted components of management intervention package. Farm production assets, expenditure on feeds, labour, access to extension, group membership and female gender significantly influenced productivity of indigenous chickens. Therefore, rural farm households should adopt management intervention package as recommended to increase productivity, thereby improving financial and food security in rural areas. The study also recommends the formulation and implementation of pro-poor policies aimed at improving socio-economic conditions of farmers to enable them to fully adopt the recommended management intervention package.	Food security; Household; Management interventions package; Productivity	Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649273046	Impact of Fadama II project on income of tomato farmers in Niger State, Nigeria	Tanko L., Jirgi A.J., Ogundeji A.A.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	15	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension Technology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Economics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Tanko, L., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension Technology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Jirgi, A.J., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension Technology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Ogundeji, A.A., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	This study was designed to quantitatively determine the impact of Fadama II Project on the farm income of tomato producers by utilizing primary data from tomato farmers in Bosso and Mokwa Local Government Areas of Niger State for the year 2009. Production function analysis and Chow's analysis of covariance confirmed significant differences in production functions, heterogeneity in slopes and intercepts and factor bias was observed on the production functions of participating and non- participating farmers respectively. The project exerted a positive significant impact on the incomes of the farmers. The study recommends improvement in irrigation performance, introduction of improved varieties of tomato, strengthening relevant research and extension as well as formation of organized farmer associations. ©2010 Academic Journals.	Fadama II Project; Non-participating farmers; Participating farmers; Tomato	Lycopersicon esculentum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34250783208	Performance of the Women-In-Agriculture project in Borno State during and after World Bank support	Elizabeth S.	2007	Journal of Applied Sciences	7	8	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Adamawa State University, PMB 25, Mubi, Nigeria	Elizabeth, S., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Adamawa State University, PMB 25, Mubi, Nigeria	This study compared the performance of the Women-In-Agriculture (WIA) programme in Borno State, Nigeria during and after World Bank funding, 1989-1995 and 1996-2003, respectively. Structured questionnaires were administered to 20 randomly selected WIA agents of Borno State Agricultural Development Programme. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The analysis revealed that most of the WIA activities during the World Bank funding period recorded a high performance index, such as establishment of Small Plot Adoption Techniques (SPAT) (73.10%), establishment of cottage industries (75%) and number of field visits made by the WIA agents (68%). However, after the World Bank funding period, most target set were not achieved, recording (0) achievement rate in (5) activities, such as establishment of cottage industries and equipment of the fortnightly training centers. Based on these findings, it is recommended that funding of the WIA project by the World Bank, Federal, State and Local government should be reactivated. The government should ensure access of women farmers to extension services, inputs and training opportunities. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Borno state; Performance index; Women farmers; World Bank	Agricultural development; Borno state; Cottage industries; Inferential statistics; Local government; Performance indices; Women farmers; World bank; Finance; Surveys; Agriculture	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883764127	Performance of supervised enterprise projects (SEPS) conducted by Sasakawa Africa fund for extension education (SAFE) students of Bayero university Kano, Nigeria	Daneji M.I., Akeredolu M., Suleiman A., Suleiman M.S.	2013	Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education	20	2	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria; Sasakawa Africa Fund for Extension Education, Nigeria; Bayero University, Nigeria	Daneji, M.I., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria; Akeredolu, M., Sasakawa Africa Fund for Extension Education, Nigeria; Suleiman, A., Bayero University, Nigeria; Suleiman, M.S., Bayero University, Nigeria	[No abstract available]	Capacity building; Extension staff; Supervised enterprise projects	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956003660	Impacts of Zimbabwe European union micro-project programme (ZIM/EU MPP) in funding smallholder irrigation projects on food security and income levels: A case study of Mopane irrigation scheme in Zvishavane, Midlands province, Zimbabwe	Nhundu K., Gwata C., Mushunje A.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	14	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, South Africa; Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Fort Hare, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, P. O. Box X1314, South Africa	Nhundu, K., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, South Africa; Gwata, C., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mushunje, A., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Fort Hare, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, P. O. Box X1314, South Africa	At least 70% of smallholders live in the semi-arid regions IV and V where rainfall is erratic and soils in these regions are derived from granite and generally shallow, light textured and of low fertility. As a result, farmers cannot produce adequate grain to meet their annual household requirements by dry land farming. The Zimbabwe/EU Micro-projects Programme has funded smallholder irrigation projects since 1982 to improve the food security in these marginal areas. In an effort to assess the impacts of the ZIM/EU MPP funded irrigation schemes and justify further investments in smallholder irrigation projects, a case study based on a comparative analysis between irrigators and non-irrigators was done at Mopane Irrigation Scheme. Preliminary results indicated irrigators were more food secure than non-irrigators. Using the Gross Margin Analysis, irrigators were found to be better performers with increased incomes than non-irrigators. A regression analysis to examine factors affecting food security level revealed that household size, off-farm income, draught power to be significant at the 5% confidence interval. The study concluded that irrigators were more food secure and better performers than non-irrigators. The ZIM/EU MPP should continue to invest more resources in smallholder irrigation schemes. The study recommends that governments, public and private institutions and non-governmental organisations are recommended to work together defining and implementing comprehensive strategies for smallholder irrigation development, especially in the smallholder communal areas so as to ensure increased food security, income and employment to the rural population. ©2010 Academic Journals.	Food security; Household; Income; Irrigators; Non-irrigators; Smallholder; ZIM/EU MPP	Colophospermum mopane	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33744454929	Structure and performance evaluation of cocoa marketing institutions in South-Western Nigeria: An economic analysis	Folayan J.A., Daramola G.A., Oguntade A.E.	2006	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	4	2	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria	Folayan, J.A., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria; Daramola, G.A., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria; Oguntade, A.E., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria	This study employs various measures of parameters of market structure such as concentration ratio, Gini Coefficients and Herfindahl Index and Market performance such as cost and return and multiple regression analyses in an attempt to examine empirically structural performance of cocoa marketing institutions in South-Western Nigeria using cross sectional data collected from 140 cocoa marketers in the study area. The empirical results revealed that based on the outcome of various parameters measure of market concentration indexes, cocoa market was found to be perfectly competitive. Also, the result of market performance analysis revealed that cocoa marketing is profitable while the postulated regressors explained about 96 percent variation in the quantity of cocoa purchased in the study area.	Exporters; Licensed buying agents; Warehousing market structure and performance	Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548150699	Evaluation of poultry egg marketing in South-Western Nigeria	Afolabi J.A.	2007	International Journal of Poultry Science	6	5	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Afolabi, J.A., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	The study evaluated poultry egg marketing in Nigeria. It specifically identified the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, examined the market structure for egg in the study area, determined the profitability of egg marketing and determined the influence of some socio-economic characteristics on the sales revenue of respondents. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 200 egg marketers in the study area and structured questionnaire administered on them. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentages were used to analyze the socio-economic characteristics of respondents while Gross margin analysis was employed to determine the profitability of the egg business in the study area. Gini coefficient was used to examine the market structure while production function was used to determine the influence of some factors on the sales revenue of respondents. The result showed that only 10% of the respondents were single while the remaining 90% were married. A literacy level of 70.50% was obtained among these marketers. Analysis also revealed that 67% of these marketers were retailers while only 10% were producer/sellers. The profitability analysis showed that an average marketer earned · 4222.55 as gross margin per month. The Gini coefficient of 0.87692 obtained in this study indicates a high level of inequality in income among the respondents. The result also revealed that the regressors explained about 67.1% in the variability of the regressand. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007.	Poultry egg marketing; Profitability of egg business; Socio-economic characteristics	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873487542	Impact that the Nguni cattle project have on the livelihood of the beneficiaries in North West province South Africa	Cwaile L., Antwi M.A., Oladele O.I.	2012	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	10	42433	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa	Cwaile, L., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Antwi, M.A., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Oladele, O.I., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa	This study examined the impact that the Nguni cattle project have on the livelihood of the beneficiaries in North West province South Africa. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data and analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 18) using frequency counts, percentages and multiple regression. It was found that majority of the Nguni project participants were male (71.2%), married (56%); above 60 years of age (34.3%); 41% had primary education; 67% of the respondents had between 1 to 4 dependants. Their participation had led to increased access to financial, physical, natural, and social capital. Participants were generally favourably disposed to the project and many indicated that constraints in meeting their livelihoods have reduced greatly due to capital acquisition by the project beneficiaries. Significant determinants of total livelihood after project were total hectares (t = -2.90), number of employees (t = 2.14), income (t = -3.25) and attitude (t = 2.33). Significant determinants of constraints were educational level (t = 2.16), farming experience (t = -1.85), total size of hectares (t = -3.14), income (t =-2.56) and contact with extension agent (t = 2.86); while significant determinants of attitude were household size (t = 2.24), total size of hectares (t = 1.69), and contact with extension agent (t = 1.73).	Capital; Cattle; Farmers; Livelihoods; Nguni; North-West; South Africa	adult; aged; agricultural worker; article; cattle; education; female; financial management; grazing management; health program; household; human; major clinical study; male; multiple linear regression analysis; nguni cattle project; nonhuman; South Africa; structured questionnaire	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877013065	Statistical evaluation of sustainability of selected crop production in Nigeria	Samuel Oyekale A.	2012	Life Science Journal	9	4	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa	Samuel Oyekale, A., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa	Sustainable agricultural production is a paramount goal of many developing countries in order to ensure that foods required for the growing population are available in the right quantity and quality. This paper evaluated the extent of sustainability of the Nigerian crop production sector using secondary data from the FAO statistical database. Inferences of sustainability was made with contingency table developed by Monteith (1990) after computing geometric growth rates of land use and crop outputs. Results show that production of majority of the crops was not recently sustainable. Between 1961 and 1980, cereals (4.07%), maize (8.17%), sorghum (5.16%), millet (3.76%), yam (1.08%), kolanut (0.92%), oil palm (0.93%), vegetables and melon (0.82%) and plantain (2.53%) were sustainably cultivated while only cocoa (0.14%) and kolanut (1.82) percent show sustainability between 1981 and 2000. The findings suggest that ensuring sustainability of crop production in Nigeria requires adequate investments in highly productive farm technologies to make up for degradation of soil resources.	Contingency table; Crops; Nigeria; Sustainability	Cucumis; Dioscorea alata; Elaeis; Theobroma cacao; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896133841	Impacts of flooding on coastal fishing folks and risk adaptation behaviours in Epe, Lagos State	Samuel Oyekale A., Mukela F.	2014	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	12	1	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Samuel Oyekale, A., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Mukela, F., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Climatic changes have made flooding a major environmental hazard in the coastal areas of Nigeria. This study assessed the impacts and households' adaptation mechanisms in Epe Division of Lagos State. Data obtained from some fishing folks were subjected to descriptive Probit regression and Tobit regression analytical methods. The results show that the adverse impacts of flooding reduce with ability to migrate, monthly income and possession of other secondary occupations. The females, educated and rich among the fishing folks, are willing to pay significantly higher amounts on insurance against flooding. The study recommended that efforts to address flooding should include an alternative skill development, migration, offering assistance, provision of affordable and quality health services for the treatment of malaria, cholera and dysentery and proper development of early warning signal, among other.	Climate change; Fishing folks; Flooding; Impact; Vulnerability	article; climate change; conceptual framework; environmental impact; fishing; flooding; health impact assessment; human; information processing; morbidity; Nigeria; occupational safety; regression analysis; risk assessment; seashore; socioeconomics; vulnerable population	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883822987	The effects of human resource management and socio demographic characteristics on performance of extension agents in Kwara state of Nigeria	Annor-Frempong F.	2013	Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education	20	2	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, School of Agriculture, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	Annor-Frempong, F., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, School of Agriculture, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	[No abstract available]	Capacity building and socio-economic characteristics; Extension personnel; Human resource management; Job performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82655173307	Performance of smallholder agriculture under limited mechanization and the fast track land reform program in Zimbabwe	Obi A., Chisango F.F.	2011	International Food and Agribusiness Management Review	14	4	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape, 5700, South Africa	Obi, A., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape, 5700, South Africa; Chisango, F.F., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape, 5700, South Africa	The Zimbabwean government has long been committed to expansion of agricultural production through mechanization and pursued this goal under the unpopular fast track land reform program (FTLRP). The acquisition and use of tractors by arable crop farmers in communal and resettlement state land were encouraged. This research examines the performance of the program in the Bindura District. Ninety farmers were interviewed using a multistage sampling technique of structured questionnaires to collect data on demographic background, investment levels and production in terms of costs and returns. The Stochastic Frontier Model revealed the significant impact of the program on participating farmers, highlighting the significance of land and other productive factors. While overall production and productivity remain low, triggering a hyperinflationary situation due to supply constraints, practical implications for agribusinesses are foreseen. © 2011 International Food and Agribusiness Management Association (IFAMA).	Agribusiness management; Agricultural development; Agricultural mechanization; Fast track land reform; Stochastic frontier model; Technical efficiency	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80655140359	Self-perceived competencies assessment and human resource performance of zonal extension managers in northern Nigeria	Ogunlade I., Idowu Oladele O., Agboga F.I.	2011	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	9	04-Mar	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Northwest University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X 2046, Mmabatho 2735, South	Ogunlade, I., Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Idowu Oladele, O., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Northwest University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X 2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Agboga, F.I., Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	This study examined the perceptions of Zonal Extension Managers (ZEMs) in Agricultural Development Projects (ADP) of the northern states in Nigeria regarding their human resource management competence and performance of human resources management activities. A simple random sampling procedure was used to select 13 out of 19 ADPs in northern Nigeria. A total of 52 questionnaires were mailed to the respondents but 42 were returned which made a return rate of 80%. The data were analysed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, rank and multiple correlations. The results show that the ZEMs were all males with mean age of 49.7 years-old, married (92.9%) and 26.2% had B.Sc/B.Agric. The highest human resource management competencies perceived by the ZEM were knowledge of organization (mean=4.69, SD=0.52), interpersonal relations (mean=4.57, SD=0.63) and engagement (mean=4.43, SD=0.70). The human resource management activities for which the ZEM indicated highest means were ability to understand the history, philosophy and contemporary nature of extension (mean=3.81, SD=0.89) and technical proficiency that enhances individual and organizational effectiveness (mean=3.76, SD=0.43). There is a significant positive relationship between human resource management activities, tenure in extension services and human resource management competencies (r=0.57, r=0.11, p=0.05), respectively. The findings revealed the training needs of ZEM in terms of human resource management.	Human resources management competencies; Human resources management performance; Nigeria; Work-related characteristics; Zonal Extension Managers	adult; agriculture; article; attitude; female; human; human relation; leadership; male; manager; Nigeria; philosophy; professionalism; questionnaire; resource management; training	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36849031236	Impact assessment of university-based rural youths Agricultural Extension Out-Reach Program in selected villages of Kaduna-State, Nigeria	Akpoko J.G., Kudi T.M.	2007	Journal of Applied Sciences	7	21	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Nigeria	Akpoko, J.G., Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Nigeria; Kudi, T.M., Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Nigeria	The concern about youths development borders on the believe that they constitute an important labour forbe which can easily become leaders in employing and innovating modem techniques of agricultural production. The National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria in recognition of these potentials has established a rural youths extension out-reach Program to encourage the youths to adopt modem techniques of agricultural production. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of this program on agricultural production. This study was carried out during the 2005/2006 cropping season by comparing the performance of the program participants with non-participants. The results revealed that the participants had an adoption level of improved practices higher than the non-participants. This was further confirmed by the significant relationship found between respondents access to extension services and level of adoption (R = 0.46, p = 0.01). Yield of major crops and income of farmers were slightly higher among the participants than the non-participants. The results of the study have helped to identify for the benefit of policy makers, the type of extension approaches required to encourage rural youths to adopt modern fanning techniques. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Crop yields; Farmers income; Impact assessment; Rural youths; University-based extension out-reach	Adoption level; Agricultural productions; Crop yield; Cropping seasons; Farmers income; Impact assessments; Policy makers; University-based extension out-reach; Modems; Agriculture	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051567838	The farm decision role of price information from commodity exchanges: An ex-ante evaluation using quasi-rational price expectations in Ethiopia	Getnet K., Verbeke W., D'Haese M., Viaene J., D'Haese L.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	15	None	Department of Agricultural Economics, Ambo University College, Ambo, Ethiopia; Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium	Getnet, K., Department of Agricultural Economics, Ambo University College, Ambo, Ethiopia; Verbeke, W., Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; D'Haese, M., Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Viaene, J., Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; D'Haese, L., Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium	Farmers use different information to predict future returns upon which they base current decisions. In designing information systems, knowledge about the information set used by farmers is relevant to have insight into the necessary information that should be made available for farmers. Using quasirational forecasting regression analysis to represent producer price expectation formation, the usefulness of disseminating real time information about the central wholesale prices discovered by the Ethiopian commodity exchange was tested. The results showed that the information about central wholesale prices can help farmers to make unbiased price forecasts. Effective dissemination of real time price information discovered through the Ethiopian commodity exchange was fully supported by the empirical insights from this study. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Ethiopia; Market information; Prices; Quasi-rational expectation; Smallholders	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874908954	Effect of supervisors' specialization on job performance of agriculture science teachers in Botswana Junior Secondary Schools	Molefhe L., Oladele O.I.	2012	Life Science Journal	9	3	None	Department of Agricultural Economics, Education and Extension, Botswana College of Agriculture, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa	Molefhe, L., Department of Agricultural Economics, Education and Extension, Botswana College of Agriculture, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; Oladele, O.I., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa	This paper examines the effect of supervisors' specialization on job performance of agriculture science teachers in Junior Secondary Schools. A simple random technique was used to select 49 agricultural science teachers and 13 supervisors. The teachers were divided into those whose supervisors specialize in agriculture science (ATAS) and those with supervisors do not (ATNAS). Data collected with a structured questionnaire that was face validity and has reliability coefficient of 0.92 were analyzed. The results shows that majority of ATAS and ATNAS indicated that a higher proportion of the supervisors who have the same subject specialization perform their supervisory roles than supervisors who do not specialize in the same subjects. Significant differences exist in the perceived effect of supervision (F = 27.93, p < 0.05) and between ATAS and ATNAS, on Supervisors' specialization (t = 14.97, p < 0.05), and job performance (t = -3.00, p < 0.05).	Agriculture science; Botswana; Subject specialization; Supervision; Teachers	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862224502	Impact of Migrant Remittances on the Welfare of Arable Crop Farm Households in South Eastern Nigeria	Nwaru J.C., Iheke O.R., Onyenweaku C.E.	2011	Human Ecology Review	18	2	None	Department of Agricultural Economics, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria	Nwaru, J.C., Department of Agricultural Economics, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Iheke, O.R., Department of Agricultural Economics, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Onyenweaku, C.E., Department of Agricultural Economics, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria	This study attempted to examine the impact of migrant remittances on the welfare of arable crop farm households. Primary data were collected from a random sample of 120 respondents comprising 60 each of migrants' remittance receiving and non-remittance receiving households through the cost route method. Data were analyzed using frequency distribution, regression analysis and Chow's test statistic. Results of the analyses show that sex of household head, household size, household age composition, income and sector of employment were the significant factors influencing the welfare of the remittance receiving households while sex, years of education, composition of household work force and sector of employment were the significant factors influencing the welfare of the non-remittance receiving households. The Chow's test revealed that the remittance receiving households have higher welfare status than their non remittance receiving counterparts. Therefore, policies for enhancing migrant remittances and their optimum channeling and use were recommended. © Society for Human Ecology.	Farm Households; Migrant Remittances; Welfare	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34248170244	The national agricultural land development programme in Nigeria: Impact on farm incomes in Oyo and Osun states	Idowu E.O.	2006	Land Reform, Land Settlement and Cooperatives	None	2	None	Department of Agricultural Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Idowu, E.O., Department of Agricultural Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	The study assesses the impact of the National Agricultural Land Development Programme on farm incomes in the Oyo and Osun states of Nigeria. In each state, 60 farmers, equally distributed between the participating and non-participating, were randomly selected. The study showed that the programme in these two states achieved less than 2 percent of the targets set for land development and placement of participants during the project life of seven years (i.e. 1992-99), and showed a participant turnover of 76 and 79 percent for Oyo and Osun states, respectively. Similarly, net farm incomes by the farmers (ranging from US$164 to US$267) were grossly inadequate to satisfy the needs of the farmers and their families. The article makes some recommendations to improve the performance of similar projects in the future. These include adequate funding, as well as the provision of rural infrastructure and credit to participants.	None	agricultural development; agricultural land; assessment method; income distribution; Africa; Nigeria; Osun; Oyo; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-66349125904	Impacts of balanced nutrient management systems technologies in the northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria	Akinola A.A., Alene A.D., Adeyemo R., Sanogo D., Olanrewaju A.S.	2009	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	7	2	None	Department of Agricultural Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Lilongwe, Malawi; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria	Akinola, A.A., Department of Agricultural Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Alene, A.D., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Lilongwe, Malawi; Adeyemo, R., Department of Agricultural Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Sanogo, D., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria; Olanrewaju, A.S., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria	As part of a major effort to address soil fertility decline in West Africa, a project on balanced nutrient management systems (BNMS) has been implemented in the northern Guinea savanna (NGS) of Nigeria. The project tested and promoted two major technology packages: a combined application of inorganic fertilizer and manure (BNMS-manure) and a soybean/maize rotation practice (BNMS-rotation). This study used two-stage least squares regression models to examine the socio-economic impacts of the BNMS technologies on household incomes and food security of the adopting farmers. Results showed that average crop yields for maize, sorghum and soybean increased by more than 200% in the villages covered by the project. Among the adopters, the gross margin per ha from maize production was highest for the adopters of BNMS-rotation and lowest for adopters using inorganic fertilizer only. The two-stage least squares regression estimates indicated that increases in farm income due to adoption of BNMS technologies led to an increase of both calorie and protein intake of adopters. An additional one ha of land under BNMS-manure stimulates an increase in food expenditure by about 52%, while a similar change in land area under BNMS-rotation increases food expenditure by 128%.	BNMS-manure; BNMS-rotation; Nigeria; Northern Guinea savanna; West Africa	fertilizer; protein; agricultural worker; article; caloric intake; crop; crop production; food security; Guinea; harvest; household; income; maize; manure; Nigeria; nutrient management; protein intake; savanna; socioeconomics; sorghum; soybean; technology; Glycine max; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846102133	Socio-economic analysis of the impacts of avian influenza epidemic on households poultry consumption and poultry industry in Nigeria: Empirical investigation of Kwara State	Obayelu A.E.	2007	Livestock Research for Rural Development	19	1	None	Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan Oyo state, Nigeria	Obayelu, A.E., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan Oyo state, Nigeria	The paper presents a theoretical and an empirical study of avian flu epidemic in Nigeria. A rapid assessment of the effects of avian flu outbreaks was conducted in May 2006 in kwara State. This was done by a structured interviewed schedule. Thirty Poultry farmers and 100 households were randomly selected for the interview. The results of the analysis showed that avian flu outbreaks and spread in Nigeria have caused serious threat not only to the poultry industry but also to food security and the livelihoods of both the rural and urban communities. The study revealed that there was a fall in consumers' and producers' confidence in poultry. About 75% of poultry farmers were also found to have stopped ordering for new birds to their farms preparing to leave poultry business for other jobs the moment they disposed the birds on their farms. About 80% of the sampled households were found to have stopped the purchase and consumption of poultry products in their households for the fear of being affected by the flu. In addition, prices of chicken and egg were negatively affected with supply outweighing demand. There was a shift of consumers' attentions to consumption of beef, pork, fish, and animal skin as substitute with a decrease in the Gross Domestic Product from agriculture, increase in unemployment rate, worsen health, poverty and malnutrition level. Poultry farmers should be encouraged, educated and assisted on the preventive measures. The farmers can be encouraged on the need for diversification since the outbreaks of the flu incidence mostly occur suddenly. Rearing of Grass cutters, cattle, rabbits and pigs, bee keeping, and snail farming as well as mushroom farming as means of livelihood should be encouraged. There must be extensive public enlightenments on the dangers of flu and how it can be overcome.	Avian flu; Epidemic; Poultry; Socio-economic	Animalia; Apoidea; Aves; Basidiomycota; Bos taurus; Gastropoda; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Sus scrofa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953355255	Climatic variability and its impacts on agricultural income and households' welfare in Southern and Northern Nigeria	Oyekale A.S.	2009	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	8	1	None	Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Oyekale, A.S., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	This study assessed variability in some weather variables and its impacts on agricultural incomes in northern and southern Nigeria. To achieve these, we combined time series weather variables obtained from some meteorological stations in Nigeria with household cross-sectional data collected by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). The descriptive and regression methods were used to analyze the data. The results show high variability in some weather with rainfall exhibiting the highest variability between 1971 and 2003. Impacts of climatic changes on agricultural income and welfare were modeled with climaterelated variables like variability indices of annual for 1971-2003, actual annual rainfall data in 2003, time for gathering fuel wood, time for fetching water and season of interview. It was found that agricultural income and welfare in northern part of Nigeria will be more negatively affected by climatic changes than southern part. The study recommended development of alternative energy sources, promotion of irrigate agriculture and skill development for combating adverse climatic changes, among others.	Agricultural; Climatic variability; Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887524739	Evaluation of the hydropower potential of Otamiri river for electric power generation	Okorafor O.O., Okereke N.A.A., Egwuonwu C.C.	2013	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	6	24	None	Department of Agricultural Engineering, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, P.M.B 1526, Imo State, Owerri, Nigeria	Okorafor, O.O., Department of Agricultural Engineering, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, P.M.B 1526, Imo State, Owerri, Nigeria; Okereke, N.A.A., Department of Agricultural Engineering, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, P.M.B 1526, Imo State, Owerri, Nigeria; Egwuonwu, C.C., Department of Agricultural Engineering, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, P.M.B 1526, Imo State, Owerri, Nigeria	This research presents the estimation of the hydropower potential of River Otamiri through the hydrological analysis of the elements of climate as it affects its catchment area (section passing through the Federal University of Technology Owerri). The study involves the estimation of maximum design floods for the watershed using the Gumbels Probability Distribution Method for various return periods (Tr) with the development of unit hydrograph, storm hydrograph, runoffhydrograph and flood duration curve for the catchment area of the river. In addition watershed parameters like peak flow (Qp), lag time (Tl), time of concentration (Tc) and rainfall intensity (Ic) were determined using the soil conservation service method and other empirical formulas. In order to determine the available flow for power generation, the stage/head of the river was estimated from records provided by the River Basin Development Authority (R.B.D.A) and flow duration analyses were carried out. The analysis revealed that for time flows of 50, 75 and 100% the following energy values were obtained 34.5 MW, 11.3 MW and 1.5 MW, respectively. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2013.	Hydropower; Hydropower potential; River Otamiri	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862067780	The adoption and productivity impacts of improved management practices on lowland rice production in Niger State, Nigeria	Rahji M.A.Y.	2008	Tropical Agriculture	85	3	None	Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Rahji, M.A.Y., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	The study sought to identify the factors influencing rice producers' adoption of improved management practices and its impacts on their productivity in Niger State, Nigeria. The data came from a sample survey of the study area. A switching regression model comprising of probit model and production functions was adopted in data analysis. The probit model identified six key significant variables as those influencing adoption by the farmers. These are farm size, extension services, credit, farm income and the land tenure arrangement. The production function analyses indicate a structural shift in the production parameters of the adopters and significant productivity differentials between the groups. Farmland redistribution, farm income improvement, effective extension delivery services, adequate supply of improved seeds and credit delivery system were recommended.	Improved practices adoption; Niger State; Nigeria; Productivity differentials; Rice production	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846489092	Effects of group design of loan repayment performance of formal farmer groups in Nigeria	Mkpado M., Arene C.J.	2006	Journal of Rural Development	25	4	None	Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Mkpado, M., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Arene, C.J., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Poor loan repayment has been a major factor limiting sustainable micro finance programme and projects in Nigeria despite the adoption of group lending techniques which has worked out in many developing economies. The study has documented group design characteristics that positively and negatively affect farm loan repayment. The study was conducted in Imo State of Nigeria. Two micro finance institutions were purposely selected and stratified random sampling was used to select 54 micro credit groups. Results show that micro credit groups are doing well in processing and distributing farm loans and that major positive determinant of loan repayment is fund size. Thus, continued use of micro credit groups and increased fund size for beneficiaries were recommended.	None	agricultural worker; balance of payments; credit provision; financial provision; lending behavior; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053082704	The impact of land transfers in the different agricultural sectors of the North West Province	Cloete P.C., van Schalkwyk H.D., Idsardi E.F.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	19	None	Department of Agricultural Economics, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; North West University, Private Bag X6001, Internal Box 375, Potchefstroom, 2530, South Africa	Cloete, P.C., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; van Schalkwyk, H.D., North West University, Private Bag X6001, Internal Box 375, Potchefstroom, 2530, South Africa; Idsardi, E.F., North West University, Private Bag X6001, Internal Box 375, Potchefstroom, 2530, South Africa	Imbalances and inefficiency fostered by the policies of the previous South African government necessitate changes to reduce the imbalance of the past and enhance the inclusiveness and competitiveness of the agricultural industry. Against this background, the policy of land reform was initiated. In theory, the agricultural land reform policy might appear effective; given that agriculture is a major contributor to rural economic growth and development. Broadening the economic activities of previous disadvantaged individuals through the acquisition and cultivation of land will help to rebuild and strengthen the rural communities. However, the outcomes of this policy has to date not seen the desired results regarding rural economic development and poverty reduction. Many of the foreseen positive aspects of the land reform policy are also contributors to the potentially negative outcomes of the policy. This makes this specific policy controversial and subject of heated debate. Transfers of land in the various agricultural sectors will impact differently on social-and economic factors. Unless a proper understanding of the impact of transferring land in the different agricultural sectors is established, the controversy around the potential impact of land reform will continue. To obtain a better understanding of this impact, the study employed a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) based partial equilibrium model. Results from the model revealed that the negative impact of the land reform policy largely overshadows the positive effects. Moreover, transfers within the larger agricultural sub-sectors will result in more significant social and economic impacts. Thus, the implementation of the agricultural land reform policy needs to be radical and calculative; otherwise it will result in false expectations, hardship and poverty. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Economic and social impacts; Land reform; Partial equilibrium model	None	None
None	None	Rice for food and income: Assessing the impact of rice research on food security in the Kyela and Kilombero districts of Tanzania	Mwaseba D.L., Kaarhus R., Johnsen F.H., Mattee A.Z., Mvena Z.S.K.	2007	Outlook on Agriculture	36	4	None	Department of Agricultural Education and Extension, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of International Environment and Development Studies (Noragric), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB), PO Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway	Mwaseba, D.L., Department of Agricultural Education and Extension, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Kaarhus, R., Department of International Environment and Development Studies (Noragric), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB), PO Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; Johnsen, F.H., Department of International Environment and Development Studies (Noragric), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB), PO Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; Mattee, A.Z., Department of Agricultural Education and Extension, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Mvena, Z.S.K., Department of Agricultural Education and Extension, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania	This paper assesses the impact of rice research on household food security in Tanzania. The adoption of research-based innovations in rice farming, on which the impact of rice research is assumed to depend, is outlined. Rice production and consumption levels are presented. The paper shows that farmers produce rice for meeting a range of livelihood outcomes, including food security. However, meeting household needs such as education, health and building good houses are as important as food security. In this context, it is argued that food security should be understood within the framework of household livelihood strategies rather than being seen as dependent on household rice production.	Food security; Impact assessment; Livelihoods; Rice research; Tanzania	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649759162	Performance evaluation of a palm fruit bunch stripper	Ojomo A.O., Ologunagba F.O., Alagha S.A.	2010	Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences	5	9	None	Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria	Ojomo, A.O., Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria; Ologunagba, F.O., Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria; Alagha, S.A., Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria	A palm fruit stripper that was designed and fabricated at the Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo was evaluated for the stripping of quartered bunches. Studies were conducted on the effect of machine speed (1500rpm, 2000rpm and 2500rpm) and the time of steaming (10min, 20min and 30min) on the machine out-put capacity, efficiency and quality performance efficiency. The performance of the palm fruit stripper was evaluated at different levels of machine and crop variables. Machine speed and time of steaming statistically affected the machine performance at 5% significance level using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The performance was found to be influenced by all studied variables, however, the machine gave the best stripping efficiency of 93.4%, quality performance of 91.2% and output capacity of 74.9kg/hr with the least damaged seed of 0.4% at 2500rpm machine speed and 30mins time of steaming, when compared with other combinations of variables. © 2006-2010 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.	Efficiency; Output capacity; Palm fruit bunch stripper; Performance evaluation; Steaming; Time	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951703159	Evaluation of the parameters affecting the solvent extraction of soybea oil	Lawson O.S., Oyewumi A., Ologunagba F.O., Ojomo A.O.	2010	Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences	5	10	None	Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria	Lawson, O.S., Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria; Oyewumi, A., Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria; Ologunagba, F.O., Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria; Ojomo, A.O., Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria	Soybean is grown primarily for its protein content and secondarily for its oil; it is an excellent protein supplement for enriching cereal diet. The primary processing of soybean before oil extraction include cleaning, cracking, flaking and conditioning, these ruptures the oil cells, for efficient extraction. Most modern oil extraction industries use the solvent extraction process and the solvent commonly used is the food grade hexane. In this paper detail experiments were carried out on the various processing parameters affecting the solvent extraction of soybean oil. Among the process factors considered are: particle size, flakes thickness, temperature of extraction, extraction time, flakes and particle moisture content. The results showed that, at a particle size of 2mm, flakes thickness of 0.25mm, moisture content of 12-13%, temperature of 69 °C and the extraction time between 3/12; and 4/12; hours, the oil yield was maximum. © 2006-2010 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN).	Extraction; Flakes; Miscella; Solvent; Soybean; Temperature	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649752336	Performance evaluation of a fish feed pelletizing machine	Ojomo A.O., Agbetoye L.A.S., Ologunagba F.O.	2010	Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences	5	9	None	Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Ojomo, A.O., Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria; Agbetoye, L.A.S., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Ologunagba, F.O., Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria	A pelletizing machine for the production of fish feed was designed and fabricated. It consists of a hopper, barrel which houses the screw conveyor (auger), the cutting knife and the die orifice. Power supply to the machine is from 2 kW, 1420 rpm single phase electric motor. The performance evaluation of the machine was carried out. The main objective was to investigate the effects of moisture contents and the speed of operation on the performance of the machine. It was observed that the pelletizing efficiency, throughput capacity and the percentage recovery of the machine increased with increase in moisture content and the speed of the machine. The machine showed higher throughput capacity of 19.7 kg/h with maximum pelletizing efficiency of 87.6%. Moisture content constituted a greater portion of variability in efficiency than speed. A unit increase in moisture content resulted in an increase of about 20% in pelletizing efficiency whereas a corresponding unit increase in speed only increased the pelletizing efficiency by 3%. The machine does not make use of steam thereby making it easier to operate. The adoption of the pelletizing machine by small and medium scale farmers would go a long way in helping them to produce their own feed with local contents thereby alleviating the problems associated with the sourcing of imported feeds. © 2006-2010 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.	Efficiency; Fish feed; Moisture content; Pelletizing machine; Performance evaluation; Speed	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859821836	Evaluation of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Performance and soil properties under tillage methods and poultry manure levels	Agbede T.M., Adekiya A.O.	2011	Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture	23	2	None	Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria; Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Agbede, T.M., Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria; Adekiya, A.O., Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Research study on the effect of tillage systems and application rate of poultry manure on sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) in Alfisol of southwest Nigeria is lacking. Field trials were conducted in 2006, 2007 and 2008 cropping seasons on an Alfisol (Oxic Tropuldalf) at Owo in rainforest zone of southwest Nigeria. The trials consisted of the factorial combinations of two tillage methods (manual clearing and conventional tillage) and four manure levels (0, 5, 10 and 15 t/ha) arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Conventional tillage alone (CTo) resulted in lower soil N, P, K, Ca, Mg and soil organic C and better leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg concentrations, growth and yield of sweet potato compared with manually cleared (MCo) plots. The better performance of sweet potato under conventional tillage (CTo) was adduced to reduced bulk density. Bulk density was negatively correlated with yield. Conventional tillage alone (CTo) improves sweet potato tuber yield by 62, 55 and 42% in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively compared with manual clearing alone (MCo). In both the manually cleared and conventionally tilled plots, soil organic C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg and water content increased with amount of poultry manure, while soil pH, bulk density and temperature were reduced. Yields given by 5, 10 and 15 t/ha poultry manure were not significantly different under both manually cleared and conventionally tilled treatments. Conventional tillage plus 5 t/ha poultry manure (CT+5 PM) produced the highest overall yield. Compared with manual clearing alone (MCo) and conventional tillage alone (CTo), conventional tillage plus 5 t/ha poultry manure (CT+5 PM) improved tuber yield of sweet potato by 117 and 43%, respectively. Therefore the use of 5 t/ha poultry manure with conventional tillage is recommended for sweet potato production on an Alfisol of southwest Nigeria.	Bulk density; Nutrient concentrations; Poultry manure; Sweet potato; Tillage	Ipomoea batatas; Solanum tuberosum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868283667	Irrigation scheduling impact assessment MODel (ISIAMOD): A decision tool for irrigation scheduling	Igbadun H.E.	2012	Indian Journal of Science and Technology	5	8	None	Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria	Igbadun, H.E., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria	This paper presents a process-based simulation known as Irrigation Scheduling Impact Assessment MODel (ISIAMOD). It was developed to simulate crop growth & yield, soil water balance and water management response indices to define the impact of irrigation scheduling decisions. ISIAMOD was calibrated and validated using data from field experiments on the irrigated maize crop conducted in an irrigation scheme located in south western Tanzania. The model adequately simulates crop biomass yield, grain yield, seasonal evapotranspiration and average soil moisture content in the crop effective rooting depth. Some unique features of this model make it a major improvement over the existing crop-soil simulation models. © Indian Society for Education and Environment (iSee).	Crop water productivity; Irrigation scheduling; ISIAMOD; Simulation model; Water management	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897443948	Design, construction and performance evaluation of a model waste stabilization pond	Egwuonwu C.C., Okafor V.C., Ezeanya N.C., Nzediegwu C., Suleiman A., Uzoigwe O.	2014	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	7	9	None	Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria	Egwuonwu, C.C., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Okafor, V.C., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Ezeanya, N.C., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Nzediegwu, C., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Suleiman, A., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Uzoigwe, O., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria	The study aimed at the design, construction and performance evaluation of a model Waste Stabilization Pond (WSP). The WSP comprised of one facultative pond and three maturation ponds all in series. The influent of the WSP after filtration through the lined sandy loam media (obtained from the premises of Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria) had the BOD reduced to 22 mg/L from 356 mg/L indicating a 93.8% removal level. A faecal coli form count (fc) of the influent sample gave 1×108 fc/100 mL, whereas the effluent gave 10 fc/100 mL which was 99.9% fc removal. The value of 150 mg/L of the Total Suspended Solids (TSS) for the influent was reduced to 26 mg/L for the effluent after treatment. It was concluded that the effluent from the WSP was within the limits of Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) standard of 30 mg/L for TSS, 30 mg/L for BOD5 and 400 fc/100 mL for faecal coli form thus making the waste water safe for discharge into surface water as well as its use for irrigation after treatment. The sandy loam soil media was found to be non-promising earlier in the removal process until it was lined with polyethylene material. A clay media was therefore recommended. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2014.	Construction; Design; Evaluation; Model; Performance; Waste stabilization pond	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866786657	Design, construction and performance evaluation of a modified cassava milling machine	Nwaigwe K.N., Nzediegwu C., Ugwuoke P.E.	2012	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	4	18	None	Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Energy Commission of Nigeria, National Centre for Energy Research and Development, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Nwaigwe, K.N., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Nzediegwu, C., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Ugwuoke, P.E., Energy Commission of Nigeria, National Centre for Energy Research and Development, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	This study on the design and construction of a modified cassava milling machine was done, owing to the inability of existing mills to meet the demand of cassava flour in bakery industries. Rational design by drawing and calculations and fabrication in the Centre for Industrial Studies (CIS) FUTO were used to bring this mill to reality. The modified cassava milling machine has a milling efficiency of 82.3%, it is dust free and self-cleaning and due to proper air circulation does not destroy the cassava flour produced by overheating. The cassava flour produced was found to have a fineness modulus (fm) of 0.31, Uniformity index (U) of 0: 1: 9 (coarse: medium: fine) and effective size (D 10) of 0.075 mm which is better than that produced by an existing mill (hammer mill) of fineness modulus (fm) 2.32, uniformity index (U) of 4:1:5 and effective size (D 10) of 0.085 mm. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2012.	Cassava; Flour; Hammer mill; Milling machine	Air circulation; Bakery industry; Cassava; Cassava flour; Design and construction; Effective size; Fineness modulus; Flour; Hammermills; Performance evaluation; Rational design; Uniformity index; Design; Grinding mills; Milling machines; Plants (botany)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-56849088350	Technical and institutional evaluation of geray irrigation scheme in West Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia	Checkol G., Alamirew T.	2008	Journal of Spatial Hydrology	8	1	None	Department of Agricultural Engineering, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia	Checkol, G.; Alamirew, T., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia	The technical and institutional performance evaluation of Geray Irrigation Scheme was made in order to identify management practices for implementation to improve the system operation and the performance of the irrigation system. The evaluation was made based on the selected performance indicators such as conveyance efficiency, application efficiency, water delivery performance, and maintenance indicators. The availability of institutional and support services were also investigated through a questionnaire administered to beneficiary farmers and other stakeholders. The results obtained showed that the main and tertiary canal conveyance efficiencies were 92 and 82 percents respectively. Many of the secondary and tertiary canals are poorly maintained and many of the structures are dysfunctional. Application efficiency monitored on three farmers' plot located at different ends of a given secondary canal ranges from 44 to 57 percent. Water delivery performance was only 71% showing a very substantial reduction from the design of the canal capacity. Maintenance indicator evaluated in terms of water level change (31.9%) and effectiveness of the infrastructures showed that the scheme management was in a very poor shape. Dependability of the scheme evaluated in terms of duration and irrigation interval showed that the scheme is performing below the intended level. The 47% of the land initially planned for development is currently under irrigation while there is no change in the water supply indicating that the sustainability of the scheme is in doubt. The cooperative support services that had been rendered to the beneficiaries in the past four years were found to be minimal. Moreover, there were few indicators that show the production was market oriented. The evaluation clearly revealed the fact that conflict resolution remains to be the duty of the local community authorities and Water User Associations (WUA) has no legal right to enforce its bylaws. In conclusion, the overall technical adequacy of the scheme is rated very poor requiring tremendous mobilization of the community to sustainably manage it. Proper institutional setup needs to be in place, and WUA needs to be more empowered in order to enforce its by-laws.	Ethiopia; Irrigation institution; Irrigation performance; Support services	irrigation system; questionnaire survey; water management; water supply; Africa; Amhara; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82555167408	Development and performance evaluation of an okra drying machine	Owolarafe O.K., Obayopo S.O., Amarachi O.A., Babatunde O., Ologunro O.A.	2011	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	3	9	None	Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Owolarafe, O.K., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Obayopo, S.O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Amarachi, O.A., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Babatunde, O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Ologunro, O.A., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	An okra dryer was designed, constructed and evaluated in this study for post-harvest processing of the fruit. The dryer consists of a heating chamber, two drying trays, a blower of 1 hp, two heating elements of 2000W each, 4 roller tyres for ease of mobility, a control box which consist of a thermostat that regulates the temperature in the dryer. The result of evaluation of the dryer in no load indicated that it was able to yield temperature very close to the preset (by the thermostat) after about 3 min. The dryer was evaluated by drying okra of different thickness (5 and 10 mm), in two trays at two heights (25cm and 50cm from the bottom) and at a preset temperatures of 50 and 70°C. Moisture losses from the slices were obtained at intervals of 30, 45, 60 and 90 min. The result showed that increase in temperature from 50 to 70°C, increases moisture loss from the slices. Slices of 5 mm thickness were observed to dry faster than 10 mm slices with those on the upper tray losing more moisture. The study further showed that slice thickness of 5 mm dried at 70°C in the upper tray level of 60 cm from the base of the dryer are suitable for drying okra slices in the dryer. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2011.	Development; Drying; Evaluation; Okra dryer; Post-harvest; Slices	Development; Evaluation; Okra dryer; Postharvest; Slices; Driers (materials); Dryers (equipment); Moisture; Thermostats; Drying	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951715442	Development and performance evaluation of a cowpea harvester	Ojomo A.O., Ale M.O., Olajide O.G.	2010	Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences	5	10	None	Department of Agricultural Engineering, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria	Ojomo, A.O., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria; Ale, M.O., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria; Olajide, O.G., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria	A cowpea harvester was designed, constructed and evaluated for its performance. The machine was fabricated with high carbon steel with an output capacity of 120kg/h. The performance of the harvester was evaluated at two crop moisture content 15.17% and 17.47% and two main shaft speeds of 540 rpm and 1000 rpm. At moisture content of 15.17% and machine speed 540rpm, the machine exhibits the highest functional efficiency of 93.75%, quality performance efficiency of 81.21%, field loss of 3.4% and shattered loss of 6.66%. The machine is statically and dynamically stable hence able to withstand vibration. © 2006-2010 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN).	Cowpea and harvester; Development; Evaluation; Performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883829846	Determinants of role performance effectiveness among facilitators in the second national fadama development project in Nigeria	Daudu S., Madukwe M.C.	2013	Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education	20	2	None	Department of Agricultural Extension and Communication, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Daudu, S., Department of Agricultural Extension and Communication, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Madukwe, M.C., University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	[No abstract available]	Determinants; Facilitator; National fadama development project; Nigeria; Role performance effectiveness	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861854216	Evaluation of agricultural credit utilization by cooperative farmers in Benue state of Nigeria	Okwoche V.A., Asogwa B.C., Obinne P.C.	2012	European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences	None	47	None	Department of Agricultural Extension and Communication, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria	Okwoche, V.A., Department of Agricultural Extension and Communication, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Asogwa, B.C., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Obinne, P.C., Department of Agricultural Extension and Communication, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria	The study evaluated agricultural credit utilization by cooperative farmers in Benue State of Nigeria. Data were collected from randomly sampled 130 Agricultural Cooperatives in Benue State using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using frequency distribution and percentages and t-test analysis. The result of study showed that majority of the farmers (41.5%) is within the age bracket of active work and therefore can make meaningful impact in agricultural production when motivated with the needed credit facilities. Furthermore, 88.5% of the respondents source their credits from non-institutional sources. More than 87.7% of the respondents utilized credits accessed for the purpose of Agricultural production. In addition, the study indicated that the loan acquired by the respondents had significant impact on their output and income. Farmer's joined the farmers' cooperative societies mainly for access to credit. It is recommended that the farmers should be adequately motivated with needed credit facilities so as to enhance their agricultural production. Furthermore, formal credit institution should increase the access of farmers to credit facilities as this will go a long way in improving their productivity and welfare. The result of study indicated that high interest rate was the major constraint of the respondents in sourcing agricultural credit. © EuroJournals, Inc. 2012.	Agricultural credit; Cooperative society; Evaluation; Farmers; Utilization	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861353605	Impacts of mining on income generating activities of rural dwellers in Itesiwaju local government area of Oyo state, Nigeria	Oladeji J.O., Thomas K.A., Ige S.O.O.	2010	International Journal of Applied Environmental Sciences	5	6	None	Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Oladeji, J.O., Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Thomas, K.A., Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Ige, S.O.O., Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	In Nigeria, about 70% of the rural populace are fully engaged in agricultural production but they still find it difficult to meet household demands. This necessitated their involvement in mining activity as the household cooping strategy in Itesiwaju local government area of Oyo state where mineral exploration and exploitation is practiced. This results in change in people's occupation as many dwellers left farming for mining in order to generate income to meet household needs in the study area. The study thus investigated environmental and socio-economic activities of rural dwellers in Itesiwaju local government area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used in selecting sample for the study while both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to gather data. Data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Result of analysis shows that majority of the rural dwellers sampled were between the ages of 26-45 years, had formal education, married, Muslim, natives and residing in the study area from birth for more than 10 years. Majority (81.8%) of respondents benefit from sources of mining employment as hired laborer; 87.2% from carpentry; 80.9% from food hawking; 82.7% from subsistence (petty) business and 80.9% from shoe making. The results indicate that mining activities have created a multitude of income opportunities for the inhabitants, however, 83.6% perceived mining activities as unfavorable to farming activities, fishing (80%), 77.3%, hunting (77.3%), agricultural production and processing activities (66.3%) because of associated feasible land degradation in the area. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that age [r=-0.078: p>0.005] is negatively correlated to income generating activities before mining. T-test analysis for comparing the income generating activities engaged in by the rural dwellers before mining [t=0.00; p<0.005] and the income generating activities engaged in during mining [t=0.00; p<0.005] reveals that there is a significant difference between the income generating activity engaged in before mining, and the income generating activity engaged in during mining by the rural dwellers A pair-wise ranking of problems indicate that the most pressing problems in mining regions are degraded agricultural land, pollution of water sources from mining chemicals, acid rain, dust, mine pits, cracking and the collapse of buildings. Social and cultural impacts of mining have also had socio-cultural impacts; these include displacement and unemployment, child labour, accidents, and theft. It can be concluded that mining practices have already caused serious social and environmental impacts in the study area, therefore, extension messages should be channelled toward effect of mining and develop strategies to eliminate illegal mining and to promote other income-generating activities like agriculture production and agro-allied industry. © Research India Publications.	Dwellers; Environmental; Impact; Income generating Activities; Mining; Rural; Socio-economic	Dwellers; Environmental; Impact; Income generating activities; Socio-economics; Acid rain; Agriculture; Correlation methods; Crime; Economics; Environmental impact; Mine dust; Mineral exploration; Mining; Rural areas; Shoe manufacture; Economic and social effects; coping strategy; environmental impact; household income; local government; mining; off-farm employment; rural economy; rural population; socioeconomic impact; Nigeria; Oyo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77958108704	Influence of delayed feeding on the performance, development and response of immune system to newcastle disease vaccination in chickens	Nnadi P.A., Eze P.C., Ezema W.S.	2010	International Journal of Poultry Science	9	7	None	Department of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Nnadi, P.A., Department of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Eze, P.C., Department of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ezema, W.S., Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	The influence of delayed feeding on the performance, development and response of immune system to Newcastle disease vaccination were investigated. 72 day old cockerel chicks purchased from a local hatchery were used. These were at the onset divided into two groups A and B of equal numbers (n = 36) and housed separately. Group A was provided with a diet containing 25% crude protein and 2800Kcal of metabolizable energy from the day of hatch while group B was deprived of feed for the first 72 h post hatch (ph) after which they were introduced to feed and thereafter maintained on same diet as group A. Once feeding is commenced in each of the groups, same regimen was maintained till the end of the study. Other brooding arrangements were common to the groups. 21 days ph 12 chicks were randomly selected per group, weighed, sacrificed after which two blood samples were collected for general haematology and serum biochemistry respectively. They were then necropsied and lymphoid organs as bursa of fabricius, spleen and caecal tonsil as well as liver harvested weighed and their relative weights calculated. The remaining 24 chicks per group were then vaccinated with Newcastle Disease (ND) vaccine lasotaR. Five days later, 12 chicks were again randomly elected per group and same operations as on day 21 carried out on the chicks. On day 42 ph, all the remaining chicks in each of the groups were vaccinated against ND using ND vaccine komarovR and 5 days later, they were sacrificed and again all the activities of day 21 repeated. Our results showed that delaying feeding for up to 72 h ph does not significantly affect the growth, development and function of some organs of the immune system. Moreover, it also produced no effect on Packed Cell Volume early in life as significant variation between the two groups (p&lt;0.05) was only observed on day 47 ph. However, our finding showed that early feeding significantly improved early response to vaccinations (p&lt;0.05) shown by higher geometric mean antibody titre. There were no differences in organ morphology and histopathology between the two groups. The study demonstrated that early feeding could be beneficial in the response of chicks to early vaccinations but does not confer other productive advantage. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Body and lymphoid organ weights; Delayed feeding; Immune response	Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879725149	Impact of improved technologies on small-scale soybean production: Empirical evidence from Benue state, Nigeria	Adisa R.S., Balogun K.S.	2013	Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences	50	2	None	Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria	Adisa, R.S., Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Balogun, K.S., Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria	The study examined the impact of improved technologies on the lives of small-scale soybean farmers in Benue State, Nigeria. A total of 160 respondents were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Tobit model and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Findings revealed that 35.6% of the respondents were between 31 and 40 years old, 40.6% had household size of between 6 and 10 members. Majority of the respondents were male, married, and had secondary school education. Tobit analysis revealed that farmers' socioeconomic characteristics which include gender, educational status and farming experience; and farmers' knowledge on soybean innovations were significant factors determining the adoption of improved soybean production technologies. These factors were statistically significant at p=0.05. The adoption of improved soybean technologies has had a clear positive impact on farmers' belief on soybean innovations. The major problems facing farmers in the adoption of improved soybean production technologies according to Kruskal-Wallis ranking were high cost of inputs, problem of labour availability and lack of credit/loan. The results of this study provide a strong case for the promotion of soybean as a solution for malnutrition and a means of poverty alleviation for poor people.	Impact; Improved technologies; Small-scale farmers; Soybean innovation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-32644447881	Impacts of the women-in-agriculture (WIA) extension programme on women's lives; implications for subsistence agricultural production of women in Imo State, Nigeria	Odurukwe S.N., Matthews-Njoku E.C., Ejiogu-Okereke N.	2006	Livestock Research for Rural Development	18	2	None	Department of Agricultural Extension, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	Odurukwe, S.N., Department of Agricultural Extension, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Matthews-Njoku, E.C., Department of Agricultural Extension, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Ejiogu-Okereke, N., Department of Agricultural Extension, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	This study analysed the impacts of the WIA programme on the lives of women in Imo State Nigeria, with the view of strengthening their subsistence agricultural production. Data were collected from 160 women from both urban and rural areas of the State. Data analysis was achieved using rankings, descriptive statistics and ordinary least square regression models. The results of the findings show that packages as cassava processing into pancake, and cassava flour, processing and utilization of soybean into flour paste, and soy-meal, cocoyam processing into cocoyam flour, and processing of fresh tomatoes into tomato paste; which recorded high awareness values had low adoption rates. Transferred WIA technologies as cassava processing and utilization - into; odorless fufu, gari, and tapioca (93.16%); processing of maize, into corn meal, and pap (79.77%), processing and storage of fresh tomatoes into tomato paste (86.46%), and dry season vegetable gardening (66.38%) recorded high response from the women as being very relevant to their socioeconomic wellbeing. However, such technologies as cassava processing and utilization into pancake and cassava flour (83.27%), processing of maize into maize flour, and malted maize drink (75.08%) were reported as not relevant. Positive impacts of women adoption of WIA packages were most on the women than the men and the children. It ensured family food security and enhanced children's education and women financial and socioeconomic status. Primary occupation, annual income, household size and membership of women's group showed a positive and very significant relationship with the adoption of the WIA technologies by the women. Among the problems to effective achievement of set objectives is lack of access to land, non-coverage of agricultural production activities. It is recommended among others that the WIA programme should include women agricultural production needs in its programme of activities, in addition to increasing its' clientele coverage.	Imo State; Impacts on Women's live; Nigeria; Women-in-Agriculture Programme	Colocasia esculenta; Gari; Glycine max; Lycopersicon esculentum; Manihot esculenta; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879765303	Performance of West African Dwarf goats fed graded levels of sun-cured water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes Mart. Solms-Laubach) replacing Guinea grass	Adeneye Mako A.	2013	Livestock Research for Rural Development	25	7	None	Department of Agricultural Production and Management Sciences, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun, Ijebu-Ode, PMB 2118, Ijebu-Ode,Ogun State, Nigeria	Adeneye Mako, A., Department of Agricultural Production and Management Sciences, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun, Ijebu-Ode, PMB 2118, Ijebu-Ode,Ogun State, Nigeria	The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of goats fed water hyacinth (WH) based diets. The chemical composition of sun-cured WH, Guinea grass (GG) and concentrate was determined. Quantitative analysis of tannins, saponins and phenols present in WH and GG were also determined. Thirty (30) female WAD goats between the ages of 6 and 7 months weighing 8.40 - 9.60 kg were used for a feeding trial.. Six animals were allotted to each of 5 treatments in a completely randomized design. Parameters measured included feed intake and weight gain. WH and GG contained tannins, saponins and phenols, but the concentrations were below toxic levels. The feed intake and weight gain had a negative curvilinear relationship with increasing level of WH in the diets. It is concluded that in diets based on Guinea grass the maximum level of sun-cured water hyacinth in diets for growing goats is 30%.	Bypass protein; Heavy metals; Non-nutritional compounds; Ruminants; Secondary metabolites	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84894523719	Effects of buck and doe size on the growth performance and survival of their progeny	Kugonza D.R., Stalder K.J., Rothschild M.F.	2014	Livestock Research for Rural Development	26	3	None	Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, PO Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States	Kugonza, D.R., Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Makerere University, PO Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States; Stalder, K.J., Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States; Rothschild, M.F., Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States	This study on the effects of paternal and maternal goat size on kid growth and survival was conducted by grouping bucks and does into big/elite and small/control categories and mating between the sub-groups to create four progeny groups whose body weight and mortality rate were assessed for fixed and variable effects at birth, 10, 20, and 30 weeks of age. Big sized bucks and does had progeny that were heavier than those of small sized parents at all ages except at birth. The mean body weight of the progeny at 30 weeks was 15.1±0.6 kg for elite bucks and 13.2±0.8 kg for control bucks. Due to sexual dimorphism, male progeny were heavier than their female counterparts at birth, 20 weeks and at 30 weeks. Birth type had the most profound effect on both live weight and survival of goats. Single kids weighed 2.2 ± 0.05 kg at birth compared to 2.0± 0.03 kg for twins, and the margin of superiority widened to 3.5 kg at 30 weeks. Over 85% of the kids that died between birth and 30 weeks were born as a twin which effectively negated the advantage that is normally thought of for twinning in such a goat flock. It is concluded that paternal and maternal size influences the weight of progeny at birth and through to maturity. Birth type and sex of kids also have profound effects on kid weight as well as on survival. However, the advantage of elite parentage appears to get diminished unless diet improvements are incorporated. In general, using elite bucks does have potential financial benefits for Mubende goat farmers.	Goats; Maternal effect; Mubende breed; Selection; Sire effect	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943147298	The effect of diet and feeding system on the on-farm performance of local chickens during the early growth phase	Nakkazi C., Kugonza D.R., Kayitesi A.	2015	Livestock Research for Rural Development	27	10	None	Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, (CAES) Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLIRRI), P. O. Box 96, Tororo, Uganda; Department of Animal Production and Range Management, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda	Nakkazi, C., Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, (CAES) Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Kugonza, D.R., Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, (CAES) Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda, National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLIRRI), P. O. Box 96, Tororo, Uganda, Department of Animal Production and Range Management, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda; Kayitesi, A., Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, (CAES) Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda	This study evaluated the performance of local chickens on three diets and two feeding systems under on-farm conditions. The diets used were formulated from local feedstuffs that had been identified in a baseline survey and analyzed for chemical composition in the laboratory. Based on the laboratory results, two diets were formulated containing 20% CP and 2900Kcal ME/kg (D20) and 23% CP; 3200KcalME/kg (D23). A commercial diet (D18) containing 18% CP; 2800 Kcal ME/kg was obtained from a local feed supplier to be used as a control. The three diets were then used in conducting growth trials with chicks under two different systems of feeding. The first system involved feeding the birds intensively. The three diets were feed separately to four replicate groups of ten chicks each. This system used 120 un-sexed day old local chicks that were obtained from a local hatchery and brooded artificially. The second system involved feeding the experimental diets to semi-scavenging chicks brooded by their mother hens in confinement cages from 6.00 am to 12.00 noon, after which they were let out to scavenge. A weighed amount of feed was given to each batch and left over feed was weighed and recorded each week to compute feed consumption. In both experiments birds were weighed in batches on day one and thereafter weekly for six weeks. The data revealed no difference in the growth rate and final live body weight of chicks under the three dietary treatments. Chickens that were fed intensively exhibited better growth and survival rates than those that were fed from 6.00 am to 12.00 noon then let out to scavenge. Hence it was concluded that that a diet containing 18% CP and 2800Kcal ME/kg is sufficient for rearing local chickens during the early growth phase (0-6 weeks) on-farm. Also intensive feeding of local chickens results into better growth and survival than the semi-scavenging system. © 2015, Fundacion CIPAV. All rights reserved.	Chicks; Dietary-energy; Growth rate; Semi-scavenging	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548740875	Growth performance and pod dry matter yield of some local and an improved variety of okra in Sudan savannah zone Nigeria	Chigbundu I.N., Dialoke S.A., Ajaero J.O., Nwosu F.O., Ibeawuchi I.I.	2007	Journal of Plant Sciences	2	4	None	Department of Agricultural Technology, College of Agriculture, Zuru, P.M.B. 1018, Zuru, Kebbi State, Nigeria; Department of Crop Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Economics and Extention,	Chigbundu, I.N., Department of Agricultural Technology, College of Agriculture, Zuru, P.M.B. 1018, Zuru, Kebbi State, Nigeria; Dialoke, S.A., Department of Crop Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Ajaero, J.O., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extention, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria; Nwosu, F.O., Department of Agricultural Technology, College of Agriculture, Zuru, P.M.B. 1018, Zuru, Kebbi State, Nigeria; Ibeawuchi, I.I., Department of Crop Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria	Field experiments were conducted during 2002 and 2003 rainy seasons to study the growth dry yield of some selected local and an improved varieties of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). The experiments were laid out in a Randomized Completed Block Design (RCBD), replicated four times. The results show that there were significant differences in growth characteristics and yield of the varieties. There were significant yield depression tons ha-1 by 21.8, 21.9. 49.8 and 63.4%, when Kwanab Bokodo was compared with Kwanab Magwandara, Kwanab lende, Kwanab Kwete and lady finger (control), on fresh weight basis. However on dry weight basis, reverse was the case with lady's finger significantly out-weighing (Kwanab Magwandara by 14.50%, Kwanab lende, 25.4%. Kwanab Bokodo, 34.7% and Kwaanab Kwete, 56.9%). There were also significant variations in the length of pods/plant (cm), leave area per plant (cm 2), number of leaves per plant and number of branches per plant. This implies that lady's finger with higher pod dry matter yield therefore has higher productivity and contains more nutritional components than others. © 2007 Academic Journals Inc.	Growth and pod dry matter yield; Local and improved varieties of okra; Sudan savannah zone Nigeria	Abelmoschus; Abelmoschus esculentus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952629430	The impact of migrant remittances on household welfare in rural Nigeria	Olowa O.W.	2009	Social Sciences	4	1	None	Department of Agriculture Education (Tech.), Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria	Olowa, O.W., Department of Agriculture Education (Tech.), Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria	Records on remittances by Central Bank of Nigeria shows an increasing trends since 2002. These huge flows of remittances are made up of millions private receiver households. The study examine the impacts of these remittances on household welfare in rural Nigeria using the Nigeria living standard statistics 2003/2004 wave by the bureau of stastistics. The result of the regression analysis revealed among other things that remittances help to reduce the effects of poverty and that remittances are counter-cyclical. © Medwell Journals, 2009.	Household; Nigeria; Poverty; Remittances; Welfare	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33947321139	Evaluation of the thermal conductivity of soils in Edo State, Nigeria	Molindo W.A., Alile O.M.	2007	Journal of Applied Sciences	7	4	None	Department of Agriculture Soil Science Option, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Department of Basic Sciences Physics Option, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Benson Idahosa University,	Molindo, W.A., Department of Agriculture Soil Science Option, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Alile, O.M., Department of Basic Sciences Physics Option, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria	Investigations were conducted to evaluate the thermal conductivity of soils of Sedimentary rock origin in two locations namely; Obaretin in Ikpoba/Okha and Idumabi-Irrua in Esan Central Local Government Areas respectively in Edo State, Nigeria. The study was aimed at validating the effects of the thenrial regimes of these soils and their relation to soil productivity. The investigation showed that soil conductivity is related to temperature factors such as soil resistance and resistivity that controls the processes involved in the production and plant growth. The investigation showed that soil thermal conductivity is related to temperature and solar radiation factors such as soil resistance and resistivity, that control the processes involved in plant growth and productivity with accompanied macro and micro fauna in soils. Functional activities of plant roots such as absorption of water and nutrients are encouraged at low or high soil thermal conductivity levels. In this study, there were significant (p = 0.05) differences in thermal conductivity in the soils of both locations. Similarly soil resistance and resistivity were significantly different (p = 0.05) in the two locations (Obaretin and Idumabi Irrua) in Ikpoba-Okha and Esan Central Local Government Area, Edo State, Nigeria. This study indicates attributes of temperature changes in soil regimes, reflecting the difference in vegetation obtained in the two locations. Therefore soil productivity and plant growth is influenced by soil thermal conductivity and it's related factors such as soil resistance and resistity. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Evaluation; Resistivity; Soil; Thermal conductivity	Evaluation; Functional activities; Local government areas; Soil conductivity; Soil productivity; Soil thermal conductivity; Temperature changes; Temperature factor; Electric conductivity; Process control; Productivity; Soils; Sun; Water absorption; Thermal conductivity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36749084577	Performance, nutrient utilization and organ characteristics of broilers fed cassava leef meal (Manihot esculenta crantz)	Iheukwumere F.C., Ndubuisi E.C., Mazi E.A., Onyekwere M.U.	2008	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	7	1	None	Department of Agriculture, Abia State University, PMB 7010, Umudike, Nigeria; Department of Food Science, Abia State University, PMB 7010, Umuahia, Nigeria; Federal College of Agriculture, Ishiagu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	Iheukwumere, F.C., Department of Agriculture, Abia State University, PMB 7010, Umudike, Nigeria; Ndubuisi, E.C., Department of Agriculture, Abia State University, PMB 7010, Umudike, Nigeria; Mazi, E.A., Department of Food Science, Abia State University, PMB 7010, Umuahia, Nigeria; Onyekwere, M.U., Federal College of Agriculture, Ishiagu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	A 35-day feeding trial involving 120, 5-week old Anak broilers was carried out in a completely randomized design to evaluate the performance, nutrient utilization and organ characteristics of broilers fed cassava leaf meal at dietary levels of 0, 5, 10 and 15% respectively. Feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and organ weight of birds on the control (0%) and (5%) leaf meals were significantly superior (p<0.05) to the group on 10% and 15% leaf meal. The utilization of Dry Matter (DM), crude protein, ether extract and ash was significantly poorer at the 10 and 15% dietary levels. The organ weights (heart, liver, gizzard) were superior at 0 and 5% (p<0.05) groups to the groups on 10 and 15% inclusion levels of the leaf meal. It is suggested that 5% inclusion of cassava leaf meal could be used in broiler finisher diets without any deleterious effects. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008.	Broiler; Cassava leaf meal; Organs weight and nutrient utilization; Performance	animal experiment; animal food; animal tissue; article; ash; avian stomach; bird; cassava; chemical composition; controlled study; food composition; food intake; heart weight; liver weight; meal; nonhuman; nutrient uptake; organ weight; plant leaf; randomization; weight gain; Aves; Manihot esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951912036	Growth and yield performance of Amaranthus cruentus influenced by planting density and poultry manure application	Law-Ogbomo K.E., Ajayi S.O.	2009	Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca	37	2	None	Department of Agriculture, Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Nigeria	Law-Ogbomo, K.E., Department of Agriculture, Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Nigeria; Ajayi, S.O., Department of Agriculture, Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Nigeria	Field trials were conducted in 2007 and 2008 to determine the influence of planting density and poultry manure application on the growth and yield of Amaranthus cruentus (Linnaeus). This study was conducted at the teaching and research farms of Benson Idahosa University, Benin City using two planting densities (111111 and 62500 plants per hectare) and three levels of poultry manure (0.0, 6.0 and 12.0 t ha-1) in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement fitted into randomized complete block design with three replicates. Results showed that planting density and poultry manure significantly (P = 0.05) affected the number of leaves, leaf area index, total dry matter and the crop growth rate positively in favour of increasing planting density and poultry manure application rate leading to higher herbage yield. The results showed that the combination of 62500 plants per hectare and application of poultry manure of 12 t ha-1 provided the highest yield (15.74 t ha-1).	Crop growth rate; Planting density; Poultry manure and yield	Amaranthus; Amaranthus cruentus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859172052	Performance of broiler chickens fed on mature moringa oleifera leaf meal as a protein supplement to soyabean meal	Gadzirayi C.T., Masamha B., Mupangwa J.F., Washaya S.	2012	International Journal of Poultry Science	11	1	None	Department of Agriculture, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; International Livestock Research Institute, Av. FPLM 2698 Caixa, Maputo, Mozambique; Umutara Polytechnic, Faculty of Agriculture, P.O. Box 57, Nyagatare, Eastern Province, Rwanda	Gadzirayi, C.T., Department of Agriculture, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Masamha, B., International Livestock Research Institute, Av. FPLM 2698 Caixa, Maputo, Mozambique; Mupangwa, J.F., Umutara Polytechnic, Faculty of Agriculture, P.O. Box 57, Nyagatare, Eastern Province, Rwanda; Washaya, S., Department of Agriculture, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe	An exploratory study investigating the effects of supplementing soyabeans with Moringa oleifera leaf meal, as a protein source in poultry production was done at Bindura University Farm. Five different graded levels of Moringa oleifera meal were used in formulating the diets. Ration formulation using soyabean, yellow maize and Moringa oleifera meal as ingredients for broiler starter (20% Crude Protein) and broiler finisher (18% Crude Protein) diets was done using the Pearson Square Method. Twenty-five day old Habbard chicks were randomly allocated to the five treatment diets T1 (0% Moringa oleifera meal), T2 (25% Moringa oleifera meal), T3 (50% Moringa oleifera meal), T4 (75% Moringa oleifera meal) and T5 (100% Moringa oleifera meal) in a completely randomized design. Birds were managed under the dip litter system with five compartments each with five birds for a period of 6 weeks. Weekly weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were recorded throughout the period. Evisceration of carcasses was done after 6 weeks and the different body parts were weighed and recorded. Proximate analysis of Moringa oleifera meal, broiler starter and broiler finisher diets were done and the results were tabulated. Statistical analysis was done using Genstat Software Version 12. No significant differences were noted in the amount of feed taken by broiler birds under different treatments of Moringa oleifera meal, however significant differences in feed conversion ratios were noted. It was therefore concluded that inclusion of Moringa oleifera meal as protein supplement in broiler diets at 25% inclusion level produces broilers of similar weight and growth rate compared to those fed under conventional commercial feeds (p>0.05). © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2012.	Broilers; Carcass; Moringa oleifera; Protein; Weight	Aves; Gallus gallus; Glycine max; Moringa oleifera; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548168514	Impact of community-based approaches to wildlife management: Case study of the CAMPFIRE programme in Zimbabwe	Mutandwa E., Gadzirayi C.T.	2007	International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology	14	4	None	Department of Agriculture, Bindura University of Science Education, Zimbabwe; Department of Agriculture, Bindura University of Science Education, P Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe	Mutandwa, E., Department of Agriculture, Bindura University of Science Education, Zimbabwe, Department of Agriculture, Bindura University of Science Education, P Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Gadzirayi, C.T., Department of Agriculture, Bindura University of Science Education, Zimbabwe	The objective of this study was to elicit community perceptions on the effectiveness of the CAMPFIRE programme, a community initiative, designed to benefit rural communities in Gonono ward in the Zambezi valley. Five villages and 76 respondents were selected from the ward using simple random sampling. Data collection included a structured questionnaire administered to households, semi-structured interviews with key informants, such as chiefs, headmen and local council staff, transect walks and participant observations. The results of the study revealed that, although the CAMPFIRE concept has been instrumental in creation of employment and infrastructure, the local community considers that no significant changes have occurred to their livelihoods. The findings suggest that the current model of wildlife conservation in Zimbabwe is not promoting total community participation. Future models need to focus on total involvement and independence from government structures. However, this can only happen when there is sufficient capacity building in communities on a wide number of issues, including general management, to ensure long-term sustainability.	CAMPFIRE; Sustainability; Wildlife conservation; Zimbabwe	ecological modeling; local participation; perception; sustainability; wildlife management; Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954921215	The impact of trade liberalisation on South African agricultural productivity	Teweldemedhin M.Y., van Schalkwyk H.D.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	12	None	Department of Agriculture, Polytechnic of Namibia, Namibia; North West University, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa	Teweldemedhin, M.Y., Department of Agriculture, Polytechnic of Namibia, Namibia; van Schalkwyk, H.D., North West University, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa	This study attempts to examine the empirical relationship between trade and Total Factor Producitvity (TFP) in the agricultural sector using both cross-sectional (across nine agricultural commodities) and time-series analysis. The Error Correction Model of Ordinary Least Square (OLS) results from the cross-sectional analysis confirm that export shares and capital formation were significant and postivly related; whereas, import shares and real exchange rate were found to be negatively related. However, the net effect of export and import shares was positive implies that trade liberalisation causes productivity gains, The findings from the time-series analysis followed in the same direction as the cross-sectional results, indicating a robust relationship between a TFP, degree of openness, and capital formation. Debt was found to be inversely related, this implies that agricultural industries/farmers lack debt management skills. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Ordinary least square (OLS); Total factor producitvity (TFP); Trade liberalisation or degree of openness and capital formation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-46349092468	Sprout selection and performance of goats fed Acacia karroo coppices in the False Thornveld of the Eastern Cape, South Africa	Nyamukanza C.C., Scogings P.F.	2008	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	38	2	None	Department of Agriculture, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa	Nyamukanza, C.C., Department of Agriculture, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; Scogings, P.F., Department of Agriculture, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa	Acacia karroo Hayne is the dominant invading species in semi-arid savannas of South Africa and is an ecological threat of our modern era. This study investigated the preference and intake rates by goats when fed A. karroo coppice sprouts of different basal diameter sizes, viz. 3 mm, 4 mm and 5 mm. A study was also conducted to determine the digestibility and performance of goats when fed A. karroo coppices and commercial feed pellets. Nitrogen content varied among the sprout sizes. The larger sprouts had the highest nitrogen content, but the acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre and hemicellulose did not differ among sprout sizes. There were no significant differences in preference of the different sprout sizes. Intake rate of the sprout sizes was significantly different; small sprouts were consumed at the highest intake rate compared to medium size sprouts, but not compared to the larger sprouts. Nguni goats had higher bite rates compared to Boer goats. However, intake rates of the Boer goats and the Nguni goats were not significantly different. Goats fed A. karroo had a higher average daily gain compared to the goats fed the pellets. Average daily gain differed between the two goat breeds. Apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein for A. karroo and pellets also differed. It is concluded that both Boer and Nguni goats have the potential to utilize smaller A. karroo sprouts. These animals can therefore potentially be used to control bush encroachment. © South African Society for Animal Science.	Browse; Bush encroachment; Digestibility; Herbivory; Intake rate; Preference	Acacia; Acacia karroo; Animalia; Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052067781	Evaluation of neem seed extract for the control of major field pests of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L. Walp) under calendar and monitored sprays	Egho E.O.	2011	Advances in Environmental Biology	5	1	None	Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Nigeria	Egho, E.O., Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Nigeria	Cowpea growers sometimes apply chemicals as many as 8-10 times to control insect pests during the growing season. Calendar sprays at 7 days' intervals (CA.S7) carried out 5 times and 10 days' intervals (CA.S10) carried out 4 times and monitored spray (MOS) carried out only when insect infestation/damage reached or exceeded the action threshold were studied to find out their effect on major insect pests and yield of cowpea - whether there were differences in the number of insect pests and grain yield. The insect pests studied were the cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch, legume bud thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti Tryb, legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata Fab. and pod sucking bugs under the application of 5% aqueous extract of neem seed kernel extract (NSKE). The trials were conducted during the early and late planting seasons in Abraka, on a piece of land half a kilometre to Campus 2, Delta State University, Nigeria. The results indicated that calendar sprays significantly controlled A. craccivora colonies compared to control in the early season. Population of other major insect pests was generally low. During the late season, the various NSKE treatments effectively controlled A. craccivora. No significant difference among the treatments in their effect on the other major insect pests. Grain yields were high in both seasons and a significant difference did not exist among the calendar and monitored spray treatments. Three main things are obvious from this study: (1) neem seed kernel extract is effective in the control of cowpea insect pests, especially A. craccivora, (2) Grain yields were similar in calendar and monitor sprays. (3) spraying every 10 days for 4 times and monitoring insect pest damage/infestation before spraying reduced the number of chemical application.	Calendar and monitored sprays; Cowpea; Insect pests; Neem extract	Aphididae; Aphis craccivora; Azadirachta indica; Hexapoda; Maruca vitrata; Megalurothrips sjostedti; Thysanoptera; Vigna unguiculata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957796908	Performance of a sorghum/rice mixture at varying proportions of rice in a semi-arid environment of Nigeria	Odion E.C., Yahaya R.A., Aliyu And L., Babaji B.A.	2008	Research on Crops	9	1	None	Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR), Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria	Odion, E.C., Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR), Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria; Yahaya, R.A., Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR), Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria; Aliyu And, L., Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR), Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria; Babaji, B.A., Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR), Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria	A field trial was conducted at Samaru, Nigeria in the 1997 and 1998 cropping seasons to study the effect of rice (Oryza sativum L.) proportions and thinning levels on the performance of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and rice in mixed stands. Sorghum performed better in the drier year than in the wetter one, gave LER values that were lower than expected values except at the 1 : 3 and 1 : 1 stand proportions in 1997 and 1998, respectively. The sorghum crop was most stable at the 1 : 1 stand proportion and less aggressive than the rice crop in the mixed stands. The rice crop performed better in the wetter year than the drier (i. e. 1998 compared to 1997), gave LER values that were lower than expected except at the 1 : 1 and 1 : 4 stand proportions in 1997 and 1998, respectively. The rice crop gave stability values that were lower than expected at all the stand proportions and was more aggressive than the sorghum crop at all the stand proportions. The mixtures gave LER values that were either equal to or greater than 1.00 only at the 1:1 and 1:2 stand proportions; indicating that the mixture was only more efficient than the pure stands at the 1:1 stand proportion. It was also most stable at the 1:1 stand proportion; suggesting that the planting higher proportions of rice for the cash return from rice is detrimental to the mixture and to the food security of farmers in the area.	Mixture; Rice; Semi-arid environment; Sorghum	Oryza; Sativum; Sorghum bicolor	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45749107747	Environmental impact of oil exploration on the crustacean zooplankton of Osse River, Southern Nigeria	Omoigberale M.O., Ogbeibu A.E.	2007	Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research	50	4	None	Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, P. M. B. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria	Omoigberale, M.O., Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, P. M. B. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria; Ogbeibu, A.E., Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, P. M. B. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria	The impact of crude oil exploration on the crustacean zooplankton of Osse River, Edo State (Nigeria) was investigated at five sites between July 2000 and June 2002. Cladocera accounted for 60.85% of the total number of organisms collected from all the five stations, while Copepoda contributed 39.15%. Chydoridae, the only cladoceran family was represented by 11 taxa of two subfamilies, Aloninae (7) and Chydorinae (4). The overall abundance of Cladocera was significantly different (P < 0.05) among the stations. posteriori Duncan Multiple Range (DMR) test showed that the abundance of Cladocera was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in 3 stations, whereas, Copepod abundance was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in 2 stations. The diversity indices revealed the highest and the lowest taxa richness, while Shannon-Wiener and Evenness indices were higher in 3 stations. The temporal dynamics revealed higher faunal abundance during the dry season.	Bio-diversity; Crustacea; Fresh water; Nigerian river environment; Oil exploration impact; Zooplankton	abundance; biodiversity; crude oil; crustacean; environmental impact; oil production; pollution effect; river water; species richness; temporal variation; zooplankton; Africa; Edo; Nigeria; Osse River; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Chydoridae; Cladocera; Copepoda; Crustacea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84960366261	Evaluation of rice genotypes for resistance to brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens stål) populations from the central region of Thailand	Sreewongchai T., Worede F., Phumichai C., Sripichitt P.	2015	Kasetsart Journal - Natural Science	49	4	None	Department of Agronomy, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand; Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute, Sirinka Research Center, Woldia, Ethiopia	Sreewongchai, T., Department of Agronomy, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand; Worede, F., Department of Agronomy, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand, Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute, Sirinka Research Center, Woldia, Ethiopia; Phumichai, C., Department of Agronomy, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand; Sripichitt, P., Department of Agronomy, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand	Intensive cultivation of rice is believed to be one of the factors responsible for the outbreak of brown planthopper (BPH). An experiment was conducted to study the reaction of 22 rice genotypes to six populations of BPH collected from rice research centers and from farmers’ fields of central Thailand. The results showed that populations of BPH from rice research centers were relatively more virulent than those from farmers’ fields. Cluster analysis using the mean BPH damage score divided the genotypes into three groups. Group I contained 18 susceptible genotypes including the susceptible check TN1. Group II contained two moderately resistant genotypes, IR64 and RD31, while the third group was made up of the resistant checks, Rathu Heenati and Ptb33. Rathu Heenati and Ptb33 could be used as sources of resistance for BPH in central Thailand. However, it is important to study the reaction of more genotypes by using additional BPH populations. The differential response of genotypes to populations of rice research centers and farmers’ fields of the same province also needs further investigation. © 2015, Kasetsart University. All right reserved.	Brown planthopper; Nilaparvata lugens stål; Resistance; Rice	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957824383	Fertilizer trials on performance of Aloe-vera	Owoade F.M., Adeoye G.O., Oluwa O.O.A., Olatunji O.O., Lawal B.A.	2008	Research on Crops	9	2	None	Department of Agronomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Owoade, F.M., Department of Agronomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Adeoye, G.O., Department of Agronomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria, Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Oluwa, O.O.A., Department of Agronomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria, Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Olatunji, O.O., Department of Agronomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Lawal, B.A., Department of Agronomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria	Pot experiment was conducted at the University of Ibadan, Ibadan between November 2001 and March 2002 to determine the effects of different fertilizers on the performance of Aloe-vera using a completely randomized design with 19 treatments with four replicates. The fertilizer treatments were control (no fertilizer), 100 and 200 kg/ha of NPK 10-10-10, NPK 15-15-15 and NPK 27-13-13, 50 and 100 kg/ha N (Urea), 40 and 80 kg P 2O5/ha as sokoto rock phosphate. Others are 20 and 40 kg P 2O 5/ha as SSP, organomineral fertilizer grade A and B at 2 and 5 t/ha, 40 and 80 kg/ha K 2O as KCl fertilizer. Parameters measured were leaf length, leaf width, weight gained, number of leaves and number of shoots. Aloe-vera plant treatments with NPK 20-10-10 at 200 kg/ha were the most superior and significantly higher than other treatments in terms of weight, leaf length and leaf width.	Aloe-vera; Medicinal plants; Organic fertilizer; Organomineral fertilizer; Sokoto rock phosphate; Suckers	Aloe vera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860466986	Yield and quality performance of sesame varieties as affected by potassium fertilizer	Olaniyi J.O.	2011	Tropical Agriculture	88	1	None	Department Of Agronomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P. M. B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria	Olaniyi, J.O., Department Of Agronomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P. M. B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria	In view of the relative importance of Sesamum indicum, as a good source of oil and medicinal plants in Africa, the production of good quality and high yielding varieties is highly desirable. The pot experiment was conducted at Ogbomoso in the southwestern Nigeria to determine the level of K fertilizer needed for the maximum seed yield and quality of three sesame varieties. The treatments used included four levels of potassium fertilizer (0, 15, 30 and 45kg K20 ha-1) and three varieties of sesame namely; Pachequero, Panshin and C-K2. These twelve treatments were assigned into a completely randomized design fitted into a factorial experiment with three replications. The plant growth and yield attributes such as plant height, number of leaves, number of flowers, and number of seeds per pod significantly (P≤0.05) improved with increased rate of potassium fertilizer with optimum value obtained at 30kg K20 ha-1. K application significantly (P≤0.05) affected the seed yield and yield components of the three sesame varieties with optimum values obtained at 30kg K20 ha-1. The quality and nutrient elements compositions significantly increased with optimum values obtained when 30 kg K2 0 ha -1 was applied. Therefore, 30kg K20 ha-1 could be applied to sesame on the less productive soils in Ogbomoso. Although all sesame varieties used recorded better performance in this agro-ecological zone, C-K2 showed an outstanding seed yield performance with or without K fertilizer applications. However, the best variety in terms of seed quality was pachequero. © 2011 Trop. Agric. (Trinidad).	Potassium fertilizer; Seed quality; Seed yield; Sesamum indicum; Varieties	Sesamum indicum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860434233	Intercrop performance of maize, sorghum and soybean in row-replacement series systems	Quainoo A.K., Bissue J.K., Aidoo I.K.	2011	Tropical Agriculture	88	4	None	Department of Agronomy, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana; Department of Mathematics and Applied Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana	Quainoo, A.K., Department of Agronomy, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana; Bissue, J.K., Department of Agronomy, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana; Aidoo, I.K., Department of Mathematics and Applied Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana	A field experiment was conducted during the 2001 and 2002 cropping season at the Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana. The objective of the study was to determine the appropriate crop mixture ratios for maize/soybean and sorghum/soybean cropping systems. The crop mixtures were assessed on the basis of new indices termed 'actual yield loss' (AYL) and 'intercropping advantage' (IA), and other existing indices such as land equivalent ratio (LER), relative crowding coefficient (RCC) and monetary advantage (MA). Except the three rows of maize (Zea mays cv. Okomasa) alternating with three rows of soybean (Glycine max cv. sallintuya -1), three rows of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor cv. Framida) alternating with three rows of soybean (Glycine max cv. sallintuya -1), and two rows of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor cv. Framida) alternating with three rows of soybean (Glycine max cv. sallintuya -1), intercropping reduced the yields of the component crops with respect to the pure stands. Three rows of maize (Zea mays cv. Okomasa) alternating with three rows of soybean (Sorghum bicolor cv. Framida proved to be most remunerative mixture (AYL = +0.275, IA = +0.828), followed by three rows of sorghum alternating with three rows of soybean (AYL = +0.065, IA = +0.700) and two rows of sorghum alternating with three rows of soybean (AYL = -0.344, IA = +0.171). Yield loss or gain could not be quantified by LERs and RCCs whereas AYLs and IAs indicated yield loss or gain by its sign. Therefore, AYL and IA are more appropriate when assessing yields in intercropping arrangements. © Trop. Agric. (Trinidad).	AYL; IA; LER; MA; Maize; RCC; Sorghum and soybean	Glycine max; Sorghum bicolor; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951678075	Comparative performance of direct seeding and transplanting green maize under farmer management in small scale irrigation: A case study of Zanyokwe, Eastern Cape, South Africa	Fanadzo M., Chiduza C., Mnkeni P.N.S.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	7	None	Department of Agronomy, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	Fanadzo, M., Department of Agronomy, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Chiduza, C., Department of Agronomy, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Mnkeni, P.N.S., Department of Agronomy, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	An on-farm experiment was conducted at Zanyokwe irrigation scheme (ZIS) in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa (SA) to evaluate comparative performance of direct seeded and transplanted green maize under farmer management. Results indicated that the mean labour requirements for establishment were 212 h ha-1 with transplanting and 1.9 h ha-1 with direct seeding. Crop stand significantly increased from 48 to 97% when maize was transplanted rather than directly seeded. Variable costs were R5 462 and R1 896 ha-1 for transplanted and directly seeded maize, respectively. The corresponding net benefits were R15 005 and R6 232 ha-1, respectively. All farmers were in favour of transplanting, citing bigger cobs, early maturity and the absence of bird damage with transplanted maize, and this was supported by results of statistical analysis. A follow-up survey conducted during the subsequent summer growing season indicated that of the six farmers, only one continued with transplanting. The results suggest that although transplanting might be a better alternative to direct seeding for the study area, the technology is unlikely to succeed unless the labour intensiveness of manual transplanting can be solved. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Adoption; Crop stand; Direct seeding; Economics; Farmer management; Green maize; Transplanting	Aves; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928943380	Evaluation of nitrogen fertilizer rates on growth and yield of commercially grown maize genotypes in southwestern Nigeria	Olaniyan A.B.	2015	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	13	2	None	Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Olaniyan, A.B., Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Experiments were designed to estimate the nitrogen requirements of some commercially grown maize genotypes and those under research trials. The first experiment consisted of four rates of nitrogen fertilizer (N 0, 25, 75 and 100 kg/ha) with three maize genotypes: single-cross hybrid (Oba Super1), and two open pollinated genotypes, I-WDC3Syn and ACR-91Suwan1-SRC1, while in the second experiment, six fertilizer rates were used (N 0, 50, 75,100,150 and 200 kg/ha) and two additional maize genotypes (STR double cross and STR 3 way cross) were included. Experimental designs were split plot with fertilizer rates as the main plots and maize genotypes as subplots. Data were taken on morphological parameters, growth rates, dry matter production, yield and components of yield. No consistent differences were recorded for most growth and morphological parameters; though the parameters increased with increasing nitrogen. Grain yield of maize genotypes significantly (P = 0.05) increased with response up to N 200 kg/ha; however, no significant increase was obtained above N 75 kg/ha. Grain yield increase of 18.1, 64.8 and 71.8% were recorded at N 25, 75 and 100 kg/ha, respectively, in the first experiment, while increase of 37.5, 42.6, 60.5, 59.3 and 73.4% were recorded at N 50, 75, 100, 150 and 200 kg/ha, respectively, for second experiment. Grain yield of commercial hybrid was higher than that of the open pollinated genotypes in all the nitrogen fertilizer rates. Hybrid maize genotype (Oba super1) outyielded the open pollinated genotypes ACR-91Suwan1-SRC1 and I-WDC3Syn by 13.4 and 20.4%, respectively, in the first experiment and 17.6 and 32.8%, respectively, in the second experiment. In conclusion, hybrid maize genotypes were superior to open pollinated genotypes, indicating that hybrid maize does not require more nitrogen fertilizer than open pollinated in exhibiting their potential yield, also, additional maize grain increase with respect to fertilizer cost was not profitable above N 100 kg/ha. © 2015, World Food Ltd. and WFL Publishers. All rights reserved.	Genotypes; Grain yield; Maize; Nitrogen fertilizer	nitrogen fertilizer; agricultural parameters; Article; biomass production; chlorophyll content; experimental design; genotype; genotype environment interaction; grain yield; growth rate; leaf area; maize; Nigeria; nonhuman; plant growth; plant height; plant structures; plant yield component; plantation; soil analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939782037	Performance of tropical maize hybrids under conditions of low and optimum levels of nitrogen fertilizer application - Grain yield, biomass production and nitrogen accumulation	Abe A., Adetimirin V.O., Menkir A., Moose S.P., Olaniyan A.B.	2013	Maydica	58	2	None	Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, United States	Abe, A., Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adetimirin, V.O., Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Menkir, A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Moose, S.P., Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, United States; Olaniyan, A.B., Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Nitrogen (N) is the most limiting mineral nutrient in the soils of the major maize producing areas of West and Central Africa. Low soil N and sub-optimal application of N fertilizers lead to N deficiency and poor grain yield (GY) in maize. Maize varieties with improved grain yield under low soil N and increased performance under optimal N availability could be beneficial to low input agriculture. This study evaluated the performance of a selection of experimental and commercial hybrids under suboptimal and optimal N fertilizer applications. Significant differences were observed among the hybrids, as well as significant interactions between hybrid and N level for GY and other measured attributes, with the severity of variation increasing as the level of N decreases. Mean GY reductions across the years was 76.5% at no-N and 35.4% at low-N. Depending on N treatment, GY varied from 0.48 to 4.42 Mg ha-1, grain N content from 0.17 to 1.26 g plant-1, total N content at harvest from 0.33 to 2.00 g plant-1, above ground biomass at silking from 30.6 to 91.2 g plant-1 and at maturity from 39.9 to 191.1 g plant-1. Number of kernels was the GY component most severely reduced by N stress and had significant (p ≤ 0.001) positive correlation with GY at all N levels. Six hybrids (4001/4008, KU1409/4008, KU1409/9613, 4008/1808, 4058/Fun 47-4, and 1824/9432) which showed consistent above average grain yields under no-N, low-N, high-N and across N levels were found and their use could further be investigated.	Grain yield; Low input agriculture; Low soil N; Maize hybrids; Number of kernels	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908200710	Impact of soybean (Glycine maxL.) and maize (Zea mays L.) inter-crop on the vegetative and yield performance of yellow oleander (Thevetia peruviana (Pers) Schum.)	Aboyeji C.M., Abayomi Y.A., Aduloju M.O., Olofintoye T.A.J.	2014	Tropical Agriculture	91	3	None	Department of Agronomy, University of Ilorin, florin, Nigeria; College of Agricultural Sciences, Landmark University, Omuaran, Nigeria; National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT), Ibadan, Nigeria	Aboyeji, C.M., Department of Agronomy, University of Ilorin, florin, Nigeria; Abayomi, Y.A., Department of Agronomy, University of Ilorin, florin, Nigeria; Aduloju, M.O., College of Agricultural Sciences, Landmark University, Omuaran, Nigeria; Olofintoye, T.A.J., National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT), Ibadan, Nigeria	Vegetative and yield performance of Thevetia peruviana (Pers) Schum. were evaluated under soybean (Glycine max L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) cropping systems during the 2008 and 2009 rainy seasons at the Research Farm of the Biofuel Alternative and Renewable Energy Ltd, Edidi, Kwara State in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria. The treatment included sole T. peruviana, sole soybean, sole maize, T. peruvtana/soybean and T. peruvianalmaize cropping systems with T. peruviana plant population of 2,500 plants ha-1. The treatments were laid out in Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replicates. Two rows of maize at one plant/stand were planted in each plot assigned for T. peruviana/maize while four rows of maize were planted in each plot assigned for sole maize. Soybean at two plants/stand was planted in each plot assigned for T. peruvtana/soybean and sole soybean. Results obtained indicated that T. peruvtana/soybean cropping system improved the vegetative growth parameters of the two component crops while T. peruviana/maize cropping system reduced both the vegetative and the yield parameters of the test crop. However the widest stem width was observed under the control T. peruviana. The kernel size of T. peruviana was not significantly affected irrespective of the cropping systems. The kernel yield of T. peruviana under T. peruvtana/soybean cropping system increased although statistically similar with sole T. peruviana while the seed yield of soybean under T. peruvtana/soybean cropping system significantly increased when compared with the sole soybean. The complimentary use of growth resources such as nutrients, water and light in T. peruviana/soybean cropping system resulted into increase plant height, number of branches and the overall yield of the two component crops. Thus, it can be recommended that for higher yield and sustainability T. peruvtana/soybean cropping system is better adopted among the cropping systems. © 2014 Trop. Agric. (Trinidad).	Inter-cropping; Thevetia peruviana; Vegetative growth and Kernel yield	Glycine max; Nerium; Thevetia peruviana; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051681371	Value and impact of massive blood transfusion protocols in the management of trauma patients	Ortega-Gonzalez M.D.C., Monzon-Torres B.I.	2011	Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia	17	4	None	Department of Anaesthesia, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa; Trauma Directorate, Division of Surgery, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa	Ortega-Gonzalez, M.D.C., Department of Anaesthesia, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa; Monzon-Torres, B.I., Trauma Directorate, Division of Surgery, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa	Trauma-related injuries are the second leading cause of death and disability in South Africa. The traditional approach to surgery and resuscitation of severely injured patients has undergone change over the past 10 years. New concepts like damage control surgery and damage control resuscitation radically changed the practice of conventional resuscitation. Bleeding trauma patients die as a consequence of the so-called lethal triad or bloody vicious cycle: acidosis, coagulopathy and hypothermia. Effective initial management of trauma patients can help to improve outcomes. © SASA.	Coagulopathy; Damage control resuscitation; Damage control surgery; Hypothermia; Massive bleeding; Massive blood transfusion protocol; Metabolic acidosis	accidental injury; article; bleeding; blood clotting disorder; blood component therapy; blood transfusion; damage control surgery; human; hypothermia; injury; metabolic acidosis; resuscitation; South Africa; traumatology	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880680080	Evaluation of antioxidant potential of methanolic leaf extract of anacardium Occidentale (Linn) on the testes of streptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rats	Ukwenya V., Ashaolu O., Adeyemi D., Obuotor E., Tijani A., Biliaminu A., Caxton-Martins E.	2013	European Journal of Anatomy	17	2	None	Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria; D	Ukwenya, V., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria; Ashaolu, O., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria; Adeyemi, D., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Obuotor, E., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Tijani, A., Department of Biochemistry, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria; Biliaminu, A., Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Caxton-Martins, E., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Anti-diabetic and antioxidant properties. The objective of this work was to determine the effects of Anacardium occidentale leaf extract (AOLE) on the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and anti-oxidant enzymes (Glutathione peroxidase, GPx and superoxide dismutase, SOD) in the testicular homogenate of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Forty (40) wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomly divided into four experimental groups. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (70 mg/kg b.w.). Five days after the confirmation of hyperglycemia, Groups A and B were treated with 300 mg/kg b.w of the extract and 1 I.U/kg b.w. insulin respectively. Groups C and D served as hyperglycemic and normal controls respectively. Animals were sacrificed 16 days after treatment. Our study showed that AOLE ameliorated the level of TBARS and improved the activities of G-6-PDH, SOD and GPx in the testes of extract-treated rats.	Anacardium occidentale; Anti-oxidant; Diabetes; Hyperglycemia; Oxidative stress.	Anacardium occidentale leaft extract; antioxidant; enzyme; glucose; glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase; isophane insulin; peroxidase; plant extract; superoxide dismutase; thiobarbituric acid reactive substance; unclassified drug; animal cell; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antioxidant activity; article; controlled study; drug effect; enzyme activity; glucose blood level; hyperglycemia; male; nonhuman; oxidative stress; rat; streptozocin diabetes; testis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349574617	Evaluation of the Histo-Gastroprotective and antimicrobial activities of Heliotropium indicum linn (Boraginaceae)	Adelaja A.A., Ayoola M.D., Otulana J.O., Akinola O.B., Olayiwola A., Ejiwunmi A.B.	2008	Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences	15	3	None	Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P.M.B. 1515, Ikenne, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P.M.B. 1515, Ikenne, Ogun State, Nigeria; Depar	Adelaja, A.A., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P.M.B. 1515, Ikenne, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ayoola, M.D., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P.M.B. 1515, Ikenne, Ogun State, Nigeria; Otulana, J.O., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P.M.B. 1515, Ikenne, Ogun State, Nigeria; Akinola, O.B., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Olayiwola, A., Department of Morbid Anatomy, Olabisi Onabanjo Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 1515, Ikenne, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ejiwunmi, A.B., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P.M.B. 1515, Ikenne, Ogun State, Nigeria	Heliotropium indicum of the family Boraginaceae is used locally in Nigeria to treat ailments such as ulcer and fever. In this study, ulceration of the gastric mucosa in Wistar rats was induced via the oral administration of 80mg/kg/bodyweight of Indomethacin. Histological analyses of the stomach body wall in the rats of Groups 2 and 4 (which received 100mg/kg/bodyweight of extract before oral administration of 80mg/kg/bodyweight Indomethacin and 80mg/kg/bodyweight Indomethacin only respectively) showed erosion of the mucus-secreting cells, gastric pit, upper and middle parts of gastric glands and some of the parietal cells. Histological observations of the stomach body wall in rats of Group 5 (which received 200mg/kg/bodyweight of extract before oral administration of 80mg/kg/bodyweight of Indomethacin) showed erosion of the mucus-secreting cells, gastric pit and the upper most part of the gastric gland. Histological observations of the stomach body wall in rats of Groups 1, 6 and 3 (which received 50mg/kg/bodyweight of Ranitidine and 400mg/kg/bodyweight of extract before oral administration of 80mg/kg/bodyweight Indomethacin; and only 80mg/kg/bodyweight of Normal Saline respectively) showed normal morphological appearance of the different components of the mucosa layer. Thus, the aqueous extracts of the dried leaves of Heliotropium indicum have dose dependent histo-gastroprotective effects.	Heliotropium indicum; Histo-gastroprotective effects; Mucosa; Ulcerated gastric	Heliotropium indicum extract; indometacin; plant extract; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antimicrobial activity; article; controlled study; Heliotropium; heliotropium indicum; histopathology; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant leaf; rat; stomach erosion; stomach mucosa; stomach parietal cell; stomach protection; stomach ulcer; Wistar rat	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80155133371	Stereological evaluation of the effects of momordica charantia, antioxidants and testosterone on seminiferous tubules of rat [Evaluación estereológica de los efectos de momordica charantia, antioxidantes y testosterona sobre los túbulos seminíferos de rat	Yama O.E., Duru F.I., Oremosu A.A., Noronha C.C., Okanlawon A.	2011	International Journal of Morphology	29	3	None	Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Yama, O.E., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Duru, F.I., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Oremosu, A.A., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Noronha, C.C., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Okanlawon, A., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Ubiquitous consumption of Momordica charantia is hinged on credence of its potency in alleviating ailments. Almost no data exist on its quantitative relationship to the testes. The aim was to study the histomorphometric effect of Momordica charantia seed extract (MC), ascorbic acid (C), alpha-tocopherol (E) and testosterone (T) on the testes of rats. Ninety five mature 6-8 week-old male Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats allotted randomly into six groups. Group I: fed MC for 16 weeks. Group II: administered MC for 8 weeks, later distilled water for another 8 weeks. Group III: administered C, E, T and a combination of all three test solutions (CET) for 8 weeks and later fed MC for another 8 weeks. Group IV: received MC initially for 8 weeks and later administered C, E, T and CET for another 8 weeks. Group V: fed concurrently the extract, C, E, T and CET for 8 weeks. Group VI (control): administered C, E, T, CET and distilled water for 16 weeks. The doses for MC, C, E and T were 50 mg/100 g b.w/oral/day, 0.01, 20.0 and 0.05 mg/kg. The animals were sacrificed; testes estimated for volume. Diameter, cross sectional area (AC), number of profiles per unit area (NA), length density (LV) and numerical density (NV) of the seminiferous tubules determined. The mean testicular volumes, tubular diameters and AC showed significant decline (p ≤ 0.05) in Groups I and III compared to controls. On cessation of MC values recovered to baseline control value. Groups IV and V, were not significantly (p £ 0.05) different from controls. There was a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in NA, LV and NV of seminiferous tubules in Groups I and III compared to controls. Histomorphometric data supports a reversible deleterious effect of MC on testes.	Histomorphometric; Momordica charantia; Sprague-dawley; Testes	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34248504652	The differential impact of various assessment parameters on the medical students performance in the professional anatomy examination in a new medical school	Shittu L.A.J., Zachariah M.P., Izegbu M.C., Adesanya O.A., Ashiru O.A.	2006	International Journal of Morphology	24	4	None	Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University, College of Medecine (Lasucom), PMB 21266, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Psychiatry, Lagos State University, College of Medecine (Lasucom), PMB 21266, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Morbid Anatomy	Shittu, L.A.J., Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University, College of Medecine (Lasucom), PMB 21266, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Zachariah, M.P., Department of Psychiatry, Lagos State University, College of Medecine (Lasucom), PMB 21266, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Izegbu, M.C., Department of Morbid Anatomy, Lagos State University, College of Medecine (Lasucom), PMB 21266, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Adesanya, O.A., Department of Anatomy, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo-State, Nigeria; Ashiru, O.A., Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University, College of Medecine (Lasucom), PMB 21266, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria	There is a dearth of knowledge on the level of agreement between all the various assessment tasks on the same content area, in order to test this hypothesis we adopted the concept of convergent validity and also to isolate area of academic weakness among the students and to readjust the curriculum content to balance the weakness. A blinded cohort retrospective study was carried out on a total of sixty-six third year medical students who had sat for their first professional examination in anatomy in the new medical college of Lagos State University. Using records of their grades in the various assessments parameters- the average end-in course assessment, short essays question (SEQ), multiplechoice questions (MCQ), and practical (Steeple-chase). The mean + S.D. Pearson's correlation with students t-test (p< 0.05 being significant) were analyzed using the computerized SPSS 11 (SPSS inc. Chicago, Illinois) software package. The practical was significantly correlated with overall performance (r = 0.89, p< 0.01); with the student t-value of 6.15 (p< 0.01). Although, the SEQ showed significant correlation to overall performance (r =0.72; p<0.01), the t-value of 0.4 was nonsignificant, but, within an acceptable range. The practical, MCQ, SEQ and end-incourse showed an overall rank order of relative performance in assessment tasks, therefore indicates that, in general, students performance in the Professional examination was better than in the end-incourse examination and hence, the need to reappraise this pattern and emphasize the role of incourse assessment in the curriculum. © 2007 Sociedad Chilena de Anatom•br>.	Anatomy; Assessment parameters; Nigeria; Student performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350077109	Spermatotoxic impact of bonny light crude oil (BLCO) ingestion on adult male Swiss albino mice	Adesanya O.A., Shittu L.A.J., Omonigbehin E.A., Tayo A.O.	2009	International Journal of Physical Sciences	4	5	None	Department of Anatomy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, College of Medicine, Ogun, Nigeria; Department of Anatomical Sciences, University of Abuja, College of Health Sciences Gwagwalada, P. O. Box 882, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria; Nigerian Medical Research Ins	Adesanya O.A., Department of Anatomy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, College of Medicine, Ogun, Nigeria; Shittu, L.A.J., Department of Anatomical Sciences, University of Abuja, College of Health Sciences Gwagwalada, P. O. Box 882, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria; Omonigbehin, E.A., Nigerian Medical Research Institute, NIMR, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria; Tayo A.O., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Increasing concern has been expressed about the possible declining trend in the sperm quality and sperm count of man as a result of exposure to environmental estrogenic agents in the past few years now. There is a general paucity of knowledge of BLCO ingestion on the reproductive effect. Hence, we aim to evaluate the impact of sub-lethal dose of BLCO ingestion on semen parameters of adult male mice. Initial acute toxicity study was carried out to determine the lethal dose of BLCO, which was calculated to be 37.4 mg/Kg body wt. A sub-lethal dose of 20 mg/Kg bwt /day of BLCO were then given to 8 male mice in the experimental group. While,the control group of 7 animals received equal volume of 0.9% normal saline via oral garvage for 2 weeks. Data were analysed using SPSS 12 statistical software with P &gt;0.05 considered statistically significant. There was a significant (P &gt;0.05) weight gain in the treated group with a significant (P &gt;0.05) reduction in sperm motility in the treated compared with control. The sperm density of treated and control were 14.5 × 106ml and 20.5 × 106 /ml respectively. However, there were also no significant difference in the relative testicular weight and sperm density of treated from that of the control respectively. Thus, it was concluded that BLCO ingestion is spermatotoxic in the adult male Swiss mice © 2009 Academic Journals..	Adult male mice; BLCO; Motility; Sperm density; Sub-lethal dose	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922985341	Radiologic Evaluation of the Orbital Index among the Igbo Ethnic Group of Nigeria	Ezeuko V.C., Om'Iniabohs F.A.E.	2015	European Journal of Anatomy	19	1	None	Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Ugbowo, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria	Ezeuko, V.C., Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Ugbowo, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Om'Iniabohs, F.A.E., Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Ugbowo, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria	The two orbits in the human face serve as sockets for the eyeball and other visual apparatus. It is pyramidal in shape with the apex directed posteriorly and the base which forms the orbital margin located anteriorly. The purpose of this study was to radiologically evaluate the orbital index of the Igbo ethnic group of Nigeria. Three hundred and fifty frontal plain radiological films of the skull were obtained from the National Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria. The films comprised of 217 males and 133 females aged between zero and seventy nine years (0-79 years). The maximal orbital height was measured from the frontal film as the maximum vertical distance between the superior and inferior orbital rims while the maximal orbital width was determined as the maximum horizontal distance between the medial and lateral orbital rims. The orbital indices were estimated from the data gathered using the formula: Orbital index=[maximal orbital height/maximal orbital width]*100. The analyses were done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. The results are reported as mean ± standard deviation. The orbital indices of both sides as well as both sexes were compared using the Student t-test. The differences were considered statistically significant when probability was less than 0.05 (P<0.05). The results showed that the mean orbital index was 73.09±13.47. This study also revealed that the orbital index was significantly higher (P<0.05) in males than in females. There were no statistically significant differences (P>0.05) between the right and left orbital indices in both sexes. It is recommended that further populationbased studies be carried out in different geographical locations.	Igbo ethnic group; Orbital height; Orbital index; Orbital width; Radiology	adolescent; adult; aged; Article; child; ethnic group; female; human; Igbo (people); infant; inferior orbital rim; major clinical study; male; maximal orbital width; maximum horizontal distance; maximum vertical distance; middle aged; musculoskeletal system parameters; newborn; Nigeria; orbit; orbital height; orbital index; preschool child; school child; sex difference; skull radiography; superior orbital rim; very elderly	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78349251274	The impact of macroeconomic and demographic factors on savings mobilisation in Nigeria	Uremadu S.O.	2009	Savings and Development	None	SUPPL.	None	Department of Banking and Finance, College of Agribusiness and Financial Management, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Uremadu, S.O., Department of Banking and Finance, College of Agribusiness and Financial Management, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	The role of savings in the economic growth of Nigeria cannot be over-emphasised. However, rapid population growth has posed a serious problem to savings mobilisation. A high dependency ratio of the population will require substantial increase in future spending on health, education and care for dependants. This envisaged decline in the working-age population could lead to lower savings and investment rates and slower GDP growth. Against this background, this paper examines the impact of dependency ratio on savings mobilisation in Nigeria using a number of macroeconomic indicators that influence savings. Nigerian data on relevant variables covering the period under investigation were utilised for the study. A multiple regression approach that incorporated an error-correction model was used for our data analysis and tests. The results suggested that savings ratio is determined by spread between lending and savings deposit rates (SLS), domestic inflation rate, real interest rate and foreign private investment (FPI). The major findings of this study are summarized as follows: (1) demographic factors seem to have played a positive and insignificant role in explaining the savings ratio in over two decades studied, (2) interest rates spread leads savings ratio, (3) domestic inflation rate has a negative and significant impact on savings ratio, and (4) foreign capital inflows, as measured by FPI positively and significantly affect savings ratio in Nigeria. The findings of this research will guide policy makers on economic growth and poverty reduction in countries of sub-Saharan Africa.	Dependency ratio; Domestic inflation rate; Foreign private investment; Macroeconomic indicators; Multiple regression; Real interest rate; Savings mobilisation; Spread	capital flow; demographic trend; economic growth; Gross Domestic Product; inflation; interest rate; investment; macroeconomics; multiple regression; population growth; poverty alleviation; savings; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41149112321	Impact of dredging on water quality and rotifers of the Ikpoba River, Benin City, Nigeria	Ogbeibu A.E., Anozia C.A.	2007	International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences	33	4	None	Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria	Ogbeibu, A.E., Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria; Anozia, C.A., Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria	The effect of dredging on the water quality and rotifers of the Ikpoba River was investigated at four stations-including an upstream control station (station 1). Air and water temperature, and water level were not significantly different (P > 0.05) among the stations. However, transparency, turbidity, flow rate, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids and total solids differed significantly among the stations. The a posteriori Duncan Multiple Range test revealed that transparency was significantly higher (P < 0.001) at station 1 than at the other stations which were not significantly different (P > 0.05), while turbidity was significantly lower at station 1 than the other stations. The total solids (suspended and dissolved) were also significantly lower (P < 0.01) at station 1 than at the other stations which never differed significantly. Among the chemical parameters, only pH, conductivity and iron were significantly different (P < 0.05) among the stations; pH and iron were lower in station 1 than in the other stations while conductivity was significantly higher in station 1 than in the other stations. All the parameters in stations 2, 3 and 4 were not significantly different from one another. With the exception of transparency, flow rate and conductivity, all significant parameters were higher at the dredged stations than at the control station. A total of 12 taxa of rotifers representing 8 families were recorded at station 1, but not a single individual of rotifers was recorded in the dredged stations. Dredging caused many potentially adverse environmental impacts such as change in underwater topography, increase in turbidity and suspended solids concentration, depletion of oxygen content, removal of plants and rotifers. These factors ultimately affected the biological interactions between species at different tropic levels, which was reflected in the rotifer distribution and abundance. © National Institute of Ecology.	Dredging; River; Rotifers; Tropics; Water quality	concentration (composition); dredging; ecological impact; river water; suspended load; trophic conditions; turbidity; water quality; Africa; Edo; Ikpoba River; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Rotifera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846701035	Performance and harvest measures of Somali and Arsi-Bale goats managed under three feeding systems in Ethiopia	Legesse G., Abebe G., Goetsch A.L.	2006	Journal of Applied Animal Research	30	1	None	Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Awassa College of Agriculture, Debub University, P. O. Box 5, Awassa, Ethiopia; E (Kika) de la Garza American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, P. O. Box 730, Langston, OK 73050, United States	Legesse, G., Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Awassa College of Agriculture, Debub University, P. O. Box 5, Awassa, Ethiopia; Abebe, G., Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Awassa College of Agriculture, Debub University, P. O. Box 5, Awassa, Ethiopia; Goetsch, A.L., E (Kika) de la Garza American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, P. O. Box 730, Langston, OK 73050, United States	Forty-eight intact male goats, approximately 9 months of age, were used in an 84-day experiment to determine effects and interactions of genotype [27 Arsi-Bale and 21 Somali, with mean initial body weight (BW) of 14.1 and 15.9 kg, respectively (SE=0.39)] and feeding system (intensive, semi-intensive and extensive) on growth performance and harvest measures. Goats on the intensive (I) treatment were confined in individual pens and fed Rhodesgrass hay supplemented with 300 g/day (air-dry) of a concentrate mixture; semiintensive (S) goats grazed grass pasture for 7 h / day and were supplemented with 300 g / day of concentrate; and goats on the extensive (E) treatment grazed grass pasture for 8 h daily. There were no significant interactions between genotype and feeding system. Average daily gain (ADG) ranked (P<0.05) S > I > E (54, 32, and 5 g) and was greater (P<0.06) for Somali than for Arsi-Bale goats (34 vs 27 g). Hot carcass dressing percentage among feeding systems was lowest (P≤0.05) for E (42.6, 43.3 and 38.8% for I, S and E, respectively). Carcasses of Somali goats were lower (P<0.05) in separable lean tissue (55.3 vs 58.9%) and higher in fat (P<0.05; 14.0 vs 11.0%) compared with Arsi-Bale carcasses. Carcass separable lean concentration ranked (P<0.05) S (62.2%) > I (57.5%) > E (51.6%), fat among feeding systems was greatest (P<0.05) for I (15.3, 11.2 and 10.9% for I, S and E, respectively) and bone was greatest (P<0.05) for E (27.3, 26.6 and 37.5% for I, S and E, respectively). In conclusion, ADG of male Somali and Arsi-Bale goats was similarly affected by the different feeding systems, with Somali goats yielding greater final BW than Arsi-Bale as a function of both greater initial BW and ADG during the experiment. Feeding system can impact not only growth performance but also carcass characteristics that may influence consumer appeal. © GSP, India.	Body composition; Feeding system; Goats; Performance	Capra hircus; Chloris gayana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960806064	Performance and physiological responses of naked-neck chickens and their F 1 crosses with commercial layer breeds to long-term high ambient temperature	Melesse A.	2011	Global Veterinaria	6	3	None	Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia	Melesse, A., Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia	An experiment was conducted on forty-eight female chickens from each of the following genotypes: Naked-neck (Na, from Ethiopia), New Hampshire (NH), Lohmann White (LW) and F 1 crosses of NaxNH and NaxLW. Twenty four chickens from each genotype were randomly divided and assigned either to high (30-32 °C) or normal ambient temperature (18-20 °C). Body weights were measured during 20 and 68 weeks of age. Eggs were collected once daily while egg weight and feed intake were determined at 28-d intervals. Blood samples were taken from 12 randomly selected birds per genotype and ambient temperature at 38, 51 and 65 weeks age. Total protein levels were measured in plasma whereas differential leukocyte counts were determined from whole blood. Compared with controls, the egg production and feed consumption in commercial layers significantly reduced by 24.2 and 15%, respectively. Surprisingly, heat stress favourably increased body weight in NaxLW genotype by 1.7 and 2.8 % at 20 and 65 weeks, respectively and appeared to be the best F 1 cross combinations. 1 The effect of heat stress was significant for all differential leukocyte counts. Compared with controls, the respective increase in heterophil, basophil and monocyte counts was 19.2, 43.6 and 41% whereas the lymphocyte and eosinophil numbers reduced by 9 and 11.6%, respectively. The hetrophil:lymphocyte (H/L) ratio increased by 45, 18 and 19% at 38, 51 and 65 weeks age, respectively. At high temperature, the highest lymphocyte counts were noted in LW and the lowest in NaxNH whereas heterophil counts were highest in NH and NaxNH resulting in increased H/L ratio. The total plasma protein reduced in all heat stressed chickens although it was only significant at 38 weeks age. It was inferred that the total plasma protein mean values in heat stressed hens declined from 4.12 g/dl at 38 weeks to 2.22 g/dl at 65 weeks. In conclusion, the Na and its F crosses demonstrated better heat stress tolerant than commercial layer chickens as evidenced by measured 1 performance and physiological parameters. These results suggested that differential leukocyte counts, H/L ratio and total plasma protein could be used as a reliable indicator of long-term heat stress in layer chickens. © IDOSI Publications, 2011.	Commercial layer chickens; F 1 crosses; Heat stress; Leukocyte counts; Naked-neck chicken; total plasma protein	Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892996732	Reproductive performance of semi-intensively kept Döhne Merino ewes fed with different protein supplements	Webb E.C., van Niekerk W.A., Lee K., Marais W.J.	2010	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	40	5SUPPL.1	None	Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Grootfontein Agricultural Development Institute, Private Bag X529, Middelburg, EC, 5900, South Africa	Webb, E.C., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; van Niekerk, W.A., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Lee, K., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa, Grootfontein Agricultural Development Institute, Private Bag X529, Middelburg, EC, 5900, South Africa; Marais, W.J., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	A trial was conducted to determine the possible effects of an easily digestible nitrogen source in the form of urea compared to an undegradable protein supplement, age and birth status on the reproductive performance (ovulation rate and rate of twinning) of ewes. The weight, age and birth status of Döhne Merino ewes were recorded. A total of 144 Döhne Merino ewes were randomly allocated in two dietary treatment groups (either urea-based or undegradable protein group) synchronised, mated and the ovulation rate (estimated from the number of corpora lutea on the ovaries), foetuses observed on day 55 of gestation, lambs born per ewe and mass of the ewe after lambing were recorded. Dietary protein supplement had no significant effect on ovulation rate, pregnancy status, the number of lambs born per ewe or ewe weight after lambing. The number of lambs born per ewe of the one-year-old (0.99 ± 0.316), two-year-old (1.23 ± 0.134) and seven year old (0.92 ± 0.305) ewes were lower than that of four (1.69 ± 0.222) and six-year-old ewes (1.897 ± 0.248). Ewe age did not influence the ovulation rate of ewes, but the highest number of foetuses counted on day 55 of gestation was observed in 3-year-old ewes (1.68 ± 0.196). The number of lambs born per ewe of single born ewes (1.23 ± 0.104) was lower than that of twin born ewes (1.62 ± 0.106). It was concluded that dietary protein supplementation had no significant effect on ovulation rate or the number of lambs born per ewe mated, while age and birth status influenced the reproductive rate of Döhne Merino ewes. © South African Society for Animal Science.	Lambing status; Ovulation rate; Reproductive rate; Undegradable protein; Urea	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650199287	Interactive effect of dietary protein level and zilpaterol hydrochloride on feedlot performance and meat quality of steers	O'Neill H.A., Casey N.H., Webb E.C.	2010	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	40	3	None	Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	O'Neill, H.A., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Casey, N.H., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Webb, E.C., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Bonsmara type steers were used to determine the effect of dietary zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) in combination with different dietary crude protein (CP) levels (100, 120 and 140 g CP/kg) on growth performance and meat quality. Treatment groups (T) consisted of 12 steers each. T1 - 100 g CP/kg + 0.15 mg ZH/kg live weight (LW); T2 - 120 g CP/kg + 0.15 mg ZH/kg LW; T3 - 140 g CP/kg + 0.15 mg ZH/kg LW and T4 - 120 g CP/kg + 0 mg/kg LW. Steers received the diets from an initial LW of 278 kg and fed to a target mass of 390 kg. After a seven day ZH withdrawal period the steers were slaughtered and carcasses electrically stimulated. Samples from m. longissimus thoracis, m. semitendinosus and m. triceps brachii were kept in airtight polyethylene bags and matured for ten days at 4 °C. Zilpaterol treatment increased the average daily gain (ADG) non-significantly (NS) by 9.6%. Zilpaterol treatment improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) by 20% (NS). T2 showed a significant 39.4% improvement in FCR in comparison with T4. Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) of m. semitendinosus and m. biceps brachii samples differed between ZH treated groups. Cooking loss (CL) for m. longissimus thoracis was lower for T2 in comparison with T1, T3 and T4. ZH treatment for 35 days, electrical stimulation and a maturation period of 10 days generally left the WBSF and CL unaffected while the FCR in combination with 120 g CP/kg improved significantly. © South African Society for Animal Science.	β-agonist; Cooking loss; Growth efficiency; Meat tenderness	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38549113404	Growth performance and carcass characteristics of three Ethiopian goat breeds fed grainless diets varying in concentrate to roughage ratios	Sebsibe A., Casey N.H., Van Niekerk W.A., Tegegne A., Coertze R.J.	2007	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	37	4	None	Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box, 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Sebsibe, A., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Casey, N.H., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Van Niekerk, W.A., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Tegegne, A., International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box, 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Coertze, R.J., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Growth and carcass characteristics of three Ethiopian goat breeds, the Afar, Central Highland (CHG) and Long-eared Somali (LES) were evaluated using three grainless diets varying in concentrate:roughage ratios (diet 1 was 50:50, diet 2, 65:35 and diet 3, 80:20) under feedlot conditions. The roughage was native grass hay and the concentrate consisted of wheat bran and noug cake (Guizotia abyssinica). Seventy-two eight-month old intact male goats (24 per breed) were randomly allotted to the dietary treatments, fed for 126 days and slaughtered at an age of approximately 12 months. The LES had higher average daily gain (ADG), heavier slaughter, empty body (EBW) and carcass weights than Afar and CHG goats. Diet significantly affected ADG, but was similar on carcass traits except for dressing percentage (DP) on an EBW basis and some non-carcass components. The DP on an EBW basis was the highest on diet 1. Breed affected the DP, which ranged from 42.5 - 44.6% and 54.3 - 55.8% on slaughter weight and EBW basis, respectively. The LES had a greater buttock circumference and carcass compactness. The pH24 varied between 5.61 - 5.67 and chilling losses were between 2.5 and 3.1%. The physical carcass composition (8-10th rib-cut) ranged from 72 - 73, 6.9 - 10.9 and 17.1 - 20.2% for lean, fat and bone, respectively, and the fat content of the meat ranged from 10.3 - 14.0%. Breed affected the weights of internal fat depots. The findings indicate that breed affected the carcass characteristics of the three Ethiopian goat breeds. © South African Society for Animal Science.	Carcass composition; Carcass yield; Indigenous goats; Non-carcass components; Primal cuts	Capra hircus; Guizotia abyssinica; Triticum aestivum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955030442	Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall products: The effects on gut morphology and performance of broiler chickens	Brümmer M., van Rensburg C.J., Moran C.A.	2010	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	40	1	None	Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; North American Biosciences Centre, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY, United States	Brümmer, M., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; van Rensburg, C.J., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Moran, C.A., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa, North American Biosciences Centre, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY, United States	The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Bio-Mos® (Alltech Inc.), with or without the addition of a soluble mannan (MRF) (Alltech Inc.) on gastrointestinal health and performance of broiler chickens. A trial was conducted using seven different dietary treatments. It consisted of a negative control, 2 levels of Bio-Mos® (2 g/kg and 4 g/kg), 2 levels of MRF (0.1 g/kg and 0.2 g/kg) and 2 treatments combining the cell wall preparations (2 g/kg Bio-Mos® + 0.1 g/kg MRF and 4 g/kg Bio-Mos® + 0.2 g/kg MRF). Day-old male broiler chicks were randomly allocated to the seven treatments and the trial extended over a 15 day period, upon which two chicks from each replicate were sacrificed and ileum samples taken. Results showed that the cell wall preparations had a numerically positive, but statistically non significant effect on feed conversion ratios. Histology results revealed significantly greater goblet cell densities and sizes for chicks receiving cell wall preparations than those of the control treatment chicks, while villi width and height measurements indicated no differences between treatments. From the results of this study it appears as if yeast cell wall preparations can contribute to the gastrointestinal health and performance of broiler chickens by affecting mucus secreting goblet cells in a favourable manner. © South African Society for Animal Science.	Goblet cells; Growth rate; Villi width and height; Yeast	Gallus gallus; Saccharomyces cerevisiae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-56049123222	Diet quality, intake and growth performance of South African Mutton Merino sheep on Triticum x Secale and Lolium multiflorum pastures at different grazing pressures	Van Niekerk W.A., Hassen A., Coertze R.J.	2008	Tropical Grasslands	42	1	None	Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Van Niekerk, W.A., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Hassen, A., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Coertze, R.J., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	This study was undertaken to determine the influence of 3 grazing pressures [20 (HGP), 33 (MGP) and 50(LGP) g DM/kg LW/d] using South African Mutton Merino wether lambs, on qualitative and quantitative intake of Triticum x Secale cv. Pan266 (triticale) and Lolium multiflorum cv. Midmar (ryegrass) pastures as well as animal performance. Oesophageal samples at the start and end of the grazing period were analysed to determine diet quality in terms of nitrogen (N), ash, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) and in vitro digestibility of organic matter (IVDOM) concentrations. Intake and average daily live-weight gain were determined for each group. In both pastures, the ADF concentration was higher, while IVDOM concentration was lower at the end compared with the start of the grazing period. For triticale, HGP resulted in lower dietary N, and higher ash and NDF concentrations than MGP or LGP. The DOMI and ADG of lambs at HGP were lower than those on LGP. For ryegrass, dietary N was lower at HGP than LGP, while the NDF concentration was higher (P<0.05) at HGP or MGP than at LGP. However, ADG at HGP was lower than at LGP or MGP for each species. Intake of both pastures declined during the study. The overall diet quality on ryegrass pasture seems better than on triticale, as reflected in higher (P<0.05) N and lower NDF concentrations. Performance of lambs on ryegrass pasture was higher than on triticale pasture, through.	None	Animalia; Lolium; Lolium multiflorum; Ovis aries; Triticosecale; Triticum aestivum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33847643731	Compositional evaluation of some dry season shrub and tree foliages in a transitionally vegetated zone of Nigeria	Ikhimioya I., Bamikole M.A., Omoregie A.U., Ikhatua U.J.	2007	Livestock Research for Rural Development	19	3	None	Department of Animal Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Department of Crop Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria	Ikhimioya, I., Department of Animal Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria; Bamikole, M.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Omoregie, A.U., Department of Crop Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria; Ikhatua, U.J., Department of Animal Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	The proximate composition, cell wall and mineral contents, and the levels of some anti-nutrients were assessed in the foliages of Afzelia africana, Bambusa vulgaris, Chromolaena odorata, Mangifera indica and Newbouldia laevis. DM content ranged from 26.80% in Chromolaena odorata to 50.82% in Bambusa vulgaris. The leaves were generally high in CP which ranged from 15.13% in Mangifera indica to 29.85% in Afzelia africana. Gross energy in the foliages varied from 2.50 Kcal/g to 4.09 Kcal/g respectively in Mangifera indica and N. laevis. The highest value of NDF (54.38%) was recorded in Chromolaena odorata while Mangifera indica had the least value (42.40%). Mineral content analysis revealed that Afzelia africana contained the least content of Ca (0.31%) while Chromolaena odorata had the highest (1.52%). Chromolaena odorata also recorded the highest P content (0.39%) and the least was in Mangifera indica (0.20%). Sodium content varied from 0.39% in Chromolaena odorata to 0.14% in Afzelia africana. The lowest content of Cu (5.26ppm) was recorded in Newbouldia laevis while the highest value of 91.76ppm was from Chromolaena odorata. The concentration of Zn varied from 46.60ppm in Bambusa vulgaris to 277.88ppm in Chromolaena odorata. Among the anti-nutrient contents examined, the haemaglutinnin value was least in Chromolaena odorata(9.72mg/g) and highest in Newbouldia laevis(20.84mg/g). Phytic acid varied from 0.45% in Afzelia africana to 4.88% in Mangifera indica, while tannin content ranged between 0.17% in Afzelia africana and 3.51% in Mangifera indica. The implication of the results is that, based on the observed nutritional compositions and ready availability of the foliages, especially in the dry season when the quality of available grasses drops, they showed promise of being adequate for the supplementation of ruminants' diets.	Anti-nutrient; Cell wall; Foliages; Mineral; Nigeria; Proximate composition; Transitional vegetation zone	Afzelia africana; Bambusa; Bambusa vulgaris; Bovidae; Chromolaena; Chromolaena odorata; Mangifera indica; Newbouldia laevis; Poaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875991092	Effect of cassayeast produced from varying combinations of cassava (Manihot esculenta) and brewers' dried yeast (Saccharomyces cerevicea) on broiler performance [Efecto del cassayeast producido a partir de varias combinaciones de yuca (Manihot esculenta)	Anlebo A.O.	2011	Revista Cientifica UDO Agricola	11	1	None	Department of Animal Science, Anambra State University Igbariam, PMB 6059 Awka, Nigeria	Anlebo, A.O., Department of Animal Science, Anambra State University Igbariam, PMB 6059 Awka, Nigeria	A feeding trial using 480 day-old Anak broiler chicks was conducted in which cassava meal (CM) fortified with brewers' dried yeast (BDY) completely replaced maize in four out of five isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets. The objective was to determine the influence of cassayeast produced from varying combinations of cassava (Manihot esculenta) and brewers's dried yeast (Saccharomyces cerevicea) on broiler performance. Dried CM blended with BDY formed cassayeast in the ratios of 30/11.1; 35/12.94; 40/14.79 and 45/16.64 in dietary treatments B, C, D and E, respectively. Diet A (control) contained maize without the test ingredient. Results showed significant differences (P<0.05) in feed intake, body weight gain, efficiency of feed utilization (Feed: gain and gain: feed ratios) and weights of breast and liver. Gizzard weights were similar (P>0.05). The study demonstrated that the use of cassayeast could improve feed availability in the broiler industry. It also showed that with proper protein balancing, cassayeast can completely replace maize in broiler diets.	Brewers' dried yeast; Broiler performance; Cassava meal; Cassayeast	Aves; Manihot esculenta; Saccharomyces; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956911866	Towards a condition monitoring of rock art sites: The case of BNE 1 in Free State Province, South Africa	Jopela A.	2010	South African Archaeological Bulletin	65	191	None	Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, Eduarde Mondlane University, P.O.Box 257, Maputo, Mozambique; Rock Art Research Institute, GAES, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, 2050, South Africa	Jopela, A., Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, Eduarde Mondlane University, P.O.Box 257, Maputo, Mozambique, Rock Art Research Institute, GAES, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, 2050, South Africa	Management of rock art sites entails continuous monitoring of changes in the condition of the site. Monitoring ensures that changes that occur at the site over time are recorded and controlled. Monitoring is a crucial step in any management process because it enables conservators and managers to determine causes and rates of deterioration, derive a prognosis as well as develop appropriate conservation strategies for sites. Monitoring is thus an indispensable tool for rockart managers in their attempts to minimize or mitigate site damage. This paper analyses how condition change was monitored at a particular rock art site (BNE 1) in Clocolan district, Free State Province, South Africa. Photographic analysis using a digital camera and computer software (Adobe Illustrator Creative Suite 2 and ImageJ), was used to monitor condition change. It is suggested that future monitoring of public rock art sites in Free State in particular and in South Africa in general, should be based on a negotiated partnership between interested parties.	Condition monitoring; Conservation; Heritage management; Rock art; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956816345	Capital structure and corporate performance in Nigeria Petroleum Industry: Panel data analysis	David D.F., Olorunfemi S.	2010	Journal of Mathematics and Statistics	6	2	None	Department of Banking and Finance, Adekunle Ajasin University, P.M.B. 001, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria; Department of Economics, Adekunle Ajasin University, P.M.B. 001, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria	David, D.F., Department of Banking and Finance, Adekunle Ajasin University, P.M.B. 001, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria; Olorunfemi, S., Department of Economics, Adekunle Ajasin University, P.M.B. 001, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria	Problem statement: The actual impact of capital structure on corporate performance in Nigeria has been a major problem among researchers that has not been resolved. Approach: The study looks at the impact of capital structure on corporate performance in the Nigerian Petroleum Industry. Results: The study employed panel data analysis by using Fixed-effect estimation, Random-effect estimation and Maximum likelihood estimation. It was found out that there was positive relationship between earnings per share and leverage ratio on one hand and positive relationship between dividend per share and leverage ratio on the other hand. Conclusion/Recommendations: It is therefore recommended that the management of the industry should do more to improve on its leverage ratio. © 2010 Science Publications.	Dividend; Earnings per share; Fixed effect and random effect; Leverage ratio	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84955288709	Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and small business performance: The mediating effect of entrepreneurial mindset and openness to experience	Ngek N.B.	2015	Problems and Perspectives in Management	13	4	None	Department of Business Management, University of Free State, South Africa	Ngek, N.B., Department of Business Management, University of Free State, South Africa	Small business performance is a key concern around the globe as small businesses play a vital role in fostering economic growth and development. Despite the increasing research on enhancing small business performance, most small businesses still fail within the first three years of operations. As such, unearthing the underlying aspects on how several factors affect small business performance continues to be an important research agenda. This study focuses on examining the mediating effect of entrepreneurial mindset and openness to experience on the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) and small business performance. The empirical findings indicate that both entrepreneurial mindset and openness to experience fully mediate the ESE-performance relationship. These findings act as an enrichment of our current understanding of the ESE-performance relationship. The study culminates by providing both theoretical and practical implications for entrepreneurship theory and practice. © Neneh Brownhilder Ngek, 2015.	Entrepreneurial mindset; Entrepreneurial self-efficacy; Firm performance; Openness to experience; Small businesses	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960099478	Strategic marketing orientation and performance: A case for synergistic merger effects of Nigerian banks	Asikhia O.	2010	European Journal of Scientific Research	42	2	None	Department of Business Studies, College of Business and Social Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Ota, Ogun state, Nigeria	Asikhia, O., Department of Business Studies, College of Business and Social Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Ota, Ogun state, Nigeria	The purpose of this paper is to examine the strategic marketing orientation - performance relationship among Nigerian banks and the synergistic effects of probable merger is also included. The paper presents primary data collected by self-administered questionnaires involving a sample of 835 corporate customers from the two commercial cities in Nigeria to classify the banks based on performance, out of which 500 were usable resulting in 59.9% response rate and a total of 375 questionnaire were also distributed to top and middle level management of the banks, 257 were returned, out of which 213 were usable (valid and complete), thus producing a response rate of 56.8 percent, The data set was subjected to regression analysis and structural equation modeling to measure the various effects of variables. It was discovered that strategic marketing orientation positively relates with banks 'performance with the major banks having the lowest SMO-Performance, the combination of the banks in merger scenario revealed different implicating results. It was also revealed that marketing competence and all environmental factors moderate the SMO-Performance relationship except demand uncertainty. For successful mergers between banks in this era of bank failures to occur, consideration should be given to the strategic marketing orientation - performance relationships for synergy. The paper reports findings from the first nationwide study carried out in the area of strategic marketing orientation-performance relationship as a basis for synergic merger in Nigerian banks. © 2010 EuroJournals Publishing, Inc.	Banks' performance; Environmental factors; Marketing competence; Nigerian Banks; Strategic marketing orientation; Synergic effects	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893673758	Genetic evaluation of nigerian indigenous crossbred pullets and broilers	Sanda A.J., Adebambo O.A., Olowofeso O., Adeleke M.A., Akinfenwa M.O., Nworgu F.C., Lawal R.A.	2012	Thai Journal of Agricultural Science	45	4	None	Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, IAR and T. Moor Plantation, P	Sanda, A.J., Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Adebambo, O.A., Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Olowofeso, O., Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Adeleke, M.A., Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Akinfenwa, M.O., Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Nworgu, F.C., Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, IAR and T. Moor Plantation, P.M.B. 5029, Ibadan, Nigeria; Lawal, R.A., Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	An experiment was carried out to determine the growth performance of different crossbred broilers and egg line, and to investigate the effect of genotype (Marshal, Anak Titan, Giriraja, Rhode Island Red cocks, indigenous pullets and exotic dihybrid and trihybrid crosses) on body weight gain. Data were collected for a period of five months. Results showed that with the effect of sire genotype on body weight, Marshal cross has the highest body weight of 1780.50±186.16 g at twenty weeks of age, while Rhode Island Red cross has the lowest mean value of 1287.25±53.55 g. With the effect of dam genotype, dihybrid has the highest body weight with a value of 1663.0±0.00 g at twenty weeks of age, followed by Normal and Anak Titan, respectively. The crossbreds of Marshal sire and Anak Titan dam showed the highest mean body weight of 1909.33±186.10 g at twenty weeks of age; also crosses of Marshal sire and Anak Titan dam produced eggs with the most significant mean weight of 60.00±0.30 g for egg line, while the crossing between Normal indigenous sire and Normal indigenous dam produced eggs with lowest mean weight of 57.08±3.55 g. The interaction between sire and dam on body weight and egg weight showed improvement in the egg line for poultry production. Results of the experiment suggest that crossing of exotic breed of sire with the normal Nigerian indigenous dam produced birds with improved growth performance for broiler chickens and improvement in the egg line.	Crossbred; Dihybrid; Genotype; Indigenous; Trihybrid	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859481695	Effect of breed and breeding system on reproductive performance of rabbits in a humid tropical environment	Oke U.K., Iheanocho V.C.	2011	Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems	14	1	None	Department of Animal Breeding and Physiology, College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Abia State, Nigeria	Oke, U.K., Department of Animal Breeding and Physiology, College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Abia State, Nigeria; Iheanocho, V.C., Department of Animal Breeding and Physiology, College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Abia State, Nigeria	Data were collected from 36 does and 116 kits recorded in a 2 X 2 factorial experiment in CRD over a period of 12 weeks from artificial insemination and natural mating of 18 Newzealand white and 18 chinchilla does respectively to investigate the effect of breed and breeding system on the reproductive performance of rabbits. Analysis of data showed that breed had no significant effect (p>0.05) on most of reproductive traits measured. The statistical similarity (p>0.05) between both strains of rabbits may be attributed to indiscriminate breeding of rabbits and lack of pure breed. Percent conception was significantly (p<0.05) highest when natural mating was practiced, however, all other reproductive traits were non-significant (p>0.05). Breeding system had a significant effect on average kit weight when artificial insemination was practiced, while other post-partum litter traits were not significant (p>0.05). Chinchilla and Newzealand white may be selected for breeding and improvement in the humid tropical environment. However, natural mating which produced significant (p<0.05) higher percent conception rate 79.9% relative to 56.4% produced by artificial insemination should be practiced. Artificial insemination may not be encouraged on both breeds of rabbits except when interest is on average kit weight at weaning.	Breed; Breeding system; Rabbits and humid tropics; Reproductive performance	Oryctolagus cuniculus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650134975	Comparative evaluation of two nigerian local chicken ecotypes and their crosses for growth traits	Momoh O.M., Nwosu C.C., Adeyinka I.A.	2010	International Journal of Poultry Science	9	8	None	Department of Animal Breeding and Physiology, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello Universi	Momoh, O.M., Department of Animal Breeding and Physiology, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Nwosu, C.C., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Adeyinka, I.A., National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria	The Nigerian local chickens were grouped on the basis of body size and body weight into Heavy Ecotype (HE) and Light Ecotype (LE). Comparative evaluation of growth traits; Body Weight (BWT), Body Weight Gain (BWG) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) at 4-weekly intervals (from 0-20 weeks) of HE, LE and their F1 crosses; HE × LE - Main Cross (MCX) and LE × HE - Reciprocal Cross (RCX) were carried out. The total of 214, 142, 190 and 185 day-old chicks of HE, LE, MCX and RCX, respectively were used for the study. The chicks in all the genetic groups were raised on deep litter pens from 0-20 weeks using standard management procedures. Data were subjected to analysis of variance. Results showed that the HE differed (p<0.05) from the LE in BWT (0-20 weeks). Crossing the HE with LE appeared to have closed the gap between HE and LE in BWT as there were no significant differences (p>0.05) between the BWT of HE and the crossbred groups as from 8-20 weeks of age. The crossbred groups quickly overcame the initial set backs resulting from maternal/sire-dam interaction effects and grew significantly heavier than the straight bred heavy and light ecotypes during the period, 12-20 weeks of age. FCR showed highly significant (p<0.001) difference among the genetic groups which indicates differences in maintenance requirements. On the whole, results of FCR showed that the local chickens are less efficient in feed utilization. © Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Heavy ecotype; Light ecotype; Local chickens; Main cross; Reciprocal cross	Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44349150471	Effect of composite cassava meal with or without palm oil and/or methionine supplementation on broiler performance	Ukachukwu S.N.	2008	Livestock Research for Rural Development	20	4	None	Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P M B 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Ukachukwu, S.N., Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P M B 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Two experiments were carried out to investigate the response of broiler chicks to substitution of composite cassava meal (CCM) for maize in broiler diets as well as to assess the impact of supplementing CCM-based diet with palm oil and/or methionine on performance of starter broiler chicks. In experiment 1 six diets in which CCM replaced maize at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% and designated T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6, respectively were fed to 144 day-old broiler chicks in a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment. In experiment 2, five diets designated D1 (control, without CCM), D2 (maize-CCM type diet), D3 (maize-CCM type diet with methionine supplementation), D4 (maize-CCM type diet with palm oil supplementation), and D5 (maize-CCM type diet with palm oil and methionine supplementation) were fed to 150 day-old broiler birds in a CRD experiment. At end of experiment 1 (day 56), daily feed intakes (DFI) of birds in T1, T2, T3, and T4 were similar (P>0.05), but significantly lower (P<0.05) than the DFI of birds fed diet T6. Birds fed diets T1, T2, T3, and T4 had similar (P>0.05) final live weight, daily weight gain (DWG), feed conversion (FCR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER), which were significantly better (P<0.05) than the final live weight, DWG, FCR, and PER of birds fed diet T6. Generally, there was increasing intake as the CCM inclusion level increased, while the response parameters showed a general trend of decreasing performance as the inclusion level of CCM increased. On economics of production of finished broilers, the cost/Kg feed, on relative basis using the control diet (T1) as baseline, ranged from 100% to 79.62% for T1-T6 respectively. Feeding of diets T4 and T5 yielded the highest (P<0.05) gross margin (GM) values that were however similar to the GM values of birds fed diets T2 and T3 but higher (P<0.05) than the GM value of birds fed diet T1, while the GM of birds fed dietT6 was the lowest (P<0.05). In experiment 2, there were significant (P<0.05) differences among treatment means of all the parameters. Birds fed D4 and D5 diets had significantly higher (P<0.05) body weight (BWt) and daily weight gain (DWG) than birds fed D2 but were similar to those fed D1 (control) and D3.The feed conversion ratios (FCR) and protein efficiency ratios (PER) of D5, D4 and D1 were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of D2 but similar to those of D3.	Alternative feedstuff; Broiler nutrition; Energy supplementation; Feed additives; Growth response	Aves; Manihot esculenta; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-54949105749	Genetic evaluation of growth traits in crosses between two ecotypes of Nigerian local chicken	Momoh O.M., Nwosu C.C.	2008	Livestock Research for Rural Development	20	10	None	Department of Animal Breeding and Physiology, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2373, Makurdi. Benue State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Enugu State, Nigeria	Momoh, O.M., Department of Animal Breeding and Physiology, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2373, Makurdi. Benue State, Nigeria; Nwosu, C.C., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Enugu State, Nigeria	Genetic evaluation of the Nigerian local heavy chicken ecotype (HE) and its F1 crosses with the light ecotype (LE); HE X LE as the main cross (MCX) and LE X HE as the reciprocal cross (RCX) was carried out at the Poultry Farm of the Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The objective of the study was to provide estimates of heritability of some growth traits and the genetic correlations between them in HE and its crosses under improved management. A total of 214 pedigree hatched day old chicks of HE, 190 day old chicks of MCX and 185 day old chicks of RCX from a total of 15 sires were used in the study. Body weight (BW), average daily weight gain (DG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured at 4-weekly intervals in all the genetic groups. Heritability estimates and genetic correlation between the traits were obtained. Body weight in HE, MCX and RCX were on the average lowly to moderately heritable. Heritability estimates of daily gain were generally low in HE and RCX with a range of h2 = 0.04 ± 0.13 to 0.12 ± 0.14. feed conversion ratio had moderate h2 estimate in all the genetic groups. In all the groups, genetic correlation estimates between body weight and body weight gain were high, positive and highly significant (P &lt; 0.001). The low to moderate heritability of growth traits in the Nigerian local heavy chicken ecotype and its crosses as well as the variations in additive genetic effect reflect genetically unimproved populations.	Genetic correlations; Heritability; Main crossbred; Reciprocal crossbred	Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77958046459	Comparative evaluation of maize and soyabeans as energy sources for broiler chickens	Onuh S.O., Ortserga D.D., Okoh J.J.	2010	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	9	6	None	Department of Animal Health and Production, Akperan Orshi College of Agriculture, Yandev, P.M.B. 181, Gboko, Benue State, Nigeria	Onuh, S.O., Department of Animal Health and Production, Akperan Orshi College of Agriculture, Yandev, P.M.B. 181, Gboko, Benue State, Nigeria; Ortserga, D.D., Department of Animal Health and Production, Akperan Orshi College of Agriculture, Yandev, P.M.B. 181, Gboko, Benue State, Nigeria; Okoh, J.J., Department of Animal Health and Production, Akperan Orshi College of Agriculture, Yandev, P.M.B. 181, Gboko, Benue State, Nigeria	A total of one hundred and thirty-five (135) unsexed broiler chickens of 5 days of age averaging 72.22±1.11 grams were randomly allocated into 3 dietary treatments designated I, II and III such that full-fat soyabean and maize respectively each predominate (weight for weight) in diets on the one hand while each of the two ingredients were in equal proportions on the other hand. The results at the starter phase show that feed intake and weight gain were not adversely affected (p>0.05) by birds fed all diets. However, the diet which contained the highest level of full-fat soyabean supported insignificantly higher weight gain and efficiency of feed utilization. The results also show that efficiency of feed utilization of birds fed all diets were not significantly affected (p>0.05) while feed cost per unit weight gain of the birds fed the diet where soyabean predominated were significantly better (p<0.05) than birds fed other diets. The results at the finishing phase however show that there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in feed intake, weight gain, efficiency of feed utilization and feed cost per unit weight gain among birds fed diets containing either higher levels of maize or soyabeans. It was observed in the present study that bird fed the diet that contained higher levels of maize had insignificantly (p>0.05) better performance characteristics than those fed the diet that contained higher level of soyabeans. On the basis of the results obtained, it may be recommended that either higher levels of maize or full-fat soyabean may be used as energy sources for broiler starter and finishing broiler chickens without any adverse effect on their performance when prices of each feed ingredients do not differ much. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Broilers; Full-fat soyabean; Maize	animal experiment; animal food; article; broiler; chicken; comparative study; controlled study; energy metabolism; energy resource; food analysis; food composition; food intake; food processing; food quality; lipid diet; maize; nonhuman; nutrient content; nutritional requirement; nutritional value; soybean; weight change; weight gain; Aves; Gallus gallus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884484865	Effects of feeding locally processed blood meal diets on reproductive performance of pigs	Abonyi F.O., Omeke B.C.O.	2013	Indian Journal of Animal Research	47	4	None	Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Abonyi, F.O., Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Omeke, B.C.O., Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Large White x Landrace crossbred primigravid pigs (n=24) were divided into four groups and randomly assigned to four diets replacing soya bean meal (SBM) at 0, 50, 75 and 100% levels with blood meal (BM). From farrowing through weaning, a lactating sow was fed 2.50 kg feed in addition to 0.20 kg per piglet farrowed. Body condition of the pigs was assessed at day 90, at term, mid lactation and weaning. Ten piglets from each group were used to evaluate the effects of the diets on the performance of their F1 offspring. There was no significant (P > 0.05) difference between different groups in mean gestation period, litter size, number of piglets weaned, litter weight, piglets' weight at mid lactation and at weaning. Pigs fed BM diets showed higher body condition score at weaning and it was most favourable in pigs where 75% SBM was replaced with BM. There was a rise in packed cell volume of the piglets as the level of BM inclusion increased. It indicated that BM can be included up to 7.5% level in the diet of gestating sows replacing SBM limited to 75%.	Body condition score; Large White x Landrace crossbreed; Nigeria; Pig diets; Swine reproduction	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34047115476	Evaluation of the mineral status of cattle on communal grazing in the North West Province of South Africa	Mokolopi B.G., Beighle D.E.	2006	Journal of the South African Veterinary Association	77	4	None	Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture Science and Technology, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa	Mokolopi, B.G., Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture Science and Technology, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Beighle, D.E., Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture Science and Technology, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa	Twenty five cattle were randomly selected from a herd of animals grazing communally around Mogosane village in the North West Province to evaluate their mineral status based on blood and faecal analysis. Mean faecal phosphorus (P) concentration was curvilinear, increasing from July (0.99 mg/g) to December (3.63 mg/g) and decreasing to 1.29 mg/g in June. Mean P concentration in grass was also curvilinear, increasing from July (0.87 mg/g) to January (1.8 mg/g) and decreasing to 0.9 mg/g in June. There was a high correlation (r2 = 0.89) between faecal and grass P concentrations. Faecal:grass P ratios suggest that the animals were conserving P by reducing faecal P excretion during times of low dietary P. Animals maintained consistent but very low serum inorganic P (SiP) throughout the year (range 1.33-1.95 mg %) and SiP was not correlated with either faecal or grass P. Mean faecal and grass calcium (Ca) concentrations followed a similar pattern to P. There was also a positive correlation (r2 = 0.95) between grass and faecal Ca concentrations. Faecal:grass Ca ratios indicated a conservation of Ca by reducing faecal Ca when dietary Ca was low. Animals were better able to conserve dietary Ca by reducing losses in the faeces than they were P, based on a higher faecal:grass P ratio (1.56) compared with Ca (1.18). Magnesium (Mg) was lost through the faeces during times of high dietary Mg concentrations but was conserved when grass Mg was low.	Blood; Calcium; Communal grazing; Faecal; Grass; Magnesium; Phosphorus	calcium; magnesium; mineral; phosphate; phosphorus; animal food; article; blood analysis; cattle; concentration (parameters); controlled study; correlation analysis; feces analysis; food composition; grass; grazing; health status; herd; nonhuman; nutritional health; South Africa; Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry; Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animal Welfare; Animals; Calcium; Cattle; Feces; Magnesium; Minerals; Phosphorus; Poaceae; Seasons; South Africa; Animalia; Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857339014	The evaluation of sodium bicarbonate and hydroxy-βeta-cyclodextrin as treatments for organophosphor and carbamate poisoning in poultry	Verster R.S., Sekhesa M.	2011	Life Science Journal	8	SUPPL. 1	None	Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Northwest University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa	Verster, R.S., Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Northwest University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa; Sekhesa, M., Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Sci